ANNUAL REPORTS, WAR DEPARTMENT FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1930 a REPORT OF T CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY 1930 SOffice, Chie ofN gieere LIBMR i1 War Department .- QQC O - U So - 4- c 0- -. . _______ ___ UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1930 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. Washington, D. C. - - - - - Price $3 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS UNITED STATES ARMY 1930 1~ REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS UNITED STATES ARMY WAn DEPARTMENT, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, Washington, September 22, 1930. Subject: Annual Report. To: Secretary of War. I present for your information the following report upon river and harbor improvement work, including flood control operations, under charge of the Corps of Engineers for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. RIVERS AND HARBORS The policy of improving the rivers and harbors of the United States under Federal direction and with Federal funds was inaugu- rated by Congress about 1824. The work has been practically con- tinuous since that time and has been executed principally under the direction of the Corps of Engineers. The program now in force contemplates the improvement of the more important rivers and harbors of continental United States and of the more important harbors of Porto Rico, Alaska, and the Hawaiian Islands. The number of separate authorized projects in force during the past fiscal year was 930. Included in this total are 50 canals and waterways which, wi'Ftheir locks and dams, are maintained and operated by allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1909; the flood-control projects for the Mississippi River and its tributaries, Missouri River at Niobrara, Nebr., and Yankton, S. Dak., Sacramento River, Calif., and the construction of Dam No. 2, Muscle Shoals, Tennessee River, and operation and maintenance of the hydroelectric development at that place. In addition to the foregoing, the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, authorizes work on 175 new, or modifications of exist- ing projects, the estimated further cost of the work thus authorized being approximately $146,000,000. The total amount expended on the works for the year was $100,746,269.84. 4 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The amount required to be appropriated for completion of author- ized river and harbor projects is $306,938,275. During the past fiscal year work. on river and harbor projects has been materially advanced, the expenditures for this class of work being approximately 30 per cent greater than for the fiscal year 1929. This has resulted in benefit to the large water-borne commerce of the country, and not only have the great ports of the Nation benefited thereby, but also numerous lesser harbors and waterways have been improved and maintained. On the inland waterways of the country questions of improvement have received renewed consid- eration and actual work, or plans therefor, on such waterways, espe- cially the upper Mississippi, the Missouri, and the Illinois Rivers, is advancing at a greater rate than ever before. Completion of the Ohio River canalization project was celebrated last October, and nation-wide interest in the question of more adequate development of our inland waterways was greatly stimulated thereby, and by the interest shown in the work by the present administration. The widespread character of activities involved in the improve- ment of rivers and harbors during the fiscal year 1930 is evidenced by the fact that operations have been carried on at some 330 sep- arate harbor and waterway projects in addition to the 50 separate canals or canalized rivers that have been maintained and operated in the interests of navigation. The decided increase in the expenditures for river and harbor work during the past fiscal year has been due to the speeding up of operations to meet the demands of expanding commerce, and in a considerable degree to carry out the purposeful plan of the adminis- tration to alleviate conditions of unemployment. The work has not only benefited the large commerce of the coun- try but has also furnished employment to thousands of people who otherwise might have been idle, and has, therefore, had an apprecia- ble effect in relieving the unemployment situation existing through- out the country. On the Missouri River, below Sioux City, work was prosecuted at a rate never attained before, the expenditures during the past fiscal year amounting to more than $16,000,000. On the upper Mississippi River the lock and dam at Hastings, Minn., was about 82 per cent completed at the end of the fiscal year. In addition, a large amount of dredging and wing dam construction, all with a view to affording 6-foot navigation, was done during the year. On the .Great Lakes, due to abnormally high level of the lakes, as well as to unusually severe storms, much damage was done to breakwaters. Allotments for repairing this damage were made dur- ing the early spring from funds provided in the deficiency act approved March 26, 1930. On the project for a 9-foot channel in the Illinois River from the mouth to Utica, which was authorized by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, work was actively prosecuted during the past fiscal year, the project being about 47 per cent completed. In the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, this project was extended to the heads of the present Federal projects on the Chicago and Calumet Rivers, providing for completion of work on the for- RIVERS AND HARBORS 5 mer State project between Utica and Lockport and for a continuous 9-foot Federal project from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River. Work on the intracoastal waterways system along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts has been vigorously prosecuted, the Norfolk, Va., to Beaufort Inlet, N. C., section having been completed last October (with the exception of the construction of a tidal lock at or near Great Bridge, Va., authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930); the section between Beaufort, N. C., and Cape Fear River is now well advanced, and actual construction of the Jacksonville to Miami, Fla., and the New Orleans, La., to Corpus Christi, Tex., sec- tions has been commenced. The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, also adopted a project for an intracoastal waterway from the Cape Fear River, N. C., to Winyah Bay, S. C., thus authorizing a continuous intracoastal waterway from the Delaware River to Miami, Fla. Projects for an intracoastal waterway from Pensacola Bay, Fla., to New Orleans, La., were also authorized by the 1930 river and harbor act. Commerce.-Water-borne commerce for the calendar year 1929 amounted in the aggregate to 583,800,000 tons, having a reported value of $24,311,000,000, while the number of passengers transported was 546,573,443. The accommodation of this great water-borne com- merce, involving as it does continuous improvement in the type and size of carriers, requires that our waterway channels be carefully maintained in order that delays may be minimized. Furthermore, there is urgent demand for extension and enlargement of channel facilities to meet the requiremets of constantly expanding commerce. Flood oontrol.-The flood control project for the alluvial valley of the Mississippi adopted by the act of May 15, 1928, is printed in House Document No. 90, Seventieth Congress, first session. The plan set forth in the adopted project proposes to protect the alluvial valley of the Mississippi, consisting of the St. Francis, the Yazoo, the Tensas, and the Atchafalaya Basins, as well as the allu- vial lands around Lake Pontchartrain, from the maximum flood predicted as possible. This is to be done by raising existing levees about 3 feet and strengthening them greatly and by permitting flood waters in excess of what the leveed channel will safely carry to find their way to the Gulf through the natural flood ways in the lowlands of the basins adjacent to the river, which lowlands have always car- ried extraordinary flood waters. Protecting levees are planned on the edges of these natural flood ways so as to restrain the waters within them so far as practicable and to protect the good lands out- side. These protecting levees are to be located so as to reclaim the maximum amount of land that is economically justified; and where there are already such levees (for example, in the Atchafalaya Basin), the project contemplates using the same levees but strength- ening them. The flood waters will not spill into the flood ways until they have reached a dangerous stage in the main leveed channel. This insures that the lands within the flood ways will be subject to overflow only during extraordinary floods. In general, the lands within the flood ways will be protected from all floods except those extraordinary floods, which occur on an average of only once in from 10 to 15 years. A limited area in the St. Francis Basin in southeast S REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Missouri, and the city of Cairo, Ill., is to be given additional safety by a flood way between Birds Point and New Madrid, Mo., which will during extraordinary floods only, become an adjunct of the main channel and thereby widen the river and hold down stages. The city of New Orleans is to be given adequate protection by a con- trolled spillway at Bonnet Carre emptying into Lake Pontchartrain from the river above the city. The adopted project also provides for revetting to stabilize the river channel and prevent excessive caving of banks; this, supple- mented by contraction works and dredging will insure the navigable channel of the river. The flood-control act, in addition to the plan for control of floods in the alluvial valley, made provision for flood-control work on the tributaries and outlets, in so far as they are affected by backwater of the Mississippi; for an emergency fund to be used in rescue work or in the repair or maintenance of any flood-control work on any tributaries threatened or destroyed by flood, including the flood of 1927, and for examinations, surveys, and projects to be made as speedily as possible for flood control on the tributary streams. The $30,000,000 appropriated for the fiscal year 1930 for carrying out the provisions of the flood-control act approved May 15, 1928, was expended or obligated during the fiscal year. The greater part of this money was spent on levees, revetment, contraction works, and dredging on the main river. Levees were enlarged and raised ac- cording to plan to the extent permitted by available funds. Revet- ments were constructed where required. Contraction works were constructed to -improve the navigable channel and dredging was done to maintain the channel. Contracts have been made for the greater part of the work in connection with the Birds Point-New Madrid Floodway and the construction is well under way. The auxiliary drainage plans have been prepared and work is to be started shortly and to be prosecuted diligently. The Bonnet Carre Spillway has been all contracted for and is well advanced. It is scheduled for completion in 1931, or before the spring high water of 1932. During the year practically all requests for work on a contribution basis on tributaries within the effect of backwater have been satis- fied. Approximately $637,450 has been allotted for various projects and they are being carried out with efficiency in accordance with the desires of local interests. Various works of this character have been authorized in Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Mississippi. With the emergency fund provided for the repair and maintenance of flood-control works on any tributaries of the Mississippi threat- ened or destroyed by flood, the department has been able to assist local- ities above backwater influence that have been unfortunate enough to be subjected to floods. The sum of $531,695 has been allotted for this purpose at various localities in the Mississippi Valley. Where aid has been requested allotments have been made liberally within the scope of law. Numerous localities in Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, Iowa, and Louisiana have been benefited by expenditures under this fund. RIVERS AND HARBORS 7 During the year satisfactory progress was made on the flood- control surveys of tributaries of the Mississippi River system, about half of the work being completed. The appropriations made by Congress for the fiscal year 1931 made available $35,400,000 for carrying out the flood-control act of May 15, 1928. The program for the expeniditure of this sum in- cludes levee and revetment work on the main river, work on the set-back levee of the Birds Point-New Madrid Floodway, and work on the Bonnet Carre Spillway, as well as dredging and contraction works for the navigable channel. Construction works on the project and on tributaries as authorized by law will be prosecuted vigorously. The emergency fund will be used liberally within the provisions of law to aid localities above backwater influence which are unfortunate enough to be visited by damaging floods and are unable to care for themselves. The comprehensive surveys on tributaries of the Mis- sissippi River system are also included in the program. Reports on some of the surveys have been transmitted to Congress. The remaining ones will be made with dispatch. Surveys.-In addition to innumerable routine surveys, formal pre- liminary examinations and surveys with a view to the improvement of rivers and harbors were executed during the year as provided for in various acts of Congress. There was also an unusual amount of work in reviews of previous reports ordered by resolutions of the Committee on Commerce of the Senate and the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representatives. Work was also done on some 40 preliminary examinations for flood control called for by Congress in accordance with the provisions of the general flood con- trol act of 1917. Satisfactory progress was made in the great system of comprehensive surveys of nearly 200 rivers with a view to the formulation of general plans for their improvement for navigation in connection with the development of water power, the control of floods, and the needs of irrigation, and this work is now about half completed. These were in addition to extensive survey operations carried out under the provisions of the Mississippi flood control act of 1928. Miscellaneous civil works.-These include matters relating to the establishment of regulations for the use, administration, and naviga- tion of the navigable waters of the United States; the bridging of navigable waters, including the approval of plans and the alteration or removal of obstructive bridges; the establishment of anchorage grounds and harbor lines; the removal of sunken vessels obstructing or endangering navigation; the granting of permits for structures or operations in navigable waters; the supervision of the harbor of New York to prevent obstructive or injurious deposits in the tidal waters thereof, including the waters of Long Island Sound; the construction of Anacostia Park and the reclamation and development of Anacostia River and Flats, D. C.; the maintenance and repair of the Washington Aqueduct, and increasing the water supply of the city of Washington; surveys and charting of the northern and northwestern lakes, including the Lake of the Woods; the pres- ervation of Niagara Falls, and the supervision of power companies diverting water therefrom; the carrying into effect of the provisions of the convention between the United States and Great Britain to 8 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 30 regulate the level of the Lake of the Woods; investigations under the Rainy Lake reference, agreed to between the United States and Great Britain, for determining questions concerning the possible regulation of the level of the lake and adjacent waters; and construc- tion and maintenance of roads and trails in Alaska. The care of the birthplace of George Washington at Wakefield, Va., was also admin- istered by the Corps of Engineers up to March 31, 1930, when transfer thereof to the National Park Service was effected. Activities in connection with all of these duties have been in prog- ress during the fiscal year. Organization.-The organization for the accomplishment of the river and harbor work has been modified in accordance with instruc- tions issued by the President. At present there are eight divisions each under the responsible direction of a division engineer. The divisions are: North At- lantic, South Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, South Pacific, North Pacific, lower Mississippi Valley, upper Mississippi Valley, and Great Lakes. Under each of these divisions are a number of coordinate districts among which the work is distributed for execution. Experience indicates that the two divisions on the Atlantic and the Pacific coasts should each be consolidated into one thus reducing the number of divisions to six. Where the number of districts in a division exceeds three to six, the indication is that a new eschelon of supervision and coordination should be inserted under a deputy division engineer reducing the number of districts to be handled directly to from three to six. The division engineer has duties next in responsibility to the Chief of Engineers, who has the rank and pay of a major general. The rank and pay of a brigadier general should be conferred on officers who hold the position of division engineer while they have that responsibility. It is practically impossible now to place the most suitable officers in positions of division engineer unless the rank going with those duties is made commensurate with the responsi- bilities. Selection for these positions should be independent of permanent rank in the Corps of Engineers of the Army. Appro- priate legislation to secure the desired results in perfecting the organization is recommended. Legislation has already been passed giving the officer holding the position of division engineer, lower Mississippi Valley division, the rank of brigadier general. He is also president of the Mississippi River Commission, which adds nothing to his responsibility. Other division engineers who occupy equally responsible positions should receive equally favorable treatment. Appropriations.-The funds with which the works for the im- provement of rivers and harbors were prosecuted during the past fiscal year were derived from the appropriations made by War Department appropriation acts and from such appropriations as have been provided by other general acts and by special acts of Congress. The following works are provided for by permanent appropria- tions: Removing sunken vessels; operating snag and dredge boats on upper Mississippi River and tributaries; removing obstructions in RIVERS AND HARBORS 9 Mississippi River; gaging waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries; examinations and surveys at South Pass, Mississippi River; maintenance of South Pass Channel, Mississippi River; oper- ating snag boats on Ohio River; operating and care of canals, etc.; and support and maintenance of the Permanent International Asso- ciation of the Congresses of Navigation. Appropriations for rivers and harbors during fiscal year 1930, and also by the deficiency act of July 3, 1930: War Department appropriation act of May 28, 1930- Maintenance and improvement of exist- ing river and harbor works-------- $55, 000, 000.00 Less: amount transferred to and reappropriated for the Personnel Classification Board by the de- ficiency act of July 3, 1930, page 7--------------------- 3, 600. 00 54, 996, 400. 00 Flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries -------- 35, 000, 000. 00 Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River... 400, 000. 00 Flood control, Sacramento River, Calif_ 1, 000, 000. 00 $91, 396, 400. 00 First deficiency act, March 26, 1930-- Maintenance and improvement of exist- ing river and harbor works ..--------12, 000, 000. 00 Claims for damages by collision, river and harbor works_____ --- 1, 387. 00 12, 001, 387.00 Second deficiency act, July 3, 1930, survey for flood con- trol, Choctawtchee River, Fla., and Ala ------------- 14, 000. 00 Permanent annual appropriations------------------------ 297, 600. 00 103, 709, 387. 00 Indefinite appropriations (warrants issued during fiscal year 1930)- Operating and care of canals, etc-... $7, 500, 856. 46 Removing sunken vessels, etc--------- 385, 197. 74 7, 886, 054. 20 Special fund (credits to account from licenses under Fed- eral water power act, June 10, 1920, sec. 17)- Maintenance and operation of dams and other improve- ments to navigable waters----__________--------- 205, 465. 27 Related works-- Expenses of California Debris Commission War Depart- ment act, May 28, 1930----------------------------- 18, 000. 00 Total ------------------------ 111, 818, 906. 47 War Department appropriation act, May 28, 1930, (main- tenance, operation, and repair, Dam No. 2, Tennessee River, including the hydroelectrical development) ..---- 260, 000. 00 No advance of funds under section 11, river and harbor act, March 3, 1925, were received from local interests, and no repayments were made to them during the fiscal year 1930. (See report for fiscal year 1929.) Expenditures.- The total amount actually expended under the direction of the Chief of Engineers in connection with the improve- 10 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 ment of rivers and harbors during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930, is as follows: Improvement of rivers and harbors (general) : New work------------------------------------- $43, 863, 173. 41 Maintenance----------------------------------- 20, 549, 508. 42 Surveys under House Document 308/69/1 (new work) ... 1, 775, 899. 93" Total ------------------------------------------ 66, 188, 576. 76 Surveys under section 10, flood control act of May 15, 1928. (new work) ---------------------------------------- 1, 560, 870. 20 ~ Improvement of Mississippi River under Mississippi River Commission. Flood control (general)- New work----------- $20, 006, 832. 69 Maintenance---------- 3, 565, 238.05 / $23, 572, 070. 74 Emergency flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River- New work__ 256, 511. 68 Maintenance____ __ 308, 347. 33 564, 859, 01 24, 136, 929. 75 Improvement of Sacramento River under California Debris Commission (flood control)• New work ------------------------------------------ 653, 941.87 Maintenance--10--------------------------------------- 3, 665. 97v TotalTota-------------------------------------- 757, 607. 84 75,60.8 Summary : New work 117, 229. 78 6--------------------------------- Maintenance--___----__-------_ 24, 526, 754. 77 Aggregate ___ 92, 643, 984. 55 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors (receipts in excess of expenditures) -5, 282.00 Removing sunken vessels_ 409, 772. 00/ Operating and care of canals_ 7, 115, 278. 82 Operating snag and dredge boats on upper Mississippi River and tributaries ---- 11, 831. 15 Removing obstructions in Mississippi, Atchafalaya, and Old Rivers -- _---------------------------- - - 90, 3'47. 26 Examinations and surveys at South Pass, Mississippi River__ 9, 829. 69 Maintenance of South Pass Channel, Mississippi River ____ 92, 534. 97 Gaging waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries .... 9, 600.00 ~ Operating snag boats on the Ohio River_ 45, 792. 35' Permanent International Association of Congresses of Naviga- tion-__ __ ___ _ ____ 1, 893.07 Expenses of California Debris Commission .__ ___. 14, 991. 65" Return of funds contributed by State of California_______ __ 4, 370, 00. 00 Total expenditures from Government funds (river and harbor works)__________ -- _______________ 104, 810, 573.51 NOTE 1.--Additional expenditures of $9,250 made by the Mis- sissippi River Commission are included in the amount stated above for gaging waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries. RIVERS AND HARBORS 11 NomT 2.-The foregoing statement of expenditures from river and harbor funds does not include the following expenditures made by the Engineer department: Dam No. 2, Muscle Shoals, Ala. (construction)_ $22, 039.34 Maintenance and operation,' Dam No. 2, Muscle Shoals, Ala-.__..______-____ 232, 460. 57 $254, 499. 91 Interoceanic canals- Fiscal year 1929____________------------- 316.67 Fiscal year 1930 ___---------------- 50, 879. 75 51, 196. 42 Total -------------------------------------- 305, 696. 33 Expenditures have also been made from funds contributed by States, municipalities, and private parties for improvements, as follows : -' Mainte- Total New work nance Sandusky Harbor, Ohio-................................... $275, 000. 00 ---..... $275, 000. 00 . Port Aransas Harbor, Tex..... ........... $33, 939. 44 33, 939. 44 Freeport Harbor, Tex_.. . --................................ 319, 972. 38 -... . 319, 972. 38 Cedar Bayou Channel, Tex..................... ... ... . ..... 2, 000. 00 2, 000.00 Nome Harbor, Alaska___ .................... . ... ... 2, 500. 00 2, 500. 00 Missouri River near Folsom, Iowa_ ......... ... 40, 000. 00 -..... -... 40, 000. 00 Bayou Bonfouca, La. . ..... .................. ........ 3, 194. 92 ............ 3,194. 92 Hudson River at Albany, N. Y . .... ...... ...... ....... ... 76, 463. 28 --.......... 76, 463. 28 San Joaquin River and Stockton Channel, Calif---------___.-- 43, 073. 29 - -..... 43, 073. 29 -.... Oakland Harbor, Calif.... 76, 739. 25 ---------... 76, 739. 25 Richmond Harbor, Calif_ -- 99, 606. 08 .......... 99, 606. 08 Savannah Harbor, Ga_.. . 78, 856. 14 78, 856. 14 Seattle Harbor, Wash_ ----.... .. .... ----------- 3, 476. 00 . -......... 3, 476. 00 Anacortes Harbor, W ash_. ... . ...... ... ...... .......... 21, 266. 24 21, 266. 24 Ouachita River near Camden, Ark_--------------__-----. 5, 000. 00 5, 000. 00 Total--..... ... .... -. .. ....... ..... _ . 1,042, 647.58 38, 439.44 1,081,087. 02 Under Mississippi River Commission: Improvement of Mississippi River, Yazoo-Mississippi Delta levee district----------................................... 27, 429. 57 27, 429. 57 Mississippi River at Mound City, Ill_----------------------6, 481.92 -_ - 6, 481.92 Mississippi River in Louisiana, __... ............. .. . 13, 292. 00 13, 292. 00 Flood control, Mississippi River .......................... 78, 864. 77 ---------- 78, 864. 77 Flood control, Mississippi River, its outlets and tributaries. 32, 056. 99 -. -.. ..-- 32,056. 99 Total------------------------- Total........... . . 130, 695. 68 27, 429. 57 158, 125. 25 Under California D6bris Commission: Yuba River, Calif _... . . ......... . ------.---- ... .26,669. 18 26, 669. 18 Flood control, Sacramento River, Calif .....--------- 21, 754. 82 ---------- 21, 754. 82 Total .. 21, 754. 82 26, 669. 18 48, 424. 00 Grand total of contributed funds..__..-- -------- __..--------.. 1, 195, 098. 08 92, 538.19 1, 287, 636. 27 i i i. Consolidated cost and financial summary as of June 80, 1980. Cost of new Cost of main- Value of plant, Add ac- counts re- Minus ac- cunts pay- Total expendi- Balance unex- Total to be ac- Amount (estimated) work tenance etc. c seivable ables pay- tures pended counted for required to complete Seacoast harbors and channels-..... _ _ $389, 578,681.19 $127, 823, 004.83 $20,107, 579. 75 $721,422. 76 $2, 536,172.39 $535, 694, 516.14 $31,136, 551.36 $566, 831,067. 50 $127, 404,300 Lake harbors and channels--......... 145, 523, 404.14 35, 782, 806.60 3, 246, 510.68 144, 589. 00 881,048. 44 183, 816, 261.98 8, 431, 835.91 192,248, 097.89 45,473, 800 Mississippi River system-----------........ 353, 409,099.11 61, 972, 812.83 14,104,173.04 834,637.83 3, 990, 231.09 426, 330, 491.72 23, 213, 612.01 449, 554,103.73 96, 882,500 0 Intracoastal canals and other inter- nal waterways ------------------ 72, 471, 802.44 24,122, 032. 98 2, 737, 718.90 41, 961.71 436, 814. 34 98, 936, 701.69 11,181,029. 30 110,117, 730. 99 35, 245, 660 Surveys, House Document No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., and sec. 10, flood control act, May 15, 1928: River and harbor funds---------.......... 3,372,037.32 ................................ .............. 3, 372, 037.32 2, 018, 347.68 5, 390, 385.00 1,932, 015 Flood control funds-............ 1,807, 788.61 -- 1,807,788.61 1,682, 686.39 3, 490, 475.00 1, 509,025 Experimental towboat board_ - -- 414,919.11 23,241.97 ..... 438, 161.08 61,838.92 500,000.00-...Epl Expenses, California D~bris Com- mission ------------------------- 483,026.20 ..... ----------------- 1, 574.49------ ............ 87. 05 484, 513.64 18, 448.07 ........ 502, 961. 71 ---------- Operating and care of canals- - - - - - 99, 524, 912. 41 4, 097, 218. 13 78, 257. 71 607, 034. 33 103, 093, 353.92 925, 763.36 104, 019, 117. 28. Removing sunken vessels-............ -_ ___ -...___-... 4, 998, 661.01 ....----------------------------- 4,998,661.01 35, 514.90 5, 034,175.91- ---- Examinations, surveys, and contin- gencies of rivers and harbors --......... ------- 12, 757,406. 37- .............. .. 12, 757,406.37 9, 503. 51 12, 766, 909.88 ---------- Dam No. 2, Muscle Shoals, Tennes- see River, Ala.: Construction... ------------------ 46, 523, 469.13 359, 592. 52 37, 955.93 15, 769.88 5, 014.53 46,931,772.93 805, 271.34 47, 737, 044.27---------- Operating and care hydroelectric development_-------------- 890,673.15 115,901.35 329. 61 21,017.18 985,886.93 387,081.89 1,372,968.32---------- Permanent International Associa- tion of Congresses of Navigation... 55, 665.23-_- ---.-....--.-.-- ....... - 55, 665.23- ............. 55,665.23--. Interoceanic canal survey-----------............ 51,196.42 _-_-_- ------------ -- ....... - 51,196.42 98, 803.58 150,000.00-..-- .-- Flood control: Sacramento River, Calif-_-------10,104,192. 77 212, 204.05 361,366.11 6, 637.89 56, 431.52 10, 627, 969.30 1,191,930.70 11,819, 900.00 6, 716,200 Mississippi River and tributa- ries-----.... ... 160, 221, 625. 57 53, 256, 028. 64 17, 262, 783. 66 900, 298.05 2, 672,471.75 228,968,264.17 37, 225,330.90 266,193, 595.07 244,490,975 Emergency fund for flood con- trol on tributaries of Missis- sippi River-------....... ------ 316, 822.01 681,541.23 2,869. 50 .60 15, 655.34 985, 578.00 164, 410. 68 1,149, 988.68 2, 800,000 Missouri River at Niobrara, Nebr------------ ---------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- 85,000.00 85,000.00---------- Missouri River at Yankton, S. Dak----------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 85,000.00 85,000.00 Total ---------------- 1,184,333, 729.25 422,404, 918. 59 62,075,651.54 2, 743,905.04I 11,221, 977.96 1, 660, 336, 226.46 118,757, 960.00 1, 779,094, 186.46 582,454,475 Unallotted balances: Maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works-- --. _____------- . ..----------------------------- 9,270,844.46 9, 270, 844.46 ---------- Flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries_- ........... - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - 5, 569, 411. 33 5,569,411.33 ...-- Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River. _-----------------------------1,050,011.32 1,050,011.32-. Flood relief, Mississippi River . .-------------------------------------------------------------------------------...... 188, 57 747.188, 747. 57 Special funds (credits from licenses under Federal power act, June 10, 1920, sec. 10).---- . .--------------. --------... .. 360, 276.34 360, 276.34 ___________ 16,439,291. 02 16,439,291.0 . Grand total.....................----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------........................ 135, 197, 251.02 1, 795, 533, 477. 48 RIVERS AND HARBORS 13 The War Department appropriation act approved February 23, 1927, made a lump-sum appropriation of $50,000,000 for river and harbor improvements throughout the country. Certain allotments, amounting to $49,928,134.58, were made from this appropriation and reported in previous annual reports, leaving an unallotted bal- ance of $71,865.42. In addition, certain sums previously allotted have been withdrawn and reallotted as follows: Amount unallotted as shown in annual report for 1929-----------$71, 865. 42 Amounts withdrawn for reallottment elsewhere ---------------- 331,492.78 403, 358. 20 Allotted to-- Cape Cod Canal, Mass----------------------- $11,348.82 New London Harbor, Conn--------------------5, 000. 00 Broad Creek, Md-------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 Inland waterway, from Norfolk, Va., to Beaufort, N. C------------------- ----------------- 17, 500. 00 Trent River, N. C------------------------------ 500. 00 Intracoastal waterway from Jacksonville, Fla., to Miami, Fla -- 00 1----------------------------00,000. Apalachicola Bay, Fla------------------------21,000.00 Cedar Bayou, Tex--------------------------- 10, 000. 00 St. Francis and L'Anguille Rivers and Blackfish Bayou, Ark--------------------1, 000. 00 Missouri River, Kansas City to mouth---------- 104, 176. 18 Missouri River, Kansas City, Mo., to Sioux City, Iowa--------------------------------------- 499. 00 Ohio River, general improvement ---------------- 60, 000. 00 Harbor at Agate Bay, Minn---------------------- 750.00 Petoskey Harbor, Mich_ ----------------------- 25, 000. 00 Mackinac Harbor, Mich-----------------------25, 000. 00 Columbia and Lower Willamette Rivers below Vancouver, Wash., and Portland, Oreg----------5, 500. 00 River and Harbor Board, services---------------- 6, 084.20 403, 358.20 The War Department appropriation act approved March 23, 1928, made a lump-sum appropriation of $55,886,310 for river and harbor improvements throughout the country. Certain allotments, amount- ing to $55,886,086.43 were made from the appropriation and reported in previous annual reports, leaving an unallotted balance of $223.57. In addition, certain sums previously allotted have been withdrawn and reallotted as follows: Amount unallotted as shown in annual report for 1929------------ $223. 57 Amounts withdrawn for reallotment elsewhere---------------- 1, 448, 946.06 1,449,169. 63 Allotted to- Portland Harbor, Me---------- ------------- $10, 000.00 Branford Harbor, Conn--------------------- 15, 000. 00 Newark Bay, Hackensack, and Passaic Rivers N. J---------------------------------- 139, 125. 70 Inland waterway, Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md------------------------- 41, 000. 00 Inland waterway, Norfolk, Va., to Beaufort Inlet, N. C------------------------------------- 7, 500.00 Scuppernong River, N. C ------------------- 10, 000. 00 Intracoastal waterway from Jacksonville to Miami, Fla-------------------------------99, 000. 00 Carrabelle Bar and Harbor, Fla- ---- ------- 6, 000. 00 Apalachicola Bay, Fla----------___ 10, 000. 00 Red River, below Fulton, Ark _--._ _ _ 62, 600. 00 14 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY, 1930 Allotted to---Continued. Ouachita and Black Rivers, Ark. and La___ - $22, 000.00 Black River, Ark. and Mo-------------------- 58, 094. 40 Mississippi River: Between Missouri and Illinois Rivers-..... 30, 000. 00 Between Illinois and Wisconsin Rivers-- -__ 76, 914. 76 Missouri River: Kansas City to mouth ______________-- 468, 763.29 Kansas City to Sioux City-... __- -- ____-_ 7, 421. 48 Ohio River, general improvement----- ____---_ 60, 000. 00 Columbia and Lower Willamette Rivers below Vancouver, Wash., and Portland, Oreg--------- 8, 500. 00 Surveys (H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess. )__ 263, 000. 00 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (gen- eral) ------------- --------------------- 54, 250. 00 $1, 449, 169. 63 The War Department appropriation act, approved February 28, 1929, made a lump-sum appropriation of $50,000,000 for river and harbor improvements throughout the country. Certain allotments, amounting to $44,409,665.65, were made from the appropriation and reported in previous annual report, leaving an unallotted balance of $5,590,334.35. In addition, certain sums previously allotted have been withdrawn and reallotted as follows: Amount unallotted as shown in annual report for 1929 .------- $5, 590, 334. 35 Amounts withdrawn for reallotment elsewhere__ _________- 4, 997, 893. 89 10, 588, 228. 24 Allotted to- Isle of Shoals, Me. and N. H ____------_ --- $7, 500. 00 Pollock Rip Shoal (Nantucket Sound), Mass__ 15, 000.00 Nantucket Harbor, Mass____.__----------- 8, 000. 00 Connecticut River below Hartford, Conn 5, 000. 00 Norwalk Harbor, Conn------_----___ _____ _ 35, 000. 00 Southport Harbor, Conn_ ....... _____-- . - 500. 00 Manasquan River and Inlet, N. J----------- 14, 375. 00 Woodbridge Creek, N. J_----------______ 3, 000. 00 - Newark Bay, Hackensack and Passaic Rivers, N. J---------------------------------- 160, 874. 30 - Delaware River, Philadelphia to sea- -_,--- 100, 000. 00 Inland waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md ---- ___-- 59, 000. 00 Murderkill River, Del-__ __-- __-__-- 8, 500. 00 Chester River, Md-----------------3, 000. 00 Crisfield Harbor, Md------_-------------- - 5, 500. 00 Baltimore Harbor and Channels, Md-------- 60, 000. 00 Potomac River at Washington, D. C__ 115, 000. 00 York River, Va---------------------------22, 000. 00 Broad Creek, Md--------------------------- 20,000.00 Rappahannock River, Va---- ------- __-__ 32, 000.00 Mattaponi River, Va------------------------ 7, 350. 00 Pamunkey River, Va-- ------------------ 10, 000. 00 Manteo (Shallowbag) Bay, N. C____------ -- 7, 500.00 Cape Fear River, N. C., at and below Wil- mington_-------------------------- --- 155, 000. 00 Charleston Harbor, S. C- ------------. ,___ 27, 952. 23 Ashley River, S. C----------.--.--.__ ____ 2, 000.00 Savannah Harbor, Ga---------------------- 240, 000. 00 Savannah River below Augusta, Ga-_____- _ 26, 810.18 Caloosahatchee River, Fla------------------- 10, 000. 00 Intracoastal waterway, Jacksonville to Miami, Fla---_ 301, 000. 00 Channel from Clearwater Harbor through Boca Clega to Tampa Bay, Fla --....... 7,000.00 RIVERS AND HARBORS 15 Allotted to-Continued. Apalachicola Bay, Fla ...................... $5, 000. 00 St. Petersburg Waterway, Fla_. _ 17, 000. 00 Alabama River, Ala---------------------- 60, 000. 00 Lake Pontchartrain, La 5, 000.00 Bayou Vermilion, La _ 3, 000. 00 Galveston Channel, Tex__ 200, 000. 00 Ouachita and Black Rivers, Ark. and Mo .... 35, 000. 00 Mississippi River between Illinois and Wis- consin Rivers . __ __ 160, 250. 79 Lake Winnepesaukee, N. H___ 5, 000. 00 Missouri River : Kansas City to mouth---------------- 4 955, 764. 22 Kansas City to Sioux City _____________ 416, 898. 07 Tennessee River, Browns Island to Riverton__ 115, 000. 00 Ohio River, open channel improvement ------ 479, 773. 45 Wabash River, Ind. and Ill__------------ 1, 000. 00 Harbor at Duluth, Minn., and Superior, Wis__ 109, 000. 00 Milwaukee Harbor, Wis-------------------- 200, 000. 00 White Lake Harbor, Mich ------------------ 3, 500. 00 Chicago River, Ill____ ____ - -____ ___- -168, 000. 00 Michigan City Harbor, Ind---------- ----- 25, 000. 00 Rouge River, Mich----------------- ----- 10, 000. 00 Toledo Harbor, Ohio----------------------365, 000. 00 Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio __----------4, 300. 00 Olcott Harbor, N. Y ------------------------ 18, 000. 00 Los Angeles Harbor, Calif_____--- ---------- 70, 000. 00 Yaquina Bay and Harbor, Oreg ------------ 35, 000. 00 Columbia and Lower Willamette Rivers below Vancouver, Wash., and Portland, Oreg___- 74, 500. 00 Willamette River above Portland and Yamhill River, Oreg---------------- --------- --- 31, 500. 00 Anacortes Harbor, Wash------------------- 48, 000. 00 Suislaw River, Oreg _________-____---- 5, 000. 00 Hilo Harbor, Hawaii__ -80, ____-------- 000. 00 Kahului Harbor, Hawaii __________------115, 000. 00 Surveys (H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) ------------------ --------------- 50, 100. 00 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general) 323, 780. 00 _------------------------------ Office Chief of Engineers, services --------- 205, 000. 00 Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, services ------------------------------- 120, 000. 00 $10, 588, 228. 24 The first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930, approved March 26, 1930, reads in part as follows: CORPS OF ENGINEERS Preservation and maintenance of existing river and harbor works: For the preservation and maintenance of existing river and harbor works, including the same objects specified under this head in the War Department appropriation act- for the fiscal year 1930, and to be expended under the direction of the Secretary of War and the supervision of the Chief of Engineers, $12,000,000. From this lump-sum appropriation the following-named sums have been allotted to the localities indicated: Portland Harbor, Me----------------------- -- $32, 000. 00 Boston Harbor, Mass-- ------------------------------- ------- 20, 000. 00 Connecticut River, below Hartford, Conn___ .... __.....____ 17, 000. 00 New York and New Jersey Channels---------______________ 175, 000. 00 Keyport Harbor, N. J -------------------------------- 20, 000. 00 Shrewsbury River, N. J ------------------------------------ 10, 000. 00 11714-ENG 1930--2 16 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Delaware River, Philadelphia to the sea-...... ____---- __ __ $450, 000.00 Thimble Shoals Channel, Va---------------------------------- 50, 000. 00 Intracoastal waterway, Beaufort to Cape Fear River, N. C------ 135, 000. 00 Great Pedee River, S. C -------------------------- __- - 5, 000.00 Charleston Harbor, S. C________.._________----______- -- 27, 147. 77 St. Johns River, Fla., Jacksonville to the ocean ___ -____---- 270,000. 00 Intracoastal waterway, Jacksonville to Miami, Fla ---------- - 450, 000.00 Southwest Pass, Mississippi River, La_________________-__--. 60,000. 00 Louisiana-Texas Intracoastal waterway, New Orleans-Sab ne River section------------------------------__ _ 1, 050, 000. 00 Removing water hyacinth, La---------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 Lousiana-Texas Intracoastal waterway, Sabine River-Corpus Christi section__ ____--------------___ 680, 000. 00 Ouachita and Black Rivers, Ark. and La .__.__________- --. __ 5, 000. 00 Mississippi River: Between Ohio and Missouri Rivers_____________________- 250, 000. 00 Between Wisconsin River and Minneapolis, Minn ----------- 75, 000. 00 Missouri Riverr: Kansas City to mouth__ __ ____ _______-___-_ 3, 250, 000.00 Kansas City to S:oux City------------------------------- -- 500, 000.00 {Oh'o River, open channel improvement________________________ 50, 000. 00 Harbor at Duluth, Minn., and Superior, Wis 5, 000. 00 1-------------------- ,Ontonagon Harbor, Mich________________________________ M 30,000. 00 Keweenaw waterway, Mich________________________________ 18, 000. 00 Marquette Harbor, Mich -------------------------------------- 8, 0000.00 Warroad Harbor and River, Minn----------------------------- 20, 000. 00 Fox River, Wis---------------------------------------------- 60,000.00 Muskegan Harbor, Mich_......... ----------------- 815, 000. 00 Frankport Harbor, Mich _________________-______________ 258, 000. 00 M:lwaukee Harbor, Wis 395, 000. 00 Waukegan Harbor, Ill_ - 80, 000. 00 Chicago Harbor, Ill------------------------------------------ 30, 000.00 Michigan City Harbor, Ind_________________________________--138, 000. 00 Illinois River, Ill------------------------- -------------- 70, 000.00 St. Clair River, Mich----------------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 ,Channels in Lake St. Clair, Mich_,-----____- - -__ -__ 30, 000. 00 ;Saginaw River, Mich-----__ ------------------------------------- 15,000.00 Sandusky Harbor, Ohio _____________- - 185, 000. 00 ,Cleveland Harbor, Ohio------------------------------------- 100, 000. 00 Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio_-.--. __--- ___-____________- 87, 500. 00 ,Erie Harbor, Pa----------------------------------------- 150, 000.00 Black Rock Channel and Tonowanda Harbor, N. Y_____ _____ 156, 000.00 Charlotte (Rochester) Harbor, N. Y--------------------------- 12, 000. 00 Great Sodus Bay Harbor, N. Y-___________ 8, 000. 00 Little Sodus Bay Harbor, N. Y------------- ------------------- 18, 000.00 ,Oakland Harbor, Calif--------------------------------------- 230, 000. 00 Suisun Bay Channel, Calif------------------------------------ 20, 000. 00 Crescent City Harbor, Calif----------------------------------- 40, 000. 00 San Joaquin River, Calif___ -------------------------------------- 450, 000.00 ,Coquille River, Oreg-------------_______________________ 7, 500.00 Umpqua River, Oreg_----------------------------------------- 77, 000.00 -Willamette River above Portland and Yamhill Rivers, Oreg___ 125, 000. 00 Nome Harbor, Alaska---------------------------------------- 20, 000.00 Wrangall Narrows, 'Alaska----------------------____________ 747. 77 -Kahului Harbor, Hawaii __ _____ 225, 000.00 Survey of northern and northwestern lakes_______________ 40, 000. 00 Investigation of claims for flowage damages, Lake of the Woods, Minn1-------------------------------------------------------5, 000.00 Surveys (H. Doe. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) --------------------- 210,000.00 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general) ------------ 194, 500. 00 Office, Chief of Engineers, services______-_________-------- 20, 020.00 Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, services- -- ____- -10, 000. 00 Total---- ....-- __-______ 11, 984, 415.54 jBalance unallotted_- -________________-_ 15, 584. 46 12, 000, 000. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS 17 The War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930, contained the following provisions: That the following sums are appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the military and nonmilitary activities of the War Department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931, and for other pur- poses, namely : RIVRRS AND HARBORS To be immediately available and to be expended under the direction of the Secretary of War and the supervision of the Chief of Engineers : For the preservation and maintenance of existing river and harbor works, and for the prosecution of such projects heretofore authorized as may be most desirable in the interests of commerce and navigation; for survey of northern and northwestern lakes, Lake of the Woods, and other boundary and connecting waters between the said lake and Lake Superior, Lake Champlain, and the natural navigable waters embraced in the navigation system of the New York Canals, including all necessary expenses for preparing, correcting, extending, printing, binding, and issuing charts and bulletins, and of investigating lake levels with a view to their regulation; for examinations, surveys, and con- tingencies of rivers and harbors, provided that no funds shall be expended for any preliminary examination, survey, project, or estimate not authorized by law; and for the prevention of obstructive and injurious deposits within the harbor and adjacent waters of New York City, for pay of inspectors, deputy inspectors, crews, and office force, and for maintenance of patrol fleet and expenses of office, $55,000,000. From this lump-sum appropriation the following-named sums have been allotted to the localities indicated: Portland Harbor, Me---------------------------------------- $9, 700 Boston Harbor, Mass--------------------------------------- 35, 000 Cape Cod Canal, Mass --------------------------------------- 175, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Boston district_ 13, 000 Pollock Rip Shoals, Nantucket Sound, Mass __-------------------- 35, 000 Providence, River and Harbor, R. I______-- ----------------- 261, 000 Thames River, Conn-------------------------------------------- 90, 000 Connecticut River below Hartford, Conn ______--__- - -______- 20, 000 Duck Island Harbor, Conn ------------------------------------ 75, 000 Housatonic River, Conn__________________-------------------------------------- 16, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Providence district-------------------------------------------------- 13, 000 Westchester Creek, N. Y___------------ ------- 205, 000 Jamaica Bay, N. Y-------_---------_------------------------- 500, 000 New York Harbor, N. Y --- ____------------------165, 000 Coney Island Channel, N. Y___________----------------------------------- 25, 000 Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels, N. Y --------- - - _ 250, 000 East River, N. Y------ ------------------------------------ 900, 000 Hudson River Channel, New York Harbor------------------------ 100, 000 Hudson River, N. Y --------------------------------------- 1, 125, 000 Narrows of Lake Champlain, N. Y., and Vt------------------------ 500 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), first New York district -------------- ----------------------------------- 30, 600 Newark Bay, Hackensack and Passaic Rivers, N. J 742, 000 New York and New Jersey Channels__________________________ 100, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), second New York district ------------------- -------------------------- 13, 000 San Juan Harbor, P. R-------------------------------------- 10, 000 Ponce Harbor, P. R--------------------------- -------------- 26, 600 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Porto Rico district-------------------------------------------------- 3, 500 Delaware River, Philadelphia to Trenton----------------------- 400, 000 Delaware River, Philadelphia to the sea ----------------------- 3, 380, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Philadelphia district-------------------------------------------------- 8, 750 Raritan River, N. J----------------------------------------- 20, 000 Cooper River, N. J --------------- 27, 000 18 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Mantua Creek, N. J----------------------- -------------------- $4, 000 Maurice River, N. J----------------------- 33, 000 Wilmington Harbor, De--------------------------------------180, 000 Inland waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md ------------------------------------------------- 562,000 Murderkill River, Del--------------- _________-------- _ 12, 500 Mispillion River, Del----- ------ ----------------------------- 12, 50' Inland waterway, Chincoteague Bay, Va., to Delaware Bay, Del ___ 500) Waterway on the coast of Virginia-____________-_ ________ 3, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Wilmington, Del., district -------------------------------------- , 750 Baltimore Harbor and Channels, Md______________--6_________ 631, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Baltimore district--------------------------------------------------- 4, 500 Pamunkey River, Va---------------------------------------- 13, 00' Mattaponi River, Va-------------------------------------- 10, 000 Anacostia River, D. C--------------------------------------- 60, 000 Potomac River at Washington, D. C----------------------------- 56, 000 Occoquan Creek, Va---------------------------------------- 5, 004 Rappahannock River, Va.____---_--_____----- -__________ 5, 000 York River, Va- --------------------------------- 29, 800 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Washington district---------------------------- 20, 700 Norfolk Harbor, Va------_-_---__ -- ______--_________ ___ _ 90, 000 James River, Va------------------------------------------- 196, 400 Meherrin River, N. C-------------------------- ------ -------- 4, 000 Rioanoke River, N. C- --------------------- ------------- 6, 000 Scuppernong River, N. C--------------------------------------- 5,00 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Norfolk district ---------------------------------------- 2, 000 1--------- Pamlico and Tar Rivers, N. C------------------______________ 10, 000 Neuse River, N. C___ ---------------------------------- 12, 500 Swift Creek, N. C---------------------------------------------- 700 Contentnea Creek, N. C____-______________________-_____ 1, 000 Trent River, N. C ------------------- 2, 100 Harbor at Beaufort, N. C--------------__-______-___ 12, 500 Waterway connecting Core Sound and Beaufort Harbor, N. C-.... 5, 000 Inland waterway, Beaufort, N. C., to Cape Fear River, N. C-....... 850, 000) Harbor of Refuge, Cape Lookout, N. C___________________________ 2, 000 Cape Fear River, N. C., at and below Wilmington- -__--___-____ 360, 000 Cape Fear River, N. C., above Wilmington------------------------- 10, 500 Northeast (Cape Fear) River, N. C------------------------------ 4, 000 Black River, N. C------------------------------------------- 2, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Wilmington, N. C., district------------------------------------------------ 3, 500 Winyah Bay, S. C------------------- ------------------------ 30, 000 Waccamaw River, N. C. and S. C-------------- ------------------ 4, 000 Great Peedee River, S. C----------------________-___________ 7, 000 Waterway, Charleston-Winyah Bay, S. C____________ - ____-- 42, 000 Santee River, S. C--------- ------------------ 10, 000 Charleston Harbor, S. C--__---______-------___ ___________ __ 152, 00' Waterway, Charleston-Beaufort, S. C________ ____ ____________ 10, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Charleston district __---------------------------------------------------_ 4, 500 Savannah Harbor, Ga ----- - 700, 000 __----------------------------- Savannah River below Augusta, Ga __________________--_____ _ 18, 500 Waterway between Beaufort, S. C., and St. Johns River, Fla Altamaha, Oconee, and Ocmulgee Rivers, Ga _________________-29, 000 ------ 67, 000 Brunswick Harbor, Ga-- ------------------------------------ 166, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Savannah district -------------------------------------------------- 10, 000 St. Johns River, Fla., Jacksonville to the ocean __-__--... ___--. 559, 00' St. Johns River, Fla., Palatka-Lake Harney.- - -______-----__- 15, 000 Oklawaha River, Fla- -- 20, 000 Miami Harbor (Biscayne Bay), Fla-- ----- - - - - - 50, 000 Harbor at Key West, Fla .....-----...---- - - - - - - 3, 000 Sarasota Bay, Fla-........ - _- ___------- -10, 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS 19 Channel from Clearwater Harbor through Boca Clega Bay to Tampa Bay, Fla----------------------------------------------- $13, 000 Anclote River, Fla .... _------------------------------------------ 9,000 Tampa Harbor, Fla---------------------------_ ..-------------- 78, 000 Removal water hyacinths, Florida----------------------------- - 7, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Jacksonville district------------------------------- 28, 900 Apalachicola Bay, Fla---- ---------- 30, 000 Apalachicola River, Fla., the Cut-off, Lee Slough, and Lower Chipola River --------------------------------------------------- 10,000 Flint River, Ga ------------------------------------- 56,000 Chattahoochee River, Ga. and Fla-....-------------------- - 20, 000 Channel from Apalachicola River to St. Andrews Bay, Fla ________ 4, 000 St. Andrews Bay, Fla---------- ------------------------------ 35, 000 Choctawhatchee River, Fla. and Ala_------------- -------- 10, 000 Pensacola Harbor, Fla-- ------------------------------------- 28, 000 Alabama River, Ala 25, 000 1----------------------- Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Montgomery district--- ----------------------------------------------- 8, 000 Mobile Harbor, Ala _ ------------------------ 300, 000 Black Warrior, Warrior, and Tombigbee Rivers, Ala-------------- 44, 500 Pascagoula Harbor, Miss ------------------------------------- 71, 000 Gulfport Harbor and Ship Island Pass, Miss---------- -- ___--- 150, 000 Biloxi Harbor, Miss___------------------------------------------ 9, 000 East Pearl River, Miss---------------------------------------- 1,000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Mobile dis- trict --------------------------------------------------- 9, 000 Southwest Pass, Mississippi River, La 50, 000 3----------------------- Mississippi River between Baton Rouge and New Orleans, La ___ 14, 000 Louisiana-Texas intracoastal waterway, New Orleans-Sabine River section ------------------------------------- 1, 960, 000 Barataria Bay, La------------------------------------------- 6,000 Removal water hyacinths, Louisiana_ - - -_________-___ __-- -29, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general) first New Orleans district-------------------------------------------- 7,500 Sabine-Neches waterway, Tex 56, 700 6------------------------ Johnsons Bayou, La------------------------------------------ 8, 000 Louisiana-Texas intracoastal waterway, Sabine River-Corpus Christi section --------------------------------------- 1, 289, 000 Galveston Harbor, Tex--- ----------------------------------- 105, 000 Texas City Channel, Tex----__ ------------------------- 175, 000 Port Bolivar Channel, Tex--- _ ---------------- 21, 250 Houston Ship Channel, Tex---------------------------------- 300, 000 Double Bayou, Tex ____---------------- 10, 000 Anahuac Channel, Tex----- 500 12,-------------------- Cedar Bayou, Tex ---- -------- --------------------- , 000 6------, , Freeport Harbor, Tex--------------------------------------- 75, 000 Channel from Aransas Pass to Corpus Christi, Tex__ ---- ___---160, 000 Channel from Pass Cavallo to Port Lavaca, Tex------------------- 9, 500 Port Aransas, Tex------------------------------------------200, 000 Brazos Island Harbor, Tex------------------ 8,750 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Galveston dis- trict--------------------------------------------------- 11, 000 Red River below Fulton, Ark-- --------- 50, 000 Ouachita and Black Rivers, Ark. and La___-- --------- _____ 65, 000 Tensas River and Bayou Macon, La.-----______- -____ _ -_____ 2, 500 Boeuf River, La---------------- -- --------------------------- 2, 500 Bayous D'Arbonne and Corney, La----------------------------- 2, 500 Yazoo River, Miss----------------------------- - 12, 000 Big Sunflower River, Miss------------------------------------- 7, 800 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Vicksburg district --------------------------------------------------- 4, 500 Arkansas River, Ark. and Okla---------------------------------- -27, 500 White River, Ark--------------------- ---------------------- 35,000 Black River, Ark. and Mo_------------------------------------- 20, 000 Current River, Ark. and Mo ------------------------ 2, 500 St. Francis and L'Anguille Rivers and Blackflsh Bayou, Ark --- - 8, 500 20 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Memphis dis- trict____--_$------------------------ $2, 500 Mississippi River between Ohio and Missouri Rivers- -__------1, 700, 000 Mississippi River between Missouri and Illinois Rivers -------- - 340, 000 Missouri River, mouth to St. Charles, Mo-- -------.---------- - 180,000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), St. Louis dis- trict---------------------------------------------------- 7,000 Mississippi River between Illinois and Wisconsin Rivers-.-.--- - 1, 700, 000 Survey 9-foot channel, upper Mississippi River _-_ ----- __ 180, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Rock Island district5,--------------------------------------------------- Mississippi River between Wisconsin River and Minneapolis, Minn__ 1, 185, 000 5000 St. Croix River, Minn----------------------------------------- 3, 000- Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), St. Paul dis- trict------------ ---------------------------------------- 15, 000 Missouri River, Kansas City to mouth ----------------------- 4, 900, 000 Missouri River, Kansas City to Sioux City-------------------- 2, 250, 000 Missouri River, Sioux City to Fort Benton, Mont---------------- 10, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Kansas City district--------------------------------------------------- 5, 000 Tennessee River below Riverton, Ala---------------------------- 90, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Nashville dis- trict-------------------- ------------------------------- 5, 000 Tennessee River above Chattanooga, Tenn_ _________-- - - - ___-- 40, 000 Tennessee River, Chattanooga-Hales Bar Lock and Dam----------- 15,000 Tennessee River, Hales Bar-Browns Island -- ______ -___ 150, 000 Tennessee River, Browns Island-Riverton------------------------ 11, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Chattanooga district----------------------------------------- ------ 25, 000 Ohio River, lock and dam construction___ .______----- -____- _ 338, 850 Ohio River, open channel work __-_______--_________ 1, 640, 000 Allegheny River, Pa., open channel work___ _--____-__ ____-- 3, 000 Allegheny River, lock and dam construction___- 800, 000 -______________ Youghiogheny River, Pa-------____-- -------- ------ __ 2, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Pittsburgh district_-- ----------------- 30, 000 Illinois River, Ill ---------------- _________-- 779, 500 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), First Chicago district_ _ _-------------------------- 20, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Huntington district------------------------------------------------- 30, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Cincinnati district 15, 600 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Louisville district--------------------------------------------------- 5, 000 Grand Marais Harbor, Minn------------------------------------ 3, 500 Agate Bay Harbor, Minn- - 3, 000 Duluth-Superior Harbor, Minn. and Wis -- ______________-____- 110, 000 Ashland Harbor, Wis-_____- -________-__- -______- - 3, 500 Ontonagon Harbor, Mich____ - _____- -- -_________________ 25, 000 Keweenaw waterway, Michigan -------------------------- 85, 000 Marquette Harbor, Mich.-------------------------------- 3, 500 Harbor of Refuge, Grand Marais, Mich ________________________ 17, 500 Warroad Harbor and River, Minn------------------------------ 11,000 Baudette Harbor and River, Minn_ 3, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Duluth district_ 12, 400 Menominee Harbor and River, Mich. and Wis_------------- 20, 000 Green Bay Harbor, Wis-------------------------------------- 40, 000 Fox River, Wis--------------------------------------------- 55, 000 Sturgeon Bay and Lake Washington Ship Canal, Wis-------------- 16, 000 Algoma Harbor, Wis------------------------------------------ 6, 000 Kewaunee Harbor, Wis --------------------------------------- 12, 500 Two Rivers Harbor, Wis--------------------------------------- 8, 000 Manitowoc Harbor, Wis-._- - 5, 000 --- Sheyboygan Harbor, Wis-.......--- _ _40, - --- 000 Port Washington Harbor, Wis ..-- _ - ---------.. 10, 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS' 21 Milwaukee Harbor, Wis------------------------------------ $140, 000 Racine Harbor, Wis----------------------------- ---------- 14,000 Kenosha Harbor, Wis---------------------------------------- 9, 600 St. Joseph Harbor, Mich-------------------------- ----------- 10,500 South Haven Harbor, Mich-- -------------------------------- 90, 000 Holland Harbor, Mich------------------------------------- 10, 000 Grand Haven Harbor, Mich---------------------------------- 18, 000 Grand River, Mich -- ------------------------------------- 10, 000 Muskegon Harbor, Mich ----------------------------- -------- 15, 000 White Lake Harbor, Mich---------------------------------- 25,000 Ludington Harbor, Mich--------------------------------------- 7, 000 Manistee Harbor, Mich--------------------------------------- 19, 000 Portage Lake Harbor, Mich___,__------------------- 6, 000 Frankfort Harbor, Mich_________ __------------------------ 25, 000 Charlevoix Harbor, Mich ------------------------------------- 83, 000 Petoskey Harbor, Mich -------------- ---------------- 45, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Milwaukee district--------------------------------------------------- 6, 000 Waukegan Harbor, Ill ------------------ 26, 300 Chicago Harbor, Ill ----------------------------------------- 197, 700 Chicago River, Ill ------------------------------------------- 33, 100 Calumet Harbor and River, Ill. and Ind___---- - ___ --- _----42, 000 Michigan City Harbor, Ind_-- ___-- ___-------- 77, 400 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Second Chicago district -------------------------------------------------- 6, 000 St. Marys River, Mich 881, 000 1-------------------------- St. Clair River, Mich___---------------------------------------- 9, 700 Channels in Lake St. Clair, Mich------------------------------- 82, 500 Detroit River, Mich ___-___-- __-- __---------60, 500 600 Saginaw River, Mich- -________--__---___--16, Black River, Mich ----------------------------------------- 10, 000 Rouge River, Mich------------------------------------------ 58, 000 Toledo Harbor, Ohio----------------------------------------- 90, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Detroit dis- trict ---------------------------------------------------- 13, 000 Sandusky Harbor, Ohio-------------------------------------- 19, 000 Huron Harbor, Ohio________________ 7, 000 Lorain Harbor, Ohio--------------------_ ----------------- 16, 800 Cleveland Harbor, Ohio -------------------------------------- 67, 000 Fairport Harbor, Ohio ---------------------------------------- 12, 500 Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio- - ---__ ---- - ---- ----- 15, 000 Conneaut Harbor, Ohio 1, 000 1---------------------- Erie Harbor, Pa --------------------------------------------- 20, 500 Dunkirk Harbor, N. Y ---------------------------------------- 44, 100 Buffalo Harbor, N. Y- --------------------------------------- 50, 000 Black Rock Channel and Tonawanda Harbor, N. Y---------------- 20, 000 Rochester (Charlotte) Harbor, N. Y---------------------------- 17, 000 Great Sodus Bay Harbor, N. Y .---------------------------- 10, 000 Little Sodus Bay Harbor, N. Y----------------- 8, 000 Oswego Harbor, N. Y---------- 5, 000 6---------------------- Ogdensburg Harbor, N. Y___- _____-__--- 15, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Buffalo dis- trict ----------------------------------------------------- 9, 000 San Diego Harbor, Calif 2, 000 Los Angeles Harbor, Calif ----------------------------------- 125, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Los Angeles district----------------------------------------- ------ 2, 800 San Francisco Harbor, Calif ---------------------------------- 70, 000 Oakland Harbor, Calif __- ______- - -- ________-250, - --- -- 000 Richmond Harbor, Calif---------------------- -------------- 140, 000 San Pablo Bay and Mare Island Strait, Calif 25, 000 1--------------------- Petaluma Creek, Calif__ ---------- 50, 000 Humboldt Harbor and Bay, Calif----------------------------- 60, 000 Crescent City Harbor, Calif-- 0, 000 6---------------------- Noyo River, Calif ------------------------ ---- 3, 000 22 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), San Francisco district-------------------------------------------------- $6, 000 Stockton and Mormon Channels (Diverting Canal), Calif ----------- 5, 000 Mokelumne River, Calif-------------------------------------- 1, 000 Sacramento River, Calif-------------------------------------147,000 Feather River, Calift- ----------------------------- 2,000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Sacramento district------------------------------------------- ----- 4,000 -Coquille River, Oreg------------------------------------------ 8,400 Coos Bay, Oreg--------------------------------------------482,000 3, 000 -Yaquina -Coos River, Oreg---- ------------------ --- Umpqua River, Oreg-- -------------- ------------------------- 100,000 River, Oreg ------------------- 10,000 Yaquina Bay and Harbor, Oreg-------------------------------- 24,000 Tillamook Bay and Bar, Oreg------------------------- 48, 500 1Columbia and Lower Willamette Rivers below Vancouver, Wash., and Portland, Oreg ---------------------------------------- 432, 400 Clatskanie River, Oreg----------------------------------------- 4, 500 Willamette River above Portland and Yamhill River, Oreg-------- 71,000 Snake River, Oreg., Wash., and Idaho---------------------------- 6,000 Skamokawa Creek, Wash-------------------------------------- 2, 000 -Cowlitz River, Wash------------------------------- 18, 500 'Deep River, Wash---------------- 2.400 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Portland dis- trict------------------------------------------------ --- 13,000 Willapa River and Harbor, Wash------------------------------ 36,000 -Grays Harbor and Bar Entrance, Wash- .--- __-- -------------- 185, 000 Tacoma Harbor, Wash--------------------------------------- 11,000 3Puget Sound and its tributary waters, Wash---------------------- 20,000 SeaF' Harbor, Wash--------------------------------------- 26,000 Lake Washington Ship Canal, Wash---------------------------- 16,500 Bellingham Harbor, Wash----------------------- 12, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Seattle district- 11, 250 Nome Harbor, Alaska -------- __------- ---------- 7, 500 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Juneau dis- trict ----------------------------------------------------- 9,000 -Kahului Harbor, Hawaii --- 140,000 Hilo Harbor, Hawaii 0,000 1--------------------- Nawiliwili Harbor, HawaiiL......... 10, 000 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general), Honolulu dis- trict---------------------------------------------------- 2, 000 Survey, northern and northwestern lakes----------- ------------- 177,000 Supervisor, New York harbor---------------------------------- 174, 360 :Departmental service, allotment roll-------------------------- 205,830 River and Harbor Board expenses-- --------------------------- 150,000 Surveys (H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess.)--------------__ 1, 123, 650 Total------------------------------------------- 45, 744, 740 .Balance unallotted ---------------------------------------- 9, 255, 260 Total------------ -------- ---------------------- 55,000,000 The amounts that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as indicated in the respective reports, are as follows: For river and harbor works (general) ------------------------ $60, 000,000 For operation, maintenance, and repair of Dam No. 2, Tennessee River, including the hydroelectric develop- ment ---------------------------------------- $260,000 TFor flood control: Mississippi River and tributaries--------------- 35, 000, 000 Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River ........- 400, 000 Sacramento River, Calif_ --------------------- 1,000,000 For California Dbris Commisison (expenses) -...... 18,000 36,678,000 Total----------------.------------------- - 06.678.000 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S, ARMY, 1930 23 THE BOARD OF ENGINERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS The creation of the board and the duties assigned to it under the original and subsequent acts of Congress are described in the annual report of 1922. In January, 1919, the work of the board was extended to include the design of floating plant for use on river and harbor improve- ments, taking over the work formerly carried on in the marine design- ing section of the office of the Chief of Engineers. All reports of preliminary examinations and surveys submitted during the year in compliance with the provisions of river and harbor and flood control acts have been referred to the board for considera- tion and recommendation. In addition, a number of subjects have- been presented to it for report in accordance with resolutions of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representa- tives and the Committee on Commerce of the Senate. The reports rendered by the board from time to time in response to legislative action have been duly submitted to the Chief of Engineers for pres- entation to Congress. During the year the board also gave consid- eration to a number of other matters referred to it by the Chief of Engineers. The work accomplished by the board during the year, and the status of its operations from its organization up to the close of the fiscal year, are shown by the following table: Total Number Number Number number completed remain- of in- completed during ing Authority for investigations vestiga- at close of year to be tions preceding ending com ordered fiscal June 30, pleted year 1930 _ River and harbor and flood control acts ----------------------- 3, 198 2, 485 92 621 Concurrent resolutions of Congress... ----------------------------- 1 1................ Senate resolutions--------------------------_,--- -1 1 Resolutions of congressional committees --------------------- 367 260 69 38 Total_ ------------------------------------------- 3, 567 2,747 161 659 Number of hearings given at the office of the board during the year------------------------------------------------- 44 Net expenses of the board during the year ------------------ $137, 527. 72 Estimated cost of projects recommended by the board from its organization to June 30, 1930- ----------------------- $653, 646, 484.06 Estimated cost of projects so recommended adopted by Con- gress -------------------------------------------- $585, 976, 162.26 Section 500 of the transportation act of February 28, 1920, intrusts to the War Department certain duties with the object of promoting,. encouraging, and developing inland waterway transportation facili- ties. Section 8 of the merchant marine act of June 5, 1920, author- izes the Shipping Board, in cooperation with the Secretary of War,. to make similar investigations of ports. Under these acts, the board has been assigned the duties of investi- gating water terminals; advising local authorities concerning their location and design; and compiling, publishing, and distributing useful statistics, data, and information concerning transportation on waterways. To avoid duplication of work, a suitable method of. 24 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 cooperation with the Shipping Board has been devised for carrying out certain of these duties. In 1919 the board took over the work and part of the personnel of the port facilities commission of the Shipping Board. It was later agreed that the board would handle investigations ordered by the merchant marine and transportation acts in the joint interests of the War Department and the Shipping Board. The number of employees on the rolls of the Shipping Board placed at the disposal of the board to assist in this work was increased during the year to nine. As the first important step in securing the desired uniformity in statistics of water-borne commerce, the statistics for the calendar year 1919 were published as a separate volume of the annual report for 1920. The statistics for the subsequent calendar years, includ- ing 1928, have been similarly published, and the work of preparing such a volume for the year 1929 was well in hand at the close of the year. Further progress has been made in the preparation of the series of reports on the principal ports of the United States designed to fur- ther the interests of importers, exporters, ship operators, and others concerned in the movement of goods through our ports. These re- ports have been the subject of great interest and favorable comment from many quarters. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, revisions of Port Series Reports on Mobile, Ala. (No. 3, pt. 1) ; Miami and Tampa, Fla. (No. 8, pt. 2); Los Angeles and Long Beach, Calif. (No. 13, pt. 1); and San Diego and San Luis Obispo, Calif. (No. 13, pt. 2) were prepared for publication but, owing to lack of funds, only the report on Mobile could be published. Immediately follow- ing the passage of the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, which provided an annual appropriation of $35,000 for printing such reports, the following revisions were placed under requisition: Miami and Tampa, Fla. (No. 8, pt. 2). Los Angeles and Long Beach, Calif. (No. 13, pt. 1). San Diego and San Luis Obispo, Calif. (No. 13, pt. 2). The following revised reports were published and distributed dur- ing the year: Boston, Mass. (No. 2); Mobile, Ala. (No. 3, pt. 1); Pensacola, Fla. (No. 3, pt. 2) ; Galveston, Tex. (No. 6, pt. 1) ; Texas City and Corpus Christi, Tex. (No. 6, pt. 3); and Jacksonville, Fla. (No. 8, pt. 1). Work was in progress on the reports on Seattle, Tacoma, Everett, Bellingham, and Grays Harbor, Wash. (No. 7), and on Portland and Astoria, Oreg., and Vancouver, Wash. (No. 11). Work has been temporarily discontinued on the report on the ports of the Philippine Islands (No. 23). The following is a list of the Port Series Reports and revisions which have been issued to date: No. 1. The port of Portland, Me., and one revision. No. 2. The port of Boston, Mass., and one revision. No. 3. The ports of Mobile, Ala., and Pensacola, Fla., and one revision in two parts. No. 4. The ports of Philadelphia and Chester, Pa., Camden, N. J., and Wilmington, Del. No. 5. The port of New Orleans, La. SNo. 6. The ports of Galveston, Houston, and Texas City, Tex., and one revision in three parts, one of which includes Corpus Christi. No. 7. The ports of Seattle, Tacoma, Everett, Bellingham, and Grays Harbor, Wash. THE BOARD OF ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS 25 No. 8. The ports of Jacksonville, Fernandina, Miami, Key West, Tampa, and South Boca Grande, Fla., and one revision in two parts. No. 9. The ports of Charleston, S. C., and Wilmington, N. C. No. 10. The ports of Savannah and Brunswick, Ga. No. 11. The ports of Portland and Astoria, Oreg., and Vancouver, Wash. No. 12. The ports of San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, Richmond, Monterey, Santa Cruz, and upper San Francisco Bay, Calif. No. 13. The ports of Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Luis Obispo, Calif. No. 14. The ports of Port Arthur, Sabine, Beaumont, and Orange, Tex. No. 15. The ports of Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Newport News, Va. No. 16. The ports of Baltimore, Md., Washington, D. C., and Alexandria, Va. No. 17. The ports of Hawaii. No. 18. The ports of southern New England. No. 19. The ports of Gulfport and Pascagoula, Miss. No. 20. The port of New York. No. 21. The ports of Porto Rico. No. 22. The Panama Canal ports. Some of the early issues of the Port Series Reports have become exhausted and the information is in some respects obsolete. The revision of these reports was continued during the year, and the following list shows the status on June 30, 1930, of those not ready for distribution. REVISED PORT SERIES REPORTS Amount of work completed on preparation of manuscript for publication: Per cent No. 7. Seattle, Tacoma, Everett, Bellingham, and Grays Harbor, Wash-------------- ---------------------------------- 10 No. 8. Part 2, Miami and Tampa, Fla -------------------------- 100 No. 11. Portland and Astoria, Oreg., and Vancouver, Wash ------ 10 No. 13. Part 1, Los Angeles and Long Beach, Calif-------------- 1100 No. 13. Part 2, San Diego and San Luis Obispo, Calif----------- 100 In connection with the investigation of territorial zones tributary to ports, which involves a study of the physical, commercial, and transportation conditions in the interior of the country as affecting movements through our ports, there has been published and distrib- uted a Transportation Series of Reports. A report on "Transpor- tation in the Mississippi and Ohio Valleys " was distributed during the year. This original edition was quickly exhausted and under authorty of the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, a new edition was ordered immediately after the passage of that law. A revision of the first report in this series, covering the Great Lakes, was in the final stages of publication at the close of the year. To meet existing needs, information on the ports of the Great Lakes similar in form and scope to that in the Port Series, will be published in a Lake Series of reports. Investigations are now under way and reports are being prepared on the ports of Buffalo, Cleve- land, Chicago, Milwaukee, and Duluth-Superior. Reports not within the scope of the Port Series, Transportation Series, or Lake Series are published as the Miscellaneous Series. Three reports have been published in this series, as follows: Port and Terminal Charges at United States Ports (No. 1), Shipping Charges at United States Ports (No. 2), and Foreign Trade Zones or Free Ports (No. 3). The latter report was distributed during 1 These reports are in course of publication at the Government Printing Office. 26 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 the year. A supplement to Report No. 1 was published revising the data in that report. to January 1, 1930. It is planned to keep this book current by means of annual revisions. Miscellaneous studies were made in connection with subjects pend- ing before the board and in response to specific calls; and tables, graphs, and maps have been prepared as necessary in connection therewith. At the end of the fiscal year the board was composed of the follow- ing members: Col. Herbert Deakyne, Col. William J. Barden, Col. Edward H. Schulz, Col. Harley B. Ferguson, Lieut. Col. Warren T. Hannum, Lieut. Col. Max C. Tyler, and Lieut. Col. James J. Loving. The changes in membership were: July 31, 1929. Lieut. Col. James Loving was detailed and Maj. Dan I. Sultan relieved. August 7, 1929. Lieut. Col.. Warren T. Hannum was detailed and Maj. Ernest Graves relieved. September 10, 1929. Lieut. Col. Max C. Tyler was detailed and Maj. Glen E. Edgerton relieved. November 7, 1929. Col. Edward H. Schulz was detailed and Lieut. Col. Thomas M. Robins relieved. June 26, 1930. Col. Harley B. Ferguson was detailed and Col. George B. Pillsbury relieved. Status of works.-Statements derived from the reports of the officers in charge of the various works and given herein set forth the condition of each improvement and the extent of the work per- formed during the past fiscal year. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE: BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT This district includes the States of Maine and New Hampshire, and eastern Massachusetts from the New Hampshire State line to the southern end of Nauset Beach, at Chatham Bar, on the east coast line of Cape Cod. District engineer: Col. Sherwood A. Cheney, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. William J. Barden, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Moosabec Bar, Me---------- 27 17. Maiden River, Mass__--__-- 63 2. Bar Harbor, Me 28 18. Boston Harbor, Mass_____ 3. Camden Harbor, Me -______30 19. Dorchester Bay and Nepon- 4. Rockland Harbor, Me --.. 31 set River, Mass __ ____- 72 5. Kennebec River, -Me....... 33 20. Weymouth F o r R iiver, 6. Portland Harbor, Me-... __ 36 Mass------------__ 75 7. Saco River, Me___________, 40 21. Weymouth B a c k River, 8. Kennebunk River, Me- ____ 43 Mass_-- __________ 78 9. Harbor at Isles of Shoals 22. Scituate Harbor, Mass_ _ - 80 (Gosport), Me. and N. H__ 45 23. Plymouth Harbor, Mass__. 81 10. Lake Winnepesaukee, N. H_ 46 24. Cape Cod Canal, Mass___. 85 11. Newburyport Harbor, Mass_ 48 25. Operating and care of Cape 12. Gloucester Harbor, Mass___ 50 Cod Canal, Mass_---- .__ 88 13. Beverly Harbor, Mass----- .52 26. Provincetown Harbor, Mass 89 14. Salem Harbor, Mass ....... 55 27, Examinations, surveys, and 15. Lynn Harbor, Mass -- - 57 contingencies (general)_ _ 91 16. Mystic River, Mass ........ 60 RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 27 1. MOOSABEC BAR, ME. Location and description.-Moosabec Reach is the name given to the 7-mile stretch of water lying between Jonesport, Washington County, Me., on the north, and Beals Island, Great Wass, and other islands on the south. Jonesport is about 20 miles south of Machias. The tidal current flows east during flood and west during ebb, with a maximum velocity of 4 miles per hour at spring tides, general average at half tide being about 2 miles per hour. The reach pro- vides safe navigation throughout its length and forms a desirable harbor of refuge with good anchorage. The use of the reach shortens the route considerably for east and west bound coasting vessels. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 304.) Original condition.-Before improvement the entrance at the eastern end of the reach was difficult, the channel being crooked, with ledges on either hand. The direct entrance was obstructed by a bar on which the depth was less than 6 feet at mean low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 14 feet deep at mean low water and not less than 300 feet wide and the construction of a small breakwater to divert cross currents. The mean tidal range is 11.5 feet and the extreme 13.5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1888 was $114,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881, and amended in 1888. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is no railroad at Jonesport, the nearest point of approach being at Columbia Falls, about 12 miles to the north. A stage line connects with the Maine Central Railroad at the latter point. There are naturally no terminal facilities. The wharves are ample for the needs of the town. Effect of improvement.-The improvement made navigation less difficult. It is probable that freight rates were not in any way affected. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under a contract for dredging dated June 26, 1929, work was commenced October 8, 1929, and was completed October 30, 1929. The Moosabec Reach Charfnel was restored to a depth of 14 feet at mean low water. There were removed and deposited 12,370 cubic yards, scow measurement, of material at a cost of $11,773.72, all for maintenance. The expendi- tures amounted to $11,833.42. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1899. The controlling mean low-water depth after com- pletion of maintenance dredging in 1929 was 14 feet. The total cost and expenditures of the existing project to June 30, 1930, was $126,600, of which $114,000 was for new work and $12,600 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is con- templated during the fiscal years 1931 and 1932. Commercial statistics.-It is reported that about 2,000 vessels use the reach annually, and carry from 250,000 to 500,000 tons of fish, wood, coal, and general merchandise. 28 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U., S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $114, 000. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------- 2, 600.00 1------------------ Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 126, 600.00 Net total expenditures------------------------------126,600.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------------126, 600. 00, Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnewwork ..------- ------------------------------------------------ Cost.of maintenance ...----------------------------------------- _. - .-----$826.28 $11, 773.72 Total expended..._.............. .. - 766.58 11,833.42 Allotted ----------------------------------------------- $1,200.00 14,400.00 -3,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $14, 833.42' Deductions on account of revocation of allotment----------------- 3, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for-----------------------------11, 833.42 Gross amount expended----------------__---------------- ---- 11, 833. 42 2. BAR HARBOR, ME. Location and description.-This harbor is situated on the eastern shore of Mount Desert Island, on the coast of Maine, about 150 miles: by water northeast of Portland, Me., and about 50 miles east from the entrance to Penobscot Bay. The anchorage, which is about 4,000 - feet by about 5,000 feet, depends for protection upon Porcupine Island, supplemented by the breakwater. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey Chart No. 318.) Original condition.-The anchorage and wharves at Bar Harbor were exposed to the seas from the south. The main portion of the breakwater was built in water approximately 50 feet in depth, and the greater part of the area to be protected had natural depths, ranging from 20 to 80 feet at mean low tide. Previous projects.-None. Existing ptroject.--This provides for a riprap breakwater from. Porcupine Island to Dry Ledge and thence in a direct line to within about 600 feet of the low-water line on Mount Desert Island, the top of the breakwater to be at level of mean high tide and 20 feet wide. The breakwater is to be about 2,500 feet in length and is for protection of the anchorage and landings. The mean tidal range is 10.5 feet and the extreme 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $464,500. No maintenance is required. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888 (Annual Report for 1887, p. 481). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1891, page 576. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are six principal wharves and a num- ber of landings for small boats. The wharves in general are wooden platforms on wooden piles. Five of the principal wharves are avail- able for public use. Facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. There is no railroad at Bar Harbor. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The benefit of the improvement consists in protecting the wharves at Bar Harbor and the anchorage area, RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 29 which is extensively used by costly pleasure craft. This protection is proving of decided benefit not only to the anchorage but to the railroad ferry steamers which connect with the Maine Central Railroad. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 88 per cent completed. The breakwater has been extended to its full projected length, but is not to full section throughout. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists in the placing of a small quantity of stone to bring the breakwater to full section. Practically the full measure of protection has now been secured. An inspection, made in August, 1925, indicated that no material change has occurred during the last 10 years. Expenditures have been $406,591.12, which amount was the cost of new work under the existing project. Proposed operations.-No funds are available, and no work is pro- posed during the fiscal year 1931. While the breakwater is not to full height and section through- out, it has accomplished practically what was expected, and its com- pletion is not highly important at this time. It is not believed that any work of improvement or maintenance will be necessary during the next two years. Therefore no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The protected area ranges in depth from 3 to 60 feet at mean low water. There is about 10 feet at the wharves. Commerce consists of fuel and the miscellaneous merchandise con- stituting the supply of a fashionable summer resort. Coal, 10,958 tons, comprised 32 per cent; petroleum products, 11,632 tons, com- prised 38 per cent; grain, 1,473 tons, comprised 5 per cent; and gen- eral merchandise, 4,559 tons, comprised 15 per cent of the total tonnage for 1929. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925--------... 23, 920 $1, 370,081 1 53, 334 1928-------- ...... 27, 650 $956, 741 41, 578 1926-------- 40, 994 3, 155, 132 75, 144 1929 -------- 30, 637 1,422, 679 30, 008 1927-------- 34,914 1,438,078 45,046 1 Complete record not obtainable. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $406, 591. 12 Net total expenditures ------------------------------------ 406, 591. 12 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------------406, 591. 12 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------------- $5. 81. .. ----------- .. . . ..- . Cost of maintenance... Total expended------- -.--..--......... 5.81 __________.____ Allotted-_.-....._ - ...-.......... ...- -..- .....-- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --- ------ - ----------------- $57, 900 ;30 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 3. CAMDEN HARBOR, ME. " Location and description.-CamdenHarbor is on the westerly side of Penobscot Bay, about 8 miles north of Rockland. It has an area of about 50 acres. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 321.) Original condition.-There was a depth of about 6 feet at mean low water in the outer harbor at the steamboat wharf and less than 1 foot in the inner harbor where most of the wharves are located. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of March 3, 1873, and provided for dredging two channels 7 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide, one to be 1,400 feet long, the other 1,500 feet long. The work was completed in 1875 at a cost of $30,000, all for new work, the expenditures being the same. Eaisting project.-This provides for a channel 14 feet deep at mean low water in the outer harbor and 10 feet deep in the main and upper portion of the harbor. The mean tidal range is 9.6 feet; the extreme about 2 feet greater. The estimate of cost for new work, exclusive of amount expended under previous project, in 1910, was $87,330. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 11, 1888, provided for dredging at the entrance to 12 feet at mean low water, for dredging the main portion of the harbor to 10 feet at mean low water, and for small channels in the upper portion to 5 feet at mean low water; the act of June 13, 1902, provided for dredging an area in the vicinity of the steamboat wharf, in the outer harbor, to 14 feet at mean low water; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for dredging an area in the upper part of the harbor to 10 feet at mean low water. The latest pub- lished map is in House Document No. 1117, Sixtieth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal faccilities.-The principal wharf is that of the Eastern Steamship Lines (Inc.). There are a number of others which appear ample for the existing and prospective commerce. There is no steam railroad serving the town, but an electric rail- road connects with Rockland, 8 miles to the south, where connection can be made with the Maine Central Railroad. 'Effect of improvement.-The work accomplished has rendered transportation by water easier and safer and facilitated entrance into the harbor of vessels of increased draft. Operations and res'ults during fiscal year.-Under a contract for dredging dated June 26, 1929, work was commenced August 19, 1929, and was completed September 27, 1929. The outer and inner harbors were restored to depths of 14 and 10 feet, respectively, at mean low water. There were removed and disposed of 47,254 cubic yards, scow measurement, of material at a total cost of $29,325.29, all for maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $29,384.99. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1911 at a saving of $14,930 under the estimated cost. The controlling mean low water depths in the outer and inner harbors, after completion of maintenance dredging in 1929, were 14 and 10 RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MIASS., DISTRICT 31 feet respectively. The cost and expenditures under the existing project have been $102,600, of which $72,400 was for new work and $30,200 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is con- templated during the fiscal years 1931 and 1932. Commercial statistics.-Coal, 11,430 tons, comprised 63 per cent; and general cargo, 4,884 tons, comprised 27 per cent of the total tonnage for 1929. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passen- gers 1927--- ------------------------- --------------------------- 19,761 $858,426 4,362 1928---------------- --------------------------------------- 20, 443 877, 812 4, 972 1929 -------------------------------------------------------- 17,929 999,122 4,140 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ----------------------------- $102, 400. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------------- 30, 200. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------------132, 600. 00 Net total expenditures ----------------------------------------- 132, 600. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------- ------------- 132, 600. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work- . .-- Cost of maintenance_______-----. --. ------- ....----......---- $874. 71 $29, 325. 29 ------------------------- .. .__ Total expended----------------- __ _____ __ _ 815.01 29, 384.99 Allotted_ _-------------------- ---- ------------ ------------ $1,200. 00 38,000.00 -9, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------- $38, 384.99 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment------------------ 9, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for-------------------------- ------ 29, 384. 99 Gross amount expended----------------------------------------- 29, 384. 99 4. ROCKLAND HARBOR, ME. Location and description.-This harbor is on the westerly side of Penobscot Bay, near its mouth, and about 80 miles northeast of Port- land by water. It is a natural indentation of the coast line, about 10,000 feet in one direction and about 7,000 feet in the other. Pro- tection from the east is afforded by a breakwater extending from the northerly shore about halfway across the entrance. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 320.) Original condition.-The depth at the entrance was and is about 50 feet at mean low tide. Within the harbor, much of which is shoal, the depth ranges from 6 to 30 feet. Before improvement the wharf front, on the westerly side of the harbor, was exposed to heavy seas during easterly gales; there were two groups of dangerous ledges in the anchorage; and the greater part of the wharf front was bare at low tide. The entrance had a width of about 9,000 feet. 11714---ENG 1930---3 32 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY, 1930 Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a riprap breakwater extend- ing about 4,346 feet southerly from Jameson Point, on the north side of the entrance; dredging the inner harbor in the vicinity of the wharves to depths ranging from 4 to 13 feet at mean low tide; and removing two groups of ledges, one to 22 feet and the other to 14 feet at mean low tide. The mean tidal range is 9.7 feet; the extreme, 11 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1897, was $1,036,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the breakwater (Annual Reports for 1881, p. 466, and for 1890, p. 439); the act of June. 3, 1896, provided for the dredging in the vicinity of the wharves and for removal of the ledges (H. Doc. No. 85, 54th Cong., 1st sess.) The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.There are 16 principal wharves in active use, sonie of which accommodate two or more interests, and, in addition, there are several other small landing places used by fishermen. About 15,000 feet of water front have been developed. The majority of the wharves are open to public use. Fourteen have more or less railroad connection. The types of construction are timber cribs filled with stone or earth, or solid fills faced with granite walls. Some have wooden-pile additions. Two of the wharves are bare at low tide, the depths at the others varying up to 20 feet. Facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a further descrip- tion of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal benefits have been the pro- tection of the wharf front and the establishment of a commodious and convenient harbor of refuge. The effect on rates has been such as would accrue through the use of larger vessels, made possible by the dredging. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1904 at a saving of $120,138 under the estimated cost. The dredging and ledge excavation were completed in the calendar year 1901, and the breakwater in 1904. Vessels drawing not more than 13 feet can reach the steamboat wharf at low tide. At the other wharves there is only about 6 feet. The depth gradually increases from about 14 feet near the steamboat wharf to about 50 feet near the outer end of the breakwater. The storm damage to the exterior slopes did not affect the navigable capacity of the harbor nor the protective efficiency of the breakwater. Expenditures have been $940,500, which amount was the cost of the existing project, $915,862.73 being for new work and $24,637.27 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is con- templated during the fiscal years 1931 and 1932. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 33 Commercial statistics.-The chief items are coal, oils, and build- ing materials. The average loaded draft of vessels trading at Rock- land is 14 feet. Coal, 83,754 tons, comprised 36 per cent; petroleum products, 57,386 tons, comprised 25 per cent; and lime and lime products, 59,688 tons, comprised 26 per cent of the total tonnage for 1929. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925------- 197, 759 $7, 029, 050 160, 548 1928-___-- - 260, 913 $6, 236, 309 130, 075 1926-----......--. 205, 207 8, 430, 055 120, 762 1929- - - - - - - 229, 195 5, 709, 320 105, 505 1927--------........ 182,575 5, 825, 241 133, 348 1 Complete statistics could not be obtained. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_------------------------_ ----- $915, 862. 73 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 _--- - ----- 24, 637. 27 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930______________ 940, 500. 00 Net total expenditures---------------------------------------- 940, 500. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------------------940, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 i- Cost of new work .-------------- Cost of maintenance_------------------- $6, 573. 28 Total expended_. -- 6, 573. 28 -- ----- - -- Allotted------------------------------ . - - -------- 5. KENNEBEC RIVER, ME. Location and description.-Kennebec River drains a large number of lakes and minor streams, and flows from Moosehead Lake about 150 miles in a southerly direction and discharges into the Atlantic about 25 miles east of Portland. The drainage area above Augusta is 5,580 square miles, and the average discharge is about 10,000 sec- ond-feet. The river is tidal to the dam at Augusta, where the width between banks is from 500 to 700 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 288, 289, and 314.) Original condition).-From Augusta to Gardiner, about 61/ miles, the navigable depth was about 31/2 feet in low summer tides. There was a shoal at South Gardiner with about 8 feet at mean low tide. At Swan Island there were dangerous ledges and a shoal with only 10 feet at mean low tide. The channel west of Swan Island was obstructed by Hatchs Rock Shoal, over which there was 71/2 feet. Augusta, 44 miles from the mouth, was and is at the head of general navigation. Formerly there was a lock in the Augusta dam. The river above, however, was full of rocky shoals and the lock was not much used and is now filled up. The river above the dam was and is used for water-power and lumbering operations. Previous projects.-The first project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1827. Modifications and additions were 34 REPORT OF CHIEF- OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 authorized by river and harbor acts of August 30, 1852, June 23, 1866, July 11, 1870, March 3, 1871, March 3, 1873, March 3, 1881, August 11, 1888, and June 13, 1902. The cost and expenditures on projects prior to the existing one on which work was commenced in 1906 were $509,411.03, all for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1735 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel below Gardiner not less than 150 feet wide, with a depth of 17 feet at Beef Rock Shoal, at the foot of Swan Island, 18 feet deep through rock at Love- joy Narrows, near the head of Swan Island, decreasing to 16 feet deep at Gardiner; a channel west of Swan Island, 100 feet wide, 12 feet deep, except at the upper shoal, where the depth was to be 15 feet; and a channel 125 feet wide and 11 feet deep from Gardiner upstream to Augusta, at the head of navigation. ' The section of river :included in the project is about 21.5 miles in length. The work in- cluded dredging, rock excavation, and two riprap training walls. The project depths refer to mean low water. The mean tidal range is 8.3 feet at the mouth of the river, 6.5 feet at Bath, 5.5 feet at the foot of Swan Island, 5 feet at Gardiner, and 4.1 feet at Augusta. The spring tides are about 1 foot greater at the mouth and about 0.5 foot greater at Augusta. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1912, was $386,500, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the channel be- tween Augusta and Gardiner (H. Doc. No. 262, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the channel below Gardiner (H. Doc. No. 321, 59th Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of March 4, 1913, provided for the channel west of Swan Island (H. Doc. No. 746, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published maps see above documents and Annual Report for 1915, page 2022. Recommended modifications of project.-In House Document No. 2107, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session, it was recommended that the improvement and maintenance of the channel west of Swan Island, near the town of Richmond, be abandoned. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are a number of wharves which have been allowed to fall into such a condition of disrepair that their use is not feasible until they are extensively repaired or rebuilt. Those capable of serving a useful purpose are for the greater part located at the principal towns, viz, Bath, Richmond, Randolph, Gardiner, Hallowell, and Augusta. At Bath there are 25 wharves. Seven are physically connected with the railroad, 16 have more or less connection with the electric trolley system, which also handles freight, and one is connected with both systems. The majority of the wharves have mechanical ap- pliances for handling freight, and 11 are open to the public, one being publicly owned. Five wharves have depths varying from 12 to 15 feet, 7 have from 16 to 20 feet, and 13 have over 21 feet. The wharves at Bath serve the shipyards, coal business, etc. At the other above-named points there are 16 wharves in usable condition. All but one are equipped with mechanism for handling RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 35 passengers or freight. Two wharves at Randolph are connected with the railroad and one at Hallowell is connected with the electric trolley system. Those open to the public on equal terms are two at Hallowell and one each at Richmond and Augusta. None are publicly owned. As a rule the wharves on the Kennebec are built parallel to the bank and project but little into the stream. Generally they are bal- lasted timber cribs, though there are a few wooden-pile structures. Above Bath the depths, at low tide, vary from 6 to 19 feet. The special terminals are efficient, the others to a smaller degree, but the facilities on the whole are believed adequate for the business. The shipyards at Bath have built extensive wharves, but probably more for the purpose of securing additional room for plant than for terminal purposes. (For a further description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The benefit has consisted in permitting the use of larger vessels in handling bulk freight, which demands cheap transportation and, so far as concerns coal movement to the upper section, has been of decided value. The transportation of lumber, which was formerly a characteristic of this stream, has greatly fallen off; and that of ice, which formerly produced a ton- nage of considerable magnitude, has almost entirely disappeared. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. There was no expenditure. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1914 at a saving of $62 under the estimated cost. The con- trolling depth on June 30, 1925, at mean low water was 16 feet to Gardiner, thence 11 feet to Augusta, at the head of navigation. Expenditures have been $412,500, which amount was the cost of the existing project, $386,438.38 being for new work and $26,061.62 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is pro- posed during the fiscal year 1931. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as the improvement is believed to be in a condition to meet the reasonable requirements of present commerce. Commercial statistics.-Ice and lumber formerly made up the bulk of the river business. Shipments of ice have entirely ceased and a very small amount of lumber is shipped. Coal, 159,606 tons, com- prised 71 per cent; pulpwood, 37,626 tons, comprised 17 per cent; and petroleum products, 16,825 tons, comprised 7 per cent of the total tonnage for 1929. Comparative statement Calendar Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Calendar Short tons Value Passengers 1925--------........ 171,305 $2,026, 253 697,926 1928---....- 190, 753 $1,925,994 50,525 1926--------........ 214,765 2,416, 115 875,332 1928-.. - . -223, 999 138 2,140, 48,480 1927....... 167, 242 1,749,295 889,698 36 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial swmmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-- ----------------------- $895, 849. 41 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 26, 061. 62 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------921, 911.03 Net total expenditures---------------------------- 921, 911. 03 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------------- 921, 911. 03 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--------- ------------------------------------------------------ Cost of maintenance __ ___------------------ $25, 000. 00 ------------ Total expended---- ......------------------- 25,000.00 Allotted-------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- 6. PORTLAND HARBOR, ME. Location and description.-This harbor is on the southwestern coast of Maine, about 100 miles northeast of Boston, Mass. The outer harbor is behind islands in Casco Bay and the inner harbor in Fore River. Northwest of the city is a large bay known as Back Cove, the greater part of which consists of flats exposed at low tide. The main channel from the ocean leads through Casco Bay between the mainland and Cushing Island. It is about 8 miles to the head of navigation at Stroudwater, on Fore River, and about 6 miles to the head of Back Cove. To the anchorage ground opposite the eastern end of the city the distance is about 3.5 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 325.) Original condition.-The inner harbor in Fore River was and is about 9,000 feet long and about 2,500 feet wide. It had a channel depth of about 25 feet at mean low tide except at the mouth, where it shoaled to 16 feet. Thence to the sea the least depth was about 42 feet, except for two iso!ated ledges, over which the least depths were 29 and 30 feet. The wharf front was exposed to swell from the main entrance. In Back Cove the channel depth was about 1 foot at mean low tide. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836. Subsequent modifications and additions were authorized by river and harbor act of June 23, 1866; joint resolution of June 5, 1868; and river and harbor act of June 10, 1872. The cost and expenditures prior to adoption of the existing project in 1896 were $692,435.25, all for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1736 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a commodious anchorage off the eastern end of the city, with a minimum depth of 30 feet; for the dredging of the greater part of the inner harbor to a depth of 30 feet, except for the lower part of the main harbor and its channel of approach, where the depth is to be 35 feet; for a channel 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide in Fore River up to the upper Boston & Maine Railroad bridge; for a channel 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide from the anchorage to the Grand Trunk bridge at the mouth of Back Cove; for rock excavation to give a depth of 14 feet between the RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 37 Grand Trunk and Tukeys bridges, and a channel 12 feet deep and 300 feet wide thence to the head of Back Cove; for the removal of two obstructing ledges in the main ship channel to a depth of 40 feet; and for a stone breakwater about 1,900 feet long on the southerly side of the mouth of the inner harbor. The project depths refer to mean low water. The mean tidal range is 8.9 feet, extreme 10.2 feet, though variations as great as 16 feet have been observed under storm conditions. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $1,790,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was authorized by the following acts: The river and harbor act of July 4, 1836, provided for the breakwater (H. Doc. No. 491, 23d Cong., 1st sess.); the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, provided for 30 feet over the greater part of the inner harbor (S. Doc. No. 271, 54th Cong., 1st sess.); the sundry civil act of March 3, 1905, provided for extensions of the 30-foot depth up Fore River and in the channel of approach to Back Cove; the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, provided for the anchorage, for 14 feet at the entrance to Back Cove, for restoring the 12-foot depth in Back Cove and the 30-foot depth in the approach as well as in the lower part of the inner harbor (H. Doc. No. 489, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); and the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, provided for 35 feet at mean low tide in the lower part of the main harbor and the channel of approach and for the removal of two obstructing ledges in the main channel (H. Doc. No. 71, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see last-mentioned document. Recommended modiftcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, requires that assurances shall be given that adequate berthing space for deep-draft vessels, affording a depth of not less than 35 feet at low water of spring tides, shall be provided by local interests within a reasonable time. These have been given and received the approval of the Secretary of War August 27, 1917. Since that date the work covered by these assurances has practically been accomplished. Terininal facilities.-The harbor has a water front of about 8 miles, rather more than one-half of which has been developed. There are 49 wharves, all but 11 of which are in the city of Portland. Seven wharves are used for transportation terminals, 15 for coal and lumber, 8 for manufacturing purposes, 2 for marine construc- tion, 7 for handling petroleum products, and the remainder for general business. One wharf, previously used for storage purposes by the Portland Terminal Co., is being developed to handle coal. There are two publicly owned ferry landings, besides which the city of Portland has a wharf in Back Cove which, aside from muni- cipal use, is open to the public. There is also a large modern pier owned by the State. Seventeen of the private wharves are open to the public upon equal terms. Twenty-five have mechanical appli- ances for handling passengers or freight. Thirty have physical con- nection with railroads, and in the cases of 14 others, railroads run either to the heads of the wharves or adjacent thereto. Five of the wharves have 6 feet or less at mean low tide, 22 have from 10 to 15 38 REPORT OF CHIEF OF -ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 feet, 5 have from 16 to 20 feet, 5 from 21 to 25 feet, 6 from 26 to 30 feet, and 4 have 35 feet. Two wharves are bare at mean low tide. Many of the wharves are of solid fill within stone walls and with wooden-pile extensions, while most of the larger ones are built entirely on piles. The transportation terminals are efficient, but in some respects have not been found to be of sufficient capacity to satisfactorily handle the class of vessels offering. The coal wharves are efficient, though somewhat crowded for room in one or two in- stances. Most of the remaining commercial wharves are of consider- able size, but are of an old type, with shallow docks, and are not considered efficient. While existing facilities accommodate the pres- ent commerce, need for betterment has been evident. There is abun- dant space, but in order to increase terminal facilities it will be necessary to revise and rebuild at least a portion of the older wharfage system. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doe. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 1, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-Improvements made have permitted safe use of larger vessels and, so far as bulk freight is concerned, have influenced such reduction in rates as is affected by larger cargoes. It is estimated that two-thirds of the present tonnage of the har- bor would not have been practicable except for the work done under existing and previous projects. In view of the increase in size and draft of ships, the trans-Atlantic business could not have been con- tinued and developed. The increased depth in the lower harbor has permitted the entrance of some of the larger passenger ships. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-None. The sub- office and floating plant were maintained and the necessary supplies and materials purchased. At the close of the last fiscal year a contract was entered into for the dredging of a shoal area in Fore River at the site of the lower railroad bridge. The cost was $13,- 420.48 and the expenditures $12,744.32, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed except for removal of two obstructing ledges in the main ship chan- nel to a depth of 40 feet at mean low water. About 88 per cent of the entire project has been accomplished. A survey in the spring of 1924 developed that depths had fairly well maintained, though shoaling had occurred at a few places. A slight shoaling was noticed in the southeasterly angle of the anchorage ground and along the southerly bank in the main harbor. In the 300-foot channel of ap- proach to Back Cove for a distance of about 1,300 feet, opposite the mouth of the Presumpscot River, the shoaling has been more extensive, amounting to as much as 7 feet, apparently due to deposits from that stream. As this part of the channel is no longer used for heavy traffic, no inconvenience is experienced. The project depth in Back Cove has maintained up as far as the bend, where it has shoaled from 2 to 3 feet. It is very soft material, and as yet no complaints have been received. The controlling depths are 35 feet in the lower harbor, 30 feet in the anchorage and in Fore River, 23 feet in the entrance to Back Cove, 14 feet between Grand Trunk and Tukeys Bridges, and about 10 feet within Back Cove; all referred to mean low water. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 39 The costs under the existing project have been $1,578,129.06 for new work and $106895.28 for maintenance, a total of $1,685,024.34. The total expenditures have been $1,691,729.33. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1930, $51,281.22 to completing the removal of the shoal area on the north side of the 30-foot channel in the Fore River, the site heretofore occupied by the Portland Terminal railroad bridge which has been removed, and for examinations of the existing project, as follows: 120,000 cubic yards material at $0.32 (August-November, 1930)... $38, 400. 00 inspection --__--_------- ---------- __1, 600.00 Examinations to determine condition of existing project----------2,000. 00 Engineering, superintendence, maintenance of suboffice, and district overhead --------------- ----------------------------- 9, 281. 22 Total ---------------------------------------------- 51, 281. 22 The only part of the existing project remaining uncompleted is the removal of two rock ledges in the main ship channel, estimated to cost about $200,000. This involves the removal of about 3,200 cubic yards of rock to the depth of' 40 feet at mean low tide. So far as known, there is no urgent necessity for the removal of these rock ledges at this time. The sum of $9,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 for examinations to determine condition of the existing project, maintenance of suboffice, and district overhead. Commercial statistics.-Foreign and domestic tonnage shows a slight increase over the previous year. Coal, 1,513,720 tons, com- prised 48 per cent; fuel oil and other petroleum products, 690,646 tons, comprised 22 per cent; pulpwood and wood pulp, 397,576 tons, comprised 12 per cent; and china clay, 115,404 tons, comprised 3 per cent of the total tonnage for 1929. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925 .... 2, 876, 889 $115, 475, 954 529, 298 1928------- 3, 037, 283 $103,062, 707 491,288 1926 .... 3, 155, 744 115, 466, 710 791, 862 1929-........ 3, 157, 653 104, 812, 635 483,414 1927 ..... 3, 300, 888 109, 964, 450 549, 420 Cost and finanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__------------------------$2, 270, 564. 31 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------- ----- 106, 895. 28 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------- 2, 377, 459. 59 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ..-------- 7, 152. 33 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_____- --------- _ 2, 384, 611. 92 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930--- ----------------- 8. 34 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930----------- 2, 384, 620. 26 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_----------------------- 455. 68 Net total expenditures ------------------------- 2, 384, 164. 58 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ---------------------- - 51, 281.22 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------- --- 2, 435, 445. 80 40 REPORT OF CHEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work-------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance------------------------------------ -- $72, 951.63 $13, 433. 72 $13,420.48 Total expended.--------------------------------- ------- 64, 268.03 24, 425.18 12, 74432 Allotted------------- ------- ----------------- $80, 000. 00 2, 718.75 18, 300. 00 51, 700.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----------- ------------ __ $12, 325. 54 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928_____-____ ... _____ $10, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930 ---------------------------------------- 32, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930___ __-- ____------9, 700. 00 51, 700. 00 Amount to be accounted for----- ------- 64, 025. 54 Gross amount expended_ _----------------------------- 12, 744. 32 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930____________-------- 51, 281. 22 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 _________---___-_ $464. 08 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts_,- -_______ 42, 900.00 43, 364. 08 Balance ava:lable June 30, 1930___ _____ -____ -7, ___--- 917. 14 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930-------------------------------- 8. 34 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930________ ______ 7, 925. 48 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1-__ - -_____ _____-___ 211, 870. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 __ 9, 000. 00 7. SACO RIVER, ME. Location and description.-Saco River rises in the White Moun- tain region of New Hampshire at an elevation about 1,900 feet above sea level, flows about 105 miles in a general southeasterly direction, and discharges into the Atlantic about 16 miles southwest of Port- land Harbor, Me. The drainage area is 1,730 square miles, and the mean discharge at the head of navigation has been estimated at about 3,927 second-feet. The river is tidal up to Saco and Bidde- ford, about 5 miles from the mouth. Its minimum width between banks below Saco and Biddeford is about 200 feet, though in places the width is as great as 1,000 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 231.) Original condition.-Above the head of navigation the river has been used for lumbering and affords a large amount of water power. The navigable portion, from Saco and Biddeford to the sea, was generally shoal, had a winding course with numerous shoals and ledges, and discharged through a wide sandy beach, where the depth was only 2 feet at mean low tide. Outside the bar the water deepened to 30 feet. Previous projects.-None. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT '41 Existing project.-This provides for a channel depth of 8 feet at mean low water in earth cuts and 9 feet deep in ledge from the sea to the head of navigation at the cities of Saco and Biddeford, a dis- tance of about 6 miles, the width to be 140 feet across the bar, 200 feet in the lower section between the jetties, 140 feet in the middle section, and 100 feet in the upper section, to be secured by means of dredging; a small quantity of rock excavation, several small riprap jetties within the river, a riprap breakwater about 5,800 feet long extending seaward from the north side of the mouth of the river,, and a riprap jetty or training wall from the south side of the mouth of the river, practically parallel with the breakwater and about 4,800 feet long. The mean tidal range is 8.8 feet; the extreme about 1 foot greater. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $532,000, which includes $20,000 contributed by local interests. The latest (1924) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1827, provided for the erection of piers, the placing of buoys, and the removal of obstructions at the entrance of the harbor; the act of June 23, 1866, provided for the breakwater on the north side of the mouth of the river; the act of September 19, 1890, provided for the jetty on the south side of the mouth (S. Ex. Doc. No. 44, 48th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for a project depth of 7 feet and an extension of the jetty on the south side of the mouth of the river (H. Doc. No. 752, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 3, 1925, provided for the present dimensions of the channel and the extension of the break- water about 1,600 feet (H. Doc. No. 477, 68th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in House Document No. 752, Sixty-first Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, requires that $20,000 shall be contributed by local interests toward the cost of the project. The requirements of this act have been fulfilled. Terminal facilities.-There is a small pier near the mouth of the river which is used for summer passenger business. There are five wharves, all of solid fill construction, at Saco and Biddeford, none of which have railroad connection. Of these, 1 is unavailable be- cause of a rocky berth, 1 is in poor condition, and 3 are in good condition. The latter are used for private business, two are coal- handling terminals and are open to the public' on moderate terms, the other is an oil terminal. One coal wharf has modern mechanical appliances, with good efficiency; the other is equipped, but the ma- chinery is crude. Depths range from 6 to 8 feet at mean low tide. The traffic is small and is almost entirely coal. The facilities appear to be adequate for existing demands. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Some reduction has been brought about in water freight rates on coal, probably from 35 to 50 cents per ton, due to the fact that barges could be more fully loaded. This has been more or less reflected in the rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operationsunder con- tract dated August 1, 1927, for breakwater extension and repair of jetty were continued. At the close of the fiscal year the breakwater 42 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEEIS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 extension was completed for a length of 1,600 feet and repair work on the south jetty was just commenced. Specifications for ledge removal at Twin Islands were in course of preparation at the close of the fiscal year. The costs were $28,673.57 for new work and $2,502.31 for maintenance, a total of $31,175.88. The expenditures amounted to $28,120.28. Condition at end of flscalyear.-About 92 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The remaining portion includes the breakwater work in progress at the close of the fiscal year, which is 86 per cent completed, and the removal of a small quantity of rock ledge at Twin Islands. The several small riprap jetties within the river were completed in 1893. The jetties are in general good con- dition. The 8-foot channel is completed, with the exception of the removal of the ledge at Twin Islands. A survey made in May, 1930, shows that shoaling has taken place in the bar channel at the river mouth, so that the controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1930, was about 7 feet. The costs of the existing project have been $492,983.89 for new work and $11,624.70 for maintenance, a total of $504,608.59. The expenditures have been $495,684.66. In addition, $20,000 has been expended from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1930, $23,987.09, to completing the repair of the outer 1,500 feet of the south jetty, and to the removal of ledge in the channel at Twin Islands, as follows: 1,500 tons stone for jetty at $2.38 (July-August, 1930) ------------ $3, 570. 00 487 cubic yards ledge at $40 (July-September, 1930) ------------ 19, 480.00 Engineering, superintendence, and administration-------------------937. 09 Total---------------------------------------------- 23, 987. 09 The foregoing work will complete the existing project. As it is not believed that any work of maintenance will be necessary during the next two years, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commmercial statistics. The tonnage for 1929 shows an increase over the previous year. Coal, 36,316 tons, comprised 63 per cent, and petroleum products, 10,282 tons, comprised 18 per cent of the total tonnage. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925--------........ 50, 133 $424, 353 32, 500 1928--------....... 49, 939 $612, 581 7, 879 1926........ 42, 193 411, 710 16, 668 1929--------........ 58, 044 657, 755 1, 555 1927 -------- 43, 222 458, 852 9, 790 Cost and fcnanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--- ------------------------ $492, 983. 89 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------- ------------------- 11, 624. 70 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 504, 608. 59 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------ ---------- ------ 8,923. 8, 93 Net total expenditures------ --- - ' 495, 684. 66 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 -------------------------- 23, 987. 09 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 519, 671. 75 1Exclusive of $20,000 contributed funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 43 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work...--------------------------.............. -----...$2,115.27 $26, 082.92 $40, 962.67 $28, 673. 57 Cost of maintenance-- ---------------- .... . ..--------- ---.. -------------------- ----------- 2,502.31 Total cost----------.............----________ 2, 115. 27 26, 082. 92 40, 962. 67 31, 175. 88 Total expended __ __ __ ____.......................................2, 115. 27 11, 697. 37 49, 479. 99 28, 120. 28 Allotted.................---------------------------$100, 000. 00 .....-------------------- 15, 400. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_____ _ _---------------- $52, 107. 37 Gross amount expended ----------------------------------- 28,120. 28 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_------------------- 23, 987. 09 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_________________ $8, 331. 82 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts 0, 543. 77 1___________ 18, 875. 59 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------- 5, 111.50 8. KENNEBUNK RIVER, ME. Location and description.-The source of Kennebunk River is in the central part of York County in southwestern Maine. The stream flows about 15 miles in a southeasterly direction and discharges into the Atlantic Ocean about 30 miles southwest of Portland Harbor, Me. The drainage area is about 38 square miles. Improvement has been confined to that part of the river between Kennebunkport and the mouth, a distance of about 1 mile. The stream is tidal above Kennebunkport, but is rarely used for navigation. The width be- tween banks varies from 250 to 450 feet. No discharge data are available. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1205.) Original condition.-The practical head of navigation is at the bridge at Kennebunkport, about 1 mile above the mouth, though occasionally small vessels may ascend to points above. Originally the depth was less than 4 feet at mean low tide and the entrance was shoal and unprotected. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of a stone breakwater on the easterly side of the mouth of the river about 550 feet long, a pier or jetty on the westerly side of the mouth about 290 feet long, the construction of a wharf about 700 feet upstream from the shore end of the breakwater, the construction of a jetty on the left bank a short distance farther upstream, and securing a depth of 4 feet at mean low tide for an average width of 100 feet up to Kenne- bunkport, a distance of about 1 mile, by dredging and rock removal. The mean tidal range is 9 feet, the extreme 13.5 feet. Work ap- pears to have been commenced by the State of Massachusetts in 1798, since which date a number of small appropriations have been made for maintenance and further improvement. The river and harbor act of March 2, 1829, provided for repair of the pier on the eastern side of the channel at the entrance. The act of August 14, 1876, provided for deepening at Wading Place and Mitchells Point (Annual Report for 1875, p. 115) ; the act of September 19, 1890, for the jetty at WadingPlace (H. Ex. Doc. No. 136, 51st Cong., 1st sess.; also Annual Report for 1890, p. 471). 44 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Recommended modifcations of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are seven privately owned piers in usable condition at Kennebunkport. All are grouped within 1,200 feet of the bridge, six being below, and one which is not used, above. All are of pile-crib construction with earth fill, and, as a rule, in good condition. But one, the coal terminal, has mechanical appliances for handling freight, and these are crude, consisting of an A frame, by means of which the cargo is hoisted out by horsepower and placed in a storage shed of 1,100 tons capacity. About 120 tons per day can be handled. Depths at the ends of the piers vary from 14 feet at the coal terminal to from 4 to 6 feet at the others. Practically all the piers are open to public use at a mere nominal charge. None has physical connection with railroads. The terminal facilities are of low efficiency but are regarded as sufficient for existing needs. There is one wharf on the east side of the river about seven-eighths mile below the bridge and about one-fourth mile above the mouth. It is owned by the Federal Government and is in part pile and in part stone construction with earth fill. It has no mechanical ap- pliances, is in poor condition, and is used only to a very limited extent. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has been of benefit to the limited coal trade. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The expendi- ture of $191.42 was in payment of an outstanding liability of the preceding fiscal year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project for improvement was completed in 1893, since which date repairs have been made from time to time. There has been no recent examination to deter- mine the channel depth. Floods in recent years have brought down sawdust and gravel from the upper portions of the river, filling the deep holes and making shoals in the improved channel. The costs of the existing project have been $83,584.01 for new work and $7,- 844.29 for maintenance, a total of $91,428.30. Expenditures have been $91,428.30. Proposed operations.-No work is proposed, and no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-There is very little commerce, the locality being almost exclusively a summer resort. Petroleum products, 548 tons, comprised the total tonnage for 1929. Comparative statement Year Tons Value 1929.....................------------------------------------------------------------------548 $35, 620 Cost and flnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------$83, 584. 01 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 7, 844. 29 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 91, 428. 30 Net total expenditures_- - - -- - - -_ 91, 428. 30 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-_ -- - --- 91, 428. 30 RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 45 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work...... Cost of maintenance...--------------------- . - --------------------- ---------------------- ---- $1, 200. 00 --------- Total expended ....---------------------------------------------------- 1,008. 58 $191.42 Allotted-- -------------------------------------------- __-----------1,200.00 ------------ Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_____-______________ ________ _ $191.42 Gross amount expended _________ ______________________ _--- 191.42 9. HARBOR AT ISLES OF SHOALS (GOSPORT), ME. AND N. H. Location and description.-A group of islands in the open sea about 6 miles southeast of Portsmouth Harbor, N. H. Three of them-Smuttynose, Cedar, and Star Islands--are so situated that, with the shoals connecting them, they afford a small harbor of fair depth, open only to the west and northwest, known as Gosport Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 330.) Original condition.-The harbor, which is a refuge or protected anchorage about 32 acres in area, had a depth of from 18 to 48 feet at mean low tide and entrance depths of not less than 24 feet. The shoals connecting the islands failed to give the full protection from easterly storms needed by small vessels. Previous projects.-The first work of improvement by the Gov- ernment was ordered by the act of March 3, 1821. Subsequent modi- fications and additions were authorized by the act of May 7, 1822, and the river and harbor act of July 13, 1902. Expenditures amounted to $41,453.21, which was the cost of new work. For scope of previous projects see page 1739 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.--This provides for the construction of three rough-stone breakwaters, as follows: One from Smuttynose Island westwardly to Malaga Island on the north side of the harbor, having a length of 240 feet; one extending southeastwardly from Smutty- nose Island to Cedar Island, protecting the harbor on the east, hav- ing a length of 700 feet; and a third extending southwestwardly from Cedar Island to Star Island, affording protection from the southeast and south, having a length of 530 feet. The mean tidal range is 8.7 feet and the extreme 9.9 feet. The estimated cost of new work was $40,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1122, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is printed in the Annual Report for 1913, page 1530. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is one wharf near the hotel on Star Island which is used to accommodate a passenger steamer plying between Portsmouth, N. H., and the island during three months of the summer. Effect of improvement.-The local commerce is inconsiderable. The value of the improvement consists in the refuge afforded small coastwise vessels. 46 . REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Under a contract for repair of breakwater between Cedar and Star Islands, dated September 19, 1929, work was commenced September 27, 1929, and was completed October 28, 1929. A total of 3,600 short tons of riprap was used, repairing in the aggregate about 180 linear feet of breakwater. The cost and expenditure was $28,500, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913 at a saving of $761 under the estimated cost. The breakwaters appear to be in serviceable condition. The cost and expenditure under the existing project has been $39,238.32 for new work and $34,261.68 for maintenance, a total of $73,500. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is con- templated during the fiscal years 1931 and 1932. Commercial statistics.-Isles of Shoals is a pleasure resort. Other than supplies brought for the hotel, and what little fishing business is transacted, there is no waterborne commerce. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------------$80, 691. 53 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------_------- 34, 261. 68 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---.------- 114, 953. 21 Net total expenditures_-______- - - __ --- --- 114, 953. 21 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------------114, 953. 21 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..--------------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance.------------- -------------------------------------------- $28, 500. 00 Total expended------------- ---------------------------------------------- 28, 500. 00 Allotted.. ----------------------------------------------- $15, 500. 00 $5, 500. 00 7, 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ----------------------- $21, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved February 28, 1929--- --------------------------------- 7, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for ---------------------------- 28, 500. 00 Gross amount expended __----______-_--___---- 28, 500. 00 10. LAKE WINNEPESAUKEE, N. H. Location and description.-LakeWinnepesaukee and its tributaries lie wholly within the State of New Hampshire, their waters forming the chief source of the Merrimack River. The lake is about 20 miles long and has an average width of about 5 miles. At its southwestern extremity (at Weirs) it has an outlet into Long Bay (Paugus Bay), which is navigable for a distance of 4 miles to its outlet at Lakeport. (See U. S. Geological Sheets Winnepesaukee and Wolfeboro, N. H.) Original condition.-At its outlet there was a shoal area with 1.2 !eet over it at lowest known stage of the water, at the outlet of the lake into Long Bay; this shoal was the only obstruction to navigation to Lake Village, now Lakeport. Previous projects.-None. Ecisting project.-This provides for a channel approximately 3,000 feet long, 50 feet wide, and not less than 5 feet in depth in the lowest RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 47 known stage of the water, the object being to afford an outlet chan- nel for the lake into Long Bay. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1879 was $7,500. No approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of 1879. The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1880, page 362. Recommended modificastion of project.-The abandonment of this project is recommended in House Document No.- 467, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are several small wharves located at. Alton Bay, Wolfeboro, Weirs, and at Lakeport. They are chiefly used from the middle of May to the latter part of November in con- nection with the transportation of pleasure travel. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has been of benefit to the lake steamers Mount Washington and Uncle Sam, the latter of which is the mail boat. Operation and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging operations by the use of hired plant in the outlet channel between Lake Winnepesaukee and Long Bay was commenced on September 16, 1929, and completed on November 8, 1929. There were removed and deposited in deep water in Lake Winnepesaukee and Long Bay 6,860 cubic yards of material. The cost and expenditure was $5,000, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1882. Maintenance dredging during the fiscal year 1930 restored the channel between Lake Winnepesaukee and Long Bay to full project dimensions. The costs of the existing project have been $7,500 for new work and $5,000 for maintenance, a total of $12,500. Expenditures have been $12,500. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is pro- posed during the fiscal years 1931 and 1932. Commercial staltistics.-There is very little commerce, the locality being almost exclusively a summer resort. Cost and financial sumtnary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------$7, 500. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 -------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 12, 500. 00 Net total expenditures.__------------------------------------12,500.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_______________________ 12, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-.......... Cost of maintenance----------------------I.-- -.----------------- .----. --- ----- ---- 00. Total expended--.--...-........ ...---- ____ -------------------------- ------- 5,000.00 A II^++ LoLtue...-- ...------ .---------- - ------------- I--------J-- 5,000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929------------------------------------------------$005,0 00.00 Gross amount expended--- ----------------------------------- 5,000. 00 11714---ENG 1930 -4 48 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 11. NEWBURYPORT HARBOR, MASS. Location and description.-Newburyport is on the south bank of Merrimack River, about 2.5 miles above the mouth and about 58 miles by water north of Boston. The river at this point is about one- fourth of a mile wide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 331.) Original condition.-The outlet of the Merrimack River, which between Plum Island and Salisbury Point was 1,000 feet wide and 30 feet deep at mean low water, was obstructed by a sand bar nearly a mile outside, through which in 1880 a narrow channel about 7 feet deep at mean low water was maintained by the current of the river. The channel from the bar up to Newburyport was of navigable width and had a depth of 9 feet at mean low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for two rubblestone jetties, each 15 feet wide on top at elevation 12 feet above mean low water, with slopes of 1 on 2 on the seaward face and 1 on 1 on the shoreward face; one projecting from the north shore 4,118 feet, the other from the south shore 2,445 feet, converging until 1,000 feet apart, and then extending seaward parallel to the axis of the channel for a distance of 1,000 feet; and for partially closing Plum Island Basin by a timber dike about 800 feet long and 5.5 feet above mean low water; the object being to create at the outer bar a parmanent channel 1,000 feet wide and at least 17 feet deep at mean low water, to enable ves- sels of such draft as can proceed at high tide to the wharves at Newburyport to enter the river at mean low water. The mean range of tide is 7.9 feet at the bar and 7.8 feet at Newburyport. The extreme range is about 9.1 feet at the bar and 8.8 feet at Newburyport. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1897, is $599,547.49. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880; and dredging through the bar, if found advisable, was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. The various features of the plan of improvement and its modifications are defined in Annual Reports of the Chief of Engineers for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1881, page 502; 1882, page 509; 1883, page 437; 1884, pages 494, 497; 1886, page 558; 1897, page 825; 1899, page 63; 1910, page 60. The latest published maps will be found in louse Document No. 339, Fifty-ninth Congress, second session, and in House Document No. 1813, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities consist chiefly of 14 wharves extending along a frontage of about 3,500 feet of the south bank of the Merrimack River below the highway bridge, and are all old structures of piles, or of stone walls or wooden bulkheads, filled solid. On the north side of the river is one small pile pier used for receipt and local distribution of petroleum and its products. The depth at mean low water at these wharves varies from 15 to 18 feet. Except for two small rowboat landings, none is publicly owned or open to general public use. RIVERS AND HARBORS--BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 49 The terminal facilities are considered adequate for existing com- inerce. (For a further description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done has resulted in increased facilities for navigation, and has rendered transportation by water practicable for vessels of deeper draft. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The north jetty was completed in 1914; the south jetty was completed, except for a length of about 30 feet at its outer end, in the fiscal year 1905. Plum Island Basin was closed during the fiscal year 1883. North Rock was removed in July, 1901. The timber dike has fallen into disrepair. The jet- ties are in serviceable condition but are not full section in all places. The project is regarded as about 97 per cent completed. The survey of December, 1921, indicated that 18 feet at mean low tide could be carried from the river out to the crest of the bar, over which there were about 13 feet at mean low tide. The bar consists of shifting sand, and conditions change rapidly and frequently. Expenditures have been $500,900, which amount was the cost of the existing project, $463,843.62 being for new work and $37,056.38 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is con- templated during the fiscal years 1931 and 1932. Commercial statistics.-Coal comprised 71 per cent of the water- borne tonnage for the calendar year 1929. The remaining tonnage was refined petroleum products. These commodities were delivered in barges of 10 to 14 feet draft. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925 ---------------------- 41, 943 $511,676 1928--...............---------------......---- 59, 203 $678, 516 1926 ---------------------- 34, 433 679, 957 1929------..... --------------- 51, 403 628, 013 1927----------------------45, 565 700, 826 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------ -------- $463, 843. 62 ,Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 37, 056. 38 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 500,900 00 iNet total expenditures_----------------__---__--__ 500, 900. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_---------------_____ 500, 900. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 'Cost of new work. ..-- C-ost of maintenance.-----................. $372.43 'Total expended............................ 372. 43 Allotted .............. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project .-------------------------------------------- $135, 700. 00 0 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY, 1930 12. GLOUCESTER HARBOR, MASS. Location and description.-This harbor, an important center for the fishing fleet of New England, is formed by a natural indentation of the coast line, protected at the entrance by a breakwater. The harbor is situated at the southern extremity of Cape Ann, about 23 miles northeast by water from Boston Harbor. The width at the mouth is about 11/2 miles and the length from that point to the head of the inner harbor is about 25/8 miles. The outer harbor has an area behind the breakwater of approximately 350 acres at the 18-foot contour and the inner harbor about 80 acres at the 12-foot contour. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 243.) Original condition.-The inner harbor, which had a depth suffi- cient for the largest ships, contained several very dangerous sub- merged rocks, and the outer harbor was entirely without protection against the sea on the south. Previous projects:--House Document No. 1491, Sixty-third Con- gress, third session, page 457, lists an appropriation of $6,000, act of March 3, 1823, but no record of its expenditure is found. Projects for removal of rocks from the harbor were adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 10, 1872, August 5, 1886, and June 3, 1896. The cost and expenditures on original projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1888) were $21,000, all for new work. For further details of previous projects: see page 1740 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides: (a) For a rubblestone breakwater, 2,250 feet long, surmounted by a super- structure of dry walls of heavy split stone inclosing a core of rubblestone, from Eastern Point over Dog Bar to Cat Ledge. (b) For the removal of three ledges in the inner harbor, one to 12 feet and two to 15 feet depth at mean low water, and five ledges in the outer harbor, four to 18 feet, and one to 25 feet depth at mean low water, aggregating a total of 2,206 cubic yards, place measurement. These grades correspond to the general depths available for navigation in the vicinity. (c) For removal to depth of 15 feet below mean low water of ledges and bowlders obstructing the approach to the wharves between Harbor Cove and Pews Wharf, near the head of the inner harbor; dredging to the same depthl of the channel leading past the wharves and dredging of Harbor Cove to the depth of 10 feet at mean low water. The mean range of tide is 8.9 feet. The extreme range is 12.6 feet. The estimates of cost for new work, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, were as follows: (a) For breakwater, $416,083.43, revised in 1902; (b) removal of eight ledges, $51,000, made in 1908; (c) for removal of ledges and bowlders and dredging, $65,000, made in 1887. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance of the breakwater is $1,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: (a) The act of August 18, 1894, provided for the breakwater from Easters Point to Round Rock Shoal (H. Ex. Doc. No. 56, 48th Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of June 13, 1902, authorized the termination on the breakwater at Cat Ledge; (b) the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the removal of eight ledges: (H. Doc. No. 1112, 60th Cong., 2d sess.) ; (c) the act of August 11, 1888, pro- vided for the removal of ledges and bowlders, and dredging (Annual Report for- 1887, p. 503). RIVERS AND HARBORS---BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 51 References to latest published maps: Project of 1888 for removal of ledges and bowlders and dredging, Annual Report for 1887, pages .504 and 506; project of 1894 for breakwater, and project of 1910 for ledge removal (H. Doc. No. 1112, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). Recommended modifications of project.- None. Local cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has deepened Harbor Cove to 15 feet below mean low water over the entire area 50 feet outside the wharf lines, has dredged a channel and basin 130 feet long, 30 feet wide, and 6 feet deep at mean low water from the 6-foot contour :at the northwesterly end of Harbor Cove to the public landing at the head of Harbor Cove; has dredged along the westerly side of Harbor Cove a channel 800 feet long, 60 feet wide, and 17 feet deep at mean low water, at a total cost of $25,155.04, and has dredged Smiths Cove in three areas to depth of 6, 10, and 14 feet at mean _low water, at a cost of $13,466.16. The Commonwealth has dredged a channel 16 feet deep at mean low water, varying in width from 200 feet at the outer end to 100 feet at the inner end, a distance of 2,400 feet, and also removed three ledges, one near Five Pound Island Beacon and two near the head of the harbor to a depth of 16 feet at mean low water at a total cost of $108,968.33. A channel parallel to the State harbor line on the East Gloucester side of the harbor and southerly from Five Pound Island, about 800 feet long 100 feet wide, and 12 feet deep at mean low water, has been dredged at a cost of $10,026.32, and $22,500 is to be expended by the Com- monwealth and $7,500 by the city of Gloucester this summer in ex- tension .of the channel to 1,900 feet and deepening it to 17 feet at mean low water. The Commonwealth has also dredged Annisquam Canal from Gloucester Harbor to Ipswich Bay, 8 feet deep at mean low water and of varying widths, 50 to 200 feet, at a total cost of $170,975.20. Terminal facilities.-There are in Gloucester Harbor 60 wharves worthy of mention, nearly all being of bulkhead and pile construc- tion. Of these, 47 are used by light-draft fishing vessels, 5 are at- tached to ship-repair yards, 5 are coal and lumber wharves, 2 are used for gasoline, and 1 is used for miscellaneous freight and pas- senger business. The depth beside the wharves varies from 0 to 18 feet at mean low water. None of the wharves has any railroad con- nection. Except for two wharves owned by the city, all are private, and are not available to the public. These facilities are considered adequate for the commerce of the port. (For a further description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done has resulted in greatly in- creased facilities for navigation and has rendered transportation by water easier for vessels of deeper draft. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1916 at a saving of $30,905 under the estimated cost. The removal of all ledges and bowlders between Harbor Cove and Pew's Wharf, and other obstructing rocks, was completed in 1896: the dredging of a channel in front of the wharves and in Harbor Cove 52 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 was completed in 1894, controlling depth as ascertained in 1908 being 15 feet at mean low water; and the removal of a pinnacle rock in the outer harbor in 1896; all at a cost of $66,681.65. The breakwater completed in 1905 has been built at a cost of $410,097.19 for new work and $16,004.16 for maintenance, a total of $426,101.35. The removal of all ledges was completed in 1916 at a cost of $24,400 for new work. The controlling depth over them as ascertained in 1916 are from 12 to 25 feet. The total costs under the existing project have been $501,178.84 for new work and $16,004.16 for maintenance,. $517,183 in all, and the expenditures have been the same. Proposed opertions.-No funds are available and no work is con- templated during the fiscal years 1931 and 1932. Commercial #tatistics.-Coal comprised 48 per cent of the water- borne tonnage for the calendar year 1929, fish and fish products. 36 per cent, and refined petroleum 9 per cent. Gloucester is a fishing port, and is visited by many small sailing or motor vessels of light drafts, but its water-borne tonnage shows a gradual decline. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925.......----------..----------- 91,739 $4, 698, 968 1928----------------------73, 552 $2,441, 987 1926 --------------------- 97, 704 2, 910, 951 1929 --------------------- 63, 984 2, 570, 27P. 1927 ..........--------------------- 89, 229 2,389,645 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 --------------------------- $522, 178. 84 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 16, 004. 16 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------538, 183. 00 Net total expenditures------------------ ------------------ 538, 183. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------------- 538,183. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.......... .- --.---.----- --------------- ------ Cost of m aintenance .......... ....... _ -. -.-.. . '-------. ---- ............-------- ------------ Total expended .. Allotted---- --- -------....-- ------------ --- -- ----- ------- 13. BEVERLY HARBOR, MASS. Location arnd description).-This harbor is a small indentation at the western end of Salem Bay and immediately adjacent to Salem Harbor on the south, from which it is separated by Salem Neck. It is formed by the confluence of the three branches of a tidal inlet called North River, Danvers River, and Beverly Creek, and is about three-eighths of a mile wide opposite the wharves. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 240.) Origia condition.---The harbor had a practicable channel 18 feet deep at mean low water extending from deep water at Monument Bar Beacon for about 1 mile to its head (about 600 feet below the RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 53 highway bridge), sufficient for the commerce of the harbor and of its three tributary streams, but the channel was circuitous. Previous projects.-These were adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 13, 1902, and March 2, 1907. The cost and expenditures on these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1919 were $48,482.35 for new work and $642.65 for maintenance, a total of $49,125. For further details of previous projects see page 1741 of Annual Report for 1915 and page 124 of Annual Report for 1918 under the heading " Existing project." Existing project.--This provides for a channel 24 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide, increased at entrance and curves, from deep water to the rock shoal near Essex Bridge. The mean range of tide is 9 feet; the extreme range is 12.7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1920 was $321,000, ex- clusive of amount expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 220, 63d Cong., 1st sess., as modified by R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 8, 63d Cong., 2d sess.), and the estimate, of cost was revised and the requiremeits as to local cooperation were. altered by a provision in the river and harbor act approved Septem- ber 22, 1922 (H. Com. Doc. No. 7, 66th Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 220, Sixty-third Congress,. first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The conditions imposed by the river and har- bor act approved September 22, 1922, are that before work is under- taken the following sums shall be deposited to the credit of the. Secretary of War: $50,000 from the Commonwealth of Massachu- setts, $25,000 from the city of Beverly, and $25,000 from the coal and oil or other local interests, and that the city of Beverly shall give evidence satisfactory to the Secretary of War that if and when needed it will furnish a suitable public wharf or terminal between Essex Bridge and Tucks Point, to be open to all water carriers on equal and reasonable terms. The requirements as to local coopera- tion have been fully complied with and met approval of the Secretary of War February 26, 1923. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has dredged in Beverly Creek a channel 6,500 feet long, 100 feet wide, and 9 feet deep at mean low water at a cost of $81,075.56. Terminal facilities.-On the north shore of the harbor below the bridges, with a total dockage of 1,609 feet, are seven wharves. One, a pile structure with dockage of 402 feet, is used for coal; one, of similar type, with a frontage of 430 feet is used for petroleum prod- ucts; these two wharves have railroad connection. The other wharves are small, of stone walls or wooden bulkheads filled solid, or of piles. Two are private coal wharves; one is publicly owned (by the city of Salem), and two others, in poor condition, are used intermittently by the public. On the south of Salem side are two wharves, one a private wharf used for receipt of coal and oil and one a small pier owned by the city of Salem, the former open to all cargoes on payment of wharf- age, the latter with no adequate depth of water. 54 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY, 1930 Above the Essex Bridge and beyond the scope of the improvement •are two small wharves of masonry wall, solid fill and pile extension, kone used as a boat runway. On the east side of Beverly Creek are two large lumber wharves of pile extension, a timber bulkhead and solid fill, with a total dockage of 824 feet; a coal wharf of similar construction with dockage of 175 feet; and a wharf of 60 feet front- .age, pile extension, timber bulkhead and solid fill, originally intended ifor the receipt of coal but at present used as a yacht-club landing. All of these are privately owned and not open to the general public. These facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a further description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.- The improvement has resulted in in- creased facilities for deep-draft navigation and fully meets the demands of commerce. Operations and results during fiscal. year.-None. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal ear.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1927 at a saving of $23,434.59 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth throughout the channel is 24 feet at mean low water. The cost and expenditures under the existing project have been $297,565.41, all for new work, of which $197,565.41 was from United States funds and $100,000 from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is con- templated during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as the channel is believed to be in condition to meet the requirements of the present traffic. Commercial statistics.-The portion of Beverly Harbor most ,directly served by the improvement is that below Essex Bridge. A :small portion of the commerce (780 tons, valued at $15,600 in 1929) passes through the improvement into Danvers River and Beverly Creek above the bridge, and is included in the comparative state- ment below. Above and below Essex Bridge coal comprised 41 per cent of the tonnage for the calendar year 1929, and petroleum prod- ucts 57 per cent. The usual loaded draft of oil tankers was reported as about 24 feet, of coal steamers from 19 to 26 feet, and of coal barges 16 feet. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value .....-..-.....- 1925---..... - 396,476 $5,830, 233 1928 ....------------ --------- 671, 665 $10,932, 664 .- 1926---.....---..------. 419, 023 7, 605, 830 1929-------- ------- ------ 699, 848 11, 897, 059 1927------______......................... 455,569 7,290,018 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------- ---------- $246, 047. 76 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------- -------- 642. 65 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 246, 690. 41 Net total expenditures--_,____--- - _ 246, 690. 41 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- '246, 690. 41 '1 Exclusive of $100,000 contributed funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 55 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work........---------------------$2, 229. 92 $65, 656. 46 $53, 480. 53 ------------ ------- Cost of maintenance-------...------------------------------------------------------- Total expended------------------------ 2, 229. 92 65, 656. 46 53, 480. 53 ..------------------- Allotted--------------------------------- ------- 500. 00 1, 600. 00 -$500. 00 ...---------- 14. SALEM HARBOR, MASS. Location and description.-Salem Harbor is at the western end of a deep indentation in the shores of Massachusetts Bay and about 12: miles by water to the northward of the entrance to Boston Harbor. The harbor inside the entrance at Naugus Head is 1/2 miles long and one-half mile wide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 240.) Original condition.-The harbor, from its entrance between Win- ter Island and Naugus Head, had a channel of ample width, 18 to 25 feet deep at mean low water, extending to within 2,500 feet of the entrance of South River at Derby Wharf Light, where for 1,500 feet the depth was 8 feet, and for the remaining 1,000 feet the channel was 6 feet in depth to Derby Wharf Light, narrowing to 25 feet in width. Thence in South River to the head of navigation, at Lafay- ette Street Bridge, a distance of about 3,000 feet, the low-water channel was less than 1 foot in depth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1873, and extended by the river and har- bor act of September 19, 1890. The total cost and expenditures prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1905 were $52,368.66. For further details of previous project see page 1741 of Annual Report for 1915. Ewisting project.-This provides for a channel 25 feet deep, 300- feet wide, and about 1,500 feet long, substantially as indicated by D on map in the project document, including the removal to the same depth of a shoal near Abbott Rock Beacon, and for a channel about one-half mile long, 10 feet deep at mean low water from that depth in the harbor to about opposite the outer end of Derby Wharf, 300 feet wide at the entrance, gradually narrowing to 200 feet. The mean range of tide is 9 feet. The extreme range is 12.7 feet. As a rule fluctuations due to wind or other causes do not materially affect navigation. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1930, is $51,500, exclu- sive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual maintenance is $2,400. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1905 (H. Doc. No. 303, 58th Cong., 2d sess.), provided for the 10-foot channel, and the act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 112, 70th Cong., 1st sess.), provided for the 25- foot channel. The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, pro- rides that local interests shall give assurances satisfactory to the 56 REPORT OF CUIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Secretary of War that they will dredge and maintain a connecting channel leading to the Salem Terminal Corporation's wharf, having a depth of not less than that provided in the Government channel, and that they will maintain suitable berthing space at the wharf to a depth of not less than 28 feet at mean low water. These require- ments have been complied with. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, between 1909 and 1915, im- proved South River from about opposite Derby Wharf Light to the head of navigation, so that there is now a dredged channel 10 feet deep at mean low water from the Federal channel near Derby Wharf Light to above Central Wharf, and thence 8 feet deep for a farther distance of 1,100 feet; having expended on this work $14,972.58 to June 30, 1930. Terminal facilities.-On the west shore of the harbor, outside the scope of Federal improvement, there are two large coal docks with modern handling plant-one of pile with timber bulkhead and one of masonry, solid fill, with pile platform. Both are owned by the Salem Terminal Corporation, and the development is reported to be the initial phase of what will be the construction of a superpower station by the same corporation. There are also one unused wharf and a stone breakwater, 1.480 feet long with 95 feet of dockage, protecting the entrance to South River. Local commerce is accommodated by six wharves bordering the channel of South River, chiefly of masonry walls solid filled. These wharves cover about 11/2 miles of front, have a total dockage of over 2,500 feet, and are chiefly used for the receipt of coal. One is a lumber wharf. None of the wharves in Salem Harbor or South River are publicly owned and none are open to general public use. On Salem Neck is a steamboat pier for summer passenger traffic only, owned by the city of Salem, but remote from the Federal channel. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-It is not believed that the improvement has resulted in any reduction in freight rates, but greatly improved facilities for navigation have been provided. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 23 per cent completed. The controlling depth in 1927 throughout the channel was 10 feet at mean low water. Work on the modified proj- ect adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, has not yet begun. The cost and expenditure under the existing project has been $19,000, of which $11,500 was for new work and $7,500 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is pro- posed during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931. The sum of $40,000 can be profitably expended for new work dur- ing the fiscal year 1932 in completing by contract the modification of the existing project adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 57 I)redgng 74,000 cubic yards of material, at 50 cents----------------- $37, 000 .Engineering and contingencies- -- - ____---------- 3, 000 Total __ ---------------------------------- 40, 000 Commercial statistics.-Coal comprised the entire water-borne ton- nage of the harbor for the calendar year 1929, carried in steamers of about 26 feet and barges of about 16 feet draft. The Salem terminal handled about 88 per cent of this traffic. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925-------_ 193, 010 $1, 314, 869 1928- .. . 212, 420 $1,394, 239 1926..-.-.----..__ -.------ _ 343, 047 2, 360, 697 1929.. -------------------- 495, 682 3, 141, 247 1927 --------------------- 461, 377 2, 840, 318 mary Cost and ftnancial sun Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------------- $63, 868. 66 C'ost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ---------------------------- 7, 500. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 71, 368. 66 Net total expenditures_ --------------------------------- 71, 368. 66 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------------------71, 368. 66 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 "1930 Cost of new work .............................................. Cost of maintenance................ ------------ . -..-------- ----....------------ --.......--.... 'Total expended- ..... - - - - - - - - - ___ - _ __ -------- ________- -- ---------- ----------- Allotted ...... ..------------------ ----- $500.00------------ -$500.00............ Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project____________________ _______ ____ $40, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for new work---------------------------------------40,000.00 15. LYNN HARBOR, MASS. Location and description.-Lynn Harbor, formed by a natural in- -dentation of the coast line, is distant about 14 miles by water in a northeasterly direction from Boston. It is about 3 miles in extent from north to south and has an average width east and west of about 11/2 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 240.) Original conditio.- Three narrow and crooked channels, in which the depth was but 6 feet at mean low water, extended from the sea to the wharves through flats, the greater part of which were bare at low water. Previous projects.-The original project for Lynn Harbor was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, and modified in 1884 and 1888. The western (Saugus River) channel project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, and the project for the main ship channel by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. (For further details of these projects see page 1742 of Annual 58 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Report for 1915.) The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, adopted a project for a channel 300 feet wide from the sea to the wharves and a turning basin to 500 feet square, all to the depth of 15 feet at mean low water. The costs and expenditures prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1930 were $471,937, of which $412,229.14 was for new work and $59,707.86 for maintenance. (For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1929,. page 51.) Ewisting project.-This provides for a channel 22 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide from deep water west of Bass Point, Nahant, to a turning basin 550 feet wide at the head of the harbor, and to straighten the curve in the approach to the turning basin. The mean range of tide is 9.2 feet, the extreme range is 13.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1930 is $615,500, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, which limits the expenditure on the existing project to $615,500. The latest published map is in River and Harbor Com- mittee Document No. 7, Seventy-first Congress, first session. Recommended modifictions of project.-None. Local cooperation.--The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, pro- vides that before prosecuting this work local interests shall give as- surances satisfactory to the Chief of Engineers and the Secretary of War that they will dredge and maintain a suitable channel of 22- foot depth, extending a distance of 4,800 feet westerly from the inner end of the Federal improvement. These requirements have not been complied with. In addition the Commonwealth of Massachusetts has dredged at the head of Lynn Harbor, immediately east of the Government turn- ing basin and channel, an anchorage basin to the depth of 6 feet at mean low water at a cost of $121,609.22; and a channel in Saugus River of the following dimensions: 12 feet deep at mean low water from the 12-foot contour in Broad Sound southerly from the Point of Pines to the Boston & Maine Railroad bridge, 250 feet wide through the bar at the entrance, 200 feet wide to a point just north of Point of Pines, then 100 feet wide to the Boston & Maine Railroad bridge; 18 feet deep at mean low water and 230 feet wide from this bridge westerly about 800 feet; .6 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide from said last point to Fox Hill Bridge at a cost of $184.276.70. The total amount expended by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts at this locality is put at about $306,000 of which about $39,500 is reported to have been contributed locally. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities lie around the basin at the head of the main ship channel, and consist of 7,500 feet of wharf frontage, mainly of stone or wooden bulkhead filled solid and partly of pile structures. On the west shore of the harbor is a large private coal and supply wharf of about 1,500 feet frontage, 800 feet of which has a depth of 26 feet at mean low water and is approached by a branch channel from the main ship channel, dredged by the owner to 17 feet at mean low water. On the north shore of the harbor are two wharves owned by the city of Lynn, one of masonry with pile platform, of 555 feet frontage, RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 59 and one of masonry without pile platform, of 115 feet frontage, both in poor condition and used for storage of street materials, etc. Westerly and adjacent to the property of the Lynn Gas and Elec- tric Co. the city of Lynn owns about 137 acres of land for which a water front and industrial development plan is being worked out. No wharves exist on the Saugus River channel within the scope of its improvement by the Federal Government. Immediately above the Boston & Maine Railroad bridge, about 1.5 miles above the mouth of the river, is a wharf with about 516 feet frontage on the north bank of the river. This wharf consists of a pile and timber bulkhead filled solid, with pile platform extension. At a point about 1,500 feet farther up the river, immediately below the Salem- Lynn turnpike bridge, on the north bank, is a pile wharf with about 175 feet frontage; and about three-fourths of a mile above this bridge, on the north bank, in the town of Saugus, is a large wharf consisting of wooden bulkhead and earth dike filled solid and having a frontage of about 500 feet; but neither wharf is in use for water- borne freight. All the wharves in Lynn Harbor and Saugus River except the city wharves are privately owned and are not open to general public use. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a further description of terminal facilities see H. Doec. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The deepening of the channel to 15 feet enables the smaller barges to carry full cargoes of coal to the wharves at all stages of the tide and barges of the greatest draft during the higher stages. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done under the existing project and no expenditure has been made. A survey of the location covered by the project made in 1929 indicated a con- trolling depth of 15 feet at mean low water. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is proposed during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931. The sum of $150,000 can be profitably expended on the existing project during the fiscal year 1932 for commencing work under contract, as follows: Dredging 460,000 cubic yards of material, at 30 cents-- ---------- $138, 000 Engineering and contingencies ------------------------ 12, 000 Total------------------- ------ --- 150, 000 Commercial statistics.-Duringthe calendar year 1929, coal com- prised 82 per cent; sand, 15 per cent; lumber and gas oil, 3 per cent, of the water-borne tonnage. No vessel draft greater than 22 feet was reported. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925--.-.... -.. . - . . 244, 241 $1, 718, 545 1928-.- - 294, 553 $1, 781,526 1926-...... 287, 818 2, 359, 371 1929-......................... 355, 902 2, 073, 307 1927 ......- 324, 786 1, 897, 441 60 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and fenamtial summnary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $412, 229.14 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_-------------------------- 59, 707.86. Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 471, 937. 00 Net total expenditures------------------------- ---- 471, 937. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- 471, 937. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ----------------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance---------------------------- ------------ $300. 00 ------------------- - - - ............ Total expended_ ..... ..... 300. 00 Allotted----------------------- --------------- $300. 00----------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------ ----------------- -------------- $615, 500. 06 Amount' that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for new work 000. 00 1---------------------------- 16. MYSTIC RIVER, MASS. Location and description.-This river rises in Mystic Lakes, Mass., flows in a southeasterly direction, and empties into Boston Harbor near the Charlestown Navy Yard. It is 7 miles in length and is a tidal stream for about 5 miles above its mouth to Craddock Bridge, Medford, the head of commercial navigation, where it is closed by a dam forming a pond in the metropolitan park system. No records of discharge, etc., are available. The river between the two sections. under improvement has a natural channel sufficient for commerce. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 248 and U. S. Geological Survey Chart "Boston.") Original condition.-The river up to Island End River (a dis- tance of 2,700 feet) had a narrow channel 14.4 feet deep at mean low water, but so narrow above the Chelsea (north) drawbridge as to be barely practicable. Above Island End River there was a prac- ticable channel 6 feet deep at mean low water to Dennings Landing, about 4 miles above the mouth in Boston Harbor, and 4 feet deep at mean low water about 2,000 feet farther. Previous projects.-The original project for the lower Mystic was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, and curtailed by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. The cost and expendi- tures on the original project prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1910) were $125,723.20 for new work and $10,281.92 for maintenance, a total of $136,005.12. For further details of previous project see page 1743 of Annual Report for 1915. There has been no previous project for the upper Mystic. Ewisting project.-This provides for (a) a channel 30 feet deep at mean low water from the mouth of Island End River through the Chelsea (north) Bridge to the 35-foot channel of Boston Harbor, about one-half mile, 600 feet wide at the upper end, and gradually narrowing to 300 feet wide at the lower end, and widening of the. entrance channel leading to Mystic Wharf. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS,, DISTRICT 61 (b) A channel 6 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from the Boston & Maine Railroad (western division) bridge to about 2,500 feet above Wellington Bridge, about 1 mile, and thence 4 feet deep at mean low water, gradually narrowing from 100 feet to 50 feet at the upper end for about 2 miles to the head of naviga- tion at Craddock Bridge in Medford. The mean range of tide is 9.6 feet. The extreme range is 13.7 feet. The estimates of cost, exclusive of amounts expended under pre- vious projects, were (a) for new work in the lower Mystic, $172,000, made in 1908; the latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500; (b) for new work in the upperMystic, $25,000, made in 1891; the latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: (a) The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the improve- ment of the lower Mystic (H. Doc. No. 1086, 60th Cong., 2d sess.); (b) the act of July 13, 1892, provided for the improvement of the upper Mystic (Annual Report for 1891, p. 672). A map showing the entire river is published in House Document No. 2108, Sixty- fourth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has dredged to the depth of 30 feet at mean low water the area known as the Middle Ground, lying between the Federal 30-foot channel and Mystic Wharf; a channel 600 feet wide and 30 feet deep at mean low water from Island End River, .the head of the Federal 30-foot channel, to a point 2,800 feet up the river; and from this point a channel 200 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean low water for a further distance of 2,000 feet. The above work was done at a cost of approximately $410,000. Maintenance cost on the above work has been $16,661.60. Terminal facilities.-In the section of the river benefited by the 30-foot channel project and the extension of that depth created by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts there are on the south bank of the river four wharves aggregating over 4,000 feet of berthing- space used for the receipt, storage, and shipment of coal, lumber, and gypsum. These wharves consist of substantial stone or wooden bulk- heads, filled solid and in some cases fronted by pile platforms. There- is also on the south bank a lumber terminal, the largest of its kind on the Atlantic coast. It is equipped with the most modern mechan- ical appliances, has railroad connection, and occupies 4,400 feet of water front. On the north bank of the river within the scope of this improvement there is a large wharf for receipt and shipment of oil on an extensive scale; immediately adjacent to this wharf is an extensive terminal constructed in connection with recently estab- lished iron works; on the west bank of Island End River, which flows into Mystic River on the north at the head of the 30-foot channel, are situated two large terminal wharves, of 800 feet dockage, for receipt and shipment of coal, coke, tar, and oil. These wharves are connected with the 30-foot channel by a channel 24 feet deep at meani low water dredged by private interests. None of the above wharves is publicly owned, and none is open to general public use. 62 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Beyond the scope of the 80-foot channel improvement, and ap- proaching and within the scope of the improvement of the upper Mystic, there are on the south bank in Charlestown and Somerville about 1,850 feet, and on the north bank in Medford about 1,235 feet of available dockage, of which 450 feet on the south bank and 435 feet on the north bank are customarily in use. A large automobile assembly plant is located on the south bank in Somerville. The existing wharves consist of stone and wooden bulkheads, solid filled. None is publicly owned, but two are open to the public on payment of wharfage charges. The capacities of the lower Mystic are being utilized to a gratifying extent. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a further description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652. 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has been of great ad- vantage to shipping interests in permitting the use of larger vessels, especially as to the lower Mystic, where the deepest draft tankers and coal steamers enter at mean low water. As to the upper Mystic, the benefits have not been so great, due to the narrow and crooked channel and the difficulty in securing barges adapted to the conditions. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1914 at a saving of $41,573 under the estimated cost. To adapt the project to the openings in the draw span of the new bridge built by the city of Boston, the channel above the bridge was widened along the western edge; this work was completed in 1914. In 1916 the channel was cleared of shoals, restoring a controlling depth of 30 feet at mean low water. A channel of the projected dimensions was completed in the upper Mystic in 1906. A survey in 1916 showed that the portion of the channel normally 6 feet deep had an available depth of about 4.5 feet at mean low water, and that while the portion of the channel normally 4 feet deep had that depth throughout its length, the width had been contracted by caving of the banks. A sur- vey made in May, 1930, indicated that the controlling depth in the lower Mystic is 30 feet at mean low water. The total cost and expenditures under the existing project have been $170,679.72, of which amount $141,634.84 was for the lower Mystic, $126,632.03 being for new work and $15,002.81 for mainte- nance, and $29,044.88 was for the upper Mystic, $28,794.88 being for new work and $250 for maintenance. Proposed operation.-No funds are available and no work is pro- posed during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931. An examination of the channel indicates that no maintenance world is necessary. No funds can, therefore, be profitably experided during., the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-Coal comprised 39 per cent of the water- borne tonnage for the calendar year 1929; crude and fuel oil 37 per cent; sugar 4 per cent; iron ore and pig iron 4 per cent; lumber 5 per cent. The usual drafts of coal steamers are 20 to 26 feet, of coal barges 16 to 18 feet, of oil tankers 26 to 28 feet, and of sugar steamers 18 to 20 feet. RIVERS AND HARIBORS---BOSTON, MASS., .DISTRICT 63 Comparative statement Year Tons 1 Value 1 Year Tons 1 Value I 1925------- ------------- 3, 139, 999 $32, 996, 372 1928-------------------....................... 4, 459, 044 $53, 508, 771 1926.------- ------------- 3, 443, 057 35, 552, 337 1929 - ..------------------- 5,424, 059 58, 934, 178 1927-------------------....................... 3, 676, 464 36, 962, 687 1 Exclusive of through traffic to Island End and Malden Rivers. Water-borne freight for Malden and Island End Rivers, which passes through the lower Mystic, is not included in the above state- ment. This amounted in 1929 to $2,071,738 short tons, valued at $13,334,970. Cost and financial sumnmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 - __-----------$281, 150. 11 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------------25, 534. 73 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 306, 684. 84 Net total expenditures-----------------------------------------306, 684. 84 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------------306, 684. 84 Fiscal yedr ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .........- Cost of m aintenance -- -- - - - - - - - - - ----- -- - - - -- -- - Total expended............ Allotted.... 17. MALDEN RIVER, MASS. For a full description of the existing project, which is completed, see Annual Report for 1922, page 146. The project was completed in 1921 at a saving of $6,834 under the estimated cost. No expendi- tures have been made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, no work is now proposed, and no estimate is submitted; no reports have been received that the project is otherwise than in a satisfactory condition. It provided navigation facilities at the time the improve- ment was turned over to the Commonwealth for maintenance in August, 1921. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-__----------- _____$104, -___-- 853. 08 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_-- ---------. __ __--__ 45, 096.92 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 -------------- 49, 950. 00 Net total expenditures- -___-----.- ---.... . Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 __....__ 149, 950. 00 __ 1149, 950.00 _-- Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of aintenance--- ------------ ---------------------------------- Total expended-----------... .. -- ...--------------.------------------------ Tllotted. ---.... --..------------.------------ .. -----------------..... 1Does not include $62,000 contributed funds. 11714---ENG 1930----5 64 - REPORT OF. CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 18. BOSTON HARBOR, MASS. Location. and description.-This harbor includes all the expanse of tidewater lying within a line from Point Allerton to Point Shirley, and extending from that line westward to the mainland. This com- prises an area of about 47 square miles, exclusive of the islands. The distance from the Point Allerton-Point Shirley line to the Charles- town Navy Yard (via the 35-foot channel) is about 7 miles. Tribu- tary to the harbor and included in its improvements are: (1) Chelsea Creek, which begins in the town of Revere and flows in a southerly direction and westerly for about 4.5 miles, emptying into Boston Harbor at the Meridian Street Bridge. From its mouth to the head of navigation at Slade's Spice Mill dam it is a little less than 3 miles in length and is tidal. Above the dam the creek is a surface drainage brook, extending about 1.5 miles inland through a closely settled area. Records of discharge, etc., are not available. (2) Fort Point Channel, which is a tidal inlet connecting the tidal basin of South Bay with Boston upper harbor. The channel is about 1.25 miles long, and its general direction of flow is northeast- erly and southwesterly. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 246.). Original condition.-The headlands and islands were without pro- tection against the sea, which was extensively eroding them. Rocks obstructed the entrance to the lower main ship channel, which was 23 feet deep at mean low water, with a least width of 150 feet. The upper main ship channel from President Roads to Boston had a least depth of 18 feet at mean low water, with a least width of 100 feet. The channel from President Roads through Broad Sound had a least depth of 29 feet at mean low water, with a least width of 200 feet. Chelsea Creek had a depth of about 8 feet at mean low water from its mouth to about three-fifths of a mile from the head of navigation, at Slade's Spice Mill dam, in Revere, and of about 3 feet beyond. Fort Point Channel originally had a depth varying from a few feet at the head of the channel at Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, to 23 feet at mean low water at the mouth. Previous projects.-The project for the 23-foot main ship channel was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1867. To this project were added from time to time, by provisos in the following river and harbor acts, projects for improvement of minor channels within or tributary to the harbor; Nantasket Beach Channel, acts of June 14, 1880, and September 19, 1890; Jeffries Point Channel, act of September 19, 1890; and Charles River, act of June 14, 1880. The total cost and expenditures were $1,355,698.93 for new work, of which $139,064.51 was applied to the Nantasket Beach and Jeffries Point Channels and Charles River, and the balance, $1,216,634.42, to the 23-foot channel. For further details of previous projects see page 1743 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.--This provides for a channel 40 feet deep in general, but 45 feet deep through rock, from the sea to President Roads through Broad Sound, 2 miles, 900 feet wide except at the outer end where it is widened to 1,100 feet; a channel 35 feet deep from the sea (along the same line as the 40-foot channel) through Broad Sound to the navy yard at Charlestown and the Chelsea RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 65 Bridge and Charles River Bridge, 1,500 feet wide from the sea to President Roads, 1.5 miles, and thence 1,200 feet wide for the remain- ing distance of 6 miles; a channel 2 miles long, 30 feet deep, and 1,200 feet wide from the sea to President Roads through Broad Sound by a less direct route than the 35 and 40 foot channels; a channel 27 feet deep and 1,000 feet wide from Nantasket Roads to President Roads, 3 miles; a channel 15 feet deep, 300 feet wide, and 550 feet long through the bar which extends from the north head of Long Island to Nixes Mate Shoal, known as Nixes Mate or Nubble Channel; a channel in Chelsea Creek 25 feet deep and 150 feet wide, from the Meridian Street Bridge, at the head of the 35-foot channel in Boston Harbor, to the old East Boston (Chelsea Street) Bridge, a distance of about seven-eighths of a mile, and a channel about 1 mile in length next below the head of navigation, 8.4 feet deep and 150 feet wide, the lower end of this channel being about 2 miles above the mouth of the river; the Fort Point Channel, 23 feet deep and 175 feet wide from its entrance in Boston Harbor, about four- fifths of a mile to near the Dorchester Avenue (old Federal Street) Bridge; and sea walls of coursed stone and riprap protecting the most exposed headlands and islands. All depths are referred to mean low water. The mean range of tide is 9 feet at Boston Light and 9.6 feet in the upper harbor, in Chelsea Creek, and in Fort Point Channel. The extreme range is about 4 feet greater. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, exclusive of amount expended under previous projects and of sea walls for which no estimate was given, is $10,925,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $81,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1825, provided for the preservation of the islands by sea walls; the act of August 5, 1886, provided for Fort Point Channel (H. Ex. Doc. No. 206, 48th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 13, 1892, provided for the 27-foot channel (see p. 766 of Annual Report for 1893) ; the act of June 3, 1896, provided for the channel in upper Chelsea Creek (H. Ex. Doc. No. 162, 53d Cong., 3d sess.); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the 35-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 119, 56th Cong., 2d sess.), the estimate differing from any in that document, owing to the different widths of the channels adopted; and the omission from the project of the removal of Finns Ledge, at the outer entrance, was authorized by the Chief of Engi- neers March 11, 1913; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the channel in lower Chelsea Creek (H. Doc. No. 272, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the 40-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 931, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). References to latest published maps: Sea walls and Nixes Mate Channel, page 1178 of Annual Report for 1911; 27, 30, 35, and 40 foot channels, House Document No. 931, Sixty-third Congress, sec- ond session; upper Chelsea Creek, House Executive Document No. 162, Fifty-third Congress, second session; lower Chelsea Creek, House Document No. 272, Sixty-second Congress, second session; Fort Point Channel, location shown on map facing page 770 of the Annual Report for 1903. Recommended modifications of project.-None. 66 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Local cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law in connection with the main ship channels. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has voluntarily dredged an anchorage basin 30 feet deep at mean low water, about 1 mile long and 1,000 feet wide, off Bird Island Flats northwesterly from Governors Island and imme- diately adjoining the 35-foot channel, at a cost of about $513,000; has embarked upon a project which includes filling the flats extend- :ing southeasterly from East Boston, as well as dredging channels and basins, upon which approximately $2,900,000 has now been ex- pended; has filled an extensive area of the flats at South Boston with material secured by dredging; has dredged an approach channel 950 feet long and 200 feet wide from the 35-foot channel to Piers 1 and 2 of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad; has expended a large sum in dredging minor channels and approaches to wharves; and has lowered, under its appropriation of $75,000 in 1913 (see H. Doc. No. 272, 62d Cong., 2d sess.), the 24-inch water main of the Metropolitan water system, which crosses Chelsea Creek about 800 feet above the Meridian Street Bridge. In Chelsea Creek the city of Boston in 1913 dredged through the south draw passage of Meridian Street Bridge an area 100 feet wide and 260 feet long; and adjacent to this area, above the bridge, an irregular area 100 feet wide at the downstream end and narrowing to 50 feet wide upstream, 470 feet long, at depths of 30 and 25 feet at mean low water, respec- tively. The Mexican Petroleum Corporation and the Common- wealth of Massachusetts have dredged jointly an irregular area in Chelsea Creek immediately above the Boston & Albany Railroad bridge, 2,000 feet long, 500 feet greatest width, 25 feet deep at mean low water, with a channel of the same depth and 60 feet wide con- necting this area with the Government channel immediately below Chelsea Street Bridge, at a total cost of $111,491.53. Under the State accounting system it is impracticable to definitely state detailed costs of all the various items of cooperation by the Commonwealth, but it may be said that the total, exclusive of wharf construction, etc., has been about $12,115,000. Terminal facilities.-The wharf development of Boston Harbor lies westerly of Governors and Castle Islands. Bordering on the 35-foot channel and below all bridges there is about 4 miles of water front, fully developed with wharves of various types devoted to com- mercial purposes; and on the Charlestown shore is located the United States navy yard, with a frontage of about five-eighths of a mile. Easterly of the wharf development on the East Boston front the Commonwealth of Massachusetts has under development an extensive area of shore frontage which will ultimately include a system of large modern piers, extensive manufacturing and storage areas, and com- plete railroad connections. Only a portion of the bulkheading and filling has been done on this development to date. On the back portion of this development the Boston Airport has been established. At the easterly end of the East Boston water front are a few small wharves of temporary character for miscellaneous commercial pur- poses, then, extending westerly, are a 10,000-ton floating dry dock of modern type, three small dry docks, and a ferry wharf used by a roalroad. Northerly of the last described wharves, on a frontage of about 1,600 feet, are three large piers and two small piers belonging to the Boston & Albany Railroad. These are piers partly of pile RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS.; DISTRICT 67 and partly of solid fill, of modern construction, capable of accommo- dating the largest type of trans-Atlantic liner utilizing the port, and with berths of a maximum length of about 780 feet. Again, northerly, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts owns a site developed to about one-half its capacity by the construction of an overseas pier. This pier and the Boston & Albany wharves have direct railroad connection. Farther north along the frontage there are two large wharves with railroad connection, one with depth sufficient to dock large vessels. For the remainder of the distance to the Meridian Street Bridge, about 1.12 miles, the wharf frontage lacks railroad connection, and the wharves are of more or less temporary character, and generally with depths of water sufficient only to accommodate the smaller class of coastwise vessels. In this area there is a large floating dry dock, and two wharves with 18 to 31 feet depth used for laying up vessels. All these wharves except the Commonwealth Pier are privately owned; the Commonwealth Pier and the Boston & Albany wharves are open to the general public on equal terms. Bordering Chelsea Creek, a subsidiary channel of the upper har- bor, within the scope of Federal improvements and in the section improved to a depth of 25 feet at mean low water, there are on the south side about 3,300 feet of wharves with depths of 10 to 30 feet, not generally used for commercial purposes, but on this side for a distance of about 1,200 feet at the upper end of this 25-foot channel is located a large storage and distributing plant for petroleum and its products, the wharf consisting of stone bulkheads filled solid with pile pier in advance. Along the north side of the channel there are about 5,000 feet of wharf frontage, consisting principally of stone and wooden bulk- heads filled solid, and some small pile piers. Most of these wharves accommodate only light-draft coastwise traffic. On this front is also located a shipbuilding and repair yard with marine railways. On the upper section of Chelsea Creek within the scope of the improve- ment to 8.4 feet depth at mean low water there are on the south bank three wharves, one consisting of stone bulkheads filled solid and two of pile structures, used for the receipt of coal and building material and for city sanitary purposes. On the north bank directly above the Boston & Albany Railroad bridge, in the area dredged by the State and private interests there is a frontage of about 1,500 feet of wooden bulkhead filled solid, with pile piers in advance, for receipt and distribution of fuel oil, which is served by tankers of the largest class. All the wharves on Chelsea Creek, except a wharf of the Lighthouse Department, are privately owned and are not open to general public use. At the head of the 35-foot channel on the Chelsea water front, in a length of about 2,000 feet, there are several small wharves of insignificant value, one large coal wharf, and a shipbuilding and repair yard with large marine railway. At the eastern end of the Charlestown water front, extending west- erly into Charlestown for about five-eighths of a mile, is the south channel of the Mystic River, bordered on the north by a stone bulk- head, filled solid and faced with pile platform, of the Mystic Wharf of the Boston & Maine Railroad, having complete railroad connection 68 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. AIRMY, 1930 and berths of generally about 18 feet depth, accommodating coast- wise vessels, and one berth at its outer end of about 33 feet depth. accommodating large transfer barges. On the south side for about three-eighths of a mile below its upper end this channel is bordered by small wharves of less depth, accommodating small coasting ves- sels. These wharves are generally of stone bulkhead, privately owned, and not open to general public use. Also on the Charlestown front and easterly of the United States navy yard are two large piers with a frontage of about 1,400 feet on the channel and depths generally from 28 to 35 feet, fitted to handle trans-Atlantic commerce. Westerly of the navy yard, for a frontage of about 1,400 feet, there are three large piers accommodating trans- Atlantic commerce, with depths of 30 to 35 feet; the longest berths being about 700 feet. These wharves consist of stone bulkheads filled solid and with pile platform extensions. Along the wharf front of Boston proper, about 1.25 miles in ex- tent, the wharves are practically all devoted to miscellaneous com- inerce of the coastwise traffic. The depth of water at the wharves is limited to a maximum of about 25 feet at mean low water, and gen- erally the berths are of too limited length to accommodate trans- Atlantic vessels. These wharves are connected to the two principal railroad systems on the north and south sides of the city by a belt- line railroad passing through the streets. They consist generally of stone or wooden bulkheads filled solid and faced with pile platforms and are all privately owned and not open to the general public on equal terms, with the exception of a frontage of about 500 feet, which is owned by the city of Boston and used for park and recrea- tion purposes, and a shorter frontage used by the United States appraisers' stores. Bordering Fort Point Channel, a subsidiary channel of the upper harbor, within the scope of Federal improvement there is on its east- ern side about 4,000 feet of wharf frontage devoted to commercial purposes. These wharves consist principally of stone bulkheads, with berths generally of depths sufficient to accommodate only coast- wise vessels, only one berth taking ocean vessels. On the westerly side of the channel there is commercial development only for a dis- tance of about 1,000 feet of wharf frontage, consisting of stone bulk- heads, including one wharf of about 157 feet frontage owned by the city of Boston and used for loading garbage scows. The remainder of this shore is bordered by an important highway of the city. Above the scope of the Federal improvement, along the west and south shores of South Bay, and bordering a channel 12 feet deep, dredged by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, there is a frontage of about 5,700 feet devoted to small wharves, consisting of stone and wooden bulkheads, for shoal-draft coastwise trade, principally of coal, lum- ber, and other building materials. Of this wharf frontage the city of Boston owns about 1,542 feet, used for sanitary, highway, and sewer department work. The easterly shore of this bay is occupied entirely by railroad yards and is without wharf development for commercial purposes. All the wharves on Fort Point Channel and South Bay except the city wharves are privately owned. Three are open to the general public on payment of wharfage charges and one is a public warehouse. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 69 On the South Boston front a large territory of flats is at present under development. In a length of about one-half mile easterly from the mouth of Fort Point Channel there are three large piers consisting of stone bulkheads filled solid, all capable of accommodat- ing trans-Atlantic traffic and all having direct railroad connection. These piers are privately owned and are open to the general public on equal terms. Next east is a large pier of modern construction with two berths, each 1,200 feet long, and a depth of 40 feet at mean low water, owned by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, fitted with appliances for expeditious handling of cargo and open to general public use. Next east lies a large pier devoted to the fishing interests of the port, owned by the Comomnwealth of Massachusetts and leased to fishing corporations; and still farther east are three small piers of a temporary character. At the easterly end of the de- velopment, between the main ship channel and the Reserved Channel, there has been constructed by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and sold to the Navy Department a dry dock having a length over all of 1,166 feet on the bottom, with width of entrance on top 133 feet and on bottom 109.66 feet, and depth over keel blocks at mean high water of 42.33 feet. On the south side of the Reserved Channel, on a frontage of about seven-eighths mile, extend wharves consisting of stone and wooden bulkheads, filled solid, and pile structures, all privately owned and not open to general public use. They receive coal, lumber, etc., of the coastwise traffic. On the north side of this channel, on a front- age of about 1 mile and with a depth of from 30 to 35 feet, are the extensive stores and wharf of the Army base, with rail connection and modern equipment, serving both coastwise and foreign traffic. The terminal facilities of Boston Harbor are considered adequate for ex- isting commerce, and ample space exists for extension to meet future demands. (For a further description of terminal facilities see H.. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 2, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of irnprovement.-The completion of the 35-foot channel has permitted the establishment of new trans-Atlantic steamship lines. Between 1902 and 1915-the commencement and completion of the improvement-steamships using this port increased in carrying ca- pacity from 4,500 to 6,000 tons dead weight to 8,000 to 12,000 tons and drawing from 29 to 33 feet fully loaded. In general, the maximum drafts of foreign passenger liners are about 26 to 30 feet; of oil tank- ers, 29 feet; and of other freight steamers, 28 feet. The Leviathan (entering and leaving at high water for repairs) draws 36 to 38 feet. Vessel drafts of such depths were not practicable, and in some cases were impossible, before the 35-foot channel was secured. Operations and results during fiecal year.-Dredging under con- tract in the North Broad Sound entrance channel to 40 feet at mean low water was in progress from September 10, to October 8, 1929. Operations were confined to a short reach of channel at the outer end and to the removal of shoals throughout the channel. Forty-one thousand seven hundred and seventy-three cubic yards, scow measure- ment, of material were dredged and deposited at sea. Additional operations included field examinations of the various channels in order to keep track of actual conditions, supervision of the extensive harbor, examination into and issuance of numerous wharf permits, 70 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 investigation of complaints, and the general administration in the interests of navigation of this large harbor and its channels of ap- proach as well as maintenance of a small floating plant. The cost was $47,405.70, of which $30,410.80 was for new work and $16,994.90 for maintenance. The expenditure was $49,776.90. Condition at end of fisecal year.-The existing project is about 99 per cent completed. Dredging of the 40-foot channel to complete the project is about 99 per cent completed. Under the existing project sea walls of a total length of about 3.75 miles have been built and are being maintained on Great Brewster, Lovells, Gallups, Long, Rainsford, Deer, and Georges Islands, and on Point Allerton. Some of the walls are in need of repairs. The costs of the sea walls amount to $1,307,567.78, of which $1,263,022.85 was for new work and $44,- 544.93 for maintenance. The Nixes Mate or Nubble Channel was completed in 1892, the 30-foot channel in 1905, the 27-foot channel in 1907, the upper channel in Chelsea Creek in 1907, Fort Point Channel in 1909, the 35-foot channel in 1915, and the lower channel in Chelsea Creek in 1916. The total costs of these channels have been $9,118,714.59 for new work and $748,765.29 for maintenance, or $9,867,479.88 in all. For details see Annual Report for 1917, page 81. Cost of the 40-foot channel has been $545,761.32 for new work. The condition of the 35-foot channel, as ascertained during the fiscal year 1925, was as follows: From the sea through Broad Sound to President Roads there was an available navigable depth of 35 feet at mean low water, but Finns Ledge, the removal of which has been omitted from the project, narrows the entrance to about 950 feet, the width of the natural channel. From President Roads to the South Boston wharves there was an available navigable depth of 35 feet at mean low water. Thence to Chelsea Bridge in Mystic River and Meridian Street Bridge in Chelsea Creek, the channel has shoaled in some places to the extent of 3 feet. These are apparently soft mud and not serious. The controlling depth of Fort Point Channel, as ascertained in 1925, is 22 feet at mean low water; of upper Chelsea Creek in 1921, 8 feet; lower Chelsea Creek in 1925, 24 feet; and of Nixes Mate Chan- nel in 1925, 15 feet. The total costs under the existing project have been $12,075,647.67, of which $10,927,498.76 was for new work and $1,148,148.91 for maintenance. The total expenditures have been $12,087,359.21. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1930, $51,804.44, to completing the contract dredg- ing in North Board Sound entrance channel, for examinations to determine conditions of the various channels included in the existing project, such minor repair to sea walls as may become necessary, and maintenance of office and small floating plant. It is expected that the contract work will be completed by August 31, 1930, and that all funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The sum of $32,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 for examinations to determine condition of the existing project, including such minor repairs to sea walls as may become necessary, and maintenance of office and small floating plant. Commercial statistics.-A comparison o'f the principal articles of water-borne freight, both foreign and domestic, received and shipped RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 71 at the port of Boston during both 1928 and 1929, including local freight movement, is shown below. In this tabulation the port of Boston includes the main waterfront of Boston Harbor, the Mystic, Malden, and Island End Rivers, Chelsea Creek, Fort Point Channel, Little Mystic, and Charles Rivers, Dorchester Bay and Neponset River, Weymouth Fore and Town Rivers, and Weymouth Back River. Calendar year 1928 Calendar year 1929 Commodities Percent- Percent- Short tons total port Short tons total port tonnage tonnage Coal------------------ ------------------------ 7, 012, 273 40. 6 7, 592, 017 39. 8 Crude andfueloil ---------------------------------- 3, 316, 873 19. 2 4, 322, 406 22. 6 All other oils, including refined petroleum products-_,-.- 1, 275, 527 7. 3 1,355, 957 7. 1 Sugar--------------- ------------------------------ 257, 496 1. 4 443, 588 2. 3 Chemicals, including fertilizer and fertilizer materials-....- 290, 267 1.6 280, 154 1.4 Grain and flour------------------------------------ 192, 561 1.1 161, 260 .8 Textiles, including wool, cotton, burlaps, etc ---------- --- 483, 151 2.7 458, 308 2.4 Wood and paper, including wood pulp------------------- 870, 386 5. 0 983, 647 4. 9 Sand and gravel ------------------------------------- 845, 575 4. 8 613, 267 3. 2 General and unclassified cargo ------------------------ 1, 200, 978 6. 9 1,362,142 7. 1 The usual loaded drafts of coal steamers in the harbor are 20 to 28 feet; of oil tankers 26 to 30 feet; of sugar steamers 18 to 21 feet; and of steam lighters transporting sand and gravel about 10 feet. Coal barges do not ordinarily exceed 18 feet in draft; a few large barges draw more. For detailed tabulation of all vessel drafts see Volume II of this report. Comparative statement Year Tons Approximate Year Tons Approximate value value 1925----------------- 15, 209, 620 $1, 203, 222, 686 1928......---------------- 17, 266,162 $974,208, 574 1926----------------- 15, 784, 102 993, 839,848 1929.....---------------- 19, 065, 050 999, 683, 062 1927--....--------------- 16, 599, 103 1,056, 891, 407 During the calendar year a- freight service of five steamers was begun between Boston, Tampa, Mobile, and New Orleans. No other important changes occurred in domestic or foreign vessel lines. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------- $12, 283, 197. 69 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 1, 148, 148.91 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----- ____ 13, 431, 346. 60 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930--------- 13, 438.37 Net total cost to June 30, 1930---____--.....__ 13, 444, 784. 97 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_.-. __ __ _______- - 1, 726. 83 Net total expenditures--------------------------- 13, 443, 058. 14 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------- 51, 804. 44 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------- - 13, 494, 862. 58 72 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-....... __ . _---------$9,682.62 $130, 254.22 $190, 427.28 $200, 980.07 $30,410.80 Cost of maintenance_-... ...------------- 44, 030. 10 28, 834. 66 30, 312. 99 28, 603. 41 16, 994. 90 Total cost_-_.-- ---------- .. __...- 53, 712. 72 159, 088. 88 220, 740. 27 229, 583. 48 47, 405. 70 Total expended__-.......------------- --- 53, 712. 72 159, 088. 88 185, 606. 50 255, 513. 66 49, 776. 90 Allotted_.-_ --------------------- ____ 115, 000. 00 150, 000. 00 50, 760. 00 50, 000. 00 55, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ------------------ - $46, 581.34 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------_ $35, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930_ 20, 000. 00 55, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for1------------------------------ 01, 581. 34 Gross amount expended----------------------------- $50, 112. 40 Less receipts from sales------------------------------ 335. 50 49, 776. 90 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------- 51, 804.44 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ------------------ 1, 833. 46 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts------------ 16, 775. 10 18, 608. 56 Balance available June 30, 1930--------------------------- 33, 195. 88 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1--- ------ 32, 500 1 Exclusive of available funds. 19. DORCHESTER BAY AND NEPONSET RIVER, MASS. Location and description.-DorchesterBay is situated at the mouth of Neponset River, in Boston Harbor. Neponset River rises in Fox- boro, Mass., and flows in a northeasterly direction about 25 miles, emptying into Dorchester Bay. At Milton, Lower Mills, 4 miles above its mouth, it is closed by a dam. This 4-mile reach is tidal. No records of discharge, etc., are available. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 246.) Original condition.-The controlling depth at mean low water in the bay up to Commercial Point, at the mouth of the river, was 13 feet; thence up the river to the highway bridge at Neponset, 11/2 miles above its mouth, it was 8 feet; and from Neponset bridge to Milton Mills, at the head of navigation, 4 miles above its mouth, it was 31/2 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide in Dorchester Bay from the Boston Harbor main ship channel to connect with the approach channel to the Cow Pasture, thence 18 feet deep and 175 feet wide to the mouth of the river at Commercial Point, and thence 15 feet deep, 100 feet wide to the Neponset Highway Bridge. The mean range of tide is 9.6 feet. The extreme range is 13.7 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1930, is $256,500. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,500. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 73 The existing project was authorized by the following river and, harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 83, 59th Cong, 2d sess.), provided for depths of 15 and 18 feet, and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the 30-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 147, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps are in the last project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Conditionswere imposed by the act of March 2, 1907, that the portion of the river from Neponset Highway Bridge to Milton Mills should be dredged and maintained by the State of Massachusetts or other agency to the depth of 6 feet at mean low water, 100 feet wide up to the Granite Street Bridge, 1.15 miles; 75 feet wide thence to Godfreys Wharf, 1.25 miles; and thence 50 feet wide to the railroad bridge at Milton, a distance of 250 feet. These conditions were accepted by resolves of the Legislature of Massa- chusetts, approved June 24, 1907, and March 5, 1908, and accepted by the Secretary of War February 10, 1908, and the work was com- pleted in August, 1910, at a cost of $34,269.70. In 1914 the State widened to 280 feet, with a depth of 15 feet, the easterly side of the Government channel opposite the yacht basin at a cost of $1,682.24; in 1914 and 1915 dredged at Commercial Point a channel 100 feet wide, 1,600 feet long, and 12 feet deep, with basin of the same depth and a total area of 390,000 square feet, and a shoal to the same depth on the north side of and adjacent to the United States channel, at a total cost of $53,213.10; in 1915 dredged a small area 6 feet deep at the public landing at Freeport Street, Commercial Point; and in 1916 dredged a basin 6 feet deep, 1,000 feet long, and 250 feet great- est width in Neponset River near Milton Lower Mills at a cost of $7,790.56. Maintenance cost on the 6-foot channel in Neponset River has amounted to $52,954.86. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, provides that before any work is undertaken in connection with the 30-foot channel project, lo- cal interests shall give assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers that they will dredge to a depth of 30 feet at their own expense, an approach channel and turning basin in the vicinity of the Cow Pasture and will construct at least one unit of a terminal development according to plans to be approved by the Chief of Engineers. These requirements have not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-On the north shore of Dorchester Bay are two wharves-with total dockage of 500 feet, approached through a channel dredged through the flats by private interests. These wharves are solid fill, one with stone and one with timber bulkhead. One is owned by the city of Boston and used to serve a city pumping station. At the west end of the bay there are four wharves with an aggregate dockage of 900 feet, approached by a channel dredged through the flats by the State. These wharves are pile structures, two with solid fill and one of masonry with pile platform. All are available for water-borne freight. At Commercial Point, at the mouth of Neponset River, on the west shore there is dockage of 700 feet of stone and wooden bulkhead, on a total frontage of 2,700 feet. Of this bulkhead the lower 1,400 feet, 74 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, UT. S. ARMY, 1930 together with the wharves previously described, are within the scope of the 18-foot depth of the improved channel. On the west bank of the river and within the scope of the 15-foot depth there is a yacht-building plant, with piers aggregating 1,720 feet in length, consisting of pile structures inclosing yacht basins; at the head of the improvement extending above and below the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad bridge there are wharves aggregating 1,605 feet of dockage, consisting partly of wooden bulk- heads, filled solid, and partly of pile structures used for commercial purposes. All of the above wharves except the city wharf are privately .owned. None are open to general public use. On the south shore of Dorchester Bay, at the mouth of the river, is the United States Navy destroyer plant, built during the war and now under lease to the Victory Yacht Storage & Repair Co., the launching basin of which is connected with the 18-foot improved channel by a dredged channel 10 feet deep. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement is of advantage to ship- ping interests in permitting the utilization of larger vessels. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging in Neponset River, under contract, was begun September 17 and at the close of the fiscal year there had been removed 66,713 cubic yards, scow measurement, of material, at which time about 3,000 feet of the channel, at the inner end, had been dredged over. The cost was $27,840.82 for maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $25,321.11. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work has not commenced on the project adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. Main- tenance dredging in Neponset River is about 70 per cent completed. The existing project is about 37 per cent completed. The controlling depths at mean low water in Dorchester Bay in 1929 were 18 feet to about 1,100 feet below Commercial Point, thence about 12 feet to Commercial Point; in Neponset River it was 14 feet to the Neponset River bridge. The costs have been $94,584.55 for new work and $28,422.50 for maintenance, a total of $123,007.05. The expenditures have been $120,487.34. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1930, $11,420.66, to completing by conrtract the res- toration of the 15-fot channel in Neponset River to its full project depth, and to increasing channel dimensions at bends to allow free movements of boats. It is expected that all work will be completed by August 31, 1930, exhausting the funds. It is not believed that any further work of maintenance of this channel will be necessary during the next two years. No funds can be profitably expended for new work on the project adopted by the 1930 river and harbor act until conditions of local cooperation have been complied with. Commercial statistics.-Coal, carried in barges and lighters, com- prised 53 per cent of the water-borne tonnage for the calendar year 1929, no coal steamers being reported. Refined petroleum, in barges RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 75 of 10 to 12 feet draft, comprised 12 per cent of the tonnage; gas oil, 14 per cent; and garbage carried in scows from Dorchester Bay to the rendering works on Spectacle Island, 14 per cent. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925_--- __.-- ------------ 195, 302 $3, 015, 769 1928-.. I1320, 458 ..------------------- $2, 850,138 1926 --------------------- 213,174 3, 341,041 1929- ..-------------------- 278, 572 3, 703, 836 1927_------------- 1455,189 3,125, 084 1Increase due to heavy tonnage of sand and gravel dredged and shipped from Dorchester Bay. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ----------- ---------- $94, 584. 55 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------- ------ 28, 422. 50 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ------------- 123, 007. 05- Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 2,519. 71 Net total expenditures----------------------------------- 120, 487. 34 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------- -- __ 11, 420. 66 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--1-------------31, 908. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work . Cost of maintenance-----------------------... . __-----.--$158. 23 $27, 840. 82 Total expended_ --- ____--- ------- ------------ 158. 23 25, 321. 11 Allotted_-_.------------------- - $6, 900. 00 $18, 200. 00 7,800. 00 5,000. 00 -- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------$41, 741. 77 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment------------------ 5,000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for---------------------------36, 741. 77 Gross amount expended---__--- ---------------------------------- 25, 321. 11 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-----------------------_ 11, 420. 66 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------- $2, 519. 71 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts-------------- 7, 970. 56 10, 490.27 Balance available June 30, 1930---------------------------- 930. 39 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ' ___ _---_----- ___ ------ _ 62, 000. 00. 20. WEYMOUTH FORE RIVER, MASS. Location and description.-This river rises in Braintree, Mass., and flows in a northerly direction 7.5 miles, emptying into Hingham Bay, Boston Harbor. The head of navigation is an old dam at East Braintree, 6.2 miles above the mouth. Below this dam the river is tidal. No records of discharge, etc., are available. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 246.) 1 Exclusive of available funds. 76 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Original condition.-The channel had a depth of 18 feet at mean low water throughout, with a least width of 300 feet up to a point about 1 mile below the bridge at Quincy Point, the 18-foot channel extending two-thirds of a mile above that point but being too tortu- ous for safe navigation of large vessels. In the remaining one-third of a mile to the bridge the channel was 150 feet wide and 13 feet deep at mean low water. From the bridge at Quincy Point to the head of navigation at East Braintree, 6.2 miles above the mouth of the river, the channel was 12 feet deep at mean low water, gradually shoaling to 6 feet, and finally to 3 feet, where it became too narrow to be practicable. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, and extended by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1905, and February 27, 1911. The cost and expenditures on original projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1917) were $170,500 for new work and $5,250 for maintenance, a total of $175,750. For further details of previous projects see page 1745 of annual report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 24 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide, with a maximum width of 600 feet at the bend below Channel Rock, from Hingham Bay to Wey- mouth Fore River Bridge at Quincy Point, about 3 miles. The mean range of tide is 9.5 feet. The extreme range is 13.6 feet. The esti- mate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, was $625,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916 (Senate Com. Doc. No. 13, 63d Cong., 3d sess.) The latest published map is in House Document No. 803, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Underthe project of March 3, 1905, the im- provement of the river above the Quincy Point Bridge was to be maintained by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or other agency. This was provided for by a resolve of the legislature approved May 26, 1905, and accepted by the Secretary of War June 7, 1905. The Commonwealth has maintained the improvement at a total expendi- ture of $68,623.74. The act of July 27, 1916, adopting the project for the 24-foot channel, appropriated two-thirds ($200,000) of its total estimated cost, subject to the condition that local interests contribute the remaining one-third ($100,000). The Commonwealth of Massa- chusetts, by act approved April 22, 1915, provided $75,000, the Fore River Shipbuilding Corporation (now Bethlehem Shipbuilding Cor- poration) contributed $15,000, and the city of Quincy $10,000. Terminal facilities.-At the head of the Federal improvement at Quincy Point Bridge there are, on the westerly side below the bridge, two wharves with aggregate dockage of 800 feet, one of masonry and one of masonry and concrete with pile platform extension. On the easterly side there is a wharf about 600 feet in length, in front of which the owners have dredged to 24 feet at mean low tide, meeting the project depth. A large electric power plant is located at this point. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 77 On Town River, outside the scope of Federal improvement, are four wharves with aggregate dockage of over 2,700 feet. These include a lumber wharf, a coal wharf, and two wharves for repair and storage of yachts and commercial vessels. There is a large yacht basin. Above Quincy Point Bridge and served by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts improvements are eight wharves in use for water- borne freight, chiefly of masonry with pile platforms and having an aggregate dockage of 2,350 feet. There is also a terminal, with a depth of 32 feet, used for the receipt of petroleum. In this area is the Fore River plant of the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, with depths up to 32 feet, used- for the building and equipping of large naval and commercial vessels. These facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a further description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Aside from the value of the increased depth obtained under previous and existing projects in connection with the extensive operations of the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Cor- poration, the facilities afforded have been recognized in other direc- tions, chiefly in the development of an extensive oil-refining plant and the location of an elaborate and extensive electric power plant. The improved channel has permitted the movement of larger vessels of greater draft to this locality, and the river is being used to a greater extent than was contemplated when the present project was adopted. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. There were no expenditures. Condition at end- of f cal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1927 at a saving of $59,600 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth is 24 feet at mean low water. The cost of the existing project has been $565,400 for new work, of which $465,400 was from United States funds and $100,000 from contributed funds. Expenditures have been $565,400, of which $465,400 was from United States funds, $100,000 being from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is pro- posed during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as the improvement is believed to be in a condition to meet the reasonable requirements of present commerce. Commercial statistics.-The water-borne freight of Weymouth Fore River consists almost entirely of crude and refined oil and coal, the former comprising 72 per cent, and the latter 23 per cent of the water-borne tonnage for the calendar year 1929. On Town River foreign and domestic lumber was received, and sand dredged and shipped. The maximum draft of vessels reported was 30 feet for tankers on Fore River. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925-..... .- -------- - 796, 049 $6, 156, 603 1928_------- _ 1,741, 551 $16, 386, 010 1926- 843, 117 6, 853, 930 1929-_....-..---------------1, 722, 742 13, 623, 689 1927_ - - - - - 1, 242, 481 9, 978, 790 78 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 Cost and finanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__----------------------1 $635, 900.00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 5, 250. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-- --- 641, 150. 00 Net total expenditures ------------------------------ - 641, 150. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__ ---------_ _____ 1641, 150. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------ .....----------$40, 835 26 $6, 892. 45 $11, 700. 74 ........... Cost of maintenance. Total expended.......--------------- 40, 835. 26 6, 892. 45 8, 155. 78 $3, 544. 96 Allotted...---..------------------ .-------- 1,000.00 7,400.00 -1,000.00 -.--- 21. WEYMOUTH BACK RIVER, MASS. Location. and description.-This river rises in East Weymouth, Mass., and flows in a northerly direction 4.5 miles, emptying into Hingham Bay at the mouth of Weymouth Fore River. It is tidal for 4 miles, to the highway bridge at East Weymouth. No records of discharge, etc., are available. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 246.) Original condition.-The river had a practicable channel not less than 200 feet wide and not less than 12 feet deep at mean low water for about 1.5 miles to the wharf of the American Agricultural Chemical Co., except on a bar 400 feet wide and one-fourth of a mile above the mouth, where the depth was 11 feet, and except for the 2,000 feet below the wharf, where the depth gradually shoaled from 12 to 6 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation was at East Weymouth, about 4 miles above the bar and about 3 miles above the wharf of the chemical company. Previous projects.-None, Existing project.--This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide through the bar near the mouth, and for widening and straightening to the same dimensions the natural channel 2,200 feet long to the wharf of the American Agri- cultural Chemical Co. The mean range of tide is 9.4 feet. The extreme range is 13.5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1891, was $22,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 256, 51st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.-The only commercial wharf has a frontage of about 1,400 feet and is a stone wall, filled with pile platform in front. It is privately owned, not open to general public use, and is considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a further description of terminal facilities see H. Doec. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) 1 Exclusive of $100,000 contributed funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 79 Effect of improvement.-The work done has resulted in greatly in- creased facilities for navigation and has rendered transportation by water easier for vessels of deeper draft. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in the fiscal year 1912 at a saving of $1,522 under the estimated cost. An examination of the channel in 1927 showed a controlling depth of 12 feet at mean low water throughout. The Navy Depart- ment has dredged a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide from the improved channel of that depth opposite the chemical company's wharf to the naval magazine at Hingham. Ex- penditures have been $27,000, which amount was the cost of the ex- isting project, $20,478.68 being for new work and $6,521.32 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is pro- posed during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as the improvement is believed to be in a condition to meet the reasonable requirements of present commerce. Commercial statistics.-Duringthe calendar year 1929, fertilizers and fertilizer chemicals comprised 68 per cent of the water-borne tonnage, phosphate rock 20 per cent, and ammunition and details 5 per cent. A United States naval magazine is located on the river at Hingham, and lighters ammunition and supplies to and from the navy yard at Charlestown. The maximum vessel draft reported was 19 feet. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925------------------259, 467 $3, 704, 728 1928.....-----------------140, 329 $5, 691, 98 1926_. _------------------143, 432 3, 922, 747 1929 .---------- --------- 105, 451 8, 480, 42 1927__- ------------------ 206, 883 3, 829, 195 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------$20, 478.68 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------------- 6, 521.32 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------- 27, 000. 06 Net total expenditures , 000. 00 27------------------------ Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------------------- 27, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ........------------.--------- . Cost of maintenance--- --------------- --------------- -- ---------- -- Total expended--.........----------------- ------ - Allotted................------------------ --- ------------ $350.00-$350.00 11714---ENG 1930---6 80 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 22. SCITUATE HARBOR, MASS. Location and description.-Scituate Harbor, formed by a natural indentation of the coast line of Massachusetts Bay, is distant about 24 miles by water in a southeasterly direction from Boston. The harbor contains about 190 acres, much of which, outside the channel, is dry at low tide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 232.) Original condition.-The depth on the bar was about 2.5 feet at mean low water, and the entrance was obstructed by many sunken bowlders; of the low-water area of about 57 acres, 6 acres had a depth of at least 3 feet at mean low water and there was little protection against the sea. Previous projects.-The original project seems to have been to pro- tect the beach between Cedar Point and the mainland on the north- erly side of the entrance to the harbor by the building of 450 linear feet of brush and stone bulkhead and 385 linear feet of stone apron (in 1829 to 1852) at a cost of $1,090.98, the expenditures being the same. Existing project.-This provides for the building of rubblestone, a north breakwater 800 feet and a south breakwater 730 feet long, for the dredging of an anchorage basin of 30 acres and an entrance chan- nel 2,700 feet long and 300 feet wide, with depths at mean low water of 15 feet at the entrance, 12 to 15 feet between the breakwaters, 12 feet immediately back of the south breakwater, 10 feet in the anchor- age basin, and 3 feet in the channel to the wharves. The mean tidal range is 9.8 feet, the extreme about 0.5 feet greater. The estimate of cost for new work, exclusive of amount expended under previous project in 1908, was $290,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. The latest published map was in the Annual Report for 1881, page 523. Recommended modifications of project.-The abandonment of this project is recommended in House Document No. 467, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session. Local cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has spent $165,648.78 in dredg- ing channels and anchorage basins, of which amount $33,300 was contributed by the town of Scituate and $51,000 on breakwater and beach protection work, of which amount $27,000 was contributed by local interests; a total of $216,648.78. Terminal facilities.-There are 3 wharves, 1 used for the receipt of coal and lumber, 1 owned by the town and used as a public land- ing, and 1 used as a yacht pier. The traffic is small and is almost entirely coal. The facilities appear to be adequate for existing demands. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has been of benefit to the limited coal and lumber trade. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under a contract for repair of breakwater extending from Cedar Point, on the north side of the harbor, dated October 15, 1929, work was commenced Novem- ber 16, 1929, and was completed January 3, 1930. A total of 4,683 short tons of riprap was used, repairing about 720 linear feet of RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 81 breakwater. The cost and expenditure was $22,000, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fscal year.-The project is about 36 per cent completed; 720 feet of the north breakwater, 450 feet of the south breakwater, and 21 per cent of the dredging were completed by June 30, 1903. The south breakwater is not to full section throughout its length. The controlling depth, as determined in 1929 in the channel dredged by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is 8 feet at mean low water: The costs under the existing project have been $94,000 for new work and $31,500 for maintenance, a total of $125,500, and the total expenditures $125,500. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is con- templated during the fiscal years 1931 and 1932. Commercial statistics.-The water-borne commerce of the harbor has customarily consisted of coal and a small amount of lumber, but no coal receipts have been reported for the past two years. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925----------...------------ 4, 413 $62, 797 1928.------------------------ 98 $10, 000 ------------------ 1926----..... 5, 540 74, 677 1929----------------------- 452 19, 000 1927--- ------------------- 4, 559 62, 572 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ---------- $95,090.98 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------------31,500.00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 126,590.98 Net total expenditures---------------------- -------- 126,590.98 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 -- ---- 1----------26,590.08 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work. Cost of maintenance ----------- --------------------------------.---------- $22, 000.00 Total expended-------------- ----------- ---------------------.---------------- .. 22, 000.00 Allotted------------------- -- -------------------------- ---- $22, 000.00 ---------- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------- $22, 000. 00 Gross amount expended----------------------------------_ 22, 000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------------- ------------------ 196, 000. 00 23. PLYMOUTH HARBOR, MASS. Location and description.-Plymouth Harbor is 45 miles by water south of Boston. Its outer anchorage, the " Cow Yard," is common to Plymouth, Duxbury, and Kingston. From this anchorage a chan- nel about 2 miles long leads through extensive flats to a turning basin at the inner end opposite the wharves of the town. The channel and harbor are protected oa the sea side by Long Beach, a narrow, low sand spit extending generally parallel to the mainland and about 1 82 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1930 mile frbm it.: The harbor contains 2,000 acres much of which, out- side the channel, is dry at low tide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 245.) Original condition.-The channel and low-water line were about 2,500 feet from the wharves at Plymouth, to which access could be had only at high water. Long Beach was liable to inroads by the sea that would injure or destroy the harbor. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by act of May 26, 1824, and was for the preservation of the beach. A project for dredging was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1875, and modified in 1877, 1884, and 1885. The cost and expendi- tures prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1899) were $188,646.59 for new work and $2,013.21 for maintenance, a total of $190,659.80, from United States funds.. For further details of previous projects see page 1746 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for (a) protecting by riprap the sections of Long Beach damaged by the storm of November, 1898, and for restoring Eel River to its former course; (b) dredging a channel 18 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide, increased at the entrance and on curves, from the bay to the town wharves, a distance of about 2 miles, with a suitable turning basin at the inner end; and (c) dredging a channel 150 feet wide, 15 feet deep at mean low water, extending in a northwesterly direction about 900 feet from a point off the site of northerly Craigs Wharf (now State Pier) with a turning basin 300 feet square, and of the same depth, at its north- westerly end; this channel to be connected with the 18-foot channel by an area to be dredged by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or other local interests. The mean range of tide is 9.6 feet; the extreme range is 13.7 feet. The estimates of cost for new work, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, were as follows: (a,) For beach protection, $95,700, made in 1899; (b) for dredging, $167,000, made in 1911; (c) for dredging channel and turning basin, $102,000, made in 1920. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500 for beach protection and $5,000 for dredging. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: (a) The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the beach protection (Annual Report for 1899, p. 1089), (b) the act of March 4, 1913, provided for dredging the 18-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 1194, 62d Cong., 3d sess.) ; (c) the act of September 22, 1922, provided for the 15-foot extension, including the turning basin (H. Doc. No. 996, 66th Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-men- tioned document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The act of March 4, 1913, required that the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or other local agency contribute one-half the estimated cost of the 18-foot channel. This condition was accepted by the Commonwealth on June 16, 1913, when an ap- propriation of $83,500 was made, and this amount was deposited to the credit of the Secretary of.War August 25, 1913. The cost of the completed work being less than the estjmated cost by $53,000, one-half of the saving, or $26,500, was returned to the Commonwealth RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 83 of Massachusetts on March 10, 1916, under provisions of section 4 of the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915. The town of Plymouth, in 1909, at an expense of $12,000, restored and deepened to 10 feet at mean low water the channel and a por- tion of the basin completed by the Government under the project of 1875. In 1911, with funds provided by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the town of Plymouth, the Commonwealth dredged a channel to the wharf of the Plymouth Cordage Co. for a length of about 1,100 feet to the width of 250 feet and depth of 20 feet at mean low water and for a length of about 5,000 feet to the width of 150 feet and depth of 18 feet at mean low water, at a total cost of $143,744.11. In 1915 the Commonwealth dredged an anchorage basin, about 94,000 square feet in area, extending northerly from the Government Channel and easterly of Long, North, and Craig Wharves, to the depth of 12 feet at mean low water, at a cost of $7,000; and com- pleted on December 7, 1917, at a cost of $9,375.34, the dredging of an extension to the Goose Point Channel 60 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water, for about 1,600 feet to within a short distance of the originally selected terminal point. A contribution of $400 by the Plymouth Electric Light Co., re- ceived on July 17, 1915, was expended in deepening to 18 feet at mean low water a strip 60 feet wide along the outer edge of the old 9-foot turning basin, the work being done in conjunction with redredging the remainder of the basin to a 15-foot depth. The authorization by the river and harbor act of 1922 for the 15-foot channel extension at Plymouth requires that the Common- wealth of Massachusetts or other local interests shall contribute one- half the total estimated cost of $102,000, construct a wharf and accessories upon plans meeting the approval of the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers, and dredge an area connecting the existing 18-foot channel with the projected 15-foot channel. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has contributed its share, of $51,000, and a wharf and required accessories has been constructed by the town of Plymouth. In 1925 the Commonwealth dredged two areas off Plymouth Rock at a cost of $7,926.26. The area connecting the existing 18-foot with the 15-foot channel has been dredged. Terminal facilities.-There are two wharves of solid-fill construc- tion with wooden-pile extension, one of which is owned by the Com- monwealth of Massachusetts and at present is open to the public free of charge. It is used for summer passenger business and as a land- ing place for small fishing boats. The other is owned by the town of Plymouth and open to free use. The easterly end of the town wharf is occupied by a coal-handling plant equipped with modern mechanical appliances. Depths at the wharves ranges from 12 to 15 feet at mean low tide. Neither of the wharves is physically con- nected with the railroad. The traffic is small and is almost entirely coal. The facilities appear to be adequate for existing demands. Effect of improvement.-Since the destruction of the wharves in 1921 there has been practically no water-borne freight movement aside from that carried on by a small local passenger steamer and the coal consigned for local consumption. 84 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARM Y, 1930 Operations and reeults during fiscal year.-None. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1927 at a saving of $68,129 under the estimated cost. Work of protecting by riprap the sections of Long Beach damaged by the storm of 1898 was completed in 1905. Eel River was restored to its former course in 1904. The dredging of a channel 18 feet deep at mean low water was completed in 1915. The 15-foot channel was completed in 1927. Shoaling in the channel just east of the State Pier makes the controlling depth about 13 feet at mean low water. Cost and expenditures under the existing project have been $230,525, of which amount $188,571.16 was for new work and $41,953.84 for maintenance. In addition, $108,400 has been expended from con- tributed funds of which $108,000 was for new work and $400 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is contemplated during the fiscal years 1931 and 1932. Commercial statistics.-The figures given below now include freight delivered at North Plymouth, Mass., which was formerly reported, for appropriation purposes, under the name of Kingston Harbor. Its freight is now credited to Plymouth Harbor. During the calendar year 1929, coal, in barges of 17 to 19 feet draft, comprised 46 per cent of the water-borne tonnage; sisal, in steamers of 14-foot draft, 34 per cent; the remainder of the tonnage being fuel oil. An excursion steamer operates between Boston and Plymouth during the summer months, carrying passengers and occasionally a small amount of perishable freight. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925--------.. 27, 562 $2, 670, 321 49, 496 1928 -__. _ 49, 883 $3, 230, 471 34, 352 1926 ....--- 32, 729 3, 346, 966 30, 745 1929-......_ 38, 394 2, 120, 276 59, 751 1927 . 40, 541 2, 334, 819 31, 480 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_--------------__-- _ _ $377, 217. 75 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 43, 967. 05 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ____________ 421, 184. 80 Net total expenditures---------------------------_ ---------- 421, 184. 80 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930- --- ___________ 1421, 184.80 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....-------------------- $40, 084. 14 $65, 424. 77------- ---- --................................ Cost of maintenance....----------------------- 9. 25 - - _ ........... ...... Total cost...........----------------------40, 093. 39--- Total expended--- . --- --............ .- 40, 093. 39 65, 424. 77 ....... . A,725.00-----------$12, 000.00 1 Exclusive of $108,400 contributed funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 85 24. CAPE COD CANAL, MASS. Location and description.-This waterway is a sea-level canal, extending from the head of Buzzards Bay, Mass., to a point on Cape Cod Bay, about 15 miles southeast of Plymouth Harbor, Mass. In general direction the canal trends from Buzzards Bay easterly to Cape Cod Bay. The Cape Cod Bay entrance is called the east end the Buzzards Bay entrance the west end of the canal. The mainland side of the canal is called the north bank, the Cape Cod side the south bank of the canal. The canal proper, measured between the shore lines, is 7.6 miles long, with approach channels approximately 4.5 miles long in Buzzards Bay and 0.5 mile long in Cape Cod Bay. Three drawbridges cross the canal prism, as follows: Railroad bridge near the western end and two highway bridges, distant from it toward the east approximately 0.7 and 5 miles, respectively. The railroad bridge has a clearance of 2.5 feet above extreme high water, and the highway bridges have a clearance of 30 feet. The clearance between the fenders of all bridges is 140 feet. The mean range of tide in Buzzards Bay is 4.1 feet and in Cape Cod Bay it is 9.4 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 251 and 1208.) Original condition.-This waterway was privately operated and was opened to partial navigation as a toll canal on July 30, 1914, and to full navigation on April 11, 1916. The total original cost of the canal to the owning company was approximately $13,000,000. The work of construction was done by the Boston, Cape Cod & New York Canal Co. The minimum usable depth at mean low water was 25 feet and the controlling width 100 feet, which was determined by the bottom width of the canal prism. Starting at the western end of the canal, the bottom widths were as follows: 250 feet for a distance of about 0.2 mile. 100 feet for a distance of about 6 miles. 200 feet for a distance of about 0.8 mile. 300 feet for a distance of about 0.4 mile. The approach channels in Buzzards Bay and Cape Cod Bay had general widths of 250 and 300 feet, respectively. At the easterly end of the canal there is a rubblestone jetty 3,000 feet long on the north- erly side and a short jetty on the southerly side of the entrance. The waterway is not considered safe for navigation of steamers draw- ing over 20 feet, due to difficulty in handling in the 100-foot width of channel and strong tidal currents which normally range from 3 to 4 miles per hour. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--This provides for the purchase of the canal from the Boston, Cape Cod & New York Canal Co. at a cost of $11,500,000 in accordance with the contract dated July 29, 1921, executed by the Boston, Cape Cod & New York Canal Co., and printed in House Document No. 139, Sixty-seventh Congress, second session. The purchase of the canal was authorized by section 2 of the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The only terminals on the canal are those of the Canal Fish Freezing Co. and the Standard Oil Co. The former is used for the receipt and freezing of fish and the latter for 86 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 the receipt and storage of oil. The terminals are considered ade- quate for the purposes for which they are used. As the canal is now owned by the United States, any terminals constructed in the future will be under permit issued by the War Department, and the interests of private individuals may be safeguarded by the terms of these permits. Effect of improvement.-Since the canal has been operated by the Government as a toll-free waterway the traffic has increased, and its effect on commerce should be a reduction in freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-United States seagoing dredge Minquas was employed throughout the year on maintenance dredging in the canal and approaches thereto, removing 389,615 cubic yards, bin measurement, of material. The United States seagoing dredge Marshall was employed from November 18, 1929, to February 15, 1930, in the Buzzards Bay approach channel, removing 340,177 cubic yards, bin measurement, of material. The cost was $157,904.56 for maintenance. The expenditure was $139,274.02. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The controlling depth in the canal on June 30, 1930, was 23.5 feet at mean low water. The controlling depths in the Buzzards Bay and Cape Cod Bay approach channels were, respectively, 23.4 feet and 24.2 feet at mean low water. The canal and properties were taken over by the United States on March 31, 1928, at a cost of $11,500,000. The cost of the existing project has been $11,749,817.64, of which $11,500,000 (the purchase price) was for new work and $249,817.64 for maintenance. Expenditures have been $11,843,479.71. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1930, $191,075.74, to the continuation of mainte- nance dredging now in progress, by Government plant, in the canal prism and approaches thereto from Buzzards and Cape Cod Bays, and riprapping banks of the canal, by contract, as follows: Operation and upkeep of Government-owned seagoing dredge 12 months at $8,500-------------------------------- ---- $102, 000. 00 Riprapping banks, 14,000 tons stone at $4.80------------------- 67, 200. 00 Administration, engineering and district overhead---------- 21, 875. 74 Total---------------------------------- ------ ---- 191, 075. 74 The sum of $150,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 in maintenance dredging as follows: Operation and upkeep of Government-owned seagoing dredge 12 months at $8,500-------- --------------------------------- $102, 000 Operation of Government-owned seagoing dredge (Marshall type) 2 months at $16,000-------------------- 32,000 Administration, engineering and district overhead----------- 16, 000 Total--------___ - 150, 000 The bridges, ferry, signal system, and other accessories will be maintained by allotment from the permanent indefinite appropria- tion provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-During the calendar year 1929 coal com- prised 32 per cent of the tonnage passing through the canal, mineral oils (including crude, fuel, and refined oils) 38 per cent, and general unclassified cargo 16 per cent. Chemicals (including fertilizer) and RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DIS RIOr 87 building materials were also typical items of freight in smaller quan- tities. Vessel trips eastbound aggregated 4,888, westbound 5,429; an increase of 1,005 over the year 1928. Their total net registered ton- nage was 4,485,735. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925....-------- 681,808 $210,441, 067 160,184 19281-... 1,405,782 $80,116,237 231,426 1926..-------- 871, 468 304, 416, 910 166, 787 1929----.... 2, 165, 465 108, 358, 255 232, 824 1927--------........ 924, 164 284, 786, 925 202, 849 1Prior to 1928 values were estimated by the canal company. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_____-. _-_ $11, 500, 000. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_---------------------- 249, 817. 64 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ---------- 11, 749, 817. 64 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930_ ..--.-- . 96, 762. 82 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ___________________ 11, 846, 580. 46 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930_______________________ 202. 14 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930______________________ 11, 846, 782. 60 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_ ___--------------3, 302. 89 Net total expenditures ______________________ 11, 843, 479. 71 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930__________________________ 191, 075. 74 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930___________ 12, 034, 555. 45 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930. Cost of new work .... __ $11,500,000 Cost of maintenance___ ._ _ ...... __ _ ------------ ------------ $91, 913.08 $157,904.56 I I I I Total expended ..............------ ...... ___,- ....... 11, 500, 000 204,----- 205.69 139, 274. 02 i i-~---- _ i~-~- Allotted.....------------------. 11, 500, 000 555. 45 329,-......... 205, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929____ $125, 349. 76 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved: Mar. 1, 1921--------------------------------- $797. 02 i June 30, 1922------------------------ 299. 99 June 17, 1924-___ 1, 070. 38 Feb. 12, 1925-------------------------------- 6, 405. 24 Apr. 15, 1926-------------------------------- 10, 078. 55 i Feb. 23, 1927-------------------------------- 11, 348. 82 s May 28, 1930 -- ---------- 175, 000. 00 205, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for_ --------- 330, 349. 76 Gross amount expended------------------------- -- 139, 274.02 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 _____.__________ 191, 075.74 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930___ -______ $4, 086.15 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts--------- 8, 000. 00 12, 086.15 Balance available June 30, 1930______________ 178, 989. 59 88 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930- -- ---__ --- __-___-- $202. 14 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 . _____ 179, 191. 73 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1---_-_-_-___ ___ _____ 150, 000. 00 25. OPERATING AND CARE OF CAPE COD CANAL, MASS. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for the Cape Cod Canal, Mass. See pages 85 to 88, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The canal has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since March 31, 1928. Operations and results during fscal year.-The canal was open to navigation throughout the year. Hired labor was employed in mak- ing repairs to bulkheads, dolphins, bridges, lighting and signal sys- tem, ferry, floating plant, and buildings. The two highway bridges, the railroad bridge, and the Bournedale Ferry were operated throughout the year. The expenditures during the year were $275,- 827.13, and the costs $273,760.03, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The canal and properties were taken over by the United States on March 31, 1928, at a cost of $11,500,000. The controlling depth on June 30, 1930, was 23.5 feet at mean low water in the canal and 23.4 and 24.2 at mean low water in the Buzzards Bay and Cape Cod Bay approach channels, respec- tively. The total amount expended from the permanent indefinite appropriation to the close of the fiscal year was $534,110.95, exclusive of outstanding liabilities amounting to $9,889.05, and the total cost has been $534,147.06, all for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The canal will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation pro- vided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. The highway and railroad bridges, ferry, and signal system will be operated and repairs thereto made as needed. Minor repairs will be made to floating plant, buildings, etc. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------- _________________ $534, 147. 06 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930_____________ 9, 852.94 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_ ----------------- 544, 000. 00 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------- ------ 9, 889. 05 Net total expenditures_ _____________-___________ 534, 110. 95 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--___----- --------------- 9, 889. 05 ------ Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_____ 544, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------------------------------------------------------------------ Cost of maintenance.--------------------------- ---- $49, 624. 57 $210,7-2.46 $273, 760.03 Total expended......---------------------------- -- ------------ 38,149. 12 220, 134. 70 275, 827. 13 Allotted.. - - . ......................... 50,000.00 219, 000. 00 275, 000. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 89 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------- $10, 716. 18 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, sec. 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909----------------------------275, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for ------------------------ -- 285, 716. 18 °Gross amount expended--------------------------------------- 275, 827. 13 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------_ 9, 889. 05 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--- 9, 889. 05 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931---------------------------- 300, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931-------------------------- 300, 000.00 26. PROVINCETOWN HARBOR, MASS. Location and description.-This is an important harbor of refuge in the bight at the extremity of Cape Cod, about 40 miles southeast from the entrance to Boston Harbor. Owing to its conformation definite dimensions can not be given, but it contains several square miles of anchorage area well protected against northeast winds. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 341.) Original condition.-The width and depth of entrance and the depth of the anchorage area were ample for the largest vessels, but actual or threatened inroads by the sea across the low and narrow part of the cape east of the town, and at intervals along about 1.5 miles of the narrow beach southwest of the town, were a serious menace. Previous project.-The original project was adopted by the act of May 20, 1826. The cost and expenditure on the original project prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1910) were $215,800.44 for new work. For further details of previous project, see page 1746 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a rubblestone protection dike 5 feet wide at the top and 15 feet above mean low water, across House Point Island Flats from Stevens Point to Wood End, a distance of about 6,150 feet, and for a 300-foot extension of the Long Point beach protection and bringing it up to grade where necessary. The mean range of tide is 9.2 feet. The extreme range is 13.3 feet. The esti- mate of cost for new work, made in 1928, is $145,000, exclusive of amount expended under previous project. The latest (1928) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 821, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None: Local cooperation.-The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has spent $28,410.11 on surveys and shore protection work. Terminal facilities.-Along a water frontage of about 7,500 feet there are 14 wharves, of which but 3 extend beyond the low-water line. These wharves are partly wooden bulkheads, but principally pile structures. None are publicly owned, and but one, that of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Co., is in any sense open to public use. This wharf has at its outer end a maximum depth of about 9 feet at mean low water. (For a further description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) 90 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Effect of improvement.-The object of the improvement is the preservation of this very excellent and important harbor of refuge. The effect upon the commerce of the port is of minor consideration. The harbor furnishes shelter in all weather and has depths sufficient for all classes of vessels. Its principal importance is to small coast- ing vessels and to the fishing fleet. The construction of the Cape Cod Canal has to some extent diminished the need of Provincetown Harbor as a harbor of refuge. Operationsand results during the fiscal year.-None. There were no expenditures. .Conditionat end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed with the exception of the 300-foot extension of the Long Point beach protection and bringing it up to grade where necessary. The pro- tection at Long Point is not now considered necessary. A rubble- stone beach protection at the east and outside of Long Point was built. This is now in good condition and serving the purpose for which built. Dikes, groins, and other sand-catching devices designed to resist the erosion and promote the accretion of the barrier of beach and sand dunes which protect the harbor were also built, but these timber structures resulted in but small and temporary betterment tc the beach. A dike across the House Point Island Flats was com- pleted in 1914. It is in good condition and serves the purpose for which built. The net total of results accomplished are a rubblestone beach protection at Long Point and a dike across House Point Island Flats. The temporary structures for catching and holding the sand have been practically destroyed. Expenditures have been $132,262.28, which amount was the cost of the existing project, $131,653.28 being for new work and $609 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is pro- posed during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as the improvement is believed to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the demands of present and prospective commerce. Conmmercial statistics.-The water-borne commerce of the harbor is negligible, and is practically confined to the passengers and occasional freight carried by an excursion steamer in service between Province- town and Boston. In 1925 and 1926 there was additional freight service by motor boat between these points, but this has been discontinued. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925--------........ 1, 618 $193, 637 55, 000 1928 ------- 600 $90, 000 50, 000 .... 1926--------.. 1, 750 277,100 59, 044 1929-..... 575 115, 000 50, 000 1927........ 585 87, 750 49, 909 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $347, 453. 72 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------__-------------------- 609. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----- 348, 062. 72 Net total expenditures- - -- 348, 062.72 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 _---------------- 348, 062. 72 RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 91 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-............... Cost ofmaintenance_ ....- Total expended. - - - - - - -- - -- --..- - - - - - Allotted-----..........---------------------------------------- $500.00 ........... -$500. 00 - Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---- -------------------------------- $13, 300. 00 27. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS AND CONTINGENCIES. (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of comercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor- line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $20,037.55; the expenditures were $20,406.79. The bal- ance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $13,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 _ -_____-__-____-____-$23, 537. 55 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930____________ 530. 07 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_____________ ______________ 24, 067. 62 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_____________________ ____ 235. 33 Net total expenditures -------------------------------- 23, 832. 29 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930__ 667. 71 1-------------------------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_ .___. __ __ . 36, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance--------- ------------........ ------------------------ $3, 500. 00 $20,037. 55 Total expended....------------------------------------------------ 3,425.50 20,406.79 Allotted ------------------------------------------------ $3,500. 00 15, 000.00 18, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 -___---------- _______ ____-- ---- _ $15,074. 50 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-------------------- $13,000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929 -_____.___--__________ 5, 000. 00 18,000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-------------------------- 33, 074. 50 Gross amount expended -------------------------- -- _ 20, 406.79 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------- ------------- 12, 667. 71 92 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARM Y, 1930 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------- $235. 33 Balance available June 30, 1930---------- ------------ 12, 432. 38 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June -------------------------------------- 30, 1932, for maintenance__ 13, 500. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED JANUARY 21, 1927, AND JULY 3, 1930 The local engineer was charged with the duty of making prelimi- nary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts approved January 21, 1927, and July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Merrimack River, N. iH. and Mass. 2. PortlandHarbor, Me., along the water front of South Portland'. 3. Boothbay Harbor, Me. 4. Ogunquit Harbor and Perkins Cove, Me. 5. Union River, Me. 6. Camden Harbor, Me. 7. Corea Harbor, Me. 8. Atkins Bay, Me. 9. Monhegan Harbor, Me. 10. Wohoa Bay and Pleasant River, Addison, Washington Cownty, Me. 11. York Harbor, Me. 12. Kennebunk (Moussam) River at Kennebunkport, Me. 13. Vicinity of Royal River, Me. 14. Criehaven Harbor,Me. 15. Newagen Harbor, Southport, Me. 16. Channel between Isle-au-Haut and Kimballs Island, Me. 17. Mount Desert Narrows, between Western Bay and Eastern Bay, Me. 18. Coast of New Hampshire between Rye Beach and For Head Point, with a view to the establishment of a harbor of refuge. 19. Rye Harbor, Hampton, Hampton Falls, and Seabrook, N. H. 20. Gloucester Harbor and Annisquam River, Mass. 21. Weymouth Back River, Mass. 22. Mystic. River, Mass., from the Felsway Parkway Bridge at Wellington and East Somerville to the Cradock Bridge Dan at Medford Center. 23. Cape Cod Canal, Mass. 24. Boston Harbor, Mass. 25. Weymouth Fore River, Mass., from Hingham Bay to the Wey- mouth Fore River Bridge. REPORT MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated December 16, 1927, a review of reports on Lynn Harbor, Mass., printed in House Document No. 1358, Sixty- fourth Congress, first session, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 7, Seventy-first Congress, first ses- sion. A plan of improvement is presented which provides for a channel 25 feet deep and 300 feet wide from deep water west of Bass RIVERS AND HARBORS--PROVIDENCE, R. I.1 DISTRICT 93 Point, Nahant, to a turning basin 550 feet wide at the head of the harbor, but with straightening of the curve in the approach to the turning basin, at an estimated cost of $912,000, with $6,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolution of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representatives, dated February 27, 1929, a review of re- ports on Gloucester Harbor, Mass., printed in House Document No. 1112, Sixtieth Congress, second session, is requested, and report thereon will be submitted as soon as practicable. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT This district includes a part of the State of Massachusetts, com- prising its southern coast line, extending as far north as Chatham Harbor on the east coast line of Cape Cod, and the whole of the States of Rhode Island and Connecticut, including the Connecticut River, Conn. and Mass. District engineer: Maj. F. S. Skinner, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. W. J. Barden, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Pollock Rip Shoals, Nan- 15. Mystic River, Conn ____-_ _ 120 tucket Sound, Mass ------ 93 16. New London Harbor, Conn_ 121 2. Harbor of Refuge at Nan- 17. Thames River, Conn______ 124 tucket, Mass__ _--_--- 96 18. Connecticut River a b o v e 3. Cross Rip Shoals, Nantucket Hartford, Conn ____ 127 Sound, Mass_----------- 98 19. Connecticut River be low 4. New Bedford and Fairhaven Hartford, Conn__________ 129 Harbor, Mass--------____ 100 20. Duck Island Harbor, Conn_ 133 5. Fall River Harbor, Mass___ 102 21. Branford Harbor, Conn _____ 135 6. Taunton River, Mass______. 104 22. New Haven Harbor, Conn__ 137 7. Newport Harbor, R. I______ 106 23. Breakwaters at New Haven, 8. Providence River and Har- Conn .___--_-__-__-____ 142 bor, R. I___________---- 107 24. Milford Harbor, Conn____ 142 9. Pawtucket (Seekonk) River, 25. Housatonic River, Conn ___ 143 R. IL -_____ ___--___-a-_ 111 26. Bridgeport Harbor, Conn___ 146 10. Harbor of Refuge at Point 27. Southport Harbor, Oonn ___ 150 Judith, R. I__________ 113 28. Westport Harbor and Sauga- 11. Harbor of Refuge at Block tuck River, Conn ________ 152 Island, R. I____________ 114 29. Norwalk Harbor, Conn .... 153 12. Great Salt Pond, Block Is- 30. Stamford Harbor, Conn ____ 155 land, R. I _---_____- 116 31. Greenwich Harbor, Conn____ 158 13. Pawcatuck River, R. I. and 32. Hay (West) Harbor, N. Y__ 160 Conn____,___ 117 33. Examinations, surveys, and 14. Stonington Harbor, Conn __. 119 contingencies (general) ___ 161 1. POLLOCK RIP SHOALS, NANTUCKET SOUND, MASS. Location and description.-Pollock Rip Channel is the northerly passage through the shoals off the eastern entrance to Nantucket Sound, connecting the deep water of the sound with that of the ocean. It is about 26 miles east from the harbor of Vineyard Haven, on the island of Marthas Vineyard, Mass., and 60 miles south from Provincetown Harbor, at the northern extremity of Cape Cod. The shoals through which the Pollock Rip Channel passes are sometimes 94 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARlIY, 1930 called the Monomoy Shoals. They extend about 14 miles north and south and about 8 miles east and west. The material of these shoals is a shifting sand and gravel, and the depth and location of the old sailing channel was subject to considerable variation, due to wind and currents. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 250.) Original condition.-The channel was very crooked and in places narrow. It was subject to very strong tides and directly exposed to the full force of easterly storms of the ocean. Its length was about 121/2 miles, measured from the Handkerchief Light Vessel to the whistling buoy north of Pollock Rip Slue, and, with a depth of 21 feet at mean low water, varied in width from about 2,000 to 3,600 feet, with a width of several miles as the Handkerchief Light Vessel was approached. The limiting depth was 27 feet for a width of 750 feet. Previous project.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging through the shoals at the eastern entrance to Nantucket Sound with a Government dredge, which is to assist the natural agencies in obtaining such depth and width as may be found practicable, but not exceeding a depth of 30 feet at mean low water and a width of 1 mile. The mean ranges of the tide are, respectively, about 3.7 feet at Monomoy Point, the nearest land, and 6.7 feet at Chatham Light, about 9 miles to the north of this point. The ranges of spring tides at these two points are 4.4 and 7.9 feet. The ranges are largely affected by direc- tion and force of storms. The original expenditure authorized for experimental work was $250,000, and later the operation of a dredge was authorized at an estimated annual cost of $200,000. The esti- mated cost, revised in 1928, of providing a channel of suitable dimen- sions is $1,100,000 for new work and $30,000 for annual maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 536, 62d Cong., 2d sess.), and extended by the act of July 27, 1916 (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 3, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest map is published in the Annual Report for 1915, page 2056. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement on water rates, if any, can not be ascertained. The use of the present channel materially shortens the time and length of passage and reduces the difficulties of navigation through or around these shoals. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging with the U. S. dredge TV. L. Marshall was in progress from October 3 to November 15, 1929, inclusive. During this period, 453,491 cubic yards of sand and gravel were removed from shoals along the north- ern and southern edges of the channel and at the eastern entrance. The total cost of the work was $29,315.17, all for maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $24,895.09. Condition at end of fiscal year.-It is believed that the depths previously secured over the northern tongue of the Stone Horse Shoal have been maintained and the bend in the channel there materially improved. A cut 2,000 feet wide has been dredged through Bearses and Pollock Rip Shoals in which the general depth RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 95 is 32 feet and over, and the least depth at the edges is 30 feet. On November 15, 1929, the controlling depths were about 32 feet in the central portions of the cut and 30 feet at the edges. To complete a channel of suitable dimensions requires a widening of the north- eastern end of the cut. The costs under the project have been $1,083,504.41 for new work and $210,855.31 for maintenance, a total of $1,294,359.72, and the total expenditures $1,294,738.15. Proposedoperations.-Funds unexpended June 30, 1930, amounted to $38,107.53. It is proposed to apply these funds to maintenance dredging with Government plant during the spring of 1931, as follows: Operation of seagoing hopper dredge 11/2 months at $22,000 per month ----------------------------------------------- $33, 000.00 Administration and engineering ------------------------------ 5, 107. 53 Total------ -------------------------------------- 38, 107. 53 No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as it is believed that the above dredging will place the channel in condition to care for the needs of commerce during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-There are no available means of determin- ing the amount and value of the commerce which passes through this channel, as it forms a part of that reaching many of the ports on the North Atlantic coast. The number of vessels reported as passing the light vessels at the entrances to the channel is as follows: Steamers Calendar year Calendarand motor Tug Tugs Sailing vessels Barges Yachts Total vessels 1925__________________ ______ ______ 6,607 1, 197 11,380 2,759 .......... 11,943 1926--- --------------------- 4,737 1,093 1 1,131 2,626 ........ 9, 587 1927 __. _______________________________ 5, 121 1,100 690 2, 802 657 10, 370 1928___... .... ___________ __..._________ . 5, 006 718 586 1,741 625 8,676 1929_______........__.....__________________ .. 5,360 570 398 1,439 714 8,484 1 Includes 142 yachts. a Includes 139 yachts. Cost and finaneial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $1, 083, 504. 41 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 210, 855.31 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930...---------------1, 294, 359. 72 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930----------- 100.03 Net total cost to June 30, 1930--------------------1- , 294, 460. 35 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------------- 305. 10 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930-----.. --------------- 1, 294, 765. 45 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------- 27. 30 Net total expenditures-- ...--------------------------- 1, 294, 738. 15 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 .....--------------- ------------- 38, 107. 53 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 1,332, 845. 68 11714---ENG 1930----7 963 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-----.. ------------------ $4,320. 53...--......... -, .........---- . Cost of maintenance----------------- 38, 900. 57 $12, 504. 96 $50, 122. 61 $6, 995. 52 $29, 315. 17 Total cost.---------------------------- 43, 221. 10 12, 504. 96 50, 122. 61 6, 995. 52 29, 315. 17 Total expended- _---------_----------43, 221. 10 12, 504. 96 38, 860. 61 34, 050. 79 24, 895. 09 Allotted.------ - ------------------ ------ 70, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 _- -- - 42, 845. 68 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------------- $20, 156. 94 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------ $35,000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929 _____------------- - 15, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------------- 70, 156. 94 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment -------------- 7, 154. 32 Net amount to be accounted for----------------- --------- 63, 002. 62 Gross amount expended----------------------------- 24, 906. 59 Less receipts from sales -------------------- 1--50 11. 24, 895. 09 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------ 38,107.583 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930__----------------------------- 27.30 Balance available June 30, 1930____,__------ ----- 38, 080. 23 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930----_-------------------------- -- 305. 10 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930---------------38, 385. 33 Amount (estimated) required to be approprated for completion of existing project 1-________________ 16, 500. 00 2. HARBOR OF REFUGE AT NANTUCKET, MASS. Location and descriptio*.-The harbor of Nantucket is an inden- tation in the coast line on the northerly side of the island of Nan- tucket. It is 32 miles east-southeast from the harbor of Vineyard Haven, on the island of Marthas Vineyard, Mass., and 80 miles south from the harbor of Provincetown, at the northern extremity of Cape Cod. The harbor extends about 6 miles in a northeast and south- west direction, with a width of from one-half to 1 /2 miles. It is practically landlocked. There are about 68 acres 12 feet or more in depth and 750 acres 9 feet or more in depth. The entrance chan- nel is protected by jetties. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 343.) Original condition.-The channel entrance to the harbor was obstructed by a bar 1.5 miles in width, over which was a limiting depth of 6 feet at mean low water. The channel was narrow, crooked, and subject to changes in location and depth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of March 2, 1829. Cost and expenditures under this project, prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1880, were $45,834.75 for new work. For further details of previous project see page 1747, annual report for 1915. 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 97 Existing project.-This provides for a channel 15 feet deep at mean low water, without prescribed width, through the bar at the entrance and for converging jetties of riprap, 6,987 feet and 5,755 feet long on the east and west sides, respectively, of the entrance. The mean range of the tide is 3.1 feet, and the maximum range due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 5 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $493,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous project. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the west jetty (H. Doc. No. 18, 46th Cong., 2d sess., and annual report for 1880, p. 423); the act of August 5, 1886, provided for the east jetty (annual report for 1885, p. 579); the acts of March 3, 1905, and March 2, 1907, pro- vided for dredging in the channel between the jetties, the estimate for which had not been included in the 1885 estimate. For latest published map see annual report for 1916, page 1912. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and local interests have expended for dredging and rock removal nearly $59,000. Terminal falcilities.-These consist of four piers privately owned but used by the public on payment of wharfage, affording a total of about 3,000 feet of docking space. Facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-So far as known, the project has had no effect on water rates, but the widening and deepening of the channel gives the use of the harbor to vessels of larger size. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance and improvement dredging in the entrance channel, under contract at the beginning of the year, was completed September 25, 1929. The channel was restored to project depth and 300 feet width and the turn outside of Brant Point was widened by 350 feet. There were removed during the year 131,297 cubic yards of material of which 79,229 were chargeable to new work. The total costs were $29,886.55 for new work and $19,552.49 for maintenance, a total of $49,439.04, and the expenditures $61,234.19. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 93 per cent completed. The channel has been dredged to project depth with a width of 300 feet, increased at the inner end, and to 12 feet depth for an additional width of 150 feet. The jetties have been built to varying height and cross section with a view to controlling and regulating the scour between them. The outer ends of the jetties are in fair condition, the balance being in good repair. On Septem- ber 30, 1929, the controlling depth at mean low water in the channel was about 16 feet. To complete the project, the west jetty is to be extended about 800 feet. The costs under the existing project have been $456,482.25 for new work and $192,265.83 for maintenance, a total of $648,748.08, and the expenditures $648,748.08. Proposed operations.-There are no funds to the credit of this improvement. The condition of the channel and jetties does not indicate any urgent necessity for maintenance. No additional funds can, there- 98 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 fore, be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, fish, automobiles, petroleum products, stone and gravel, and general package freight, carried in steamers, motor vessels, schooners and barges. There was an increase in tonnage of about 10 per cent due to increased receipts and shipments of freight and automobiles carried on the regular steamboat lines. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925...------ 51, 230 $12, 646, 379 79, 262 1928 .___ _ 53, 895 $14,103, 441 121,465 1926 -------... 52,041 12, 272, 291 76,676 1929 ... _____ 59, 074 17, 923,131 140, 511 1927 -------. 54,508 12, 762, 528 77,718 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------------------------- $502, 317. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-----------------------1___ 92, 265. 83 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ______________ 694, 582. 83 Net total expenditures-__------------------------- 694, 582. 83 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-- -- ____ _________ 694, 582. 83 I I I I 1926 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 cost~~ ofnwwr---------- Cost of new work_-......-------------- $41, 598. 76---------- -- l_ ---- $29, 886. 55 Cost of maintenance--------. --------- $41,t598. 76 ---------- $81.50 $12, 781. 46 19, 552. 49 cost_---.---------------------- )Total 41, 598. 76- ------- - 81. 50 12, 781. 46 49, 439.04 Total expended-------------------------- 41, 598. 76 _ -. ..... 81. 50 986. 31 61, 234. 19 •: - - i . . . Allotted---------.. -------------------------------------------- 55, 000. 00 6, 109. 33 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 -------------- ----- __ $55, 124. 86 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927--------------------------- $163. 51 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929--------------------------- 8, 000. 00 8, 163. 51 Amount to be accounted for---------------------------- .63, 288.37 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment----------------- 2, 054. 18 Net amount to be accounted for__------------------------ 61, 234. 19 Gross amount expended __------------------------------------ 61, 234. 19 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ----------------------------------- ------ 36, 518. 00 3. CROSS RIP SHOALS, NANTUCKET SOUND, MASS. Location and description.-Nantucket Sound lies south of Cape Cod and north of Nantucket and the eastern part of Marthas Vine- yard Islands. Cross Rip Shoals are a little southerly and easterly of the geographical center of the sound. They extend easterly from Cross Rip about 3 miles to Half Moon Shoal. They are about 17 miles east from Vineyard Haven on the island of Marthas Vineyard RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROV1DENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 99 and about 15 miles northwest from Nantucket Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1209.) Original condition.-The fairway through the sound was ob- structed by numerous disconnected and relatively narrow shoals extending easterly from Cross Rip and westerly from Half Moon Shoal with a clear channel between the ends of the extensions 30 to 33 feet deep at mean low water and about 3,000 feet wide. The sailing course for deep-draft vessels, about 3 miles in length past the shoals, was crooked and hazardous. The locality was exposed to severe storm and ice conditions and was a region of frequent fogs. The minimum depth over the shoals was about 23 feet. Previous project.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 4,000 feet: wide and 30 feet deep at mean low water between Half Moon Shoal and Cross Rip Shoal, about 1.7 miles. The mean tidal range is about 2 feet and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 3 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1928, is $27,000. The approved (1928) estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 182, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-None. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work on the existing project has not been commenced. The controlling depths, as determined in 1927, were 23 feet over the shoals and over 30 feet through the sailing course. There have been no costs or expenditures under the project. Proposed operations.--There are no funds to the credit of this improvement. To eliminate the hazards encountered at this locality, funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows : Operation of seagoing hopper dredge 1.1 months, at $22,000 per month__ $24, 200 Administration and engineering-------------------------------- 2, 800 Total for new work ---.--------------- ----- ----- 27, 000 Commercial statistics.-There are no available means for determin- ing the amount and value of the commerce which passes through this channel, as it forms a part of that reaching many of the ports on the North Atlantic coast. For the number and classes of vessels passing the light vessel at the eastern entrance to the sound, see report for Pollock Rip Shoals. Cost a & flnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930..,__ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_-- _---------- ------ Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ --------- ----- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------------------------------------- $27, 000 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for new work -- ------------------------- 27,000 100 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 4. NEW BEDFORD AND FAIRHAVEN HARBOR, MASS. Location and description.-New Bedford Harbor is a tidal estuary on the western side of Buzzards Bay, about 21 miles by water north- westerly from the harbor at Vineyard Haven, Mass., and about 42 miles to the eastward of Point Judith Harbor, R. I. It comprises an outer harbor about 3 miles long by 17/8 miles wide; an inner harbor about 2 miles long and three-fourths mile wide; and the tidal por- tion of the Acushnet River up to Belleville, about 2 miles. The eastern portion of the harbor is called Fairhaven Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 252.) Original condition.-The greater portion of the harbor was very shoal, and the channel through it had a minimum depth of only 121/2 feetat mean low water. The head of navigation was at Belle- ville, about 5 miles north of the entrance at Butler Flats. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of 1836 and modified and extended by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1875, and August 11, 1888. The costs and expenditures under this project prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1907 were $170,700 for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1748, Annual Report of 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep at mean low water and 350 feet wide from deep water in Buzzards Bay to a point just above the New Bedford-Fairhaven Bridge, nearly 5 miles, with increased widths for anchorage and maneuvering pur- poses in the areas north of Palmers Island and above the bridge; and a channel 100 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean low water from the 30-foot area north of Fish Island to Belleville, a distance of about 2 miles, with a turning basin at the upper end 300 feet wide. The mean range of the tide is 4 feet, and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $1,384,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $21,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1907, provided for a depth of 25 feet (H. Doc. No. 271, 59th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of March 3, 1909, provided for extending the 25-foot channel along the New Bedford wharf front near the bridge; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the 18-foot channel in the Acushnet River to Belleville (H. Doc. No. 442, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the 30-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 348, 71st Cong., 2d sess.); except that the width of the channel was limited to 350 feet. The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modficoations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, imposed the condition that local interests construct a new bridge at Coggeshall Street with a draw opening of at least 100 feet and build a substantial wharf upon the city property at Belleville, the name given to the northern part of the city. These conditions have not been met, and there is no present prospect of their being complied with. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 101 Under War Department permit the Commonwealth of Massa- chusetts has completed a channel 100 feet wide and 25 feet deep at mean low water from the upper end of the turning basin north of Fish Island to about 800 feet below the Coggeshall Street Bridge, at a cost of approximately $118,000. The Commonwealth has also con- structed in the harbor a modern steamship terminal at an approxi- mate cost, including dredging, of over $500,000. Terminal facilities.-These consist of piers and wharves with a total of about 18,300 feet of docking space, of which 2,520 feet are publicly owned, 3,850 feet privately owned but used by the public upon payment of wharfage, and 11,930 feet privately owned and so used. The wharves on the New Bedford side of the harbor have or can easily secure railroad connection. One on the Fairhaven side is so connected. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 18, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The deep water provided by the improve- ment has permitted the use of deeper-draft vessels and larger cargoes. These conditions have undoubtedly reduced the water rates, but to what extent is not known. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions, no costs, and no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 42 per cent completed. A 25-foot channel, turning basin, and anchorage area have been completed except for a few spots along the southern edge of the anchorage. The controlling depths as determined in November and December, 1928, were 25 feet in the entrance channel, nearly 25 feet in the channel through the basin and the turning basin above the bridge; 25 feet in the anchorage below the bridge except in the southwestern portion north of Palmers Island; and in the Acushnet about 23 feet to about 1,200 below the Coggeshall Street Bridge, and thence 7 feet to Belleville. The head of naviga- tion is about 7 miles north of the entrance, opposite Sconticut Point. To complete the project requires the deepening of the entrance channel, anchorage and maneuvering areas, and the dredging of the 18-foot channel up to Belleville. The costs under the existing project have been $581,914.05 for new work and $183,238.53 for maintenance, a total of $765,152.58, and the expenditures, $765,152.58. Proposed operations.-There are no funds to the credit of this improvement. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as the relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, petroleum products, lumber, and general package freight carried principally in steamers, motor vessels, and barges drawing from 8 to 241/2 feet. Increased traffic in coal and petroleum products caused an increase in tonnage of about 13 per cent over that reported for 1928. 102 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925........ 1, 033, 829 $129, 622, 261 169, 263 1927-------- 973, 309 $144, 760, 415 175, 134 1926-------- 1,062,239 133, 542, 006 167, 282 1928-------- 799, 658 135, 767, 850 205,293 1929-------- 903, 110 152, 334, 274 265, 803 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 --------------------------- $752, 614. 05 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------------- 183, 238. 53 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------935, 852. 58 Net total expenditures----------------- 935, 852. 58 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- 935, 852. 58 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------.......- -- --- $1, 250. 48 ... ............ Cost of maintenance--.........---_-_ .- $1, 744. 17 36, 617. 33 $373. 92............... Total cost.---...---.--.....---.-_. 1, 744. 17 37, 867. 81 373. 92 Total expended-------.------------- 1, 744. 17 37, 867. 81 476. 92 $1. 00 -- Allotted-. .--- -...-------------------.- - -..... 38, 500. 00--- . - -$2, 257. 42 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $2, 257. 42 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment.----------------- 2, 257. 42 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-- -------------------------------- 802, 000. CO 5. FALL RIVER HARBOR, MASS. Location and description.-Fall River Harbor is situated at the mouth of Taunton River, on the east side and at the head of Mount Hope Bay, which empties into the ocean through Narragansett Bay and Sakonnet River. There is but slight protection to the harbor from the southwest; from other directions it is practically land- locked. It extends about 51/2 miles in a northeast and southwest direction and is from one-fourth to 2 miles in width. It is about 18 miles northerly from Newport Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 353.) Original condition.-The approach channel through Mount Hope Bay had a ruling usable depth of about 21 feet at low tide, except for a distance of about 1 mile in the middle part of the bay, where the depth diminished to 15 feet. Along the water front in the reentrant in the wharf line above the Old Colony Steamboat Co.'s wharf the depth was only 6 feet, and a considerable area of the harbor, espe- cially at the north end, had a much less depth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 23, 1874. A second project adopted by the act of March 3, 1899, and extended by the acts of June 13, 1902, and June 25, 1910, provided for a channel 25 feet deep at mean low water, and 300 feet wide through Mount Hope Bay and Fall River Harbor and an anchorage basin of the same depth west of the harbor channel. The total cost and expenditures under these projects were $330,204.16 RIVERS AND HARBORS--PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 103 for new work and $81,410.31 for maintenance, a total of $411,614.47. For further details of these projects, see page 1749, Annual Report for 1915, and page 94, Annual Report for 1929. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep at mean low water and 400 feet wide through Mount Hope Bay and Fall River Harbor, about 6.8 miles, with increased width opposite the wharves below Slades Ferry Bridge, for the removal of the lower end of Hog Island Shoal, and for the maintenance of the 25-foot anchorage, about 42 acres in area, west of the harbor channel. The mean tidal range is 4.9 feet and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 8 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1929, is $420,000, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1929) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $11,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 158, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of 17 piers having 12,000 feet of docking space, and wharves affording 7,000 feet additional docking space. Three of the piers have direct railroad connection. One pier, belonging to the city of Fall River, is open to general public use. The facilities are considered adequate for the commerce of the port. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 18, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The increased depth in the approach channel and in the harbor provided by the previous project permits the entrance of larger vessels and cargoes and facilitates the handling of the large steamers of the Fall River Line to New York. It is be- lieved that the improvement has effected a decrease in the water rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions, no costs, and no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done under the existing project. The controlling depths at mean low water as deter- mined in 1928 are: Entrance channel and channel through the basin (not full width), 25 feet; balance of anchorage area, 22 to 25 feet. There have been neither costs nor expenditures under the existing project. Proposed operations.-There are no funds to the credit of this improvement. In order that the deep-draft commerce may secure some of the benefits of the deeper channel now authorized, funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, to provide additional depth in the existing channel, as follows: Operation of seagoing hopper dredge 6 months at $22,000 per month___ $132, 000 Administration, engineering and contingencies-__--- _______ 18, 000 Total---------------------------------------------- 150, 000 Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were petroleum products, coal, general package freight, and textiles, carried in steamers, motor vessels, and barges drawing 104 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 from 8 to 27 feet. There was a decrease of about 11 per cent from that reported for 1928, due principally to decreased traffic in petro- leum products. Comparative statement To and from Fall River Harbor In Transitto and from Taunton River 1 Year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value 1925--------------------------------- 2, 295, 654 $160, 386, 025 236, 605 28, 645 $284, 985 1926---------- -------------------- 2, 027, 906 125, 349, 130 227, 935 25, 742 233, 549 1927----------------------------------- 2, 887, 678 140, 312, 417 253, 339 13, 054 128, 784 1928......--- ....-------- ....... ..---------------------- 2, 751, 343 148, 108, 636 195, 622 9, 795 89, 475 1929--.....------------- --------------- 2, 437, 903 149, 254, 679 176, 999 21, 116 176, 826 1 Does not include cargoes rehandled or originating in Fall River. Cost and ftnmncial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------- $330,204.16 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------_------- ---------- 81, 410. 31 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 411, 614. 47 Net total expenditures ------------------------------------ 411, 614. 47 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------ 411, 614. 47 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work Cost of maintenance..... --------------------- $200. 88 $101. 07 $923. 99 ----- ----- Total expended.------ -------------------- 200.88 101. 07 923.99.. ..... .....- Allotted Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-- ----------------------------------- $420,000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for new work----------------------------------- 150, 000. 00 6. TAUNTON RIVER, MASS. Location and description.-Taunton River rises in Norfolk County, Mass., flows in a general south by west direction about 44 miles, and empties into Mount Hope Bay at Fall River. The river has a drainage area of about 516 square miles, with a mean fresh- water discharge of about 825 second-feet. It is tidal for 21 miles above its mouth to East Taunton Dam. Somerset, the lower end of the improvement, is about 6 miles above the mouth of the river. (See U. S. Geological Survey sheets Taunton and Fall River.) Original condition.-That portion of the river under improvement had in places a width of about 100 feet and a minimum depth of 1 foot. The channel was crooked and obstructed in many places by bowlders. A vessel of 30 tons was as large as could go up to Taun- ton. The head of navigation was at Taunton, about 15 miles above the mouth of the river. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 11, 1870. A second project authorized by the act of June 14, 1880, provided for a channel 12 feet deep at mean RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 105 high water 100 feet wide to Berkley Bridge, 80 feet wide to Briggs Shoal; thence 11 feet deep 80 feet wide to the shipyard, and 60 feet wide to Weir Bridge. The cost and expenditures under these proj- ects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1930 were $171,497.93 for new work and $32,831.26 for maintenance, a total of $204,329.19. For further details of these projects see Annual Re- ports for 1915 and 1929, pages 1748 and 96, respectively. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water generally 100 feet wide up to a point about 2,800 feet below Weir Bridge; thence 80 feet wide for about 2,000 feet, and thence 60 feet wide to the Bridge. The mean tidal range is 4.9 feet at the mouth, 4.8 at Dighton, and 4.2 feet at Weir Bridge. The maximum range, due to the combined effects of wind and other causes, is 8 feet or more at the mouth and at Dighton and about 6 feet at the head of navigation. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1930, is $780,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000, includ- ing maintenance of the turning basin to be constructed by local interests. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. \Io. 403, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, adopted the existing project subject to the provisions that local interests shall provide, at their own expense, a suitable turning basin near the head of navigation, and furnish, without cost to the United States, suitable bulkheaded areas for spoil disposal. These requirements have not been met, but preliminary steps to secure com- pliance are being undertaken by the local interests. Terminal facilities.-These consist of wharves, privately owned, but used to some extent by the public upon payment of wharfage, at Dighton, with docking space of about 480 feet; Church's wharf and Brigg's wharf, each 40 feet; North Dighton wharf, 180 feet; and Weir village, 5,460 feet; a total of 6,200 feet. There is no railroad connection with any of these wharves. A trolley line runs near to and parallel with the wharf line in Weir village. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2a sess.) Effect of improvement.-The deepening and widening of the channel under the previous project enabled vessels of light draft to carry full cargoes to Taunton without, as previously, lightering at Fall River. This benefit has been lost through increases in draft and capacity of the available cargo carriers. The improvement, in its present state, is inadequate for the type of vessels engaged in coastwise traffic. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-There were no operations, no costs, and no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done under the existing project. The 11 and 12 foot channels dredged under the previous project have suffered some deterioration in depth and width. 106 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 It is claimed by those using the channel constantly that it can not be used safely by vessels drawing more than 9 feet intending to make the round trip on one tide. The head of navigation is at Taunton. There have been neither costs nor expenditures under the existing project. Proposed operations.-There are no funds to the credit of this improvement. No work is contemplated during the fiscal year 1932, as the relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the river consists almost (entirely of coal, fuel oil, clay, and sand, more than 98 per cent of which was carried in barges and schooners drawing from 7 to 9 feet. There was a decrease of about 7 per cent in the tonnage from that reported for 1928, due to decrease in coal receipts. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925 --------------------- 71, 246 $563, 672 1928 ---------------------- 74, 826 $498, 523 1926 -------------- - 52, 980 405, 494 1929---------------------- 69, 255 448, 082 1927 ---------------------- 75,111 572, 876 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $171, 497. 93 ,Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------- ---- - _____- _ 32, 831.26 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930________-_ 204, 329. 19 Net total expenditures_------ ------ __________-_______- 204, 329. 19 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_____________________ 204, 329. 19 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 ...... Cost of new work .....................-------------------------.----------- Cost of maintenance--------------------- $116. 72 $8. 95 $14.34 - Total expended.----. .---.-------- - 116. 72 8. 95 14.34 Allotted-------------------------------500. 00------------------------------ - $359. 99 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----------------------------------- $359. 99 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-------------- 359. 99 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------- - 780, 000. 00 7. NEWPORT HARBOR, R. I. This project was completed during the fiscal year 1916, at a saving of $38,571 under the estimated cost. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, and there are no funds available. No work is now proposed, as the channel and anchorage areas are in a satis- factory condition to meet the demands of the present commerce. For a full description of this project, see Annual Report for 1924, page 77. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, refined petroleum products, sand and gravel, RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 107 fish, and general package freight carried in steamers, motor vessels, and barges drawing from 6 to 151/2 feet. There was a decrease in tonnage of about 10 per cent due to the absence of crushed stone traffic. Comparative statement .Receipts and shipments Ferry Year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value Passengers 1925__--------------------- 146, 532 $14, 220,157 151,574 230, 000 $92, 500, 000 500, 000 1926-- _------------------- 137, 486 9, 314, 464 123, 452 98, 500 34, 000, 000 432, 163 1927_----_----------------- 128, 984 11,140, 250 128, 514 122, 881 42, 060, 500 450,114 1928 --------------------- 129, 914 10, 332, 369 102, 089 124, 960 43, 254, 000 436, 558 1929------ --------------- 116, 140 7, 980, 913 67, 426 145, 451 50,183, 425 509, 650 Cost and finauncial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------------- $680, 025. 52 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------------- 24, 229. 79 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ------------ 704, 255. 31 Net total expenditures------------- ---------------------------- 704, 255. 31 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_ ------------- 704, 255. 31 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ... .. .. . .. .. .. Cost of maintenance-_- Total expended Allotted .----------------------------------------- 8. PROVIDENCE RIVER AND HARBOR, R. I. Location and description.-ProvidenceRiver is formed at the city of Providence by the junction of the Pawtucket (Seekonk) River and two small streams which rise in northern Rhode Island. It is tidal and flows southerly in a deep channel between broad flats about 8 miles, emptying into Narragansett Bay. It has a total drainage area of about 870 square miles and a mean fresh-water discharge of about 1,400 second-feet. The width varies from about 3 miles near the mouth to 1,400 feet at Fields Point and 200 feet at the head of' navigation. Providence Harbor is in that part of the river north-of Fields Point. The section included in the project is about 1.6 miles long and 800 to 1,800 feet wide. It is about 37 miles north of the- Point Judith harbor of refuge at the entrance to Narragansett Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 278.) Original condition.-Providence River was obstructed by many shoals, and at one point in the channel near the head of navigation the minimum depth was but 4.5 feet at mean low water. Providence Harbor was a shallow tidal basin, with a channel of about 12 feet depth and of varying widths. The heads of navigation were at Providence and at Pawtucket through its main branch, the Paw- tucket River. The navigable portion is about 8 miles in Providence River and 5 miles additional in Pawtucket River. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of August 30, 1852, and modified and extended by the river and 108 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 harbor acts of March 3, 1873, June 18, 1878, August 2, 1882, August 5, 1886, June 3, 1896, June 13, 1902, March 2, 1907, and June 25, 1910. The cost and expenditures under previous projects were $2,422,730.35 for new work and $58,538.96 for maintenance, a total of $2,481,269.31. For further details of previous projects see page 1750, Annual Report of 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an approach channel 30 feet deep at nfean low water and 600 feet wide through the river from the deep water of Narragansett Bay opposite North Point, on Popa- squash Neck, up to Fields Point, 8.8 miles, and thence with the same depth through the harbor, from 1,300 feet wide to 1,800 feet wide, reducing to 800 feet at Fox Point, and limited on the east and west sides by the harbor lines, excepting the area formerly known as Green Jacket Shoal, about 1.6 miles to Fox Point. The mean tidal range is about 4.7 feet and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 8 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $1,350,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $35,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 1369, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1915, page 2068. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, provided that " No part of this amount ($459,000, estimated cost of the work then provided for) shall be expended until satisfactory assurances that the city of Providence or other local agency will expend on the improvement of the harbor front in accordance with said document (H. Doc. 606, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) above referred to a sum equal to the amount herein appropriated and authorized." The proper assurances were promptly given and approved by the Secretary of War September 6, 1910. The river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, provided as follows: That no work in the harbor proper north of Fields Point shall be done until the Secretary of War is satisfied that the State and city have completed their proposed expenditures in the combined Providence and Pawtucket Harbors up to at least $2Z000,000 for public terminals or other permanent public harbor improvements. This was modified by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915 (Rivers and Harbors Com. Doc. No. 9, 63d Cong., 2d sess.), by the addition of the words- or shall have given to the Secretary of War assurance satisfactory to him that the expenditure of the $2,000,000 aforesaid will be completed within a time satisfactory to him and not later than three years from the passage of this amendment. This assurance was given the Secretary of War and was approved by him.June 11, 1915. The entire amount was expended by the State of Rhode Island and city of Providence prior to March 4, 1918. The Providence River above Fox Point to the head of navigation is maintained by the city to a depth of 20 feet at mean low water. Terminal facilities.-These consist of piers and wharves with a total docking space of 32,170 feet, of which 5,060 feet is publicly owned, about 7,020 feet is open for general public use upon payment of wharfage, and 20,090 feet is privately owned and used. Practi- RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 109 cally all of these wharves and piers are or can easily be connected with railroad lines which are in operation on all sides of the harbor. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. A marine railway capable of hauling out a vessel of 3,200 tons, with extensive facilities for marine repairs, has been established but is not now in operation. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 18, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The increased depth afforded by the im- provement has permitted the use of the larger and more economical units of transportation and has increased the development of the port as a distributing center for supplying central and southeastern New England with oil, coal, and lumber. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. The costs were $300 for plant depreciation, all applied to new work. The total expenditures were $3,677.62, applied to plant operations. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 98 per cent completed. The approach channel has been dredged to project depth, except for a rocky area southeasterly from Conimicut Light, from opposite North Point, on Popasquash Neck, to Fields Point. Above Fields Point the entire harbor up to Fox Point has been dredged to a depth of 30 feet. The controlling depths at mean low water are: Approach channel up to Fields Point, 30 feet (nearly full width), and in the harbor area as determined in 1930, 28 to 32 feet in the central portions and 26 to 29 feet along the sides; Green Jacket Shoal (not included in existing project), 22 to 26 feet. To complete the project requires the removal of a ledge or bowlder ridge in the eastern part of the entrance channel south of Conimicut Light. The total costs under the existing project have been $1,303,924.70 for new work and $279,949.18 for maintenance, a total of $1,583,873.88, and the expenditures $1,605,921.09. Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended on June 30, 1930, amounted to $261,668.57. It is proposed to apply these funds to maintenance and improvement dredging in the channel and harbor area and in the channel south of Conimicut Light, as follows: Dredging in the channel and harbor area, by contract (September, 1930, to September, 1931), 1,200,000 cubic yards at 16 cents per cubic yard----------------------------------------------- $192, 000.00 Administration and inspection .___......_____________ - 18, 668.57 Total for maintenance_______________________----- 210, 668. 57 Rock removal south of Conimicut Light, by contract (September to December, 1930), 1,330 cubic yards at $35 per cubic yard ____ 46, 550.00 Administration and inspection ----------------------------------- 4, 450. 00 Total for new work-------------------------------------- 51, 000. 00 The removal of this rock will complete the existing project. The completion of the work as contemplated above will leave the project in condition to serve traffic for at least two more years. No additional funds can, therefore, be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Comimeroial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were petroleum products, coal, general package freight, 110 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 lumber, and stone, carried in steamers, motor vessels, and barges drawing from 8 to 291/2 feet. Of the total traffic, about 47 per cent was petroleum products, and about 351/2 per cent was coal. All coastwise traffic to and from Pawtucket (Seekonk) River passes through Providence Harbor in transit. There was an increase in tonnage of about 11 per cent over that reported for 1928, due to increased traffic in petroleum products and textiles. Comparative statement To and from Providence In transit Year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value Passengers 1925----.---------------4, 885, 758 $462,345, 265 294,865 286, 937 $39,649,974 6,402 1926...-------------------5, 294, 370 437, 480, 340 254, 573 338, 000 55,131, 000 (1) 1927----....---------------5, 118, 547 461,404, 824 278,227 258, 649 59, 670, 081 (1) 1928.....-------------------4, 876,796 433, 039, 805 373,827 314, 416 45, 379, 756 (1) 1929....------------------ 5, 403, 637 463, 395, 511 410, 564 432,873 44, 820, 526 (1) 1No data available. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------_ $3, 726, 655.05 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 338, 488. 14 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 4,065, 143. 19 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930-- ----------- 22, 391. 82 Net total cost to June 30, 1930------------4,087, 535. 01 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930----------------- 344. 61 Net total expenditures----------------------------- 4, 087, 190. 40 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------------------- 261, 668. 57 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 4, 348, 858. 97 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------------------- $46, 599. 03 $3, 186, 79 $4, 698.06 $1, 113.48 $300.00 Cost of maintenance_---------------------- 88. 14 93, 292. 56 35, 787.70 .......... - Total cost ..... ... ....----... ........ 46, 687. 17 96, 479. 35 40, 485.76 1, 113.48 300. 00 Total expended -- .- --- ------ .-- --- --...... 46, 687. 17 96, 479. 35 42, 185. 11 -321. 43 3, 677. 62 Allotted----------.-----------------__. 100, 000. 00I ......... 25, 000.00 ............ 258, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 --------------------- $7, 346. 19 Amount alloted from War Department .appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ------------------------------------------ 261, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for _ __-_-_-_-_-268, _ 346. 19 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-------- __ 3, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for...._____________ _____ 265,346. 19 Gross amount expended-----___ _____________________ 3-, 677. 62 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 __________-----------261, 668. 57 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_________________________ 595. 95 Ralance available June 30, 1930_____________----------261, 072.62 RIVERS AND HARBORS--PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 111 9. PAWTUCKET (SEEKONK) RIVER, R. I. Location and description.-This river rises in the vicinity of Worcester, Mass., and flows in a general southeasterly direction for about 52 miles, emptying into Providence Harbor at Providence. Between Providence and Pawtucket, a distance of 5.2 miles, within which lies the improved portion, the river is tidal. Above Pawtucket the river is used for power and manufacturing purposes, and is known as the Blackstone. The total drainage area is about 540 square miles, and the mean fresh-water discharge is about 864 second- feet. The width between the shores varies from about 100 feet, be- tween the wharves at Pawtucket, to about 2,700 feet in the widest portions. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 278.) Original condition.-The river between Providence and Pawtucket was a shoal tidal basin, with a ruling depth in the channel of about 5 feet at mean low tide. The basin was wide and the channel narrow and obstructed by two bridges with badly arranged draws. Navi- gation was difficult even for small vessels. The head of navigation was at Pawtucket Falls, about 5.2 miles above the mouth of the river. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of March 2, 1867, and modified and extended by the river and harbor acts of July 5, 1884, and March 3, 1899. The cost and expenditures under this project, prior to operations under the existing project in 1906, were $334,425.32 for new work. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1749. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 16 to 18 feet deep at mean low water and 150 to 230 feet wide from Red Bridge up to the ledge rock between the wharves at Pawtucket, 3.2 miles; thence with same depths 100 to 60 feet wide through the ledge to Division Street Bridge, 0.2 mile. The mean tidal range is about 4.7 feet at the mouth of the river and about 5 feet at Pawtucket, and the maxi- mum ranges due to the combined effect of wind and other causes are about 8 and 7 feet, respectively. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1922, was $423,035, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects but includ- ing the expenditure of funds contributed by the State of Rhode Island to the amount of $67,792. The latest (1928) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1905, provided for the 16-foot channel from Red Bridge, in Providence, to Division Street Bridge, in Pawtucket (H. Doc. No. 113, 56th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 3, 1909, authorized the expenditure of any balance remaining after the completion of work then under contract in deepening the channel to 18 feet at mean low water and increasing the width at such places as would best serve the interests of navigation; the act of March 2, 1919, provided for widening the channel except through the ledge at Pawtucket to 150 feet (H. Doc. No. 1283, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of September 22, 1922, provided for the present width of channel through the ledge at Pawtucket (H. Doc. No. 654, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Docu- ment No. 1283, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. 11714--ENG 1930----8 112 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of May 2, 1907, re- quired that the State of Rhode Island, or other agency, should con- tribute $67,792, which was complied with. The State of Rhode Island has also built a public wharf, 700 feet in extent, with a ware- house and suitable approaches, at a cost of about $234,000. Terminal facilities.-Including the terminals at and near Phillips- dale, four in number, these cover about 4,940 feet of docking space, of which 700 feet is owned by the State of Rhode Island and 4,240 feet owned and used by private owners. Of the latter, some portions are at times used by the public upon payment of wharfage. The wharves at Phillipsdale have near-by rail connections in the yards of the owners. The other wharves are not conveniently located for rail connection. The facilities are considered adequate for the exist- ing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The increased width and depth in the channel enables vessels of larger size to reach Pawtucket and has enabled one of the large manufacturing plants at Phillipsdale to bring its coal and raw material from New York points in its own vessels. These conditions tend toward increased economy in the handling of the commerce of the port. The freight line to New York materially facilitates the delivery of valuable package freight. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions and no costs. Expenditures were $2.03. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1927 at a saving of $17,454 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth at mean low water as determined in 1929 was 17 feet to Phil- lipsdale and thence 16 feet to Division Street. The head of naviga- tion is at the head of Pawtucket Falls, about 5.2 miles above the mouth of the river. The costs under the existing project have been $337,788.85 for new work, and $177,966.60 for maintenance, a total of $515,755.45, and the total expenditures $515,755.45. In addition, the sum of $67,792 was expended from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-There are no funds to the credit of this improvement. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as the channel is believed to be in condi- tion to meet the requirements of commerce for two more years. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were coal, fuel and gas oil, gasoline, copper bars, steel rods, pig iron, and general package freight carried in steamers, motor vessels, and barges drawing from 7 to 18 feet. There was an increase in tonnage of about 271/2 per cent, due to increased traffic of petroleum products. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925 1_._.____.------.._ 286, 937 $39, 975, 070 1928.......------------------- 386, 626 $46, 107, 781 1926-- -... .-. 276, 100 25, 070, 947 1929-....... -. -- 493, 510 45, 577, 534 1927- .....- -- - 302, 535 40, 835, 649 1 6,402 passengers handled in 1925. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 113 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_________--------------__-_ $672, 214. 17 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__------------------- 177, 966. 60 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 850, 180. 77 Net total expenditures 50, 180. 77 8---------------------------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 --- __--------------- 850, 180. 77 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ...-------------------. $60, 346. 44 . Cost of maintenance------------------. ------------ $793. 21 362. 05 $62, 673. 12 Total cost------------------- ------------ . --- ..- 793. 21 60, 708. 49 62, 673. 12 ............ Total expended- - - . -.-- 793. 21 59, 889. 63 62, 782. 41 $2. 03 Allotted -------------------------------------- 60,500. 0 72, 000 72,000.0..--------.-9,032. 72 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__ ____ ______-----___- $9, 034.75 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment------------------ 9, 032. 72 Net amount to be accounted for __--------____-__- 2. 03 Gross amount expended-------------------------------------------- 2. 03 10. HARBOR OF REFUGE AT POINT JUDITH, R. I. The existing project was completed in 1921 at a saving of $166,033 under the estimated cost. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and there are no funds available. No maintenance work is contemplated as the breakwaters are in fair repair. For a full description of this project, see Annual Report for 1929, page 105. Commercial statistics.-There are no commercial wharves in this harbor. During the calendar year 1929 a total of 854 vessels- steamers, schooners, barges, and miscellaneous craft, including yachts--sought refuge behind the breakwater. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------- _-------- ____ $2, 371, 467. 55 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-----____-------__-- - 463, 208. 73 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 2, 834, 676. 28 Net total expenditures-------------------------------------- 2, 834, 676. 28 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_-----_______-___ 2, 834, 676. 28 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work... Cost of maintenance --------------------- $257. 68 $22,890. 25 $138, 758.19 $64, 637. 12 -------------------------- Total expended__ 257. 68 22, 890. 25 117, 468. 01 87, 359. 71--. Allotted.. ----------------------------- ..... 71, 000. 00 160, 000.00 ---------------.-.- $3, 024. 35 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ ... . ____..- __- _______ $3, 024.35 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment__----------- - 3, 024. 35 114 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 11. HARBOR OF REFUGE AT BLOCK ISLAND, R. I. Location and description.-This harbor is on the east side of Block Island, near the south end of the inner curve of the shore line, and varies in width from about 1,200 to 200 feet in an easterly and westerly direction in a length of about 1,800 feet north and south,. and is protected from the southeast to north by breakwaters. It is 13 miles south-southwest from Point Judith Harbor and about 25 miles southeasterly from Stonington Harbor, Conn. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 276.) Originalcondition.-The site of the harbor was on the ocean shore, unprotected except by the shore line of the island, which formed a partial shelter from southerly and westerly storms. There was no natural harbor on the island and the small boats used by the fisher- men were hauled up on the beach by oxen for safety during storms. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a rubble-mound breakwater extending northerly about 1,950 feet from the shore; a similar break- water about 1,100 feet long, extending northerly and easterly, inclos- ing, with the main breakwater, an area about 800 feet square desig- nated as the inner harbor; masonry walls in the southeastern corner of the inner harbor inclosing an area nearly 300 feet square desig- nated as the basin; and for dredging to a depth of 15 feet at mean low water the outer protected area and about 67 per cent of the inner harbor and of the basin. The mean tidal range is about 3 feet, and the maximum range, due to the combined effects of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $615,300. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 11, 1870, provided for the main break- water (Annual Report for 1868, p. 785, and S. Misc. Doc. No. 81, 40th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of August 5, 1886, provided for the breakwater inclosing the inner harbor (S. Doc. No. 27, 48th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1885, p. 610) ; the act of June 3, 1896, provided for raising the crest of the main breakwater and making it sand tight (H. Doc. No. 83, 54th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of July 25, 1912, made final provision for the basin walls and for the present dimensions of the dredged areas (H. Doc. No. 828. 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project. It is recommended that this project be modified by eliminating the dredging of the outer harbor west of the entrance channel (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of one wharf publicly owned with about 500 feet of docking space and one privately owned and used with about 180 feet of docking space. In addition, fishermen in small boats land their fares alongside the basin walls. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvemen.-So far as is known no effect has been produced on water rates, but the building of the breakwaters has RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 115 :afforded an excellent shelter for the fishing boats on the east side of the island, and the deepening and widening of the channel allows vessels of greater draft and size to reach the wharves. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions and no costs. The expenditures amounted to $333.50, applied to maintenance survey. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 94 per cent completed. The breakwater and harbor walls were com- pleted in 1916. The inner harbor and basin have been dredged to proper dimensions and a channel 60 to 130 feet wide and 15 feet deep has been dredged from deep water outside of the harbor up to the town wharf. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1930, in the channel through the outer and inner harbors to the head of the basin was nearly 14 feet, and in the inner harbor nearly 15 feet, except at the edges. The breakwater and basin walls are in fair condition. To complete the project requires the deepening of the outer protected area adjacent to the dredged channel. The costs have been $576,856.47 for new work and $86,599.73 for maintenance, a total of $663,456.20, and the expenditures a total of $663,751.64. Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended on June 30, 1930, amounted to $3,415.10. It is proposed to apply these funds to main- tenance dredging in the channel through the harbor and basin, by contract during the summer of 1930, exhausting the funds by August 1. As the inner section of the channel requires redredging at approx- imately 2-year intervals, funds should be available in the spring of 1932 for removing the anticipated shoals. Funds can, therefore, be profitably expended during the calendar year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Removing 12,000 cubic yards of sand ------------------------- $6, 360 Administration, inspection, and contingencies------------------------ 640 Total for maintenance -- _________--7, 000 This amount is in excess of the average annual expenditure for maintenance during the preceding five years, since dredging is usually carried on at intervals of two or three years. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, gasoline, and general package freight car- ried in steamers, motor vessels, and barges drawing from 7 to 10 feet. In addition to the recorded traffic, there is a considerable tonnage of fish handled over the wharves, or passed in and out of the harbor on fishing boats, for which no record of quantity or number of vessel movements is available. There was a decrease in tonnage of about 18 per cent under that reported for 1928, due to decreased shipments of fish on the regular boat lines. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925-------........ 8, 377 $1, 704, 078 31, 513 1928....-------- 6, 651 $1, 853, 971 92, 533 1926-------........ 5, 998 1, 794, 583 29, 449 1929....-------- 5, 451 1, 733, 129 42, 694 1927 -------- 6, 183 1,830, 966 29, 981 116 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and finaucial summazry Cost of new work to June 30, 1930___ ____________ ___ $576, 856.47 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------- 86, 599. 73 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 _____.___ 663, 456. 20 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------------ 295. 44 Net total cost to June 30, 1930__------------------------- 663, 751.64 Net total expenditures ------------------- ----------------- 663, 751. 64 Unexpected balance June 30, 1930---------------------------- 3, 415. 10 ------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930___ 667, 166. 74 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .... ... ... ...... Cost of maintenance....------------------$122. 05 $20. 49 $4, 174. 95 $8, 192. 44-------- Total expended-.. 122. 05 .---------------------- 20. 49 388. 84 11, 940. 49 $333. 50 Allotted. ...----.----------------- . 000. 00 10, 000.00----------------- -6, Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----------------------------$3, 748.60 Gross amount expended__--------------------------------- 333. 50 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 , 415. 10 3-------------__ Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1______------------------ 38, 444. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1 30, 1932, for maintenance ____ __ ----------- 7, 000. 00 12. GREAT SALT POND, BLOCK ISLAND, R. I. This project is about 34 per cent completed. There are no funds available and no expenditures were made during the fiscal year. No work is now proposed, as the improvement appears to be in condition to meet the requirements of existing commerce. For a full descrip- tion of this project see Annual Report for 1924, page 90. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, fish, petroleum products, empty barrels for fish, and general package freight, carried in steamers and motor vessels drawing from 6 to 11 feet. There was an increase in ton- nage of about 33 per cent over that reported for 1928, all classes of freight showing an increase over the previous year. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925........ 3, 931 $869, 995 19, 524 1928-------- 3, 057 a $201, 462 11, 188 1926....... 3, 763 722, 821 23, 757 1929-------- 4, 054 315, 061 22, 535 1927-------- 3, 037 490, 342 18, 400 a The decrease in value during the year was due to decreased receipts of general package freight. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 117 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------- $189, 036.65 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 24,173.03 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 213, 209. 68 Net total expenditures----- ----- ------------------------- 213, 209. 68 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 __ ------- 213, 209. 68 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..-- Cost of maintenance.--- Total expended___ Allotted.... Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-. _______________$370, 000.00 13. PAWCATUCK RIVER, R. I. AND CONN. Location and description.-This river is formed by the junction of the Wood and Charles Rivers in southwestern Rhode Island and flows westerly and southerly 18 miles and enters Little Narragansett Bay about 13 miles east of New London Harbor. Its drainage area is about 313 square miles. The mean annual fresh water discharge is about 475 second-feet. The lower 9 miles is the boundary between Rhode Island and Connecticut. The river is tidal to Westerly, R. I., 5 miles from the mouth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 358 and 1211.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was 41/2 feet through the bay; in the river the depth was 1 to 11/2 feet and the channel was crooked and obstructed by numerous shoals and rocks. The head of navigation was and is at Westerly, 5 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and modified by the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886. The cost and expenditure prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1896, and exclusive of $35,856.96 expended on the improvement of Little Narragansett Bay between 1876 and 1884, were $97,500.01, all applied to new work. For fur- ther details of previous projects see page 1752 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel in Little Narragan- sett Bay and in the river 10 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide from Stonington to Avondale, about 4 miles; 100 feet wide from Avondale to the lower wharves at Westerly, about 3 miles; and 40 feet wide between the lower and upper wharves of Westerly, about one-half mile; and for the removal of obstructions at Watch Hill, at the southeastern part of the Little Narragansett Bay. The mean tidal range is 2.6 feet at the mouth of the river and 2.3 feet at the head of navigation, and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. 118 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $150,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the present chan- nel dimensions (H. Doc. No. 62, 54th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the removal of obstructions at Watch Hill. The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In 1875-76 wharf owners contributed about $2,000, one-half of the expense, for dredg- ing in the upper end of the improvement. In 1929, local interests expended about $18,000 for removing boulders and easing bends in the river channels. Obstructive boulders have been removed from the bay at Watch Hill by the Watch Hill Improvement Association at a cost of $1,025. Terminal facilities.-There are at present in commercial use eight bulkhead and pile wharves located near the head of navigation at Westerly and Pawcatuck. These wharves are all privately owned, but at least two are open to public use on equal terms. There is on the river an old wharf to which the town of Westerly claims title, but the structure is in poor condition and has not been used for many years. There are several other old and unused wharves at Westerly and along the river. The wharves in use have no direct connection with the railroad, but access may be had to all over im- proved highways. The facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement affords the town of Westerly the benefit of water transportation, which could not be carried on under modern conditions in the river in its natural state. The improvement has resulted in a reduction of the water rates on bulk commodities. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-There were no operations and no costs. Expenditures amounted to $9.52. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 57 per cent completed. The channels have been dredged to project dimensions, except that the channel in the bay has a general width of 100 feet, the channel in the river at Pawcatuck Rocks a width of 80 feet, and there is a slight deficiency in depth at the channel edges in the vicinity of Rhodes Folly Beacon, due to ledge rock or large bowlders deeply embedded in the bottom. The most obstructive bowlders in the vicinity of Watch Hill have been removed, the work being completed in 1913. The controlling depths as determined in 1924 are about 10 feet to the head of navigation at Westerly and 6 feet to Watch Hill. The work required to complete the project is the widening of the channel to 200 feet to Avondale and the removal of rock at Pawcatuck Rocks and in the vicinity of Rhodes Folly Beacon. The costs under the existing project have been $85,335.10 for new work and $82,849.52 for maintenance, a total of $168,184.62, and the expenditures a total of $168,184.62. Proposed operations.-There are no funds to the credit of this improvement. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 119 No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as the present channel dimensions are be- lieved to be sufficient to meet the requirements of existing traffic. Commercial statistics.-Coal was the principal item of freight for the calendar year and was carried in box barges drawing from 9 to 12 feet. Petroleum products were carried in barges and motor ves- sels; timber was carried in lighters. Barges of large capacity lightly loaded were used to secure a maximum load for minimum draft. There was an increase in tonnage of about 7 per cent over that re- ported for 1928, due to increased receipts of refined petroleum products. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925------ --------------- 25, 002 $236, 069 1928. _-.................... 23, 589 $297, 865 1926 --------------------- 28, 291 261, 055 1929---------------------....................... 25, 350 370, 647 1927-..----.-- -------- - 26, 999 237, 918 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_----------------- ______ $182, 835. 11 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_________________--- _ __ 82, 849. 52 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_____-- ____ 265, 684. 63 Net total expenditures____-------- - --------- ----- ___ 265, 684. 63 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_ ___.----______- - 265, 684. 63 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.....-------------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance--............--------........--------....-- $193.07 $434.33 $3, 107.03 $410.77 ........... Total expended.------------ ------------- 193. 07 434. 33 560. 95 2, 947.33 $9. 52 Allotted-..------ ----------------------------- ------------ 2, 900. 00 ------------ -715.37 Balance expended July 1, 1929----------------------------------- $724. 89 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment __ ---------- 715. 37 Net amount to be accounted for__--------------- ---------- 9. 52 Gross amount expended______--------------------- ---- -9. 52 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_ ___--------_ _ 64, 600. 00 14. STONINGTON HARBOR, CONN. Except for a slight deficiency in width across Noyes Shoal, this project was completed in 1897. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and there are no funds available. No work is now proposed, as the breakwaters and channels are in a condition to satis- factorily meet the demands of commerce for several years. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1919, page 202. Commercial statistics.-Coal and sand were the principal items of freight reported for the calendar year and were transported in steamers, barges, and motor vessels drawing from 7 to 12 feet of water. In addition to the reported tonnage, the local fishing fleet landed approximately 2,500 tons of fish during the season. Coin- 120 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 mercial vessels and yachts use Stonington Harbor for refuge and a large part of the commerce of Pawcatuck River passes through the harbor in transit. A motor vessel freight service was added during the year. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925-.-------------------- 6, 221 $222,992 1928-------------.... -7, 607 990 306, 1926__-- . 7, 797 351,681 1929..-------------------7, 673 451,139 1927..................... 6, 876 334,887 Passengers, 1929, 7,894. Cost and financial summary .Costof new work to June 30, 1930-----------------------------$337, 453.83 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------- 6,000. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 343, 453. 83 Net total expenditures_-------------- 343, 453. 83 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------------343, 453.83 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....-- ------------ --- -" Cost of maintenance.------------ - - -- - -- - - - -- - -------------------- Total expended.....................------------ ------------ -------- --------- ------- Allotted-----------.............. ........... Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------ -------------------------------------- $2,500. 00 15. MYSTIC RIVER, CONN. Except for slight deficiencies in width above the highway bridge at Mystic, the project was completed in 1913. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and there are no funds available. No work is now proposed, as the channels are in good condition and appear to meet the demands of the present commerce. (For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1919, p. 204.) Commercial statistics. Coal was the principal freight reported for the calendar year and was transported in barges. There is a local fishing fleet of about 75 vessels, about 20 per cent of which have a draft of from 8.to 10 feet. It is estimated that 3,000 tons of fish are landed by the fleet at Noank and Mystic during the season. There was an increase of about 7 per cent over that reported for 1928 due to increased coal receipts. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925--...------------------ 16, 634 $586, 813 1928---------------------20,810 $642,912 1926-- -- -- - 18,915 636, 227 1929----- -22, 257 451, 228 1927- --------------- 22, 240 650,542 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 121 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------$48, 125. 50 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------------- 134. 50 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_------------- 48, 260. 00 Net total expenditures----- __ ------------------------- 48, 260. 00 'Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------- 48, 260. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .. Cost of maintenance_ Total expended-...- _ -- , _ Allotted_ ..... Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------------------ $2, 600.00 16. NEW LONDON HARBOR, CONN. Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, at its eastern end, and about 14 miles east of the mouth of the Connecticut River. It comprises the lower 3 miles of the Thames River, including Shaws and Winthrops Coves, both lying on the westerly side near its head, and is from about one- fourth to 11/4 miles wide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 293.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth in the main channel to the head of the harbor was 26 feet for a width from about one-eighth to one-half mile; along the New London wharf front, 10 to 15 feet; in Shaws Cove, 21/2 to 8 feet; and in Winthrops Cove, 7 to 14 feet. , Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, as a part of the improvement of the Thames River and as a separate project by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. A project for Shaws Cove, as a part of the improvement of the Thames River, was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. The cost and expenditures prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1902 were $19,800 applied to new work in New London Harbor and $21,000 applied to new work in Shaws Cove, a total of $40,800. For further details of previous projects see page 1753 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 600 feet wide, 33 feet deep, and about 31/2 miles long from Long Island Sound to the natural deep water in the upper harbor; a channel 400 feet or more in width, 23 feet deep, and about 6,000 feet long skirting. the water front of the city; and for dredging Shaws Cove to a depth of 15 feet. The plane of reference is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 2.4 feet. The maximum tidal range, due to the com- bined effects of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The esti- mate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $543,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1914) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,300. 122 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the water-front channel (H. Doc. No. 392, 56th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for dredging in Shaws Cove (H. Doc. No. 329, 60th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of July 27, 1916, provided for the entrance channel (H. Doc. No. 613, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Pursuantto a provision in the river and har- bor act of July 27, 1916, requiring local cooperation precedent to the expenditure of funds appropriated in accordance with the report in House Document No. 613, Sixty-third Congress, second session, the State of Connecticut has completed at an expense of approximately $1,000,000 the essential portions of its terminal development, con- sisting of a pier 1,000 feet by 200 feet in size, provided with approach channels and vessel berths, affording depths of 35 feet at mean low water, and equipped with storage warehouse, cargo-handling, and railroad facilities. Expenditure of funds appropriated by the above act was authorized by the Secretary of War September 8, 1916. Terminal facilities.-The wharves served by this improvement are, with few exceptions, of pile and timber construction. The total developed shore frontage is nearly 3 miles. The total length of berthing space available is about 19,755 feet, of which 2,920 is owned by the State and the municipalities. Of the remaining 16,835 feet, 6,700 feet is open to public use. Several other wharves are owned or leased by Government agencies for departmental uses. About 36 per cent of the terminals have railroad connections and transfer facilities. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 18, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to materially reduce rates on water-borne freight and has resulted in an increasing use of the harbor by deep-draft ocean-going vessel i. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Maintenance dredg- ing under contract restored the channel in Winthrops Cove by the removal of 88,505 cubic yards of ordinary material and 50.101 cubic yards of bowlders. The costs were $20,591.01, applied to mainte- nance. Expenditures amounted to $20,570.46. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 86 per cent completed. The channels along the water front and in Shaws Cove were completed in 1913. The entrance channel is about 83 per cent completed. To complete the project requires the further dredging of the entrance channel. The controlling depths at mean low water are: Main channel from entrance to State Terminal, 29 feet, ascertained in 1921; channel along the water front, except in Winthrops Cove, nearly 21 feet, ascertained in 1928; Winthrops Cove, 24 feet on June 30, 1930; Shaws Cove, 9 to 14 feet, ascertained in 1927. The costs under the existing project have been $467,487.35 for new work and $29,503.66 for maintenance, a total of $496,991.01, and the total expenditures, $496,991.01. Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended on June 30, 1930, amounted to $4,245.48. These funds will be reported for revocation. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 123 No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as maintenance is not necessary, and the present dimensions of the entrance channel are sufficient for exist- ing commerce. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were general steamboat freight (including sugar, copper, and crude rubber), coal, lumber, fish, and automobiles, carried in steamers, barges, and schooners drawing from 9 to 281/2 feet. One local ferry line was discontinued in the early part of 1929. There was an increase in tonnage of about 71/2 per cent over that reported for 1928 due to increased receipts of steamboat freight carried on the regular transportation lines. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers 1 Year Tons Value Passengers 1925-------- 631, 044 $280, 697, 973 145, 579 1928--------...... 686, 924 $237, 769, 095 2 156, 557 1926 ..... 688, 812 301, 404, 342 151, 776 1929-------......- 738, 901 250, 643, 867 8 171, 431 1927--.. ... 766, 654 261, 811, 296 165, 475 1 Does not include passengers carried on ferry. 2 In addition 277,955 passengers were carried by ferry. 3 In addition 1,229 passengers were carried by ferry. Cost and financial summary Cost o)f new work to June 30, 1930 _____________________________ $508, 287.35 Cost o)f maintenance to June 30, 1930__________________________ 29, 503. 66 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930______________ 537, 791. 01 Net to )tal expenditures____________________________ 537, 791. 01 Unexptended balance June 30, 1930___---__________________________ 4, 245. 48 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930________________ 542, 036. 49 i i Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work _. .. .. . .... Cost of maintenance--__. __-___-_____ -- $140. 52 $57. 37 $20, 591.01 17 ---- - - $20, $21.... $218. 17-::::::::::::: 591.01 =1 ------- 1--- Total expended____--........- -_____-_ 140. 52 57. 37 218. 17 $20. 55 $20, 570.46 f I f _ --- --- Allotted ................... ......... ....... - . 20, 000. 00 4, 836.49 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ____ _----------__ -------- $19, 979.45 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927---------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for - --- -- -- 24, 979. 45 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment--- ------- -__163. 51, Net amount to be accounted for---------------------_______ 24, 815. 94 Gross amount expended---------------------------------------- 20, 570. 46 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------_ 4, 245. 48 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1------------------------------ - 75, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 124 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 17. THAMES RIVER, CONN. Location and description.-This river is a tidal estuary varying in width from about 400 feet to three-fourths of a mile, and extending from the junction of the Yantic and Shetucket Rivers at Norwich, Conn., 15 miles southerly to Long Island Sound at New London. The improvement includes the upper 12 miles, the lower 3 miles being included under New London Harbor. The drainage area is about 1,473 square miles. The average discharge of the river at Norwich approximates 2,500 second-feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 359.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depths and widths were: New London to Bartletts Crossover, 4 miles, 26 feet deep and 250 feet wide; Bartletts Crossover to Allyns Point, 2 miles, 13 feet deep and 300 feet wide; and thence 6 miles to the head of navigation at Norwich, about 6 feet deep and generally narrow. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836, and modified by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879, to provide a depth of 14 feet at mean low water. The cost and expenditures prior to operations under the existing project in 1882 were $184,943.46, of which $148,347.59 was for new work and $36,595.87 was for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1754 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 25 feet deep and 250 feet wide to the upper end of Bartletts Crossover and thence 200 feet wide to Allyns Point; thence 18 feet deep and 200 feet wide to Norwich; the construction of five training walls, with their tops at mean high water, located, respectively, at Mohegan, pile and stone, about 2,750 feet long; Trading Cove, riprap, 2,325 feet long; Long Rock, riprap, about 2,750 feet long; Rolling Mill, riprap, about 3,300 feet long; and Norwich, riprap, 1,050 feet long; and the re- moval of obstructions in the Shetucket River at Norwich. The plane of reference is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 2.4 feet at New London, 2.7 feet at Allyns Point, and 2.5 feet at Norwich. The maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $818,200, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $24,300. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 2, 1882, provided for training walls above Allyns Point and for the present channel widths (Annual Report for 1882, p. 606); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for a depth of 20 feet to Allyns Point (H. Doc. No. 265, 59th Cong., 2d .ess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for removal of obstructions in the Shetucket River (H. Doc. No. 397, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of January 21, 1927, provided for the present channel depth above Allyns Point (H. Doc. No. 107, 69th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the present channel dimensions up to Allyns Point (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 14, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in the above-mentioned documents. Recomm.ended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were prescribed by law at the time of the adoption or modification of the RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 125 project. In 1835-36 the Merchants Bank of Norwich expended $3,679 in dredging channels in the vicinity of Norwich. Terminal facilities.-Wharves along the river and at Norwich are mainly of the bulkhead type, both with and without pile aprons. Of these, four along the river and one at Norwich have direct rail- road connection and transfer facilities. There is a municipal wharf at Norwich not provided with cargo-handling machinery. Eight or more of the privately owned wharves along the river and at Norwich are open to the public on equal terms, but not all of these are in commercial use at the present time, The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of irnprovement.-The work done has reduced the cost of water transportation by increasing the available draft from 8 feet to 16 and 22 feet. The river commerce of the present day could not be carried except for the increased depths thus obtained. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Improvement dredging under contract, in progress at the beginning of the fiscal year, was suspended October 15, 1929, and the contractor's right to proceed was terminated. When operations were suspended there had been removed, during the fiscal year, 690,299 cubic yards of ordinary ma- terial, of which 67,600 cubic yards were chargeable to main- tenance, and 13.49 cubic yards of bowlders, and the channel had been deepened thereby to a point about 1,000 feet above Sand. Pier Light. The costs were $148,939.08 for new work and $16,104.57 for maintenance, a total of $165,043.65. Expenditures amounted to $177,865.02. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 67 per cent completed. The training walls were completed in 1906, ex- cept the upper end of the Rolling Mill Dike, which is replaced by adjacent shore improvements. The channels have been dredged to 200 feet width, 20 feet deep up to Allyns Point; thence 18 feet to Sand Pier Light and thence 14 feet deep to Norwich; and the ob- structions in Shetucket River have been removed. The training walls are in fair condition. To complete the project requires the widening and deepening of the channel below Allyns Point and the deepening of the channel above Sand Pier Light to a depth of 18 feet. The controlling depth at mean low water, on June 30, 1930, was 19 feet to Allyns Point, thence 18 feet to Sand Pier Light, thence 14 feet to the wharves at Norwich; and thence 12 feet on the She- tucket River up to the town wharf. The costs under the project have been $546,736.94 for new work and $163,407.98 for maintenance, a total of $710,144.92, and the total expenditures $688,200.68. Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended on June 30, 1930, amounted to $135,255.86. It is proposed to apply these funds, as follows : Maintenance dredging below Allyns Point, by contract (August to December, 1930), 99,000 cubic yards at 38 cents per cubic yard__ $37, 620. 00 Administration and inspection____----_------------------- __ 3,762. 00 Total---------------------------------------41, 382. 00 126 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Dredging above Allyns Point, under contract (July to October, 1930), 332,000 cubic yards at 25.7 cents per cubic yard----------$85, 324. 00 Administration and inspection------------------------------- 8, 549. 86 Total----------- ------------------- ---------------- 9, 873. 86 For new work----- --------------------------------------- 87, 689. 86 For maintenance------------------------------------------- 6, 184. 00 Total------------------------------------ 93, 873. 86 No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as the completion of the proposed work will leave the channel in condition to meet the requirements of ex- isting traffic, and the relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of further new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, petroleum products, lumber, iron, and gen- eral package freight carried in steamers, motor vessels, and barges drawing from 8 to 22 feet. There was an increase in tonnage of about 9 per cent over that reported for 1928 due to increased coal receipts. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925-------- 504, 737 $23,981,408 1, 283 1928--------........ 331, 013 $16,010,727 2, 700 1926 ......-------- 419, 779 24, 538, 004 2, 445 1929-------- 361, 129 15, 050, 370 4,989 1927 --------- 417, 463 18, 169, 040 Cost and flnanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------------- $695, 084.53 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------- ------- 200, 003.85 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 895, 088. 38 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930--------- 674. 39 Net total cost to June 30, 1930------------------------- 895, 762. 77 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------ 22, 618. 63 Net total expenditures----------------------------873, 144. 14 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 135, 255. 86 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 1, 008, 400. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ___$126. 67 $99, 504. 64 $148, 939. 08 Cost of maintenance_- - - -- $36, 689. 27 $7, 295. 22 214. 33 16, 104. 57 Total cost...... .................... 36, 689. 27 7, 295. 22 341. 00 99, 504. 64 165, 043. 65 Total expended____--.....___....__..__.__ 36, 689. 27 7, 295. 22 347. 05 64, 739. 03 177, 865. 02 Allotted-..-------------------- .------ ---......-... ____ --...... 285, 000.00 --------- 90, 000. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 127 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------.....---------------- $223,120.88 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------ 90, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for----------------- -------- 313, 120. 88 Gross amount expended -----------------------------------177, 865. 02 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------- 135, 255. 86 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-__-- $22, 618.63 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------- 95, 245.67 117, 864. 30 Balance available June 30, 1930__------------------------ 17, 391. 56 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ---------------------------------- 183, 800. 00 18. CONNECTICUT RIVER ABOVE HARTFORD, CONN. Location and description.-This river has its source in Connecticut Lake, in northern New Hampshire, flows southerly 380 miles, and empties into Long Island Sound at Saybrook, Conn., 14 miles west of New London. Hartford, now the head of commercial navigation, is 51.9 miles by channel from the mouth. A dam at Holyoke, 34 miles above Hartford, completely interrupts navigation. The drain- age area is about 11,345 square miles, and the average discharge in second-feet: At Holyoke, low water, 2,600; high water, 71,000. At Hartford, low water, 5,000; 20-foot freshet, 101,000. On low stages tidal fluctuation extends a short distance above Hartford, with a mean rise and fall at Saybrook of 3.4 feet, and at Hartford, 1.2 feet. The average fall per mile is: Holyoke to Hartford, 1.2 feet; Hart- ford to mouth, 0.053 foot. The width at the mouth is about 3,000 feet; at Hartford, 1,000 feet; at Holyoke, 900 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Con- necticut.) Original condition.--The minimum usable low-water depth was about 2 feet for 10 miles from Hartford to the foot of Enfield Rapids, 51/2 miles long, where navigation was interrupted; thence 18 miles to Holyoke the available depth was about 5 feet. About 100 years ago commercial navigation extended to Wells River, Vt., 250 miles above the mouth, by means of locks and canals around the various rapids. Previoui projects.-None. Improvement was authorized by river and harbor act of July 11, 1870, and was prosecuted by the construc- tion of wing dams, and on one occasion by dredging under plans described in the Annual Reports of the Chief of Engineers for 1871, page 761, and 1881, page 565. The costs and expenditures, includ- ing surveys, for a comprehensive project have been $116,324.81 for new work and $14,373.54 for maintenance, a total of $130,698.35. Existing project.-This provides for a channel from Hartford, Conn., to Holyoke, Mass., 321/2 miles, 12 feet deep at mean low water, summer stage (with increase in depth of 1.4 feet through the Enfield pool) and generally 100 feet wide, to be secured by 1 Exclusive of available funds. 11714---v 1930--9 128 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 the construction of a lock and dam near Hartford, the construc- tion of a lock and dam by private interests at Enfield Rapids, the lengthening of this lock by the United States, and by dredging and suitable regulating works, subject to the conditions "that the Bulk- ley, or Memorial, Bridge across the Connecticut River at Hartford shall not be disturbed, and that the lock and dam referred to in Rivers and Harbors Committee Document No. 36, Seventy-first Con- gress, second session as to be built near the city of Hartford shall not be constructed so near said city as to in any way disturb city improvements or otherwise interfere with the said city." The mean tidal fluctuation on low stages is 1.2 feet at Hart- ford, diminishing to zero near Bissels Ferry, about 7 miles upstream. The usual rise at Hartford, due to spring freshets, is between 16 and 24 feet above mean low water and at Springfield 10 to 15 feet above mean low water. The maximum recorded freshet at Hartford (May, 1854) was 27.8 feet above mean low water and at Springfield about 25 feet above the ordinary summer stage of that year. Occasional freshets of short duration may occur during the remainder of the year. The estimate of cost of new work, made in 1930, is $3,384,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The ex- penditure authorized on the project is $1,000,000. The latest (1930) estimate for annual cost of maintenance and operation is $85,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (Rivers and Harbors Committee Doc. No. 36, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). For map see House Document No. 417, 64th Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, adopted the existing project subject to the following conditions: (a) That construction shall not be begun until the Secretary of War is satisfied- (1) That the work at Enfield Rapids under license issued by the Federal Power Commission will be completed. (2) That the bridges will be modified to provide free, easy, and unobstructed navigation as required under existing law, and that such modification will be completed substantially at the same time as the work on the improvement. (b) That the cities of Springfield, Holyoke, and Chicopee shall make suitable provision for terminal facilities satisfactory to the Secretary of War. These conditions have not been met. Preliminary engineering work has been done on the lock and dam at Enfield Rapids and studies made for the alteration of the bridges. About 1830 a dam 1,500 feet long and canal 5.3 miles long, with 4 locks, were built at Enfield Rapids by the Connecticut River Co., at a cost reported as about $1,000,000. The canal is maintained by that company primarily for power uses. The locks are about 19.5 by 88 feet, with 3-foot depth at lower-lock sill at low water. Dur- ing 1909 and 1914 bars between Hartford and Windsor Locks were dredged by the Springfield Navigation Co. to provide a channel about 3 feet deep and 35 feet wide, at a cost of $5,100. Between 1891 and 1926 the Conmonwealth of Massachusetts and local inter- ests have constructed shore-protective works at Chicopee, West Springfield, Agawam, and the Holyoke Dam at a total cost of over $73,000. RIVERS AND HARBORS--PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 129 Terminal facilities.-In the absence of commercial navigation, ter- minal facilities are limited to a few small landings for excursion steamers in the pool above Enfield Dam. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-No permanent benefit has resulted from the work so far done by the United States, and none is to be antici- pated until the existing project is completed. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-There were no operations, no costs, and no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done under the existing project. Under previous authorizations, several wing dams were constructed prior to 1886, and some dredging was done in 1873. One of these wing dams became an obstruction to navi- gation and was removed in 1914. Two obstructive shoals at Spring- field have been removed. The controlling depth is about 21/2 feet at low water in the section below Enfield Rapids. There have been neither costs nor expenditures under the project. Proposed operations.-There are no funds to the credit of this improvement. No funds can be profitably expenses during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as the relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-No commerce was reported for the last year. The only navigation was 35 pleasure boats and one pile driver which passed through the canal of the Northern Connecticut Power Co. at Windsor Locks, Conn. Cost and Financial Summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------------$116, 324.81 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------- 14, 373. 54 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 130, 698. 35 Nlet total expenditures--------------------------------------- 130, 698. 35 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- 130, 698.35 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work -........---------..------- Cost of maintenance__ ____-_---------- ---- $111. 80 - ---- ---- $433.57 $939. 97 ---- - Total expended------_-_-------------- - 111.80 433. 57 939. 97 Allotted--.........----------------------- --------------- 500.00 1,500.00 -$626.46 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------- $626. 46 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment---------------- 626. 46 Amount (estimated) authorized to be appropriated for existing project - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1, 000, 000. 00 19. CONNECTICUT RIVER BELOW HARTFORD, CONN. Location and description.-See description under preceding report. Also see United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 215, 254, 255, and 256. 1 Estimated cost of project $3,384,000. Expenditures limited by law to $1,000,000. ,:130 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was 7 feet over the bar at Saybrook, thence about 5 feet to Hartford, 51.9 miles from the mouth. Previo projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836, and a second project which was modi- fied in 1872, 1881, 1887, and 1889, was adopted by the river and har- bor act of July 11, 1870. The cost and expenditures prior to opera- tions under the existing project in 1911 were $287,374.29 for new work and $366,348.47 for maintenance, a total of $653,722.76. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1754. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 300 feet wide, 15 feet deep at mean low water, and about 0.6 mile long, across the bar at the mouth, and thence 100 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water (2 feet on the Hartford gauge) for 51.3 miles to Hartford; the channels to be obtained by dredging and the construction of dikes, training walls, revetments, and accessory works; for two riprap jetties at the mouth of the river, the tops to be 5 feet above high water and 6 feet wide, the easterly one about 2,300 feet and the westerly about 2,250 feet in length; and for a training dike about 3,700 feet long at Hartford. The mean tidal range is 3.4 feet at the mouth and, on low water, 1.2 feet at Hartford. The maximum tidal range at the mouth, due to wind or other causes, is 8 feet or more. For extreme fluctuation of stage at Hartford see this paragraph under preceding report. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1917, is $388,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 10, 1872, provided for the jetties at the mouth (present dimensions approved by the Chief of Engineers December 22, 1887) ; the act of March 3, 1881, provided for the Hart- ford Dike (present dimensions authorized by the Chief of Engineers in 1889); the act of February 27, 1911, provided for the present chan- nel dimensions (H. Doc. No. 1294, 61st Cong., 3d sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, made final provision for the dikes, training walls, revetments, and accessory works (H. Doc. No. 132, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1913, page 1602, and the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project. On various occasions between 1884 and 1904 when funds for maintenance were lacking or insufficient, channels through the various bars, sufficient to pass a regular line of steamboats, were maintained by dredging by the Hartford & New York Transportation Co., at a cost of $28,384.18. Previous to 1868 dredging and regulation work were done by private and municipal interests, at a cost in excess of $93,000. Terminal facilities.-There are two or three wharves of the bulk- head type at each of the river towns, one or more in each town being open to public use. At Hartford and at Middletown there is approxi- mately one-half mile of wharf frontage along the west bank of the RIVERS AND HARBORS--PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 131 river. The town of Cromwell and the cities of Hartford and Middle. town each own or lease wharf property. Rail connection and trans- fer facilities are available at Middletown, Portland, and Hartford. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done has afforded the city of Hartford and other river ports the advantage of water transporta- tion, has stabilized the channels across the river bars, and has effected a reduction in the water rates on bulk commodities. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The channels through the river bars were kept open for navigation by contract dredging. The total length of channel thus dredged was about 14,500 feet, to width varying from 50 to 100 feet, and a total of 52,373 cubic yards was removed. The cost of this dredging was $19,303.03, all applied to maintenance. Contract dredging for maintenance, in progress at the beginning of the fiscal year, removed approximately 202,000 cubic yards of material and completed the restoration of the channel across Saybrook Bar at a cost of $44,055.30, applied to maintenance. The total yardage removed under this contract was 214,418. Using hired labor and plant, repairs were made to an aggregate of 4,548 linear feet of the revetments at Clay Banks, Cys Hollow, Press Barn, Crow Point, Glastonbury, and Gildersleeve Reaches, and to the dikes and hurdles at Clay Banks, Cys Hollow, and Press Barn Reaches, using 880 long tons of stone and 250 bundles of brush. The costs for this work were $2,558.49, applied to maintenance. Snags were removed from the channel at Hartford and Clay Banks Bar, and from a point 1 mile below Dividend Bar, at a cost of $135, applied to maintenance. The total costs were $66,051.82 for maintenance and the total expendi- tures were $70,291.57. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is over 99 per cent completed. The channel from the mouth to Hartford was com- pleted in 1914. The Saybrook jetties and training walls at Hartford, Clay Banks, and Sears Shoal were completed in 1915. The stone dikes and timber spurs at Pistol Point, Glastonbury, Press Barn, Naubuc, Cys Hollow, and Clay Banks were completed in 1927. The Clay Banks, Cys Hollow, Naubuc, Press Barn, Glastonbury (includ- ing Two Piers), and Gildersleeve Island Reaches have been revetted. The jetties, training walls, dikes, and revetments are in fair condi- tion, except that the east jetty at Saybrook needs extensive repairs; minor repairs are needed to the west jetty and to some of the other structures above named. The channel dimensions are somewhat diminished. On June 30, 1930, the controlling depths at mean low water were 16 feet across the bar at the mouth, thence about 12 feet to Hartford. To complete the project requires the construction of a small amount of additional permanent works. The costs under the project have been $386,096.72 for new work and $449,489.07 for maintenance, a total of $835,585.79, and the total expenditures $834,931.49. Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended on June 30, 1930, amounted to $37,956.44. It is proposed to apply these funds, as follows: 132 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Maintenance dredging on river bars under contract, in progress, to be completed about September, 1930, 50,000 cubic yards at 32 cents per cubic yard------------------- ----------- ----------- $16, 000. 00 Administration, inspection, and contingencies------------------- 1,356. 44 Minor repairs to permanent works by hired labor, August and Sep- tember, 1930, including administration and engineering----------3, 000. 00 Maintenance dredging on river bars by contract (June-September, 1931), 50,000 cubic yards at 32 cents per cubic yard__-------- 16, 000. 00 Administration, inspection, and contingencies---------_______- 1, 600. 00 Total for maintenance ------------------------------ 37, 956. 44 Annual maintenance requirements on the river bars should be met after the spring freshets of 1932. Minor repairs to dikes and revet- ments will also be necessary. For these works, funds can be profit- ably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Dredging river bars, 50,000 cubic yards at 32 cents per cubic yard__ $16, 000. 00 Repairs to permanent works _.______.__-_-- - __--- - -__ 1, 750. 00 Administration, inspection, and contingencies ---------------- 1, 750.00 Total for maintenance------------------------_ 19, 500. 00 Commeroial statistics.--The principal items of freight for the calendar year were petroleum products, coal, and general package freight carried in steamers, motor vessels, and barges drawing from 7 to 12 feet. There was an increase in tonnage of about 281/2 per cent over that reported for 1928, due to increased receipts of coal and petroleum products. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925.-------- 516, 624 $48, 420, 495 25, 648 1928__-------- 531, 395 $30, 802, 477 32, 290 1926 ... . 536, 950 46, 279, 217 21, 602 1929.-------- 682, 229 39, 637, 150 36, 837 1927-------- 592, 922 36, 029, 655 25, 340 Cost and' financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------- $673, 471. 01 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------815, 837. 54 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-----------1, 489, 308. 55 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ----------- 212. 84 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-----------------------1, 489, 521. 39 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 -------------------------- 867. 14 Net total expenditures _______-________---__ 1, 488, 654. 25 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 37, 956. 44 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__------------ 1, 526, 610. 69 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work__. . __________________ $15, 335. 67 $31, 659. 20 $18, 819. 24 $8, 886. 24 _........... Cost of maintenance.. _______ ._ __..... __ 19, 914. 39 16, 308. 68 21, 186. 70 20, 161. 21 $66, 051.82 Total cost___-------_-------------35, 250. 06 47, 967. 88 40, 005. 94 29, 047. 45 66, 051. 82 Total expended-....,_------------.... 35, 250. 06 47, 967. 88 40, 755. 00 27, 098. 53 70, 291. 57 Allotted --------------------------.................................--. 50, 000. 00 40, 000. 00 17, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 42, 000.00 RIVERS AND HARBORS--PROVIDENCE, R, I., DISTRICT 133 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ------------ -- ---- $66,248.01 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ---------------------- $20,000.00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930-------------------- --------------- ------ 17, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved February 28, 1929-------------------- 00 5, 000.00. 42, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-_------------------------- 108,248.01 Gross amount expended--------- -------------------- 70, 291.57 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 37, 956. 44 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------ 867. 14 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------- 16, 363.22 17, 230. 36 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------------- 20, 726. 08 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1------------------ 1, 900. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1 - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 1932, for maintenance ----- 19, 500. 00 20. DUCK ISLAND HARBOR, CONN. Location and description.-Duck Island Harbor is a small bay, about 2 miles long and extending 1 mile inland, lying between Menunketesuck and Kelsey Points, on the north shore of Long Island Sound, approximately midway between New London and New Haven Harbors, and about 23 miles distant from each. Duck Island is in the outer and southeasterly part of the bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 216.) Original condition.-The harbor afforded practically no shelter from the east around through the south to the west, but afforded good protection from all northerly winds. The usable low-water depth for anchorage was about 16 feet over a considerable portion of the bay. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. The cost and expenditures prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910 were $114,867.90 for new work and $5,334.10 for maintenance, a total of $120,202. For further details of previous project, see annual report for 1915, page 1755. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of three rip- rap breakwaters, viz, one extending northwardly from Duck Island 1,100 feet; one extending westwardly from Duck Island 2,697 feet; and one extending southwardly from Stone Island, just south of Kelsey Point, 3,750 feet-each breakwater to be 8 feet wide on top, 9 feet high above mean low water, with side slopes of 2 on 3, except on the northerly side of the one extending westerly from Duck Island and the westerly side of the one extending northwardly from Duck Island, where the slopes are to be 1 on 1; and for dredging to a depth of 16 feet at mean low water a portion of the protected area back of the breakwaters at Duck Island. The mean tidal range is 4.2 feet 1 Exclusive of available funds. 134 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 9 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1916, was $370,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the breakwaters (H. Doc. No. 398, 60th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of July 27, 1916, provided for the dredging (H. Doc. No. 812, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). For map, see the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-This harbor is entirely a harbor of refuge. There are no commercial wharves. Effect of improvement.--The improvement affords shelter for the passing commerce of Long Island Sound, adding materially to the safety thereof, it being the only suitable harbor of refuge in a reach of 46 miles. A total of 1,455 (partly estimated) vessels were reported as using the harbor for refuge during the calendar year 1929. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions and no costs. Expenditures amounted to $334.04, applied to maintenance survey. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project was com- pleted in 1917 at a saving of $2,702 under the estimated cost, the breakwaters having been completed in 1914. The breakwaters are in fair repair, but the anchorage area is shoaler than the project depth. The controlling depth, as determined in 1930, in the northern part of the protected area behind the breakwater is 11 feet, and in the southern part is about 8 feet at mean low water. The costs under the existing project have been $367,297.91 for new work and $91,239.50 for maintenance, a total of $458,537.41, and the total expenditures, $458,871.45. Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended on June 30, 1930, amounted to $75,137.13. It is proposed to apply these funds to re- storing the depth in the anchorage area behind the Duck Island Breakwaters, as follows: Dredging, by contract (August to December, 1030), 460,000 cubic yards at 15 cents per cubic yard_____------ ___________ $69, 000. 00 Administration and inspection______________________________ 6, 137. 13 Tdtal for maintenance ___________________________ 75, 137.13 No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as the breakwaters are in good condition and the completion of the work contemplated above will leave the harbor in condition to meet the requirements of existing commerce for several years. Coonmercial statistics.-There is no local commerce, the harbor being entirely a harbor of refuge. The number of vessels reported as using the harbor for refuge is as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS--PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 135 Comparative statement of vessels Calendar year Steam Sailing Barges Miscel- laneous Total 1923 ................................------------------------------------------------------------.....----------.....-- 1,104 .... _ . . ... ..... ..... ..... ... 19242 . 122-------------------------------------- 39 39 220 20 148 18-4-,5 744 1,151 1925 ................................. 99 218 190 .......------------------------------------------ 697 1,204 1926 ..... ........ . ............-------------------------------------------... 156 288 319 912 1,675 1927-- -------------------------------------------- 130 189 161 893 1,873 1928_ ........--------.--------- - ------------------ 45 146 252 1,051 1,494 19293 ........................................-------------------------------------- 38 133 303 981 1,455 1 Estimated. 2 6months'record, 6 months estimated. 8Partly estimated. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------ $482, 165. 81 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------------- 96,573. 60 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 578, 739. 41 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ------------ 337. 43 Net total cost to June 30, 1930----------------------- 579, 076. 84 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------------- 3.39 Net total expenditures----------------------------- 579, 073.45 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 -------------------------- 75, 137. 13 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------654, 210. 58 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--...----- ------- Cost of maintenance _________________ _ $18. 95 $116 52 -- ------------- $21, 921. 53 $17, 394. 02------ Total expended____________________-____ 18. 95 116. 52 8, 842. 56 30, 356. 47 $334. 04 Allotted--------------------------------.. ... 40, 000 00------------------- 74, 200. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----------------- $1,271.17 Amount alloted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------------- 75, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-------------------------------- 76, 271. 17 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment----------------- 800. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------ 75, 471. 17 Gross amount expended ____-------------- ------- 334.04 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------- 75,137.13 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ------------------------- 3.39 Balance available June 30, 1930- ---------------- 75, 133. 74 21. BRANFORD HARBOR, CONN. Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, 5 miles east of New Haven Harbor. It includes an outer harbor about 1 mile broad, an inner harbor one-half mile in diameter, and the lower 11/2 miles of the Branford River, the latter being tidal, narrow, and crooked. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 217.) 136 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. AR Y, 1930 Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depths were about 7 feet in the outer and inner harbors, 12 feet in the river to near the lower wharves, and thence less than 6 feet by a very nar- row channel to the upper wharves at the head of navigation, about 3 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep and 100 feet wide through the shoals at the mouth of the harbor, about one-half mile and of the same depth, width, and length between the lower and upper wharves in the river. The plane of reference is mean low water. The mean tidal range is 5 feet, and the maxi- mum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 10 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1905. is $10,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for dredging be- tween the lower and upper wharves in the river (H. Doc. No. 100, 56th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1901, p. 1188); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the dredging at the mouth of the harbor. (For map, see H. Doc. No. 1292, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None prescribed by law. The upper part of the river at the head of the improved channel and some of the bends in the lower river have been enlarged by the Malleable Iron Fittings Co. by dredging about 56,000 cubic yards of material at a cost of over $12,000. Terminal facilities.-Terminal facilities are limited to two bulk- head and pile wharves near the head of the harbor and one at the mouth of the river owned by the town of Branford. These facili- ties are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has afforded the town and factories of Branford increased facilities for the water trans- portation of bulk commodities, and it is believed that it has effected a decrease in the rates for such transportation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Contract dredging re- stored the channel between the Mermaids and Branford Point by the removal of 30,821 cubic yards of mud. Under a second contract, the channel in the river was restored to within 125 feet of the lower bridge by the removal of 49,949 cubic yards of mud. The costs were $22,794.35, applied to maintenance. Expenditures amounted to $21,572.12. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1907 at a saving of $462 under the estimated cost. On June 30, 1930, the controlling depth was 91 feet to the head of the improved channel. The costs under the project have been $9,537.45 for new work and $38,473.43 for maintenance, a total of $48,010.88; and the total expenditures $46,788.65. Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended on June 30, 1930, amounting to $2,427.88 will be applied to payment of outstanding liabilities and to maintenance contingencies as needed. RIVERS AND HARBORS---PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 137 No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as the channel is in condition to serve traffic for several years. Commercial statistics.-The items of freight for the calendar year were coal, sand, pig iron, and lumber, carried in vessels with average drafts of 10 feet. There was a decrease in tonnage of about 3 per cent under that reported for 1928. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925 ------------- ------- 19, 827 $150, 112 1928.... 23, 901 ..--------------------- $210, 783 1926 -------------- ------- 23, 470 203, 789 1929------ - _ --- 22, 099 182, 542 1927---------------------- 20, 916 173, 484 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------ $9, 537. 45 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------------- 38,473. 43 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------48, 010. 88 Minus accounts' payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 1, 222. 23 Net total expenditures----------------------------------- 46, 788.65 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------------- 2, 427. 88 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------------_ 49, 216.53 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ----------------- ----------------------- --- Cost of maintenance - - $22, 794. 35 Total expended . _.-.-. I21, 572. 12 Allotted- - -. $9, 000. 00 15, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 9,000.00 $_________________ Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 23, 1928__---------------------------------------------_ 15, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_________________________________ 24, 000. 00 Gross amount expended_______________________________ 21, 572. 12 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-_______________________ 2, 427. 88 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 , 222. 23 1_________________ Balance available June 30, 1930---------------------------- 1, 205. 65 22. NEW HAVEN HARBOR, CONN. Location and description.-On the north shore of Long Island Sound, about 71 miles to the east of New York City. The harbor consists of a bay about 4 miles long and from 1 to 4 miles wide and the tidal navigable portions of the West River entering the westerly side of the bay and the Mill and Quinnipiac Rivers entering its northeast corner through a common mouth. The width of the lower harbor from Morgans Point to Oyster River Point is 41/4 miles, and its natural depths available for anchorage are from 20 to 28 feet 138 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 at mean low water. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 218.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth in the harbor proper was 9 feet from the wharves to Cranes Bar, one-third of the way down the harbor, and 13 feet on the bar below Fort Hale; in Quinnipiac River, about 4 feet; in Mill River, West branch about 5 feet, east branch nearly bare at low tide; and in West River, less than 3 feet. The heads of navigation for small unmasted craft in the Quinnipiac, Mill, and West Rivers were, respectively, about 8, 21/2, and 2 miles above the mouths. Previouws projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852, and modified by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872. A second project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and modified by the acts of 1875, 1878, 1879, 1882, and 1884. The original project for West River (consolidated with the main harbor by the act of March 2, 1907) was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905. The cost and expenditures in the main harbor prior to the adoption of the 1899 project and in West River prior to its consolidation with the main harbor were $331,625.66 for new work and $32,570 for main- tenance, a total of $364,195.66. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1755. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 20 feet deep, 400 feet wide, and 3 miles long fromn Long Island Sound to the inner end of the 20-foot anchorage basin; thence of same depth, 700 to 500 feet wide (increased to 1,200 feet at the turn opposite Long Wharf), 1.2 miles to Tomlinson Bridge; three anchorage basins below Tomlinson Bridge of 20, 16, and 15 foot depths; a pile and riprap dike, total length about 4,200 feet, to contract the tidal flow at Fort Hale Bar; a channel 12 feet deep and 100 to 150 feet wide, from the southwest corner of the 16-foot anchorage basin via Oyster Point and the West Haven Wharf front to Kimberly Avenue Bridge; thence 12 feet deep and prevailing width of 75 feet up West River approximately to the railroad bridge, and an anchorage basin 6 feet deep in West River opposite Mars Wharf; a channel 100 feet wide and 12 feet deep from the 15-foot anchorage basin toward Brewery Street, about 1,500 feet; a channel 200 feet wide and 18 feet deep up Quinnipiac River to Ferry Street Bridge, and thence 200 feet wide and 16 feet deep to Grand Avenue; a channel up Mill River 12 feet deep, 200 feet wide, to the junction of the two branches above Chapel Street, thence 12 feet deep to Grand Avenue, 100 feet wide in the east branch and generally 125 feet wide in the west branch; and the removal of certain obstructive rocks in Morris Cove. All depths refer to mean low water, the mean tidal range being 5.8 feet. The maximum tidal range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 10 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $643,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $27,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 2. 1882, provided for the Sandy Point Dike (plans approved by a Board of Engineers October 2, 1882); the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the present depth of RIVERS AND ABBORS--PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 139 the main channel and the dimensions of its lower end and for the 20 and 16 foot anchorage basins (H. Doc. No. 82, 55th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the Brewery Street Channel, for the removal of rocks in Morris Cove, and made provisions for the present dimensions of the 15-foot basin (H. Doc. No. 1159, 60th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 25, 1912, made provisions for the present dimensions of the channels in Mill River, for a chan- nel 8 feet deep in the Quinnipiac River (H. Doc. No. 26, 62d Cong., 1st sess.), and for the present dimensions of the West River channel and anchorage (H. Doc. No. 535, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 4, 1913, provided for the present widths in the upper part of the main channel (H. Doc. No. 1258, 62d Cong., 3d sess.) ; and the act of July 3, 1930, made final provisions for the present channel dimen- sions in Quinnnipiac River (H. Doc. No. 686, 69th Cong., 2d sess.). For maps see the last-named document and House Document No. 497, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project. One municipal wharf equipped with traveling crane has been constructed at a cost of approximately $35,000. The upper portion of the West River Channel had been improved by private parties at a cost of about $10,000 before its further improvement was undertaken by the United States. Terminal facilities.-The wharves and piers served by this im- provement are grouped near the head of the main harbor; on both sides of Mill River between Chapel Street and Grand Avenue; on both sides of Quinnipiac River throughout the greater part of its improved portion; at Oyster Point and along the westerly side of West River. The terminals at the head of the harbor are mostly piers, either solid-filled or open, ranging in length up to 2,300 feet, and separated by slips. Many of these terminals have direct railroad and transfer facilities. Throughout Mill, Quinnipiac, and West Rivers the wharves are usually of the bulkhead and apron type. Railroad and transfer facilities are available at several wharves on the first-named rivers. At Oyster Point are several small timber piers used in the oyster industry. The frontage developed amounts to nearly 1 mile in the main harbor, over three-fourths mile in Mill River, over 1 mile in the Quinnipiac, and about five-eighths mile in West River and at Oyster Point. The total length of berthing space available is about 26,925 feet, of which 9,335 feet, including 1,020 feet owned by the city, is open to public use and 17,590 feet is pri- vately owned and so used. The facilities are not considered adequate, and various plans have been prepared and considered by the munici- pality for extensive additions and improvements. (For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 18, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has secured for New Haven the benefit of very low water-freight rates, particularly on bulk commodities. The present commerce of New Haven could not be carried on without the improvements made. Operation and results during fiscal year.-By maintenance dredg- ing under contract and in progress at the close of the fiscal year, 140 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 the upper main channel from Tomlinson Bridge to the 20-foot anchorage was restored to project dimensions and the restoration of the 20-foot anchorage was nearly completed by the removal of 526,981 cubic yards of mud and sand from the channel, and 319,165 cubic yards of mud and sand from the anchorage. Under another contract, in progress at the close of the fiscal year, 2,895 linear feet of the West River Channel along the City Point Wharf front and easterly toward the 16-foot anchorage was restored to project di. mensions by the removal of about 67,333 cubic yards of mud and sand. The costs were $131,389.48, all applied to maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $85,507.98. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 76 per cent completed. The dike at Fort Hale Bar was completed in 1889. The main channel, anchorages, and branch channels, except Quinnipiac River, have been dredged and maintained to project dimensions. The Quinnipiac Channel has been dredged 12 feet deep to Ferry Street and 8 feet deep to Grand Avenue. The con- trolling depths at mean low water are: Main channel up to Tom- linson Bridge, 20 feet; anchorage basins, 20 feet (nearly full width), 16, 14, and 1/2 foot to 6 feet, respectively; West River, 10 feet to Oyster Point, and thence 8 feet (not full width) to the railroad bridge, as determined in 1930; Mill River, 12 feet; Quinnipiac River to Ferry Street, 13 feet, and thence to Grand Avenue, nearly 8 feet as determined in 1926; and Brewery Street Channel nearly 10 feet as determined in 1928. The dike at Fort Hale Bar is in poor repair and the channels are generally in fair condition. To complete the project requires the deepening and widening of the channels in Quinnipiac River. The costs under the existing project have been $489,524.94 for new work and $693,242.78 for maintenance, a total of $1,182,767.72, and the total expenditures $1,139,856.25. Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended on June 30, 1930, amounted to $84,889.01. It is proposed to apply these funds .to maintenance dredging, as follows: Maintenance dredging in upper main channel and in 20-foot an- chorage under contract, in progress, to be completed in July, 1930, including outstanding liabilities------ -------------------- $34, 000.00 Maintenance dredging in West River under contract, in progress, to be completed in September, 1930, including outstanding liabili- ties --------------- --------------------------- 43, 000. 00 Administration, inspection, and contingencies_--------------- 7,889.01 Total for maintenance --- -------------------------- 84, 889. 01 Shoaling in the 15-foot anchorage and the Brewery Street Channel indicates that redredging will be necessary in another year. To pro- vide for this work, funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Dredging 150,000 cubic yards of mud at 22 cents per cubic yard- ----- $33, 000 Administration and inspection----- ------------------------- 4, 000 Total for maintenance-------------------------------37, 000 The relative desirability of the improvement in the interest of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work under the project. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 141 Conmmercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, petroleum products, building materials, oysters, and general package freight carried in steamers, schooners, motor vessels, and barges drawing from 7 to 241/2 feet. There was an increase in tonnage of about 49 per cent over that reported for 1928, due to increased coal traffic. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925 _ 1, 342, 796 $120, 382, 341 49, 744 1928 ....... 1, 569, 581 $128, 902, 988 45, 253 1926 -... 1, 282, 776 112, 482, 881 43, 355 1929 . ...... 2, 338, 798 153, 360, 866 52, 057 1927 ----_ 1, 367, 618 138, 184, 538 43, 966 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__---__-----------------------_ $821, 150. 60 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--___---------------------- 725, 812. 78 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ____________ 1, 546, 963. 38 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930___________- 4, 183. 91 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_____________________------1, 551, 147. 29 -- Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930_-__- ___-------57. 59 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930------ ------------ 1, 551, 204. 88 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930____________-----__------ 47, 152. 97 Net total expenditures_ .___- -------- ____------ 1, 504, 051. 91 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------- 84, 889. 01 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930______________ 1,588, 940. 92 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------ ....---- Cost of maintenance --- __ ----- $56, 840. 18 $68, 372.00 $86, 778.02 $57, 116. 08 $131, 389.48 56- 4-0 8-8- , 372.-0-113, ---- Total expended.. .. ....... ..... _.. 56, 840. 18 68, 372. 93.3-- 00 -- 59, 055. 11 85, 507.98 113, 793. 31 A llotted ........ ...-- --- ------ .. .-- .-- 157, 000. 00------------55,000.00 154,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 -------------------------- $170,396.99 Gross amount expended------------------- ---------------- 85,507. 98 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 84, 889. 01 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-------------- $47, 152. 97 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts ----- --- 34, 698. 29 81, 851.26 Balance available June 30, 1930--------------------------- 3, 037.75 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------- - 57. 59 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930---------------3, 095.34 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1__------------------------------------- 153,000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1----------------------------- 37,000.00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 142 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 23. BREAKWATERS AT NEW HAVEN, CONN. The existing project was completed in 1915 at a saving of $21,754 under the estimated cost. No expenditures were made during the fis- cal year, and there are no funds available. No work is now proposed as the breakwaters are in fair condition. For a full description of this project see annual report for 1919, page 226. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------__----- $1, 242, 246.09 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_--_____--------------- 21, 753. 91 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 264, 000.00 1-----------, Net total expenditures_ _---_-____ _ ____1, _ -------------- 264, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------------- 1, 264, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ---------------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance .... Total expended-- ------------ ------------------- -------- Allotted ---------- -.--.-.- ------------------------- 24. MILFORD HARBOR, CONN. This project is about 49 per cent completed. There were no expend- itures during the fiscal year and there are no funds available. No work is contemplated as the improvement is in a condition to meet the requirements of existing commerce. For a full description of this project, see Annual Report for 1929, page 134. Commercial statistics.-The items of freight for the calendar year were oysters and coal, carried in vessels drawing from 5 to 12 feet. There was an increase in tonnage of about 93 per cent over that reported for 1928, due to oyster receipts and shipments. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925 --------------------- 4, 737 $112, 155 1928-------.........--------------- 7, 385 $183, 143 1926--------------------- 10,055 225,988 1929....--------------------- 14, 278 407, 968 1927 --------------------- 11, 440 317,154 Cost and fin anceal summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_---------------------------- $65, 957. 77 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 21, 542. 24 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930____------_____ 87, 500. 01 Net total expenditures----------------- -------------------- 87, 500. 01 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 -------------- --- 87, 500. 01 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 143 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ....----. Cost of maintenance ....- --------- I . . . I............ -. . . . . . . --.. . . . . . . . . . .I . . .I ............ - Total expended.....-----------------------i--- ---- - ----------------- Allotted Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------------------------------------- $24,300.00 25. HOUSATONIC RIVER, CONN. Location and description.-This river rises in northwestern Massa- chusetts, flows southerly 130 miles through Massachusetts and Con- necticut, and empties into Long Island Sound at Stratford, 5 miles east of Bridgeport Harbor. Its drainage area is about 1,930 square miles. The tidal section extends from the mouth 131/2 miles to Derby and Shelton, and 1.1 miles upstream is a power dam with a canal and locks by which craft of less than 3-foot draft may pass above the dam. At Derby the low-water discharge is about 600 second-feet; the extreme freshet flow is about 65,000 second-feet. Average freshets reach a height of 12 feet, are of short duration, and occur mainly in the spring. The river is usually closed by ice during January and February. The low-water slope per mile from Shelton to the mouth is 0.14 foot; the width at the mouth is about 1,200 feet; and at Shelton 400 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 219.) Original condition.-The original usable low-water depth on the bar at the mouth and in the river was about 3 feet; the channel was narrow and crooked. The head of navigation was and is at Otter Rock, 3 miles above the dam at Shelton and 171/2 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 18 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide from the mouth to the lower end of Culvers Bar, about 5 miles, and thence 7 feet deep and 100 feet wide to Derby and Shelton, about 8 miles; a riprap breakwater at the mouth, consisting of an inner arm 3,250 feet long, 3 feet high above mean low water, top width 6 feet, side slopes 1 on 1, and an outer arm 2,500 feet long, 6 feet high above mean high water, top width 12 feet, outer slope 1 on 2, inner slope 1 on 1; a riprap dike in the river below Stratford not to exceed 1,500 feet in length; and a riprap jetty 163 long at Sow and Pigs Rocks. The mean tidal range, exclusive of the winter season and freshets, is 6.4 feet at the mouth, 5.4 feet at Stratford, and 5.1 feet at Shelton; the extreme range due to combined effect of wind and other causes is about 11 feet at the mouth, diminishing toward the head. The spring freshets occasion- ally rise to a height of 18 feet or more above summer low water, but only average about 12 feet above that datum. 11714---NG1930-----10 144 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $810,000, of which $150,000 is to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $19,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1871, provided for a jetty at Sow and Pigs Reef and the present width of the channel across the outer bar (H. Doc. No. 95, 41st Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1871, p. 781); the act of August 11, 1888, provided for the break- water at the mouth and for a channel 7 feet deep (S. Doc. No. 103, 50th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1888, p. 554). The con- struction of the Stratford Dike, in accordance with the project sub- mitted by the district engineer officer July 15, 1892, was authorized by departmental action. The act of July 3, 1930, made final pro- vision for the present channel dimensions up to Culvers Bar (H. Doc. No. 449, 70th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-named document. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, authorized the 18-foot channel up to Culvers Bar subject to the pro- vision that no work shall be started until local interests have con- tributed $150,000 toward the cost of the work, and provided further, that local interests shall furnish, free of cost to the United States, suitable bulkheaded areas for the deposit of dredged material, or in lieu thereof an additional $50,000 in cash. These conditions have not been complied with. A considerable amount of dredging has been done for private parties at the outer bar to obtain material for oyster beds, the cost and exact extent of which are not known. Terminal facilities.-There are three wharves in commercial use at Stratford, one at Devon, and seven at Shelton and Derby. The usual types are longitudinal timber or masonry bulkheads, and short filled piers with vessel berths at the ends parallel with the stream. Adequate highways lead to practically all of the wharves, and one wharf at Stratford and one at Devon have railroad transfer facili- ties. The town of Stratford has a part interest in one wharf and owns a wharf site adjacent to it. Of the private wharves, one at Stratford, two at Derby, and two at Shelton are open to public use. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Previous operations on the improvement have afforded the towns of Stratford, Derby, and Shelton the advan- tage of water transportation of bulk freight, and have had the effect of materially reducing the water rates to these points. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. There were no costs. Expenditures amounted to $50.75, applied to plant operations. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 29 per cent completed. The up-river channels were completed in 1893. The breakwater at the mouth is completed, except that the outer arm has a top width of 8 feet and outer slope of 1 on 11/2 instead of the respective project dimensions; the Stratford Dike is 1,255 feet long, and the jetty at Sow and Pigs Rocks is completed. The breakwater, dike, and jetty are in fair condition. The bar channels have been maintained to depths of 7 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS--PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 145 The controlling depth at mean low water on January 1, 1929, was 7 feet (not full width) up to Shelton. To complete the project requires the enlargement of the outer arm of the breakwater to provide a top width of 12 feet and an outer slope of 1 on 2, which is not required for permanence, the extension of the Stratford Dike not more than 245 feet, and the deepening and widening of the channel from the mouth up to the lower end of Culvers Bar. The costs under the project have been $234,364.92 for new work and $162,353.82 for maintenance, a total of $396,718.74, and the total expenditures $396,718.74. Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended on June 30, 1930, amounted to $16,731.26. It is proposed to apply these funds, as follows : Maintenance dredging on river bars, by contract (May and June, 1931), 31,000 cufbic yards at 48 cents per cubic yard--------- $14, 880. 00 Administration, inspection, and contingencies , 851. 26 1------------------- Total- ---- _ --------------------------------- 16, 731.26 No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as ordinarily yearly maintenance dredging is not necessary, the enlargement of the breakwater and the extension of Stratford Dike are not urgently required, and the relative desir- ability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and naviga- tion entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were petroleum products, coal, and lumber, carried in barges and motor vessels drawing from 8 to 12 feet. There was a decrease in tonnage of about 36 per cent under that reported for 1928, due to decreased receipts of coal and petroleum products, and the absence of sand and stone traffic. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925-. ------------------- 208, 282 $4, 198, 166 1928-.....-------------- 201, 350 $6, 807, 347 1926 -------------------- 201, 510 5, 852, 437 --------------- 1929--..... 129, 209 6, 084, 238 1927 --------------------- 181, 687 5, 440, 813 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------- $234, 364. 92 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------162, 353. 82 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 396, 718. 74 Net total expenditures---------------------------- 396, 718. 74 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------------------- 16, 731. 26 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 413, 450. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..----------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance-_-_--__-------------. . 117. 16 $73. 86 $314.52 $16,231. 21... Total expended_____.. _- -_-_ -_-_. . ... 117. 16 73. 86 279. 52 16, 215.46 $50. 75 Allotted-----------.................------------------ 13,000.00 --------- 5,000.00 15,000.00 146 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929___ __--_-----_--______ $1, 782.01 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-- ------------- --- ----------------- 16, 000. 001 Amount to be accounted for_---------- ------ 17, 782. 01 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment_ ------------- 1, 000. 00' Net amount to be accounted for__-----------1__----- - 16, 782. 01 Gross amount expended- -- - --------------- _--____ 50. 75 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 16, 731. 26 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1__------ --------- 2425, 000.00 26. BRIDGEPORT HARBOR, CONN. Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, about 57 miles east of New York City. It con- sists of an outer main harbor about 3,500 feet long and 4,000 feet wide; an inner harbor about 1 mile long and 1,500 feet wide, de- creasing in width to 500 feet at the head; the tidal and navigable portions of Poquonock River, 11/4 miles long; Yellow Mill Pond, two-thirds of a mile long, entering from the north; Johnsons River, three-fourths of a mile long, entering from the east; Black Rock Harbor, about one-half mile wide and 1 mile long, lying 21/4 miles west of the main harbor; and Cedar and Burr Creeks, 1/4 and one- half mile long, respectively, entering Black Rock Harbor from the north. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 220.) Originalcondition.-The minimum usable low-water depths were: On the bar at the mouth of Bridgeport Harbor, about 5 feet; in the Poquonock River, from 2 to 5 feet; in Johnsons River, nearly bare in upper half; in Yellow Mill Pond, generally bare; in Black Rock Harbor, 12 to 6 feet; in Cedar Creek, 2 to 4 feet; and in Burr Creek, nearly bare. The head of navigation in Poquonock River, Yellow Mill Pond, Johnsons River, Burr and Cedar Creeks was re- spectively, about 11/4, two-thirds, three-fourths, one-half, and 11/4 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project for the main harbor was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 4. 1836. A second proj- ect was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and modified in 1875, 1878, 1882, 1888, 1892, 1894, and 1896. The original project for Black Rock Harbor, which prior to the adoption of the existing project was considered as separate from the main harbor, was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836. A second project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884. The cost and expenditures prior to operations in 1900 under the project adopted in 1899 were as follows: New work Maintenance Total Bridgeport Harbor -__-___- _______ ____ _____ -- $311, 899. 53 $5, 948. 97 $317, 848. 50 Black Rock Harbor..----------------__ ------- ___ - 66, 550. 00 6, 000.00 72, 550. 00 Total........... .... ...----------------------------------------- 378, 449. 53 11, 948. 97 390, 398. 50 SExclusive of available funds. 2 In addition $150,000 is to be contributed by local interests. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 147 For further details of previous projects, see Annual Report for 1915, page 1756. Existig project.-This provides for-- (1) Two riprap breakwaters, one about 3,190 feet long on the easterly side .and one 2,110 feet long on the westerly side of the entrance to the main harbor. (2) The construction and maintenance of shore protection on Fayerweather Island, including a sea wall connecting the northerly and southerly portions •of the island. (3) Main channel 25 feet deep and 300 feet wide from Long Island Sound to the inner end of the 25-foot anchorage basin, thence 18 feet deep and 300 feet wide to Stratford Avenue .Bridge across the Poquonock River. (4) Three anchorage basins: One 25 feet deep and 29.4 acres in area, opposite the inner breakwater; one 18 feet deep and 30.6 acres in area, adjoining the .main channel on the east above the inner breakwater; and one 12 feet deep, in two areas, aggregating 28.4 acres, to the east of the 18-foot anchorage. (5) Poquonock River Channel, 18 feet deep and from 125 to 200 feet wide, -from the lower bridge to a point about 500 feet below the dam at Berkshire .Avenue, about 1.1 miles. (6) Yellow Mill Channel, 18 feet deep and 150 to 200 feet wide from the 18-foot anchorage to a point about 370 feet from Crescent Avenue, about 1 mile. (7) Johnsons River Channel, 18 feet deep and 150 to 250 feet wide, from the 25-foot anchorage to a point 600 feet below Hollisters Dam, about 1 mile. (8) Black Rock and Cedar Creek Channel, 18 feet deep and 100 to 200 feet wide, from the 18-foot curve in Black Rock Harbor to the heads of both "branches of Cedar Creek, about 2.4 miles. (9) Burr Creek Channel, 7 feet deep and from 100 to 75 feet wide, from its junction with Cedar Creek Channel to the head of navigation, about one-half tmile. All depths refer to mean low water, the mean tidal range being 6.4 feet. The extreme tidal range, due to wind and other causes, is 11 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $1,217,500, ..of which $39,000 is to be contributed by local interests, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $25,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 4, 1836, provided for the Fayerweather Island sea wall; the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the shore -protection of Fayerweather Island and for a channel 12 feet deep in the upper Poquonock River (Annual Report for 1899, p. 1173); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the west breakwater and the present dimensions of the east breakwater and for an entrance chan- nel and anchorage 22 feet deep (H. Doc. Nos. 275 and 521, 59th 'Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided a channel 18 feet deep in Poquonock River to Black's Coal wharf (H. Doc. No. 751, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of March 2, 1919, provided finally for the present dimensions of the 18 and 12 foot anchorage basins and Burr Creek Channel (H. Doc. No. 898, 63d Cong., 2d sess); the act of July 3, 1930, made final provisions for the present dimensions of the 25-foot channel, the 25-foot anchorage, the channels through the main harbor, Poquonock River, Yellow Mill Pond, Johnsons River, Black Rock Harbor, and Cedar Creek (H. Doc. No. 281, 71st *Cong., 1st sess.) The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommnended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, re- quired as a condition precedent to work on the Johnsons River Chan- 148 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 nel that local interests contribute one-half ($39,000) of the estimated cost of that work. This condition has not been met. Preliminary surveys and studies for the development of the contiguous territory have been made. Dredging, totaling quite an extensive amount, has been done by private interests in various portions of the harbor, which has resulted in benefit to general navigation. The cost of this work is not known. Terminal facilities.-The general type of wharf in use is a stone or timber bulkhead with pile apron in front. There are but few piers, and those small. The terminal and transfer facilities at the wharves of the larger manufacturing companies are efficient, and, except at Johnsons River, Black Rock, and Burr Creek, one or more wharves in each of the above groups have direct railroad connections. The city owns one small wharf in the main harbor and a larger one in the upper Poquonock. The total frontige developed is ap- proximately as follows: In the main harbor, both sides at the head, about 1 mile; Poquonock River, both sides, 1 mile; Yellow Mill Pond, both sides, not continuous, one-fourth mile; Cedar Creek, nearly 1 mile; Johnsons River, Burr Creek, and Black Rock, a few small, scattered wharves. The total length of berthing space available is 17,900 feet, of which 150 feet is owned by the city, 4,700 feet is open for public use, and 13,050 feet is privately owned and so used. While the existing wharves appear to be adequate for the present commerce, increased terminal and transfer facilities are desirable to serve the increased commerce to be expected by a rapidly growing municipality. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doec. No 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No 18, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement is to afford the city of Bridgeport the advantages of water. transportation at greatly reduced rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.--Maintenance dredging under contract, in progress at the beginning of the fiscal year, com- pleted the restoration of the Poquonock River Channel by the removal during the period of 31,482 cubic yards of material. The total yardage removed under the contract was 82,688. The costs were $6,438.79, all applied to maintenance. Expenditures amounted to $6,144.87. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 59 per cent completed. The channels and basins have been dredged to the dimensions previously authorized. The breakwaters were com- pleted in 1908. The anchorage basins and channels are in fair condition. The easterly entrance breakwater is in need of repairs, the shore-protection works on Fayerweather Island are in good con- dition, and the Fayerweather Island breakwater and sea wall need repairs. The controlling depths at mean low water are: Main channel to just inside the inner breakwater, 21 feet, and thence nearly 18 feet to the lower bridge, as determined in 1927; Poquonock River, 19 feet to Black's coal wharf, and thence to the head of the improved channel, nearly 13 feet, as determined in 1929; Yellow Mill Channel, RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 149 12 feet to Hamilton Street, and thence 10 feet nearly to the head of the improved channel; Johnsons River, 12 feet to the first bend at the entrance to the river, and thence nearly 10 feet to the head of the channel; Black Rock Harbor, 12 feet, all as determined in 1928; Cedar Creek, 12 feet (not full widths) nearly to the heads of the branches, as determined in 1929; Burr Creek, about 31/2 feet to its head, as determined in 1923; anchorage basins, 14 to 22 feet, 18, and 9 to 12 feet, respectively. Costs under the existing project have been $713,490.65 for new work and $260,788.96 for maintenance, a total of $974,279.61; and total expenditures, $972,847.90. Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended on June 30, 1930, amounted to $10,885.56. It is proposed to apply these funds to maintenance dredging in Cedar Creek Channel. To provide for necessary maintenance dredging in the Cedar Creek Channels, funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Dredging 150,000 cubic yards of mud and sand at 21 cents per cubic yard------------------------ --------------------------- $31, 500 Administration and inspection_________----------- 3, 500 Total for maintenance--------------- ------------- ------ 35, 000 This amount exceeds the average annual expenditure for main- tenance during the past five years because such work has not been prosecuted annually. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interest of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were coal, petroleum products, iron, sand and gravel, fertilizer, trap rock, and steamboat freight, carried in steamers, barges, motor vessels, and schooners drawing from 7 to 25 feet. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925-.---- 1,016, 881 $98, 630, 759 70, 676 1928------- 1,175, 343 $110, 167, 976 82, 242 1926- 1, 173, 493 94, 299, 666 69, 653 1929-------- 1, 147, 370 97, 092, 151 28, 070 1927 .....- .1, 146, 852 99, 568, 594 166, 296 Cost and finanoial summanry Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-----------------------$1, 091, 940. 18 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 -----_------____ _____ 272, 737. 93 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 1, 364, 678. 11 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 __----___________ ___ - 174. 78 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 --- ______ 1_______ 1, 364, 852. 89 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930- ---- ______- 1, 606. 49 Net total expenditures ----- _-----------__-__--__ 1, 363, 246. 40 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------- 10, 885.56 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--- --------- 1, 374, 131. 96 150 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....-..................... $13, 373. 56 $788. 45 ---- -- ------------ Cost of maintenance ..------ ..... 13,975. 60 1, 30. 62 $1, 146. 15 $12, 913. 57 $6, 438. 7 T'otal cost_... .......---.---------- - 27, 349. 16 2, 419.07 1, 146. 15 12, 918. 57 6, 438.79 27, 349. 16 Total expended...................._______. 2, 419. 07 1, 180. 40 11,775. 78 6, 144. 87 Allotted------------........................-------- ------------------ -- 25,000.00 ------------------------ Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ $17,030.43 Gross amount expended- --------------------------- $6, 195.37 Less receipts from Lsreepsfo sales___ ____ 50. sae--------------------------------50. 50 50 6, 144. 87 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930___ ______-----10,885.56 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ---------------- _ 1, 606.49 Balance available June 30, 1930__---------- ----- 9,279. 07 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930-- 1------------------ 174. 78 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930-------------- 9, 453. 85 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 2----------------- 465, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1__ ---- ___ __----__35,000. 00 27. SOUTHPORT HARBOR, CONN. Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound about 50 miles east of New York City. It con- sists of an outer bay about 1 mile wide, extending inland one-half mile, and the tidal portion of Mill River, about 1 mile long, narrow, and entering the bay from the north. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart, No. 220.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was 2 feet at the entrance. At the head of the harbor, about three-fourths of a mile above the entrance, the bottom was bare at low tide. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1829, and was modified in 1876 and 1881. The cost and expenditures prior to operations under that portion of the existing project adopted by the act of June 13, 1902, were $26,087.43 for new work and $5,000 for maintenance, a total of $31,087.43. Emisting project.--This provides for a stone breakwater about 1,320 feet long at the mouth of the harbor; for a dike about 1,350 feet long along the easterly side of the harbor; for a channel 6 feet deep, 100 feet wide from the 6-foot curve in Long Island Sound to the second turn inside of the breakwater, thence 75 feet wide upstream as far as the docks, and thence 60 feet wide along the dock front; for an anchorage basin 6 feet deep and 75 feet wide outside of the channel; and for the removal of ledge rock to depth of 7 feet. The plane of reference is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 6.6 feet. The extreme tidal range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 11 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, re- 1Exclusive of available funds. In addition $39,000 is to be contributed by local interests. RIVERS AND AIARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 151 vised in 1911, was $33,670.98, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1829, provided for the breakwater and dike (Annual Report for 1871, p. 824) ; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the present channel dimensions, the anchorage basin, and the removal of ledge rock (Annual Report for 1911, p. 1245). For map see Annual Report for 1886, page 648. Recommended modification of project.--None. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project. The break- water was kept in repair at local expense in the interval between its completion in 1837 and the resumption of operations by the United States in 1876. During 1916 hydraulic dredging for land reclama- tion to the extent of nearly a million cubic yards by the Country Club of Fairfield and subsequent dredging by other interests in 1925 materially deepened and widened the channel from Long Island Sound to the end of the upper docks and completed the anchorage basin. Terminal facilities.-There are no wharves in commercial use. There are no publicly owned wharves. Direct connection with the railroad is not available. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce, which consists largely of pleasure craft and small commercial boats using the harbor for refuge. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement with the additional dredging by local interests has been to provide a safe and convenient harbor for pleasure craft and boats engaged in oyster fishery. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Repairs were made by contract to numerous portions, aggregating 166 linear feet, of the breakwater, restoring that structure to good condition. The costs were $1,209, applied to maintenance. The expenditures were $1,209. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1917 at a saving of $545 under the estimated cost. The breakwater and dike were completed in 1838, and the channels and basin, 95 per cent completed by the United States in 1914, were completed by private interests in 1917. The dike is in fair condi- tion and the breakwater in-good repair. The controlling depth is about 9 feet at mean low water. The costs and expenditures under the existing project have been $33,125.60 for new work and $3,- 931.91 for maintenance, a total of $37,057.51, and the expenditures $37,057.51. Proposed operations.-There are no funds to the credit of this improvement. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as the channels have ample depth and the breakwater is in good condition. Commercial statistics.-No commerce was reported for the past year. The harbor is used by many pleasure boats, about 75 being reported as making Southport their home port. These are from 15 to 150 feet in length and draw from 3 to 10 feet. 152 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGIN ERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 $59, 213.03 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------- 8, 931.91 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 8, 144. 94 6----------- Net total expenditures_______------------------------------------- 68, 144. 94 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930- -.------------ 68, 144. 94 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..----- ------- --- Cost of maintenance---------- ------------ ------------ ---------------------- $1, 209.00 Total expended-------------------------- -------- -------------------- ----------- 1, 209. 00 . Allotted-_-...-----------------------. ------------ ------------ $1, 000. 00 ------------ 209.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------- $1,000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929------ ------------------------------------- 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for-----______----- 1, 500. 00 Deductions on account of revocation of allottment-__------ -__.. 291. 00 Net amount to be accounted for ______________________ 1, 209. 00 Gross amount expended_----------- ---- __-___ __- 1, 209. 00 28. WESTPORT HARBOR AND SAUGATUCK RIVER, CONN. This project is about 70 per cent completed. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and there are no funds available. No further work is proposed. (For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1927, p. 131.) Commercial statistics.-The freight reported for the calendar year was sand, stone, and fish, carried in barges and motor vessels, with a maximum draft of 6 feet. There was a general decrease in ton- nage of about 51 per cent under that reported for 1928, due to de- creased receipts. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925----- ---------------- 8, 438 $102,491 1928_------- ------- 25,225 $46, 720 1926 --------------------- 12, 912 89,620 1929 --------------------- __ 12, 322 25,806 1927 --------------------- 36,349 114,340 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------------$32, 104. 55 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------- 3, 360. 44 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 35, 464. 90 Net total expenditures-- -------------------------------- 35, 464. 99 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------------35. 464. 99 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Costof new work.. Cost of maintenance...--- ......----------------------------------- Total expended _----------------- ------------------- 100----------- Allotted -- - - - Alote- i i iil----------------------------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---- -------- ------ $5, 800. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 153 29. NORWALK HARBOR, CONN. Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, about 44 miles east of New York City. It con- sists of a broad outer bay, also known as Sheffield Island Harbor; an inner harbor, about one-half mile wide and 11/2 miles long; and the tidal portion of Norwalk River, 1/2 miles long, narrow, and crooked. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 221.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was 5 feet to South Norwalk, about 31/2 miles, and thence to Norwalk, about 11/2 miles, the river was nearly bare at low tide. The head of navigation was at Norwalk. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872, and modified in 1880 and 1894. A second project adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, was extended by the act of March 2, 1907, to provide a channel 8 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the railroad bridge at South Norwalk up to Norwalk, with a basin of the same depth at the head of navigation, and a channel 6 feet deep and 75 feet wide to the wharves at East Norwalk. The cost and expenditures on these projects were $162,516.81 for new work and $66,120.44 for maintenance, a total of $228,637.25. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1757. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep from the outer harbor to the highway bridge at South Norwalk, about 3% miles; 200 feet wide to Dorlons Point, thence 150 feet wide to South Norwalk and 250 feet wide along the South Norwalk wharves; an anchorage basin 10 feet deep and about 17 acres in area opposite Fitchs Point; a channel 10 feet deep and generally 100 feet wide from South Norwalk to the head of navigation at Norwalk, about 1.5 miles; and for the maintenance of the channel 6 feet deep and 75 feet wide along the east side of the harbor to the head of navigation at East Norwalk. The reference plane is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 6.8 feet. The maximum range due to the combined effect of wind and other causes is 12 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1927, is $284,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,000 for the first three years and $4,000 thereafter. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2 1919. (H. Doc. No. 1143, 63d Cong., 2d sess.) For the latest published map see the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, adopted the existing project with the proviso that no part of the appropriation " shall be expended until the Secretary of War shall have received satisfactory assurances that local interests will con- struct such public wharfage facilities as in his opinion are required in the interest of commerce." The requirements of this act have been fully met. Expenditure of funds appropriated by the above act was authorized by the Secretary of War under date of May 16, 1923. The city of Norwalk has constructed a suitable wharf adjacent to the Washington Street Highway Bridge. 154 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Terminal fadilities.-The general type of construction is a stone or timber bulkhead with earth fill, in front of which is a narrow pile apron, except that the lower wharves at South Norwalk are narrow open-pile piers with slips 100 to 200 feet long between them. The developed frontage is over one-half mile at Norwalk, about three-fourths mile at South Norwalk, and a few hundred feet at; East Norwalk. The city of Norwalk owns a small wharf on the east. side of the river near the basin at Norwalk and has constructed a second wharf at South Norwalk, which is temporarily out of commis- sion. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing com-- merce. The total length of berthing space available is 6,165 feet, of' which 2,360 feet, including 320 feet owned by the municipality, is: open to public use, and the remainder is privately owned and so used.. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong. 2d sess., and Port Series No. 18, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement is essential to the water-borne commerce of the locality . and has effected a material, reduction in water rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging: under contract and in progress at the close of the fiscal year removed a total of 37,978 cubic yards of material and restored the depths along- the eastern side of the channel between Gregory's Point and the South Norwalk wharves and along the western side of the channel opposite the wharf front. The costs were $149.65 for plant account applied to new work, and $8,331.86 for maintenance, a total of $8,481.51. -Expenditures amounted to $6,069.06. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in, 1929, at a saving of $27,310.28 under the estimated cost. The con- trolling depths at mean low water are: To Gregory's Point, 11 feet; thence to Washington Street Bridge at South Norwalk, 10 feet; in the anchorage basin, 7 to 11 feet; between South Norwalk and Norwalk, 101/2 feet, all as determined in 1929; and in the East Norwalk channel, nearly 6 feet as determined in 1928. The head of navigation is at Norwalk. The costs under the existing project have been $256,689.72 for new work and $34,193.09 for maintenance, a. total of $290,882.81; and the total expenditures $288,470.36. Proposed operations.--Funds unexpended on June 30, 1930,. amounted to $45,305.39. It is proposed to apply these funds to, restoring depths in the channel and anchorage at and below South. Norwalk, as follows: Dredging under contract, in progress, to be completed in September, 1930, including outstanding liabilities----------------------- $35, 690. 07 Administration, inspection, and contingencies------------ _ 9,615. 32 --------- Total for maintenance------------------------ 45, 305. 39 No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 as the completion of the above work will leave the harbor channels in condition to meet the requirements of existing commerce. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were building materials, coal, oysters, and general merchandise. The bulk of the tonnage was carried on a draft of from 9 to 12 feet. There was a decrease in tonnage of about 7 per- cent under that reported for 1928, due to decreased receipts of build- ing materials. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 155 Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925--------------------- 159,232 $6,612,634 1928-----....---------------151,783 $5,369,914 1926-------------------- 136,970 3,423,968 1929--------------------- 140,737 5,576,421 1927..........-----..........--------------- 123,818 5,594,627 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------- ---------------- $419, 206. 53 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---- --.. ------------- __ 100, 313. 53 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 519, 520. 06 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------- 2, 412. 45 Net total expenditures ------------------------------ 517, 107. 61 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930__-------------------- 45, 305.39 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 562, 413.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work --------------------- $45,601.65 .... . $276.86 $56,498.08 $149.65 Cost of maintenance .------------------------------ $443.20 679.17 14, 381.70 8,331.86 Total cost---------------.......------------ 45, 601. 65 443.20 956.03 70, 879. 78 8, 481.51 'Total expended_.----_----------------- 45, 601.65 443. 20 1,691. 08 70, 139. 73 6,069. 06 Allotted .......---------------------------.....--------....--..---------. 65,000.00 ---...-------.. 35,000.00 -Balance unexpended July 1, 1929___ $16,374.45 _Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929_____________------------------ 35, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_ 51, 374. 45 __________-------------- uGross amount expended ------------------------------------ 6, 069. 06 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930____---------------- 45, 305. 39 -Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------- $2, 412.45 _Amount covered by uncompleted contracts ----------- 36, 822. 06 39, 234. 51 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------6, 070. 88 30. STAMFORD HARBOR, CONN. Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, 36 miles east of New York City. It consists of a bay about 2 miles wide. at its mouth and extending inland 11/2 miles, from which two tidal inlets, known as the east and west :branches, 11/2 and 11/ miles long, respectively, extend northerly into the city of Stamford. The east branch, known locally as the " Canal," is largely artificial; the west branch is the tidal portion of Mill River, a small fresh-water stream. (See U. S. Coast an-d ,Geodetic Survey Chart No. 221.) -west Original condition.--The minimum usable low-water depth in the branch was from 1 to 3 feet at the head, increasing in the bay Ito 12 feet; the depth in the east branch was small, but this branch 156 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, T. S. ARMY, 1930 had been straightened and dredged about 6 feet deep and 60 feet wide by private enterprise before its improvement was begun by the United States. The head of navigation in the east and west branches was and is about 1/2 and 11/5 miles, respectively, above the head of the bay. Mill River is said to have been originally navigable by schooners for a considerable distance above the Oliver Street Bridge, at the head of the existing west-branch channel. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of August 5, 1886. A second project, adopted by the act of July 13, 1892, and modified in 1901 by departmental authority, provided for a channel in the west branch 7 feet deep at mean low water, 150 feet wide, and about 11/5 miles long, with a basin of the same depth be- tween harbor lines at the head of the harbor, and in the east branch a channel 9 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide for a length of about 8,535 feet and from about 80 to 125 feet wide for about 1,200 feet farther to the head of the harbor. The cost and expenditures on these projects were $135,142.85 for new work and $59,419.99 for maintenance, a total of $194,562.84. For further de- tails of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1758. Exiting project.-This provides for an entrance channel 12 feet deep, 200 feet wide, and about 0.6 mile long; a channel in the east branch 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide, with increased width at the turns, to a point 1,100 feet from the head of navigation, thence of the same depth and from 85 to 125 feet wide to the head of naviga- tion, a total distance of about 1.5 miles; a channel in the west branch 9 feet deep, 100 feet wide, and about three-quarters mile long, and a basin of the same depth and 200 feet wide at the head of the branch. The plane of reference is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 7.3 feet. The extreme tidal range, due to the combined effects of wind and other causes, is 12 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1928 is $205,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1914) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 1130, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). For the latest published map see the project document. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, adopted the existing project with the provisos " That no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands re- quired for the purpose of this improvement " and " That no part of the appropriation shall be expended until the Secretary of War shall have received satisfactory assurances that local interests will con- struct a suitable public wharf." The city of Stamford has completed the construction of a wharf on city property located on the east branch of the harbor, and satis- factory releases have been secured covering the necessary lands. Expenditure of funds appropriated by the above act was authorized by the Secretary of War, November 18, 1919. Prior to the adoption of the original project a channel 6'/2 feet deep and 60 feet wide had been dredged to the head of the east branch by private interests, at a cost said to be about $250,000. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 157 Terminal facilities.-Practically all of the wharves served by this improvement are of the shore-line bulkhead type, either with or without pile aprons. In the west branch they surround the basin at the head of the channel. In the east branch they are located on both sides of the channel, within 3,000 feet of its head. The total frontage developed is over one-half mile in the west branch and nearly a mile in the east branch. Railroad connection exists at the head of the east branch and along the wharves on the west side. There is no publicly owned terminal in the west branch, but the city of Stamford has constructed one in the east branch. The total length of berthing space available is 6,015 feet, of which 2,425 feet, including 200 feet owned by the city, is open to public use, and the remainder is privately owned and so used. The facilities are con- sidered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 18, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has afforded the city of Stamford increased facilities for water transportation, with a conse- quent reduction in water rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions, costs, or expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is practically com- pleted. The entrance channel and the west branch channel and basin have been completed, and the east branch channel has been completed except for a slight deficiency in width in the turn opposite Ludlow Street. The controlling depths at mean low water are: In the entrance channel, 12 feet (not full width); in the east branch, nearly 12 feet in a narrow channel nearly to the head; in the west branch, 9 feet (not full width) to the basin; and in the basin, 6 feet, all as determined in December, 1929. To complete the project re- quires a slight widening (not essential to navigation) in the channel opposite Ludlow Street. Costs under the existing project have been $188,414.94 for new work and $38,882.75 for maintenance, a total of $227,297.69; and the total expenditures, $227,297.69. Proposed operations.-There are no funds to the credit of this improvement. The channel in the west branch of the harbor has deteriorated since last dredged in 1924. To provide for restoring project depth in this channel funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Dredging 72,000 cubic yards of sand, mud, and gravel at 43 cents per cubic yard-------- ------ $30, 960 ------------------------ ---------- Administration and inspection---------------------------------3, 540 Total for maintenance--------------------------------- 34, 500 This amount exceeds the average annual expenditure for main- tenance during the last five years because no operations have been necessary during the last three years. Commercial statistics.-The principal. items of freight for the calendar year were coal, sand, petroleum products, stone, general package freight, automobiles, and lumber, carried in barges, schooners, motor vessels, and steamers, drawing from 6 to 17 feet. 158 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 There was an increase in tonnage of about 21/2 per cent over that reported for 1928. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925--------........ 410, 501 $23, 576,176 ------------ 1928........ 438, 986 $27, 843, 145 63, 459 1926-------- 380,711 23, 569, 602 ------------ 1929-------- 450,655 31,164, 615 65,794 1927------- 419,920 26, 617,913 45,376 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------- $323, 557. 79 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 98, 302. 74 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------ ---- 421, 860. 53 Net total expenditures------------------------------------ 421, 860. 53 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- 421, 860. 53 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..----------------------- $373.03 $11, 313.13 .. ___ Cost of maintenance --------------- --..... 35, 090.32 112.34 $123.18 $18.37" __._._......... Total cost__._______. 35,463.35 11,425.47 123.18 18.37 Total expended-....______---_-----------_ 35, 463.35 11,425.47 123.18 18.37_ Allotted. ... ----------------------------- 7,000.00 4,500.00---------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------------------------------------- $16,500.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance--- -------- ____----_ 34,500.00 31. GREENWICH HARBOR, CONN. Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, about 30 miles east of New York City. It consists of a shallow cove varying in width from about 1,500 to 200 feet, and extending northward about 3,000 feet from a broad outer bay known as Captains Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 222.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was 6 feet at the lower docks, decreasing to 2 feet at the head of the harbor, which was also the head of navigation, about 0.6 mile above the outer bay. Previous projects.-The original project adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, provided for a channel 90 feet wide from the outer bay to the causeway at the head of navigation, 9 feet deep to the steamboat wharf and 6 feet deep above, the upper end to be enlarged to form a turning basin. The cost and expenditures under this project were $17,017.19 for new work and $12,906.51 for maintenance, a total of $29,923.70. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water from the 12-foot curve in Long Island Sound to a point 500 feet from the causeway at the head of the harbor, about RIVERS AND HARBORS--PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 159 1.2 miles, 130 feet wide in the outer harbor and 100 feet wide along the water front. The mean tidal range is 7.5 feet, and the extreme range, due to the combined effects of wind and other causes, is 12 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1919, is $49,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,250. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 289, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). For the latest published map, see the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project. A small amount of dredging has been done by private interests at an unknown cost that has provided additional anchorage space and has tended to reduce the cost of subsequent operations by the United States. Terminal facilities.-There are eight wharves of the bulkhead and apron type along the eastern side of the channel and at the head of the harbor, six of which are in commercial use, and also several landings for pleasure craft. Public use of several of these wharves may be had by special agreement. There is no direct physical con- nection with the railroad. The town of Greenwich owns two small unimproved wharves, neither of which is accessible to commercial vessels. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has afforded the town of Greenwich added facilities for water transportation and has tended to reduce water rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions, costs, or expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1924 at a saving of $11,704 under the estimated cost. The channel has shoaled along the edges. The controlling depths as de- termined in November, 1929, were nearly 12 feet in the center and about 9 feet along the sides of the channel. The costs and expen- ditures under the project have been $37,295.45 for new work and $15,280.73 for maintenance, a total of $52,576.18. Proposed operations.-There are no funds to the credit of this improvement. To provide for necessary maintenance in the harbor channel, funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Dredging 41,00 cubic yards of mud at 35 cents per cubic yard---. $14, 525 Administration, inspection, and contingencies-_ __----___ __ 1, 475 Total for maintenance---------------------------- 16, 000 This amount exceeds the average annual expenditure for mainte- nance during the past five years because no work has been done dur- ing that period. 11714--EN 1930-11 160 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Commercial statistic.--The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were sand mixture, coal, stone, building materials, and petroleum products, carried in barges, schooners, and motor vessels drawing from 4 to 14 feet. There was a decrease in tonnage of about 13 per cent, due to decreased receipts of stone, sand, and mixture. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925-------....... 181, 817 $19, 890, 115 193,320 211,843 1928-------........ $21, 192, 804 77,184 1926 -------- 188, 731 21, 191, 512 90, 000 1929.-------- 183, 299 20, 346, 961 90,787 ------- 1927........ 233,475 20, 291, 205 27, 023 Cost and financia summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 -------------------- $54, 312. 64 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------ -------------- 28, 187. 24 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------82, 499. 88 Net total expenditures------------------------------------82, 499. 88 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-- ------------------ 82, 499. 88 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 .- ----- .-----. Cost of new work.--- .- ..---- -.. - - - --.-.- -. . . -. . . . Cost of maintenance------------------- $150. 81 -- ---- Total expended.......------------------------ 150. 81 --- - - Allotted ............. ...-- .. .------ ..------ --...................- Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance-------------- $16, 000. 00 32. HAY (WEST) HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-This harbor is a small bay about 1/4 mile square on the north shore of Fishers Island near its western end. It is about 6 miles southeast from New London Harbor, Conn., and about 7 miles southwest from Stonington Harbor, Conn. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 358.) Original condition.--The usable low water depths were 8 to 12 feet in the outer part of the harbor and 4 to 7 feet near the head of navigation. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 14 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from the entrance to a point opposite the wharf of the Fishers Island Navigation Co., about 0.4 mile. The mean tidal range is 2.5 feet and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1930, is $12,500. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $250. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 28, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R.. I., DISTRICT 161 Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is a bulkhead wharf, for barge and general traffic, with a pier extension at the northern end used by the steamboat line. There are no unloading facilities. The wharf and pier are privately owned. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a description of the terminal see the project document.) Effect of improvement.-None, pending completion of the im- provement. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-None. There were no costs and no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work on the project has not been commenced. The controlling-depth at mean low water, as determined in 1929, was about 11 feet. There have been neither costs nor ex- penditures under the existing project. Proposed operations.-There are no funds to the credit of this improvement. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails a postponement of new work on the project. Therefore no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of commerce are coal, sand and gravel, cement and other building material, petroleum products, and automobiles, carried in steamers, barges, canal boats, tankers and lighters, drawing from 6 to 121/2 feet. The estimated annual commerce amounts to about 33,000 tons, valued at nearly $9,000,000. The harbor is also extensively used by yachts during the summer season. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- ---------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------- ---------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930______-- __---__ __ ___- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-------- ------------------------------- $12, 500. 00 33. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of prelim- inary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $17,512.44, the expenditures were $16,363.59. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in con- nection with the above items. The additional sum of $21,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. 1 }2 REPORT- OF CHIEF OF ENGINEEBRS U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and flnancia summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-----------------------___ $32, 711.88 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930---------------------------- 48.14 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 -------- 32, 760. 02 __-- _----- Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 -------------- ____-- _ 310. 71 Net total expenditures-------------------------------- 32, 449. 31 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-----------------_------- 13, 050.69 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------- 45, 500.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance ----- __....._ . _ _.......... ..... .... ...------------ $15, 199. 44 $17, 512. 44 Total expended. ..--------------- ----------------------------------........... 16, 085. 72 16, 363. 59 Allotted............---- --------- ------- ---------- ------------ $6,000.00 23, 500. 00 16, 000. 00 11alance unexpended July 1, 1929 --------------------------- $13,414.28 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ______- _____- - - __- $13, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved February 28, 1929-------------------- 3, 000. 00 16,000.00 Amount to be accounted for--------------------------- 29, 414.28 Gross amount expended------------------------------------- 16, 363. 59 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 13, 050. 69 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-__--- ___-____------ 310. 71 Balance available June 30, 193011 12, 739.'98 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930---------- ----------- 48. 14 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 ----------- 12, 788.12 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June -- - - - ---- -- - - - -- - 30, 1932, for maintenance 21, 000. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JANUARY 21, 1927 Reports on preliminary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in documents as indicated: 1. Preliminary examination and survey of Fall River Harbor, Mass.-Reports dated January 13, 1928, and September 25, 1929, with maps, are printed in House Document No. 158, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the ex- isting project so as to provide for a channel 30 feet deep and 400 feet wide, with increased width opposite the wharves below Slades Ferry Bridge, for the removal of the lower end of Hog Island Shoal, and for the maintenance of the 25-foot anchorage, at an estimated cost of $420,000, with $11,000 anually for maintenance. 2. Preliminary eaimination a~nd survey of Bridgeport Harbor, Conm.--Reports dated January 31, 1928, and July 26, 1929, with maps, are printed in House Document No. 281, Seventy-first Congress, a Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 163 second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for an entrance channel and anchor- age 25 feet deep, for a depth of 18 feet in the main harbor channel, in Poquonock River, Yellow Mill Channel, Johnsons River, and Black Rock Harbor, and Cedar Creek, at an estimated cost of $504,000, with $21,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. 3. Preliminary examination and survey of Newo Bedford Harbor, Mass.-Reports dated February 3, 1928, and January 24, 1930, with maps, are printed in House Document No. 348, Seventy-first Con- gress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 30 feet deep and 400 feet wide from deep water in Buzzards Bay to a point just above the New Bedford-Fairhaven Bridge, with increased widths for anchorage and maneuvering purposes in the areas north of Palmers Island and above the bridge, at an estimated cost of $718,000, with $21,000 annually for maintenance. 4. Preliminary examination and survey of Taunton River, Mass.- Reports dated February 4, 1928, and March 18, 1930, with maps, are printed in House Document No. 403, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water, and generally 100 feet wide up to a point about 2,800 feet below Weir Bridge, and thence 80 and 60 feet wide to the bridge, at an estimated cost of $780,000, with $10,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts approved July 27, 1916, and July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received. 1. Buzzards Bay, Mass., and approaches to Cape Cod Canal. 2. Marion Harbor, Mass. 3. Edgartown Harbor, Mass. 4. Woods Hole Channel, Mass. 5. Nantucket Harbor, Mass. 6. Entrance to Great Salt Pond, Block Island, R. I. 7. Old Warwick Cove, town of Warwick, Kent County, R. I. 8. Pawtucket River, R. I. 9. The East Harbor at Block Island, R. I. 10. Entrance to the channel of Salt Pond sometimes called Point Judith Pond. 11. Yantio River, Conn. 12. Clinton Harbor, Conn. 13. New London Harbor, Conn. 14. Branford Harbor,Conn. 15. Connecticut River below Hartford, Conn. 16. Connecticut River, between Hartford, Conn., and Springfield and Holyoke, Mass. 17. New Haven Harbor, Conn. REPORTS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolutions dated August 25, 1928, a review of prior reports on New London Harbor and Thames River, Conn., was requested. 164 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Report of Thames River, Conn., with map, was transmitted to the committee and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 14, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project for Thames River, Conn., so as to provide for a channel 25 feet deep and 250 feet wide to the upper end of Bartletts crossover, and thence 200 feet wide to Allyns Point, at an estimated cost of $169,000, with $4,300 annually for maintenance. A separate report will be submitted on New Lon- don Harbor as soon as practicable. By resolution dated January 30, 1929, a review of reports on Hay (West) Harbor, Fishers Island, N. Y., printed in House Document No. 269, Fifty-ninth Congress, second session, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 28, Seventy-first Con- gress, second session. A plan of improvement is presented which provides for a channel 14 feet deep and 100 feet wide in the harbor extending from the entrance to a point opposite the wharf of the Fishers Island Navigation Co., at an estimated cost of $12,500, with $250 annually for maintenance. By resolution dated April 9, 1928, a review of reports on the Connecticut River between Hartford, Conn., and Holyoke, Mass., printed in House Document No. 417, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session, was requested. Report thereon was transmitted to the com- mittee and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 35, Seventy-first Congress, second session. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. By resolution dated April 21, 1930, a review of reports on the Connecticut River above Hartford, Conn., printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 35, Seventy-first Congress, second session, was requested. Report thereon was transmitted to the com- mittee and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 36, Seventy-first Congress, second session. A plan of improvement is presented which provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water, summer stage, and generally 100 feet wide, to be secured by the construction of a lock and dam near Hartford, the construction of a lock and dam by private interests at Enfield Rapids, the lengthening of this lock by the United States, and by dredging and suitable regulating works, at a total estimated cost to the United States of $3,384,000, with $85,000 annually for maintenance and operation, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolution of the Committee on Commerce, United States Senate, dated February 1, 1929, a review of reports on Block Island Harbor of Refuge, R. I., printed in House Document No. 828, Sixtieth Congress, first session, is requested, and report thereon will be submitted as soon as practicable. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT This district includes all of the principal channels and anchorages of the greater part of the Lower and Upper Bays, New York Har- bor, from the Battery, New York City, to the Atlantic Ocean; the rivers and harbors of Long Island, N. Y., Long Island Sound, and the rivers and harbors on its northern shore west of the Connecticut RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 165 boundary line; East River from the head of Long Island Sound at Throgs Neck to the Battery, New York City, including its tributaries from the north; Hudson River and tributaries to the head of navi- gation about 250 miles north from the Battery; and Lake Cham- plain and tributaries from Whitehall, N. Y., to the Canadian border. District engineer: Col. G. M. Hoffman, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. W. J. Barden, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Port Chester Harbor, N. Y_ 165 22. Coney Island Channel, N. Y. 231 2. Mamaroneck Harbor, N. Y_ 169 23. Bay Ridge and Red Hook 3. Echo Bay Harbor, N. Y___ 172 Channels, N. Y 234 4. New Rochelle Harbor, N. Y_ 175 24. Buttermilk Channel, N. Y__ 238 5. East Chester Creek, N. Y__ 177 25. Gowanus Creek Channel, 6. Westchester Creek, N. Y _.. 181 N. Y---- 242 7. Bronx River, N. Y __... 184 26. East River, N. Y......... 245 8. Harbor at Flushing Bay, 27. Wallabout Channel, N. Y__ 255 N. Y---------------- 188 28. Newtown Creek, N. Y--- 257 9. Manhasset Bay, N. Y ... 191 29.- Harlem River, N. Y----_ 262 10. Hempstead Harbor, N. Y__ 192 30. Hudson River Channel, N. Y_ 267 11. Glencove Creek, N. Y__ 195 31. New York Harbor: Collec- 12. 13. 14. Huntington Harbor, N. Y__ Port Jefferson Harbor, N. Y_ Mattituck Harbor, N. Y .. 197 200 203 tion of drift _ 32. Tarrytown Harbor, N. Y -. 33. Peekskill Harbor, N. Y .. 274 276 278 15. Great South Bay, N. Y ... 205 34. Wappinger Creek, N. Y .. 280 16. Browns Creek, N. Y _.... 208 35. Rondout Harbor, N. Y .... 283 17. East Rockaway (Debs) In- 36. Saugerties Harbor, N. Y__ 285 let, N. Y__ 211 37. Hudson River, N. Y _.-. 288 18. Jamaica Bay, N. Y___--- 212 38. Operating and care of lock 19. Channel connecting Grave- and dam in Hudson River send Bay with Jamaica at Troy, N. Y_ 298 Bay, N. Y_ 218 39. Narrows of Lake Cham- 20. Sheepshead Bay, N. Y ___ 219 plain, N. Y. and Vt__.. 300 21. New York Harbor : Am- 40. Burlington Harbor, Vt.... 303 brose, Main Ship, Bayside, 41. Plattsburg Harbor, N. Y___ 306 and Gedney Channels, in- 42. Port Henry Harbor, N. Y__ 309 cluding Anchorage Chan- 43. Examinations, surveys, and nel and Craven Shoal and contingencies (general) __ 311 channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swinburne Islands, N. Y_ 222 1. PORT CHESTER HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-This harbor, located at the boundary between the States of New York and Connecticut, and about 32 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City, consists of the Byram River and a shallow bay at its mouth, about 100 acres in extent, opening into Long Island Sound. About 1 mile above its mouth at the head of navigation, the river is crossed by a fixed bridge. The source of the river is about 13 miles north of the bridge. Below the bridge the river is tidal and from 100 to 300 feet wide. The bay is" protected from storms in the sound by Manursing Island on the south and a breakwater completed by the United States in 1895 and extending out from Byram Point on the east. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 222.) Original condition.-The river had a mean low-water depth of about 1 foot. Salt Rock in the river and Sunken Rock in the bay 166 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 193 0 were considered to be dangerous obstructions. The7 head of naviga- tion was and is at the fixed bridge, about 13/4 miles from Long Island Sound. P revious projects.--The original project for improvement, adopted June 10, 1872, was modified in 1884 (A. R. 1884, p. 712) and en- larged by river and harbor acts of March 3, 1899, and March 2, 1907. The cost and expenditures under this project prior to the commence- ment of work under the existing project in 1910, were $74,995.10 for new work and $16,369.12 for maintenance, a total of $91,364.22. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1758. Existing project. This provides for an anchorage basin near the breakwater, 12 feet deep, for fenders on the east bank opposite the southern end of Fox Island, and for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide from Long Island Sound to the mouth of the river at the southerly point of Fox Island; thence 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide to 900 feet below the fixed bridge at Mill Street in Port Chester, including a,turning basin opposite the steam- boat landing; and thence 3 feet deep and 175 to 100 feet wide to 100 feet below the fixed bridge. The length of the section included in the project is about 15/8 miles. Mean tidal range, 7.1 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8.4 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 4 feet below mean low water up to 4.5 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $454,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, of which $5,500 is to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1927) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance after completion is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1165, 60th Cong., 2d sess.), and modified by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 23, 70th Cong., 2d sess.), the latter act providing for widening the turning basin, for an anchorage basin, and for fenders on the east bank. The latest published maps are in the project documents. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, pro- vides that local interests shall contribute $5,500 in cash toward wid- ening the channel at the turning basin. About 1893, the local authorities, aided by private interests, ex- pended $1,200 in dredging the channel above Fox Island previously excavated by the United States. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 20 in number, with avail- able dockage of 3,197 feet, are located on Byram River at and be- tween Fox Island and the fixed bridge; one of these is connected . with the main line of railroad by spur track. One terminal, with available dockage of 75 feet, is publicly owned, but is not used be- cause of its inconvenient location; 18, with available dockage of 3,122 feet, are either corporately or privately owned; and 1 consists of an earth slope occupied by a trestle supporting a pipe line. Other details are as follows: 11 with available dockage of 1,728 feet consist of solid fills behind stone bulkheads; 7 with available dockage of 1,169 feet consist of open pile with solid fills behind stone bulkheads in rear; RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 167 1 with available dockage of 300 feet consists of a solid fill behind a timber bulkhead; and 1 consists of a pile trestle supporting a pipe line. The existing facilities appear to be adequate for existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Port Chester Harbor lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 223, of this report.) Effect of improvement.-Transportation by water has been ren- dered easier and safer, while the draft and registered tonnage of the largest vessels entering the harbor have increased. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The cost of a harbor line survey and contingencies was $4,147.63 for maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $4,105.96. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 69 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The channel has been completed to project dimensions except at Purdy Grove and at Bents Wharf, about 1,500 feet and 2,000 feet above Fox Island, respectively, where scattering rock shoals reduce the controlling depth to 9 feet at mean low water and the width to 75 feet. Scattering rock shoals else- where between Fox Island and the turning basin reduce the con- trolling depth in the channel of project width to 9 feet. The work remaining to be done consists in the removal of these rock shoals which include ledge rock extending into thichannel opposite Purdy Grove and at Bents Wharf, widening the ttining basin, dredging an anchorage basin, and constructing fenders on bank opposite the south- ern end of Fox Island. When examined after completion of dredging in April, 1928, the controlling mean low-water depth was 12 feet through a channel 150 feet wide from the entrance at Long Island Sound up to Byram Point just below Fox Island; thence to Fox Island 10 feet deep through a channel gradually reducing in width to 100 feet; thence to the turning basin 75 feet wide and 9 feet deep; the depth in the turning basin is 10 feet; thence to the head of the improvement, the channel was of project width and depth. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $360,- 604.36-$312,570.49 for new work and $48,033.87 for maintenance; the total expenditures amounted to $360,562.69. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $5,173.09. With this it.is proposed to pay outstanding liabili- ties of $41.67 and prosecute such minor work of maintenance as may be urgently necessary. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. It is not believed that additional funds will be needed for prose- cuting work of maintenance during the next two years. Therefore, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of building material, petroleum products, coal, general merchandise, ashes and cinders, and lumber. 168 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925..--...---.. -------------- 261, 116. $10, 996, 226 1928............--------------------484,206 $10, 225,921 1926--------------- ____ - 328,053 17, 900, 941 1929-....--.----------------- 450, 444 10, 798,993 1927 ___........... ______. 456, 514 17, 508, 400 The decreased tonnage figure for 1929 is due to a decreased tonnage of building material and general merchandise; the increased value figure is due to an increased tonnage of petroleum products. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table. Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Building material---------- - - .----- ----------------------------------- 69. 1 5-10 Petroleum products--..----- ------------------------------------------- 14.1 5-10 Coal. .--- -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- 7. 3 5-10 General merchandise . .... ...... .... - . .......------------.------------------------ 5. 8 8-12 Ashes and cinders -------------------------------------------------------- 2. 2 5-10 Lumber .....----------- ....--------------------------------------------------------------- 1. 5 5-10 Co and finaincial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_----------------- $387, 565. 59 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930- 4, 402. 99 6----------------------- Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------451, 968. 58 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------ ---- ------ 41.67 Net total expenditures_, __- __-__ ___ 451, 926. 91 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930___ ______---------------------------- 5, 173.09 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------------- 457, 100. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------__.----------------- $832. 99 $14, 705. 08 $107, 141.35 $955.03 Cost of maintenance. - 2, 851. 48 55. 65 15, 417. 63 4, 717. 21 $4, 147.63 Total cost---_________________________ 3, 684.47 14, 760. 73 122, 558.98 5, 672. 24 4, 147.63 Total expended_______________-------------------.. 3, 684. 47 14, 760. 73 125, 306.06 5, 829.07 4, 105.96 Allotted--------------------------.. ---- 97, 500.00 8,100.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929____---------------- Gross amount expended ....... ___ __ ___------- $9, 279. 05 4, 105. 96 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_--------------------------5, 173.09 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----- --------------------- 41. 67 Balance available June'30, 1930____ __------------------------ 5, 131. 42 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1------_---__- _2__ -- -- 2135, 900. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. * In addition $5,500 is to be contributed by local interests. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 169 2. MAMARONECK HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.--This harbor, situated on the north shore of Long Island Sound, 5 miles west of the Connecticut State line, and 27 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City, con- sists of a tidal inlet opening into a shallow bay about 1 square mile in area. Mamaroneck River, the source of which is 7 miles north of the harbor, empties into the inlet at the head of navigation, which is marked by a fixed bridge at the Boston Post Road in the village of Mamaroneck, 1 mile above the head of the bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 222.) Original condition.--A narrow winding channel passed to the west- ward of Grassy Knoll, a rocky obstruction situated 1,000 feet south of Harbor Island. It had a controlling depth of 4.6 feet at mean low water up to an old steamboat wharf on the island; above this, to wharves near the head of navigation just below the Boston Post Road, the controlling depth was six-tenths of a foot. A secondary channel passed to the east of Grassy Knoll and afforded a passage for a large part of the tidewaters. Outside the limits of these channels the harbor abounded in flats. Several rocks obstructed the mouth of the harbor and caused the wrecking of a number of vessels. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, and modified April 27, 1899 (A. R. 1899, p. 126). The cost and expenditures under this project were $40,000-$35,371.50 for new work and $4,628.50 for maintenance. For further details of this project see Annual Report for 1915, page 1759. A second project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912. The cost and expenditures under this project prior to commencing work under the existing project in July, 1924, were $54,139.29-$45,352.93 for new work and $8,786.36 for maintenance. For further details of this project see pages 141 and 142 of the Annual Report for 1924. Existing project.-This provides for an anchorage area near the head of navigation and for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet bottom width from deep water in Long Island Sound to Orienta Point, and thence 80 feet bottom width following the lines of the project adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 1087, 61st Cong., 3d sess.), to a point about 150 feet below the Boston Post Road, with widening at bends. Length of section included in project, 11/4 miles. Mean tidal range, 7.1 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8.4 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 4 feet below mean low water up to 4.5 feet above mean high water. Estimated cost for new work, made in 1919, $103,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects; estimated cost of annual maintenance, made in 1919, $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922. (H. Doc. No. 651, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is printed in House Document No. 1087, Sixty- first Congress, third session. Recommended modifcations of project.-None. Local cooperatio.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, required that easements for right of way and for the disposition of 170 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, T. S. ARMY, 1930 the dredged material on Harbor Island be furnished free of cost to the United States. The easement for right of way was approved by the Secretary of War May 20, 1913, and by July, 1913, the village authorities had completed the construction of a rubblestone wall around Harbor Island, at a cost of about $10,000, inclosing about 12 acres of marshland and land under water for the reception of ma- terial to be excavated in improving the harbor. In 1916 the Orienta Yacht Club dredged a channel through the flats north of Harbor Island from deep water in the main channel up to its landing, 60 feet wide, 6 feet deep, and 600 feet long, at a cost of $3,500. As required by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, in adopting the existing project, the village authorities provided ample dumping areas for the dredged materials and built a satisfactory public wharf. These authorities also dredged a channel about 1,400 feet long, extending from Bush Rock up to the pier at the foot of Meadow Street opposite the south shore of Harbor Island, at a cost of $27,955. The dredged material was used in improving the beach on the east side of Harbor Island. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, five in number, with a total available dockage of 815 feet, are located at the head of navigation; one of the terminals, with available dockage of 70 feet is publicly owned; the remainder are privately owned, one of which, with avail- able dockage of 60 feet, is open to the public. Other details are as follows: 1 with available dockage of 215 feet consists of open-pile construction, with solid fill behind stone bulkheads in the rear. 1 with available dockage of 300 feet consists of part open-pile and part timber bulkhead construction. 2 with available dockage of 270 feet consist of dry rubblestone retain- ing walls. 1 with available dockage of 60 feet consists of open-pile construction with earth. slope in rear. In accord with the conditions prescribed by Congress (see under Local cooperation) the village authorities have completed the con- struction of an additional wharf 228.5 feet long and 60 feet wide. While this wharf has but about half the length of that originally planned, it is believed to be of sufficient dimensions to afford ample accommodation for present and immediately prospective require- ments of commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Mamaroneck Harbor lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 223 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-The widening of the channel has rendered access to the harbor easier and safer. Operations and results during fiscal year.--None. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 75 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The channel has been dredged to proj- ect dimensions except off the northeast point of Harbor Island, where the channel is narrowed somewhat by scattering points of ledge rock along the east side of the channel, and scattering areas of rock along RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 171 the northern limits of the anchorage area, and in the channel ex- tending eastward from the main channel at the village wharf near the head of navigation which reduce the depth to 8 feet at mean low water; the removal of these rock shoals will result in the completion of the project. The controlling mean low-water depth when exam- ined in 1928 was about 10 feet in the anchorage area and from the 10-foot contour in Long Island Sound to a point 3,700 feet northerly therefrom; above this to the head of the improvement it was 8 feet. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $104,471.09-$77,381.21 for new work and $27,089.88 for maintenance; the total expenditures amounted to $104,471.09. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $3,789.62. With this it is proposed to prosecute such minor work of maintenance as may be urgently necessary. It is not believed that additional funds will be needed for prose- cuting work of maintenance during the next two years. Therefore, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of building material, cellar dirt, and coal. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925.-------------------- 108,345 $371,857 1928 -------------------- 489, 945 $766, 794 1926 .......------------------ _ -- 169,616 472,350 1929 -------------------- _ 427, 634 688, 753 1927 ....--......-------------------- 305, 973 908, 465 The decreased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to a decreased tonnage of building material, coal, and ashes and cinders. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Building material------- ------------------------------------------------------ _ 90. 00 8-12 Cellar dirt----------------------------------- -------------------------............. 8.5 8-10 Coal--------- -------------------- -- ----------------------------------------- 1.4 8-12 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ----------- _--___- --- ___ $158, 105. 64 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 40, 504.74 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-- .....- -198, 610.38 Net total expenditures---- --------------------------- 198, 610. 38 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-----__---------------------- 3, 789. 62 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_-------- -__202, 400.00 172 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ..--------------- ---- $2, 994. 06 ....----------- $33, 564. 80 $186. 80 Cost of maintenance .-------------------- 13. 21 $219. 11 14, 014. 36 12, 827. 96 - Total cost _---------- ----- 3, 007. 27 219. 11 47, 579.16 13, 104. 76 _ Total expended .---------------- 3, 007. 27 219.11 41, 882. 61 18, 726.55 ........ -_ Allotted-------- ------- ------------------- 45,000.00 19, 600.00 ------------------------ Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__ _------- ____-------- $3, 789. 62 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------------- 3, 789. 62 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated - for completion of existing project 1 _ 25, 600. 00 3. ECHO BAY HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-This harbor, on which lies the city of New Rochelle, is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, 8 miles west of the Connecticut State line and 24 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City, and consists of a shallow inlet, five-eighths of a mile long and 150 feet to 2,000 feet wide, interspersed with islands and with a bay at its mouth three-eighths of a mile long and one-fourth of a mile wide. The inlet, or inner harbor, is landlocked, except at the extreme outer end, while the bay, or outer harbor, is exposed to southeasterly storms. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 222.) Original condition.-The channel leading from the bay to the wharves was only 1 to 2 feet deep and was obstructed by Long Rock, Start Rock, and Sheepshead Reef. The first-mentioned rock was ex- posed at low water and the other two had not more than 1.6 feet and 2.2 feet of water over them, respectively, at mean low water. The head of navigation was and is at the head of the inlet about five- eighths of a mile north of the head of the bay. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 18, 1878, and was modified by river and har- bor acts of June 13, 1902, and March 2, 1907. The cost and expendi- tures under this project prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1910 were $47,378.16---$47,367.75 for new work and $10.41 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see annual report for 1915, page 1760. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide, extending from the 10-foot con- tour in Echo Bay to the city wharf at Beaufort Point (Hudson Park), and a turning basin of the same depth at the inner extremity of the channel. Length of section included in project, 1,300 feet. Mean tidal range, 7.1 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8.4 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 4 feet below mean low water up to 4.5 feet above mean high water. The estimated cost for new work, made in 1910, was $22,110, exclu- sive of amounts expended under previous projects. Estimated cost of annual maintenance made- in 1928, $500. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 173 The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1118, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Prior to 1913 the local authorities of the city of New Rochelle expended about $27,500 in constructing a public wharf at Beaufort Point and about $50,000 in dredging, mainly at and in the approaches to this wharf. There was expended in 1913 by private interests in the construction of a public pier, $2,500, and during and prior to 1913 private interests expended for dredging about $87,475, mainly in the excavation of a channel extending from the main channel at Beaufort Point to the head of navigation near Main Street, and from the same point up to and along the water front of the New Rochelle Coal & Lumber Co. property. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, six in number, with avail- able dockage of 2,395 feet, are scattered along the water front at and between Beaufort Point and the head of navigation. One, with available dockage of 450 feet, is publicly owned; it is inconveniently located with reference to the business center; three, with available dockage of 1,645 feet, are privately owned; one, with available dock- age of 200 feet, is corporately owned; and one, with a frontage of 100 feet, supports two pipe lines on trestles and is privately owned. Other details are as follows: 1 with available dockage of 450 feet consists of sold fill behind stone bulkhead. 1 with available dockage of 200 feet consists partly of concrete bulkhead and partly timber crib bulkhead with solid fill behind. 1 with available dockage of 1,400 feet consists partly of timber bulkhead, partly of rubblestone retain'ng wall, and partly of open pilework with rubblestone wall in rear. 1 with available dockage of 225 feet consists of open pilework with timber crib bulkhead and solid fill in rear. 1 with frontage of 100 feet consists of two pipe lines supported on small trestles. 1 with frontage of 20 feet consists of a ferry rack with dry rubblestone wall in rear. The existing facilities are probably adequate for the amount of commerce that can be accommodated by existing channel dimensions. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Echo Bay Harbor lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 223 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-As the result of improvement, the draft of vessels entering the harbor has been increased. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1911 at a saving of $4,894 under the estimated cost; no maintenance dredging has been done since. When examined in June, 1927, the project depth and width was available throughout the length of the channel; slight shoaling had taken place close to the head of the turning basin. Above this to the head of the inlet the depth in a channel not included in the project for improvement was about 3 feet when examined in 1919. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1929, was $18,725.90-$17216.14 for 174 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 new work and $1,509.76 for maintenance; the total expenditures amounted to $18,725.90. Proposed operations.---The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $200. With this it is proposed to pay the cost of examining the dredged channel to ascertain its condition, and- of miscellaneous investigations and office expenses pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. It is not believed that dredging for maintenance will be necessary during the next two years. Therefore, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.--The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of building material and petroleum products. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925--------------------- 20,017 $590, 715 1928-------_ ------------- 105, 108 $768,044 1926.........---------------------51, 557 942,329 1929--------------------153,732 1,139,980 40,893 1927 .........-------------------- 1,271,967 The harbor is used as an anchorage ground for a large number of pleasure boats. The increased tonnage and value figures in 1929 are due to an increase in the tonnage of gasoline, sand, and gravel, and crushed stone. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the followng table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Building material----.......-------------------------------------------------- 85. 5 6-10 12. 3 Petroleum products--...............----------------------------------------------------............ 8-12 Cost and finanotal summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------- ---------------- $64, 583. 89 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------1, 520. 17 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--..--------66,104. 06 Net total expenditures --- ---------------------------------- 66, 104. 06 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------- 200. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------- 66, 304.06 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---- -- ----------.... ----------- ---------------------- ------------ Cost of maintenance..------------.-- -------------- ------------- -----.--------------- Total expended-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Allotted_ ------------ . __.... $200.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929._ ---------------------------------- $200. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930. ---------------------------------- 200. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 175 4. NEW ROCHELLE IARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-This harbor is: situated in the north shore of Long Island Sound about 23 miles east of the Battery, New York City, and about 2 miles on southerly and westerly courses from Echo Bay Harbor. It lies about 11/2 miles overland from the busi- ness center of New Rochelle, N. Y. The main entrance channel lies between Davenport Neck and Glen Island. A second entrance chan- nel lies between Glen Island and Hunters Island. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 222.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and interspersed with sunken reefs, which made it dangerous for navigation; the depth in the channel varied from 0 to 8 feet at mean low water. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. Under this project a channel was excavated around the south end of Glen Island 8 feet deep at mean low water, 100 feet wide and about 1,600 feet long, connecting deep water between Glen Island and the mainland with deep water in Long Island Sound; a reef at the entrance was removed to a depth of 7.5 feet at mean low water, and Corning Rock, between David's and Goose Islands, was removed to 12 feet depth at mean low water. This project was completed in 1890. The cost and expenditures were $43,174.79, all for new work. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water, 120 feet wide and about 3,400 feet long, extending from the deep-water channel between Glen Island and Davenport Neck up to a point about 300 feet below a dam at the head of navigation in the vicinity of Leland Avenue, New Rochelle, N. Y. Mean tidal range 7.1 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8.4 feet; irregular fluctu- ations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 4 feet below mean low water up to 4.5 feet above mean high water. Estimated cost for new work, made in 1921, was $35,000, exclu- sive of amounts expended under previous projects. Estimated cost of annual maintenance made in 1921, $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 110, 67th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modiflcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922, provides that local interests furnish free of cost to the United States suitable dumping grounds properly protected by bulk- heads or, in lieu thereof, to pay the additional cost of disposing of the material at an outside dumping ground. On November 20, 1923, the city of New Rochelle contributed the sum of $1,120 to cover this additional cost; the actual cost was $814.98, and the bal- ance $305.02, was returned to the city on March 11, 1925. Terminal facilities.--Water terminals, eight in number, with avail- able dockage of 1,200 feet, are situated mainly along the shore be- tween the dam in New Rochelle Creek and the main entrance channel. The land approaches thereto are macadamized and in excellent con- dition. Of these terminals, one is devoted solely to passenger traf- fic and two are devoted to passenger and freight traffic of Glen Island; one to Fort Slocum traffic; three to the handling of coal, 11714---ENG 1930-----12 176 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930. lumber, and other bulk freight; and one, a public wharf, has not been used in recent years because of lack of water caused by shoal- ing. Like conditions, but to a less extent, exist at the other wharves; also at a shipbuilding yard, where it is said vessels of substantial size were built when 8 feet and over was available at low tide. None of the terminals has rail connections. They are of open pile, stone, or stone and timber bulkhead construction. Two of the privately owned wharves, devoted to bulk freight, are open to the public on equal terms and the city authorities are prepared to repair the pub- lic wharf if more water is made available. Under present condi- tions as to depth of water available for commerce the terminal facilities are inadequate, but it is believed that as the result of the work done under the existing project and proposed repairs to the publicly owned wharf they will meet all present demands of the commerce. New Rochelle Harbor lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority De- cember 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Har- bor, p. 223 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-The work accomplished has rendered transportation by water easier and safer and facilitated entrance into the harbor of vessels of increased draft. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1924 at a saving of $4,961 under the estimated cost. An examination made in July, 1928, showed that the project width and depth existed throughout the length of the channel. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $30,626.82--$30,038;88 for new work and $587.94 for maintenance. The total expenditures amounted to $30,626.82. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $173.18. With this it is proposed to pay the cost of examining the dredged channel to ascertain its condition, and of miscellaneous investigations and office expenses pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. It is not believed that dredging for maintenance will be necessary during the next two years. Therefore, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of building material, petroleum products, cellar dirt, and coal. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925..----------....---------- 127, 686 $3, 477, 489 1928_..-------------------- 200, 854 $1, 305, 022 1926-------------------- 169, 806 760, 004 1929--....------------------- 156, 853 1, 422, 635 1927--.....------------------ 169, 190 803, 137 The decrease in tonnage figures in 1929 is due to the decreased tonnage of building materials; the increase in the value figures is due to an increased tonnage of petroleum products and coal. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 177 The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts shown in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Building material------- ----.----------------------------------- ...........------- 56. 6 8-12 Petroleum products --------------------------------------.--------------- 16. 6 8-12 Cellar dirt--....-----------------------------.......------------------------ 14. 9 6-10 Coal ...- .... ..------ -----------------------------------------------------------. 10.2 8-12 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------- $73, 213.67 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--- 87. 94 5--------------------- Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------73, 801.61 Net total expenditures__ ---------------------------- 73,801. 61 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------- ---------- 173. 18 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ______- 73, 974. 79 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of pw work ------------------------------- ------------------------------------ Cost of maintenance---_--------__-_ ---- $334.41 $61.77 $19.47 $26.82 "Totalexpended---- --------------------- j 334. 41 61. 77 102. 77 26. 82 Allotted.......----------------------------- ------------ 100. 00 200.00-............ Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__--- ------------------- $173. 18 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------- ------------------- 173. 18 5. EAST CHESTER CREEK, N. Y. Location and description.-This creek, also known as Hutchinson River, empties into East Chester Bay, an indentation 3 miles long and 1,000 feet to 11/2 miles wide, in the north shore of Long Island Sound, immediately east of Throgs Neck, 12 miles west of the Con- necticut State line and 21 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City. Its source is 9 miles slightly east of north from the head ,of the bay. The navigable section of the creek is tidal, is 100 feet to 1,000 feet in width, and extends about 2 miles above its mouth. The approach channel of 5 feet controlling depth at mean low water, through the bay, is approximately 600 feet wide. Four bridges cross the creek--two near the mouth, one a highway bridge and the other a railroad bridge; one highway bridge at Boston Post Road, and another at Fulton Avenue. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- .detic Survey Chart No. 223.) Original condition.-The head of navigation was marked by a highway bridge at the Boston Post Road, about 2 miles above the head of the bay, to which point the creek was navigable at high tide ,byvessels of 7-foot draft. 178 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Previous projects.-The original project, adopted March 3, 1873, was modified in 1891. (A. R. 1891, p. 809.) The cost and expendi- tures under this project, prior to commencement of work under the existing project in 1910, were $115,500-$89,091.22 for new work and $26,408.78 for maintenance. The second project, adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, provided for a channel 5 feet deep at mean low water with varying widths. The total cost of all previous projects prior to adopting the exist- ing project in 1930, was $313,497.46-$199,355.44 for new work and $114,142.02 for maintenance, and the total expenditures amounted to $313,483.46. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1761, and Annual Report for 1929, page 167. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep and generally 150 feet wide from Long Island Sound through East Chester Bay to a point 700 feet below the Boston Post Road Bridge, and thence 70 feet wide to the northern terminus of the project, about 300 feet above the Fulton Avenue Bridge, and for a passing basin in the vicinity of the Boston Post Road Bridge. Mean tidal range 7.1 feet in the estuary; mean range of spring tides, 8.4 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 4 feet below mean low water up to 4.5 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1930 is $283,000, ex- clusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000 for the first three years and $12,000 annually thereafter. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 37, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, pro- vides that local interests shall furnish, without cost to the United States, necessary rights of way and spoil-disposal areas, and shall give assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers that they will dredge to a depth of 8 feet the large slip located about 200 feet above the Boston Post Road Bridge and the Y-shaped extension of the waterway above the terminus of the existing project. These conditions have not been complied with. In 1877 the lands necessary for a right of way, the value of which is not known, were secured to the United States by the State of New York. This right of way extended from a point some distance be- low the Boston Post Road up to a point about 3,000 feet above it. In 1894 a slip and basin were excavated and bulkheaded in the west shore of the creek immediately above the Boston Post Road, at a cost of about $50,000. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 9 in number, with available dockage of 2,575 feet, are located in the upper 3,500 feet of the projected improvement; none has railroad connections. One pub- licly owned terminal, with available dockage of 500 feet, is open to the public; four, with available dockage of 475 feet, are privately owned; and four, with available dockage of 1,600 feet, are corpo- rately owned, one of which, with available dockage of 1,250 feet, is RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 179 open to the public. All terminals consist of solid fill behind a pile- and-timber bulkhead and are located on or conveniently adjacent to paved streets in fair to good condition. One of the terminals open to the public, with available dockage of 1,250 feet, is in fair to poor condition; the publicly owned termi- nal is in fair condition; all others are in good condition. Local interests have in view the construction of one or two additional ter- minals to meet the increased demands of commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). East Chester Creek lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 223 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-Water terminals have been constructed along a section of the creek heretofore inaccessible to cargo-carrying vessels. This section is now used at high-water periods by vessels of up to 12 feet loaded draft. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Derrick boat E. R. 101 was employed from August 17 to September 6, 1929, removing 52 cubic yards of rock from shoals within the channel limits at a cost of $2,655.33 for new work. The cost of surveys and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement amounted to $1,670.07. The total cost of all work amounted to $4,325.40-$2,655.33 for new work and $1,670.07 for maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $4,328.40. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done under the existing project nor have any expenditures been made thereunder. When examined in 1929, the controlling mean low water depth, through a channel of reduced width, was 5 feet up to a point 300 feet below Fulton Avenue Bridge, thence to the head of the im- provement it was about 2.5 feet. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $39,716.54. With this it is proposed to prosecute work, as follows : Complete by September, 1930, under a contract in force, maintenance dredging of channel--- ------------------------------ $34, 725. 50 Outstanding liabilities_------------------------------ ------ 14. 00 General field expenses, including surveys, inspection, miscellan- eous investigations, and contingencies------------------------3, 977. 04 Engineering, superintendence, and administration----------------1, 000. 00 Total---- ----------------------------------------- 39, 716. 54 It is not expected that any further work of maintenance will be necessary during the next two years, and it is not believed that the conditions of local cooperation will be fulfilled in time to commence work on the new project during the fiscal year 1932. Therefore, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of petroleum products, building material, coal and coke. 180 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925--------------------726, 220 $7, 327, 264 1928--------------------- 526, 974 $6, 549, 584 1926--------------------343, 280 5, 155, 013 1929 -------------------- 796, 458 15, 616, 987 1927..-------------------- 384, 458 5, 366, 660 The increased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to an increased tonnage of petroleum products and lumber. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Petroleumproducts ...............------------------------------------------------------ 51. 2 8-14 Building material.. ------------------------------------------------------- 33. 3 6-10 Coal and coke.. ---------------------------------------------------------- 11. 8 8-14 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $199, 355. 44 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 114, 142. 02 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-----------_ 313, 497. 46 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------------- 14. 00 Net total expenditures-------------------------------- 313, 483.46 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 39, 716. 54 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-- --------- 353, 200. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .-------.........--------------..$2, 779. 12 $3, 480. 84 ---------------------- $2, 655. 33 Cost of maintenance --- _----------------- 2, 342. 59 33, 419. 56 $193. 29 $1, 395. 32 1, 670. 07 Total cost. ----------------------- 5, 121. 71 36, 900.40 193. 29 1, 395. 32 4, 325. 40 Total expended..--------------- --------- 5, 121.71 36, 900. 40 245.71 1, 378. 32 4,328. 40 Allotted .--- ....---------------------------------- 28, 000. 00 25, 000. 00 18, 700. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ---------------------------- $25, 344. 94 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929_------------------------------ ------- 18, 700. 00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------------44, 044. 94 Gross amount expended -- _____----------- - - ___- -- - 4, 328.40 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------- 39, 716. 54 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------- $14. 00 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts-----------34, 725.50 34, 739. 50 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------------- 4,977.04 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1__, ____------------ 283, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 181 6. WESTCHESTER CREEK, N. Y. Location and description.-This creek lies wholly within the limits of Greater New York and extends northward 4 miles from an estu- ary in the north shore of East River, N. Y., situated 14 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City. The estuary varies from 500 to 3,000 feet in width and is about 1 mile long; the depths out- side the dredged channel vary from 1 foot at the head of navigation, 12/3 miles above the mouth of the creek, to 6 feet at East River. The navigable section of the creek is tidal throughout its length and is from 110 to 500 feet wide. A fixed bridge marks the head of naviga- tion at Main Street in Westchester village, and a bascule bridge crosses the creek at Unionport, about 1 mile below the fixed bridge. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 226.) Original condition.-So far as now known, it was not navigable beyond the site now occupied by the fixed bridge at Main Street. The mean low-water depth available for navigation was 31/2 feet through a channel varying in width from 20 to 80 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. The channel dimensions provided for under this project are being maintained to such extent as is necessary for the commerce now using the creek. No work has yet been done under the existing project. The cost up to June 30, 1930, was $141,509.25-$77,181.64 for new work and $64,327.61 for main- tenance; the total expenditures amounted to $141,466.25. For fur- ther details of previous projects see page 238 of Annual Report for 1921. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water, 100 feet wide for a length of 2,000 feet through the estuary; thence 80 feet wide for 3,000 feet; and thence 60 feet wide to the head of navigation at Fort Schuyler Road, a distance of 8,800 feet, with widening at bends, and with two turning basins, one near the upper end of the channel and another near the Unionport Bridge, a total length of about 25/8 miles. Mean tidal range, 6.8 feet; mean range of spring tides 8.1 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 4 feet below mean low water up to 3.5 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost of new work, made in 1922, is $475,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922 (H.( Com. Doc. No. 8, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is printed in House Document No. 370, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922, provides that before entering upon the work local interests or other interested parties shall- (a) Furnish free of cost to the United States suitable and convenient areas, sufficient for the deposit of dredgings necessary for the completion of the project. (b) Build at least one pier with available landings not less than 300 feet total length, to furnish two berths approximately 150 by 50 feet, or sufficient for the largest barges without encroaching upon the improved channel; to 182 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 remove rock or other hard bottom in the berths to a depth 5 feet greater than that of the channel, so that a vessel entering at or near high tide may safely lie there while discharging cargo; to assure that such pier or piers will either be public property or will be open to public use on equal and reasonable terms. If only one pier is built, it shall be located not more than one-half mile below the head of navigation. (c) Furnish free of cost to the United States, the necessary right of way across upland lying between the harbor lines, as established by the Secretary of War May 2, 1914. A number of property owners have consented to the deposit of dredgings on their lands. The city of New York has authorized the construction of a terminal, and the deed ceding the necessary right of way has been received and is being examined. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 14 in number, with avail- able dockage of 2,115 feet, are located-2 between the mouth and Unionport, 5 at Unionport, 1 about midway between Unionport and Westchester village, and 6 in the upper 750 feet of the projected channel; none has railroad connections. Two of the terminals with available dockage of 150 feet are publicly owned, 8 with available dockage of 1,335 feet are privately owned, and 4 with available dock- age of 630 feet are owned by corporations. Other details are as follows: 8 are of open-pile construction, with earth slope in rear. 4 consist of solid.fill behind timber bulkheads. 1 consists of open-pile construction, with rubblestone bulkhead in rear. 1 consists of a pipe line resting on a small trestle. The facilities appear to be adequate. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) West- chester Creek lies within the limits of the port district as recom- mended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 223 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-The draft of the largest vessels using the creek has increased, delays to water-borne commerce have been re- duced, and part of the water-borne commerce of Bronx River has been diverted to this stream pending the completion of the channel at that place. Operations and results during fiscal year.-United States pipe-line dredge De Witt Clinton was employed from April 10, 1930, to April 19, 1930, removing 10,277 cubic yards of material from a shoal area at a total cost of $2,680.22, all for maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $2,689.48. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The conditions prescribed by Con- gress in adopting the existing project (see under Local cooperation) have not yet been fulfilled; therefore, no work has been done, nor have any expenditures been made thereunder. When examined in May, 1930, the controlling mean low-water depth was 7 feet from the East River up to within 1,700 feet below the head of the improve- ment, and thence up to the head 6.5 feet through a channel somewhat less than project depth. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $209.863.75. With this it is proposed to prosecute work, as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 183 Dredge, under a contract to be entered into, material other than rock, for improvement (September, 1930-June, 1931)---------- $186, 800.00 General field expenses, including surveys, inspection, miscellaneous investigations, and contingencies -------------------------- 15, 063. 75 Engineering, superintendence, and administration--------------- 8, 000. 00 Total (for improvement $205,000; for maintenance $4,863.75) ---------------- ------ 209, 863. 75 It is expected that the conditions prescribed by Congress in adopt- ing the existing project will be fulfilled in time to accomplish this work during the fiscal year 1931. Additional funds will be needed to complete the project to full project dimensions. The amount that can be profitably expended in this work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, is as follows: Dredging and rock removal, for improvement ------------------ $250, 000 Engineering, superintendence, and contingencies ------------- __ 20, 000 Total--------- -------------------------------------- 270, 000 Comnmeicial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of building material, coal, and petroleum products. Comparative *statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value -------------------- 1925_ 181,883 $744, 744 1928....-------------------- 577,919 $3, 283,407 1926_-------------------- 263, 797 1, 301, 015 ------------------ 1929--..... 432, 261 3, 566, 571 1927.. 356, 617 ..-------------------- 1, 928, 469 The decrease in tonnage figure for 1929 is due to a decreased tonnage of building material and the increased value figures are due to an increased tonnage of coal and petroleum products. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Building material----.....................-------------------------------------------------- .......... 71.8 6-12 Coal ...------------ -------------- ------------------------------------- 15. 3 8-12 Petroleum products--...........---------------------- ---------------------------- 11.5 8-14 Cost and fnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------ $77, 181, 64 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------- 64,327. 61 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-----------141, 509. 25 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------------- 43. 00 Net total expenditures ------------- -------------- 141, 466. 25 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ------------------------- 209,863.75 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------------ 351, 330. 00 184 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. 1ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work----------------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance- -------------------- $58.22 $38. 24 $192. 42 $72.81 $2, 680.22 Total expended__. _______--------.... ... 58. 22 38. 24 192. 42 20.55 2,689.48 Allotted_ .. ----------- -------- .. -----------------------. 200. 00 ------------ 212, 350. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------ ------- $203.23 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ____--------------$205, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929_----------------------- 7, 350. 00 212, 350. 00 Net amount to be accounted for_--___--------- 212, 553. 23 Gross amount expended_ ---- ___--__ -------------------- 2, 689. 48 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ________-------- _209, 863. 75 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930__--- -- ______-------43.00 Balance available June 30, 1930____ __------------ 209, 820. 75 Amount (estimated) required to be- -appropriated of existing project 1__.. ________ - - - -completion - - - - - - - - - - - -for - - -- 270, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1 - - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - - -- 30, 1932, for new work 270, 000. 00 7. BRONX RIVER, N. Y. Location and description.-This stream, about 15 miles long, flows in a general direction slightly west of south and empties into a shal- low bay, 1 mile long and 300 to 4,500 feet wide in the north shore of East River, 11 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City. The navigable portion, which is tidal, varies in high-water width from 60 to 300 feet and extends 21/4 miles from the head of the bay to a dam at East One hundred and seventy-seventh Street, Bronx Borough, New York City. It is crossed by a highway bridge at Westchester Avenue, 1/2 miles above its mouth, and by a railroad bridge 600 feet farther upstream. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 226.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and tortuous, wind- ing through a mud flat and obstructed by rocky ledges and mud shoals. The available mean low-water depth was 3.3 feet to West- chester Avenue, thence decreasing gradually until from East One hundred and seventy-sixth Street to the dam at the head of naviga- tion the bottom was bare at low water. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896. The cost and expenditures under this project, prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1913, were $95,957.05-$69,035.72 for new work and $26,- 921.33 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1762. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and a minimum bottom width of 100 feet, with widening 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 185 at the berids, to extend from deep water in East River to the head of navigation at the dam at East One hundred and seventy-seventh Street, involving the first dredging from East River to Randall Avenue to a width of 200 feet; thence to Spofford Avenue, 150 feet; thence to Watson Avenue, 125 feet; thence to the railroad bridge near Westchester Avenue, 100 feet, except in the southern approach to the bridge, where it is to be 140 feet; and above the bridge 100 feet, with increase at bends where permissible, including a turning basin at the head of the improvement. It also provides for main- taining the channel excavated under the project adopted June 3, 1896, until the channel provided for under the existing project is open to traffic. to the railroad bridge. The length of the section included in the project is about 31/4 miles. Mean tidal range, 6.7 feet in the estuary; mean range of spring tides, 8 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 4 feet below mean low water up to 3.5 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1928 is $2,700,000, exclusive of the amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) ap- proved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $7,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor.act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 897, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see annual report for 1912, page 1470. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The existing project was adopted subject to the condition that any right of way necessary for the execution of the project should be furnished free of cost to the United States. Title to all lands needed for right of way has been vested in the United States by deeds from the city of New York. The local authorities have expended $8,000 in the construction and maintenance of a public wharf, and local interests have expended $26,200 in removing from the vicinity of their wharves material from the channels included in the previous project for improvement by the United States. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 15 in number, with avail- able dockage of 3,480 feet, are located-i near the mouth of the river, 13 scattered along the west shore, and 1 on the east shore of the river between a point about 3,000 feet below the highway bridge at Westchester Avenue and the head of navigation; 1 has railroad connection. One of the terminals, with available dockage of 75 feet, is publicly owned; 7, with available dockage of 1,865 feet, are privately owned; and 7, with available dockage of 1,540 feet, are owned by corporations. Other details are as follows: 1 with available dockage of 75 feet consists of open-pile construction with earth slope in rear. 4 with available dockage of 790 feet consist of solid fill behind timber bulkheads. 3 with available dockage of 795 feet consist of solid fill behind concrete bulkheads. 1 with available dockage of 400 feet consists of open-pile construction with solid fill behind timber bulkheads. 4 with available dockage of 875 feet consist of solid fill behind dry rub- blestone bulkhead in rear. 1 with available dockage of 225 feet consists of open-pile construction with solid fill behind concrete bulkhead in rear. 1 with available dockage of 320 feet consists of open-pile construction with solid fill behind dry rubblestone bulkhead in rear. 1$86 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARIMIY, 1930% The terminal facilities are deemed inadequate; it is prbbable the additional facilities needed will be provided when the improvement contemplated under the existing project has progressed sufficiently to warrant a reasonable return upon the capital invested. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Bronx River lies within the limits of the port dis- trict as recommended by the Port of New, York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 223 of this report.) Effet of improvememt.--A reduction in the cost of transportation and an increase in the amount of water-borne commerce have re- sulted from the work accomplished under the project adopted June 3, 1896. As the result of work done under the existing project ves- sels with cargoes consigned to terminals below the Westchester Ave- nue Bridge are loaded to full capacity. Operations and results during flscca year.-None. The cost of an examination of the channel was $88.84 for maintenance. The ex- penditures amounted to $142.21. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 29 per cent of the project has been completed. The channel provided for under the existing project has been completed from deep water in East River up to Westchester Avenue highway bridge; above this no work has been done under the existing project pending the replacement of existing bridge by a bridge suited to the conditions to be met when the enlarged channel north of the bridge has been excavated. When last examined in May, 1930, the controlling mean low-water depth from deep water in East River up to Lowell Street was 8 feet; thence to Westchester Avenue Bridge, 7.4 feet. The channel exca- vated under the previous project was 50 to 30 feet wide and 4 feet deep from its junction with the enlarged channel about 700 feet below Westchester Avenue up to about 500 feet above the railroad bridge at Westchester Avenue; thence to about 500 feet below the dye works near the head of the projected improvement the depth gradually reduces to zero. Above this to the head the bottom is exposed at mean low water and rises to an extreme height of about 4.5 feet above mean low water just below the dam. To complete the project the channel above the Westchester Avenue highway bridge must be excavated to project dimensions by dredging and rock removal. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $894,705.67-$797,803.65 for new work and $96,902.02 for mainte- nance; the total expenditures amounted to $894,691.67. Proposed operations.--The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $325.14. With this it is proposed to pay outstanding liabilities of $14 and the cost of examining the dredged channel to ascertain its condition, and of miscellaneous investigations and office expenses pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. The bridge channel at the Westchester Avenue Bridge has not sufficient depth, nor is it conveniently located with reference to the proposed new channel of increased depth and width. Therefore, a channel of the existing project dimensions above the bridge, if excavated, would not benefit navigation. It is understood that the city authorities are preparing plans for a new bridge to replace the existing structure. No work of excavation in the bridge channel can RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 187 be done prior to the time of erecting the new bridge. It is proposed, therefore, to await the construction of the new bridge before pro- ceeding with the work of channel excavation above it. It is not anticipated that sufficient progress will be made by the city of New York in completing its plans or prosecuting work thereunder by June 30, 1931, to warrant the allotment of funds for channel excava- tion by the United States above the bridge during the fiscal year 1932. The improved channel below the bridge appears to meet all navigation requirements. Therefore, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of building material and coal. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925. --------------------- 452, 377 $2, 169, 899 1928........-------------------- 720, 398 $2,982, 001 1926---------------------513, 815 2, 627, 267 1929-_.-------------------- 684, 037 3, 649,960 1927-------------------- 615, 172 2,977, 552 The decrease in tonnage for 1929 is due to the decreased tonnage of sand and gravel; the increase in value is due to an increased tonnage of limestone and coal. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Building material-------------- ----------------------------------------- 65.4 6-14 Coal ----------------------------------------------------------------- 33.2 8-12 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------- $866, 839. 37 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------- 123, 823. 35 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 990, 662. 72 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------------- 4.00 Net total expenditures-------------------- ------- 990, 648. 72 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ .-.. --------- 325. 14 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--- --------- 990, 973. 86 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------....... ..------------.-- $149, 075.04 . --...-.....-..... ... ...-.-- --. ..-.-- Cost of maintenance.... ......--------------- 6. 21 $90.37 $219. 11 $89.08 $88.84 Total cost--.........------------------ 149, 081. 25 90.37 219. 11 89. 08 88. 84 Total epended..... ....--------------- 149, 081. 25 90.37 235. 15 21. 71 142. 21 ___ ____ ___ ____ ..... Allotted ......................-------- -------- ___ 44,000.00 ___ _ .L.___.... -1,526.14 -------....- _ -___ _ - ___ - .... __I 188 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------ $467. 35 Gross amount expended--------------------------------------- 142.21 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 325. 14 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------- -------------------- 14.00 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------------- 311. 14 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 ----------- ---- 1, 900, 000. 00 8. HARBOR AT FLUSHING BAY, N. Y. Location and description.-This is an indentation of the north shore of Long Island, within the limits of New York City, 12 miles by water northeast of the Battery. The bay, which is entered from East River, is 2 miles in length, and varies in width from 300 feet to 1.4 miles. Flushing Creek is a tidal stream, about 3 miles long, which flows in a northerly direction and empties into the head of Flushing Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 226.) Original condition.-A channel 9 feet deep at mean low water and 100 to 600 feet wide extended for a distance of 0.4 of a mile from deep water in East River. From the head of this channel south- ward to within 750 feet of the mouth of Flushing Creek a more or less uniform depth of 4.5 feet at mean low water existed throughout the bay; the depths in Flushing Creek varied from 0 to 5 feet and the widths varied from 40 to 300 feet.' The head of navigation was and is about 3 miles south of the mouth of the creek. Previous projects.-The original project, adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879, was modified in 1888 (A. R. 1888 p. 581); in 1891 (A. R. 1891 p. 824) ; and in 1906 (A. R. 1906 p. 125). The cost of this project was $178,900-$148,652.54 for new work and $30,247.46 for maintenance. The total expenditures amounted to $178,900. A second project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913. No work has yet been done under the existing proj- ect. The channel dimensions provided for under the project of March 4, 1913, are being maintained to such extent as is necessary for the commerce now using this waterway. The cost of this project up to June 30, 1930, was $162,179.46-$90,220.37 for new work-and $71,959.09 for maintenance; the total expenditures amounted to $162,179.46. The total cost of all previous projects up to June 30, 1930, was $341,079.46-$238,872.91 for new work and $102,206.55 for maintenance, and the total expenditures amounted to $341,079.46. For further details of previous projects see page 1772 of Annual Report for 1915, and page 161 of Annual Report for 1924. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide from the 12-foot contour in East River to the Broadway Bridge; thence 12 feet deep to the Main Street Bridge, narrowing uniformly in width from 200 feet at the Broadway Bridge to 160 feet at Main Street Bridge and for the 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 189 construction of about 1,300 linear feet of new dike and repairs to 4,365 linear feet of old dike including the reconstruction of 1,600 linear feet. Pending compliance by local interests with the condi- tions imposed by Congress in adopting the project (see under Local cooperation), available funds are being applied to maintenance of the superseded project for a 10-foot depth up to Broadway Bridge, and thence to Main Street Bridge a 7-foot depth. The length of the section included in the project is about 15,000 feet-about 5,000 feet in the creek and about 10,000 feet in the bay. Mean tidal range, 6.8 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 4 feet below mean low water up to 3.5 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $365,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1923) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925 (H. Doc. No. 124, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1914, page 1746. Recommended modiflcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The project as adopted by the act of March 4, 1913, provides for the cession free of cost to the United States of such lands as are required for a new channel, as provided in re- port printed in House Document No. 1333, Sixty-first Congress, third session, pages 14 and 17. The lands have been ceded to the United States and the deeds were approved by the Attorney General November 10, 1923. During the fiscal year 1916 the Degnon Realty & Terminal Im- provement Co., working on a private enterprise under a permit issued by this department, dredged the Government channel for a dis- tance of 600 linear feet, with a depth of 30 feet at mean low water, the dredged material being pumped on near-by marshes on the shore; about 500 feet in length of the project channel but less than project width was included in this dredging. The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, in adopting the en- larged project, requires that local interests will dredge and maintain at their own expense, under plans to be approved by the Secretary of War, a channel 160 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water from Main Street Bridge to Meteor Street. No steps have yet been taken to meet this condition. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 18 in number, with avail- able dockage of about 5,400 feet, are located--16 along the east shore and 2 on the west shore of the creek-between Main Street Bridge and College Point; 2 of these, with 650 feet of available dockage, have rail connection; 6, with available dockage of 2,119 feet privately owned; 3, with available dockage of 1,000 feet, corporately owned, are subject to public use under lease; and 1 with available dockage of 400 feet is a New York State barge canal terminal. Ten of the terminals, totaling 2,819 feet of available dockage, have mechanical appliances for handling cargoes. All are of pile construction in good condition except 3, with 950 feet of available dockage, classed as in poor condition. Seven with available dockage of 1,625 feet 10 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.. S. ARMY, 19 30 are corporately owned; all others are privately owned. The high- way connections range from unpaved driveways up to paved high- ways in good condition. The terminals appear to be adequate or existing commerce. (For a .full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Flushing Bay lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority, December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 223 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-As a result of the improvement a large portion of the traffic which was formerly limited to navigation at high-water periods has been enabled to make use of the channel below Main Street Bridge at any stage of tide, and vessels of deeper draft are now able to utilize the channels. Traffic through the draws of Main Street Bridge is limited in time to high-water periods. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-United States pipe-line dredge De Witt Clinton was employed in the section of the channel below the Broadway Bridge from November 11 to December 9, 1929. There were removed and disposed of 45,650 cubic yards of material at a cost of $15,477.02, for maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $16,202.82. Conditionat end of fiscal year.-The conditions prescribed by Con- gress in adopting the existing project (see under Local coopera- tion) have not yet been fulfilled; therefore, no work has been done thereunder. When dredging was completed in December, 1929, the controlling mean low-water depth was 10 feet through a channel 200 feet wide up to Broadway Bridge. Above Broadway Bridge to Main Street Bridge the depth was 7 feet through a channel some- what less than project width. No expenditures have been made under the existing project. Proposed operations.--The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $3,809.21. With this it is proposed to prosecute such minor work of maintenance as may be urgently necessary. It is not believed that additional dredging for maintenance will be necessary during the next two years. Therefore, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. No funds can be expended for new work due to the fact that con- ditions of local cooperation have not been complied with. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of ashes and cinders, building materials, cellar dirt, and coal. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925........ , 126, 795 $2, 668, 517 _19281..____ . 1, 830, 274 $3, 637, 293 1, 050 1926-........ 1, 299, 870 4, 066, 245--.--- - 1929------........ 2, 011, 668 4, 009, 292 50 1927-...-. 1, 785, 525 4, 337, 777 The increased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to an increased tonnage of cinders, cellar dirt, building material, and coal. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the draft given in the following table: RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 191 Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Ashes and cinders............... ------------------------------------------------------- 39. 8 8-10 Building material ------------------------------------------------------- 35.4 6-12 Cellar dirt.... ------------------------------------------------------------- 19. 7 8-10 Coal- --------------------------------------------------------------- 4.5 6-8 Cost and fmnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------- -------- --- $238, 872. 91 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------ ----- ----------- 102, 206. 55 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 341, 079. 46 Net total expenditures--_--_-------- --------------------- 341, 079. 46 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ---------------------------- 3, 809. 21 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 344, 888. 67 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work......----------------- ------- Cost of maintenance---------------------- $390.44 $21,953. 21 $21, 602. 22 $730.80 $15, 477.02 Total expended------------------------- 390. 44 21, 953. 21 21, 602. 22 5. 00 16, 202.82 Allotted----------------- --------- ..... -------.... 15, 000.00 20,000.00 -----.......... Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $20, 012. 03 Gross amount expended_------------------------------------ 16, 202. 82 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 3, 809. 21 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 ------------------------------------------- 365, 000. 00 9. MANHASSET BAY, N. Y. Location and description.-This is an indentation in the north shore of Long Island between the headlands of Great Neck on the west and Manhasset Neck on the east and is about 20 miles distant from the Battery, New York City. The bay is about 4 miles long and about 1 mile in average width. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 223.) Original condition.-The entrance channel varies in depth from 12 to 15 feet at mean low water. Inside the bar at the entrance and opposite Plum Point there is a deep area with depths of from about 19 to 38 feet. The depth thence gradually decreases and at the head of the bay it is about 3 feet through a narrow channel. Previous projects.-None. SExisting project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep and 100 feet wide from deep water in the bay to Crampton Bros'. Wharf at Great Neck, with a turning basin at that point. Mean tidal 1 Exclusive of available funds. 11714--ENG 1930-----13 192 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 range, 7.2 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8 feet; irregular fluc- tuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from about 4 feet below mean low water up to about 4.5 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1928, is $113,000 (of which $50,000 is to be contributed by local interests), with $6,500 annually for maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 452, 70th Cong., 2d sess.). Thq latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, pro- vides that local interests shall contribute $50,000 to the first cost and furnish, without cost to the United States, suitable spoil-dis- posal areas, properly diked or bulkheaded where necessary. These conditions have not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, four in number, with avail- able dockage of 795 feet, are located near the bead of the bay. None has railroad connections. All are privately owned. Three are well equipped and have ample space for storage. Three are of pile and timber bulkhead construction and one is of open-pile construction. There is ample water front for extensions as needs arise. Effect of improvement.-No work has yet been done under the existing project. Operations and results during fiscal yar.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The conditions prescribed by Congress in adopting the existing project (see local cooperation) have not yet been fulfilled. No work has been done nor have any expenditures been made under the existing project. The controlling depth in the natural channel, when surveyed in November, 1927, varied from 12 feet at the entrance to 3 feet at mean low water at the head of the improvement. Proposed operations.--It is not expected that the conditions pre- scribed by Congress in adopting the existing project will be ful- filled in time to commence work during the fiscal year 1932. There- fore, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-No commercial statistics have been col- lected for the calendar year 1929. Cost and financal summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of ------ existing project 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. ,__------------------ $63, 000 10. HEMPSTEAD HARBOR, N. Y. 'Location and description.-This is an indentation of the north shore of Long Island, 25 miles by water northeast of the Battery, New York City, and 13 miles southwest of Stamford Harbor, Conn. The harbor is divided by a narrow neck of sand, Bar Beach, into 1 In addition $50,000 is to be contributed by local interests. RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 193 an outer harbor 3 miles long, and varying in width from 2 miles at the outer end to half a mile at the inner end; the waterway leading into the inner harbor at Bar Beach is about 500 feet wide. The inner harbor, about 2 miles long, extending southward about 8,500 feet, is 2,000 to 2,500 feet wide; thence to the head of navigation it gradually reduces in width to 300 feet and less. The section under improvement by the United States lies entirely within the inner harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Chart No. 223.) Original condition.-A channel 90 to 350 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water extended from the outer harbor about a mile up the inner harbor to a point opposite Ward's wharf. Thence the depth gradually diminished to zero at the Roslyn Town Wharf, a distance of 0.6 mile; thence to the head of navigation at the dam at Hicks mill, in the village of Roslyn, the bottom was exposed at low water. At high water boats of shallow draft carried lumber and coal to within a short distance of the Hicks milldam. Previous projects.-None. Exaisting project.-This provides for dredging a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from the entrance to a point opposite Ward's wharf, a distance of about 5,600 feet; thence 80 feet wide to the Roslyn Town Wharf, a distance of about 3,200 feet; and thence 50 to 70 feet wide to the head of navigation, a dis- tance of about 1,700 feet. Total length of channel included in the project is 2 miles. Mean tidal range, 7.1 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8.4 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 4 feet below mean low water up to 4.5 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, was $47,000. The latest (1910) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 1, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). There is no published map. Recommended modifcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Theriver and harbor acts of June 25, 1910, and February 27, 1911, required that a suitable dumping ground for the material dredged be furnished by local interests free of cost. The required disposal areas were furnished. The town of North Hempstead reconstructed the Roslyn Town Wharf and erected an additional public wharf at the head of navigation at a cost of $2,970.48, and expended $9,100 in the construction of sod-retaining bulkheads for the excavated materials, making a total of $12,070.48. The funds were derived from local taxation. The village of Roslyn converted a part of the disposal area into a public park. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 9 in number, with avail- able dockage of 2,700 feet, are located-8 along the east shore of the harbor from Glen Cove to Roslyn and 1 on the west shore; none has railroad connection. Five, with available dockage of 900 feet, are open to the public, and 3, with available dockage of 1,400 feet, have mechanical appliances for handling cargo. Two are owned by the town, 6 are privately owned, and 1 is corporately owned. Six have macadam highway connection; the renining 3 have connec- tions in fair to good condition, but not paved. All are either of 194 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 open pile or of timber and pile bulkhead construction. The facili- ties are adequate for existing commerce, whick is local, and there is ample water front, both public and private, for extensions as needs arise. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of inmprovement.-No reduction in freight rates as a result of the improvement has been reported, but local interests state that facilities for receiving coal, building and road materials, etc., have been greatly improved. Operations ana results during fiscal year.--None. The cost of surveys and contingencies was $22, all for maintenance. The total expenditures amounted to $22. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1913 at a saving of $7,532 under the estimated cost. The controlling mean low-water depth, as shown by survey made in June, 1928, was 6 feet up to within about 500 feet below the head of the improve- ment; thence to the head, 5 feet. The total cost of the existing proj- ect up to June 30, 1930, was $89,200.41-$39,468.11 for new work and $49,732.30 for maintenance; the total expenditures amounted to $89,200.41. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $243.49. With this it is proposed to pay the cost of miscella- neous investigations, office expenses, and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. It is not believed that dredging for maintenance will be necessary during the next two years. Therefore no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for 1929 consisted mainly of sand and gravel shipped to New York from screening and washing plants on the west side of the harbor. Other commodities which were shipped are typical of preceding years and all have been bene- fited by the improvement, but the main tonnage, sand and gravel, does not have to pass through the inner part of the dredged channel, which has cost more than the outer part. Comparative statement Calendar Shorttons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925 ......- 5, 366, 596 $6,902,982 . 1. --. 1- 1928 7, 359, 491 $12, 371,218 ... 1926 1....... 6, 969, 336 10, 366,148 ----...--.. 1929 1 6, 378, 535 9, 517, 620 2, 319 8, 188, 322 1927 1....... 13, 230, 139 1 Exclusive of the following traffic. CARGOES IN TRANSIT Calendar year Short tons Value 1926 --------------------------------------------------------------- 19,787 $203,212 1927-- .....................--.-.--.. 44, 736 72, 065 1928 -------------------------------------------------------------- 45, 832 106, 854 1929......------------------------------------------------------- 19,160 49,171 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 195 The decreased tonnage and value for 1929 are due to a decrease in the tonnage of sand and gravel. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Building material------- --------------------------------------------- 99.0 8-12 Cost and financial summary --- __--._- Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ -- -________- $39, 468. 11 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ---- -____-- ________--- 49, 732. 30 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 _______----- - 89, 200. 41 Net total expenditures _______-----------------__________- 89, 200. 41 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ---------------______ 243. 49 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----- ______- 89, 443. 90 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 C os t of n ew work ..- -- - -- Cost of maintenance---------------------- $42.00 $2, 947.20 $31,993.03 $2, 636.30 $22.00 Total expended...........-------------------------- 42. 00 2, 947. 20 30, 105. 83 4, 539. 38 22. 00 Allotted.............----------------------------- 12, 000. 00 11, 000. 00 14, 868. 90 . - - Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------------- $265.49 Gross amount expended__________ ------------------- 22.00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------ 243.49 11. GLENCOVE CREEK, N. Y. Location and descrip'tion.-This is a narrow tidal inlet extending eastwardly for about 1 mile from the east side of Hempstead Harbor on the north shore of Long Island, 26 miles northeast of the Battery, New York City, and 14 miles southwest of Stamford Harbor, Conn., to the head of navigation at the city of Glen Cove. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 223.) Original condition.-The channel is narrow, varying from 15 to 60 feet in width, winding through a flat salt marsh. Under existing conditions the creek is navigable up to the city of Glen Cove for vessels of shoal draft only at high tide; at low tide it has no navi- gable depth whatever. Previous projects.--None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 8 feet deep at mean low water from deep water in Hempstead Har- bor. to the head of navigation at the city of Glen Cove, a total length of about 5,000 feet, to be protected by a sand fence along its north 196 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 side where it crosses the beach. Mean tidal range, 7.1 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8.4 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 4 feet below mean low water up to 4.5 feet -above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work (of. which one-half is to be borne by local interests, see Local cooperation), made in 1923, is $53,500, with $6,000 the first year and $4,000 annually thereafter for maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925. (H. Doc. No. 207, 68th Cong., 1st sess.) The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, provides that local interests shall pay one-half the first cost of the work, provide without cost to the United States all rights of way, spoil-disposal areas, and bulkheads, and gives assurances, satisfac- tory to the Secretary of War, that adequate terminals will be built. None of these provisions have yet been carried into effect. Terminal facilities.-The only terminal at present available con- sists of a timber bulkhead, extending for about 800 feet along the northerly side of the creek, near the head of navigation, and is pro- vided with a stationary derrick capable of transferring coal and heavy material from boat to truck. The land approaches are all in good condition; there is no railroad connection. The terminal facilities are insufficient for any considerable increase of commerce; the municipality and local interests recognize this and promise to improve them to correspond with an improved channel in the creek. Effect of improvement.-No work has yet been done under the existing project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The conditions prescribed by Congress in adopting the existing project (see under Local cooper- ation) have not yet been fulfilled; therefore, no work has been done nor have any expenditures been made under the existing project. The controlling depth in the natural channel, when surveyed in 1923, was about 0.1 foot at mean low water and 7.2 feet at mean high water. Proposed operations.--The conditions imposed by Congress in adopting this project not having been fulfilled, no funds for carry- ing on the work of improvement have been provided. It is not expected that the conditions will be fully complied with in the next two years. Therefore, no funds can be profitably ex- pended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of building material, cinders, and petroleum products. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925-.--.. --- ..----.. 16, 691 $21, 067 1928 ---............... - 45, 842 $106, 854 1926.--....--.- --- - - 19, 787 203, 212 1929 ..................... 19, 160 49, 171 1927--.---.---- -- - 44,736 72,065 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 197 The decreased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to a decreased tonnage of crushed stone. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft.of vessels Feet Building material ------------------------------------------------ 81. 7 8-14 Cinders...... ------------------------------------------------------ 9. 4 8-12 Petroleum products- --------------------------------------------- 8. 5 8-14 Cost and fin anoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 - --------------------------- ------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__ ------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930___........... . ------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1_ ___-___----- $26, 750 12. HUNTINGTON HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.- This is an indentation of the north shore of Long Island, 40 miles northeast of the Battery, New York City, and 8 miles southeast of Stamford Harbor, Conn. Hunting- ton Harbor is a landlocked arm of Huntington Bay, about 2 miles long, with widths varying from 300 to 2,000 feet. The section under improvement extends from Sandy Point East Neek to the Old Town Dock in Huntington Harbor at Halesite, N. Y., a distance of about 2,400 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 224.) Original condition.-The harbor varied in width from 300 to 1,500 feet and in depth from 0 to 19 feet at mean low water. A channel having a least depth of 8 feet, and varying in width from 150 to 1,300 feet, existed from Huntington Bay southward for a distance of about 1.5 miles. South of this point no channel existed, and depths decreased rapidly to Halesite, a distance of about 0.4 mile. Much of the bottom was exposed at low water. The head of navi- gation, marked by a dam and causeway, situated about 1,000 feet above Halesite, could be reached only by rowboats at high tide. A bar 3 feet below mean low water obstructed the entrance. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872. It was completed in 1873. The cost and expenditures were $22,500. The records do not permit separating maintenance expenditures from the total. For further details of previous projects see page 1772 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from the 8-foot contour in Huntington Bay about 1,100 feet north of Sandy Point on East Neck to the Old Town Dock, with a turning basin 200 feet wide and with a protecting dike on the west side if necessary. The length of the section included in the project is about 9,100 feet. Mean tidal 1Local interests are to contribute an equal amoult. 198 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 range, 6.7 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8 feet; irregular fluctua- tions due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 4 feet below mean low water up to 3.5 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1885, was $32,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19 1890. (H. Ex. Doc. No. 200, 48th Cong., 2d sess.) For latest published map see House Document No. 827, Sixty-first Congress, second session. Recommended modifcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Dumping grounds for materials dredged during the fiscal year 1916 were furnished by private persons and local interests, free of cost to the United States. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, six in number, with avail- able dockage of 1,172 feet, are located two at the head of navigation and four scattered along the east shore of the harbor within the limits of the improved channel. None has railroad connection. Three with available dockage of 640 feet are privately owned, two with available dockage of 457 feet are corporately owned, and one with available dockage of 75 feet is owned by a yacht club. One with available dockage of 150 feet is open to the public, and two with available dockage of 650 feet can be used by permission of the owner. Three with available dockage of 957 feet have mechanical appliances for handling cargoes. Other details are as follows: 1 with available dockage of 75 feet consists of a stone bulkhead. 2 with available dockage of 215 feet consist of open pile construction with concrete bulkhead in rear. 1 with available dockage of 307 feet is an open pile wharf. 1 with available dockage of 500 feet consists of a concrete bulkhead with fender piles. 1 with available dockage of 75 feet consists of a pile bulkhead with solid fill in rear. Approaches to terminals are by country roads, generally well kept and in good condition. The town of Huntington owns the greater part of the water front, and several of the private terminals are built on lands leased from the town. These terminals are sufficient for the commerce of the harbor. (For a full description of terminal facili- ties see H. Doc. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has opened possibilities for commerce that could not have existed otherwise. Operations and results during fZscal year.-None. The expendi- tures amounted to $32.08 for contingencies and charged to mainte- nance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1904 at a saving of $2,511 under the estimated cost. A channel 200 feet wide was dredged in lieu of the projected channel 100 feet wide to be protected by a pile dike. The dike was never built, the purpose for which it was intended having been covered by dredging to a greater width. The turning basin at the old town dike was made 230 feet wide. The controlling mean low-water RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 199 depth as shown by an examination made in June, 1929, was 8 feet in the entrance at Sandy Point; thence up to within 200 feet below the head of the improvement, the channel is of project depth and width, except in the turning basin where the width is 130 feet; above this the depth becomes gradually less and at the head it is but 2 feet and less. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $64,901.27-$29,489.06 for new work and $35,412.21 for maintenance; the total expenditures amounted to $64,901.27. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $214.92. With this it is proposed to pay the cost of examining the dredged channel to ascertain its condition, and of miscellaneous investigations and office expenses pertaining to the maintenace of the improvement. It is not believed that dredging for maintenance will be neces- sary during the next two years. Therefore, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for 1929 consisted mainly of building material. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925---------------------- 30,581 $181,474 1928---------------------- 57,257 $115,253 1926 ---------------------- 46,294 229, 471 1929------------------- 101,605 273, 584 1927.......---------------------- 58,003 157,279 The increased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to an increase in the tonnage of building material, petroleum products, and coal. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Building material-.------ ------------------------------------------------------ 95.4 8-12 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------------- $51, 989. 06 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------135, 412.21 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 19308------------187, 401. 27 Net total expenditures-- ----------------------- ------------ 87, 401.27 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------------ 214. 92 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------- 87, 616. 19 200 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work- ---..............................- . .......... Cost of maintenance---------------------$20.00 $103.01 $35.61 1 $132.11 Total expended--....---.------------------ 20. 00 103. 01 94. 58 100. 03 $32. 08 Allotted... ..-------------------------------------------------- 200.00-...--....... 1Correction by reduction of 5 cents erroneously carried in previous year. Balance unexpended July 1, 1929- -----------------_--- $247.00 Gross amount expended------------------------------------ 32. 08 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------- ----------------- --- 214. 92 13. PORT JEFFERSON HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-This is an indentation of the north shore of Long Island, about 56 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City, and 13.5 miles southeast of Bridgeport Harbor, Conn. It is about 1.75 miles long and averages 0.75 mile wide. The entrance is protected by jetties, one on either side of the channel, which latter is about 0.5 mile long and 200 feet wide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 361. 4 ) Original condition.--In its original condition the depth at mean low water over the outer bar was 4 to 5 feet. From the outer bar to the harbor proper, depths of 6 feet or more existed at mean low water, with widths of 125 to 300 feet. In the harbor proper, depths of 12 feet or more were found as far south as the village of Port Jefferson, about 2 miles from the entrance. The head of navigation was and is at the village. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and was modified in 1875 (A. R. 1875, p. 265) and 1877 (A. R. 1877, p. 221). The cost and expendi- tures on this modified project prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1891 were $80,200. Funds spent for improvement can not be accurately separated from those for main- tenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1771 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel through the entrance 300 feet wide and 16 feet deep at mean low water, for repairing and enlarging two riprap jetties built under the previous project, and for extending the east jetty a distance of 450 feet. The length of channel included in the project is about 2,600 feet, the length of the west jetty is 940 feet, and the projected length of the east jetty about 2,350 feet. Mean tidal range, 6.2 feet inside of entrance channel; mean range of spring tides, 7.4 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 4 feet below mean low water up to 4 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $301,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, of which $57,000 is to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 201 The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for a channel 10 feet deep and 200 feet wide; the act of August 18, 1894, provided for a channel 12 feet in depth at mean low water in Port Jefferson Inlet and Harbor (A. R. 1889, p. 751); and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for a channel 16 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide, and for extension of the east jetty (H. Doc. No. 305, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, pro- vides that local interests shall dredge the channel to full project dimensions under plans to be approved by the Chief of Engineers and the Secretary of War, or shall contribute $57,000 to the cost of the work. Terminal facilities.-- ater terminals, three in number, with avail- able dockage of 1,625 feet, are located at and near the head of naviga- tion. One, in fair condition, with available dockage of 250 feet, is privately owned, and two, in good condition, with available dockage of 1,375 feet, are corporately owned. Two, with available dockage of 875 feet, are open to the public, and one, with available dockage of 250 feet, has mechanical appliances for handling cargoes. None has rail connection. All are of open pile construction. The termin- als appear to be adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Boats which now make regular trips to and from the harbor at all stages of the tide would under former conditions have been forced to wait for high tides before entering or leaving. On the north shore of Long Island, between Huntington Harbor and Plum Gut, Port Jefferson is the only harbor having a depth of more than 7 feet at mean low water. It is used as a harbor of refuge by a few vessels, but the actual number is not a matter of record. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The cost of an examina- tion of the channel and tidal investigations was $373.06, all for main- tenance. The total expenditures amounted to $379.57. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 30 per cent com- pleted. The channel was completed to project dimensions in 1903. The east jetty has been built to about four-fifths of its project length and the west jetty to full project length but incomplete width and height. These jetties have aided materially in maintaining the width and depth of the dredged channel lying between them. No work of maintenance or improvement has been done since 1909. The controlling mean low-water depth, as shown by a survey made in June, 1930, was 12 feet and over through a channel about 200 feet wide. The work remaining to be done to complete the project con- sists in completing the jetties to project dimensions and dredging the 16-foot channel. Construction of extension to east jetty authorized by the 1930 river and harbor act is to be deferred until its need is demonstrated. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $101,330.94-$91,226.71 for new work and $10,104.23 for maintenance; the total expenditures amounted to $101,306.94. 202 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $45.21. With this it is proposed to pay outstanding liabilities amounting to $24 and the cost of office expenses pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. It is not believed that dredging for maintenance will be necessary during the next two years, and the need for the extension of the east jetty has not yet been demonstrated. Therefore, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of sand and gravel. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1, 411, 289 1925-........ $2,566,230 67, 850 1928-....... 2, 763, 890 $4,423,634 82,242 1, 266, 667 1926-........ 2, 549, 100 67, 557 2, 711, 714 1929----........ 3, 694, 375 42, 276 1927 .....- . 2, 664,944 4, 978, 033 81, 660 A large number of pleasure boats are stored in the harbor during the winter months, and many small fishing craft use the harbor the year round. The decreased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to a decreased tonnage of gasoline, and sand and gravel. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Sand and gravel- ------------------------- ---------------------------- 99. 5 8-14 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---- ------- ..-------- $171, 426. 71 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--_---_----------------__ 10, 104. 23 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_ ____-___ 181, 530. 94 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ---------------- __-__ -___ 24. 00 Net total expenditures_ ----- __ ___--------____- 181, 506. 94 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------------ 45. 21 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 - ------------ 181, 552. 15 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ........---- ----- ------- Cost of maintenance-------------.......... $17.95 $24. 54 $776.40 ------- $304. 79 - $373.06 Total expended----_---------....... -.-.. 17. 95 24. 54 776.71 273. 97 379. 57 Allotted...-----------------------'----... ... --. - 1, 000.00 500.00 .................. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 203 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------- $424. 78 Gross amount expended --------------------------------------- 379. 57 Balance unexpended June 80, 1930_____------------------ 45. 21 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-_ _------------------------ 24. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930 -------------------------- 21.21 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of 1 --- --- - - - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - -- existing project 152, 700. 00 14. MATTITUCK HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-Thisis a tidal inlet on the north shore of Long Island 85 miles east of the Battery, New York City, and 24 miles southeast of New Haven Harbor, Conn., extending southward about 21/4 miles to the village of Mattituck. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 299.) Original condition.-In its natural condition a channel with shift- ing entrance and varying in width from 80 to 240 feet and in depth Sfrom 0 to 12 feet at mean low water existed from Long Island Sound to a tide milldam with gates about 1 mile south of the mouth of the inlet. The head of navigation was and is at the village of Mattituck. Above the milldam the elevation of water surface depended on the operation of the sluice gates; when the gates were closed the con- trolling high-water depth was about 5 feet. If the dam were removed, this depth would be reduced a foot or more. Previous projects.--None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water from Long Island Sound to the milldam (removed in 1913 and replaced by a bridge with a draw span) and 7 feet deep at mean high water from the milldam to the village, with two riprap jetties at the entrance, providing a width of 100 feet there and 80 feet thence to the village, a total length of about 11,500 feet. Mean tidal range at entrance 4.4 feet; at Mattituck probably about 3.5 feet; mean range of spring tides at entrance 5.2 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 2.5 feet below mean low water up to 2.5 feet above mean high water. The latest (1911) approved estimate of cost for new work, including the cost of maintenance up to June 30, 1909, was $176,700. (See A. R. 1909, pp. 133, 134; also A. R. 1911, p. 195.) The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896. (A. R. 1891, p. 43.) The latest published map is in House Document No. 8, Seventy-first Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.--Under date of April 27, 1929, the Chief of Engineers recommended modification of the exist- ing project so as to provide for extending the west jetty about 250 feet at an estimated cost of $30,000. (H. Doc. No. 8, 71st Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, provided: That no part of this appropriation shall be expended for the improvement of the harbor at Mattituck above the milldam until the local authorities shall have replaced the existing dam and bridge by a bridge with suitable draw spans. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 2 In addition $57,000 is to be contributed by local interests. 204 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The dam and old bridge have been removed and a bridge with a draw span was installed and approved April 21 1913. Terminal facilities.-There is one small landing, with 150 feet of available dockage, open to general use, and several private trestles at which landings are made. The landing is of light construction, being built of stakes; it is removed each year about November 1 and rebuilt about April 1. The commerce is of such a light nature that much of it can be handled from small boats run up on the shore. These facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvenment.-The channel south of the draw span is not of sufficient depth to permit the carrying of freight in large quantities to the village, and freight rates have not been affected. Local interests have built about 1,300 feet in length of bulkhead on the west bank of the creek between the west jetty and the bridge at Waterville. The harbor north of the draw span is used by oyster dredges; it is also used as a harbor of refuge by a limited number of vessels. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The cost of an examination of the channel, miscellaneous investigations, and con- tingencies was $116, all for maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $79.29. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 54 per cent com- pleted. The dredging and west jetty were completed in 1914; the west jetty was 1,300 feet long, and the east jetty was 775 feet long. As shown by a survey made in June, 1930, the controlling mean low- water depth in the entrance was 3.7 feet through a channel 40 feet wide. Above this, up to the bridge at Waterville, the controlling mean low-water depth was 6 feet through a channel of varying width. In October, 1922, the controlling mean low-water depth was 21/2 feet from the bridge up to about 1,000 feet below the Mattituck landing or pier and thence to the landing, 1.5 feet. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists in extending the east jetty out to the 9-foot contour. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $178,878.01-$94,956.40 for new work and $83,921.61 for main- tenance; the total expenditures amounted to $178,798.01. Proposed operations.-The unexpected balance on June 30, 1930, was $1,451.99. With this it is proposed to pay outstanding liabilities amounting to $80 and the cost of office expenses, miscellaneous in- vestigations, and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The1 commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of sand and gravel. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value ... 1925.......- 4, 070 -....... $186, 779 1928..........-.-..--. -. - 3, 280 $28, 508 1926-..................------------------.... 3, 353 180, 296 1929.-.-.---.------. -.. 11, 743 27, 519 1927-----------..-... -- . 6, 590 17, 411 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 205 The increased tonnage figure for 1929 is due to the increased ton- nage of sand and gravel. The decreased value figure for 1929 is due to a decreased tonnage of fish and potatoes. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Sand and gravel -------------------------------------------------------- 98. 5 6-10 Cost and fiancia summnary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------ $94, 956.40 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 83, 921. 61 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 178, 878. 01 ---------- Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930---------------------------- 80. 00 Net total expenditu es------------------------------ 178, 798.01 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------- 1,451.99 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 180, 250. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work___ Cost of maintenance-_ ...- - ____- ----- _----------------- - $24, 445. 87 $512. 83 $116. 00 Total expended ___------ ....------------ --------.----------------24, 476. 42 492. 30 79. 29 Allotted._-...-.- -........---. .-..- . $26,500 ... Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------- $1, 531.28 Gross amount expended_ --------------- -------------- 79. 29 Balance unexpepded June 30, 1930----------------------1,451. 99 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---------------------------- 80. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------ 1, 371. 99 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1-------- _---__ _------ 81, 700. 00 15. GREAT SOUTH BAY, N. Y. Location and description.-This is a lagoon inside the south shore line of Long Island, N. Y., about 26 miles long and 2 to 6 miles wide. It is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a narrow sand beach. The section under improvement lies between Fire Island Inlet, about 38 miles east of the entrance to New York Harbor, and the head of navigation in Patchogue River, at Patchogue, N. Y., about 60 miles east of New York City. Patchogue River is tidal 1 Exclusive of available funds. 206 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 and extends north from Great South Bay to a point 2 miles north of Patchogue. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 578.) Original conditioi.-The section covered bythe project was a series of natural channels with depths varying from 10 to 20 feet and shoals with depths varying from 7.5 to 10 feet at mean low water, the distance from Fire Island Inlet to the mouth of Patchogue River being 16 miles. The river varied in width from 160 to 500 feet, with depths at mean low water varying from 0 to 8 feet. The head of navigation was and is at Division Street, Patchogue, about 0.75 mile above the mouth of the river. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. It was completed in 1902. The cost and expenditures were $40,000. The records do not show how much of this was for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see annual report for 1915, page 1773. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 200 feet wide and 10 feet deep at mean low water from Fire Island Inlet to the central basin in Great South Bay, and a channel 8 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the central basin in the bay to the head of navi- gation in Patchogue River. The length of section included in the project is about 17 miles. Mean tidal range in the bay, 1 foot; mean range of spring tides, 1.1 feet; extreme ranged due to wind and bar- ometric pressure, 2.5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1900, is $66,000, exclusive of amount expended under previous project. The latest (1900) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. (H. Doc. No. 103, 56th Cong., 2d sess.) For latest published map see annual report for 1916, page 2018. Recomrended mnodifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In 1893 local parties dredged a small channel near the mouth of the river east of that dredged by the United States, and when the middle ground was re- moved the width was increased to about 150 feet, leaving a small area for anchorage purposes. During the fiscal year 1913 local residents furnished free of cost to the United States, areas suitable for the disposal of dredged materials. The owner of the shore front abutting the sand pit forming part of the east jetty2 as constructed, is to do certain maintenance work on the structure in return for a revocable permit to occupy it. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, seven in number, with avail- able dockage of 4,100 feet, are scattered along the shore of Patchogue River between its mouth and the head of the projected improve- ment, one on the east bank and six on the west bank. Three in good condition, with available dockage of 700 feet, are publicly owned; three in good condition, with available dockage of 3,100 feet, are privately owned; and one in fair condition, with avail- able dockage of 300 feet, is privately owned. All are open to the public. One, with available dockage of 2,000 feet, has rail con- nection. Two, with available dockage of 2,300 feet, have mechanical appliances for handling cargoes. All bulkheads are of sheet-pile RIVERS AND HARBORS FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 207 construction with earth filling. One of the terminals is provided with a slip. These facilities are adequate'for the water-borne com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., §d sess.) Effect of improveiment.-So far as can be ascertained, freight rates have not been materially affected, but shipyards and other local industries have been made accessible to vessels and lighters of shallow draft, and Patchogue River is used to a considerable extent for winter storage of various craft. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The cost amounting to $1,085.77, all for maintenance, was in connection with dredging completed during the last fiscal year. The expenditures amounted to $2,085.38. Condition at end 'of fiscal year.-The project is 90 per cent com- pleted. The channel in Patchogue River was completed in 1904. Of projected channels through three bars in the bay only the easterly one, bar C, was dredged; it had been practically obliterated. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists in the excavation of a channel through bars A and B and a bar extending out from the jetties to the 8-foot contour in the bay; but no further work of improvement appears to be necessary at this time. A west jetty, 1,700 feet long, was completed under the previous project in 1897 and repaired in 1914. An east jetty, formed of a sand spit 1,000 feet long with a riprap extension 330 feet long, completed in 1917, was built for the purpose of maintaining the depth in the entrance channel to the river. Both jetties are in good condition. The controlling mean low-water depth after completion of dredging for maintenance in December, 1928, was 7 feet in Patchogue River. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $148,313.62-$59,820.82 for new work and $88,492.80 for mainte- nance; the total expenditures amounted to $148,293.62. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $106.38. With this it is proposed to pay outstanding liabilities amounting to $20, and the cost of office expenses pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. It is not believed that dredging for maintenance will be necessary during the next two years. Therefore, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of fresh fish and building material. All the com- merce of Patchogue River is benefited by the improvement, as it all uses the dredged channel. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925--------........ 9, 222 $359, 206 ------------ 1928---------........ 33, 064 $1, 947, 937 32, 596 1926--------- 18, 279 638, 305 ...... 1929--------........ 48, 690 6, 932, 830 90, 087 1927-........ 37, 404 1, 473, 702 15, 836 11714--ENG 1930-14 208 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The increased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to an increased tonnage in fresh fish and building materials. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Fresh fish .------------------------------------------------------------ 61.9 4-8 Building material---- --------------------- ----------------------------- 30. 5 4-8 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------------------------- $99, 820. 82 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 88, 492. 80 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------188, 313. 62 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------ 20. 00 Net total expenditures-------------------------------- 188,293. 62 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------- 106.38 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 188,400.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_. ----- ----- Cost of maintenance..--------------------- - $48. 25 $305. 27 ---- $683.82 ------------ $13, 484. 89 ----------- $1, 085. 77 Total expended-.....-------.....-------------- -- 48. 25 305. 27 640. 76 12, 516. 09 2,085.38 Allotted- --------------------------------------- 100. 00 13, 000.00 1,700. 00 600.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------------------- $1, 591. 76 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928--------------------------------------------- 600. 00 Net amount to be accounted for ------------------------- 2, 191. 76 Gross amount expended------------------------------------- 2, 085. 38 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------- 106.38 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ----------------------------- 20. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930--------------------------- 86.38 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ---------------------------------------------- 6,100.00 16. BROWNS CREEK, N. Y. Location and description.-This is a narrow, crooked tidal stream flowing south and emptying into Great South Bay, Long Island, near Sayville, N. Y., 12.5 miles northeast of Fire Island Inlet and 55 miles east of New York City. It has its source in two small lakes 1.5 miles north of Great South Bay. The length of the creek is 1.8 miles, the width varying from 75 to 200 feet. The drainage area is 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 209 12 square miles. Ordinarily only a very small quantity of fresh water finds its outlet through this stream. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 578.) Original condition.-A channel varying in width from 20 to 200 feet and in depth from 0.4 of a foot to 4 feet at mean low water existed from Great South Bay to the Sayville Highway Bridge, a distance of about 1 mile. The head of navigation was and is at the bridge. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water from the 6-foot contour in Great South Bay for a distance of 1,850 feet, and thence, with same width, 4 feet deep to the head of navigation; also for two stone jetties to protect the entrance, the east jetty to be 1,400 feet long and the west jetty 1,600 feet long. The total length of channel under improvement is about .6,500 feet. Mean tidal range, 1 foot; mean range of spring tides, 1.1 feet; extreme range due to wind and barometric pressure, 2.5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $85,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 22, 51st Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map, see House Document No. 991, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In 1912, a local com- mercial organization at Sayville, N. Y., had the dredged channel extended northward about 1,800 feet by excavating to a depth of 4 feet at mean low water and width of 100 feet, at a cost of $2,000; the amount was raised by popular subscription. Disposal areas for dredged materials have from time to time been provided without cost to the United States. Local interests have constructed 3 ter- minals, open to the public, of 400 feet, 175 feet, and 50 feet of water frontage, respectively; two of these are on the west side and one is on the east side of the creek. Private interests have excavated about 1,525 linear feet of side channels or slips, which are used for business and anchorage purposes. . Terminal facilites.-Water terminals, 7 in number, with available dockage of 1,450 feet, are scattered along the shore of the creek be- tween its mouth and the head of the improved channel, 6 on the west bank and 1 on the east bank. Three, with available dockage of 600 feet, are publicly owned; all others are privately owned. All are open to the public. None has rail connection. There are other pri- vate landings of temporary construction, and part of the tonnage is unloaded from boats direct to the shore. The facilities are adequate for the amount and kind of commerce involved. (For description of five of these terminals see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-There has been no appreciable effect on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. There were no expenditures. 210 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 36 per cent completed. The channel has been dredged to project width for a length of 3,200 feet, 1,850 feet of which length, beginning at the 6-foot contour in the bay and extending inland, was dredged to 6 feet at mean low water; the remaining 1,350 feet was dredged to a depth of 4 feet. The east jetty was built up to a height of 1 foot above mean high water, a width of 3 feet on top and a length of 448 feet, in 1893; it is now in very poor condition. The west jetty was completed to a length of 492 feet in 1892; in 1927 it was carried up to a height of 3 feet above high water and widened to about 35 feet by the deposit along its western side of sand dredged from the entrance channel. The 3,200 feet in length of dredged channel, when exam- ined in April, 1928, was of project width and depth; above this the channel, up to wharves in Sayville, is used by the vessels using this waterway, and is believed to be in fair condition. The work re- maining to be done to complete the project consists in extending the jetties and lengthening the channel of 4 feet depth northward, about 3,300 feet. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $83,319.63-$30,312 for new work and $53,007.63 for maintenance. The total expenditures amounted to $83,319.63. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $402.37. This amount will be applied to such maintenance work on the jetties as may be urgently necessary. It is not believed that dredging or jetty construction will be neces- sary during the next two years. Therefore, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statitiic.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of sea food. Comparative statement Calendar Calendhr Short tons Value Passengers year Short tons Value Passengers year 1925__' ....- 194 $6,506 _1928 ........ 1,021 $45,818 1,550 -------- 19269 (1) (1)0 1929--------........ 3,166 117, 936 2, 192 -..... 1927 394 16, 101 1There was no commerce reported for the calendar year 1926, due to shoaling in the creek. The increased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to the increased tonnage of fish. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Sea food -------------------------------------------------------------- 100 Less than 6 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 211 Cost and finanoial sunrrmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------------- $30, 312. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------- ---- 53, 007.63 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 83, 319. 63 Net total expenditures ------ ---------------------- 83, 319. 63 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------------- 402. 37 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 83, 722.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 -------....------------------------ Cost of new work.............--------- $5, 312.00 ... Cost of maintenance--------------------- $723. 53 $5, 138. 64 16, 566. 01 $151. 02 ... Total cost-------------------------........................... 723. 53 5, 138. 64 21, 878. 01 151. 02 Total expended...------------------------- 723. 53 5, 138. 64 26, 306. 44 151.02 Allotted .............................---------------------------------......... 10, 000. 00 14, 000. 00-...--.... Balance unexpended for July 1, 1929------------------------ $402.37 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------------ 402.37 Amount (estimated)- - -required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----- - - 54, 600. 00 17. EAST ROCKAWAY (DEBS) INLET, N. Y. Location and description.-East Rockaway Inlet is on the south shore of Long Island between the main body of the island and the western end of Long Beach. It is 10 miles east of Rockaway Inlet and about 27 miles by water from the Battery, New York City. It connects Long Beach Channel with the Atlantic Ocean. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1215.) Original condition.-The natural channel, 12 feet and more in depth, extends from the Atlantic Beach bridge to a point about 500 feet south of the north nun buoy. The width of this channel was 200 feet and over except at this buoy, where it narrowed to 125 feet. From the southern end of this channel to the 12-foot contour on the ocean slope of the bar, a distance of about 2,000 feet, the controlling depth was about 6 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 250 feet wide from the 12-foot contour in the Atlantic Ocean to the 12-foot contour in Long Beach Channel, pro- tected by jetties. Mean tidal range, 3.9 feet; mean range of spring tides, 4.7 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from about 31/2 feet below mean low water up to about 3 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1929 is $710,000 (of which $100,000 is to be provided by local interests). The latest (1929) approved estimate for annual cost of.maintenance is $20,000. z Exclusive of available funds. 212 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 19, 71st Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifecations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, pro- vides that local interests shall contribute $100,000 to the cost of the work; give assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers that they will provide and maintain at their own expense interior channels suitable for navigation, not less than 12 feet deep, from East Rockaway Inlet to the Hempstead-Oyster Bay line, a distance of about 15 miles, to Hewlett Harbor and to Freeport Harbor; furnish, without expense to the United States, necessary land, easements, and rights of way for construction and maintenance of the jetties, and agree to hold and save the United States free of claims for damages to public and private property resulting from the improvement. None of these provisions have been fulfilled. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminals within the area im- mediately adjacent to the improvement. The water front on the north side of Long Beach has been bulkheaded. A town wharf with available dockage of about 400 feet exists at Woodmere. There is also a town wharf at East Rockaway. It is expected that additional dockage will become available when needed. Effect of improvement.-No work has yet been done under the ex- isting project. Operations and results during fiscal year.--None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The conditions prescribed by Congress in adopting the existing project (see Local cooperation) have not been fulfilled, therefore, no work has been done nor have any expenditures been made under the existing project. The con- trolling depth in the natural channel, when surveyed in May, 1927, was about 5.3 feet at mean low water. Proposed operations.--It is not expected that the conditions pre- scribed by Congress in adopting the existing project will be fulfilled in time to commence work during the fiscal year 1932. Therefore, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-None available. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_------------------------- ----------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ----------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__--- _____-------------- Amount (estimated) -required to be appropriated for completion -- ----- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---- --- --- of existing project $610, 000. 00 18. JAMAICA BAY, N. Y. Location and description.-This is an indentation in the south shore of Long Island, the entrance being about 8 miles east of the Narrows, New York Harbor. It includes a total area of about 181/2 square miles and is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by Rockaway Beach. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 542.) 1In addition $100,000 is to be contributed by local interests. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 213 Original conditione-The dimensions of the channels in use were (depths being below mean low water): Two entrance channels, one from the sea about 8,000 feet long, 800 feet wide, and 10 to 14 feet minimum depth, subject to frequent changes, and the other from New York Harbor via Coney Island Channel, about 12,000 feet long, 200 feet wide, and 10 feet deep; interior channels of ample width and depth near the entrance, decreasing to less than 3 feet depth and 200 feet width at the heads of navigation, distant, respectively, 6 and 10 miles from the entrance. There were several minor channels in the bay used by small fishing boats at high tide. Previous projects.-There was no previous project for improving Jamaica Bay as a whole. Under a project adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, channels were excavated and dikes were built at and in the vicinity of Canarsie at a cost of $72,833.81- $69,872.36 for new work and $2,961.45 for maintenance. (See A. R. 1912, p. 240.) Under a project adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, a channel 5 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide extending from Bass Channel in Jamaica Bay to foot of Bayswater Avenue, Far Rockaway, was completed in 1893 by dredg- ing at a small cost of $9,460. (See A. R. 1895, p. 106.) The cost and expenditures under previous projects prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1912 amounted to $82,293.81- $79,332.36 for new work and $2,961.45 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1770 of annual report for 1915. Existing project.-This is a cooperative project for making a gen- eral harbor in Jamaica Bay. It provides for making and maintain- ing an entrance channel 30 feet deep at mean low water and 1,500 feet wide, with widening at bends; a main channel extending from the entrance channel up to the mouth of Cornells Creek, to be 30 feet deep at mean low water and 1,000 feet wide, with widening at bends; and for the protection of the entrance channel by one or two riprap jetties, as may be necessary. The prosecution of work to be done at the expense of the United States is to be subject to the conditions specified under Local cooperation. Length of section included in the project, 14 miles. Mean tidal range, 4.9 feet at Barren Island to 5.1 feet at Canarsie and Hammels; mean range of spring tides, 5.8 feet and 6.1 feet, respectively; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 4 feet below mean low water up to 3.5 feet above mean high water. Estimated cost to the United States for new work, made in 1919, $11,806,000. Estimated cost of annual maintenance work, made in 1919, in entrance channel, $160,000; in main channel, $100,000; total, $260,000. (H. Com. Doc. No. 4, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) The existing project as printed in House Document No. 1488, Sixtieth Congress, second session, was adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 25, 1910, and September 22, 1922. The river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, and August 8, 1917, provide for the collection and removal of drift, reported separately. (See page 274 of this report.) The latest published map is in House Document No. 1488, Sixtieth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of pro~ect.--None. Local cooperation.-In adopting the enlarged project the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, provided that any funds hereto- fore or hereafter appropriated for this improvement may be applied 214 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S: ARMY, 1930 to providing the channels specified in House Document No. 1488, Six- tieth Congress, second session, with a depth of 30 feet at mean low water whenever and to such extent as the city of New York shall construct or provide for the construction of terminals with facilities suitable to channels of that depth. It also provided that the city of New York may be reimbursed for dredging and disposing of the material dredged in the main interior channel at actual cost, which shall not exceed a rate of 10 cents per cubic yard, including any cost of inspection borne by the United States, such reimbursement to include overdepth allowance not exceeding 1 foot. To meet these conditions the city of New York had, up to October 29, 1928, appro- priated a total of $10,835,192.62, of which amount $2,500,000 is to be applied to airport construction. The airport is located in the vicinity of Barren Island. There had been expended up to October 29, 1928, $6,529,299.93, and with the funds appropriated the city has proceeded as follows: (a) Has secured title to 2,710 acres of upland and land under water located along about 7 miles of the water front of Jamaica Bay between Barren Island and the Long Island Railroad crossing on the north side of the bay at Hamilton Beach; this includes 339 acres which will afford the city an opportunity for constructing a railroad connection from the New York Connecting Railroad to and around the entire Jamaica Bay water front in accordance with a plan adopted by the city authorities June 25, 1925. (b) Has dredged a channel 18 feet deep in Mill Basin at a cost of $66,937. (o) Built a wooden bulkhead 400 feet long at the head of Mill Basin at a cost of $50,000. (d) Has expended about $583,000 constructing a reinforced concrete bulk- head in Mill Basin extending about 2,200 feet southward from Avenue U. (e) Has extended Flatbush Avenue southward to the water front of Barren Island and inaugurated a ferry service across Rockaway Inlet, connecting Flatbush Avenue with the Rockaways. (f) In cooperation with the president of the Borough of Queens constructed a boulevard across Jamaica Bay connecting Borough of Queens at Woodhaven with the Rockaways at Holland, thus shortening the previous vehicular route by about 10 miles. A cross-bay channel was excavated in connection with this work, the excavated material being used in constructing the boulevard. (g) The construction of a pier at Canarsie suited to vessels requiring a channel 30 feet deep is practically completed except for the construction of storage sheds and the installation of freight-handling facilities, which are to be of a type adapted to the requirement of the lessee. Contract price, $487,269. Rockaway Parkway, leading to the pier, is being widened to 120 feet. (h) Good progress has been made by a committee appointed by the city authorities to make a study of proposed arrangements for interchange of freight between rail and water. The main interior channel of 30 feet depth and 1,000 feet width has been dredged from Barren Island to Canarsie Pier, a length of about 20,000 feet. Repayment to the city of the cost of dredging the main interior channel up to, but not exceeding 10 cents per cubic yard, place measurement, including the cost of inspection, is made by the United States. Terminal facilities.-Besides the landings at Barren Island, Can- arsie, and other points built before the improvement was begun and little affected by it, 2,630 feet of bulkhead made by the city in Mill Creek Basin are partly used; the whole of this bulkhead will be used when the contemplated land approaches have been provided. The existing facilities are fairly adequate for the existing commerce, but are wholly inadequate for the commerce anticipated and for which RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 215 the project was adopted. (For latest full description of terminal facilities see Port Series No. 20, Corps of Engineers.) Jamaica Bay lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority, December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 223 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-The work accomplished has made the channel available for and it is now used by vessels of deeper draft, but no marked benefit to commerce can be expected until suitable terminals with satisfactory land approaches have been provided. Operations and results during fiscal year.-United States seagoing dredge Atlantic was employed from July 1 to December 20, 1929, removing 1,343,024 cubic yards, bin measurement, of material from the inner section of the entrance channel at a cost of $127,292.30 for new work. The cost of surveys, contingencies, and office expenses amounted to $10,786.36 for new work. The total cost of all work was $138,078.66, all for new work. The expenditures amounted to $358,677.14. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 19 per cent completed. An emergency channel approximately 200 feet in width was dredged to a depth of 18 feet at mean low water in 1917; it extended from the 18-foot contour in Jamaica Bay, about 2,500 feet south of the eastern end of Plumb Beach, to the 18-foot contour in the lower bay, about 4,500 feet south of Manhattan Beach, a stretch of about 10,000 feet; when last examined in 1922 the con- trolling mean low-water depth was about 10 feet over a bar in its eastern entrance. An experimental cut 2,000 feet long and 600 feet wide was dredged in 1923 to a depth of 28 feet at mean low water, except adjacent to side slopes, where the depth was 23 feet. When examined in 1927 it was found that the controlling depth was 5 feet in the experimental cut. The entrance channel, when examined in 1928, had a controlling depth of about 24 feet and width of about 600 feet. About 14,000 feet in length of ocean beach extending eastward from the western extremity of Rockaway Point has been protected against scouring action of the sea by substantially constructed bulk- heads and groins. While this protection has apparently resulted in halting the westerly movement of the uplands, its effect on the westerly movement of the deep-water channel is not noticeable. The main interior channel has been dredged to a depth of 30 feet at mean low water and width of 1,000 feet from Barren Island up to Canarsie, a length of about 18,100 feet; thence up to a point 500 feet east of Fresh Creek Basin, a stretch of about 3,400 feet, it has been dredged to a depth of 18 feet at mean low water and width of 500 feet. As shown by survey made in August, 1927, the con- trolling mean low-water depth from deep water off Rockaway Point up to Fresh Creek Basin was 18 feet through a channel not less than 500 feet wide. The work remaining to be done at the expense of the United States to complete the existing project consists in dredging the entrance channel to a depth of 30 feet and width of 1,500 feet, in protecting it by one or two jetties as may be deemed the most economical method of maintaining project dimensions, and in dredg- 216 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGIN EERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 ing the main interior channel to a depth of 30 feet at mean low water and width of 1,000 feet from Canarsie up to the head of the projected improvement at the mouth of Cornell Creek. The city of New York has, at its expense, met the conditions prescribed by Congress in adopting the project to the extent outlined under Local cooperation. The terminal at Canarsie has been prac- tically completed; highway and railroad connections with this terminal have yet to be made, and facilities for handling cargoes, suited to the kind of freight to be handled by lessees, are to be installed at the time of leasing. Additional terminals suited to ves- sels requiring a channel of 30 feet depth, with highway and railroad connections, and freight-handling facilities are to be provided by the city of New York in advance of the extension of the channel north- ward from the pier at Canarsie. The total cost to the United States of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $2,257,011.14-$2,207,785.31 for new work and $49,225.83 for maintenance, and the total expenditures amounted to $2,256,990.14. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $521,309.86. With this it is proposed to prosecute work as follows: Operate one United States seagoing dredge in entrance channel for six months at $22,000, for improvement (January-June, 1930)___ $132, 000. 00 Complete by summer of 1933 a jetty on the east side of entrance channel off Rockaway Point under a continuing contract to be entered into at an estimated cost of $1,462,000, for improvement. For payment of contractors' earnings to June 30, 1931--- 335, 000.00 Outstanding liabilities__----- __----------- ---------- 1, 491. 00 General field expenses, including surveys, inspection, miscellaneous investigations, and contingencies ------- 35, 818. 86 Engineering, superintendence, and administration ---------- 17, 000. 00 Total------------ -------------------------------- 521, 309 .86 Additional funds will be needed for continuing work of jetty con- struction under continuing contract and for dredging in entrance channel. The amount that can be profitably expended in this work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, is as follows: Continuing construction of east jetty -------------------------- $500, 000 Operate United States seagoing dredges a total of 20 months, for improvement ----------------------------- 440, 000 Engineering, superintendence, and contingencies ___________ ___ 100, 000 Total ---------------------------------------------- 1, 040, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of building material, coal and coke, and petroleum products. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925--------..... 606, 312 $5, 616, 560 479, 225 1928--------........ 1, 212, 844 $11,434, 541 1,102, 477 1926--------........ 600, 179 6, 932, 864 842, 054 1929_ ...... 1, 497,445 18, 448, 012 1, 872, 132 1927 ....- 1, 285, 073 19, 107, 328 856, 992 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 217 The increased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to an increased tonnage of sand and gravel, coal and coke, and petroleum products. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Building material------------....... ..------------------------------------------- 43. 8 8-16 Coal and coke..---------------------------------------------------------- 35. 9 5-12 19. 0 Petroleum products.....-------.............-------....--.............................-------------- 8-16 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ________- __________$2, 287, 117. 67 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_1 ........... ____1 52, 187.28 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ----------- 2, 339, 304. 95 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 __________--------21. 00 Net total expenditures--___- ---- ____ ____ __--- 2, 339, 283. 95 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 __------------------- 521, 309.86 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ___1111111_ 2, 860, 593. 81 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work----------.-----.---$120,952. 25 $533, 476. 38 $389, 664. 17 $231, 677. 92 $138, 078. 66 Cost of maintenance__-__-------___.--_ 2, 591.84 2, 164. 04 6, 807. 74 1, 012. 53 --------. Total cost-...---------__ --.-.-- 123, 544. 09 535, 640. 42 396, 471. 91 232, 690. 45 138, 078. 66 Total expended_. -------------------- _ 123, 544. 09 535, 640.42 490,441. 11 133, 254.81 358, 677. 14 Allotted. .. ---------------------------- 220,000.00 500,000.00 800, 000. 00 500, 000.00 -311,200.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_.. ___--------------- $1, 191, 187. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved May 28, 1930------------------------------- 500, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for- 1----------------------, 691, 187. 00 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment __-__- - -811, 200. 00 Net amount to be accounted for- ---------------- 879, 987. 00 Gross amount expended_-----------_ ------------------- 358, 677. 14 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------ 521, 309.86 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ----------- $21. 00 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts--------- 1,470. 00 1, 491. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930---------------------- 519, 818.86 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- - _ tion of existing project 1- ---- ___ _-- .. __-------- 9, 076, 900.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending - - - - -- - - - June 30, 1932, for new work 1_-_- - - - - - - - - - - - - - ___ _ 1, 040, 000.00 SExclusive of available funds. 218 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 19. CHANNEL CONNECTING GRAVESEND BAY WITH JAMAICA BAY, N. Y. Location and description.-Gravesend Bay, situated within the boundaries of the city of New York, about 10 miles by water, south of the Battery, New York City, is an indentation in the west shore of Long Island just south of the Narrows, New York Harbor. Jamaica Bay, under improvement by the United States, is an in- dentation in the south shore of Long Island about 6 miles in a direct line east of Gravesend Bay. The entrance to Jamaica Bay is situated about 15 miles, by water, in a southerly and easterly direction from the Battery. The eastern entrance to the proposed channel is through Sheepshead Bay, an estuary opening up into the Jamaica Bay entrance channel. The proposed channel is about 21/2 miles long and connects Gravesend Bay with Jamaica Bay entrance channel by way of Sheepshead Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 369.) Original condition.-Coney Island Creek, a shallow, narrow, marsh-bound, and extremely tortuous stream about 21/4 miles long, connected Gravesend Bay with Sheepshead Bay at high tide. About 1 mile inland from the west the creek provided navigation at high tide for small fishing and other craft whose draft did not exceed 6 feet; elsewhere, to the eastward, the bed of the creek was bare at low water throughout the greater part of its length. The creek was crossed by seven highway and rapid-transit railroad bridges. Previous project.-None. Existing project.-The river and harbor act, approved January 21, 1927, adopted a project providing for a channel 15 feet deep at mean low water, 250 feet wide where a right of way has to be ac- quired and 400 feet wide elsewhere provided that the location of that section of the channel east of Sheepshead Bay and the extent of breakwater construction shall be subject to such modification as may later be found advisable and economical. Mean tidal range, 4.7 feet; mean range of spring tides, 5.6 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 4 feet below mean low water up to 4 feet above mean high water. Estimated cost for new work, made in 1923, $2,000,000 with $30,000 annually for main- tenance. This project was abandoned by the river and harbor act, approved July 3, 1930. Recommended modifcations of projects.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, adopting the project provided that local interests shall- (a) Furnish a right of way free of cost to the United States. (b) Furnish convenient areas for a deposit of dredgings excavated by hy- draulic process. (o) Alter existing bridges to meet new requirements both as to location and as to clear height and width of openings. These conditions have not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-The terminals now in use are not so located or of construction suitable for use in'handling the commerce that is expected to develop along the improved waterway. For ter- minals available for through commerce see reports on Jamaica Bay and Sheepshead Bay printed on pages 212 and 219, respectively, RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 219 of this report. This waterway lies within the port district as rec- ommended by the Port of New York Authority, December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 223 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-No work has yet been done under the existing project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The legislation adopting this project was repealed by river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. The con- dition is the same as stated in paragraph Original condition, except that a half mile of its eastern end is now covered over and the tide- water flows through it in a culvert, and the number of highway and rapid-transit traffic bridges that cross the creek have been increased from 7 to 12. A pipe line also crosses the creek between West Tenth and West Ninth Streets. Proposed operations.--The conditions prescribed by Congress in adopting this project not having been fulfilled, no funds for carrying on the work of improvement have been provided. The project was abandoned by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930. No further reports will be submitted. Commercial statistics.-No statistics have been collected for this waterway. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930___________------------- ---- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__ 20. SHEEPSHEAD BAY, N. Y. Location and description.-This is a bay on the south side of Long Island, 14 miles by water southeast of the Battery, New York City, and 81/2 miles northeast of Sandy Hook. It is 6,000 feet long and from 250 to 1,000 feet wide. It is open to the east and is separated from the ocean on the south by the east end of Coney Island. The section under improvement is the entrance channel, which extends from deep water in the Atlantic Ocean to deep water in Sheepshead Bay, a distance of about one-quarter of a mile. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Chart No. 542.) Original condition.-The entrance to Sheepshead Bay has under- gone many changes since 1841, as shown by comparative charts. In 1881 the inlet was about a mile to the eastward of its present location. Originally there were numerous shoals in the bay, and the channel depths ranged from 1 to 13 feet at mean low water. There was a tidal flow through Coney Island Creek, a narrow, tortuous stream, about 3 miles in length, connecting Sheepshead and Gravesend Bays, but the practical head of navigation in Sheepshead Bay was and is about 0.8 mile west of the present entrance. Previous projects.-The original project, adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, was modified in 1881 (A. R. 1884, p. 109), and in 1889 (A. R. 1889, p. 814). The cost of completing this project up to June 30, 1895, was $26,000; the cost of maintenance, if any, does not appear to have been made a matter of record. The total expenditures amounted to $26,000. For further details of previous project page 1771 of the Annual Report for 1915. 220 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Emisting project.-This provides for dredging a channel 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water from the 6-foot contour in the ocean to the corresponding contour in Sheepshead Bay a length of 2,200 feet. Mean tidal range, 4.7 feet; mean range of spring tides, 5.6 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 4 feet below mean low water up to 4 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, was $13,600 exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest 1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $250. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912. (H. Doc. No. 959, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) For latest published map see page 732 of Annual Report for 1884. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In 1884 and in 1913 local property owners furnished disposal areas and retaining bulk- heads for excavated materials. Terminal facilities.-The city of New York owns a wooden retain- ing bulkhead along the entire length of the south and west sides of the bay; this bulkhead is open to the public for pleasure but not for commercial purposes. Freights are handled at private bulkheads and float stages, which are sufficient for the local commerce. Sheeps- head Bay lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 223 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-Sheepshead Bay is used but slightly for commercial purposes, and on this account freight rates have not been noticeably affected, but large numbers of pleasure and fishing boats and the ferryboats to Rockaway Point have been benefited by the improvement. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The cost of contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement was $71.81. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of flccal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1914 at a saving of $5,772 under the estimated cost. Under a permit issued by authority of the Secretary of War a channel was dredged to a least depth of 25 feet at mean low water and to widths varying from about 300 feet up to about 500 feet and extending from deep water in Sheepshead Bay to a depth of 18 feet at mean low water in Lower New York Bay. The controlling mean low- water depth, as shown by soundings taken in June, 1928, was 18 feet through a channel about 150 feet wide. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $11,169.10-$7,827.59 for new work and $3,341.51 for maintenance, and the total expenditures amounted to $11,097.29. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $241.69. With this it is proposed to pay outstanding liabilities amounting to $71.81 and the cost of examining the dredged channel to ascertain its condition, and of miscellaneous investigations and office expenses pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. It is not believed that dredging for maintenance will be necessary during the next two years. Therefore, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 221 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of petroleum products, lumber, and general merchandise. The nature of the commerce has not been affected by the improvement, but the number of fishing-party boats, motor and sail, increases every year. The fishing-party boats operate practically all year. This locality is devoted mainly to pleasure purposes and fishing. Comparative statement Cayear Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year 1925--------........ 3, 044 $152, 900 301, 870 1928-........ 2,864 $474, 241 698, 516 1926....-----....--- 1, 849 381, 253 1, 304, 108 1929........------- 3, 711 459, 768 729, 648 1927....-----....--- 16, 414 912, 099 489, 384 The increased tonnage figure for 1929 is due to an increased ton- nage of gasoline and lumber. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Petroleum products----------------------------------------------------- 57.5 5-10 General merchandise ---------------------------------------------------- 31. 7 6-12 Lumber........--------------------------------------------------------------10.8 5-10 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------------- $33, 827. 57 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------------- 3, 341. 51 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 37, 169. 10 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930---------------------------- 71.81 Net total expenditures-- ---------------------------- 37, 097. 29 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------- 241. 69 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 19303------------ 37, 338. 98 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--..-..-------------------.-.--.-------------------------- Cost of maintenance---------------------- $7.29------------ $51 64 $6. 67 $71.81 Total expended.----------------------- .... 7.29 ------------------------ 58. 31 Allotted.-----.-.------------------------- 300. 00 .......--.-.. Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------------------- $241.69 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------------------- 71. 81 Balance available June 30, 1930------------- ------------ 169. 88 222 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 21. NEW YORK HARBOR: AMBROSE, MAIN SHIP, BAYSIDE, AND GED- NEY CHANNELS, INCLUDING ANCHORAGE CHANNEL AND CRAVEN SHOAL, AND CHANNEL BETWEEN STATEN ISLAND AND HOFFMAN AND SWINBURNE ISLANDS, N. Y. Location and description.-The works included under the above title are in the Lower Bay and in the lower part of the Upper Bay, New York Harbor. The Lower Bay is 330 miles southwest by water of Boston Harbor, Mass., and 165 miles northeast of the entrance to Delaware Bay, N. J., and Del. The Upper Bay, 4 miles long and 4 miles wide, is connected with the Lower Bay by the Narrows, over a mile in width, and approxi- mately 2 miles in length. The Lower Bay is triangular, extending 12 miles inland, with one side about 6 miles long open to the sea, from which it is separated by a broad bar crossed by five channels, as follows: Two improved under titles of Ambrose Channel and Gedney-Bayside Channel, with its extension Main Ship Channel; the inner end of these channels in the Lower Bay is 10 miles south of the Battery, New York City; Anchorage Channel, an extension of Ambrose Channel, situated in Upper Bay between Governors Island and the Narrows; channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swinburne (Quarantine) Islands, connecting these islands with deep water off Fort Wadsworth about 21/2 miles north of the inner end of Ambrose Channel; and Coney Island Channel, reported sepa- rately; see page 231 of this report. Craven Shoal is situated in the upper (northern) part of the Lower Bay about 13/4 miles north of the inner end of Ambrose Channel. (See U. S. Coast and Goedetic Survey Charts Nos. 369 and 541.) Original condition.--In the Main Ship-Bayside-Gedney Channel the natural depth across the bar was 23.7 feet, with a width of about 500 feet. Inside the bar the depths were greater and a total length of 9 miles required dredging to make 30 feet depth. Ambrose Channel had a natural available depth of about 16 feet for a width of 2,000 feet. These channels formed separate routes across the shoals in lower New York Harbor. The Anchorage Channel had a natural depth of 40 feet or more, with a minimum width outside the necessary anchorages of 370 feet, limiting the 40-foot entrance chan- nel in that part of its route. Craven Shoal had a least depth of 19.6 feet. The channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swin- burne Islands, 21/4 miles in length, had available mean low-water depths of 10 feet to Hoffman Island and 8 feet to Swinburne Island, and widths of about 50 feet, with channel banks not defined. Previo s projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the Ambrose Channel 40 feet deep and 2,000 feet wide, extending from the sea to deep water in the Lower Bay, length about 7.5 miles; for the Anchorage Channel, an extension of Ambrose Channel, with the same depth and width, in the Upper Bay, opposite the anchorage grounds, length about 3.5 miles; for the Main Ship-Bayside-Gedney Channel, 30 feet deep and 1,000 feet wide, extending from the sea to deep water in the Lower Bay, length about 101/2 miles; for the removal of Craven Shoal to a depth of 30 feet; for a channel 16 feet deep, 200 feet wide, and about 12,500 feet long, extending from Bell Buoy 23 to Hoffman and Swinburne Islands. The project depths refer to mean low water. Mean tidal range, 4.7 feet; mean range of spring tides, 5.6 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 223 from 4 feet below mean low water, up to 4 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $8,803,000. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $165,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 5, 1884, provided for the Main Ship- Bayside-Gedney Channel, and the dimensions of this channel were fixed by the Secretary of War December 27, 1886, under authority of the act of August 5, 1886 (A. R. 1887, p. 62, and 1888, p. 63); the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the Ambrose Channel (H. Doc. No. 159, 55th Cong., 3d sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the maintenance of the entrance channels under one head; the act of August 8, 1917, provided for extending the Ambrose Channel into the Upper Bay opposite the anchorage grounds (H. Doc. No. 518, 63d Cong., 2d sess.), for the removal of Craven Shoal (H. Doc. No. 557, 64th Cong., 1st sess.), and for the channel to the Quarantine Islands (H. Doc. No. 625, 64th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of July 3, 1930, provided for changing the position of the southerly section of Anchorage Channel to give a fairway 2,000 feet wide and 40 feet deep (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 18, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map of Ambrose Channel is in the Annual Report for 1914, page 1734, and the latest published maps of the other localities in their respective project documents. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The harbor above the narrows, including the Upper Bay, the Hudson River to Spuyten Duyvil, the Harlem River, the East River to College Point, Gowanus Creek and Canal, Wallabout Channel and Canal, and Newtown Creek and its tribu- taries had in 1924 about 575 miles of water front on which were 1,079 terminals of which the city of New York owned 410. A few of the city-owned terminals are used by city departments, several are open to the public, and the rest are leased. The city of New York acquires additional water front as opportunity and the state of public funds permit. Jersey City owns one pier and a part in- terest in a basin of considerable use commercially. Nearly all of the water front of Jersey City and Hoboken is owned and occupied by railroads for passenger and freight terminals and by steamship lines as terminals. The merchant marine act of 1920 provided for the transfer of all of the Hoboken terminal to the United States Shipping Board on January 1, 1921, unless the President specifi- cally directed otherwise; the transfer was completed November 15, 1921. This terminal consists of six piers and bulkheads for trans- Atlantic service, which were taken over by the United States during the war. In 1917 the States of New York and New Jersey, enacted legisla- tion creating a joint harbor-development commission. This commis- sion made a study of the port as a whole, and under date of Decem- ber 16, 1920, submitted its report to the governors of the respective States, together with comprehensive plans and recommendations. On April 7,1921, the State of New Jersey appointed commissioners to "the port authority" and appropriated $100,000 for the expenses of 'the port authority" (ch. 152, Laws of 1921, New Jersey). On t1714---ENG 1930----15 224 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 April 15, 1921, the State of New York authorized the appointment of commissioners to " the port authority " and appropriated $100,000 for the expenses of "the port authority" (ch. 203, Laws of 1921, New York). By Public Resolution No. 17, Sixty-seventh Congress, approved August 23, 1921, the consent of Congress is given to an agreement between the States of New York and New Jersey for the creation of the port of New York district and the establishment of a Port of New York Authority pursuant to chapter 154, Laws of New York, 1921, and chapter 151, Laws of New Jersey, 1921, for the com- prehensive development of the port of New York and to better the coordination of the terminal, transportation, and other facilities of commerce in, about, and through the port of New York. A report with recommendation was submitted on December 21, 1921, by the port authority to the Governers of the States of New York and New Jersey, which includes a description and maps of the plan recommended. As planned, the port district includes within its boundaries 105 organized municipalities, a population of about 8,000,000, about 800 miles of shore line of sheltered water, and about 12 trunk-line railroads, which carry to and from the port 75,000,000 tons of freight annually. The proposed plan contemplates the con- struction of an outer, a middle, and an inner belt line and an auto- matic electric system. The middle belt line is designed to provide the shortest connecting link between all railroad lines, connection be- tween the belt line on the west side of the harbor with that on the east side being made by a tunnel to be constructed beneath the bed of the Upper Bay, New York Harbor, between Greenville, N. J., and Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, N. Y. An essential part of the comprehensive plan consists of many belt lines to promote and serve industrial developments and water fronts. Several years will be required to design, construct, and install the complete system; to afford relief in the meantime it is proposed to establish motor-truck service between the railroads of the port district and the island of Manhattan. Maps and details are printed in documents marked (*) under Ref- erence to published articles not previously reported, appearing in Annual Report for 1922, page 294. By Public Resolution No. 66, Sixty-seventh Congress, approved July 1, 1922, the consent of Con- gress is given the Port of New York Authority to execute the com- prehensive plan approved by the States of New York and New Jersey by chapter 43, Laws of New York, 1922, and chapter 9, Laws of New Jersey, 1922. Reports by the port authority covering its activities are submitted annually to the Governors and Legislatures of the States of New York and New Jersey. (For latest full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see Port Series No. 20, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.--The effect upon freight rates is not trace- able, being obscured by various causes. The improvement has made it possible for the largest ships to enter and leave at all normal stages of tide; without it none of them would have been able to enter or leave the harbor when loaded. A ship with reported draft of 42 feet 10 inches passed out via Ambrose Channel in the spring of 1919. In 1926 vessels drawing 40 feet when leaving their berths passed through Ambrose Channel; when in motion this draft is increased, the amount of increase being governed by the speed of the vessel. Operations and results during fiscal year.-U. S. seagoing dredge Atlantic was employed from January 8 to February 16, 1930, and U. S. seagoing dredge Navesink was employed from April 16 to RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 225 June 30, 1930, removing shoals from Anchorage Channel. There were removed and disposed of 441,031 cubic yards, bin measurement, of material at a cost of $92,855.87 for maintenance. This work resulted in removing the most serious shoals from the channel. U. S. seagoing dredge Marshall was employed from July 1 to August 31, 1929, in Main Ship, Bayside, and Gedney Channels re- moving 309,260 cubic yards, bin measurement, of material at a cost of $34,390.67 for maintenance. The cost of tidal observations, surveys, and contingencies was $1,392.49 for maintenance. The total cost of all work was $128,639.03 all for maintenance. The total expenditures amounted to -$51,110.35. Condition at end of filcal year.-The project is about 81 per cent completed. Main Ship-Bayside-Gedney Channel was completed in 1891; the depth was increased from its original depth of 23.7 feet to the project depth of 30 feet at mean low water. The cost of new work amounted to $1,579,985.65, including $116,530 applied to remov- ing wrecks and a sunken rock, authorized by acts of July 25, 1868, and January 8, 1873. Subsequent to the completion of these channels in 1891, up to June 30, 1928, the net cost of maintaining the entrance channels was $1,893,028.56, including channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swinburne Islands, Ambrose Channel, since June 30, 1915, channels at Forts Hancock, Hamilton, and Wadsworth, Coney Island Channel, the purchase of dredge Gedney in 1893 at a cost of $72,500, and dredge Chinook in February, 1926, at a cost of $227,143.75. The former dredge was transferred to the Newport, R. I., district June 28, 1909, and the latter was transferred to the Norfolk district. Ambrose Channel was completed in 1914; it was increased in depth from its original depth of 16 feet to the project depth of 40 feet at mean low water. The estimated cost of this improvement was $6,688,000; it was completed at a gross cost of $5,190,507.08, including the cost of building dredges specially designed for the work. This gross cost was reduced $397,329.27 by receipts from the sale of scrap and one of the dredges, and receipts from the lease of dredges during the period covered by improvement operations, thus making the net cost for new work $4,793,177.81. The value of plant on hand on the date of completing the improvement was $940,004; the actual net cost of dredging the channel was, therefore, $3,853,173.81. Seagoing dredge Marshall was purchased by the Ambrose Channel appropria- tion in 1928 at a cost of $1,184,000. The value of the plant owned on June 30, 1930, was $1,664,821.59. The value of the plant will be reduced from year to year by depreciation, but may be increased occasionally by alteration; since these changes in value are considered in establishing rental charges to other works borrowing the plant, for improvement and maintenance, the above-mentioned net cost will not be affected by changes in the value of the plant. The cost of maintaining Ambrose Channel up to July 1, 1915, was $540,371.01, of which amount $382,388.65 was paid from appropria- tions for the maintenance of the entrance channels and $157,981.96 was paid from appropriations for Ambrose Channel. This $157,- 981.96 was reduced $26,628.89 by receipts from sales and rental of dredges during the period of maintenance operations, thus making the net cost of maintenance work charged against the Ambrose Chan- nel appropriations $131,353.07. Of the above total maintenance cost, 226 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 30 $372,372.40 was due to shoaling which occurred during the period covered by improvement operations. Since June 30, 1915, the cost of maintaining Ambrose Channel has been paid from appropriations for maintenance of the entrance channels. Expenditures from the Ambrose Channel appropriations have been in payment of the cost of operating and maintaining dredges which are retained for main- tenance work (if necessary), but which meanwhile are leased to other works for improvements, the amounts thus expended being reim- bursed to the owning (Ambrose Channel) appropriation by the transfer of funds from the borrowing appropriation. Anchorage Channel has been completed to 40 feet depth at mean low water and 2,000 feet width. The channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swinburne Islands was completed in 1920 to project dimensions up to within 300 feet of the southern limits of the project. The dredged channel now meets all the demands of navigation, therefore further work of improvement is not contemplated for the present. As shown by a survey made in June, 1929, shoals at and near the junction of Bayside-Gedney Channels have reduced the width of the channel of project depth to about 700 feet. The controlling depths of the several channels at mean low water are as follows: Ambrose Channel (August, 1926), 40 feet; Main Ship-Bayside-Gedney Channel (1929), 30 feet; Anchorage Channel (1928), 40 feet; Craven Shoal (June, 1928), 29 feet; channel be- tween Staten Island and Hoffman and Swinburne Islands (May, 1929), 16 feet to Hoffman Island; thence to Swinburne Island, 14 feet. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists in lengthening the channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swinburne Islands by 300 feet, should this be deemed necessary, and the widening and deepening of Anchorage Channel as author- ized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. In the table following are shown the cost of prosecuting work in each of the channels included in the project, and the total cost of the project up to June 30, 1930: Appropriations for- New work Maintenance Total Ambrose Channel..----.. --- -------------------------- $3, 853, 173. 81 $131, 497. 23 $3, 984, 671.04 Total for Ambrose Channel-------------------------- 3, 853, 173. 81 131, 497. 23 - 3, 984, 671.04 Maintenance, including Ambrose Channel, Main Ship- Bayside-Gedney Channel, Anchorage Channel, and Craven Shoal---....------------------- ----------------------- 1, 901, 930. 12 1, 901, 930. 12 Main Ship-Bayside-Gedney Channel..--------------------1, 579, 985. 65 -- - 1, 579, 985. 65 Anchorage Channel-----...........---------------------------- 1, 433, 244. 08 433, 244. 08 1--------------, Craven Shoal------- ------------------- ------------- 138, 471. 53 --------------- 138, 471. 53 Total for maintenance of Entrance Channel --------- 3, 151, 701.26 1, 901, 930. 12 5, 053, 631. 38 Channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swin- burne Islands----.....- -------------------------------- 129, 337. 05 2,162. 95 131, 500. 00 Total --------------------------------------- 7, 134, 212. 12 2, 035, 590. 30 9, 169, 802. 42 The total expenditures up to June 30, 1930, amounted to $10,854,997.70. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, for Ambrose Channel was $500,507.36. It is proposed to use this for the operation and maintenance of the seagoing dredges belonging to the improvement. The cost of operating and maintaining the RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 227 dredges will be reimbursed by payments from the works upon which they are employed. The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, for maintenance of en- trance channels, and improvement of Craven Shoal, Anchorage Channel, and channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swinburne Islands was $198,047.88. With this it is proposed to pay the cost of dredging for maintenance that may be necessary in these channels. Shoaling in these channels and the probable location of same can not be foreseen. Any shoaling should, however, be removed promptly. New work on Anchorage Channel adopted by the river and harbor Act of July 3, 1930, should be commenced in the fiscal year 1932. The sum of $230,000 can be profitably expended for work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Operate one United States seagoing dredge in Anchorage Channel for four months, for improvement ------------------------ $88,000. 00 Operate one United States seagoing dredge in entrance channels, Anchorage Channel, and Craven Shoal when necessary, for five months, for maintenance--- --------------------------- 110,000.00 Engineering, superintendence, and contingencies-----------------32, 000. 00 For improvement, $100,000; for maintenance, $130,000. Total----- ------------------------------------ 230, 000. 00 Commercial statistics.-The following is a statement of foreign and coastwise commerce passing through the entrance channels of the Lower Bay during the calendar years 1925 to 1929, inclusive. Foreign Coastwise Total Year Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value Passengers 1925 _ 27, 049, 821 $4, 706, 668, 854 25, 971, 808 $2, 363, 434, 528 53, 021, 629 $7, 070, 103, 382 (1) 1926__ 26, 946, 640 2, 295, 995, 729 19, 479, 958 1,363, 407; 394 46, 426, 598 3, 659, 503, 123 1,459, 135 1927_- 27, 536, 128 4, 337, 490, 882 26, 145, 054 1, 584, 390, 272 53, 681, 182 5, 921, 881, 154 1, 117, 246 1928 - 29,441,958 4, 851, 763, 377 22, 445, 606 1,475, 920, 162 51,887, 564 6, 327, 683, 539 1, 400, 531 1929_ 29, 280, 209 4, 611, 632, 918 24, 530, 370 1, 612, 871, 828 53, 81:, 579 6, 224, 504, 746 1, 280, 385 1 Not ascertained. Following is a summary of the commerce in the Upper Bay for 1925 to 1929, not including that portion fronting Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels, which is shown separately under that heading in the report: Year Short tons Value Passengers Year Short tons Value Passengers 1925 2...... 6, 250, 603 $694, 392, 881 26, 056, 010 1928 2 . 9, 357, 548 $756, 427, 163 27, 859, 240 1926 .... 9, 288, 637 623, 027, 832 26, 474, 141 1929 2.- . 12, 935, 267 830, 263, 764 32, 996, 159 1927 2 ...... 10, 177,073 581, 554, 794 27, 359, 807 2 Exclusive of the following: Car ferry Cargoes in transit Total Year Short tons Value Short tons Value Short tons Value 1925 5, 569, 149 $1, 670, 744, 700 66, 837, 299 $8, 029, 531, 987 72, 406, 448 $9, 700, 276, 687 1926-....... 9,335, 481 2,800, 644, 300 59, 279, 147 6,047, 549, 617 68, 614, 628 8,848, 193, 917 1927------- 8,752, 673 2,625, 801, 900 87, 885, 281 8,964,298, 662 96,637,954 11, 590, 100, 562 1928-..... 8,850, 526 2,655, 157, 800 72, 659, 989 6,404, 251, 431 81, 510, 515 9,059, 409, 231 1929.--- -- 8,936, 011 2,680, 803, 300 86, 440, 211 7,618, 840, 198 95, 376, 222 10, 299, 643,498 228 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The increased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to an increased tonnage of petroleum products, lumber, iron ore, raw sugar, and agricultural machinery. The total tonnage for the port of New York for the calendar year 1929 was 182,726,738 tons, valued at $15,521,545,545 (exclusive of cargoes in transit). Cost and financial summary AMBROSE CHANNEL Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 _ ________---------_ $3, 853, 173. 81 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 131, 497. 23 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------3, 984, 671. 04 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------- 1, 684, 183.59 Net total cost to June 30. 1930----------------------- 5, 668, 854. 63 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930---------------------- 115, 953. 43 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930--------------------5, 784, 808. 06 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_ ------------------- 106, 583.84 Net total expenditures_ _ ____- _ ---- - 5, 678, 224. 22 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 500, 507. 36 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- , 178, 731. 58 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work... ... ... .- . . ..- .. ..-- .. ... ... ...-.. . ..------- Cost of maintenance.........--------------- $43, 877. 96 $57, 988. 20 -------------.....-------------- $144. 16 Total expended .. 43, 877.96 ..------------------- 57, 988. 20 $1, 100, 022.86 $56, 947. 67 -169,960.77 Allotted----.------------------------------- .-----------.-.1, 103, 200.70 150,000.00-... --- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-........ $330, 546. 59 Gross amount expended------------------- -$169, 484.38 Less receipts from sales ------------------------- 476. 39 -- 169, 960.77 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ------------------- 500, 507. 36 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------- 106, 583. 84 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts-------- 18, 265. 05 124, 848. 89 Balance available June 30, 1930---------------------------- 375, 658.47 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930- -------------------------- 115, 953.43 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--------------491, 611. 90 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 229 MAINTENANCE OF ENTRANCE CHANNELS, ETC., NEW YORK HARBOR, N. Y. Cost of new work to June 30, 1930___ __________ $3, 151, 701.26 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------- 11,901,930. 12 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 5, 053, 631.38 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---------- 14, 237. 38 Net total cost to June 30, 1930__--_ _____------------ 5, 067, 868, 76 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930--5,-------------------- 5 002. 88 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 ------------- 5, 072, 871.64 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ------------------ 27, 598.16 Net total expenditures___________________________ 15, 045, 273. 4 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 98, 047.88 1-------------------------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_ ______-_ 15, 243, 321. 36 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-. 479. 24 $299, 869. 60- -___-___-_-___$271, - $130, 966. 09 __ .--- Cost of maintenance---- .....-------- ----- 376, 730. 74 52, 191.72 -$1, 562. 68 43, 671. 58 $128, 494. 87 Total cost ..--. __-------------- 648, 209. 98 352, 061.32 -1, 562. 68 174, 637. 67 128, 494. 87 Total expended.___.------------------ -648, 209. 98 352, 061. 32 -135,386. 72 209, 639. 41 118,850. 42 Allotted..___-------------------------- 655, 000. 00 213, 000.00 -114,143. 75 -62, 500.00 233, 200. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------------$83,698.30 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved: February 23, 1927--------------------------- $30,700.00 March 23, 1928------------------------------ 50,000. 00 May 28, 1930--- -------------------------- 165,000. 00 245, 700.00 Amount to be accounted for-------------------------- 329, 398. 30 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment ________----- 12, 500.00 Net amount to be accounted for_ -___ ------- __ 316,898.30 Gross amount expended___ ---------------------------- 118, 850.42 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 1---------------------98,04 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 -- .------------------- 27, 598. 16 Balance available June 30, 1930-----------------------170, 449. 72 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 -------------------------- 5, 002. 88 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--- 175, 452. 60 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - - - - -- - - -- - -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - -- existing project 460,000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work - - - - - --- - - - -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - - 100, 000.00 For maintenance -------------------------------------- 130,000.00 Total '------------------------------------------- 230, 000. 00 IExclusive of $163,264.89 previously expended for work of removal of drift, New York Harbor, N. Y. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 230 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 CHANNEL BETWEEN STATEN ISLAND, HOFFMAN ISLAND, AND SWINBURNE ISLAND, N. Y. Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $129, 337.05 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 2, 162. 95 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-- ---------------- 131, 500. 00 Net total expenditures------------------------------- ----- 131, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work... ----- -- - - - ........... -.- - - -.- . -. Cost of maintenance --------------------- . $455. 19 ------------------ Total expended..........-------------------------. 455. 19...................................... Allotted.... Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------------------ $130, 000 CONSOLIDATED COST AND FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK HARBOR, N. Y. Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------- $7, 134, 212. 12 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 -------------------- 12, 035, 590. 30 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------- 9, 169, 802. 42 Value of plant, material, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---------- 1, 698, 420. 97 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-----------------------10, 868, 223. 39 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------ 120, 956. 31 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930-------------------- 10, 989, 179. 70 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_---------- ---------- 134, 182. 00 Net total expenditures --------------------------- 1 10, 854, 997. 70 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------------- -------- 698, 555. 24 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------- 111, 553, 552. 94 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--- ----------- ---- $271, 479. 24 $299, 869. 60 ..----------.. $130, 966. 09-- Cost of maintenance __.----.--__.-. ------ 421, 063. 89 110, 179. 92 -$1, 562. 68 43, 671.58 $128, 639. 03 Total cost---__---------------,_--.. 692, 543. 13 410, 049. 52 -1, 562. 68 174, 637. 67 128, 639. 03 Total expended___________________________ 692, 543. 13 410, 049. 52 964, 636. 14 266, 587. 08 -51, 110. 35 Allotted .......--------------------------- 655, 000. 00 213, 000. 00 989, 056. 95 I 87, 500. 00 233, 200. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----------------------------- $414, 244. 89 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved : February 23, 1927 --------------------------- $30, 700. 00 March 23, 1928 ..------.....------------------- 50, 000. 00 May 28, 1930----------------------------------- 165, 000. 00 245, 700. 00 Amount to be accounted for--------------------------659, 944. 89 1 Exclusive of $163,264.89 previously expended for work of removal of drift, New York Harbor, N. Y. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 231 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-__- - ----- $12, 500.00 Net amount to be accounted for ..--.....--..------ ------ 647, 444. 89 Gross amount expended--------------------- -- $50, 633. 96 Gross amount expended-__-------- -- 50, 633.96 Less receipts from sales_---------------------- 476. 39 -51, 110. 35 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------- ----- __ 698, 555. 24 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--.-----.. ----- 134, 182. 00 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts .----------- 18, 265. 05 152, 447. 05 Balance available June 30, 1930 ------------------ 546, 108. 19 Accou nts receivable June 80, 1930_ __.----------------- 120, 956. 31 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930._-___. ..... 667, 0040 Amou nt (estimated)-- -required to be appropriated - - -- - - - -- - -- for completion of - -- - -- -- - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - - exis ting project 590, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work - - -- - - - - -- -- - - - - --- - - - -- - - -- -- --- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- -- - 100, 000. 00 For maintenance ' - - .. 130, 000. 00 -- - - -- - - -- - -- - - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Total 230, 000. 00 22. CONEY ISLAND CHANNEL, N. Y. Location and description.-This channel lies at the entrance to New York Harbor and is the northerly one of five channels crossing the bar. It extends eastward from a point about 1,500 feet south of Nortons Point at the western end of Coney Island; the easterly end of the channel lies about 6,000 feet south of the Coney Island Shore. It is the connecting channel between New York Harbor and Jamaica Bay entrance, and is also frequently used by dump scows returning from the sea. The channel is shown on United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 369, but it is not named. Original condition.-The channel had a natural depth of about 10 feet and a width of 500 to 2,000 feet. Its length was about 3 miles, with the shoalest water on the western third. The eastern 2 miles had natural depths of 16 to 20 feet. Previous projects.-There have been no previous projects. On two occasions allotments were made from appropriations for main- tenance of entrance channels, New York Harbor, for removing shoals in this channel. For further details of work done see page 1768 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 600 feet wide and 20 feet deep at mean low water, and 7,000 feet long between 20-foot contours. Mean tidal range, 4.7 feet; mean range of spring tides, 5.6 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 4 feet below mean low water up to 4 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1906, is $168,300. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $12,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 442, 59th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 232 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is a privately owned pier built out from the Coney Island shore for summer passenger travel; it does not extend to the channel. It is sufficient for this use. Commer- cially the channel is part of the water route between New York Har- bor and Jamaica Bay and points east along the southern shore of Long Island. Coney Island Channel lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 223 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-It has facilitated commerce with Ja- maica Bay and the trips of scows carrying dredgings to the public dumping grounds and of barges carrying refuse to Barren Island. Operationsand results dcring fiscal year.-U. S. pipe-line dredge De Witt Clinton was employed from July 27 to August 31, 1929, removing 12,000 cubic yards of material from the western entrance to the channel at a cost of $18,167.10 for maintenance. U. S. sea- going dredge Atlantic was employed on various days during Octo- ber and December, 1929, and January and February, 1930; and U. S. seagoing dredge Marshall was employed September 1 to 27, 1929, February 20, 21, 27, and: 28, from.March 1 to April 5, and from May 22 to June 30, 1930, removing a total of 331,365 cubic yards of material at a cost of $61,466.98 for maintenance. The total cost of all work pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement was $79,634.08. The expenditures amounted to $64,- 879.05. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 66 per cent completed. The channel in its western end was dredged in 1913 to a depth of 20 feet at mean low water and width of 400 to 600 feet; no work has been done on the shoal in its eastern end. A bar which had subsequently formed in the western end, obstructing the channel off Beach Fortieth Street, was removed by dredging during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. From examinations made from time to time it is evident that repeated dredging will be necessary in the western end of the channel to maintain the depth needed by ves- sels en route between Jamaica Bay or the open sea and New York Harbor by way of the Narrows. Dredging now in progress has in- creased the controlling depth in the western entrance to a least depth of 18 feet at mean low water through a channel 500 feet wide, and in the eastern end about 2,000 feet west of its eastern terminus the channel was 16 feet deep and about 500 feet wide. It is probable that a greater width of channel at the western entrance to the main channel, with a 16-foot depth, is available to the southward of and immediately adjacent to the present channel. The work remaining to be done consists in increasing the channel to its project depth of 20 feet at mean low water and full project width, but it is not con- templated to undertake this work for the present. The total cost of the existing project to June 30, 1930, was $245,254.04-$111,371.21 for new work and $133,882.83 for maintenance. The total expendi- tures amounted to $228,544.65. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 233 Proposed operations.--The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $56,955.35. With this it is proposed to pay outstanding liabili- ties amounting to $16,709.39, and prosecute maintenance dredging for one and one-half months during the fiscal year 1931. This channel is subject to rapid shoaling. It is believed that additional dredging for maintenance will be necessary during the next two years. Therefore, the sum of $22,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Operate one United States seagoing dredge for one month, for maintenance-------------------- ----------------- $21, 000 Engineering, superintendence, and contingencies-- --------------- 1,500 Total ------------------------------- 22,500 Commercialstatistics.-Thecommerce through Coney Island Chan- nel during the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of building material, coke and coal, and petroleum products. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925-------........ 284, 161 $3, 574,887 914, 32 1928-..... 1, 023, 384 $10, 233,840 1, 209, 114 1926------- 599,926 6,930,266 705, 693 1929--------........ 1,369,010 13, 690, 100 2,548,644 1927-------- 1,192,153 22, 224, 675 569, 246 The increase in the tonnage and value figures for 1929 is due to an increased tonnage of sand and gravel, coal and coke, and petroleum products. This traffic consists of through shipments only. The tonnage passing through Coney Island Channel to and from Jamaica Bay was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Building material.................------------------------------------------------------......... 43. 8 8-16 Coal and coke....... 35. 9 5-12 ....................---------------------------------------------------------. Petroleum products__.......................... 19. 0 ......................-------------------------------------------------... 8-16 Cost and fimanial sumnmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------------- $111, 371. 21 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ . .___ _______----- 133, 882. 83 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------___ 245, 254. 04 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_--___ -- __-------- 16, 709.39 Net total expenditures --------------------------- 228, 544. 65 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---- -------------------- 56, 955. 35 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 285, 500. 00 '234 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.... ...... . Cost of maintenance-.----------------. $22, 876. 93 $10, 014. 81 $1, 164. 42 $6, 572. 23 $79, 634. 08 __-------------- Total expended.- ....... 22, 876. 93 10, 014. 81 1, 164. 42 4,617. 87 64, 879. 05 Allotted------- ---------------- ------------ 25, 000.00 13,000.00------------ 98, 200.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ---------------------- $23, 634. 40 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved : March 23, 1928 --__-----------$24,000.00 Feb. 28, 1929-------------------------------49, 200.00 May 28, 1930 -------------- 25, 000. 00 98, 200. 00 Net amount to be accounted for_- .------ - 121; 834.40 Gross amount expended----- ---------------- 64, 879. 05 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------- 56, 955. 35 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 -------------------------- 16, 709. 39 Balance available June 30, 1930---- __---------- ----- 40, 245. 96 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -- __________ 56, 900. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending - -- - --- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- June 30, 1932, for maintenance __ 22, 500. 00 23. BAY RIDGE AND RED HOOK CHANNELS, N. Y. Location and description.-These channels lie along the east shore of the Upper Bay, New York Harbor, and, with Buttermilk Chan- nel, form an easterly channel along the Brooklyn water front from the Narrows to East River. The combined length of Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels is 41/2 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 541.) Original condition.-Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels were navigable by lighters, barges, and similar small harbor craft. The minimum low-water depth was 7 feet in, a channel about 100 feet wide and hardly distinguishable from the adjacent flats. Previous projects.-The original project, adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881, under the title " Gowanus Bay " (H. Ex. Doc. No. 48, 46th Cong., 3d sess.), was modified by the river and harbor acts of August 11, 1888, September 19, 1890, and August 18, 1894. A second project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, and was completed in 1899. The total cost of previ- ous projects, prior to commencing work under the existing project, was $1,246,100; of this amount $1,090,000 was applied to Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels (as nearly as can be estimated) and $156,100 to other channels combined with then in these projects; the total expenditures amounted to $1,246,100. The cost of new work and of maintenance, as separate items of cost, can not be deter- mined from the records. For further details of previous projects see page 1768 of Annual Report for 1915. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 235 Emisting project.-This provides for a channel 1,200 feet wide and 40 feet deep at mean low water to opposite Bay Ridge Avenue, Brooklyn, thence 1,750 feet wide to the junction of Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels, thence 1,200 feet wide through Red Hook Channel. Length of section included in the project, 41/2 miles. Mean tidal range, 4.7 feet; mean range of spring tides, 5.6 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 4 feet below mean low water up to 4 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $4,609,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $150,000. This project was adopted in specific terms by river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, no prior estimates for channels of these dimensions having been published. A report upon a survey of these channels showing the depths in 1897 was printed on page 1177 of the Annual Report for 1897 and in House Document No. 337, Fifty-fourth Con- gress, second session, with map. The river and harbor act of 1907 authorized prosecution of the work so as to obtain, first, a depth of 35 feet, subsequently increasing the depth to 40 feet for the full width, in accordance with the project of 1899; this permitted a change in the order of the work without a change in the project. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, provided for the widening of Bay Ridge Channel to 1,750 feet. (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 44, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see River and Harbor Committee Document No. 44, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 59 piers and bulkheads used by shipping interests along the water front of these channels, 4 of which are owned by the city of New York; 4 are owned by the United States and are used as an Army supply base; 1 is leased by the United States; 15 are owned and in use by 4 shipyards; 3 are owned and in use by a railroad company; 1 is owned by a rapid-transit railroad company; and all others are either privately or corporately owned. Two are used as ferry terminals, 1 is in use by a city department, and 17 have railroad connections. Twenty-one are situated within the limits of Erie Basin, 11 of which are used exclusively for shipbuilding and ship repairs. Many of the piers exceed 1,000 feet in available dockage, the limit of the largest being 3,500 feet; these piers are provided with large storage facilities, either on the pier itself or in storage warehouses on the uplands im- mediately in the rear, up to eight stories in height and 1,481,759 feet of floor space. The terminal facilities occupy practically all of the available wharf room along the water front. They are mostly of modern equipment, but by reason of limited space are not ade- quate to all the requirements of the increased traffic. The terminals in Gowanus Creek (see separate report on p. 243) are reached through the Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels. (For latest full description of terminal facilities see Port Series No. 20, Corps of Engineers.) These channels lie within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 236 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 1921. (See under Terminal ffa'ilities, New York Harbor, p. 223 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has opened up to use 4 miles of water front, most of which is already occupied by large piers. Ships which prior to the improvement could not have ap- proached this part of the water front now visit it in large numbers. Operations and results during fiscal year.--United States sea- going dredge Raritan was employed in Bay Ridge Channel from July 1, 1929, to March 15, 1930, and from April 8 to June 30, 1930; and United States seagoing dredge Marshall from September 5 to 27, 1929, and from February 19 to March 6, 1930, removing a total of 1,425,721 cubic yards, bin measurement, of material at a total cost of $278,025.66, all for maintenance. This dredging has placed the channel in fairly good condition. The total expenditures amounted to $286,057.72. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Project is 68 per cent completed. Red Hook Channel has been dredged to project depth and width for a length of 3,000 feet northward from its junction with Bay Ridge Channel and thence 1,000 feet wide and from 38 to 40 feet deep at mean low water a farther distance of 3,500 feet. The controlling mean low-water depths as shown by an examination made in 1930 are as follows: In Bay Ridge Channel from deep water in the Upper Bay up to Sixtieth Street, Brooklyn, through a channel of navigable width, 40 feet; thence to Thirty-eighth Street, 38 feet, and thence to the southern end of Red Hook Channel, 34 feet. In Bay Ridge Channel, near its junction with the Gowanus Creek project of 26 feet depth, the depth was 33 feet when examined in 1930, and in Red Hook Channel the controlling depth through a channel of navigable width was 40 feet up to Conover Street, Brooklyn, and thence to the East River, 36 feet; to the west of this the project channel gradually reduces in depth to 27 feet along the western lim- iting line. To complete the project, about 3,500 feet in length of the upper portion of Red Hook Channel is to be widened from the width of 1,000 feet secured in the first dredging to the project width of 1,200 feet, and Bay.Ridge Channel is to be widened to 1,750 feet from opposite Bay Ridge Avenue to its junction with Red Hook Channel. The total cost of the existing project up to June, 1930, was $4,247,096.61-$3,098,379.47 for new work and $1,148,717.14 for maintenance-and the total expenditures amounted to $4,225,154.01. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $274,460.94. Wtih this it is proposed to prosecute work as follows : Operate 1 United States seagoing dredge for 11 months, for maintenance (July, 1930-May, 1931)---------------------- $242, 000.00 Outstanding liabilities------------------------------------- 21, 942. 60 General field expenses, including surveys, miscellaneous investiga- tions, and contingencies------------ ---------------------- 7, 518. 34 Engineering, superintendence, and administration.----------------3, 000.00 Total--------------------------------------------- 274, 460. 94 This dredging should practically restore the Bay Ridge section of the channel to project dimensions. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 237 Some further dredging will probably be necessary for removal of shoals along channel lines during the next two years. There is need for the maintenance of project depth throughout Bay Ridge Channel. There is also need for widening Bay Ridge Channel as provided in the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930. Therefore the sum of $230,000 can be profitably expended in this work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Operate 1 United States seagoing dredge in Bay Ridge Channel for 4 months, for new work_---------------------------------- $88, 000 Operate 1 United States seagoing dredge in Bay Ridge Channel for 5 months, for maintenance--------------------------------- 110, 000 Engineering, superintendence, and contingencies------------- 32, 000 For new work $100,000; for maintenance $130,000. Total-- -- ----------------------------------- ---- 230, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of general merchandise, foodstuffs, and petroleum products. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers CalendarShort tons Value Passengers year year S 1925 ........ 10, 574, 532 $2,114,175,641 2, 501, 242 1928-........ 10, 653, 328 $2,088,795,685 1, 715, 936 1926........ 10, 917, 641 2,458,706,297 1, 432, 229 1929-------........ 9, 504, 949 2,227,866,075 4, 837, 427 1927........ 11, 292, 264 2,561,945,102 1, 654, 925 Exclusive of the following traffic: Car ferry Cargoes in transit Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1925 ------------------------------------- 6, 503, 902 $1,951, 170, 600 3, 916, 682 $233, 520, 954 1926.---..------------- ---- -------------- 7, 533, 175 2, 259, 952, 500 4, 451, 553 307, 894, 584 1927 ------------------------------------- 6,195, 474 1, 858, 642, 200 6, 282,867 433, 517, 823 1928 ------------------------------------- '7,634,683 2,290, 404,900 4, 412, 724 242, 699, 820 1929 ------------------------------------- 7, 978, 709 2, 393, 612, 700 4, 205, 462 231, 300, 410 The decreased tonnage figure for 1929 is due to a decreased ton- nage of foodstuffs, wheat, and building material. The increased value figure for 1929 is due to an increased ton- nage of essential oils, clay and clay products, machinery, and instruments. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet General merchandise..........----------------------------------------------------................................... 24. 7 6-32 ........------------------ Foodstuffs--- 18.9 4-30 -............................................................--------------------------------------- Petroleum products-----------------------------................................................................. 15. 4 4-20 238 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial ssummsary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------...----- $4, 344, 479. 47 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 19301 ---------------------- 1, 148,717.14 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------- 5, 493, 196. 61 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1960---------------- 21, 942.60 -- - -- - -- - - - -- - - - - Net total expenditures 1- - - - - - - - - - - 5, 471, 254. 01 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------- 274, 460. 94 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 '---------- 5, 745, 714. 95 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work Cost of maintenance_--...... -----------. $193.97 $195,482.88 $211, 369. 18 $289, 738.60 $278,025.66 Total expended........----- ------------ 193. 97 195, 482.88 208, 823. 18 282, 481.31 286, 057.72 Allotted----....... -------------------- 300, 000.00 125, 000.00 175,000. 00 250,000.00 397, 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ........... --- -- $163, 018. 66 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved: March 23, 1928----- --------------------- $151, 000.00 May 28, 1930------- --------------------- 250, 000. 00 401, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for --------------------------- 564, 018. 66 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment ------------- 3, 500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for-----------------------560, 518. 66 Gross amount expended--------------------------- -------- 286, 057. 72 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------- 274, 460.94 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------- 21, 942. 60 Balance available June 30, 1930----- --------------- 252, 518. 34 Amount (estimated) required to be'appropriated for completion - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - of existing project 2 1, 510, 600. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 100, 000. 00 For maintenance 30, 000. 00 1----------------------------- Total -------------------------------------------- 230, 000. 00 24. BUTTERMILK CHANNEL, N. Y. Location and description.-This channel connects deep water in the Upper Bay, New York Harbor, southwest of Governors Island, with deep water in East River northeast of Governors Island, and lies between that island and Brooklyn Borough, New York City. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 541.) Original condition.-The channel was obstructed by three shoals: (1) A shoal or sand bar having a least depth of 9.5 feet at mean low water lying northeast of Governors Island about midway between the island and the Atlantic Avenue Ferry in Brooklyn (a narrow 1 Exclusive of $7,885.05 previously expended for work of removal of drift, New York Harbor N. Y. 2Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 239 channel 30 feet deep existed on both sides of this shoal); (2) a shoal with an average depth of 10 to 12 feet at mean low water lying in the eastern side of the channel and extending from Red Hook Point to the entrance to Atlantic Basin; (3) a shoal partly dry at mean low water, extending out from the southern side of Governors Island toward Red Hook Point Shoal (a large part of this shoal has since been covered by the enlargement southwestward of Governors Island); a narrow and crooked channel 30 feet deep at mean low water existed between the two latter shoals. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. It provided for the removal of such part of the shoal lying northeast of Governors Island to a depth of 26 feet at mean low water as would secure a channel width of 850 feet adjacent to the Brooklyn shore; estimated cost, $210,000. (A. R. 1880, p. 506; 1881, p. 629; and 1885, p. 92.) The project was enlarged in 1885 by increasing the width to 1,150 feet, and the cost to $360,000 (A. R. 1885, p. 671), and by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, the project was enlarged by including Red Hook Shoal for removal to a depth of 26 feet at mean low water, and increasing the total estimated cost of the project to $829,000 (A. R. 1893, p. 1051, and H. Doc. No. 26, 51st Cong., 2d sess.). By the terms of the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels, the triangular area between them, Buttermilk Channel, and a small im- provement of Gowanus Canal were consolidated into one improve- ment. (A. R. 1898, p. 755.) The total cost of all previous projects prior to commencing work under the existing project in 1903 was $496,250, and the total expenditures amounted to $496,250. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 1,200 feet wide and not less than 30 feet deep at mean low water, connecting deep water in the Upper Bay southwest of Governors Island with deep water in the East River northeast of Governors Island, and for the collec- tion and removal of drift. Length of section included in the project, 21/4 miles. Mean tidal range, 4.5 feet; mean range of spring tides, 5.5 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 4 feet below mean low water up to 4 feet above mean high water. The estimated cost of new work for a channel 40 feet deep and 1,200 feet wide revised in 1927 is $4,400,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1927) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 122, 56th Cong., 2d sess.). The collection and removal of drift was provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, and August 8, 1917; reported separately. (See p. 274 of this report.) For latest published map see House Document No. 44, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommnended mnodifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 38 terminals with a length of 36,253 feet of available dockage, comprising 25 open-pile piers, 4 crib and concrete bulkheads, 3 open-pile wharves, 4 railroad float bridges, 2 timber ferry racks. Five are owned by the city of New 11714 --ENG 1930----16 240 REPORT OF. CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 York; the remaining 33 are owned by commercial interests engaged largely in foreign trade. Two are open to the public. Twenty- seven are provided with one to five story storage sheds located either on the terminal itself or immediately in the rear. Seven are not sheltered and one is provided with coal pockets; the floor area of the shelter totals 1,438,769 square feet. With the exception of two steam derricks and a coal trestle the cargoes at the terminals are handled by the use of the derricks of the cargo vessel or by the use of floating derricks. The facilities and methods for handling cargo are anti- quated and should be replaced by modern appliances and methods. (For latest full description of terminal facilities see Port Series No. 20, Corps of Engineers.) Buttermilk Channel lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 223 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has resulted in opening up a water front of about 2 miles to deep-draft vessels up to 29 feet draft and in providing a through channel for vessels of that draft between the Upper Bay, New York Harbor, and East River. All of this water front has been built up with large piers, shipyards, and warehouses. Ships which prior to the improvement could not have approached this water front now visit it in large numbers. Operations and results during fiscal year.--United States dipper dredge Hell Gate removed 4,282.5 cubic yards of material from April 7, 1930, to April 13, 1930, at a total cost of $5,066.22, for mainte- nance. The expenditures amounted to $5,068.34. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 2 per cent completed. When examined in May, 1930, the controlling depth through a channel about 500 feet wide was 30 feet at mean low water; shoals in the northerly and southerly areas included within the limits of the project reduce the depth in the westerly side of the channel to 20 feet at mean low water, and immediately opposite Atlantic Basin, adjacent to Governors Island, the depth rapidly de- creased to 6 feet and less at mean low water. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists in increasing the depth of the channel of 1,200 feet project width to 40 feet at mean low water by dredging and rock removal. The total cost of the existing pro- ject up to June 30, 1930, was $250,767.36-$90,000 for new work and $160,767.36 for maintenance-and the total expenditures amounted to $250,767.36. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $0.08. No work is proposed for the fiscal year 1931. It is not proposed to do any further work of improvement in this channel for the present because of the existence of water mains and power cables which supply Governors Island, and which lie close to the surface within the narrowest section. It is, however, believed that maintenance dredging will be necessary during the next two years. Therefore, the sum of $45,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Operate 1 United States seagoing dredge for 2 months, for main- tenance------ ------------------------- ------- $42, 000 Engineering, superintendence, and contingencies -- --- -------- 3, 000 Total---- ____----------_-___ __ ___- 45,000 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 241 Commercial statistics.-The commerce of Buttermilk Channel consisted mainly of imports and exports. The principal classes of commodities handled during the calendar year 1929 were general merchandise, ores, metals and manufactures, foodstuffs, nonmetallic minerals, and machinery and vehicles. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925........ 5, 422, 932 $1,345,185,759 3, 597, 269 1928-....... 4, 808, 447 $1,044,640,599 2, 544, 358 1926........ 4,874,034 1,006, 096, 977 3, 366, 663 1929-..... 5, 638, 000 1,317,344,982 2, 375, 878 1927........ 4, 245, 220 890, 254, 012 3, 015, 090 Exclusive of the following traffic: Car ferry Cargoes in transit Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1925 ------------------------------------------ 553, 459 $166,037, 700 558, 530 $74, 948, 302 1926_ ---- .---------------------------------- 569,162 170, 748, 600 624, 884 28, 881, 735 1927----_..----------------------------------- ----- 560, 424 168, 127, 200 514, 599 23, 774, 474 1928-......---------------------------------------- 541,648 162, 494, 400 1, 645,123 76, 004, 683 1929---------------------------------------- 511, 917 153, 575, 100 1, 165, 955 53, 867, 121 The increased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to an increased tonnage of raw sugar, manufactures of cotton and silk goods and wearing apparel, paper and paper stock and iron and steel. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage drafts of vessels Feet General merchandise...------------.............---------------------------------------- 33. 2 6-30 Ores, metals, and manufactures--------- ...... ......------------..... . 20. 8 6-30 Foodstuffs ------------------------------------------------------------ 18. 5 5-26 Nonmetallic minerals ---------------------------------------------------- 13. 9 5-26 Machinery and vehicles--- ----- ..--------------------------------- 4. 8 6-26 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $586, 250.00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 1--------------------------- 160, 767.36 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 747, 017. 36 - -- ----- ----- ---- ----- ----- ----- - -- -- --- Net total expenditures 747, 017. 36 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------------ .08 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 19301_---- ------ 747, 017. 44 1Exclusive of $2,035.75 previously expended for work of removal of drift, New York Harbor, N. Y. 242: REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work----------------------------------- ------------------- Cost of maintenance- ---------------- $1, 170. 23 $151, 853. 27 $179. 69 $133. 70 $5, 066.22 Total expended......----------------- 1,170.23 151,853.27 179.69 131.58 5, 068. 34 Alloted... ... .. ..---------------------- 200,000.00 I50,000.00 1-58,896.81 ..----------32,700.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------------- $37, 768. 42 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment --------------- 32, 700. 00 Net amount to be accounted for_ ___- -____- ---- 5, 068.42 Gross amount expended ------------------------------------ 5, 068. 34 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------- .08 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion - of existing project 2_ ____________ _ 4, 310, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 for maintenance 2 - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 45, 000.00 25. GOWANUS CREEK CHANNEL, N. Y. Location and description.-Gowanus Creek is a small tidal inlet extending northeasterly about 11/2 miles from the north end of Bay Ridge Channel. The section included for improvement under the title of Gowanus Creek Channel extends from Bay Ridge Channel, at the foot of Twenty-eighth Street, up to Hamilton Avenue Bridge, Brooklyn, a length of about 4,000 feet. The waterway east and northeast of Percival Street is known locally as Gowanus Canal. The channel is shown on United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 369 but is not named; entrance is shown on Chart No. 541. Original condition.-The channel, 150 to 50 feet wide, had an available depth of 11 feet; the channel of 9 feet depth was about 100 feet wider. Navigation extended through Gowanus Creek Channel to the head of navigation more than a mile farther inland through Gowanus Canal. The depths were as great as those immediately outside the creek and were therefore sufficient for such vessels as could enter. Previous projects.-The first project for this improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881, under the appropriation title of " Gowanus Bay" (H. Ex. Doc. No. 48, 46th Cong., 3d sess.) it was enlarged by the terms of the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888, by increasing the channel dimensions below Percival Street; and it was modified by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, by including all that part of the project below Twenty-eighth Street in a new project entitled " Bay Ridge Chan- rnel in Gowanus Bay." The cost and expenditures on the Gowanus Creek section of the improvement prior to commencement of work under the existing project in 1897 are estimated at $75,000. It is impracticable to estimate how much of this sum was applied to maintenance. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1769. Existingprotect.-This provides for a channel 26 feet deep at mean low water, extending eastward from the end of Bay Ridge and 2Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-.FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 243 Red Hook Channels at Twenty-eighth Street, for a distance of about 2,900 feet to the foot of Percival Street, with width decreasing from about 300 feet at its outer or western end to 200 feet at its inner end, and thence to Hamilton Avenue Bridge, 18 feet deep at mean low water, and gradually reducing in width to 100 feet at the bridge, all as limited by harbor lines; also the collection and re- moval of drift. Mean tidal range, 4.7 feet; mean range of spring tides, 5.6 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 4 feet below mean low water up to 4 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1896 was $70,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1881, provided for the 18-foot channel and the act of June 3, 1896, provided for the 26-foot chan- nel. (A. R. 1896, p. 155.) The collection and removal of drift was provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, and August 8, 1917, reported separately. (See p. 274 of this report.) For latest published map of Gowanus Creek see Annual Report for 1903, page 919. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 123 piers and bulkheads used by shipping interests along the water front of this waterway and Gowanus Canal, 4 of which are owned by the State of New York as a barge canal terminal, including a large grain elevator, 14 are owned by the city of New York, 25 are owned and in use by five shipyards; the remainder are either privately or corporately owned and used for various commercial purposes, such as coal and lumber yards and for other local supplies. Two are open to the public; none has rail connections. These terminals occupy practically the whole of the water front. (For latest full description of terminal facilities, see Port Series No. 20, Corps of Engineers.) Gowanus Creek lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority, December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 223 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement upon freight rates can not be determined, but a large increase in commerce has resulted. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The cost of an examination of the channel was $76.59, for' maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $53.59. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1904. The channel was restbred to project depth in 1921. As shown by an examination made by sounding in May, 1930, the controlling depth was 24 feet at mean low water from the entrance up to piers of the South Brooklyn Terminal Co.; above this, through a channel gradually reducing in width to about 100 feet, the depth gradually decreasing to 18 feet at Sigourney Street, and 12 feet about 100 feet below Hamilton Avenue Bridge. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $110,842.29-$70,000 for new work and $40,842.29 for maintenance, and the total ex- penditures amounted to $110,815.04. 244 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY, 1930 Proposed operation.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $402.04. With this it is proposed to pay outstanding liabilities amounting to $27.25 and the cost of an examination of the dredged channel to ascertain its condition, and of miscellaneous investigations, office expenses, and contigencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. It is not believed that dredging for maintenance will be necessary during the next two years. Therefore, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commerial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of coal and coke, building material, general mer- chandise, sulphur, iron and steel, petroleum products, grains, food- stuffs, chemicals, pulpwood, and linseed. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925........ 4, 633, 875 $288, 711, 739 ------------ 1928-........ 4, 432, 415 $254, 622, 538 1, 877 1926........ 4, 555, 555 341, 934, 075 ------------ 1929---....... 4, 960, 222 338, 846, 078 3,194 1927 ....- . 4, 786, 208 391, 549, 058 Exclusive of the following traffic: Car ferry Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925-----....---------------- 72, 210 $21, 663, 000 1928-------------------- 100, 188 $30, 056, 400 1926.....---------------------- 1, 624 487, 200 1929---.... ----------------- 119, 689 35, 906, 700 1927--...............-------------------- 2,067 620, 100 The increased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to an increased tonnage of sulphur, general merchandise, hides and skins, furs, paper stock, fertilizer, iron and steel, and raw wool. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Coal and coke----.............--------------......... --------------------------------------- 24. 4 6-12 Building material ------------------------------------------------------- 23. 7 4-16 General merchandise ..............................................------------------------------------------------------ 9. 7 4-30 ---------------------------------------------------------------.. Sulphur..... ............................... ........ .................... 8. 5 11-26 Iron and steel .....................--------------------------------...---------............--------------- 8.1 10-24 Petroleum products---- ------------------------------------ ------------ 7. 2 6-16 Grains ....---------------------------------------------------------------- 4. 3 6-12 Foodstuffs.......... ------------....................................................--------.. 4. 0 10-24 Chemicals..........................................-------------------------------..-------..--......-----------------------.............. 2. 0 6-24 Pulpwood_ ....... -------------------------------------------------------------- 1. 2 8-18 Linseed..............------------------------------------------.................................................---------------------....... 1. 1 14-26 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 245 Cost and f nanoia summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__------------------------ $145,000.00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930___------------------ ----- 40, 842. 29 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-----------185, 842.29 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------- 27.25 Net total expenditures ------------------------------ 1 185, 815. 04 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 402.04 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------186, 217.08 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------- --- ------ --------- Cost of maintenance--- ------ ------------------------------- $22.68 $64.25 $76.59 Total expended-------------------- ------------------------ 84. 37 60. 00 53. 59 Allotted---....--------.--.--------------------------- $100. 00 500. 00 ...................... Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 " $455.63 Gross amount expended--------------------------------------- 53. 59 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_--- 4________--------- 42.. 4 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 -------------------------------- 272 Balance available June 30, 1930_ .... --------------- __ -- 374. 79 26. EAST RIVER, N. Y. Location and description.-The East River is a tidal strait about 16 miles long and 600 to 4,000 feet wide, connecting Hudson River and the Upper Bay at the Battery, New York City, with Long Island Sound at Throgs Neck, New York City, and separating Long Island from the mainland. The stretch between the north end of Blackwells Island and Negro Point Bluff is known as Hell Gate. The Harlem River joins the East River at Wards Island, In Hell Gate; they are also connected by Little Hell Gate between Wards and Randalls Island, and by Bronx (Harlem) Kills between Ran- dalls Island and the mainland. Five bridges, having a vertical clearance at mean high water of 135 feet, cross the river between the Battery and Lawrence Point. From the Battery to Port Morris, a distance of 103/4 miles, both shores are occupied by wharves, prac- tically continuously, except where shoals or currents prevent access. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 223, 226, and 369. ) Original condition.--A channel through the East River for sea- going vessels existed but was rendered dangerous by rocks and reefs scattered throughout the section extending from the Battery to Barretto Point, the existence of many of which was not known until struck by vessels. In Hell Gate, navigators had the choice of three channels, all of which were very narrow and wound through nu- merous scattering rocks and reefs, and the tidal currents were 1 Exclusive of $2,611.68 previously expended for work of removal of drift, New York Harbor, N. Y. 246 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 exceedingly strong; these conditions rendered navigation through the Gate extremely hazardous. The widths of these channels ranged from approximately 100 to 200 feet, and their mean low-water depths from about 19 feet up to 26 feet and over. Elsewhere in the river the channel of 26 feet controlling depth ranged in width up to probably 500 feet or more. The original depths over the rocks and reefs are given under Condition at end of fiscal year. Previous projects.-Prior to 1852 there was appropriated by other than river and harbor acts $13,861.59, which sum was expended in increasing the depth over various rocks in Hell Gate. On August 20, 1852, Congress appropriated $20,000 for the removal of "rocks at Hell Gate and Diamond Reef." A new project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1868, which was subsequently modified in 1874 (A. R. 1874, p. 165) and at various times there- after, and was enlarged by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1899, and June 25, 1910. As modified and enlarged the project provided for the removal of obstructions to the former projected depths given in the table in the paragraph Condition at end of f6cal year. The total estimated cost of all work under previous projects prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1917 was $8,791,044.59, and the total cost and expendi- tures amounted to $6,239,219.04-$6,201,555.09 for new work and $37,663.95 for maintenance. The work accomplished under these projects is stated in paragraph Condition at end of fiscal year. Existing project.-This provides for channels of the following dimensions (depths refer to mean low water) : From deep water in the Upper New York Bay to the Brooklyn Navy Yard, 40 feet deep and 1,000 feet wide; from the Brooklyn Navy Yard to Throgs Neck, 35 feet deep, with widths varying from about 550 feet to 1,000 feet, according to locality; east of Blackwells Island up to English Place, Long Island City, 30 feet deep and varying in width from 500 feet to 900 feet, with widening in the approach from the main channel; between South Brother and Berrian Islands, 20 feet deep and 300 feet wide, with widening in the approach from the main channel; for the removal of Coenties Reef to a depth of 40 feet, local interests paying the cost of the work below a depth of 35 feet; also the removal of the following rocks and reefs lying outside of the limit- ing lines of the main channel to give access to wharves: Along the Brooklyn shore, Brooklyn Bridge to Manhattan Bridge (Fulton Ferry Reef), to a depth of 25 feet; Jay Street Reef, 25 feet; Corlears Reef, 35 feet; Shell Reef, 25 feet; Horns Hook, 40 feet; Rhinelander Reef, 26 feet; and reef off Oak Point, 3Q feet; for the construction of a dike in Pot Cove in Hell Gate. The length of the section included in the improvement is about 16 miles. The mean range of tides varies according to locality, from 4 feet at the Brooklyn Navy Yard and 4.4 feet at the Battery to 5 feet at Hallets Point, 6.3 feet at Port Morris, and 7.1 feet at the eastern entrance at Throgs Neck; mean range of spring tides, 5.3, 6.1, 7.4, and 8.4 feet, respectively; irregular flucutations due to wind and barometric pressure vary according to locality from 4 feet below mean low water at the Battery, 3.5 feet at the navy yard, and 4 feet below at Throgs RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 247 Neck up to about 4 feet above mean high water at the Battery and 4.5 feet above mean high water at Throgs Neck; extreme fluctuations do not affect navigation interests adversely to a serious extent. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1928, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, is $40,000,000. The lat- est (1921) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $25,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: Public Resolution No. 67, Sixty-third Congress, third session, March 3, 1915, provided for the removal of Coenties Reef to a depth of 35 feet (H. Doc. No. 188, 63d Cong., 1st sess.), condi- tioned upon local cooperation increasing the depth to 40 feet; the act of July 27, 1916, provided for a channel 1,000 feet wide and 35 feet deep across Diamond Reef (H. Doc. No. 188, 63d Cong., 1st sess.); and the acts of August 8, 1917, and July 18, 1918, provided for a depth of 40 feet across Diamond Reef and through East River and Hell Gate (H. Doc. No. 140, 65th Cong., 1st sess.), and for the remaining items under the existing project (H. Doc. No. 188, 63d Cong., 1st sess.); the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, modified the existing project by limiting the depth to be made in the through channel between Brooklyn Navy Yard and Throgs Neck to 35 feet, and provided for the removal of certain rocks and reefs and the construction of a dike in Pot Cove (H. Com. Doc. No. 3, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is printed in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modiifcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Public Resolution No. 67 (63d Cong., 3d sess.), approved March 3, 1915, authorized the removal of Coenties Reef to a depth of 35 feet at mean low water on condition that the city of New York or other local interests provide for its further removal to a depth of 40 feet at mean low water. On February 4, 1916, the city of New York met this condition by adopting a resolu- tion appropriating $240,000 for the removal of the reef as required. (See under Condition at end of fiscal year.) Prior to 1913 local interests expended unknown amounts in the partial removal of Coenties Reef and in the construction of a dike connecting Bread and Cheese Reef with Blackwells Island. Terminal facilities.-Both shores of the East River from the Bat- tery, Manhattan Borough, to Hunts Point, east of Hell Gate, a length of about 12 miles, are occupied by 397 terminals except in limited sections where access is prevented by eddies and swift cur- rents or by shoal water. The terminals consist of piers, bulkheads, warehouses equipped with modern appliances for handling freight, modern coal piers, bridges for the transfer of cars to and from floats, marine railways, dry docks, and ferry racks. Forty-three per cent of the terminals are owned by the city of New York, 6 per cent are owned by railroads, 3 per cent by the United States, and 1 per cent by the State of New York. The remaining 47 per cent are either privately or corporately owned. The total available dockage meas- ured around piers and along bulkheads in use for commercial pur- poses is about 175,278 linear feet. The United States Navy Depart- ment occupies about 2,700 feet of direct water front in Brooklyn 248 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Borough as a navy yard for the construction and repair of all classes of naval vessels, including large battleships of the dreadnaught class. Some of the terminals owned by the city are open to the public, some are leased for commercial purposes, and some are used by city departments. Privately owned and leased terminals are used exclusively for commercial purposes; none is open to the public. Most of the terminals are efficient in respect to the method of handling freight. The methods in use vary from the most modern freight-handling appliances to hand trucks. The appliance insTalled is generally that believed to be the best adapted for use in transfer- ring the particular class of freight to be handled. A few terminals in Long Island City and a few at Port Morris have direct railroad connection. All terminals are reached by well-paved highways in good condition. In an endeavor to keep pace with the growing commerce of New York Harbor the city authorities are constantly adding to and im- proving the terminals in the East River and elsewhere in the harbor. Private capital is also being largely applied to the construction and enlargement of terminals and the State of New York has completed the construction of four large barge canal terminals. In 1917 the States of New York and New Jersey enacted legisla- tion creating a joint harbor-development commission. This com- mission made a study of the port as a whole, and under date of De- cember 16, 1920, submitted its report to the governors of the respec- tive States, together with comprehensive plans and recommenda- tions. The East River throughout its length lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Au- thority, December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 223 of this report. For latest full description of terminal facilities, see Port Series No. 20, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-While the benefits derived from the im- provement can not be shown by its influence on freight rates or directly by the increase in tonnage, the commerce of the river is so enormous, both in tonnage and value, that every improvement which facilitates and lessens the dangers to navigation in this water- way is unquestionably justified. Perhaps the most obvious effect of the improvement is the increase in the number of vessels of large tonnage up to 30 feet draft using the river. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The following work was accomplished under contract. Diamond Reef Channel (chacnnel betw en Upper Bay, New York Harbor and Brooklyn Navy Yard, and Horns Hook Reef).-Under contract dated February 14, 1927, for dredging and rock removal, drilling and blasting was in progress from September 29 to Novem- ber 11, 1929, and from January 21 to April 10, 1930, and dredging was in progress from May 16 to June 30, 1930. There were dredged and disposed of 3,746 cubics yards of blasted rock and 7,286 cubic yards of other material, all place measurement, from Diamond Reef Channel at a cost of $105,117.79, all for new work. The contract is about 75 per cent completed. Corlears Reef.-Under contract dated October 20, 1924, for dredg- ing and rock removal, dredging in progress on June 30, 1929, was RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 249 resumed September 14, 1929, and continued to October 8, 1929; and was in progress from November 1, 1929, to January 4, 1930, and from March 9, 1930, to March 12, 1930. Sweeping and removal of minor shoals was in progress from April 1 to June 30, 1930. There were removed and disposed of 12,404 cubic yards of blasted rock and 13,445 cubic yards of other material, all place measurement, at a cost of $98,950.96, all for new work. Work under contract was dis- continued by contractor July 1, 1930, it being considered completed. Hell Gate Channel.-Under contract dated October 31, 1928, for dredging and rock removal, drilling and blasting in progress on June 30, 1929, was continued from July 1 to September 28, 1929, and from November 15, 1929, to April 2, 1930, and dredging was in progress from July 1 to July 7, from July 23 to September 9, 1929, and from March 25 to May 16, 1930. There were removed and dis- posed of 51,708 cubic yards of blasted rock, place measurement, at a cost of $533,211.24, all for new work. The contract is about 65 per cent completed. Lower Shell Reef, Rhinelander Reef, and Reef off North Point of North Brother Island.-Under contract dated November 2, 1928, for dredging and rock removal, drilling and blasting in progress on June 30,.1929, was continued from July 1, 1929, to March 12, 1930, and dredging was in progress from July 1 to 6, August 1 to October 1, and November 1 to 23, 1929, and from January 8 to 21, March 13 to April 7, April 29 to May 19, and May 27 to June 11, 1930. There were removed and disposed of 57,116 cubic yards of blasted rock and 17,002 cubic yards of other material, all place measure- ment, at a cost of $502,602.27, all for new work. The contract is about 93 per cent completed. The following work was accomplished by use of Government plant and the hire of labor. Dredge Hell Gate removed and disposed of material, as follows: Fulton Ferry Reef.-March 26 to April 7, 1930, removed and dis- posed of 4,563 cubic yards of mixed material, scow measurement, at a cost of $11,488.88, for new work. Lower Shell Reef.-February 10 to March 3, 1930, removed and disposed of 5,715 cubic yards of material, scow measurement, at a cost of $17,336.36 for new work. West Channel, Blacewells Island.--July 1 to October 4, and No- vember 1 to December 27, 1929, removed and disposed of 43,014 cubic yards of mixed material, scow measurement, at a cost of $98,104.99, for new work. East Channel, Blackwells Island.-December28, 1929, to February 10, 1930, March 3 to 25, April 14 to 18, and May 21 to June 30, 1930, removed and disposed of 84.080 cubic yards of mixed material, scow measurement, at a cost of $65,723.06, for new work. Shoal off Whitestone.-April 19 to May 20, 1930, removed 42,805 cubic yards of material, scow measurement, at a cost of $18,286.48, for new work. Drill boat Corlear has been out of commission since March 3, 1926. Derrick boat E. R. 101 was employed intermittently during the fiscal year in removing scattering shoals and wreckage obstructing and endangering navigation at various localities between the Bat- 250 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY 1930 tery and Barretto Point, removing a total of 482 cubic yards of material. In prosecuting this work, the river was examined by sweeping at each locality for the purpose of locating the obstruction and also to determine the condition of the channel in the vicinity of the work. The total cost was $24,731.03, all for new work. Investigations of tidal and current phenomena so far as they may have a bearing on projected or contemplated improvements were continued to the extent necessary to keep the records pertaining thereto up to date, at a cost of $6,652.76, for maintenance. The cost of special surveys, miscellaneous investigations, and con- tingencies was $4,642.50, for new work. The total cost of all work was $1,486,848.32-$1,480,195.56 for new work, and $6,652.76 for maintenance, and the expenditures amounted to $1,513,032.96. Condition at end of fiscal year.--Under the previous project adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1868, as modified and enlarged, about 631/2 per cent of the work contemplated therein had been completed up to the date of the adoption of the existing project, August 8, 1917. The construction of the dike at Mill Rock was completed by the United States in 1882, and the dike at Bread and Cheese Reef was completed by the city of New York in 1881. The existing project is about 47 per cent completed. About 75 per cent of the work required to complete the removal of Coenties Reef to the project depth of 40 feet at mean low water (see under Local cooperation) had been accomplished when the contract for doing the work was canceled on December 11, 1922; the United States has practically completed its share of the work, but no work has been done on the reef by the city of New York since the annulment. The controlling depth from deep water in the Upper Bay to deep water in the East River off Old Slip, Manhattan, is 35 feet at mean low water through a channel about 500 feet wide; the rock section off Governors Island in the southern half (500 feet in width) of the Diamond Reef Channel has been deepened to 40 feet; a reef situated in about midstream off Old Slip tnd directly over the tunnel connecting Old Slip, Manhattan, with Clark Street, Brooklyn, has been removed to depth of 40 feet; a rock shoal in about midstream off Pier 8, Manhattan, and another off Pier 15, Brooklyn, have been removed to a depth of 40 feet; with the exception of about 300 feet in length off Jay Street, that part of the shoal known as Jay Street Reef, lying within the main channel of 40 feet depth, is believed to have been removed to project depth; work done in the section of this reef lying shoreward from the main channel has increased the least depth to 29 feet at mean low water. Work on this reef was discontinued pending the completion of work in progress under a contract for increasing the depth over Corlears Reef. Work in Corlears Reef is about completed. Shell Reef has been deepened to 25 feet at mean low water except where obstructed by a number of scattering shoals. The work of drilling and blasting in the main channel at Shell Reefls thought to be nearly completed, but a con- siderable quantity of the blasted rock has yet to be removed by dredging. The project east channel at Blackwells (Welfare) Island RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 251 has been dredged to a depth of 30 feet at mean low water except along the easterly side over tunnels at First and at Fifth Streets, Long Island City, where the depth is 25 feet at mean low water; Charlotte Rock has been removed to a depth of 30 feet. A channel 900 feet wide has been excavated off the mouth of Newtown Creek, connecting deep water off 'East Twentieth Street with deep water in the west channel at Blackwells Island off West Thirtieth Street, Manhattan; 600 feet in width of this channel in the western side has been excavated to a depth of 40 feet and 300 feet in the eastern side to a depth of 35 feet at mean low water. The reef off East Thirty-second Street has been removed to a depth of 40 feet; Ferry Reef has been removed to a depth of 35 feet; a section of Man-of-War Reef lying within the limits of the main channel has been deepened to 35 feet; Horns Hook Reef has been removed to 40 feet; Rhine- lander Reef has been dredged to 26 feet; a channel of 32 feet depth between Hallets Point and Mill Rocks, through Hell Gate, has a minimum width of 500 feet; Pot Rock in Hell Gate, and Negro Point Reef have been removed to a depth of 35 feet; the channel of 35 feet depth on the eastern side of Middle Ground has been widened to 325 feet; North Brother Island Reef has been removed to a depth of 35 feet; reef off North Point of North Brother Island has been deepened to 35 feet, and rocky reefs between Oak Point and Barretto Point have been removed to 30 feet. As shown by survey made in February, 1928, the controlling mean low-water depth in the channel between South Brother and Berrian Islands has been increased from the original depth of 9.6 feet to 15.5 feet. There is now available for navigation a channel 35 feet deep at mean low water and 500 feet wide connecting deep water in the Upper Bay, New York Harbor, with deep water in the East River off Old Slip, Manhattan; thence, a channel 40 feet and over in depth and of varying but navigable width is available up to Hell Gate; the controlling depth in Hell Gate is 32 feet through a channel 500 feet wide; the east channel of 35 feet and over in depth at Middle Ground, off Sunken Meadow, is 325 feet wide, and the west channel of the same depth is 200 feet wide; thence, to Clason Point the depth is 35 feet and over through a channel not less than 700 feet wide, and thence, to Throgs Neck at Long Island Sound, 37 feet and not less than 1,000 feet wide. The controlling depth of the through east channel of navigable width at Blackwells Island is 24 feet at mean low water; the controlling depth up to English Place (now Forty-third Street) is 30 feet. As a result of the work done under all projects, rocks and reefs have been removed to the depths shown in the following table. 252 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1930 Distance Least Least Former Present Locality water original byBatteryom present projected projected depth depth depth depth Battery Miles Feet Feet 26 Feet26 Feet26 Battery Reef 1 Battery 1 _0_12..8.181O81. Reef1-------------------------------- 0 12. 8 18 18 18 2 South Ferry Reef 1---------------------------- 0 17 19 26 26 3 Diamond Reef = _......-----------.y. 15. 7 20. 3 25 25 4 Reef off Diamond Reef S .--- - -- . 19 26 26 26 5 Coenties Reef 8.... -....... _ 14. 3 30. 7 26 40 6 Fulton Ferry Reef 1- -- ----- / 12 21.3 25 7 Jay Street Reef 1 --------- 2---------- 14. 5 25 8 Corlears Reef 1----------- --- 2 11. 8 35 35 9 Third Street Reef 4----.----.---... ---.--.-.. 3 15. 9 27 19 25 10 Shell Reef 4---- .-- ...-.-..-.-- . ---.---.. 2 -4 7. 5 15. 5 18 25 11 Pilgrim Rock a-------------------------------- 3 12 25 25 25 12 Twenty-sixth Street Reef a_____________________ 4 16. 1 25 26 25 13 Charlotte Reef 6___________________-______ 4 14. 7 30 26 30 14 Thirty-second Street Reef-----------.--...-_ 41, 28. 7 40 26 35 15 Ferry Reef -- 4 --------------------------................................... 7 35 26 35 16 Man-of-War Rock 4__________________-_________ 44 0.8 26 26 26 17 Horns Hook Reef._- _-------------------------7 22 40 _____ 40 18 Rhinelander Reef_------_--------------_ 7% 9.4 26 26 26 19 Middle Reef 47_____- -- -- -- 7 6 26 26 35 20 Heel Tap Rock-- ------- 7 12.1 20. 5 26 21 Hallets Point Reef 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7-------___4 26 35 35 22 Frying Pan Reef r . . . .. . . .. 7% 9 26 26 35 23 Pot Rock._.._---..----------------------. . 8 8 35 26 35 24 - - 4r....-.----.......-.-.- Shell Drake4- Rock - -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- - 8 8 26 26 35 25. Ways Reef _ 83 5 26 26 26 26 Negro Point Reef 4_'---- __ -__ _ ----- 9 0.0 35 26 35 27 Reef C--__-- ---------------------------- 9 33.7 33.7 40 28 Middle Ground 7.-------------------------- 10 11 14. 5 26 35 29 Reef off North Brother Island 7.................--- 10 16 35 26 35 30 North Point of North Brother Island 4.......... 11 4. 3 35 35 31 Reef off Oak Point 7.-- ----------- 11% 12. 6 30 30 32 Rocks off Barretto Point 4_' _ __------- 11%.---------- 35 _____ 35 33 Barretto Reef 4.----------------------------. 114 17 32. 8 26 35 1 Such parts of these reefs as project into the proposed deep-water channels are to be removed to the project depth of 40 feet. 2 Such parts of these reefs as project into the proposed deep-water channel have been removed to the project depth of 40 feet. 8 Cost of removal to 35-foot depth to be paid by United States; local interests to pay for cost of work below that depth. 4 Such parts of these reefs as project into the proposed deep-water channel are to be removed to the project depth of 35 feet. 6 Included in area No. 10 (Shell Reef) to be deepened to 25 feet. s.Included in the proposed deep-water channel east of Blackwells Island for removal to the project depth of 30 feet. 7 Included in the proposed deep-water channel for removal to 35 feet. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $18,642,062.27--$18,405,807.94 for new work and $236,254.33 for maintenance, and the total expenditures amounted to $19,738,711.82. Proposed operation.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $1,711,471.83. With this it is proposed to prosecute work, as follows: Complete by September 30, 1930, under a contract in force, the widening of the rock section of Diamond Reef Channel by dredging and rock removal to project depth of 40 feet at mean low water, for improvement. Amount remaining to be earned__ $195, 964. 31 Complete by September 1, 1930, under a continuing contract in force, the removal of rock areas in Shell Reef, for improve- ment. Amount remaining to be earned ___-------------- --- 50, 708. 14 Complete by June 1, 1931, by dredging and rock removal under a continuing contract in force, the removal of Middle Reef, Frying Pan Reef, part of Holmes Rock, and scattering rock shoals in Hell Gate, for improvement, at a total cost of $1,086,076.26. Amount remaining to be earned by contractor---------------- 340, 228.27 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 253 Dredging and rock removal in west channel, Welfare Island, under a continuing contract to be entered into at an estimated cost of $900,000, for improvement. For contractors' earnings up to June 30, 1931- ------------------------------- $450, 000. 00 Operate U. S. dredge Hell Gate and auxiliary plant and U. S. derrick boat E. R. 101 in removing shoal areas between the Battery and Throes Neck. for improvement (November 1, 1930- June 30, 1931) ----------------------------------------- 325, 000. 00 Payment of outstanding liabilities----------------------- ------ 175, 063.51 General field expenses, including surveys, inspection, miscella-, neous investigations, and contingencies-------------------- 124, 507.60 Engineering, superintendence, and administration---_ ------------ 50, 000. 00 Total ------------------- ------------------------ 1, 711, 471. 83 The sum of $1,675,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, in prosecuting work of improvement, as follows : For payment to contractor of amount to be earned in fiscal year 1932, under continuing contract--------------------- ----- $450, 000 Widen Middle Ground area under continuing contract by dredging and rock removal--- ---- ------------------------- 550, 000 Widen Diamond Reef Channel to project width by dredging and rock removal----------- ------------- 200, 000 Operate U. S. dredge Hell Gate, including auxiliary plant, and U. S. derrick boat E. R. 101 ------------------------------------- 325, 000 Engineering, superintendence, and contingencies ----------------- 150, 000 Total ----------------------------------------- ----- 1, 675, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of coal, petroleum products, building material, foodstuffs, ashes, rubbish, and general merchandise. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Year year 25, 017, 288 $2,037,841,188 1925-------- 32, 999, 931 1928 .......27,389, 934 $1,782,147,439 35, 753, 619 1926 ....... 40, 730, 692 7,007, 048,062 90, 803, 896 1929----.... 30,376,981 1,958, 989, 730 40, 681, 552 1927........ 27, 067, 744 3, 998, 736, 542 33, 908, 449 Exclusive of the following traffic: Car ferry Cargoes in transit Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value . 1925----- ------- _-_-_------------- - 11, 767, 606 $3, 530, 281, 800 17, 645, 878 $602, 922, 327 1926_ 12, 791, 393 3, 837, 417, 900 24, 500,149 1, 094, 786, 406 1927-----------------------__----_ .. 14, 980, 511 4, 494,153, 300 18,101, 402 808, 751, 304 1923_--------------____-.__.. - _ --- 15, 063, 223 4, 518, 966, 900 24, 868, 825 1, 111, 636, 47$ 1929_ ----- ____ -------------------- __ _ 13, 185, 088 3, 955, 526, 400 30, 679, 230 1, 373, 815, 919 The increased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to an increased tonnage of petroleum products, building material, coal and coke; and an increased valuation, per ton, of textile manufactures and manufactures of cotton. 254 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Coal ---------------- ----------------------------------------------- 31.0 6-16 Petroleum products--.........---------------------------------------------------- 13. 0 6-16 Building material.....--------- ---------------------------------------------- 12. 2 4-24 Foodstuffs- ------------------------------------------------------------ ---- 10.1 6-28 Ashes and rubbish ------------------------ ------------------------------- 9. 8 6-10 General merchandise..............------------------------------------------------------ 7.9 6-32 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------------------- - $24, 607, 363.03 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930- --.--------- - 1273, 918. 28 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------24, 881, 281.31 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 , 237, 531.01 1--------- Net total cost to June 30, 1930-------------- _ 26, 118, 812. 32 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------ 34, 182. 05 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930-------------------- 26, 152, 994. 37 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_- -- _____------- 175, 063. 51 Net total expenditures__ --- ____-_____-------125, 977, 930. 86 Unexpected balance June 30, 1930 ------------------------- 1, 711,471. 83 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ----------- 27, 689, 402.69 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.... $2, 165, 366. 99 $1, 360, 433. 77 ..------------ $819, 321. 93 $1, 478, 666. 52 $1, 480, 195. 56 Cost of maintenance-------------........... 9, 522. 24 16, 935. 99 8, 095. 53 5, 854. 95 6, 652. 76 Total cost--------------._ . 2,174, 889. 23 1, 377, 369. 76 827, 417.46 1, 484, 521.47 1, 486, 848. 32 Total expended--------------................ 2, 174, 889. 23 1, 377, 369. 76 938, 299. 52 1, 444, 759. 89 1, 513, 032. 96 Allotted.......-------------------- , 961, 400. 00 688, 000. 00 1, 174, 400. 00 587, 000.00 406, 450. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------- ----------------- $2,818, 054.79 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved May 28, 1930-- ____----_------_ __. ----------- 900, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-------------------------3, 718, 054. 79 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment -- ------- - 493, 550. 00 Net amount to be accounted for- - ---- --------- 3, 224, 504. 79 Gross amount expended- - -_---__- ----- $1, 513, 354.10 Less receipts from sales -------------- 321. 14 1, 513, 032. 96 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930- ------------- 1, 711, 471.83 1 Exclusive of $60,866.35 previously expended for work of removal of drift, New York Harbor, N. Y. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 255 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------ $175, 063. 51 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts------- 586, 900. 72 $761, 964. 23 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------- 949, 507, 60 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 34, 182. 05 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930---------- --- 983, 689. 65 Amount (estimated) 2required to be appropriated for completion - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---- ----- -- of existing projects - 19, 882, 700. 00 Amount that can be profitably - expended - - - - - - - - in - - fiscal - - - - - year - - - - - ending - - - - - - June 30, 1932, for new work 1, 675, 000. 00 27. WALLABOUT CHANNEL, N. Y. Location and description.-This channel is a tidal branch of East River, N. Y., about 2.5 miles by water northeast of the Battery. It is located on the east side of the river in the bight of a bend, behind what was formerly an island known as Cob Dock, and is divided by a stone causeway, the property of the United States, into a north and south section. The north section is the one under improvement by the United States. It is 230 to 350 feet wide and 2,000 feet long. The south section is utilized by the United States as a navy yard. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 3694.) Original condition.-The channel was about 15 feet deep at mean low water and from 40 to 160 feet wide. The length from East River to the stone causeway was and is about 0.4 mile, and thence Wal- labout Basin, a small arm, extended southwardly about 1,300 feet to the head of navigation. Previous projects.-None. Eistiing project.-This provides for a channel 20 feet deep at mean low water, 230 to 350 feet wide, and about 2,000 feet long. Mean tidal range, 4 feet; mean range of spring tides, 4.8 feet; irregu- lar fluctuations, due to wind and barometric pressure, vary from about 3.5 feet below mean low water up to about 4 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1898, was $40,000. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 50, 55th Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modiflcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. From time to time local interests have done minor dredging in front of their own wharves. Terminal facilities.-The entire channel front is occupied by 13 piers, 19 bulkheads, and 1 railroad float bridge; the total available dockage is 17,798 feet. Thirteen of these terminals are owned by the city of New York, three by a railroad company, one by a gas company, and the remainder by private individuals or corporations. Six have railroad connections and three are open to the public. The terminals are used mainly for the delivery and storage of local supplies, such as building materials, coal, ice, farm products, and 2 Exclusive of available funds. 11714---ENG 1930 -- 17 256 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 general merchandise; they are equipped with cargo-handling facili- ties suited to the character of freight handled, and which appear to be adequate under existing conditions. There is no space left avail- able for the construction of additional terminals. (For latest full description of terminal facilities see Port Series No. 20, Corps of Engineers.) Wallabout Channel lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority, De- cember 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 223 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-This channel has opened up a consider- able water front, which is utilized to its full capacity and has ren- dered transportation easier and better. It serves a good purpose as a terminal for the interchange of freight from water carriage to 'land carriage. Operations and results dZring fiscal year.-None. The cost of an examination of the channel was $104.74, for maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $91.12. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1900 at a saving of $21,826 under the estimated cost. The controlling mean low-water depth, as shown by soundings taken in May, 1930, was 20 feet through a channel 160 feet wide; the depth within project channel limits decreases westwardly to a minimum of about 12 feet, and eastwardly, to a minimum of about 10 feet. The total cost of existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $36,847.68-- $18,173.69 for new work and $18,673.99 for maintenance, and the total expenditures amounted to $36,831.68. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $68.32. With this it is proposed to pay outstanding liabilities amounting to $16 and the cost of an examination of the dredged channel to ascertain its condition. It is not believed that dredging for maintenance will be necessary during the next two years. Therefore, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of coal, building material, garbage, and general merchandise. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925 .........------------------- 2, 156,498 $36, 329, 260 1928-------------------1, 516, 917 $34, 609, 703 1926-_------------------- , 070, 043 20, 876, 405 ------------------- 1929 ......... 1, 237, 026 32, 944, 720 1927..................----------------- 1, 378, 214 23, 142, 094 Exclusive of the following traffic: CAR FERRY Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925-------------------- 673,126 $201,937,800 1928 --------------------- ..... 834, 118 $250,235,400 1926__-------------------- 485, 539 145, 661, 700 1929--------------------- 696, 762 209, 028, 600 , 1927 -------------------- 822, 868 246,860, 400 Passengers carried, none. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 257 The decrease in tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to a decreased tonnage of building material, garbage, and petroleum products. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Coal _-- _---------------------------------------------_. . -----... 53. 4 6-12 Building material __ _--------.... .....-----------.-----------------..------------.. 19.6 5-16 Garbage -------------------------- 16. 0 5-10 General merchandise_ 7.8 10-22 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930111111111111111111 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------- 1 $18, 173. 1----------------8, 673. 99 69 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------36, 847.68 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930---__------------------- 16. 0 Net total expenditures------------------- ------------ 36, 831.68 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ------ ---- 6---- 68. 32 -- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 36, 900. 00 I. 1 , 1 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work . ....---------------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance.....--------------- ----------------------------------- $42. 94 $104. 74 Total expended ------------------------------------------------------- 40. 56 91. 12 Allotted. ....... .... ------------------------ .-------------------------........ $200.00I------------------ Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_----- ...............- _____- $159. 44 Gross amount expended -------------------------------------- 91.12 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------- 68. 32 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930___--- --------------- ___--16. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930__- -------- -- 52. 32 28. NEWTOWN CREEK, N. Y. Location and description.-Newtown Creek is a tidal arm of East River, N. Y., and forms a part of the boundary between the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, New York City. The mouth of the creek is nearly opposite Thirty-fourth Street, Manhattan, and 4 miles northeast from the Battery. Its length is about 4 miles, with widths varying from 125 to 800 feet. About 23/4 miles above its mouth it divides into two branches, termed the East Branch and English Kil1% or West Branch. About 4,000 feet above the mouth a tributary Dutch Kills, 3,000 feet long, enters the creek fron the east, anJ almost directly opposite another tributary, Whale Creek, 2,000 feet long, enters it from the west. Maspeth Creek, 3,550 feet long, 258 REPORT OF CHIEF .OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 branches off to the southeastward 21/4 miles above the mouth of the creek. Mussel Island, included in the existing project for removal, is situated just above the junction of Maspeth Creek with the main stream. The drainage area embraces about 7 square miles, for the most part densely built up to the banks of the creek. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 369 4.) Originalcondition.--In 1857 the creek varied in width from 140 to 1,200 feet. Depths ranged from 0 to 17 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation in both branches for a 6-foot draft was at Metro- politan Avenue; the head of navigation in the West Branch is now about 2,500 feet south of a drawbridge at Metropolitan Avenue; the head of navigation in the East Branch remains unchanged. The total length, including tributaries, was about 5.7 miles. By 1880 the mouth of the creek had shoaled to 12.5 feet. Previous project.-The original project, adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, was modified and extended by the river and harbor acts of July 5, 1884 (A. R. 1884, p. 107) and June 3, 1896. The total cost of work under the project as modified was $527,530.58. The cost of new work and maintenance can not be separately stated with accuracy, the division in the early years being indeterminable; an approximate estimate is, that $401,260.51 was for new work and $126,270.07 was for maintenance. The total expenditures prior to commencing work under the existing project in 1919 was $527,530.58. For further details of previous projects see page 1769 of Annual Report for 1915. S isti2 project.--This provides for a channel 23 feet deep and 130 feet wide from the East River to a point about 150 feet north of Maspeth Avenue; for a turning basin in the vicinity of Mussel Island; for dredging a triangular area lying on the north side of the entrance to the creek; for a channel 20 feet deep at mean low water elsewhere in Newtown Creek, including Dutch Kills, Maspeth Creek and English Kills, and of the following widths: 125 feet wide from Maspeth Avenue to Metropolitan Avenue on the East Branch, including the removal of Mussel Island; 150 feet wide in English Kills, or West Branch, to the Metropolitan Avenue Bridge across said branch, including the easing of bends; 100 feet wide for a dis- tance of 2,000 feet up Maspeth Creek; and 75 to 100 feet wide for a distance of 2,800 feet up Dutch Kills, with a turning basin at the head. The total length of channel included in the project is about 25,000 feet. Mean tidal range, 4.2 feet; mean range of spring tides, 5 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from about 3.5 feet below mean low water up to about 4 feet :above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $1,151,500, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1{930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 936, 64th Cong., 1st sess.), provided for depths of 20 feet; and July 3, 1930 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 42, 71st Cong., 2d sess.), provided for the 23-foot channel. A modification of harbor lines in the vicinity of Mussel Island was aplroved by the Secretary of War January 21, 1920, and :a concordant minor modification of the project without change in the estimate of.cost was approved by authority of the Secretary of RIVERS AND HARBORS---IRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 259 War March 22, 1920. The latest published maps are in the project documents. Recomnwnded modiffcation of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, requires that all land needed for right of way be furnished without cost to the United States, and provides that no work shall be done in Maspeth Creek, in the removal of Mussel Island, or in English Kills, until this has been done in each case and corresponding changes made in existing harbor lines; also that no work shall be undertaken under the existing project in Dutch Kills until the ob- structive bridges near its mouth have been suitably modified. The lands needed in Maspeth Creek, Mussel Island, and the East Branch have been ceded to the United States by the city of New York by deed. No action has been taken by the city authorities leading to the cession of land needed for right of way in English Kills or West Branch. The work of modifying the bridges near the mouth of Dutch Kills was completed in 1923. Local interests at various times dredged for maintenance in front of their wharves. They have also expended large sums in extending the channel in the West Branch from the Metropolitan Avenue Bridge southward, a distance of about 2,500 feet, to the present head of navigation at Johnson Avenue. This extension is about 160 feet wide and 6 to 12 feet deep at mean low water. Extensive bulkheading, dredging, and filling has also been done in the Dutch Kills Branch' by private interests. Terminal facilities.-The length of water front measured along both sides of the projected improvements is 81/2 miles, of which 61/2 miles are bulkheaded and 2 miles, near the head of the stream, are yet undeveloped. The total available dockage is 48,910 feet, of which the State of New York owns 903 feet as a barge-canal terminal, the city of New York owns 2,615 feet, and 4,866 feet are owned by rail- road companies. The remainder, 40,526 feet, is owned by firms and corporations doing business on the creek. Twenty-three terminals have railroad connections, and three, two of which are owned by the city of New York and one by the State of New York and used as a barge-canal terminal, are open to the public. The narrowness of the waterway, except at the mouth of the creek, prohibits construction of projecting piers. The commerce of Newtown Creek consists chiefly of fuel, building and road material, copper and steel, chemicals, mineral oils, and fer- tilizers; it is handled to and from lighters and barges generally by steam derricks and hoists. All terminals connect with city highways in fair condition; those on the north side of the creek have ready access to the Long Island Railroad tracks. (For latest full description of terminal facilities see Port Series No. 20, Corps of Engineers.) Newtown Creek lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority, December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 223 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-The increased depth has greatly reduced freight rates by making the landings accessible to vessels of greater draft and carrying larger cargoes. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under contract dated February 18, 1930, for dredging in Maspeth Creek section of New- town Creek, work had not been commenced June 30, 1930. 260 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 United States derrick boat E. R. 101 was employed in the entrance to Newtown Creek July 19, August 3 to 6, October 24 to November 16, 1929, and May 1, 1930, removing shoal areas at a cost of $5,698.15, for new work. The cost of surveys and contingencies preparatory to work under the above-mentioned contract was $7,345.25 for improvement, and $3 for maintenance. The total cost of all work was $13,046.40-$13,043.40 for new work and $3 for maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $12,988.19. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 25 per cent completed. The main channel in Newtown Creek has been dredged to a depth of 20 feet at mean low water and to widths of 250 feet at the entrance to 150 feet at a point about 500 feet from above Hob- son Avenue and Dutch Kills has been dredged to project width and depth, except at a few places near the head of the improvement where dredging could not be carried closer than 10 to 15 feet from unstable bulkheads. As shown by soundings taken in February, 1929, the controlling mean low-water depth in Newtown Creek up to about 500 feet above Hobson Avenue was 20 feet. In Maspeth Creek when examined in 1929, it was 8 feet to about 1,000 feet below the head of the project channel; the depth then decreases rapidly to zero at about 250 feet below the head, and at the head the bottom was 1 foot or more above mean low water. A channel 150 feet wide, 20 feet or more in depth at mean low water, and about 2,000 feet long has been dredged by private interests adjacent to the harbor line along the westerly side of the Mussel Island section of the creek. As shown by soundings taken in 1929 the controlling depth between the southern end of the dredged section and Grand Street Bridge was 15 feet; above this to Metropolitan Avenue Bridge it was about 14 feet; in English Kills or the West Branch, up to Metropolitan Avenue Bridge it was about 15.5 feet. In 1923 the controlling depth in Dutch Kills was about 18 feet. The work remaining to be done consists in dredging to project dimensions the channel from Hobson Avenue up to Metropolitan Avenue at the head of the East Branch, except the stretch of 2,000 feet in the Mussel Island section dredged by private parties; and in dredging Maspeth Creek, the Mussel Island area and English Kills, or West Branch, to project dimen- iions and deepening. :the .main channel in' Newtown Greek as authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $389,721.97-$292,887.47 for new work and $96,834.50 for mainte- nance, and the total expenditures amounted to $389,580.51. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $114,305.37. With this it is proposed to prosecute work as follows: Excavate and dispose of 218,100 cubic yards of material under a contract in force at 46.9 cents per cubic yard, for improvement (July-November, 1930) ------- --------------------------- $102, 288.90 Outstanding liabilities--------------------------------------- 141.46 General field expenses, including surveys, inspection, miscellaneous investigations, and contingencies--------------------------- 9, 875. 01 Engineering, superintendence, and administration---- _ ---- 2,000. 00 Total_-__-___---------- ----------------------------- 114, 305. 37 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 261 This work should complete the dredging in Maspeth Creek to project dimensions. The removal of Mussel Island and surrounding shoals and widen- ing of the entrance to Newtown Creek is urgently needed. There- fore, the sum of $130,000 can be profitably expended for improve- ment during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Dredge, under contract, in entrance to Ne.wtown Creek and in Mussel Island area____----- ____------------------ __--- $118, 000 Engineering, superintendence, and contingencies_________--1_____ 12, 000 Total-----------------------------------------------130, 00 Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of coal and coke, petroleum products, building ma- terial, and copper. The entire channel is used, and improvements have greatly facilitated traffic. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925 ..-.... 4,991,857 $286, 403,310 _1928-.....-- . 5, 850,710 _____ $237,426,212 1926-........5,901, 955 287, 325, 321 -- 7, 008,111 1929-........ 341,150, 239 2, 766 1927 ..-.... 5, 873, 400 280, 166, 540 CAR-FERRY TRAFFIC Calendar year Short tons Value 1928_----------------------------------------------------------------- 492 $147,600 1929_ --------------------------------------------------------------- 1,037 311,100 The increased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to an increased tonnage of coal and coke and petroleum products. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Coal and coke----------- ----------------------------------------------- 32.3 6-24 Petroleum products------------------------------ --------------------. 30. 3 5-16 --------------------------------------------- Building material-------...... 22.8 5-24 Copper----..........-------------------------------------------------------------- -------- 7.1 5-16 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 -------- ------------ $694, 147. 98 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 19301__--------_------------- _ 223, 104. 57 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 917, 252. 55 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930- --------------- - -- -141. 46 Net total expenditures 1_--- __---_------ ---- 917, 111. 09 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------ __ - ---- 114, 305.37 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 19301--------- 1,031, 416. 46 1 Exclusive of $2,583.54 previously expended for work of removal of drift, New York Harbor, N. Y. 262 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work----------- ------------------------ $13,043.40 Cost of maintenance........------------------$255.67 $989.16$1,713.31 $66,828.22 3.00 Total cost_---_ ------------------- 255. 67 989.16 1, 713. 31 66,828. 22 13, 046.40 Total expended__---------------------- 255. 67 989. 16 1, 678. 65 66, 808. 53 12, 988.19 Allotted ----------------------------------------------- 2, 000. 00 103, 000.00 -3, 700.00 94, 800. 00 Balance unexepended July 1, 1929__________________----------$32, 493. 56 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929------------------------------------------ 96, 800. 00 Amount to be accounted for 129, 293.56 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment____--------- 2, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------- 127, 293.56 Gross amount expended------_--------- 12, 988.19 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930____________ ___ _ 114, 305. 37 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_ $141.46 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------102, 288. 90 102, 430. 36 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------ 11, 875. 01 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1____-- __-____--_ 744, 300. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for new work 1______-- ____ ____-- ____ __ 130, 000. 00 29. HARLEM RIVER, N. Y. Location and description.-Harlem River and Spuyten Duyvil Creek, both included in the project for the improvement of Harlem River, are two tidal waterways, of a joint length of about 8 miles, which join at Kingsbridge. They lie wholly within the limits of greater New York and separate Manhattan Island from the main- land. The East River entrance is about 8 miles northeast of the Battery, New York City, and the Hudson River entrance about 131/2 miles north of the Battery. Harlem River also connects with East River by way of Little Hell Gate, between Wards and Randalls Islands, and by way of Bronx (Harlem) Kills, between Randalls Island and the mainland. These channels are not used by naviga- tors, being shoal, rocky, and winding, with strong tidal currents. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 274.) Original condition.-Harlem River varied in width from about 300 to 1,500 feet. It had an available depth of 10 feet at mean low water from East River to Morris Dock, except at Highbridge, where it was only 6 feet deep. From Morris Dock to Fordham Landing there was a crooked channel 7 feet deep, and above the latter place the river could be used only by the smallest class of vessels. The width of Spuyten Duyvil Creek was about 150 feet at its head and about 1,000 feet near its mouth; it had a least mean low water depth of about 4 feet from Kingsbridge to Hudson River; above Kings- bridge the depth gradually diminished to less than 1 foot at the 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 293 head of the creek. A narrow channel at the junction of the two streams was obstructed by a ledge of rock awash at low tide. In 1875 the mean tidal range at the mouth of Spuyten Duyvil Creek was 3.91 feet, and at Fordham Bridge, a short distance south of Broadway Bridge, it was 6.03 feet. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 23, 1874. The cost and expenditures under this project prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1887 were $21,000, all for new work. For further details of previous projects see annual report for 1915, page 1762. Existing project.-This provides for a continuous channel 15 feet deep at mean low water and 400 feet wide from East River to Hud- son River, except in the vicinity of Washington Bridge, where the adopted width is 354 feet, and at the rock cut through Dyckmans Meadow, where it is 350 feet and the depth 18 feet. It also provides for straightening the channel at Johnson Iron Works by making a cut 15 feet deep and 400 feet wide. The length of channel included in the project is about 8 miles. The mean tidal range varies, accord- ing to locality, from 4.9 feet at Willis Avenue Bridge to 3.7 feet at Spuyten Duyvil Bridge; range of spring tides, 5.9 and 4.5 feet, respectively. Irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 3 feet below mean low water up to 4 feet above mean high water at Willis Avenue Bridge and from 3.5 feet below mean low water up to 3.5 feet above mean high water at Spuyten Duyvil Bridge. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1928, is $5,470,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $25,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 18, 1878. (H. Doc. No. 75, pt. 9, 43d Cong., 2d sess.) It was modified in 1886 (A. R. 1886, p. 674) and 1893 (A. R. 1912, p. 198) and enlarged by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 557, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see annual report for 1913, page 1644. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 18, 1878, adopting the existing project, and the river and harbor act of March 3,1879, provided that the necessary right of way should be provided free of cost to the United States before work was begun. This pro- vision was complied with by the State of New York, which procured the necessary lands and completed their transfer to the United States in May, 1887. A similar provision is contained in the river and har- bor act of March 4, 1913, authorizing the straightening of the chan- nel at Johnson Iron Works. The river and harbor act of March 4, 1915, provides for the cession to the State of the land occupied by the present channel at that point, after the right of way for the cut-off has been provided and the new channel completed. By act approved April 1, 1922, by the Governor of the State of New York (ch. 407, Laws of New York), the State of New York appropriated $1,500,000 "'to enable the State to purchase the right of way necessary for the improvement of the Harlem River and the Spuyten Duyvil Creek from the North River to the East River through the Harlem Kills "; 264 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 under the authority thus granted the State authorities have ceded to the United States by deed all but three comparatively small parcels. On October 26, 1926, work was commenced on the modification of Highbridge under a contract dated September 30, 1926; this contract included the removal of the piers obstructing navigation in the river. The reconstructed bridge was completed October 28, 1928. Terminal facilities.-The direct length of water front measured along both shores of the Harlem River is about 16 miles; of this length topographical features render 4 miles unavailable for com- mercial use. About 5 miles in length of water front have been de- veloped by the construction of 125 piers, wharves, and bulkheads, with a total available dockage of 37,522 feet, of which 21,728 feet are owned by the city of New York and 685 feet are owned by the State of New York, the latter as a barge canal terminal. Of the terminals owned by the city some are open to the public on equal terms, some are leased for commercial use, and a few are used by city departments. Such additional terminals are built from time to time by the public authorities as are needed to keep pace with the growing commerce. Privately owned and leased terminals, four of which are open to the public, are used exclusively for commercial purposes. Ten terminals have railroad connections, seven of which are owned by the railroads, one by a private corporation, and two by the city of New York. The Harlem River is navigated mainly by barges and canal boats with- out masts and by tugboats with low stacks; sailing vessels seldom navigate the river because of delays at bridge draws. The method of freight handling varies, according to the character of the com- modity contained in the cargo, from steam derricks or telphers to hand trucks. All terminals are reached by well-paved highways in good condition. (For latest full description of terminal facilities see Port Series No. 20, Corps of Engineers.) Harlem River lies within the limits of the port district, as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 223 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-The opening of Harlem River to naviga- tion has resulted in greatly increasing the areas of Manhattan and Bronx Boroughs, to which heavy freight can be brought by water with a marked saving in cost. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under a contract for dredging and rock removal between Macombs Dam Bridge and Put- nam Railroad Bridge, dated April 20, 1928, work in progress June 30, 1929, was completed August 8, 1929. There were removed and dis- posed of 99 cubic yards of rock and 976 cubic yards of other material, all place measurement, at a cost of -$1,512.01 for improvement. Work done resulted in removal to project depth of material in the west draw of Macombs Dam Bridge. Under a contract for dredging between High Bridge and Broad- way Bridge, dated December 14, 1928, work in progress June 30, 1929, was completed March 25, 1930. There were removed 228,143 cubic yards, place measurement, of material at a cost of $151,594.37 for new work. The cost of surveys, tidal investigations, and contingencies was $2,151.52 for maintenance. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 265 The total cost was $152,233.88-$150,082.36 for new work and $2,151.52 for maintenance and the total expenditures amounted to $206,887.03. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 46 per cent completed. A channel 15 feet deep at mean low water and 400 feet wide has been excavated from the East River up to High Bridge. From High Bridge to the Hudson River, a channel varying in width from a minimum of 150 feet up to a maximum of 350 feet has been excavated to a depth of 15 feet at mean low water. The con- trolling depth at mean low water through a channel of practically the full project width from the East River up to High Bridge is 15 feet. The controlling depth above High Bridge is about 15 feet, through a channel slightly less than project width. The widths of channel through bridge draws are 98 to 100 feet. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists in the removal, by dredging, of a few small shoal areas of rock projecting slightly into the channel between High Bridge and Two Hundred and Third Street, widening the dredged channel above High Bridge, and straightening the channel at the Johnsons Iron Works. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $2,667,592.02-$2,531,975.26 for new work, $135,616.76 for main- tenance, and the total expenditures amounted to $2,666,985.50. -this Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $107;050.68. With follows : it is proposed to prosecute work as Remove rock shoals, under contract to be entered into, in the channel between High Bridge and Broadway Bridge, for im- provement (August, 1930-March, 1931) ---------- $100, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities 06. 52 6---------------------- General field expenses, including surveys, inspection, and contin- gencies ---------------------------------- 4, 444. 16 Engineering, superintendence, and administration---------------- 2, 000. 00 Total -- ------------------------------------------ 107, 050. 68 All but three parcels of land needed for right of way in straight- ening the channel, at Johnsons Iron Works have been ceded to the United States. It is not believed that the transfer to the United States of all three parcels will be accomplished within the next two years. Therefore, no additional funds can be profitably ex- pended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of building material, coal and coke, ashes, garbage, general merchandise and petroleum products. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers 1925-.... 4, 104, 038 $169, 088, 755 1, 629. 033 1928- ..... 6, 217, 542 $121, 229, 483 460, 179 1926-. 4, 080, 074 108, 449, 563 279, 989 1929- _.... 5, 022,882 141, 080, 096 351, 444 1927 ---- 5, 755, 906 183, 542, 886 (1) 1 No statistics available. 266 IEPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Exclusive of the following traffic: Car ferry Cargoes in transit Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1925..........---------------------------------------- 2,165, 169 $649, 550, 700 (2) (2) 1926.................................---------------------------------------- 2, 300, 026 690, 007, 800 (2) (2) 1927----------------------------------------................................................. 1, 895, 723 568, 716, 900 (2) (2) 1928-...- ---------------------------------------- . . 1, 644, 392 493, 317, 600 993, 231 $3, 138, 610 1929--........--------------------------------------. 1, 651, 013 495, 303, 900 1, 115, 788 3, 525, 890 - No statistics available. The decreased tonnage figure for 1929 is due to a decreased tonnage of coal and coke and ashes; the increased value figure is due to an increased tonnage of building material, general merchandise, and petroleum products. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Building material.... ------------------------------------------------------- 38. 5 6-16 Coal and coke .......- ---------------------------------------- ----------------- 33. 3 6-14 Ashes ----------------------------------------------------------------- 9. 4 6-10 Garbage...... ..........................------------------------------------------------......--------------- 7.6 6-10 General merchandise..................................------------------------------------------------------ 6. 9 6-16 Petroleum products------------------------------------------------------ 2. 4 6-14 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------$2, 552, 975. 26 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 135, 616. 76 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------- 2, 688, 592. 02 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 606. 52 Net total expenditures 1-- _____ ___ 2, 687, 985. 50 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----_-- _____-___-______ 107, 050. 68 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 19301___________ 2, 795, 036. 18 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work___. _____ _________ $4, 232. 00 $285, 401. 48 $150, 082. 36 Cost of maintenance --- $10, 247. 64 $40, 140. 62 2, 821. 32 19, 799. 45 2, 151.52 Total cost----------------------10,247. 64 40, 140. 62 7, 053. 32 305, 200. 93 152, 233. 88 'Total expended_________-------------_______________ 10, 247. 64 40, 140. 62 5, 901. 16 251, 651. 30 206, 887. 03 Allotted ------------------------------------- 250, 000.00 245, 000 00 -2, 000. 00 -9, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of $2,919.64 previously expended for work of removal of drift, New York Harbor, N. Y. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 267 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-- --------------------------- $322,937.71 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment --------------- 9, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for----------------------- 313,937.71 Gross amount expended--------------------- ------ ---- 206, 887. 03 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 --- -_------------ 107, 050. 68 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------------------- 606. 52 Balance available June 30, 1930--------------------_ - 106, 444..:16 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1---------------2, 830, 900. 00 30. HUDSON RIVER CHANNEL, NEW YORK HARBOR Location and description.-Hudson River empties into the Upper Bay of New York Harbor at the Battery, New York City. The section included under this title extends from a line joining the Battery and Ellis Island to the northern limits of New York City, a distance of about 16 miles. The width between pierhead lines is 3,900 feet at the Battery, gradually decreasing to 2,750 feet at West Fourteenth Street and 2,725 feet at West Fifty-ninth Street, thence increasing to 5,400 feet at Spuyten Duyvil Creek, which width it maintains to the northern boundary of New York City. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 3694 and 3698.) Original condition.-The width was greater than at present, wide stretches of shallows along both banks having been long since re- claimed and devoted to urban purposes. Few changes in the depth of the deep-water channel are noted, except in the narrow reach be- tween Hoboken and the Chelsea district of New York (vicinity of West Nineteenth Street), where the contraction has been so great as to cause scour on the bottom. These contractions were made mainly before 1890, when the United States protected the stream from further undue encroachments by the establishment of harbor lines. A channel 40 feet and over in depth and with a least width of about 1,000 feet extended throughout and some distance above the section included in the project; it bordered upon the New York shore, except in the reach from West Nineteenth Street to West Seventy-second Street, where the deep water was found along the western shore or in the center of the river. Its width was limited by three shoal areas projecting out from the shores a considerable distance; one along the east shore from West Nineteenth Street to West Seventy-second Street, New York City; one along the west shore from below Jersey City to Castle Point; and one along the, west shore from Weehawken to beyond the limits of the existing project for dredging along this water front. The least depths found over these shoals along pierheads were about 21 feet, 20 feet, and. 7 feet, respectively. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1875; the cost of this project was $25,000, and the total expenditures amounted to $25,000. Joint resolution of July 1, 1902, and the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, authorized the diversion of not exceeding $45,000 from appropriations already made or authorized for the improvement of Ambrose Channel, New York Harbor, for the re- 1Exclusive of available funds. 268 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMYP 1930 moval of a rock or obstruction in the North River, New York Harbor, near Pier No. 1 (known as Pier A), to a depth of 40 feet at mean low water. The cost of removing this rock to a depth of 38 feet at mean low water was $43,979:12, and the expenditure amounting to $43,979.12 was paid from funds appropriated for maintenance of Entrance Channels, New York Harbor. Provision for its removal toA40:feet at mean low water is made in the existing project adopted March 4, 1913, in which it is referred to as "ledge rock lying about 1,000 feet off Pier A at the Battery." The total cost of work done under previous projects prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1913 is $68,979.12, all for new work, and the total expenditures amounted to $68,979.12. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1765. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 40 feet deep from pierhead line to pierhead line from Twentieth Street, Manhattan, to a point 1,300 feet below Newark Street, Hoboken, thence 2,800 feet wide to the Battery and beyond to deep water off Ellis Island; a channel 30 feet deep in the area between the 40-foot channel and the Jersey City water front, substantially as shown on map in House Document No. 450, Seventieth Congress, second session; a channel 750 feet wide and 30 feet deep along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front; the removal of a shoal on the New York side between West Nineteenth and West Sixty-first Streets to a depth of 40 feet; and the removal of an obstruction north of the mouth of Spuyten Duyvil Creek to the depth of the surrounding river bottom. The length of the section included in the project is about 16 miles. Mean tidal range at the Battery, 4.4 feet, and at the mouth of Spuyten ' Duyvil Creek, 3.7 feet; mean range of spring tides, 5.3 feet and 4.5 feet, respectively; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 4 feet below mean low water at the Battery up to 4 feet above mean high water, and at the mouth of Spuyten Duyvil Creek from 3.5 feet below mean low water up to 3.5 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $4,690,000, exclusive of the amounts expended under previous projects. The latest' (1930) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $114,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 4, 1913, provided for the 30-foot channel from Ellis Island to Newark Street, a depth of 40 feet through shoal off Hamburg Avenue, a channel 26 feet deep and 550 *feet wide along Weehawken-Edgewater water front; a removal of shoal on east side of river between West Nineteenth and West Thirty- second Streets, removal of rock near the Battery and art obstruction near Spuyten Duyvil Creek (H. Doc. No. 719, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 4, 1915, authorized additional dredging in the vicinity of the shoal off Hamburg Avenue (A. R. 1914, pp. 234-235) ; the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the removal of a shoal be- tween Thirty-second and West Sixty-first Street to a depth of 40 feet and widening the 40-foot channel between the Battery and Canal Street to 2,000 feet (H. Doc. No. 1697, 64th Cong., 2d sess.); the act approved March 3, 1925, provided for increasing the depth of the channel along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front to 30 feet at mean low water and the width to 750 feet (H. Doc. No. 313, 68th RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 269 Cong., 1st sess.); the act of January 21, 1927, modified the conditions of local cooperation stated in House Document No. 313, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session, and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for in- creasing the width of the 40-foot channel between Twentieth Street, Manhattan, and Ellis Island, and for a 30-foot channel between the west channel line of the 40-foot channel and the channel along Jersey City water front (H. Doc. No. 450, 70th Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1915, page 2144, and House Document No. 1697, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session, and House Document No. 450, Seventieth Congress, second session. Recomniended modifictions of project.-None. Local cooperation.-There are legal questions, concerning the ex- tent of local cooperation required in connection with the channel along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front, which remain to be determined. Terminal facilities.-The direct length of water front included in the project for improvement, measured along both shores of the river, is 32 miles; of this length, 7 miles of the Manhattan water front and 10 miles of the New Jersey water front have been devel- oped for commercial use by the construction of terminals consisting of piers, bulkheads, warehouses equipped with modern appliances for handling freight, modern coal piers, bridges for the transfer of cars to and from floats, marine railways, dry docks, and ferry racks. MANHATTAN WATER FRONT Large sums have been expended by the city of New York in the construction of piers along the Manhattan water front, many of which are designed to accommodate trans-Atlantic steamships up to 1,000 feet in length and 40 feet draft. There are 185 terminals along this front, 77 per cent of which are owned by the city of New York; 18 per cent are owned by railroads, and one terminal is owned by New York State as a barge-canal terminal. Most of the city-owned terminals are leased for commercial purposes; a few are open to the public and some are used by city departments. Privately owned and leased terminals are used exclusively for commercial purposes and are not open to the public. The total available dockage along this front in use for commercial purposes is 163,623 linear feet. NEW JERSEY WATER FRONT There are 207 terminals along the New Jersey water front. Of these, 201 are either privately or corporately owned, 1 is owned by the New York and New Jersey Bridge and Tunnel Commissions, and the remaining 5 are under the control of the United States Shipping Board. These latter terminals accommodate steamships of all classes up to the largest trans-Atlantic steamships afloat. About 55 per cent of all terminals along this front are owned or controlled by railroad companies for the accommodation of car floats, lighters, barges, and grain elevators employed in the transfer of freight to and from various points in New York Harbor and seagoing barges employed in coastwise traffic. Privately owned terminals accommodate vessels of all classes up to 30 feet draft. Of the terminals along the New Jersey shore, but 270 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 one in Jersey City is owned by and open to the public so far as known. The total available dockage along the New Jersey water front in use for commercial purposes is 211,307 linear feet. IN GENERAL Most of the terminals are efficient in respect to the method of freight handling. The methods in use vary from the most modern freight-handling appliances to hand trucks. The appliance installed is generally that believed to be the best adapted for use in transfer- ring the particular class of freight to be handled. Many terminals have direct railroad connection. The New York City authorities are constantly adding to and im- proving the terminals along the Manhattan water front, and private and corporate interests have in view the construction of additional terminals of large capacity along the New Jersey water front, par- ticularly in the stretch above Castle Point. With the exception of terminals along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front, all are reached by well-paved highways in good condi- tion; along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front the approaches to the terminals are not paved, but are in good condition. In 1917 the States of New York and New Jersey enacted legislation creating a joint harbor-development commission. This commission made a study of the port as a whole and under date of December 16, 1920, submitted its report to the governors of the respective States, together with comprehensive plans and recommendations. Hudson River Channel lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority, December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 223 of this report. For latest full description of terminal facilities, see Port Series No. 20, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of i~riovement.-The largest trans-Atlantic steamers can now reach their piers at Hoboken, N. J., and along the Manhattan water front up to West Sixty-first Street. A large increase in the amount of pier construction and extension along the Weehawken- Edgewater water front has developed. It is impracticable to ascer- tain what effect the improvement has had on freight rates. Operations and results during fsal year.- Jersey City water front.-Umnted States derrick boat E. R. 101 was employed from August 12 to 16, 1929, removing shoals at a cost of $3,003.50 for maintenance. Hoboke water front.-United States seagoing dredge Atlantic was employed December 20, 1929 to January 7, 1930, removing 30,090 cubic yards, bin measurement, of material from a shoal area that had formed in the previously dredged channel. The cost of this work was $13,808.38 for maintenance. Weehawken-Edgewater water front.-United States seagoing dredge Atlantic was employed from April 28 to June 30, 1930, remov- ing 136,113 cubic yards, bin measurement, of material from shoals that had formed in previously dredged area. The cost of this work was $42,327.55 for maintenance. The cost of other work pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement was $341.71. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 271 The total cost of all work was $59,481.14, all for maintenance. The total expenditures amounted to $44,362.37. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 61 per cent of the exist- ing project has been completed. The work done has resulted in removing the rock off Pier A to project depth, in completing the channel along the Jersey City water front, in completing the re- moval of a shoal along the Hoboken water front to project width and depth, in completing the Weehawken-Edgewater water front to a depth of 26 feet and width of 550 feet, in excavating.the chan- nel between the Battery and Canal Street to project dimensions, and in completing the removal of a shoal along the Manhattan water front between West Nineteenth and West Sixty-first Streets to the project depth, except immediately adjacent to the pierhead line at West Twenty-third Street ferry slips, where the depth varies from 29 feet along the pierhead line up to 40 feet at a distance of 350 feet out from the pierhead line. The controlling mean low-water depth through the channel along the Jersey City water front, when examined in June, 1929, was 30 feet, except at the northern end where scattering shoals limit the depth to about 29 feet through a channel 600 feet wide. Along the Hoboken water front, when examined in 1925, a shoal extended southward about 1,500 feet from Newark Street, Hoboken, with a least depth along the pierhead line of about 30 feet, gradually in- creasing to 40 feet at a distance of about 500 feet channelward from the said line; elsewhere along this front the depth was 40 feet. As shown by an examination of Weehawken-Edgewater water front, made in June, 1929, the controlling mean low-water depth was 26 feet through a channel about 350 feet wide to opposite West Eighty- sixth Street, Manhattan, New York City; thence to opposite West One hundred and twenty-second Street, 24 feet through a channel 600 feet wide, thence to the northern entrance, 21 feet with width of 550 feet. The channel has been narrowed somewhat by material entering it from side slopes and adjacent flats. The controlling mean low-water depth in the channel between the Battery and Canal Street was 40 feet, except along about 3,000 feet in length adjacent to the western limiting line of the channel at its lower end where the least depth was about 37 feet, increasing to 40 feet at a distance of about 300 feet channelward from the line. Along the Manhattan water front the controlling depth was 40 feet, except in the vicinity of West Twenty-third Street ferry slips as previously stated herein, and along the pierhead line, where shoals varying in width up to 400 feet, reduce the depth along the channel line to a minimum of about 25 feet. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists in deepening and widen- ing the channel along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front as authorized by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, and deep- ening and widening the channel as authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $4,046,211.97-$2,875,370.89 for new work and $1,170,841.08 for main- tenance-and the total expenditures amounted to $4,026,059.06. 11714--ENG 1930---18 272 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Proposed operations.--The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $125,799.54. With this it is proposed to prosecute work as follows: Operate one United States seagoing dredge for four and one-half months, for maintenance (July-October, 1930) $99, 000.00 -------------- Outstanding liabilities------ -- ----------------------------- 20, 152, 91 General ieldkexpenses, including :surveys, miscellaneous investiga- tions, and contingencies-----------------------------------4, 646.63 Engineering, superintendence, and administration----------------_, 2, 000. 00 Total ---------------------------- ----------------- 125, 799. 54 Since there are legal questions concerning the extent of local cooperation required along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front which remain to be determined, no funds can be profitably expended for new work in this section during the fiscal year 1932. It is believed that additional dredging for maintenance will be necessary during the next two years to keep the present channel in a satisfactory condition. Work on the section of this channel modi- fied by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, should be commenced during the fiscal year 1932. Therefore, the sum of $160,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Operate one United States seagoing dredge for three months, for improvement ------------------------------------- ------ $66, 000 Operate one United States seagoing dredge for three months, for maintenance---------------- ----------------------------- 66, 000 Engineering, superintendence, and contingencies--------------------28, 000 For improvement $70,000; for maintenance $90,000. Total ------------------------------------------------ 160,000 Commercial statistics.-The commprce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of general merchandise, coal, coke, foodstuffs, build- ing material, and petroleum products. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925- ...... 42,680, 202 $6,364,103,837 108, 528. 239 1928-- 40,574, 180 $7,197,659.224109, 147, 045 1926-....... 46, 021, 203 7, 496, 520, 549 108, 501, 174 1929........42,883, 702 6, 329, 181, 003 222, 831, 521 1927........ 46, 513, 584 7, 836, 387, 453 109, 471, 162 Exclusive of the following traffic: Car ferry Cargoes in transit Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1925.-.-- ------ -------------------------- 19, 342, 216 $5,802, 664, 800 5, 143, 600 $244, 003, 473 1926--------..................................--------------------------- 17, 374, 572 5, 212, 371, 600 8, 00, 677 176, 887, 227 1927----------------------..................................------------ 21, 581, 531 6, 474, 459, 300 14, 714, 092 322, 238,614 1928--.-- ...-------------.-- ------------- 22, 532,886 6, 759, 865, 800 7,706,802 168, 778,964 1929----------....................------------------------- 19,759, 536 5,927,860,800 12, 698, 160 278,089,704 The increased tonnage figure for 1929 is due to an increased tonnage of coal and coke, water gas tar, cement, sand ashes and rubbish, and cellar dirt. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 273 The decreased value*figure for 1929 is due to a decreased tonnage of general merchandise, foodstuffs, lubricating oil, gasoline, textiles, and machinery and vehicles. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet General merchandise_ ----------------------------------------------------------- 30. 8 6-40 Coal and coke ........................------------------------------.....---------------------------- 22. 1 4-22 Foodstuffs. . . ....... --..--- . --------------------------------.. . . .--....--..-- 12. 2 4-32 Building material---........---------------------------------------------------11.3 4-24 Petroleum products---- ------......--........... ...........----------- ----------- 8. 0 6-30 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ---------- ------- $2, 944, 350.01 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------- 11, 170, 841.08 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------- 4, 115, 191. 09 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------ 20, 152. 91 Net total expenditures-- ------------------------- 4,095,.038. 18 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------------------- 125, 799. 54 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------- 4,220, 837. 72 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------. - - $41, 534.18 ___.---........ .....- 046. 63 $5, Cost of maintenance ------------------- 155, 248. 26 $125, 765. 69 $49, 236. 23 253, 254. 12 $59, 481. 14 Total cost----------------------196, 782. 44 125, 765. 69 49, 236. 23 258, 300. 75 59,481. 14 Total expended__ ..---------------------- 196, 782. 44 125, 765. 69 54, 016. 38 253, 691. 80 44, 362. 37 Allotted_.. ---------------------------- . 230, 000.00 210, 000. 00 28, 000. 00 -12, 500. 00 158, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----------------------------$12, 161. 91 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved : March 23, 1928----------------------------- $62, 000 May 28, 1930-------------- ---------------- 100, 000 162, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for ------------------------- 174, 161. 91 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment------- ------ 4, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for----------------------- 170, 161.91 Gross amount expended---------------- ------ --------- 44, 362. 37 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------- ------- ---- 5,799. 54 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------- 20, 152.91 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------ 105, 646. 63 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - of existing project - - - - 1, 814, 600. 00 1Exclusive of $62,141.40 previously expended for removal of drift, New York Harbor, N. Y. - Exclusive of available funds. 274 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work 2__________________________ $70, 000. 00 For maintenance 2____________ ___________________ 90, 000. 00 Total 2------------ 160, 000. 00, 31. NEW YORK HARBOR-COLLECTION AND REMOVAL OF DRIFT Location and description.-This project applies to the Lower and Upper Bays, New York Harbor; Jamaica Bay, Bay Ridge, and Red Hook Channels, Gowanus Creek Channel, Buttermilk Channel. East River, Newtown Creek, Harlem River, and Hudson River Channel, N. Y.; and Staten Island Sound and Newark Bay, N. J. Original condition.-Prior to adoption of the project the waters referred to were obstructed by drift of various kinds allowed to escape from pier construction and demolition, from scows carrying refuse, from abandoned and broken craft, floats, etc., and from various other sources. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the collection and removal of drift from New York Harbor and its tributary waters, and authorizes the Secretary of War to allot such amounts as may be necessary for the work from appropriations for maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works or other available appropriations, and that this work hereafter shall be carried as a separate and dis tinct project. It is wholly a work of maintenance. The purpose of the work is to afford relief from variable conditions of obstruction, and no advance estimate of the amount of work required and its proper cost can be made. The project adopted by the river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, and August 8, 1917, was modified by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, which provides for the- method of allotting funds and for carrying this work as a separate and distinct project. Recomnmended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Voluntary cooperation of several of the New York City departments has been asked for and given, in so far as they are able to assist, particularly in the line of prevention. Terminal facilities.-Described in the separate reports covered. Effect of improvement.-Precise data as to results of this work can not be obtained. Drift is continually added to by the breaking up of old piers and. of worthless, abandoned boats, parts of which pass into the channel either through neglect or connivance of parties who ought to prevent it. It is difficult and generally impossible to discover who is responsible for this. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Steam lighters Mani- sees and Rockaway and gasoline tug Astoria were assigned to the work of removing and disposing of drift when not employed on other work. There were removed and disposed of during the year 310,656, cubic feet (2,427 cords) of driftwood, ranging in size from small blocks up to timber of large dimensions, piles, pieces of wreckage, etc. The cost of this work was $49,805.41, all for maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $44,962.48. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 275 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is one of continuous -maintenance for which no percentage of completion exists. Naviga- tion has been made safer by the removal of large quantities of drift material. Since the beginning of operations, May 21, 1915, there have been removed and disposed of 4,432,902 cubic feet (34,632 cords) of drift material, at a total cost to June 30, 1930, of $540,099.96. The total expenditures amounted to $532,602.92. Proposed operation.--The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $11,425.11. With this and such additional funds as may be allotted, it is proposed to pay outstanding liabilities amounting to $7,497.04 and to continue the work of drift removal by the use of United States lighters. It is necessary for the safety of vessels against damage that the removal of drift wood be carried on with as much regularity as practicable. The sum of $50,000 can be profitably expended in this work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. The amount re- .quested for the fiscal year 1932 is in excess of that requested annually for the past five years due to the fact that a greater amount of time is to be consumed on drift removal. This is made necessary by the apparent increase in the amount of floating drift in New York Har- bor and tributaries. Cost and fiancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 19301----------------------- $540, 099. 96 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 540, 099. 96 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------7, 497. 04 Net total expenditures 1 --------- ---- 532, 602. 12 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------11, 425. . Total amount appropriated to June 30, 19301------------- 544, 028. )3 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 ,C~ost Cost of new work of new w ork .. -------------------------- --- -- -- - -- -_, - __,)--- -- _-- -- --- ----- -- ---------- Cost of maintenance_------------------__ ______ $39,119.65 2 $35,054.98 $42, 733. 69 $42, 422. 57 $49, 805.41 Total expended__ _----------------------2 39, 119. 65 2 35, 054. 98 45, 057. 69 41, 338. 73 44, 962.48 Allotted -- -- ------------------------- - 38, 600. 00 39, 500. 00 36, 000.00 42,000.00 53,600.00 Includes expenditure previously made from other works and allotments. Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 --------------------------- $2, 787.59 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved: Apr. 15, 1926 ------------------------------- $15, 200. 00 Feb. 23, 1927--------------- ------------------ , 400. 00 Mar. 23, 1928-------------------------------- 16, 000. 00 Feb. 28, 1929 --------------------------------- 15, 000.00 53, 600. 00 Amount to be accounted for- ------------ 56,387. 59 Gross amount expended -------------------- 44, 962.48 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-- -------------------- 11, 425. 11 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---------- --------------- 7, 497. 04 Balance available June 30, 1930--------------------------- 3, 928.07 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - 30, 1932, for maintenance - 50, 000. 00 SIncludes $334,328.03 previously charged to other works and allotments. SExclusive of available funds. 276 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 32. TARRYTOWN HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.--This harbor extends along the east shore of Hudson River for a distance of about 1 mile below Kings- land Point, 29 miles above the Battery, New York City. The dis- tance to the 12-foot contour in the river from the pierheads varies between 1,600 feet and 2,200 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 281.) Original condition.-The maximum available depth at mean low water over flats extending out from the shore to deep water was about 6 feet, and the general depth over a considerable part of them was about 41/2 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel along the wharf front of the harbor 12 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide, and northerly and southerly connections with deep water in Hudson River of the same depth and 100 feet wide; total length, about 5,700 feet. Mean tidal range, 3.1 feet; mean range of spring tides, 3.8 feet; extreme range due to wind and barometric pressure, 8.2 feet; irregular fluctuations are infrequent and do not materially affect navigation. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1926, is $56,000. The latest (1928) approval estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The. existing project was.adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905 (H. Doc. No. 283, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1900, p. 1520). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In lengthening piers and constructing ferry slips along the southern half of the water front under a permit issued by the War Department, the channel in this section previously dredged by the United States has been oblit- erated; in lieu thereof the permittee has excavated along the water front of the new construction without cost to the United States a channel of the same dimensions as that previously dredged by the United States. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, six in number, with avail- able dockage of 1,651 feet, are located along the water front of Tarrytown; none has railroad connections. Five with available dockage of 1,530 feet are privately owned, and one with available dockage of 121 feet is owned by a corporation. Other details are as follows: Four with available- dockage of 1,551 feet consist of solid fill behind timber bulkheads, and two with a total frontage of 100 feet consist of ferry racks. The existing terminals are adequate for present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-As a result of the improvement there has been an appreciable increase in the water-borne commerce of the harbor; vessels of increased draft now reach the wharves, and a slight reduction in freight rates has been reported. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The cost of an examination of the channel, office expenses, and contingencies was RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 277 $57.17, for maintenance. The total expenditures amounted to $127.13. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1928, at a saving of $5,146 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth at mean low water, as shown by an examination made in June, 1930, was 10.2 feet throughout the entire length of the project channel. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $88,985.27, $50,853.43 for new work and $38,131.84 for maintenance, and the total expenditures amounted to $88,982.56. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $17.44. With this it is proposed to pay outstanding liabilities amounting to $2.71 and the cost of office expenses and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. It is not believed that dredging for maintenance will be necessary during the next two years. Therefore, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of building material, coal, autos, and auto parts. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year. year 1925 ...---. 127, 737 $21,173, 316 492, 533 I 1928 ..-- 325, 944 $29, 768, 108 396, 743 1926--------- 303, 372 15,086, 687 458, 471 1929-------- 380,114 22, 013, 331 693, 572 1927- ..- ... 230, 978 23, 258, 845 341, 059 The increased tonnage figure for 1929 is due to an increased ton- nage of building material. The decreased value figure for 1929 is due to the decreased tonnage of autos and auto parts. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Building material----------------------------------------------------------- 92.0 6-12 Coal- -------- -----------------------------------------------------------........... 5. 3 5-10 Autos' i auto parts----------------------------------------------------- 5.1 6-10 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 -------------------------- $50, 853. 43 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------- 38, 131.84 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_---_--,--__-_ 88, 985. 27 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-- ------------- ___-----___ 2. 71 Net total expenditures----------------- ----------- 88, 982. 56 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-- ------------------ - 17. 44 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----- - 89, 000.00 278 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930( Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work......---------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance _"--------------------- $82.91 $1, 284. 16 $21, 542.40 17,173. 00 - $83.91 57 17 Total cost ------------------------- 82.91 1, 284. 16 38, 715. 40 83.91 57. 17 Total expended--------------------------............................ 82. 91 1,284.16 38, 747.11 9. 90 127. 13 Allotted------- ----------------------- , 29,000:0 11,000.00 -----------..----------- ---- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------------------- $144. 57 Gross amount expended ------------------ 127. 13 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 --- ----- 17. 44 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------------ 2. 71 Balance available June 30, 1930___ --_ ---------------- 14. 73 33. PEEKSKILL HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-This harbor is an indentation about five-eighths of a mile long and 11/4 miles wide in the eastern shore of Hudson River, 42 miles above the Battery, New York City. Peeks- kill Creek, whose source is 14 miles northeast of the harbor, empties into Hudson River about one-half mile northwest of the wharves in Peekskill. The mouth of the creek up to Annsville is known locally as Annsville Creek, and the upper section above the highway at Tompkins Corners as Peekskill Hollow Creek. The mouth of the creek is crossed by the New York Central Railroad by a bridge with draw span. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 282.) Original condition.-The controlling depth in the harbor was about 5 feet at mean low water, except near the wharves, where the depth was about 6 feet. The length of navigable channel in the har- bor, following the general contour of the shore, was about 1.8 miles. Previous projects.--None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water, 100 feet wide and about 1.8 miles long, extending from deep water in Hudson River north of the village to deep water south of it, following generally the contour of the shore, and two turning basins, 200 by 150 feet, of the same depth in front of the lower and center wharves. Mean tidal range 2.6 feet; mean range of spring tides, 3.2 feet; extreme range 7.1 feet; irregular fluctua- tions are infrequent and do not materially affect navigation. The estimate of cost for new work in 1896 was $50,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896 (H. Doc. No. 37, 53d Cong., 3d sess., and A. R. 1895, p. 999). The project was modified in 1896 (A. R. 1896, p. 839). For latest published map of the locality, see Annual Report for 1903, page 885. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Prior to 1913 the local authorities expended $909 in removing shoals formed by the deposit of sewage, and private interests expended $150,000 in the construc- tion of a public wharf and $10,000 in dredging in front of it. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 279 Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, five in number, with avail- able dockage of 2,240 feet, are located along the water front in Peekskill; none has railroad connections. Two of the terminals, with available dockage of 1,420 feet, are privately owned; one of these, with available dockage of 650 feet, is open to the public. One with available dockage of 200 feet is owned by the New York Cen- tral Railroad, and two with available dockage of 620 feet are used by a corporation. Four with available dockage of 1,470 feet are provided with mechanical appliances for handling cargoes. Other details are as follows: 3 with available dockage of 1,620 feet consist of solid fill behind crib bulkheads. 1 with available dockage of 120 feet consists of a steel coal-handling trestle 20 feet wide extending out from the natural bank. 1 with available dockage of 500 feet consists of a pile wharf. The existing terminals are adequate for present and prospective needs of commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 652, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session. Effect of improvement.- As a result of the improvement vessels of deeper draft now reach the wharves, thereby reducing the cost of transportation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The cost of examination of the channel was $269.54 for maintenance, and the total expenditures amounted to $222.86. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1899, at a saving of $30,600 under the estimated cost. The control- ling depth at mean low water as shown by an examination made in June, 1930, was 8.6 feet throughout the length of the project channel. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $55,951.46-$19,400 for new work and $36,551.46 for maintenance- arid the total expenditures amounted to $55,846.83. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $3,703.17. With this it is proposed to pay cost of outstanding liabilities amounting to $104.63, and to prosecute such minor work of maintenance as may be urgently necessary. It is not believed that dredging for maintenance, other than can be accomplished with available funds, will be necessary during the next two years. Therefore, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of building material, coal, and foodstuffs. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925.......-------- 154, 267 $38, 512, 170 (1) ....... 1928------- 100, 361 $13, 789, 591 1, 908 1926.......-------- 108, 596 5, 860, 428 (1) 1929 ....... 90, 239 9, 481, 962 3, 940 1927 -------- 110, 384 15, 736, 764 (1) 1Excursion steamers did not use Peekskill on account of insufficient depth of water, due to shoaling in the channel. The decreased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to a decreased tonnage of building material, coal, metals, and manufac- tures, and foodstuffs. 280 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Buildigmaterial ------------------------------------------------------- 41.8 6-10 ..----- Coal--- --- ---------------------------------------------------------- 25. 4 6-10 Foodstuffs ----------------------------------------------------------------- 19. 3 6-14 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__-__-_-_-_ -- ___---- --- $-19, 400. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------------- 36, 551. 46 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 55, 951. 46 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------------- 104. 63 Net total expenditures -------------------- 55, 846. 83 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------------------- 3,703.17 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930____---- 59, 550. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30- 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------- ------------ --------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance.--------------------- $52. 49 $56. 83 $18,952.93 $87. 70 $269. 54 Total expended.........-------------------------- 52.49 56. 83 18, 985. 03 32. 11 222. 86 Allotted....-------------.... ------------ ------------ 23,000.00 ... .........-------------------- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------ - $3,926.03 Gross amount expended______------------------- 222. 86 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930__---------------------- 3, 703.17 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------ ------------- 104.63 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------------- 3, 598. 54 34. WAPPINGER CREEK, N. Y. Lo oatot and descriptio.--This:creek, is a small stream which empties into Hudson River from the east, about 64 miles by water north of the Battery, New York City, and one-half mile below the village of New Hamburg, N. Y. Its source is 30 miles slightly east of north from its mouth. The head of navigation is at the village of Wappinger Falls, about 2 miles above its mouth, and is marked by a series of falls, with an aggregate height of 861/2 feet above mean low water. Below the falls the creek is tidal and varies in width from 90 feet to 900 feet. The drainage area is 216 square miles. The average discharge varies according to season and amount of rainfall from about 53 second-feet to 1,420 second-feet. Two draw- bridges cross the creek--one at the mouth, a railroad bridge, and the other, a highway bridge, about 1,000 feet farther upstream. Both have solid-fill approaches. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 283.) RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 281 Original condition.-The channel used by navigators was winding and not exceeding 6 feet in depth at mean low water and from 25 to 75 feet in width. The head of navigation was and is at the lower falls. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water, 80 feet wide and about 2 miles long, extending from the mouth to about 200 feet below the lower falls. Mean tidal range, 2.7 feet; mean range of spring tides, 3.3 feet; extreme range, 7.1 feet; irregular fluctuations are infrequent and do not materially affect navigation. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1890, was $13,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $750. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890 (H. Doc. No. 25, 51st Cong., 1st sess., and A. R. 1890, p. 758). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1904, page 1051. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. About 1890, local in- terests expended $34,000 in dredging a channel for boats carrying freight from the head of navigation to the railroad bridge and about $500 on a public wharf. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, five in number, with avail- able dockage of 2,415 feet, are located-one with available dockage of 75 feet on the north side of the railroad trestle bridge and directly connected with the railroad, one with available dockage of 300 feet just north of the highway bridge, one with available dockage of 300 feet about 1 mile below the head of navigation, and two with avail- able dockage of 1,740 feet close to the head of navigation. All are privately owned. The terminal at the railroad trestle has no high- way connection; the approach to one of the terminals at the head of navigation, with 1,700 feet of available dockage, is by paved highway in good condition; the approaches to all others are not paved and are in poor condition. Other details are as follows: 1 with available dockage of 75 feet is of open pilework; 3 with available dockage of 640 feet consist of solid fill behind timber bulkheads; and 1 with available dockage of 1,700 feet consists of solid fill behind a dry rubblestone wall. The existing terminals appear to be adequate for existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-As a result of the improvement, vessels of deeper draft now use the creek, thereby reducing the cost of transportation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under contract dated December 7, 1929, for dredging, work was completed May 26, 1930. There were removed and disposed of 17,323.2 cubic yards of material, place measurement, at a cost of $6,340.31, all for maintenance. This work restored the previously dredged channel to project dimensions. The cost of other work pertaining to the maintenance of the im- provement was $1,835.73. The total cost of all work amounted to $8,176.04, all for main- tenance. The total expenditures amounted to $8,172.34. 282 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMlY, 1930 Condition at en d of fiscal year.--The project was completed in 1892. As shown by an examination made in May, 1930, after dredg- ing, the controlling depth at mean low water was 8 feet from the Hudson River up to the head of the improvement. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $40,928.23; $13,000 for new work and $27,928.23 for maintenance, and the total expend- itures amounted to $40,857.21. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $1,892.79. With this it is proposed to pay outstanding liabil- ities amounting to $71.02 and the cost of office expenses, miscellaneous investigations, and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. It is not believed that dredging for maintenance will be necessary during the next two years. Therefore, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929P consisted of coal. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925._. ............... 24,267 $4,520, 536 1928----12, 843 $303,763 ---- 16,178 1926--..........---------.......------...... 877,809 1929 _ - ----- 9, 206 94,54&6 1927--- .--------------- 17, 353 3, 665, 222 The decreased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to a decreased tonnage of coal and probably to the failure of carriers to report other commerce. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Coal--------------------------------.............--------------................----.. 100 5-10 Cost and finanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ---------------------------- $13, 000. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------- 27, 928. 23 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 40, 928. 23 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 71. 02 Net total expenditures--------------------- ---- 40, 857. 21 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------- 1, 892. 79 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------- 42, 750. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.... ............................................................... Cost of maintenance--------. --........ $37.41 $34. 07 $53. 35 $104.48 $8,176.04 Total expended---....---------------.-- -37.41 34.07 100.00 37. 16 8,172. 34 Allotted.......................... ------... 100.00 -- 9,900.00 200.00 -----------.......... RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 283 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------------- $165. 13 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 23, 1928----------------------9, 900. 00 Net amount to be accounted for----------------------------- 10, 065. 13 Gross amount expended ----------------------------------- 8, 172. 34 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------------- 1, 892. 79 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ---- ------ 71. 02 Balance available June 30, 1930---------- ----------------- 1, 821. 77 35. RONDOUT HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-This harbor comprises the tidal mouth, about one-half mile in length, of Rondout Creek, whose source is about 18 miles west of Rondout. The creek is about 60 miles long and empties into the Hudson River from the west about 89 miles north of the Battery, New York City, and 55 miles south of Albany; a dam crosses the creek at Eddyville, about 4 miles above the mouth. The drainage area is 386 square miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey Chart No. 283.) Original condition.-With the exception of the bar at the mouth, the creek was navigable for deep-draft vessels to the village of Rondout, and for vessels drawing less than 8 feet it was navigable from Rondout to the present head of navigation at the dam at Eddy- ville, which marked the easterly end of the Delaware & Hudson Canal, since abandoned. Prior to improvement by the United States, dredging by local interests and by the State of New York had re- sulted in the formation of a channel across the bar 7 feet deep at mean low water and about 400 feet wide, connecting deep water in Hudson River with that in the creek. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel across the mud flats at the mouth of the creek, about 3,000 feet long, 14 feet deep at mean low water, and 100 feet wide, to be secured by dredging; for two parallel dikes 350 feet apart, to maintain the channel, and for a branch dike to extend upstream from the outer end of the north dike to protect that dike from running ice in Hudson River. Mean tidal range, 3.4 feet; mean range of spring tides, 4.4 feet; extreme range, 8 feet; irregular fluctuations, due to freshets, are infrequent and do not materially affect navigation. The estimate of cost for. new work made in 1872, was $172,500. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10. 1872 (S. Doc. No. 35, 42d Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see House Document No. 390, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recomimended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Previous to improve- ment by the United States, local interests and the State of New York had spent an amount not now known in dredging at the mouth of the creek. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities which serve the im- provement consist of nine timber wharves, aggregating 7,050 feet in length, equipped with transfer facilities, all privately owned. The 284 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 existing terminals appear to be sufficient for the present needs of .navigation. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement, by permitting the use of rather large river steamers, has afforded the village of Rondout. and the city of Kingston the advantage of low freight and passenger rates and quick facilities for reaching commercial centers, especially New York City, during the navigation season. It affords access for the main towing fleet of the Hudson River to its home port as well as to the various shipyards located on the shores of Rondout Creek Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project has been regarded as completed since 1880; part of the diking originally proposed was not built because deemed of doubtful usefulness. Two parallel dikes of an aggregate length of about 5,000 feet, generally 350 feet apart, with a now obsolete spur from the old lighthouse south of the south dike have been built across the bar at the mouth of the creek, and a channel of project dimensions has been excavated between them from deep water in the Hudson River to deep water in the creek, a length of about -;000 feet: A branch dike about 1,000 feet long ex- tending northerly from the outer end of the north dike was also, constructed. All of the dikes are in fair condition. An examination made in November, 1927, showed that a shoal had formed along the south side of the channel but not of sufficient extent to seriously interfere with navigation; the controlling depth at mean low water was about 12.5 feet. The existing project was completed at a saving of $82,500 under the estimated cost. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930. was $219,482.61-$90,000 for new work and $129,482.61 for maintenance-and the total expenditures amounted to $219,482.61. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $393.21. With this it is proposed to pay the cost of office ex- penses and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. Additional -funds will be needed for maintenance to pay the cost of repairs to dikes. The sum of $1,000 can be profitably expended in this work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of coal, petroleum products, and building material. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925_---.___ -_ _-_-- 170,952 $8,224,104 1928____--- -------- 210, 742 $3,924, 261 ___-.- 1926_.... .----- 165,781 2,945,695 1929__-------- -------- 210, 977 5, 690, 592 1927----- 306,036 7,586,400 The increased value figures for 1929 is due to an increased tonnage of petroleum products. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 285 Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Petroleum products.........-----------------------------------------------------.. 49. 6 5-12 Coal -----------.................----------.................-------------------------------------------- 43.8 6-10 Building material..................-----------------------------------...........---------------------3. 6 5-10 Lumber-........--------....-----------------------------------------------------........................... 3. 0 8-12 Cost and financial summary Cost of new.work to June 30, 1930---------------------------$90, 000. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ ________---- - -____---129,482. 61 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930___________ 219, 482. 61 Net total expenditures._------------------------------------ 219, 482. 61 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------- 393. 21 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------ ___- __219,875.82 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.--- Cost of maintenance- _-_-_----.------__ $25, 975. 14 $15. 19 $540. 13 - Total expended-......-__. -_____ -_____-__ 25, 975. 14 15. 19 434. 62 $105. 51 Allotted----------------------------------_-------- -- 1, 674.18 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ ---- _____-__ _____-___ $393. 21 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------------393. 21 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - - 1, 000. 00 36. SAUGERTIES HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.--This harbor comprises about four- fifths of a mile in length of the tidal mouth of Esopus Creek, whose source is in Winnisook Lake about 25 miles west by south of Sauger- ties. The creek is about 60 miles long and empties into Hudson River from the west about 100 miles north of the Battery, New York City, and 44 miles south of Albany. The drainage area is 424 square miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 283.) Original condition.-The original depth at mean low water over a bar at the mouth of the creek was 3 feet. The head of navigation was and is at the wharves of the village of Saugerties, N. Y., about one-half mile below a dam and rapids and about 6,000 feet from deep water in Hudson River. Prior to improvement by the United States, dredging by the State of New York had provided a channel across the bar 7.5 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide. Previous pioject.-The original project, adopted July 5, 1884, was modified in 1887 and completed in 1892. The total cost of the project prior to commencing work under the existing project in 1902 1 Exclusive of available funds. 286 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARIMY, 1930 was $57,000-$36,090.34 for dike construction, $5,256.67 for channel dredging, $452.99 for contingencies, a total of $42,000 for new work; the cost of maintenance was $15,000. The total expenditures amounted to $57,000. For further details of previous project, see Annual Report for 1915, page 1765. Existing project.-The existing project provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide from deep water in Hudson River to the steamboat wharf in the village of Saugerties, a distance of about four-fifths of a mile, to be secured by dredging and rock removal between longitudinal pile dikes filled with rubble stone which were built hnder the previous project, and for the ex- tension of the south dike westward about 155 feet to the .shore line. Mean tidal range, 3.7 feet; mean range of spring tides, 4.4 feet; extreme range, 8.1 feet; irregular fluctuation due to freshets are infrequent and do not materially affect navigation. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1899, was $44,685, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The work was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 5, 1884, provided for longitudinal dikes (A. R. 1884, p. 716). and the act of June 13. 1902 nprovidd fnr the presen chan- nel dimensions and dike extension (H. Doc. No. 107, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and A. R. 1900, p. 1518). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Previous to improve- ment by the United States local interests and the State of New York had expended about $14,250 in the construction of dikes and dredging. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities which serve the im- provement consist of five timber wharves, aggregating 2,400 feet in length,- all privately owned, of which four, aggregating 1,600 feet in length, are open to public use. In addition to the above the Standard Oil Co. operates a terminal for the transfer of its product. The: existing terminals are sufficient for the present needs of naviga- tion. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, :66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has afforded the village of Saugerties the advantages of low freight and passenger rates and quick facilities for reaching commercial centers with freight during the season of navigation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The cost of contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement amounted to $36.82. The expenditures amounted to $36.82. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project has been considered completed since the completion of the channel excavation in 1913, although the shore extension of the south dike included in the project has not been built because the freshets, since the com- pletion of the Ashokan Dam on Esopus Creek, appear'to have been reduced to a point where they have no effect in scouring the channel. The north and south dikes are about 2,385 feet and 1,950 feet long, respectively, and about 260 feet apart, and are in good condition. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 287 An examination made after dredging, August, 1928, showed that the controlling depth was 12 feet at mean low water through a chan- nel 150 feet in width. The existing project was completed at a saving of $4,780 under the estimated cost. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $101,132.19-$7,624.76 for rock removal, $31,768.61 for channel dredging, and $511.54 for con- tingencies, a total of $39,904.91 for new work-the cost of main- tenance was $61,227.28. The total expenditures amounted to $101,132.19. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $617.81. With this it is proposed to prosecute such minor work of maintenance as may be urgently necessary. It is not believed that any additional work of maintenance will be necessary during the next two years. Therefore, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Coirmercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of building material and general merchandise. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925--------...... 947 26, $1, 446,422 18, 399 1928-------- 38, 940 $4, 433, 581 11, 778 1926 ....... 30, 761 2, 049, 608 15, 192 1929-------- 43, 639 5, 603, 646 9, 295 1927-------- 46, 504 3, 475, 697 400 14, The increased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to an increased tonnage of building material, lumber, and general mer- chandise. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Building material.......----------------------------------------------- 55.1 5-10 General merchandise. ----------------------------------------- 38.2 6-14 Cost andf nancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $81,904.91 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 76, 227. 28 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------158, 132. 19 Net total expenditures 132. 19 1--------------------------- Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------ -------- --- 617. 81 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------- 58, 750. 00 11714--ENG 1930------19 288 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....----------------------------------------------------- ----- Cost of maintenance--- ------------------- $2, 087. 16 $6, 829. 76 $1, 926. 62 $12,261.88 $36.82 Total expended..------------------------- 2,087. 16 6,829. 76 5,806. 32 12, 737. 54 36.82 Allotted---------- ....... ---------------- ----------- 20,000.00 ----------------- ----------- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__--_---- -____-------- $654.66 Gross amount expended----- ---------------------------------- 36. 82 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930__----------- ------ 617. 8k 37. HUDSON RIVER, N. Y. Location and description.-The Hudson River has its source in the Adirondack Mountains, about 250 miles in a direct line and 314 miles following its course to the Battery, New York City, and flows in a generally southerly direction into New York Bay. The section under improvement extends from Waterford to Hudson, a distance of 38 miles. Hudson is 117 miles north of the Battery, New York City. The river is tidal to the Federal dam at Troy, N. Y., 153: miles north of the Battery. Above the dam the drainage{ area is about 9,900 square miles and is in general mountainous and wooded. The fall in the upper portion is very rapid. The discharge varies within wide limits; the low-water discharge is generally assumed at about 2,000 second-feet, but discharges as low as 1,500 second-feet and as high as 240,000 second-feet have been observed; the latter discharge occurred March 28, 1913, and raised the river to an eleva- tion of 23.5 feet above " lowest low water " at Albany, N. Y., and 31.6: feet above the same plane at the dam at Troy, N. Y. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 283 and 284.) Original condition.-After partial improvement by the State of New York there was a narrow and crooked channel between banks 650 to 3,000 feet apart, with a navigable depth at mean low water. varying from 31/2 to 11 feet between Waterford and Coxsackie, and of 12 feet and more between Coxsackie and Hudson. From Hudson to New York a natural depth of 25 feet and more existed, except over a few shoals. The river above Hudson was obstructed by sand bars, making the channel tortuous and unstable, and navigable by small, shallow-draft vessels only. The head of boat navigation was origi-. nally at Waterford, and of logging navigation near the headwaters. The navigable length, commencing at the Battery, was about 155 miles. Later the river became the southern and eastern outlet for the Champlain and Erie Canals, connecting with the Champlain Canal at Waterford in a pool formed by a dam built by the State of New York about 1823 at Troy, and with the Erie Canal opposite Troy and at Albany. In 1831 the mean range of tides was reported as follows: Troy, 1.09 feet; Albany, 2.09 feet; Castleton, 1.7 feet;: and New Baltimore, 2.83 feet. Previous projects.-The improvement was commenced by the State of New York in 1797. The original project for improvement by the United States was adopted in 1834 and modified in 1852 and 1866. From 1834 to 1892 the improvement was carried on by the State of New York in conjunction with the Federal Government, and the RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 289 actual control was only settled by the courts, the United States assuming legal-control in 1891. The cost of all work under this project was $1,667,938. (A. R. 1911, p. 171.) A second project was adopted July 13, 1892, and modified in 1899. The cost of the work under this project was $3,444,655.50 for new work, including $48,432.37 for work in other localities referred to in the Annual Report for 1911, page 172, and $346,797.08 for main- tenance, a total cost of $3,791,452.58. The total cost of work under all previous projects was $5,459,390.58--$5,112,593.50 for new work and $346,797.08 for maintenance. The total expenditures prior to commencing work under the existing project in 1910 amounted to $5,459,390.58. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 27 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide up to Hudson; thence 400 feet wide through rock cuts, and 300 feet wide elsewhere, from Hudson to the Albany-Greenbush Bridge in Albany; thence a channel 12 feet deep at lowest low water to Waterford, with a general width of 400 feet to the dam at Troy and 200 feet thence to Waterford, in- creased at bends and widened to form harbors in front of the cities of Troy and Albany; and removal of the State dam at Troy and the construction of a lock and dam about 21/2 miles below Waterford. The following table contains information concerning the various features of the lock and dam included in the existing project" Location : Below Waterford -- _ _______---------- miles_ 2. 5 Above Battery, N. Y-----------------------------------do. 152. 5 Lock : Clear width ------------ feet__ 44. 44 Greatest length available for full width------------------do_ 492. 5 Lift at lowest stages-----------------do .--- 16. 3 Depth on miter sills at lowest low water- Upper __---------------------------------------------__do-- 16.3 Lower____------------------------------------------------do---- 14.0 Character of foundation : Rock. Kind of dam: Fixed. Type of construction: Concrete. Completed : 1917. Cost : $1,463,014.07. The channel is to be formed by dredging and rock excavation, and to be maintained by dredging and by constructing new and raising and repairing old longitudinal dikes, built partly under previous projects and partly by the State of New York. The mean range of tides at the dam in seasons of moderate rains is about 2.55 feet, as determined in 1903. At Broadway, Troy, the range is about 3 feet and at Albany about 3.3 feet, as determined in 1920. At New Balti- more it is about 3.2 feet, at Coxsackie about 3.5 feet, and at Hudson about 4 feet. The lowest low-water plane of the pool above the Federal dam at Troy to Waterford is 14.33 feet above mean sea level at Sandy Hook, N. J. In the tidal section of the river below the dam the assumed lowest low-water plane from Troy to Albany is 2 feet below mean sea level at Sandy Hook, N. J. In a measure, as the channels above Hudson are improved, the range of tide increases and the low-water plane falls. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $18,899,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $316,000. 290 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 30 The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the 12-foot chan- nel and for the lock and dam at Troy (H. Doc. No. 719, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of March 3, 1925, provided for the 27-foot channel from Hudson to Albany (H. Doc. No. 350, 68th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the 27-foot channel below Hudson, N. Y. (H. Doc. No. 210, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). For maps showing part of the projected work see House Documents Nos. 719, Sixty-first Congress, second session, 350, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session, and 210, Seventieth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Locda cooperation.-The extent of the local cooperation required by the existing project (H. Doc. No. 719, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) was: (a) That the existing water-power rights and privileges granted to certain manufacturing interests by the State of New York in connec- tion with the State dam at Troy be extinguished; (b) that the city of Troy aid in the harbor improvement at that point by securing the expenditure of approximately $420,559 in constructing and main- taining public docks and warehouses, and by preventing refuse from passing into the channel from its sewer system or from creeks, and by removing any such deposits it made within its corporate limits; (c) that the city of Albany aid in harbor improvements at its water front, expending approximately $105,000 for improving its termi- nal structures and facilities along its harbor front. The New York State Canal Board complied with the first condition by its resolu- tion, dated November 22, 1910, extinguishing existing water-power rights and privileges. The abandonment of the State dam at Troy by the State automatically extinguished the leases for water power developed at this dam. The cooperation required from the city of Troy has been complied with; about 6,600 linear feet of new docks have been constructed. The installation of modern transfer facili- ties is contemplated. The State authorities have built a canal ter- minal at Troy, have purchased a site for another terminal at Troy, and have constructed a new terminal at Cohoes. The cooperation required from the city of Albany has been amply complied with by a comprehensive scheme of water-front improvement, now com- pleted, which includes a canal terminal built by the State of New York. The canal terminals constructed at Troy and Albany have cost to date about $650,000. The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925 (H. Doc. No. 350, 68th Cong., 1st sess.), provides that local interest shall- (a) Provide without expense to the United States, dumping grounds for dredged material when these must be purchased. (b) Organize an agency to design, construct, and operate suitable terminals, and to promote the actual transfer of freight between ship and rail at such terminals. (c) Before any Federal funds are expended on channel improvement, make -provisions satisfactory to the Chief of Engineers and the Secretary of War for the construction of terminals, providing, exclusive of pier ends, 3,600 feet -of berthage, of which not less than 600 feet shall be designed and equipped for the economical handling of lumber; supporting warehouses, one of which shall be cold storage; a grain elevator capable of handling 1,000,000 tons of grain per season; and a publicly controlled belt-line railroad connecting the terminals with all railroads entering the capital district. In complying with these provisions, condition (b) has been ful- filled by the creation of an Albany port district, and the appoint- RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 291 ment by the Governor of the State of New York of a commission consisting of five members, known as the Albany Port District Com- mission, under authority of an act of the State legislature approved March 25, 1925. (Ch. 192, Laws of New York.) The commission is empowered by the said act with authority over the survey, development, control, and operation of port facilities and the coordination of same with existing or future agencies of trans- portation; to issue certificates of indebtedness; to formulate and adopt a financial building and operation program; determine upon the location, size, and construction of requisite port facilities sub- ject to the approval of the Secretary of War and Chief of Engi- neers, United States Army; lease, erect, construct, make, equip, and maintain port facilities in the district, and for such purposes to acquire real property, including easements therein, lands under water and riparian rights by agreement or condemnation; contract with any municipality in the district for the construction by the mu- nicipality of one or more docks, wharves, terminals, or warehouses to belong to the municipality and be maintained by it; execute contracts and issue and sell obligations of the port district; fix rates, charges, and wharfages for all port facilities and collect rates, charges, and wharfages for such facilities owned by the district;; operate and maintain all port facilities owned by it; regulate and supervise the construction and operation of all port facilities; ex- pend money appropriated by the State, if any, for the purpose of this act; create and maintain a traffic bureau; employ such clerical, engineering, legal, or other professional assistance as it may deem necessary; and to do all things necessary to make the deeper Hud- son project useful and productive. To meet condition (a) the commission, by resolution adopted July 1 1925, obligated themselves to provide, without expense to the ,niced States, dumping grounds for dredged material when these must be purchased. The commission to date has provided 67.47 acres of upland on the east side of the river at Van Wies Point, 147.25 acres on the lower end of Upper Schodack Island, and 195.83 acres on the upper end of Lower Schodack Island, 123 acres on Campbell Island, 57 acres on the west side of the river at Cedar Hill, 21 acres on the west side of the river just south of Coeymans, 210 acres on Houghtailing Island, and 160 acres on Bronks Island. In compliance with the requirements of condition (c) the com- mission has by resolution of October 1, 1926, bound itself to build a belt-line railroad and railway connection to meet the Delaware & Hudson and the New York Central Railroads, and to provide at some future date, if required by the Chief of Engineers and the Sec- retary of War, direct connection with the Boston & Maine Railroad, and has submitted plans of the proposed terminal developments. All plans and resolutions submitted by the commission were approved by the Secretary of War October 6, 1926, as satisfactorily meeting the conditions of local cooperation, with the understanding that the continued prosecution of the work by the Government will be de- pendent upon the Port District Commission making satisfactory progress with the work which it has obligated itself to do. The commission is making rapid progress in the construction of terminals at Westerlo Island in Albany and along the water front of the city of Rensselaer. The following work of construction has 292 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 been completed: 3,500 linear feet of dock wall, consisting of a tim ber substructure and concrete superstructure, 1,716,212 cubic yards of material dredged in deepening and widening the channel has been placed for fill, 19,076 cubic yards of broken rock placed for slope protection, and water mains and sanitary and storm sewers con- structed at Westerlo Island; and 600 linear feet of the timber sub- structure of the dock wall has been completed and 85 per cent of the concrete superstructure has been completed, 418,668 cubic yards of material dredged in deepening and widening the channel has been placed for fill, 4,655 cubic yards of broken rock placed for slope protection on the Rensselaer side of the river. Contracts have been entered into for the construction of railroad tracks and a large transit shed. The river has been under improvement since 1797. The State of New York carried on this work exclusively until 1831, and in con- junction with the United States until 1892, when its cooperation ceased. From 1797 to 1892 the State expended in building dikes and dredging $1,279,749 and $263,462.63 in connection with the State lock and dam at Troy and the canal basin at Albany. There was also considerable work done by local interests and navigation companies, but its cost is not known. Terminal facilities.-The piers and other terminal or transfer facilities served by the improvement are as follows: Between Waterford and the Federal dam at Troy there are 14 timber wharves with solid fill in the rear, aggregating approximately 5,000 feet in length, all privately owned. The State of New York has constructed a barge-canal terminal at Cohoes. The Ford Motor Co. has constructed a dock 325 feet long on the west side of the river just north of the Federal dam. Privately owned wharves consisting of timber bulkheads with solid fill in the rear, and at many places equipped with transfer facilities, extend practically the entire length of the water front of the city of Troy, approximately 7,350 feet in length. The city of Troy has completed the reconstruction of approximately 6,600 feet of these wharves, leaving 750 linear feet of old timber docks in place. Many of these docks are but little used; those needed will be reconstructed in the near future. It is proposed to equip the new wharves with modern transfer facilities. At Adams Street, Troy, the State of New York has constructed a concrete barge-canal terminal 970 feet in length, equipped with light derricks, a traveling crane, and store- houses. The State also proposes to construct an additional terminal just south of the site formerly occupied by the old State dam, when needed. At the United States arsenal, at Watervliet, there is a stone bulk- head 800 feet long with solid fill in the rear. Between this point and Albany there are five timber wharves, aggregating 4,275 feet in length, all privately owned. At Albany there are, exclusive of the wharves being provided by the Albany Port District Commission, approximately 10,300 linear feet of timber wharves, all privately owned. The State of New York has constructed a barge-canal terminal 1,400 feet in length. and the city of Albany has constructed concrete wharves 3,200 feet in length, which are leased to the various transportation companies. The city contemplates the reconstruction of some 2,400 linear feet rIVE1Ss AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 293 of the present timber wharves, which will be open to public use. At Island Creek (South Albany) the Delaware & Hudson Railroad Co. owns approximately 3,100 feet of timber wharves, which are free to railroad shippers. On Westerlo Island, south of Albany, the Standard Oil Co. of New York has constructed a concrete dock 466 feet in length, which is used for the transfer of their products. At Rensselaer there are approximately 1,350 feet of timber wharves, all privately owned. Between Albany and Hudson there are about 100 timber wharves, aggregating 36,700 feet in length, all privately owned. At Hudson there are 12 timber wharves, aggregating .5,000 feet in length all privately owned. At Athens there are nine timber wharves, aggregating approxi- mately 4,000 feet, all privately owned. Existing wharves and terminals appear to be inadequate to accom- modate efficiently and economically the traffic of the Hudson River, but it is expected that upon the completion of the terminal facilities now under construction or proposed they will be ample. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The through waterway formed by the IHudso: 1iver and the New York State canals has in the past tended to determine through freight rates from the Middle West and Canada to ~te Atlantic and Gulf ports, but it is doubtful if its effect under existing conditions is very great. The improvement made prior to the adoption of the existing enlarged project has resulted in con- siderably increased navigation facilities. Active work of excavating the channel ofT 27-foot depth is in progress; the effect on the com- merce of the port can not be determined until a through channel of that depth and of navigable width has been dredged. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Contract operations in connection with the deepening of the channel to 27 feet at mean low water in the vicinity of Albany, Van Wies Point, Castleton, Mulls, and from Coeymans to Coxsackie and from Priming Hook to Hud- :son, resulted in the removal of 10,676,930 cubic yards of soft mate- rial, 195,550 cubic yards of rock and in the drilling and blasting of 25,200 cubic yards of rock, from 19.25 miles of channel at a cost of $1,845,722.15. There was expended for this work $1,712,152.87. Surveys were made and plans and specifications were prepared for additional dredging to a depth of 27 feet at mean low water at a cost of $5,010.74. There was expended for this work $4,545.51. By the use of the lighter Hudson River No. 16 there were removed from two shoals north of the dam at Troy 435 cubic yards of mate- rial at a cost of $975.95 for maintenance. There was expended for this work $346.39. By the use of Government plant and hired labor, major repairs were made to Papscanee Dike and Schermerhorn Island Dike, and minor repairs to several other dikes at a cost of $28,745.85 for main- tenance. There was expended for this work $24,166.04. The cost of general engineering and contingencies was $9,251.44 for new work and $822.94 for maintenance, a total of $10,074.38. The total cost for new work was $1,859,984.33 and for maintenance $30,442.66, a total of $1,890,426.99. The total expenditures amounted to $1,866,989.93. 294 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 53 per cent of the existing project has been completed. This includes the following items: Troy lock and dam, removal of old dam at Troy, and construction of new dikes so far as authorized at present. Under this latter item 15,545 linear feet of new diking have been constructed. In the reconstruc- tion of old dikes 39,672 linear feet have been raised to the adopted crest height. The work of deepening and widening the channel under the project of 1910 has been completed with the exception of a small part of the widening to form harbors at Albany and Troy; it is not deemed necessary to complete this widening for the present. The work of deepening the channel south of Albany to 27 feet at mean low water has resulted in the removal of soft material from 136,000 linear feet of channel, and rock from one-half of the channel for a distance of 3,150 feet. The ruling depths at mean low water and widths of the existing channel from Hudson to Waterford on June 30, 1930, were as follows: Locality Depth Width Locality Depth Width Feet Feet Feet Feet Hudson to Coxsackie....--.......-----------. 15. 5 160 Mulls Rocks to Castleton Bridge- 27. 0 200 Coxsackie to Stonehouse Bar-..... 27. 0 170 Castleton Bridge to Parda Hook.. 16. 0 140 Across Stonehouse Bar---...--------.. 27. 0 300 Pards Hook to Albany.......-----------..15. 0 110 Stonehouse Bar to Coeymans ..- 18. 0 100 Albany to Troy Dam............. 12. 3 150 Coeymans to North Coeymans.... 27. 0 300 Troy Dam to Waterford----------.... 12. 0 150 Over Mulls Rocks--..-------------............. 27. 0 200 The navigable widths through the draw of bridges spanning the river, measured on a line normal to the channel, are as follows: Feet Greenbush Bridge, Albany------------------------------------- 160 New York Central passenger bridge, Albany--------------------- ------ 90 New York Central freight bridge, Albany----------------------------90 Congress Street Bridge, Troy--_------ -------------------- 180 Delaware & Hudson Bridge, Troy ------------------------------ ----- 45 Cohoes-Lansingburg, Troy (bascule span) ---------------------- 200 The following table of monthly averages of daily tide readings at Albany, N. Y., indicates stages above datum plane that may be expected at different seasons. [Datum=L. L. W.=--2.0 M. S. L.=-2.25 M. L. W.] Year Tide Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1922_ f_ JHigh_.... 4.57 5.34 7.38 9.66 6.39 7.15 6. 07 5. 69 5. 54 5. 36 5.15 4. 80 1922ow.... 2.61 3. 71 5. 99 8. 63 3.72 4.61 2.80 2.30 2.08 1.97 1.81 2.17 High_.... 1923____________ 1Low..... 5.08 4.70 6.43 8.61 6.66 5.57 5. 34 5. 29 5. 28 5. 38 5. 72 6. 59 3.51 2.73 4.89 7. 30 4. 22 2.13 1.84 1.82 1.93 1.98 2.53 4. 31 1924H----- igh .... 1Low..... i 6. 05 4. 51 5. 04 2. 98 5. 79 3. 83 8. 53 7. 72 8. 03 6. 36 5. 67 2. 22 5. 36 1.85 5. 40 1.96 5. 59 2. 32 5. 86 2. 55 5. 39 2.01 4. 79 2.15 1925• fHigh_.... 4. 56 7. 25 7. 69 7.04 6. 07 5. 67 5. 64 5. 62 5. 80 5. 67 6. 73 5. 76 1Low.... 2. 32 5.80 "6.56 5. 26 3. 32 2. 41 2. 92 2. 25 2. 54 2. 86 4.81 3. 51 1926- - fHigh .... 4. 88 5. 02 5. 77 8. 48 6. 52 5. 78 5. 54 5. 65 5. 65 5. 08 6. 46 5. 02 1Low.... 3.07 3.25 4.42 7. 29 4. 16 2. 46 2.00 2.15 2.30 2.86 4.26 3. 16 1927____________ igh.... 4.73 5.67 7.50 6.10 6. 41 5.72 5.57 5.68 5.70 6.07 7.32 7. 30 1927Low-... 2.94 4.18 6.15 3. 54 3. 73 2.18 1.79 2. 05 2.12 2. 84 5.01 5. 64 f1928High.... 5.01 5. 57 5.99 7.53 6. 57 6. 38 6.17 6. 95 5. 77 5. 36 5.12 5. 07 1928--------Low..... 4.50 4.21 3. 96 5. 86 4.01 3. 25 2.81 2. 47 2.12 1.76 1.60 1.61 1929_ High-.... 4. 69 4. 94 7. 57 8. 65 6. 86 5. 87 5. 55 5. 39 5. 51 5. 38 5. 56 5.14 .1929-------- Low-..... 2. 62 2. 75 5. 97 7. 31 4. 66 2.13 1.72 1.42 1.54 1.38 1.44 1.79 The deepening and widening of the channel under the project of 1892 and existing project has caused an increase in the mean tidal RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 295 range of the upper portion of the river, extending from Troy to about New Baltimore. The mean range at Albany, as determined in 1910, was 2.9 feet, being approximately 0.6 foot greater than the range previous to the adoption of the project of 1892, which pro- vided for a channel from Coxsackie to the State dam at Troy 12 feet deep at mean low water, equivalent to about 8.9 feet at lowest low water, present datum plane. From recent observations the present range at Albany is about 3.3 feet, showing an increase of about 0.4 foot, due to the work which has already been completed under the existing project. The navigation season extends usually from about March 15 to December 15; during the remainder of the year the river is closed by ice. Dike construction since the first improvement was begun by the State of New York has resulted in the construction of longitudinal dikes on both sides of the river between Troy and Stuyvesant, a dis- tance of about 24 miles, nearly continuous, except where the fixed character of the shores made them unnecessary. Between Stuyve- sant and Hudson (the southern limit of the present project) longi- tudinal dikes have been constructed at Fordham Point and Stock- port. The channel of 12 feet depth at lowest low water has greatly benefited navigation by the class of vessels now using it. At Troy tows pass the lock in less than one-sixth of the time required at the old lock. The maximum depth available at mean low water is 15 feet with a least width of about 110 feet below Albany, and 12.3 feet with a least width of 150 feet between Albany and Troy. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists in a small amount of channel widening to complete the work of forming harbors at Troy and Albany, completing repairs to dikes, and completing the excavating of a channel 27 feet deep at mean low water from Hudson to the Albany Greenbush Bridge at Albany, now about 60 per cent completed, and dredging the 27-foot channel be- low Hudson, N. Y., provided for in the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. Total costs under the existing project were construction of lock and dam at Troy, $1,463,014.07; removal of old State dam and excava- tion of entrance channels to new lock, $507,246.23; construction of fender cribs at entrances to new lock, $77,627.62; dredging and rock removal, $2,981,987.74; dredging, $3,920,655.78; construction of dikes, $671,235.13; and for engineering and contingencies, $551,729.12; a total of $10,173,495.69 for new work; and dredging, $565,081.64; re- pairs to dikes, $629,308.60; engineering and contingencies, $110,- 519.46; a total of $1,304,909.70 for maintenance-a grand total of $11,478,405.39. The total expenditures under the new project amounted to $11,532,862.30. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $2,325,276.82. With this it is proposed to: Complete by September 1, 1930, by dredging under a contract in force, the excavation of a channel of project dimensions from Westerlo Island to Dominies Hook at a contract cost of $585,- 834.48, of which amount $96,650.40 is to be paid out of funds deposited with the United States by the Albany Port District Commission and $489,184.08 is to be paid by the United States, for improvement. Amount remaining to be earned- $87, 899. 75 296 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Complete by November 1, 1930, by dredg'ng under a contract in force, the excavation through ledge rock of a channel of project depth and navigable width between Dominies Hook and Bear Island, for improvement. Amount remaining to be earned- ___ $170, 951. 27 Complete by November 6, 1930, by dredging and rock removal under a contract in force, the excavation of a channel through ledge rock of project dimensions between New Baltimore and Matthews Point, for improvement. Amount remaining to be earned ---- ----------------------------- ------- 167, 048. 25 Complete by October 22, 1930, by dredging under a contract in force, the excavation of a channel of project dimensions between Coxsackie and Hudson, for improvement. Amount remaining to be earned------------------------------------------ 153, 389.92 Complete by June 30, 1931, by dredging and rock removal under a contract to be entered into, the excavation from the project channel, of isolated areas of ledge rock between Albany and Hudson, at a contract price of $197,985.20 of which amount $7,530 is to be paid out of funds deposited with the United States by the Albany Port D!strict Commission and $190,455.20 is to be paid by the United States, for improvement----------- 190, 455. 20 Complete by December 1, 1932, by dredging and rock removal under a continuing contract to be entered into, the excavation of a channel of project dimensions between Shad Island and Coeymans, at an estimated cost of $780,000, for improvement. Estimated earnings of contractor to June 30, 1931------------460, 000. 00 Complete by December 1, 1932, by dredging and rock removal, under a continuing contract to be entered into, the excavation of a channel of project dimensions between Dominies Hook and Bear Island, at an estimated cost of $500,000, for improvement. Estimated earnings of contractor to June 30, 1931----------- 250, 000.00 Complete by October 1, 1930, by dredging under a contract to be entered into, the excavation of a channel of project dimensions in the vicinity of Abbey Cut and near Shad Island, for improvement -------------------------------------------_ 60, 000. 00 Remove by contracts to be entered into or by the use of Govern- ment plant and the hire of labor, shoals which may form in the channel between Waterford and Hudson, for maintenance- --- 299, 000. 00 Operating Government plant consisting of pile drivers, derrick boats, etc., in repairing dikes, for maintenance, as follows: (1) Repairs to Papscanee Dike, 2 months (July- August, 1930) -------------------------- $9, 400.00 (2) Complete repairs to Schermerhorn Island Dike, 5 months (July-November, 1930)----------- 18, 500. 00 (3) Repair Cow Island Dike, 8 months (July, 1930- June, 1931) ---------------------------- 40,000.00 (4) Minor repairs to dikes as necessary during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931 (8 months) 13, 500. 00 81, 400. 00 Outstanding liabilities ------------------------------------- 165, 515. 62 General field expenses, including surveys, inspection, miscel- laneous investigations, and contingenc'es ------------------- 156, 616. 81 Engineering, superintendence, and administration -------------- 83, 000. 00 For improvement, $1,915,276.82; for maintenance, $410,000.00 Total ------------------------------ 2, 325, 276. 82 The Albany Port Commission is making good progress in con- structing terminals at Westerlo Island and along the water front of Rensselaer. The present rate of progress indicates that the new port may be prepared to handle cargoes of deep-draft vessels by 1931. It is proposed, therefore, to prosecute work of channel improvement in such order and at such rate as to provide a channel of project depth RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, X. Y., DISTRICT 97 and navigable width by that time. To accomplish this, $725,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: For payment to contractor of amounts earned under the above- mentioned continuing contracts ----------------------------- $320, 000 Remove by contract or Government plant shoals which may have formed in the channel between Waterford and Hudson, for main- tenance ------------------------------------------------- 280, 000 Repairs to dikes, for maintenance ____----------- ------ 60, 000 Engineering, superintendence, and contingencies---------- ---- 65, 000 Total---------------- -- --------------------------- 725,000 Commercial statistics.-The major portion of the freight was car- ried in towed or self-propelled barges and canal boats, and con- sisted mainly of petroleum products, building material, general merchandise, lumber, and iron and steel. The passenger traffic is carried by fast steamers having a maximum draft of 13 feet. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925....... 1,578, 626 $91, 309, 658 2, 128, 649 1928........ 1, 471,679 $101, 274,331 1, 877, 571 1926... 1,345, 65 95, 818,606 1,-545?014 1,329,036 1929-........ 101, 226,494 2, 291, 028 1927 --- - 1,481, 987 101, 783, 725 1,691, 054 Exclusive of the following traffic: CARGOES IN TRANSIT Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925--.------------------- 1, 667, 993 $135,753,246 1928----------------------- 1, 531, 583 $92, 511, 436 1926.....-------------------1,024,608 55,117, 310 1929-------------------2, 375, 523 143, 481, 589 1927.....------------------- 1, 890, 827 101 713, 256 The decreased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to a decreased tonnage of building material and coal and coke. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet Petroleum products .----- --- ----------------------------------------- 59. 3 6-12 Building material ------------------------------------------------------- 17. 4 6-12 General merchandise.................... --- -------------------------------- 15.2 8-16 Lumber ----------------------------------.................................................-------------------------- 2. 8 6-12 Iron and steel____ _______ . _. ...-------------------------------------- 2. 4 8-10 298 REPORT OF CHIEP OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930____----_____________ $15, 286, 089. 19 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------ _________-_ _ 1, 651, 706. 78 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-___---- 16, 937, 795. 97 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930----- 196, 876. 14 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ------- __-_______ _ 17, 134, 672. 11 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930----- ___-_________ 23, 096. 39 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 7, 157, 768. 50 1_____________________ Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ----- ______ _____ 165, 515. 62 Net total expenditures --------------------------- 116, 992, 252. 88 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 2, 325, 276. 82 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ----- ___- 19, 317, 529. 70 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.__-------------------$114, 712. 19 $168, 872. 68 $693, 533. 51 $645, 282. 31 $1,859,984.33 Cost of maintenance.....---....------------ --- 203, 425. 29 144, 762. 20 51, 616. 26 79, 324. 18 30, 442. 66 Total cost.---. .- 318, 137.148 ..------------------ 313, 634.88 745, 149. 77 426. 99 724, 606. 49 1, 8O0, Total expended-_ _------.-------------- 318, 137. 48 313, 634. 88 765, 628. 81 756, 783. 28 1, 866, 989. 93 Allotted_---..-------------------------- 50, 000.00 2,000,000.00 1,706,005.14 900, 000. 00 1, 125, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 '----2-------- - $3, 067, 266. 75 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-------------------------------- 1, 125, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for____________________ 4, 192, 266. 75 Gross amount expended ---------------------- $1, 867,279. 93 Less receipts from sales----------------------- 290. 00 1, 866, 989.93 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930______ __ -__ 2, 325, 276. 82 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 -------- - 165, 515. 62 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts------ 588, 157. 10 753, 672. 72 Balance available June 30, 1930-- 1______-__-____ 1, 571, 604. 10 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930---------------------___ 23, 096. 39 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 ________ 1, 594, 700. 49 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 8___---- ---- -__-___- 6,800, COo. 00 6___________ Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work a_ ----------------- 350, 000. 00 For maintenance a________ __________ - -- - --- __________ 375, 000.00 Total 3--------------------------------------------- ---- 725, 000. 00 38. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCK AND DAM IN HUDSON RIVER AT TROY, N. Y. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for improving Hudson River, N. Y. See 1 Corrected to include $500.57 not carried in previous report. 1 Corrected to exclude $500.57 erroneously carried in previous years. * Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 299 pages 288 to 298, where general information regarding the im- provement can be found. The completed lock and dam has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropria- tion since August 18, 1915. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The lock and dam are situated at Troy, N. Y., and were constructed in a pool formed by the old State dam and lock, formerly located 1,400 feet south. Operation of the lock for the 1929 navigation season was suspended December 31, 1929. The operating machinery was overhauled, new steel counterweight wheels were installed in all valve chambers, new manganese wheels were furnished and installed on the north valves, a new railing was constructed along the west lock wall, the fender booms were overhauled and renewed, minor repairs were made to the buildings, grounds, etc., and the entrance channels were dredged. The operation of the lock for the season of 1930 was begun on March 28, 1930. The cost of the work during the fiscal year was as follows: Operation, $16,426.65; maintenance and repairs, $2,889.16; improve- ment and reconstruction, $3,279.33; channel dredging, $1,299.20; a total of $23,894.34. The total expenditures during the fiscal year amounted to $23,949.93. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing works are in good condition. The total cost to June 30, 1930, amounted to $347,832.48. The total expenditures to June 30, 1930, amounted to $345,777.70. Proposed operations.-The lock will be operated and the lock and dam will be maintained. The machinery will be overhauled, dwell- ings will be repaired and painted, the power house and other service buildings will be repaired, the fender booms will be maintained, the lower and intermediate gates will be painted, and any shoaling which may form at the southern entrance to the lock will be removed. Funds for the work are provided by allotment from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 'of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-Practically all the commerce passing through the lock is carried in towed or self-propelled canal boats and barges. The principal commodities are grain, lumber, paper, sand, clay, salt, sugar, sulphur, coal, ores, metals and manufactures, building material, and petroleum products. Passenger traffic is negligible in quantity and consisted mainly of pleasure craft, as no regular passenger vessels pass the lock. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value - __... - 1925_............ 2,014, 457 $115, 358, 166 1928---------------------..................... 2, 704, 519 $152, 514, 806 1926- - - - 1,909, 740 100, 217, 692 1929.--------------------- 2,569,631 138, 572, 31 1927 .... 2,246, 444 ..---------------------- 121, 206, 886 The decreased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to dull- ness in the grain traffic. 300 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial sunmmary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------__ -------- $347, 832.48 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 _------------...-_____ 2, 054. 78 Net total expenditures ------------ -_____ -_ 345, 777. 70 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------_-------- - 1, 334. 56 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 347, 112. 26 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work____ ... ..... __..I , -- - , i. - -- , Cost of maintenance............_ -- ...... $20, 008. 76 $20, 041.07 $21,747.47 $23, 140. 10 $23, 894.34 Total expended_-----......----------_-. . 20,008. 76 20, 041, 07 22, 759.02 22, 947.27 23, 949. 93 Allotted.----------------.----.. --.---- 19, 500.00 18,000.00 21, 800.00 18, 500.00 20,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ----------------------------- $5, 284. 49 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909 --------------------------- 20, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_ _ -- -- ------------ 25, 284. 49 Gross amount expended-_____- - _________-__ _ 23,949.93 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ___.____________--_ 1, 334. 56 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930- ------ _--------------- - 2, 054. 78 Balance available June 30, 1930- --.------------------ -- 720. 22 Amount allotted for the fiscal year 1931___--------- ----- 24, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931---------------------23, 279. 78 39. NARROWS OF LAKE CHAMPLAIN, N. Y. AND VT. Location and description.---This waterway is the southern end of Lake Champlain, 37 miles long, between Whitehall and Crown Point, N. Y. The portion included in the project extends from Whitehall, N. Y., at the southern extremity of the lake, northerly to Benson Landing, Vt., a distance of 131/2 statute miles. Burlington Harbor, Vt., is 70 statute miles by water north of Whitehall, and New York City is 214 miles south by water via the Champlain division of the New York State Barge Canal and the Hudson River. This reach is a link of the international waterway between New York City and Montreal, a distance of about 400 miles via the Hudson River, Cham- plain Canal, Lake Champlain, Richelieu River, Chambly Canal, and St. Lawrence River. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 174.) Original condition.-The channel through the reach under im- provement was narrow and tortuous, with a controlling depth of from 91/2 to 10 feet at low lake level and widths varying from 75 to 200 feet. The depth limiting through traffic to Canadian waters was and is that of the Chambly Canal-7 feet. The head of navigation for lake traffic was and is at the canal lock at Whitehall. Previous projects.-Under appropriations of July 4, 1836, March 3, 1837, and July 7, 1838, there was expended $33,000 in dredging a achannel in Whitehall Harbor, which is at the southern end of the Narrows; the expenditures on this work included the cost of con- structing a dredge. The project adopted August 5, 1886 (H. Ex. RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 301 Doc. No. 138 and S. Doc. No. 211, 48th Cong., 2d sess.), as modified by the acts of July 13, 1892, and March 3, 1899, provided for a chan- nel from Whitehall, N. Y., to deep water in Lake Champlain, to be 12 feet deep at low lake level and from 100 to 200 feet wide, and for fender-boom protection to prevent collisions of boats with rocky shores at Putts Rock, at a point near Beacon No. 8 and at Pulpit Rock. Estimated cost, $121,000, including certain maintenance work not separated in the estimate. The cost of maintenance was esti- mated at $2,500 annually. The total cost and expenditures under all projects prior to the commencement of work under the existing proj- ect in 1917 amounted to $134,140.35-$115,000 for new work and $19,140.35 for maintenance. Existing project.--This provides for a channel extending from Whitehall, N. Y., at the head of Lake Champlain, to Benson Land- ing, to be 12 feet deep at low lake level and of a general width of 200 feet on the bottom, and the installation of fender booms at Putts Rock, Putts Leap, Narrows near Dresden, Pulpit Point, and Cedar Mountain. The reference plane of the low lake level is 92.5 feet above mean sea level at Sandy Hook, N. J. The length of the section included in the project for improvement is about 131/2 statute miles. The usual annual variation of the lake level is from 4 to 5 feet, and the extreme variation varies from 0.6 foot below up to 9.3 feet above the low lake level. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $1,196,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. .The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917 (H. Doc. No. 1387, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Ter.in4al facilities.-The only terminal facilities which serve the improvement are located in Whitehall Harbor, and consist of three timber wharves, aggregating 4,200 feet in length, all of which are privately owned. Approximately 2,600 feet of these wharves are open to public use. The State of New York has constructed a barge canal terminal at Whitehall, just south of the terminus of the canal, which has been equipped with a 15-ton hand-operated derrick and a storehouse. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has resulted in increas- ing navigation facilities as well as in reducing the difficulties to navigation. It connects the northern terminus of the Champlain division of the New York State Barge Canal system with deep water in Lake Champlain, thereby providing a through waterway between New York City and Canada, and permits the use of large tugboats with a draft of about 12 feet. Opertions and results du ring flscal year.-The cost of maintain- ing the fender booms, including the cost of inspections and contin- gencies, was $70.41, all for maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $138.99. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 44 per cent completed. A channel 12 feet deep at low lake level and least width 302 REPORT OF CHIEF OF. ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 of 150 feet has been excavated throughout the length of the im- provement, except at the Elbow, where it is but 110 feet wide. Fender booms have been placed at the Elbow (Putts Leap) and opposite the Delaware & Hudson Railroad Co.'s coal trestle; none now appear to be needed at the Narrows near Dresden, Pulpit Point, and Cedar Mountain; the latter are in good condition. Those at the Elbow were carried away and severely damaged during the flood of November, 1927; part of them have been recovered and placed in position. The controlling depths at low lake level on June 30, 1928, through the reach included in the project, are as follows: Locality Depth Width Feet . Feet Whithall tothe Elbow------- ----------------- ----------------------------- 12 150 At the Elbow----............-------------------- ------------------------------------ 12 110 From the Elbow to Benson Landing_-- _----_--------------_---------------------- 12 150 The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists in increasing the width of the channel throughout its project length from the widths given in the above table to the project width of 200 feet, by dredging and rock removal. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $596,817.75-$519,726.67 for dredging, $6,521.83 for rock removal, $16,050 for purchase of land for channel purposes; installation of fender booms at the Elbow and opposite the Delaware & Hudson Railroad Co.'s coal trestle, $3,503.07, and surveys, engineering, and contingencies, $21,009.57; a total of $566,811.14 for new work; the cost of maintenance was $30,006.61. The total expenditures amounted to $596,817.75. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $541.90: With this it is proposed to pay the cost of maintaining fender booms on both sides of the channel at the Elbow and opposite the Delaware & Hudson Railroad trestle. The channel in its present condition appears to meet the needs of commerce; therefore, no funds can be profitably expended for new work during the fiscal year 1932. Additional funds will be needed to pay the cost of maintaining the fender booms. The sum of $500 can be profitably expended in this work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Conniercial statisties.--No commerce was reported for 1929. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925....... 11, 078 $485, 075 1928--------------------- (1) (1) 1926--------------------- 451 4, 632 1929....--------------------- (1) (1) 1927 .......--------------------- 2 86 1No commerce reported. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 303 Exclusive of the following traffic: cARGOES IN TRANSIT Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925------------- ------ 36, 719 $833, 113 1928---......-----------------63, 593 $2, 480, 127 1926_------------------- 114, 201 4, 459, 808 1929------------------- 104, 181 4, 063, 0594 1927....._.......... _..... 260, 892 10, 174, 788 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------ $681, 811. 14 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------- 49, 146.96, Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-----------730, 958. 10l __________________ Net total expenditures_____-- -730, 958. 10, Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------- ------ ------------ 541. 90 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 731, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 C ost of new w ork ----- -- -- --- -- -- --.... -.. .. .... -. -.. .... - --.. ... .- .. ....... .. .. Cost of maintenance----------_,, ____ $485. 86 $252. 17 $794.42 $205.17 $70. 41 Total expended----___- - __-- ___---_ 485. 86 252. 17 489.68 448. 10 138. 9 Allotted- .. ..... ..... - ... 1,000. 00- ------ 500. 00--------- - 500. 0( Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------- ---------- $180. 89, Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--------------- -- -------------- 500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for--------------------------- 680. 89 Gross amount expended-------------- 138.99 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----- ------------------- 541. 90 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------------------------------- 629, 200. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - 30, 1932, for maintenance 500. 00 40. BURLINGTON HARBOR, VT. Location and description.--This harbor, about 100 acres in extent,. is located in a half-moon-shaped indentation in the eastern shore of Lake Champlain, about 40 statute miles south of the international: boundary line, 70 statute miles north of the southern end or head of the lake, and 20 statute miles southeast of the harbor at Plattsburg, N. Y. It lies along the wharf front of the city of Burlington, Vt.,. behind a breakwater built by the United States. (See U. S. Lake. Survey Chart No. 172.) Original condition.-There was ample depth of water in the har- bor (which was an open roadstead) and along the wharves, but 1Exclusive of available funds. 11714--ENG 1930-----20 304 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 vessels were without protection against the seas rolling in from Lake Champlain during storms. Winds from the northwest to southwest create seas having a fetch of over 10 miles. Previous projects.-None. Eaisting project.-This provides for an irregular-shaped break- water 6,000 feet long located about 1,000 feet from the shore and practically parallel with it, to be built of stone-filled timber cribs, capped with large stone or concrete. The completed breakwater is to be in two sections, the northerly 500 feet being separated from the southerly 5,500 feet by a gap 200 feet wide, for the purpose of safety in entering the harbor during storms. The reference plane of low lake level is 92 5 feet above mean sea level at Sandy Hook, N. J. The level of the lake has varied from 0.6 foot below up to 9.3 feet above low lake level, but the usual annual variation is 4 to 5 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1928, is $1,095,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 4, 1836, provided for the first 1,000 feet of the breakwater (H. Doc. No. 131, 23d Cong., 1st sess.); the act of July 12, 1866, provided for a 1,500-foot extension (H. Doc. No. 56, 39th Cong., 2d sess., and A. R. 1886, pp. 17 and 179); the act of March 3, 1875, provided for a 2,000-foot extension (A. R. 1874, p. 274); and in 1886 a plan was adopted for an extension southerly of 1,000 feet and northerly 500 feet (A. R. of 1887, p. 2407). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1897, page 3298. Recommended mnodfications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities which serve the im- provement consist of 20 wharves of the crib and open-pile type of construction, aggregating 15,790 feet in length; all privately owned, with the exception of one wharf 600 feet long, which is owned by the city of Burlington and which is open to the public. The majority of the above wharves have railroad connections and are equipped with light transfer facilities. The existing terminals appear to be sufficient for the present needs of commerce. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The wvater-borne commerce of this port during gales from the west is practically dependent for its existence upon the protection afforded by the breakwater, which also affords to through lake traffic a harbor of refuge during storms. This through traffic consists principally of towed canal boats, numbering about 75 yearly. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The cost of office expenses and contingencies was $242.37, for maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $206.23. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 64 per cent completed. A breakwater has been built in two sections, 364 feet and 3,793 feet in length, respectively, separated by a gap of 200 feet. The total length between extreme ends of the breakwater on June 30, 1928, is, therefore, 4,157 feet. Of the superstructure, 3,784.5 linear feet have been rebuilt, and a protecting rubble mound 1,700 feet long has been built, of which length 250 feet is along the lake face of the RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 305 northern section, 1,415 feet is along the lake face of the southern section, and 35 feet is along the lake face of the lighthouse pier at the north end of the breakwater. Further extension of the break- water is held in abeyance until the city of Burlington has adopted a definite plan for the improvement of its water front. The stone superstructure of the northern detached section of the breakwater has settled and in several places has been displaced and has fallen into the lake, due to the spreading of the substructure cribs and uneven settlement in the rubble foundation. The control- ling depth on June 30, 1928, was about 8.5 feet at low lake level at the wharves increasing considerably toward the breakwater. The distinction between new workand maintenance was not made in the early reports, hence it is impossible to separate the costs prior to July 1, 1886. The total costs under the existing project amounted to $880,673.44; since June 30, 1886, the cost of maintenance amounted to $174,259.33, leaving $706,414.11 as the cost of new work and maintenance prior to July 1, 1886. The total expenditures up to June 30, 1930, amounted to $880,637.30. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $182.36. With this it is proposed to pay outstanding liabilities amounting to $36.14 and the cost of examining the works and of office expenses and contingenc as pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. It is not believed that any additional work of maintenance will be necessary during the next two years. Therefore, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of general merchandise, petroleum products, and lumber. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925__-------..... 16, 430 $574, 225 (1) 1928-------- .27, 139 $6, 021, 165 131, 706 1926----........ (1) (1) (1) 1929-------..... 19, 691 5, 457, 415 159, 736 1927 -........ 21, 955 5, 123, 248 113, 225 1No commerce reported. The decreased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to the decreased tonnage of lumber. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet General merchandise_--._.. .....---------.------------------------- 91.9 8-12 Petroleum products-.......--.........------------------------------- --------------- 6. 6 8-10 Lumber .........-----------------... -- ---------------------------- 1.5 6-8 0 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------- ------ $706, 414. 11 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 174, 259. 33 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 880, 673. 44 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 36. 14 Net total expenditures 880, 637.30 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------------ 182. 3a Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 819. 66 8---------------80, Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work Cost of maintenance.....---------------- $35, 443. 72 $11, 003. 11 1$3, 419. 93 $95. 28 $242. 37 Total expended........... ..----------------------- 35,443.72 11, 03.11 7,995. 38 106. 94 206.23 Allotted ..........------------------------..----- 5,000.00 8,500.00----------- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-.-----..-.--- $388. 59 Gross amount expended-------------------------------_____ 206. 23 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------- ----- 182. 36 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------------ 36. 14 Balance available June 30, 1930--------------------------- 146. 22 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1- - - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - 388, 600. 00 41. PLATTSBURG HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-This harbor embraces an area of about 25 acres along the westerly shore of Cumberland Bay, an arm of Lake Champlain, 30 statute miles south of the international bound- ary line, 86 statute miles north of the south end of the lake, and 20 statute miles northwest of the harbor of Burlington, Vt. The harbor proper is that portion of the bay between the wharf front of the city of Plattsburg, N. Y., and the breakwater constructed by the United States. It is about 1,500 feet long and of varying width.. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 172.) Original condition.-The controlling depth was about 6 feet at low lake level, but the water front was unprotected and subject to the action of southeasterly storms. Previous projects.-None. Emisting project.-This provides for a breakwater about 1,565 feet long, built of timber cribs filled with rubblestone and capped with large stone and extending from a point about 750 feet south of the outer face of South Dock in a generally northeasterly direc- tion to a point about 1,400 feet from shore; for dredging to a depth of 9 feet at low lake level between the breakwater and the wharves; and for the revetment of the beach in front of the United States reservation. The reference plane of low lake level is 92.5 feet above mean sea level at Sandy Hook. N. J. The usual annual variation of the lake level is from 4 to 5 feet, and the extreme variation varies, 1 Exclusive of available funds RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 307 from 0.6 foot below up to 9.3 feet above the low lake level. The estimated cost of new work. revised in 1910, was $217,500. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 4, 1836, provided for the construction of a breakwater 1,000 feet in length (H. Doc. No. 131, 23d Cong., 1st sess.); the project, as modified in 1870, provided for the extension of the breakwater in a northeasterly direction for a distance of 400 feet, with dredging between the breakwater and the wharves, and the revetment of the beach in front of the United States reservation (H. Doc. No. 89, 39th Cong., 2d sess., and A. R. 1870, p. 55); the act of September 19, 1890, provided for the further extension of the breakwater for a distance of 300 feet beyond the section 1,250 feet in length already built (A. R. 1889, p. 2458); and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for completing the improvement (H. Doc. No. 759, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 406, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended odifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities which serve the im- provement consist of 4 timber wharves, aggregating 1,780 feet in length, 400 feet of which are open to the public; all are privately owned. The State of New York has constructed a barge canal terminal about 1 mile north of the breakwater. The existing facili- ties appear to be adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The water-borne commerce of this port during gales from the east and southeast is practically dependent for its existence upon the protection afforded by the breakwater, which also gives to through lake traffic a harbor of refuge during storms. This through traffic consists principally of towed canal boats, num- bering about 75 yearly. The improvement also permits the use of larger lake steamers which ply daily between this port and Burling- ton, Vt., during the navigation season. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The cost of engineering and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement was $102.35. The expenditures amounted to $134.02. Condition at the end of fiscal year.-The project has been com- pleted at a saving of $19,085 under the estimated cost. The break- water was completed in 1893, and the dredging was completed in 1913. As now constructed, with its lake face protected by a rubble mound for practically its entire length, the breakwater is in a gener- ally good condition. The controlling depth on June 30, 1929, was about 81/2 feet at low lake level. Revetment of the beach in front of the United States Reservation has not been undertaken, as the material washed therefrom into the harbor can be more readily and economically removed by periodical dredging. The distinction between new work and maintenance was not made in the early reports; hence it is impossible to separate the costs prior to July 1, 1910. The total cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $235,006.60; the cost of maintenance since June 30, 1910, amounts to $36,591.47, leaving $198,415.13 as the cost of new work 308 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1930 and maintenance prior to July 1,. 1910. Total expenditures up to June 30, 1930, amounted to $235,006.60. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $36.54. With this it is proposed to pay the cost of office ex- penses and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. It is not:believed that any additional work of maintenance will be necessary during the next two years. Therefore no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of general merchandise and lumber. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925--------........ 13,144 $641, 444 (1) 1928--------........ 2, 250 $675,000 91, 050 1926--------........ 1,149 1,494 (1) 1929-------........ 2,411 606, 328 48, 288 1927........ 2, 568 770, 400 100, 199 1None reported. The decreased value figure for 1929 is due to the decreased tonnage of general merchandise. The cmnmerce for 1929 -was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessels Feet General merchandise.........................----------------------------------------------------82. 2 8-12 Lumber.....---------------------------------- ---------------- ---- ------------------ 17. 8 8-10 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------__ $198, 415. 13 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930. --------------------__ _ ' 36, 591. 47 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1.930_---- -- __-_ 235, 006. 60 Net total expenditures- ------- _____- -___ 235., 006. 60 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 --- -___ -___-__ --- ____ 36. 54 Total amount appyopriated to Jue ;30, 930-------------- 235, 043. 14 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.................-I . . . . . .- Cost of maintenance........------------..............-- 1, 352.36 $140.92 $179.64 $127.60 $102. 35 Total expended.._----------------......................... 1,352.36 140. 92 183.59 96. 95 134. 02 Allotted ------------------------------------------------- 745.95 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_------- - ------- --- $170. 56 Gross amount expended ------- ---- _----134. 02 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 -------------------------- 36. 54 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 309 42. PORT HENRY HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-This harbor consists of an irregular area along the westerly shore of Lake Champlain extending about 2 miles north from the entrance of Bulwagga Bay. It is about 35 statute miles north of Whitehall Harbor, N. Y., at the head of Lake Champlain, and about 46 statute miles south of Plattsburg Harbor N. Y. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 174.) Original condition.-The harbor was protected from the east, south, and west by the shores of the lake, but was exposed to north- erly and northeasterly winds, which occasionally were of such sever- ity as to render it dangerous for vessels to lie at the wharves. Water shoaler than 12 feet extended for 500 to 1,000 feet out from the general shore line. The depth at the wharves ranged from 5 to 7 feet at low lake level. The average depth during the season of navigation was probably from 2 to 3 feet more than this. The harbor had a good bottom for anchorage. Previous project.--None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging to a depth of 12 feet at low lake level over an area 500 feet wide and extending about 3,000 feet along the water front of Port Henry. The reference plane of low lake level is 92.5 feet above mean sea level at Sandy Hook, N. J. The level of the lake has varied from 0.6 foot below up to 9.3 feet above low lake levelbut the usual annual variation is from 4 to 5 feet. The estimate of cost to the United States for new work, made in 1917, is $71,500. It also provides for the contribution of $10,000 additional by local interests. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $700. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917 (H. Doc. No. 369, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Under the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, the project is subject to the condition that no work shall be undertaken until local interests have contributed $10,000 toward the cost of the work. This sum was contributed May 23, 1918. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities which serve the im- provement consist of an ore dock approximately 850 feet in length, equipped with modern ore-handling machinery. The State of New York has constructed a barge canal terminal on the north side of the harbor, which also affords protection from northern gales. Effect of improvement.-The work of improvement provides a harbor for anchorage of ore boats awaiting cargoes, as well as access to the barge terminal on the north side of the harbor. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 99 per cent completed. The work has resulted in excavating to project depth practically all of the area covered by the project, and it is believed to be sufficient for the present needs of navigation. The cost of work under the project amounted to $70,659.21, of which $69,406.46 was for new work and $1,252.75 was for maintenance. In addition, $10,000 of contributed funds was applied to new work on the project. Total expenditures to June 30, 1930, amounted to $70,659.21. 310 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, was $40.79. With this it is proposed to pay the cost of office expenses and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. It is not believed that maintenance work will be necessary during the next two years. Therefore, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of pig iron. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year] year 1925--------........ 7,264 $185, 527 (1) 1928-......------ 19, 921 $435, 333 64, 050 1926-------........ 11, 683 221, 393 (1) 1929....-------- 7, 905 149, 800 (2) 1927--------........ 1,126 21, 330 (1) 1No statistics available. 2 No passengers. Ferry service was discontinued owing to the erection of the Lake Champlain Bridge connecting Port Henry, N. Y., and Chimney Point, Vt. The decreased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to the decreased tonnage of pig iron. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent of Usual limit Class of freight carried total draft of tonnage vessels Feet Pig iron..................-----------------------.------------------- 100 10-12 Cost and ftnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__- $69, 406. 46 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 , 252. 75 1------------------------ Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 -- __---__ 70, 659. 21 Net total expenditures ----------------------- ----- 70, 659. 21 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------------------------- 40. 79 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------__ 70, 700. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_.- Cost of maintenance----...--....-----..........---....----------------...... ---------------------............ $159. 21 --- Total expended------------------------------------------------------ 159. 21 .----- Allotted------------ .-- ------ ----------------- ------------ $200.00 --..-.-.. -..-. - Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-- ------------_---_------------_ $40. 79 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ___ - 40.79 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -- --- ----- -- ---- -- 2, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 311 43. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood-control act of May 15, 1928) ; collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine naviga- tion investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $57,947.37; the expenditures were $51,554.04. The balance unex- pended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $50,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------ $109, 714. 18 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------ 1, 748. 49 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930---------------------- 111, 462. 67 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------- ------------ 5, 930. 63 Net total expenditures ------------------------------- 105, 532. 04 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 --------------------------- 35, 067. 96 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------140, 600. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1921927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work . Cost of maintenance.....-------------- --------------------------------- $51, 766.81 $57,947.37 Total expended_ ......... _.. . ._ __ ._ -....-. --. ............ 53,978.00 51,554.04 ------------------------....------------...----------- Allotted...................... $6,000.00 89,000.00 45,600. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_________-------------------_ $41,022.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930____------------- $30, 600.00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930-- --------------------------------------- 15, 000. 00 45, 600. 00 Net amount to be accounted for ----------- _____-86, 622. 00 Gross amount expended ----------------------------------- 51, 554. 04 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--- -. __- 067. 96 -_____-35, Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ----------- __ -__ -- __ 5, 930. 63 Balance available June 30, 1930 ----------- __- -____ 29, 137. 33 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930-------------------------------- 1, 748. 49 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930_ ------------ 30, 885.82 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance - - - - - - --- - - - _ 50, 000. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED MARCH 3, 1925, AND JULY 3, 1930 The local engineer was charged with the duty of making prelimi- nary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and har- 1 Exclusive of available funds. 312 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 bor acts approved March 3, 1925, and July. 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. FortPond Bay, N. Y. 2. At and near City Island, New! York City, N. Y., with a view to constructing a breakwater. 3. East Chester Creek, N. Y. 4. Huntington Harbor, N. Y. 5. New Rochelle Harbor, N. Y. 6. Hudson River Channel, N. Y. and N. J., with a view to secur- ing a depth of 40 feet for its full width from Fifty-ninth Street to Uipper New York Bay. 7. Sparkill Creek, N. Y. 8. Newo York Harbor,N. Y.: The Brooklyn waterfront south from a point opposite the lower end of Governors Island to a point near the beginning of the shore road improvement, with a view to secur- ing wider channels. 9. New York Harbor, N. Y.: The Upper Bay, the Narrows, the Lower Bay, and Red Hook Flats, with a view to providing addi- tional anchorage areas, the relocation of existing anchorage areas, the construction of a breakwater off Staten Island in the Lower Bay, the construction of a channel connecting the area inclosed by said breakwater with the Ambrose Channel, and additional dredging where needed in the interest of navigation. 10. Tarrytown Harbor, N. Y. REPORTS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated January 8, 1929, a review of reports on New York Harbor, respecting the anchorage grounds generally, and par- ticularly with regard to widening the channel in the vicinity of the quarantine anchorage off Stapleton, Staten Island, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 18, Seventy- first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modifi- cation of the existing project so as to provide for changing the po- sition of the southerly section of Anchorage Channel to give a fair- way 2,000 feet wide and 40 feet deep, at an estimated cost of $460,000, with $15,000 annually for maintenance in addition to that now required. By resolution dated May 26, 1928, a review of reports on East Chester Creek, N. Y., printed in House Document No. 186, Fifty- eighth Congress, second session, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 37, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 8 feet deep and gen- erally 150 feet wide from Long Island Sound through East Chester Bay, and thence 70 feet wide to the northern terminus of the project, and for a passing basin in the vicinity of the Boston Post Road Bridge, at a total estimated cost of $283,000, with $15,000 annually for maintenance thereafter, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolutions dated December 14, 1929, and January 23, 1930, respectively, a review of reports on Newtown Creek, N. Y., printed in RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 313 House Document No. 936, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the com- mittee and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 42, Seventy-first Congress, second session. The Chief of Engineers recommends the modification of the existing project so as to provide for widening of the present channel at the mouth of the creek, at an added authorized cost of $10,000 with an added maintenance cost of $500; and also that a survey be authorized to determine the feasibility of deepening and widening the channel of Newtown Creek from its mouth at East River to a point about 150 feet north of Maspeth Avenue, and for the provision of a turning basin near Mussel Island, etc. By resolution dated December 14, 1929, a review of prior reports on Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels,N. Y., was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 44, Seventy-first Con- gress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for widening Bay Ridge Channel to 1,750 feet from a point opposite Bay Ridge Avenue, Brooklyn, to the junction of Bay Ridge Channel and Red Hook Channel, at an estimated cost of $1,150,000, with $75,000 annually for maintenance in addition to that now required. Reports indicated below, called for by resolutions of the Committee on R and HarborsHouse of Representatives, will be submitted as soon as practicable. 1. Review of reports on Flushing Bay and Creek, N. Y., printed in House Document No. 124, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session. 2. Review of reports on Hudson River at Albany, N. Y., trans- mitted to Congress December 14, 1920, in compliance with the river and harbor act approved June 5, 1920. 3. Review of reports on Catskill Creek, N. Y., printed in House Document No. 59, Fifty-eighth Congress, second session. 4. Review of reports on Milton Harbor, N. Y., printed in House Document No. 451, Seventieth Congress, second session. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT This district includes Staten Island, N. Y., and the northeastern part of New Jersey from Newark Bay and its tributaries on the north to the head of Barnegat Bay at Bayhead, N. J., on the south. District engineer: Lieut. Col. R. T. Ward, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. W. J. Barden, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Newark Bay, Hackensack and 8. Cheesequake Creek, N. J_... 339 Passaic Rivers, N. J_______ 314 9. Keyport Harbor, N. J----- 339 2. New York and New Jersey 10. Matawan Creek, N. J_ ___-342 Channels----------------- 323 11. Shoal Harbor and Compton 3. Elizabeth River, N. J_______- 328 Creek, N. J--------------- 342 4. Woodbridge Creek, N. J 330 12. Shrewsbury River, N. J____ 345 5. Great Kills, Staten Island, 13. Manasquan River, N. J - 348 N. Y___ ________________ 333 14. Examinations, surveys, and 6. Raritan River, N. J--______ 333 contingencies (general)__ 351 7. Washington Canal and South River, N. J____________- 336 314 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 1. NEWARK BAY, HACKENSACK AND PASSAIC RIVERS, N. J. Location and description.-Newark Bay is an estuary about 1 mile wide between bulkhead lines and 6 miles long, extending southerly from the confluence of the Hackensack and Passaic Rivers to Staten Island Sound, thus connecting with the waters of Upper and Lower New York Bay. The Hackensack River rises near Haverstraw, Rockland County, N. Y., and flows southerly to the head of Newark Bay. It is about 45 miles long. Its drainage area is 201.6 square miles; its minimum discharge at the mouth is about 46 second-feet; its maximum dis- charge is about 7,740 second-feet. It is tidal and navigable to New Milford, about 201/5 miles from the mouth. The width between banks in this portion of the river varies between 100 and 2,500 feet. The Passaic River rises in the highlands of northeastern New Jersey and flows in an easterly and southerly direction. It is about 80 miles long. Its drainage area is about 949 square miles; its mini- mum discharge at the mouth is about 155 second-feet; its maximum discharge is about 17,020 second-feet. It is tidal and navigable up to the Dundee Rapids above Passaic, a distance of about 16 miles. The width between banks of the improved section varies between 300 and 1,000 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 287 and 369, and U. S. Geological Survey chart of New York City and vicinity.) Original condition.-Before improvement the controlling depth in Newark Bay was about 8 feet at mean low water at the upper end, gradually increasing to a depth of over 30 feet at the lower end. The width between the 8-foot curves varied from 220 feet near the upper end to over 2,000 feet at the lower end. Bars at the mouth of the Hackensack River limited navigation in that waterway to a depth of about 8 feet at mean low water to the Newark and New York railroad bridge, a distance of 1.1 miles. The widths for this depth extended over several hundred feet. From this bridge to Little Ferry, a distance of 123/4 miles, the natural channel was 12 feet or more deep and of ample width. From Little Ferry to Court Street, Hackensack, 21/4 miles, the limiting width was about 100 feet, and the depth from 5 to 6 feet. Thence to New Milford, the head of navigation, there was little depth and practi- cally no commerce. In the Passaic River the available depth to Center Street, Newark, N. J., 4.2 miles above the mouth, was about 7 feet. Mud and sand flats at the mouth limited navigation to this depth. At places the width of this channel was not over 100 feet. Above Center Street to Passaic, where through navigation was cut off by the dam of the Dundee Water Co., the channel was obstructed by several rock and gravel bars, which gave controlling depths of 21/2 to 3 feet and a width of about 200 feet. Previous projects.-An appropriation was made by Congress Au- gust 30, 1852, of $10,000 for improvement of Newark Bay; also $2,000 for a survey of same. A 6-foot project for improvement of the Passaic River between Newark and Passaic was adopted June 10, 1872. A 10-foot project for the upper part of the bay and lower part of Passaic River was adopted by the river and harbor act ap- proved June 14, 1880. A project for a 12-foot channel in the bay RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 315 and lower reaches of Passaic River was adopted by the act of June 13, 1902. The 12-foot project was superseded by a 16-foot project adopted March 2, 1907, which still applies in the river for a distance of about 1 mile downstream from the Montclair & Greenwood Lake Railroad bridge. A 20-foot project was adopted July 25, 1912, for the bay and Passaic River below the Nairn Linoleum Works, and still applies in the river above a point 3,000 feet northerly of the Lincoln Highway Bridge. The original project for the improve- ment of the Hackensack River, calling for a 12-foot channel, was adopted by the act of July 25, 1912, and still applies from a point 2,000 feet above the lower Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Rail- road bridge to Hackensack. A 16-foot project adopted March 2, 1919, applied to the lower reaches of the Hackensack River. A 20-foot project adopted by the act of September 22, 1922, provided a 20-foot channel in Hackensack River from the Central Railroad of New Jersey bridge to a point 4,800 feet above the Lincoln High- way Bridge. The total cost and expenditures under previous projects on these waterways prior to work on the existing project which began in 1907 were $1,743,321.46 for new work and $442,485.44 for maintenance, a total of $2,185,806.90. For further details of previous projects, see pages 265 and 266 of Annual Report for 1926, and page 301, Annual Report for 1929. Existing project.-This provides for a channel in Newark Bay 30 feet deep and about 1,800 feet wide at the entrance, including the removal to a depth of 30 feet of the rock area at Bergen Point, shown on project map as area A (H. Doc. No. 206, 67th Cong., 2d sesF.;.), narrowing to 400 feet below the Central Railroad of New Jersey bridge across the bay, and continuing with that width to the junc- tion of the Passaic and Hackensack River Channels, a distance of about 5 miles, with a branch channel 30 feet deep and 400 feet wide, widened at the turn, to the Port Newark Terminal extending from the main channel as far as the United States pierhead line, a distance of 1,200 feet; a channel in the Hackensack River 30 feet deep and 400 feet wide from the upper end of the Newark Bay Channel to the Central Railroad of New Jersey bridge, about 1.1 miles, thence 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide to a point about 2,000 feet north of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad bridge, 2.8 miles, thence 12 feet deep and 200 feet wide to Little Ferry, 10.1 miles, and thence 12 feet deep and 150 feet wide to the New York, Susquehanna & Western Railroad bridge, 2 miles, a total distance forthe Hacken- sack River of about 16/2 miles; and a channel in the Passaic River 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide, from Newark Bay to a point 3,000 feet above the Lincoln Highway Bridge 2.6 miles; thence 20 feet deep and 300 feet wide to the Nairn Linoleum Works, about 4.4 miles, thence 16 feet deep and 200 feet wide to the Montclair & Green- wood Lake Railroad bridge, about 1.1 miles, thence 10 feet deep and 150 feet wide to the Eighth Street Bridge at Passaic, 7.3 miles, a total distance for the Passaic River of 15.4 miles. All depths refer to the plane of mean low water. The mean tidal range in the bay, Hackensack River, and in Passaic River up to the Montclair & Greenwood Lake Railroad bridge, is about 5 feet; in 316 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 the Passaic River at the Gregory Avenue Bridge, Passaic, it is about 4.6 feet. High easterly or westerly winds cause a fluctuation of as much as 2 feet above or below mean tidal range. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $6,921,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $152,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The acts of March 2, 1907, and February 27, 1911, pro- vided for the 16-foot channel in Passaic River (H. Doc. No. 441, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the 20- foot project in Passaic River (H. Doc. No. 707, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of January 21, 1927, provided for the 10-foot project in Passaic River (H. Doc. No. 284, 69th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the 30-foot channel in Passaic River (H. Doc. No. 156, 71st Cong.. 2d sess.); the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the 12-foot channel in Hackensack River (H. Doc. No. 643, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); the act approved September 22, 1922, provided for the 30-foot channel in Hackensack River below the Central Railroad of New Jersey bridge and the 30-foot channel in Newark Bay (H. Doc. No. 206, 67th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act approved January 21, 1927, provided for the 30-foot channel in Hackensack River above the Central Railroad of New Jersey bridge (H. Doc. No. 429, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). The two last-mentioned documents and House Document No. 156, Seventy-first Congress, second session, contain the latest published maps. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922, authorized the 30-foot channel in Newark Bay and in Hack- ensack River below the Central Railroad of New Jersey bridge in accordance with the following conditions: (a) That no work shall be done below-'Port Newark Terminal until the Sec- retary of War shall have been satisfied that the city of Newark, N. J., or pri- vate interests will dredge and maintain that part of Port Newark Terminal Channel which lies between the United States pierhead line and the Newark and Elizabeth branch of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, crossing the ter- minal property, to the same dimensions as may be authorized for that part of this channel outside the United States pierhead line. (b) That no work shall be done above Port Newark until the Secretary of War shall have been satisfied that the city of Jersey City, N. J., or private interests will dredge and maintain a connecting channel to a depth of not less than that of the main channel and of suitable width, leading from: the main channel to the terminal wharves to be constructed by the city. (c) That no work shall be done below the Newark Terminal until the Sec- retary of War shall have been satisfied that the city of Newark, N. J., will pro- vide suitable public terminals open to all under equal and reasonable terms; and that no work shall be done above Newark Terminal until the Secretary of War shall have been satisfied that the city of Jersey City, N. J., will provide similar public terminals. (d) That no work shall be done below the Port Newark Terminal until the Secretary of War shall have been satisfied that the city of Newark or other interested parties will, whenever required by him, provide areas satisfactory to the Chief of Engineers for the disposal of part or all of the material to be dredged, and will construct dikes or bulkheads satisfactory to the Chief of Engineers to retain such dredged material;' and that no work shall be done above Port Newark Terminal until similar conditions have been complied with by the city of Jersey City or other interested parties. (e) That no work shall be done until the project for a 30-foot depth in Kilt van Kull shall have been adopted by Congress. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 317 These conditions have been met. Approval was given by the Secretary of War on July 9, 1923, to proceed with work below Port Newark Terminal, and on January 4, 1924, with work above that terminal. The river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, authorized the 30-foot channel in Hackensack River above the Central Railroad of New Jersey bridge, subject to the condition that local interests furnish satisfactory areas for the disposal of material excavated in carrying out the project and its subsequent maintenance. This con- dition has been met in so far as new work is concerned, and authority to proceed with the work was granted by the Secretary of War January 25, 1928. The river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, authorized the 10-foot project in Passaic River, subject to the conditions that local interests shall furnish without cost to the United States suit- able areas for the disposal of material dredged in the creation and subsequent maintenance of the channel, and shall give satisfactory assurances that they will provide a public terminal in accordance with the plans to be approved by the Chief of Engineers and the Secretary of War, fulfillment of these conditions to precede the initiation of work by the United States. These conditions have been met by local interests, and authority to proceed with the work has been granted by the Secretary of War. Terminal facilities.-There are 10 private wharves and 5 publicly owned wharves or terminals in Newark Bay. One of the latter, Port Newark Terminal, has been extensively developed by the city of Newark. It was originally developed for a public terminal, but during the war a large part of it was taken over for war emergency work by the United States Quartermaster Department and by the Submarine Boat Corporation, which company later organized a sub- sidiary company known as the Transmarine Corporation, which is now operating a terminal and steamship service. The quartermaster depot has recently been leased by the United States to a private individual, who is utilizing and subleasing it for commercial and terminal purposes. The city of Newark is proceeding with the de- velopment of other parts of this terminal along the lines of its origi- nal plans, and several private individuals have located their indus- tries at the terminal and are utilizing its facilities. The city of Bayonne has recently bulkheaded two areas in Newark Bay, which will be used for park and pleasure purposes. The Hudson County Park Commission has a similar area on the east side of the bay. The city of Bayonne has a public wharf at the foot of West Twenty- fifth Street, Bayonne. Practically all these terminals have good rail and highway connections. There are publicly owned lands at different points along the Hackensack River. The city of Jersey City owns a serviceable public wharf above and adjoining the Newark Turnpike Bridge. The city of Jersey City also has large land holdings on the river at Droyers Point which it is developing for public terminal purposes. About six private wharves are open to public use. There are 31 wharves whose use is confined to private industry. The terminals are ade- quate for existing commerce. They practically all have railroad and highway connections. 318 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Between the mouth of the Passaic River and the Montclair and Greenwood Lake Railroad bridge there are 2 publicly owned wharves, 2 privately owned wharves open to the public, and 93 private wharves. Above this bridge are located 33 privately owned wharves. The terminals in the lower section of the river are ade- quate and well equipped; in the upper section they are small and not so well equipped, consisting generally of timber bulkheads back filled with dirt. Practically all docks have easy connection with rail- roads and highways. Space is available for construction of terminals all along the waterway. (For a full description of terminal facilities see Port Series Report No. 20, pts. 2 and 3, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement of these waterways has rendered navigation easier and safer and has made it possible to navigate larger boats and render their movements less dependent on tides. The improvement made possible the establishment of the port of Newark and of several large industries along the lower stretches of the two rivers, and a large increase in commerce has resulted from these developments. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A contract dated De- cember 9, 1926, for dredging and rock removal under the 30-foot project in area "A," Newark Bay, in progress at the beginning of the year was discontinued on May 7, 1930, due to accidental sinking of the contractor's dredge. Work was not resumed prior to the end of the fiscal year. The work done during the year consisted of dredging, drilling, and blasting, and sweeping to clean up shoals. The total amount of material removed and accepted during the year was 14,674 cubic yards, which was disposed of by dumping at sea. A contract dated July 29, 1929, for maintenance dredging to re- store project dimensions in the Passaic River from its mouth up to the vicinity of the Lincoln Highway Bridge was commenced on Octo- ber 22, 1929, and continued until completed on March 21, 1930. The total amount of material removed and accepted to complete the con- tract was 527,570 cubic yards, which was disposed of by dumping ashore on the adjacent low lands. A contract dated August 30, 1929, for dredging and rock removal under the 30-foot project in the Hackensack River above the Central Railroad of New Jersey bridge was commenced on September 23, 1929, and continued until completed on April 26, 1930. The total amount of material removed and accepted to complete the contract was 195,878 cubic yards, which was disposed of by dumping at sea. A contract dated April 2, 1930, for dredging under the 10-foot project in the Upper Passaic River at Belleville bar was commenced on April 10, 1930, and was in progress at the end of the fiscal year. The total amount of material removed and accepted during the period work was carried on was 36,658 cubic yards, which was dis- posed of by rehandling ashore. A contract dated May 7, 1930, for dredging and rock removal under the 10-foot project in Passaic River above the Rutherford Avenue Bridge had not been commenced prior to the end of the fiscal year. A contract for dredging under the 10-foot project in Passaic River from the upper end of Belleville bar to the upper end of the project at Eighth Street, Passaic, exclusive of the rock area above the RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 319 Rutherford Avenue Bridge was pending at the close of the fiscal year. The costs for the year were $469,883.20 for new work and $203,659.21 for maintenance, a total of $673,542.41. The total ex- penditures were $681,776.82. Condition at end of fiseal year.-The project, as revised in 1930, is 48 per cent completed. The 30-foot channel in Newark Bay and Hackensack River is completed except through the Pennsylvania- Lehigh Valley Railroad bridge in Newark Bay and through the Pennsylvania Railroad passenger and freight bridges and the Newark Avenue highway bridge in Hackensack River; the Port Newark Ter- minal Channel is completed; the removal of rock and overburden from area "A" at Bergen Point, Newark Bay, is about 98 per cent completed; the 12-foot channel in Hackensack River is completed except for the removal of some loose rock in the highway bridge draw at Little Ferry; the 30-foot channel in Passaic River has not been commenced; the 20-foot channel in Passaic River is completed to Jackson Street, Newark; the 16-foot channel in Passaic River is completed; work has been commenced on the 10-foot channel in the Passaic River above the Montclair & Greenwood Lake Railroad bridge. The controlling mean low-water depths on June 30, 1930, were as follows: 30 feet in Newark Bay, including the Port Newark Ter- minal Channel, excepting through the draws of the joint Pennsyl- vania-Lehigh Valley Railroad bridge, where the depth is 22 feet in the west draw and 23 feet in the east draw; 30 feet in Hackensack River, to a point 2,000 feet above the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad bridge except for shoals south of the Lincoln Highway Bridge and the vicinity of the Pennsylvania Railroad and Newark Turnpike bridges where the controlling depth is 27 feet and 25 feet, respectively; thence 12 feet to the highway bridge at Little Ferry, from 9 to 10 feet through this bridge; thence about 12 feet to the Gas Works Creek, and thence 101/2 feet to the head of the project at the New York, Susquehanna & Western Railroad bridge, Hackensack, which is practically the present upper limit for commercial-boat navigation, and in the Passaic River 20 feet to the vicinity of the Lincoln Highway Bridge; thence 16 feet to the Erie Railroad bridge (Newark Branch); thence 14 feet to 3,000 feet below the Montclair & Greenwood Lake Railroad bridge; thence 10 feet to the Montclair & Greenwood Lake Railroad bridge; thence 6 feet to the Erie Railroad bridge (main line) except for a shoal about 1,000 feet south of Third River, depth 5.5 feet; thence 5 feet to the Gregory Avenue Bridge; and thence about 4 feet to the Eighth Street Bridge, the upper end of the project. There is some commercial-boat navigation up to Wall Street, about three-fourths of a mile above Eighth Street. The following work remains to be done to complete the project: The completion of the removal of rock and overburden under an existing contract from area '"A" in Newark Bay; the dredging through the draw and removal of old center pier of the Lehigh Valley Railroad bridge in Newark Bay, on which the railroad com- pany is now engaged. The removal of shoals to complete the 30- foot channel in Hackensack River, in the vicinity of the Pennsyl- 11714--ING 1930-21 320 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 vania Railroad passenger and freight bridges, and the Newark Avenue Bridge being reconstructed by order of the Secretary of War and nearing completion; the removal of some loose rock in the draw of the Little Ferry Highway Bridge in the 12-foot channel in Hackensack River; the completion of the 30-foot channel in Passaic River authorized by the 1930 river and harbor act, which in- cludes the removal of a small quantity of rock on the west side of the channel above the Center Street Bridge, where a 16-foot depth was not obtained during the dredging of that channel; and the com- pletion of the 10-foot channel in the Passaic River between the Mont- clair & Greenwood Lake Railroad bridge and Eighth Street, Passaic. The costs of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were, for new work, $3,302,147.08, and for maintenance $593,315.69, a total of $3,895,462.77. The total expenditures under the existing project were $3,851,621.59. Proplosed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1930, $1,202,558.73, will be applied to new work and maintenance as fol- lows: New work: To complete the removal of rock and overburden under an existing contract at Bergen Point Light-_--- - $26, 000. 00 To complete the dredging under an existing contract at Belle- ville Bar, Passaic River, and the removal of ledge rock uncovered in dredging (10-foot project) ____---------- 140, 000.00 To commence and complete the dredging and rock removal under an existing continuing contract at Rutherford Bar, Passaic River (10-foot project) ------------------------ 350, 000. 00 To commence and complete the dredging under a pending con- tinuing contract in the Passaic River from a point about 2,240 feet above the Montclair & Greenwood Lake Railroad bridge to a point about 250 feet above the Rutherford Ave- nue bridge, and from a point about 3,450 feet above the Rutherford Avenue bridge to Eighth Street, Passaic (10-foot project) ------------------------------------ 392, 558, 73 Total for new work ____ _____----------------_---- 902, 558. 73 Maintenance: The removal by contract or United States plant of shoals in Newark Bay, Port Newark, Hackensack, and Passaic Rivers------------------------------------------------300, 000. 00 Total for new work and maintenance___--------------- 1, 202, 558. 73 The funds will be expended at an average rate of about $100,000 per month and will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 is $190,000. It is proposed to expend this amount as follows: New work: Passaic River 10-foot channel to complete the work by dredging and rock removal by contract or hired labor, of rock and overburden remaining after completion of the pending con- tinuing contract from a point 2,240 feet above the Monclair & Greenwood Lake Railroad bridge to a point about 250 feet above the Rutherford Avenue bridge and from a point about 3,450 feet above the Rutherford Avenue bridge to Eighth Street, Passaic, about 16,000 cubic yards of rock and overburden___------------ $100, 000.00 Maintenance: Passaic River, 16-foot project, dredging to partially restore project dimensions, 200,000 cubic yards----------------- 90, 000. 00 Total for new work and maintenance ----------------- 190,000.00 Conmmercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of petroleum products, lumber, raw sugar, and phos- phate rock. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 321 NEWARK BAY, N. J. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value 1929 .. ..------------------------------------------------------------- 1, 813, 559 $77,811,66 NOTE.-Tonnage and value figures, for this waterway, for previous years have been combined withr those for Hackensack River and Passaic River, and no "Comparative statement of traffic" is therefore possible. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent of Usual limit Class of freight carried total oa draft tonnage vessels; Feet Petroleum products-----... ------------ ---------------------------------- 42. 5 6-22 Lumber...........................................----------------------------....---.....--------.........-----------------...--...... 32.0 8-28 Raw sugar -------- ------------------------------------------------ 11.0 20-24 Phosphate rock-------_--- -------------------------------------------- 5. 5 18-24 HACKENSACK RIVER, N. J. The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of coal and coke, and building material. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value 1929------ ------------------------------------------------------- 3, 743, 684 $38, 780, 289 NOTE.-Tonnage and value figures, for this waterway, for previous years have been combined with those for Newark Bay and Passaic River, and no "Comparative statement of trafEc" is therefore rossible. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent of Usual limit Class of freight carried total loaded ofdraft of tonnage vessels Feet Coal and coke....-------------------------------------------------------- 79. 4 6-20 Building material----- ------------------------------------------------ 13. 2 5-18 PASSAIC RIVER, N. J. The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of petroleum products, building material, coal and coke, and general merchandise. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value 1929..............-..... .............................................. 4, 188, 321 $222, 012, 926 NOTE.-Tonnage and value figures, for this waterway, for previous years have been combined with those for Newark Bay and Hackensack River, and no "Comparative Statement of Traffic" is therefore possible. 322 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per of Usual limit cent Per cent of Class of freight carried total draft of tonnage vessels Feet Petroleum products------------------------------------------------------ 43 6-22 Building material -- _----------------------------------------------------------- 27 5-18 Coal and coke ---------------------------------------------------------- 17 5-18 General merchandise----.. -- ----------------------------------- 4 6-20 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------- $5, 045, 468. 54 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930___-------------------- 11, 035, 801. 13 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------6, 081, 269. 67 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-- ---- -------- 43, 841. 18 Net total expenditures-- ------------------------- 6, 037, 428. 49 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ ---------------------- 1, 202, 558. 73 Total amount appropriated to June 3', 1930. -___-- ____ 17, 239, 987.22 Inn PianealvAar anding.Tiinc9 ( .17 lo) oo I mn rno Lcst of new work-----........------ --------- $291, 023. 32 $375, 920. 80 $428, 389. 60 $599, 385. 09 $469, 883. 20 Cost cfmaintenance ...... ....-------------------------......---- 61, 338. 91 376. 64 15, 388. 78 203, 659. 21 Total cost--- ---.---.-----.----. 291, 023. 32 437, 259. 71 428, 766.24 614, 773. 87 673, 542.41 Total expended............................ 291, 023. 32 437, 259. 71 399, 080. 82 614, 193. 82 681, 776.82 Allotted-....-----.--------.---.-.-.. 600, 000. 00 330, 000.00 468,500.00 500, 000. 00 992, 000 Dr Lalance unexpended July 1, 1929--_-------------------------$892, 335. 55 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 23, 1928----- ----- $139, 125. 70 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929--------- 874. 30 16------------ 160, Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--------------------- 742, 000. 00 1, 042, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted, for ------------------------- 1, 934, 335. 55 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment---------------- 50, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for----- ----------------- 1, 884, 335. 55 Gross amount expended--------------------- 681, 776. 82 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------- 1,202, 558. 73 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------- 43, 841. 18 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------323, 436. 40 367, 277. 58 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------ 835, 281.15 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 2______________________________________ 2, 716, 000.00 12 Exclusive of $833 previously expended for work of removal of drift, New York Harbor. Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 323 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 : -- - - -- - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - For new work 1- - - $100, 000. 00 - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - For maintenance 1 90, 000. 00 - --- - -- --- --- --- -- - - - - - ---- ---- -- - -- - -- - - Total 1 - - - 190, 000.00 2. NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY CHANNELS Location and description.-The New York and New Jersey Chan- nels are the channels extending from deep water in the main channel northwest of Sandy JIook, through Lower New York Bay and Raritan Bay, to Perth Amboy, and thence through Arthur Kill, lower Newark Bay, and Kill Van Kull, known collectively as Staten Island Sound, to deep water in Upper New York Bay. This route is located approximately along the boundary line between the States of New York and New Jersey. Its length is about 30.5 miles, dis- tributed as follows: 13.5 miles in Lower New York and Raritan Bays, 12 miles in Arthur Kill, 2 miles in lower Newark Bay, and 3 miles in Kill Van Kull. A branch channel in Raritan Bay to South Amboy is about 1.5 miles long and another north of Shooters Island in lower Newark Bay is about 1 mile long, thus giving a total length of about 33 mle - all the channels included under this title. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 285, 286, and 369.) Original condition.-In their original condition the natural chan- nels had a controlling depth at mean low water of about 24 feet in Lower New York Bay, 14.5 feet in Raritan Bay to Perth Amboy, and 13.5 feet to South Amboy, between 14 and 15 feet in Staten Island Sound, and about 2 feet in the channel north of Shooters Island. The width varied from 100 to 1,000 feet. Previous projects.-The original project for Raritan Bay was adopted by the act of March 3, 1881, and modified by the acts of September 19, 1890, and June 3, 1896. The original project for Staten Island Sound was adopted by the act of June 23, 1874, and modified by the acts of March 3, 1875, June 14, 1880, August 11, 1888, May 15, 1889, October 20, 1890, June 3, 1896, June 13, 1902, June 25, 1910, and March 4, 1913. The total cost and expenditures under previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1896 were $3,164,935.41 for new work and $584,557.24 for main- tenance, a total of $3,749,492.65. For further details of previous projects see pages 362, 366, and 374 of the Annual Report for 1921. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep and 400 feet wide from deep water in Lower New York Bay through Raritan Bay and Staten Island Sound to Upper New York Bay, with a branch channel north of Shooters Island, 20 feet deep and 400 feet wide, protected by a dike on its northern side, and the main- tenance of a branch channel in Raritan Bay to South Amboy, 21 feet deep and 300 feet wide, which was completed under a previous project. All depths refer to mean low water. The main range of tides varies between 4.7 and 5 feet. Extreme easterly or westerly winds produce fluctuations of 1 to 3 feet above or below the mean range. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 324 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The estimate of cost, made in 1918, is $10,400,000 for new work, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, and $118,000 for annual maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the 21-foot chan- nel to South Amboy (H. Doc. No. 298, 53d Cong., 3d sess.), and the act of September 22, 1922, provided for the other channels (H. Doc. No. 653, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are printed in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of January 30, 1930, the Chief of Engineers recommended modification of the existing project so as to provide for an anchorage area at Perth Amboy, 33 feet deep and of sufficient size for three vessels, at an estimated cost of $390,000 with $10,000 annually for maintenance in addition to that now required. (See R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 17, 71st Cong., 2d sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 7 publicly owned wharves and 289 private wharves and piers, used with few exceptions exclusively by their owners, fronting on Staten Island Sound. One of the public wharves has direct railroad connections and one has mechanical appliances for handline freight. and they all have good highway connections. Eighty-two of the privately owned wharves or p:ers have direct railroad connections, and 118 have mechanical appliance for handling freight, which vary from the simple derrick to the McMyler type of coal tipple for transferring coal from rail to water carriers. All the terminals are generally efficient and adequate for the particular purpose for which they are used. Although there is no demand for well-equipped public terminals at the present time, the time is not far distant when as a result of all available manufac- turing sites being taken up along the water fronts, especially on the New Jersey side of Staten Island Sound, concerns will have to locate inland and the State or local authorities will have to provide ade- quate terminals, or industrial development depending on water-borne traffic will stop. (For full description of terminal facilities see Port Series, No. 20, Parts II and III, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement of the channels has rendered navigation of the waterway less hazardous. The lighter- age of deep-draft vessels, which costs from $0.75 to $1 per ton for bulk cargoes and $0.07 to $0.10 per barrel for oil, has been decreased, and this has hastened the turn-around of these vessels. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A contract dated June 1, 1923, modified by supplemental contract approved March 18, 1924, for dredging and rock removal from deep water in Upper New York Bay to a point about 1,800 feet westerly of the westerly line of Shooters Island, suspended at the beginning of the fiscal year, was not resumed prior to the end of the fiscal year. A contract dated April 22, 1925, for dredging and rock removal in the westerly half of the channel from opposite Pralls Island to Carteret, N. J., and for the removal of a small rock area opposite Woodbridge Creek, suspended at the beginning of the fiscal year was resumed on July 8, 1929, discontinued on March 8, 1930; resumed on April 10, 1930, and was in progress at the end of the fiscal year. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 325 A drill boat worked from July 8, 1929, to January 6, 1930, and from April 10, 1930, to the end of the fiscal year, and a dredge worked from January 6 to March 8, 1930. The total amount of material removed and accepted during the year was 26,298 cubic yards, place measurement. A contract dated October 8, 1925, for dredging and rock removal in the northerly half of the channel from the westerly line of Shooters Island to the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad bridge, in progress at the beginning of the fiscal year was continued and completed on August 21, 1929. The total amount of material removed and accepted during the year to complete the contract was 23,932 cubic yards. A contract dated September 9, 1927, for dredging and rock re- moval in the westerly end of Kill Van Kull2 in progress at the begin- ning of the fiscal year, was continued. Drilling, blasting, dredging, and sweeping operations were performed practically continuously throughout the fiscal year by the contractor and a United States Engineer Department derrick boat was on the work from March 17 to 31, 1930. The total amount of material removed and accepted during the year was 3,561 cubic yards place measurement. A contract dated August 13, 1926, for dredging and rock removal in the westerly half of the channel from the Baltimore & O'io Railroad bridge to the sharp turn to the eastward opposite Praits Island, suspended at the beginning of the fiscal year, was resumed on August 5, 1929, and completed on August 16, 1929. The amount of material removed and accepted during the year to complete the contract was 51,145 cubic yards. A contract dated May 20, 1929, for dredging and rock removal in the channel north of Shooters Island; in the easterly half of the channel from Pralls Island to opposite Rahway Avenue, Carteret; in the entire width of the channel from opposite Rahway Avenue, Carteret, to opposite Little Fresh Kills and opposite the mouth of Woodbridge Creek, was commenced on July 25, 1929, and continued throughout the year. The total amount of material removed and accepted during the year was 38,321.4 cubic yards. Dredging for maintenance with a United States seagoing dredge to restore project dimensions in the South Amboy Channel was com- menced on February 17, 1930, and completed on April 28, 1930. The total amount of material removed within the project limits was 213,034 cubic yards place measurement. The total cost for the year was $548,016.89 for new work and $55,880.76 for maintenance, a total of $603,897.65. The total ex- penditures were $633,182.72. Condition at end of flscal year.-The project is about 80 per cent completed. Dredging and rock removal contracts in force will com- plete the 400-foot project. Work under the project is completed from upper New York Bay through Kill Van Kull, except for scat- tered shoals at the westerly end thereof; thence the project channel is nearly completed south of Shooters Island; thence the channel is completed to the sharp turn to the eastward opposite Pralls Island; thence the westerly half of the channel is completed to a point about 1,370 feet above Rahway Avenue, Carteret, N. J.; thence a rock shoal which is being removed extends to a point 2,000 feet below Rahway 326 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Avenue, Carteret, in the westerly half of the channel and from Pralls Island to the same point in the easterly half of the channel; thence the channel is completed to deep water at Perth Amboy. The channel in Raritan Bay is completed from deep water at Sandy Hook to deep water at Perth Amboy, N. J. The channel north of Shooters Island is completed except for a small rock shoal in the southerly half thereof. The channel to South Amboy was completed under a previous project. The timber dike north of Shooters Island, completed in November, 1923, is in good condition and is affording very good protection to the channel north of Shooters Island. On June 30, 1930, the controlling depth in Kill Van Kull from upper New York Bay to within one-tenth of a mile of its westerly end was 30 feet at mean low water; thence through the northerly half of the channel, 25.6 feet at mean low water to opposite Bergen Point Light, and in the southerly half of the channel 28.1 feet at mean low water; thence through the channel south of Shooters Island 27.2 feet.at mean low water to the westerly end of Shooters Island; thence 29 to 30 feet to the center of Pralls Island; thence to three-fifths of a mile below the mouth of the Rahway River 30 feet in the westerly half and 24 feet in the easterly half, excepting shoals opposite Tremly Point having depths of 22 feet; thence to about 2,000 feet below the ferry slip at Carteret, about 24 feet; thence about 30 feet to the lower end of the Arthur Kill at Perth Amboy; and thence between 29 and 30 feet through Raritan Bay to deep water in the main ship channel northwest of Sandy Hook, N. J. The controlling depth, mean low water depth, in the channel north of Shooters Island was 20 feet in the northerly half and 17 feet in the southerly half. The controlling depth in the South Amboy Channel was 21 feet at mean low water. There remains to be done to complete the project the completion of the contracts now in force which cover the 400-foot channel at the westerly end of Kill Van Kull and south of Shooters Island; rock shoals in the southerly half of the channel north of Shooters Island; rock removal in the westerly half of the channel from 1,370 feet north of Rahway Avenue, Carteret, to opposite Little Fresh Kills, and rock removal in the easterly half of the channel from Pralls Island to Little Fresh Kills. The costs of existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $8,265,499.99 for new work and $63,809.49 for maintenance, a total of $8,329,309.48. The total expenditures under the existing project were $8,233,356.70. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1930, $1,784,820.92, will be applied to new work as follows: New work: For dredging and rock removal under existing con- tracts in the westerly end of K 11 Van Kull, in the channel south of Shooters Island, in the westerly half of the channel opposite Carteret, in the channel north of Shooters Island, in the easterly half of the channel from Pralls Island to opposite Rahway Avenue, Carteret, and in the channel from opposite Rahway Avenue, Carteret to Little Fresh Kills ._____-- __ $1, 684, 820. 92 Maintenance: For removal by United States plant of shoals in the Raritan Bay Channel- --- _________----__---_ - 100, 000. 00 Total for new work and maintenance-- 1, 784, 820. 92 The funds will be expended at an average rate of about $60,000 per month and will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 327 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 is $90,000 for maintenance. This sum will be expended in the Raritan Bay and Arthur Kill channels to restore project dimensions where shoals have formed since sections of the project were com- pleted. Conm ercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of petroleum products, coal, and building material. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925.--.--.. 31, 344, 879 $1, 223, 922, 400 5, 477, 161 1928-.-.-_39, 707, 855 $1,169, 249, 008 4, 716, 897 1926.-..-. 37, 136, 385 1, 262, 972, 388 5, 729, 464 1929--.-.- 42, 536, 620 1,281, 894, 678 4, 626, 543 1927..-... 41, 199, 416 1, 234, 415, 723 5, 794,884 Exclusive of the following traffic: Cargoes in transit Car ferry Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 13,044,410 $538,542,776......... 1925..........................................-------------------------------------- 1926 --------------------------------------- 7, 397, 577 360,453,077--------------------- 1927---------------------15, 205, 564 380, 137, 100_ 1928-8,494, ,8, 212, 362, 950 084,838 202,120, 514 850 1,243, 940 7$5623, 373,182,000 1929...............................................--------------------------------------- 100 The tonnage for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent of Usual limit Class of freight carried total loaded ofdraft of tonnage vessels Feet Petroleum products....-------------------------------------------------- 63. 8 4-32 Coal ----- ------------------------------------------ 25.5 4-22 Building materials --------------------------------------------------------- 3.8 4-22 Cost and ftnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__--------------------- $11, 430,435.40 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ---------------------- _ 2648, 366. 73 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 -------- 12, 078, 802. 13 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ___-- -__ 22, 293. 10 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 -------- ___-_------ - 12, 101, 095. 23 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930__---------------------- 3, 749. 37 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930-------------------- 12, 104, 844. 60 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-----------------------1__21, 995. 25 Net total expenditures_ ..----- ---- --... - 12 11, 982, 849. 35 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_.-..... -- ____-__- __ -1, 784, 820. 92 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------ 12 13, 767, 670. 27 1 Exclusive of $4,220.79 previously expended for work of removal of drift, New York ' Exclusive of $24,965.94 J Harbor. 328 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 I I I Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 i i i i I Cost of new work.-.-..-...---.-------- $1,305,344.38 $1,438,632.20 $911,644.72 $535, 908. 62 $548, 016. 89 Cost of maintenance -------------------- ............................. 3,182.13 85, 880. 76 Total cost ........................... 1,305,344. 38 1, 438, 632. 20 911,644.72 539,090.75 603, 897.65 Total expended..------------------ ------ 1,305,344. 381, 438,632. 20 897,259.08 461,425.35 633, 182. 72 Allotted-----------...........-------------------- 1,500, 000. 00 1, 700, 000. 00 520, 000. 00 100,000.00 174, 427.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------ $2, 243, 576. 64 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930-- 175, 000. 00 $------------------------------ Amount allotted from War Department appro- priation act approved May 28, 1930------ ----- 100, 000. 00 275,000. 00 Amount to be accounted for ------------------------- 2, 518, 576. 64 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment------------ 100, 573. 00 Net amount to be accounted for----------------------2, 418, 003.64 Gross amount expended 33,232. 22 6----------------------- Less receipts from sales ------------------------ 49. 50 633, 182. 72 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 1, 784, 820. 92 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------- 121, 995. 25 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts ------- 1, 446, 512.08 1, 568, 507.33 Balance available June 30, 1930-----------------------216, 313. 59 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930___ 3, 749. 37 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930-------------- 220, 062.96 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1---------------- 445, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1___ 90, 000. 00 3. ELIZABETH RIVER, N. J. Location and description.-The Elizabeth River is a tidal stream throughout the section under improvement by the United States. It rises in the city of East Orange, N. J., and flows in a general south- easterly direction about 9 miles and empties into Arthur Kill at Elizabethport, about 1 mile below the junction of Arthur Kill with Newark Bay. The drainage area is about 16 square miles. The data at hand are insufficient to determine its discharge, which is, however, very slight, as the flow of the upper part of the river is governed by impounding reservoirs. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 285 and 369.) Original condition.-The width in the tidal part varied from 50 to 90 feet, with a natural depth ranging from 5 to 6 feet at mean low water at the mouth, which decreased to a high-water depth of about 4 feet at Broad Street. Navigation was cut off at Broad Street, Elizabeth, N. J., about 2.7 miles above the mouth, by a bridge with- out a draw. The mean range of tides at the mouth was about 4.7 feet and 3.4 feet at Bridge Street. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 329 Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879. The cost and expenditures on this project were $27,000 for new work and $32,944.45 for maintenance, a total of $59,944.45. For further details of previous projects see page 1778 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide, extending from the mouth to the New York & Long Branch Railroad bridge, a distance of 1 mile. The mean range of tides at the mouth is about 4.7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work (1913) was $15,433.50, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 750, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is printed in the Annual Report for 1905, page 1048. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The project was adopted subject to the condi- tions that before any work should be done by the United States local interests must furnish free of cost suitable places for the deposit of dredged material and also release the United States from all claims for damages due to the possible sloughing of the banks incident to the contemplated dredging. Local interests have complied with these conditions. Terminal facilities.-Thereare 10 private concerns owning wharves fronting on the section of the river covered by the existing project, of which 4 have both rail and water facilities; the others have no railroad connections; only 1 has any mechanical appliance for han- dling freight. There is one publicly owned wharf. The facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Completion of the project has reduced to a certain extent the difficulties of navigation but has had no effect on freight rates either by rail or water. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No dredging was per- formed during the fiscal year. A survey to determine the condition of the improvement was made in April, 1928. This survey indicated that maintenance dredging was not necessary. Conditions have not materially changed since the date of the above survey. There were no costs or expenditures during the year. Concition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed on November 24, 1926. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1930, in the section of the channel covered by the project was about 6 feet to the First Avenue Bridge and thence 4.5 feet to the Central Railroad of New Jersey Bridge. The costs of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $33,481.15 for new work and $552.17 for maintenance, a total of $34,033.32. The total expenditures under the existing project were $34,033.32. Proposed operations.-There were no funds to the credit of this improvement on June 30, 1930. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Only the lower 2,000 feet of this project is used to any extent for commercial purposes, and practically no shoaling has occurred in this section since the project was completed in 1926. 330 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Commercial statistics.--The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of building material and petroleum products. Comparative statement Calender year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925------------------..... --- 8, 328 $39, 936 1928-.....---...---------------.............. 121,923 $1,042, 633 1926. ------------------- 68,107 497,179 1929--------------------- 175,620 1,178,060 1927_ -------------------- 159, 679 1, 283,567 The increased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to an increased tonnage of sand and gravel, water, gas, tar and roofing paper. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent of Usual limit Class of freight carried total draft of tonnage vessels Feet Building materials-....---------------.. ------------------------------------- 97.6 10-12 Petroleum products--. --------------------------------------------------- 2.4 5-10 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------- -------------- ----- $60, 481.15 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------_------------- 33, 496.62 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ------------- 93, 977.77 Net total expenditures------------------ ------------------- 93, 977. 77 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- 93, 977. 77 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---------- ...--------------------------.. ........ $32,500. 00 .. Cost of maintenance ----------------------- $448. 72 $103.45- Total expended------------------------------- 32,500.00 447.96 104.21 ... Allotted ........ _- . .. -.. 32, 500. 00 _............ 8,000. 00 ........----------- $7, 447.83 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $7, 447. 83 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment---------------- 7, 447. 83 4. WOODBRIDGE CREEK, N. J. Location and description.-This creek is a small crooked tidal stream, about 5 miles long, rising near Rahway and flowing southerly and easterly through marshes into the west side of Arthur Kill, or Staten Island Sound, 2 miles north of Perth Amboy, N. J. It is navigable to the second highway bridge, 23/8 miles above the mouth. The drainage area is about 9.6 square miles. The data at hand are insufficient to determine the discharge, which is small. The average width between banks is about 125 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey Charts Nos. 286 and 369.) Originalcondition.-Navigationwas limited to the following mean low-water depths: Over bars at the mouth, 41/2 feet; thence to Ad- RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 331 dick's dock, about 1 mile, 7 to 8 feet; thence one-half mile to vicinity of Valentine's dock, about 5 feet; and thence to the highway bridge, the head of navigation, from 2 to 3 feet. The limiting width for practical navigation was about 50 feet. Previous project.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879. The cost and expenditures, all for new work, under this project, were $19,000. Work under the existing project began in 1902. For further details of previous projects see page 1777 of annual report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water, 50 feet wide on the bottom and 75 feet wide on top, extending from Arthur Kill to the Salamander Dock, a distance of about 9,600 feet. The mean range of tides is about 5 feet. High easterly or westerly winds cause tidal fluctuations of about 2 feet above and below the mean range. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1902, was $35,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. (H. Doc. No. 282, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1900, p. 1552.) The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.--There is one publicly owned wharf and one privately owned wharf on this creek, whose facilities are open to all on equal terms. There are seven private wharves used exclusively for private business. These terminals are in fair condition and ade- quately provide for the handling of the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement of this stream has per- mitted the establishment of a substantial amount of water-borne commerce. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging with Government plant in progress at the beginning of the fiscal year was completed on July 25, 1929, the available funds being prac- tically exhausted. Project dimensions were restored from the mouth of the creek to a point about 1.4 miles above the mouth. Approxi- mately 54,901 cubic yards of material were removed during the year, which was pumped ashore on the adjoining marshland. The total cost for the year was $12,781.34 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $24,785.77. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1908 at a saving of $4,177 under the estimated cost. Mainte- nance dredging has been performed several times since that date. The controlling depths at mean low water on June 30, 1930, were about 8 feet from the mouth of the creek to the Federal Terra Cotta. Co. dock; thence about 5 feet to Valentine's dock; and thence 1.4 feet to the upper end of the project. The costs of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $30,822.70 for new work, $100,394.67 for maintenance; a total of $131,217.37. The total expenditures under the existing project were $131,217.37. 332 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Proposed operations.-There were no funds to the credit of the improvement on June 30, 1930. The amount that can be profitably expended for maintenance dur- ing the fiscal year 1932 is $9,000. This amount will be applied to restoration of project dimensions in the section of the project extend- ing from the mouth of the creek upstream to the town dock, about 1.3 miles. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of building materials, petroleum products, and clay and clay products. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925---------------------15, 880 $601, 547 1928----------------------66, 924 $1, 347, 812 1926 ................--------------------- 71,871 1, 612, 411 1929..----------------------66,118 1,079,284 1927 74, 628 1, 788, 447 The decreased value figure for 1929 is due to a decreased tonnage of petroleum products and asphalt. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent of Usuallimit Class of freight carried total draft of tonnage vessels Feet ----------------------------------------------------- Building materials.............................................. 91. 2 8-14 Petroleum products ..............----------------------------------------------------- 4. 7 5-8 Clay and clay products------........--.. --------------------------------- 3.3 5-8 Cost and financial sunmmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------------- $49, 822. 70 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------------- 100,394.67 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 150, 217. 37 Net total expenditures ------------------------------------ 150, 217. 37 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------ 150, 217. 37 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work................... ...................................... ......... Cost of maintenance ....---------------------$43. 98 $2, 931. 70 $15, 831. 14 $12, 781.34 Total expended -------------------------- 43. 98 2, 931. 70 ------------ 3, 826. 71 24, 785. 77 Allotted------------ -------------------------------------------- 25,000. 00 2, 767.37 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------------$22, 018.40 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929------------------------------------------- 3, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for ---------------------------- 25, 018. 40 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment--------------- -- 232.63 Gross amount expended------------------------- ------ 24, 785.77 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance ---------------- ----- 9, 000. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 333 5. GREAT KILLS, STATEN ISLAND, N. Y. No work has been done under the project and no funds have been allotted, due to nonfulfillment of conditions as to local cooperation. (For full description of this project see Annual Report for 1928, p. 318.) Commercial statistics.-There was no commerce reported for the calendar years 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, and 1929. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------------- ---------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ -------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------------- --- ------ Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-- _----------------------- $62,000.00 6. RARITAN RIVER, N. J. Location and description.-This river is a moderate-sized stream about 70 miles long, rising in the north central part of New Jersey and flowing in a general southeasterly direction into Raritan Bay, between Perth Amboy and South Amboy. The drainage area is about 1,105 square miles. The river is tidal for about 13 miles. The average width between banks is about 3,000 feet to Crab Island, 3.5 miles; thence about 500 feet to New Brunswick. The minimum discharge is about 144 second-feet; the maximum flood discharge has been estimated at 42,548 second-feet. (For location see U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 375.) Original condition.-There were depths of 20 feet at mean low water with a width of 400 feet and more to the " Stakes," about 3.3 miles above the mouth. Above this point to New Brunswick, which was the head of navigation, there were many shoals, where the depths varied from 6.5 to 8.5 feet, and widths from 100 to 400 feet. Above New Brunswick there were rapids and navigation was limited to rowboats and canoes. Previous projects.--A survey of Raritan River for the improve- ment of New Brunswick Harbor was made in 1836, and in the fol- lowing year $13,963 was appropriated for the work, but the records of this office do not show what work was done. Subsequent projects were adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 18, 1878, and March 3, 1881. The cost and expenditures on previous projects have been $673,155.32 for new work and $111,419.43 for maintenance, a total of $784,574.75. For further details of previous projects see page 1777 of Annual Report for 1915 and page 359 of Annual Report for 1918. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 25 feet deep and 300 feet wide extending from the turn in New York and New Jersey Channels near Great Beds Light to deep water above the bridge of the New York and Long Branch division of the Central Railroad of New Jersey; thence a channel 15 feet deep and 200 feet wide, ex- tending from deep water at Keasby to Washington Canal, a distance of 4.7 miles; thence 10 feet deep in soft material, 11 feet in rock, and generally 100 feet wide with widening at bends to the Delaware and Raritan Canal entrance at New Brunswick, a distance of 5.3 miles; 334 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 and for the south channel between Crab Island and the vicinity of Ostranders Dock 3.2 miles long, 10 feet deep and 150 feet wide. The plane of reference is mean low water. The mean range of tides is about 5 feet at the mouth of the river and 51/2 feet at New Bruns- wick. High easterly or westerly winds cause irregular tidal fluctua- tions from 1 to 2 feet above or below the mean range. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $748,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $30,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1919, provided for the 15-foot channel and the south channel (H. Doc. No. 1341, 62d Cong., 3d sess.); the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the 25-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 127, 70th Cong., 1st sess.), the 10-foot channel in soft material, and 11 feet in rock (H. Doc. No. 454, 70th Cong., 2d sess.), and the change in lccation of the lower reach of the South Channel (H. Doc. No. 31, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in the project documents. Recom~mended m odiflcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, authorized a change in the lower reach of the South Channel subject to the provisions that no work shall be undertaken until assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers are received that one or more new terminals will be con- structed on the South Channel, and that necessary spoil-disposal areas will be furnished free of cost to the United States when required. Terminal facilities.-The city of Perth Amboy owns about 1,875 feet of undeveloped frontage on Raritan River. The city of New Brunswick owns three small sites located on the Delaware and Raritan Canal, one of which has a small wharf on it. The city of New Brunswick owns a considerable frontage on the river below the outlet locks of the Delaware and Raritan Canal, and has constructed a public terminal on the site. Other private termi- nals are open to public use. The Government has established a large ammunition and storage depot and arsenal on Raritan River known as Raritan Arsenal. Thirty-eight other wharves are located on Rari- tan River and on the Delaware and Raritan Canal at New Bruns- wick, N. J. The terminals seem sufficient to provide for the needs of existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see Port Series No. 20, Parts II and III, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-It appears from information obtained that this improvement has resulted in a reduction of freight rates. Freight steamers operate daily between New Brunswick and New York during the season of open navigation, furnishing fast and efficient freight service, with rates slightly lower than the competing railroad. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. At the end of the fiscal year Government plant was being shifted from Shrewsbury River, N. J., to do maintenance dredging in the South Channel from its lower end up to Crossman's dock. The total cost for the year was $2,062.08 for maintenance. There were no expenditures during the year. The purpose toward which RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 335 costs were applied was for incidental charges for work to be done in the fiscal year 1931. Condition at end of fiscaZ year.--Work under the project is about 33 per cent completed. Work under the modifications of the project authorized by the act of July 3, 1930, has not been commenced. A channel 15 feet deep and 200 feet wide has been completed from deep water to the Washington Canal 6.7 miles above the mouth, thence under the previous project a channel had been obtained 10 feet deep and 200 feet wide to Whitehead's dock, 1.3 miles, and thence 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide to the canal outlet lock at New Brunswick, a distance of 4 miles. The south channel has been dredged 10 feet deep and 150 feet wide for a distance of 14,500 feet. The mean low water controlling depths on June 30, 1930, were 15 feet in the main channel to the Washington Canal, thence with restricted width 10 feet to Lawrence Creek, and thence 9 feet to the canal lock at New Brunswick; in the south channel 6.5 feet up to Crossman's dock, thence to the upper end of the south channel, about 3.5 feet. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists of the modifications authorized by the 1930 river and harbor act. The costs of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $248,795.28 for new work and $22,081.64 for maintenance, a total of $270,876.92. The total expenditures were $268,814.84. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1930, $20,000, will be applied to restoration of project dimensions by United States plant, in the South Channel from its lower end up- stream to Crossman's dock, during July and August, 1930. The funds will be expended at a rate of about $12,000 per month and will be practically exhausted by August 15, 1930. No new work is contemplated during the fiscal year 1932, as the relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of building material, copper, and lead. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value _ 1,186, 675 1925.........--......... 071,912 $131, 1928------------------...--- 1,409, 009 907,154 $160, 1926_ --- _-------------- 1,125,621 120,794,160 1929-----.........---------------... 1,482, 244 211, 086, 913 1927_---------------- 1, 602,109 197, 212, 329 Exclusive of 'the following traffic: CARGOES IN TRANSIT Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925--- --............... 118,190 $20,433,860 -------------- 1928--............. 225,536 $10,132,405 1926. --------------------- 147, 181 4, 334,900 1929--......-------------- 490, 624 22, 043, 736 1927---------------------- 478,227 9,680,864 The increased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to an in- creased tonnage in building materials and copper. 11714--ENG 1930---22 336 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent of Usual limit Class of freight carried total draft of tonnage vessels Feet Building material ------------------------------------------------------ 52. 9 5-8 Copper .......... ................... .............------------------------------ 37. 7 6-12 Lead.. ---------------------------------------------------------------- 5.1 6-12 Cost and financwial summa/ry Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ---------------------- $921, 950. 60 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 133, 501. 07 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 055, 451. 67 1-----------, Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 2, 062. 08 Net total expenditures__-- _________- 1, 053, 389. 59 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------- 20, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------------ 1, 073, 389. 59 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_-- Cost of maintenance--.....---..---------------- $104. 53 $247. 09 $796. 70 $10, 117. 66 $2, 063. 08 Total expended---_------------------ 104. 53 247. 09 789. 83 10, 124. 53-_ Allotted. ------------------------------------------------------------------- 20, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930----------------------------------$20, 000. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 20, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 __------- ---- 2, 062. 08 Balance available June 30, 1930_ ------ - __-__--- ---- 17, 937. 92 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ - 499, 200.00 7. WASHINGTON CANAL AND SOUTH RIVER, N. J. Location and description.-This river rises in central New Jersey, about 7 miles southwest of Freehold. It flows in a northerly direc- tion about 20 miles to 1 mile above Sayreville, where it .empties into the Raritan River about 8 miles above the mouth of the latter. The drainage area is about 133 square miles. It is tidal for about 10 miles. Its average width between banks is 300 feet. The minimum discharge is about 25 second-feet; the maximum discharge is about 3,249 second-feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 375.) Original condition.-A private canal about three-fourths of a mile long had been dredged from near Washington on the South River to Sayreville on the Raritan River, which shortened the sailing course about 2 miles. The original low-water depth in the canal was about 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 337 3.5 feet and in the river about 2.5 feet as far as Old Bridge, the head of navigation. The limiting widths in the canal were 80 feet, then about 100 feet to Bisset's brickyard, 3.7 miles above the mouth of the canal, and then about 50 feet or less to Old Bridge, about 6.3 miles above the mouth of the canal. Previous projects.-The first project adopted by the Government for this improvement was by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871. Subsequent projects were authorized by the acts of June 14, 1880, and July 25,. 1912. The cost and expenditures on these projects were $242,158.87, of which $157,224.41 was for new work and $84,- 934.46 for maintenance. For further details of previous project see page 1778 of Annual Report for 1915 and page 323, Annual Report for 1929. Existing project.-This provides for a channel, to be obtained by diking and dredging, 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide in Washington Canal, 1.1 miles, and 12 feet deep and generally 150 feet wide in South River following cut-off No. 1 up to Old Bridge, 4.1 miles. The tidal variation at the canal is 5.34 feet, and at Old Bridge 4.57 feet. Irregular tidal fluctuations from 1 to 2 feet, respectively, above or below the mean range take place during high easterly or westerly winds. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1929, is $90,000 exclu- sive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1929) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 109, 71st Cong. 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, pro- vides that local interests give assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers that they will dredge a channel 12 feet deep and generally 150 feet wide between the highway bridge at South River and Old Bridge; and that the necessary rights of way and spoil disposal areas be furnished without cost to the United States. The Washington Canal was dredged about 1830, prior to any im- provement by the Government, by the New Jersey Transportation Co. No information is obtainable as to the cost of this work. Terminal facilities.-There is one publicly owned wharf at South River. There are also 14 private wharves, some of which are open to public use. These facilities seem adequate under existing con- ditions. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 20, Pts. II and III, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has tended to make transportation by water easier and better. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-None. A section of channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and about 150 feet wide has been dredged by the State of New Jersey, extend- ing downstream from a point 300 feet above the dock of the South River Sand Co., at Old Bridge to the railroad bridge at South River. This work has eliminated maintenance work under the 6-foot project. There were no costs or expenditures during the year. 338 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done on the 12-foot project authorized by the 1930 river and harbor act. The controlling depth on June 30, 1930, at mean low water was 8.4 feet to South River; thence 7 feet to the Raritan River railroad bridge; thence 10 to 11 feet to the vicinity of Tennents Creek; thence 7 feet to the vicinity of the Terra Cotta Products Corporation dock; thence 9 to 11 feet to 300 feet above the South River Sand Co.'s dock; thence 3 feet to the upper end of the project at Old Bridge. No expendi- tures have been made or costs incurred. Proposed operations.-There were no funds to the credit of this improvement on June 30, 1930. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 is $90,000. It is proposed to expend this amount for new work in the completion of the 12-foot project. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of building material. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925.....--------------------- 53,651 $315,374 1928----------------------- 208,516 $634, 699 1926 --------------------- 253,406 1,668,047 1929----------------------- 170,191 455,153 1927... -------------------- 218, 935 1,044,055 The decreased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to a decreased tonnage of building material. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent of Usual imit Class of freight carried total odraft of tonnage vessels Feet Building material ------------------------------------------------------- 100 5-12 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------- $157, 224. 41 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-..------------------------- 84, 934. 46 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ----------- 242, 158. 87 Net total expenditures ------------------------------------ 242, 158. 87 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------------- 242, 158. 87 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_ __ _______ ____- Cost of maintenance--------------- ....- $91.95 $23, 370.87 $2, 537.18 $8, 599.61------ Total expended--------------------------.. 91.95 23, 370.87 52,537.18 8,599.61.......... Allotted...------------------------------ 11, 000.00 15, 000.00 8,000.00 6, 800.00 -- $6,200.39 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 339 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------------$6,200. 39 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment---------------- 6, 200. 39 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ----------------------------------------- 90, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for new work ---------------------------- 90, 000. 00 8. CHEESEQUAKE CREEK, N. J. The project is about 45 per cent completed. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and no balance is available. No work is proposed as there is practically no commerce at the present time and consequently no call for dredging. For full description of this project see Annual Report for 1928, page 326. Commercial statistics.-No commerce reported for 1929. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925..........---------------------- (1) (1) 1928......--------------------................. (1) (1) 1926 ---------------------- (1) (1) 1929 ...............--------------------- () (1) 1927 ----------------------- 400 $6,394 1 No commerce reported. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------ ------------------- $40, 000.00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------- ----------- 24, 956. 69 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 64, 956. 69 Net total expenditures----- ------ ----- 64,956.69 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- 4, 956. 69 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-..... . . .. .- . -. . - -. . . -. - .. . . . .. -... Cost of maintenance_._- .-- -.- .$---.- --- - -$62. 95 $2, 790. 11 ................... Total expended ------------------------------------ 62. 95 2, 790. 11 --------------- Allotted ---- ....... ---------- -................................... 0 0 _ 5,000. -$2, 146. 94 ... ... Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-_ ----------------- $-50, 000. 00 9. KEYPORT HARBOR, N. J. Location and description.-Keyport Harbor lies at the mouth of Matawan Creek, on the.south side of Raritan Bay, 5 miles east of the mouth of Raritan River and about 9 miles west of Sandy Hook, and consists of a bay 1 mile broad. It is sheltered on the east by Conaskonk Point and on the west by Matawan Point. The distance by water to New York City is about 21 miles; to Perth Amboy, 5 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 369.) Original condition.-There was no distinct channel in the harbor, and the available depth over the flats to the wharves was less than 4 feet at mean low water. A 6-foot channel had been dredged at 340 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 private expense before the United States assumed charge of the improvement, but it had shoaled again to about 5 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel about 1 mile long from Raritan Bay to the steamboat dock at Keyport, the width to be 200 feet and the depth to be 8 feet at mean low water. The mean range of tides is 4.9 feet. High easterly or westerly winds cause the tides to fluctuate from 1 to 2 feet above or below the mean range. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1883, was $40,475. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved August 2, 1882 (H. Doc. No. 153, 42d Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1873, p. 941). The latest published map is printed in the Annual Report for 1905, page 1040. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required. A channel 6 feet deep and 100 feet wide had been dredged at private expense in 1867, but this channel had shoaled to its original condition at the time of the adoption of the project. The amount expended on this work is not known. Terminal facilities.-There are four serviceable privately owned wharves located on Keyport Harbor. Only one of these is open to public use. The terminal facilities seem adequate under existing conditions. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of this improvement in pre- vious years has been to make a large reduction in freight rates and to facilitate the marketing of all kinds of farm products. Efficient steamboat service has been given between Keyport and New York. During the past few years, however, commerce has considerably de- creased, due to competition of the motor truck, and the greater part of the farm produce is now carried in that manner. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging with Government plant was commenced on April 24, 1930, and com- pleted on May 24, 1930. Project dimensions were restored through- out the authorized channel. The total amount of material removed was 112,618 cubic yards. The total cost for the year was $15,119.21, for maintenance. The total expenditures were $5,772.36. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1911. The controlling low-water depth on June 30, 1930, to the upper steamboat wharf at Keyport was about 8 feet, in a channel practi- cally of project width. The costs of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $40,475 for new work and $117,897.92 for maintenance, a total of $158,372.92. The total expenditures under the existing project were $149,026.07. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1930, $9,- 727.64 are practically all obligated to the first New York district, for rental and operation of the U. S. dredge De Witt Clinton for maintenance work performed in April and May, 1930. No funds can be profitably expended for maintenance during the fiscal year 1932, as it is believed that the maintenance work com- RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 341 pleted in May, 1930, will provide for the needs of navigation until the fiscal year 1933. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of building material and general merchandise. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925-------------.-----_ 5, 332 $1,599,600 1928--------- ----------- 12, 381 $3,219,364 1926---......--..----- -- - 16 4, 222 1929--------... ------------- 19, 219 2, 468, 474 1927_------------------___ 6, 093 1, 659,160 Exclusive of cargoes in transit: CARGOES IN TRANSIT Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925---------------------(1) (1) 1928.(--------------------- () 1926---------------------(1) (1) 1929...--------------------- (1) (1) 1927 ----------------------- 461 $567 1 No commerce reported at Matawan Creek. The increased tonnage figure for 1929 is due to an increased ton- nage of crushed stone. The decreased value figure for 1929 is due to a decreased tonnage of general merchandise. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent of Usual limit Class of freight carried total loaded draof draft of tonnage vessels Feet Building material--------------.................. ...............................--------------------------------------- 57. 4 8-12 General merchandise............................--------------------------------------------------42.6 8-12 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------ $40, 475. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------------- 117, 897. 92 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 158, 372. 92 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 9, 346. 85 Net total expenditures 026. 07 1---------------------------- Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 9, 727. 64 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 753. 71 1---------------58, Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .... . . .... Cost of maintenance-__ -------------- $47. 06, $11. 30 $20. 67 -------- $15, 119. 21 Total expended--......------.-.-.---- - 47. 06 11. 30 20. 67 ------------ 5, 772. 36 Allotted------------------- --------------------- 15, 500. 00 342 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 AmoUnt allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930, March 26, 1930 ---------------------------------------------- $20, 000.00 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment.----------------- 4, 500.00 Net amount to be accounted for-----------------------15, 500.00 Gross amount expended------------------------------------- 5, 772. 36 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 9, 727. 64 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------------------- 9, 346. 85 Balance available June 30, 1930--------------------------- 380. 79 10. MATAWAN CREEK, N. J. The project is 90 per cent completed. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and no balance is available. No work is now proposed, as there is practically no commerce at the present time, and consequently no call for dredging. (For full description of this project see Annual Report for 1920, p. 378.) Commercial statistics.-No commerce reported for 1929. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925---------------------.................. (1) (1) 1928 --------------------- (1) (1) 1926--------------------- (1) (1) 1929....-------------------- (1) (1) 1927----------------------- 461 $667 I No commerce reported. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------------- $21, 000.00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------ 70, 358.17 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 91, 358. 17 Net total expenditures----------------------------- ------ 91, 358. 17 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 19309-------------------- 1, 358. 17 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ----------------- Cost of maintenance. .-. --- ------------ ------------ __..-- ___ -------- -- --------- --------- Total expended.--- Allotted. . Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of ex- isting project --------------------------------------------- $12, 120 11. SHOAL HARBOR AND COMPTON CREEK, N. J. Location and description.-Shoal Harbor is an indentation on the south shore of Raritan and Sandy Hook Bays at their junction, about 5 miles southwest from Sandy Hook. It is about 19 miles dis- tant from New York City. The harbor is not landlocked. Compton Creek is a small, crooked tidal stream rising on the west side of the Navesink Highlands and flowing for 5 to 6 miles in a general north- erly direction through the meadows into Shoal Harbor. The drain- RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 343 age area is about 6.5 square miles. The discharge is slight. For loca- tion see United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 369. Original condition.-The entrance was obstructed by a broad, flat shoal extending along the south shore of Sandy Hook Bay. The distance between deep water in the creek and the 4-foot depth in the bay was about one-half mile. The available depth across this shoal was less than 1 foot at mean low water. The creek was navi- gable for 1 mile above its mouth, where it was crossed by a railroad bridge, and about one-half mile above its mouth it is crossed by a highway bridge with a draw opening 40 feet wide; the width below this point varied from 80 to 100 feet. The available low-water depths varied from 3 to 6 feet. Previous projects.--None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel by dredging ana diking about two-thirds of a mile in length, connecting Compton Creek with the 4-foot curve in Raritan Bay, the width to be 150 feet in the bay and 75 feet in and near the mouth of the creek, the depth to be 4 feet at mean low water. The mean range of tides is 4.5 feet. Irregular fluctuations from 1 to 2 feet above or below the mean range occur in the tides during heavy easterly or westerly storms. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1890, is,$64,130. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved September 19, 1890 (S. Doc. No. 80, 48th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1884, p. 770). The latest published map is printed in House Document No. 40, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.--It is recommended that the project be modified by eliminating the proposed dike and reduc- tion of width of channel in bay from 150 feet to 100 feet (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no public terminals located on this creek. There are, three privately owned wharves, two of which are open to the public on equal terms. Two of these terminals are in efficient condition and are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of this improvement has been to render navigation in and out of the creek easier. Before im- provement it was practically impossible to bring a boat into the creek except at high water. The creek is used extensively as a harbor of refuge by small fishing craft; according to reports gathered, about 200 such boats harbor here. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Nothing was done on this waterway during the year. The channel was in fair condition and maintenance did not appear warranted until the.spring of 1931. There were no costs or expenditures during the year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 60 per cent of the area to be dredged under the project has been completed. The last new work was done on the improvement in 1899. No dikes have been built. The controlling depth into the creek on June 30, 1930, through the improved channel was 6 feet at mean low water. 344 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The costs of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $17,000 for new work and $145,638.71 for maintenance, a total of $162,638.71. The total expenditures under the existing project were $162,638.71. Proposed operations.-There were no funds to the credit of this improvement on June 30, 1930. The amount that can be profitably expended for maintenance dur- ing the fiscal year 1932 is $13,500. This amount will be expended to restore dimensions throughout the completed portion of the project. There does not appear to be any need for further new work under the project at the present time: Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of building material, lumber, ashes, and cinders. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925 __...................... 36, 433 $3, 063, 744 1928.......--------------------- 38, 465 $2,176, 965 1926__----- 17, 345 2, 566, 568 -. 1929 --- .....---- 69, 433 1, 469, 903 1927_---. ----------.-- 33, 876 1, 626, 353 The increase in tonnage for 1929 is due to an increased tonnage of building material and lumber. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent of Usual limit Class of freight carried total draft of tonnage vessels Feet ----------- Building material_ _ _---------------------------------------- 45. 3 6-12 Lumber... ------------------------------------------------------------- 26. 3 6-12 Ashes and cinders ........................------------------------------------------------------ 19. 2 6-10 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 -------------------- -- $17, 000. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------- 145, 638. 71 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930__ ____.. 162, 638. 71 Net total expenditures______------------- ----- _ 162, 638. 71 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- 162, 638. 71 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------------------------- ------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance . $9, 067. 90 .------------------- $435. 11 $13, 183. 23 $15, 036. 44 - Total expended ._____---------------------- 9,1 067. 9000 435. 11 -- 23 13, 183. 15, 036. 44- - Allotted--------. ......... -- - 10, 000. 00 7, 500 00 -..... Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_-- $47, 130. 00 Amount that can be be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance --- 1------------3, 500. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 345 12. SHREWSBURY RIVER, N. J. Location and description.-This river is mainly a large tidal basin in the eastern part of New Jersey consisting of two bays, each having an area of about 3 square miles, and known, respectively, as the North Branch (or Navesink River), which rises near Freehold, flows easterly, and is about 15 miles long, and the South Branch, about 7 to 8 miles long, which flows in a northerly direction; and a channel called the Main Stem, which unites the two branches near Norman- die and extends northerly 23/4 miles to the outlet at the southeast end of Sandy Hook Bay, about 4 miles south from the point of Sandy Hook. The total drainage area is about 250 square miles. The dis- charge is not known. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 543.) Original condition.-The available mean low-water depth to Oceanic on the North Branch was 31/2 feet, to Sea Bright on the South Branch 21/2 feet, and in the Main Stem 4 feet. The minimum widths were variable, owing to the shifting nature of the sand which forms the bottom of the river and which changed position after every big storm. The bays above these points had sufficient depths and widths to accommodate light-draft navigation. The river is navi- gable on the North Branch to Red Bank, 8 miles from the mouth, where it is crossed by three bridges, without draws, and on the South Branch to Branchport, 9 miles from the mouth, and to Little Silver, Oceanport, Parkers Creek, North Long Branch, and Monmouth Beach on its several arms. Previous projects.-By act of Congress, August 30, 1852, $1,500 was appropriated for a survey to ascertain the extent of a break through the beach between Shrewsbury River and the ocean, but no work of improvement was done after the survey was made. The first project for the improvement of the Shrewsbury River was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and a subsequent one by the act of June 3, 1879, modified in 1883 and 1887. Work under the existing project was commenced in 1919. The cost and expendi- tures under previous projects have been $220,893.95 for new work and $286,606.05 for maintenance, a total of $507,500. For scope of previous projects, see page 1778 of Annual Report for 1915 and page 373 of Annual Report for 1918. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water 300 feet wide from the mouth to Island Beach, 1.4 miles; thence 200 feet wide to the junction of the two branches, 1 mile; thence 150 feet wide to Red Bank and Branchport, 5 and 6.4 miles in the North Branch and South Branch, respectively. The mean range of tides on the outer bar is 5 feet; at Highlands Bridge, 3 feet; at Sea Bright, 1.3 feet; at Branchport, 0.86 foot; and at Oceanic, 2.5 feet. High easterly or westerly winds cause irregular tidal fluctuations from 1 to 2 feet above or below the mean range. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1923, is $146,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1912) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000 during construction and $20,000 thereafter. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 1296, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 157, Seventy-first Con- gress, second session. 346 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of December 12, 1929, the Chief of Engineers recommended modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 12 feet deep and 300 feet wide, following the westerly shore to a point 600 feet south of the Highlands Bridge, at an estimated cost of $205,000, with $10,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. (H. Doc. No. 157, 71st Cong., 2d sess.) Local cooperation.-Dredgingin the channel has been done several years ago at various times by the local steamboat companies. The available information does not give the amount or cost of this work. Terminal facilities.-There are four publicly owned wharves on the river. There are 17 privately owned wharves used for commer- cial purposes, many of which are open to general public use on equal terms. The terminals seem to provide adequately for the demands of existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-It appears from the reports received that freight rates have been lowered as a result of the improvement by the United States. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging with Government plant was commenced on May 9, 1930, and discon- tinued on June 28, 1930, the available funds being practically ex- hausted. Project dimensions were restored over the shoal south of Highlands Bridge and at the upper crossover in the North Branch below the Oceanic Bridge. About 11,138 cubic yards of material were removed and disposed of by pumping on the adjacent shore or in shoal water 800 to 1,000 feet from the channel. The total cost for the year was $14,673 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $1,146.39. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work under the project is about 66 per cent completed. Project dimensions were obtained before the adoption of the existing project in the main stem and in the lower parts of the two branches under the previous project. New work has since been done in the south branch between the steamboat wharf at Sea Bright and the upper end of the project at Branchport. The controlling depths on June 30, 1930, at mean low water over the bars in the river were about 6 feet, although channel widths over some of the bars were narrow in places. There yet remains to be done, to complete the project, dredging in the upper end of the north branch at the locality of the steamboat dock at Red Bank, N. J., and at the locality of the highway bridge at Oceanic. The costs of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $96,304.66 for new work and $137,068.34 for maintenance, a total of $233,373. The total expenditures under the existing project were $219,846.39. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1930, $13,526.61, are obligated to the first New York district for rental and operation of the United States dredge De Witt Clinton for mainte- nance work performed in May and June, 1930. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 is $9,000 for maintenance to restore project dimensions where shoals occur each season. The work will be done by contract or by United States plant, dependent on the method that is more economical. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 347 No further new work under the project is warranted at the present time. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of riprap, building material, coal, and ashes. Comparative statement Calendar Short Value Passengers Calendar Short Value Passengers year tons year tons 1925 .- 50, 702 $23,309,122 191, 845 1928.--- 38, 794 $132, 920 (1) 1926--..---... 62, 388 241, 666 (1) 1929----- 46, 633 176, 014 98, 438 1927.- 43,235 148, 827 (1) 1 No statistics available. The increased tonnage and value figures for 1929 are due to an increased tonnage of coal and crushed stone. The commerce for 1929 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table. Per cent of Usual limit Class of freight carried total of loaded draft of tonnage vessels Feet Riprap------- ------------------------------------------------------- 75. 0 6-8 Building material.---.--- ----------------------------------------------- 8. 9 6-8 Coal------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8.6 6-8 7.5 Ashes----------......---------------------------------------------------------------- 6-8 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930- ------------------------ $317, 198. 61 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 423, 674 39 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 40, 873.00 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------------13, 526. 61 Net total expenditures -- -------------------------- 727, 346.39 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------_ 13, 526. 61 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 740, 873.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..................... Cost of maintenance...........-------------------$18, 836. 61 $718. 09 $19, 716. 33 $14, 296. 28 $14,673. 00 Total expended--.. .........---------- 18, 836.61 718.09 19,690. 43 14, 322. 18 1, 146.39 Allotted .... .........----------------------------- 15, 000. 00 10,000. 00 ------------- 14, 673. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930_-------- $14, 500.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929------------------------------------------------ 173. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------ 14, 673. 00 Gross amount expended--- ------- ------------------------ 1, 146. 39 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 --- -_ . -..... 13, 526. 61 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930...------------ -13, 526. 61 348 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of $50, 000. 00 existing project existing project ---------------------------------------- $50, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance -____ ------------------- 9, 000. 00 13. MANASQUAN RIVER, N. J. Location and description.-This is a small stream about 17 miles long located in the eastern part of New Jersey, rising near Freehold and flowing in a southeasterly direction to the Atlantic Ocean, about 26 miles south of Sandy Hook. The drainage area is about 80 square miles. The navigable part is a lagoon about half a mile wide, extending from the beach in a westerly direction about 3 miles, thence through a narrow reach into a second lagoon about one-third of a mile wide and about 2 miles long, with depths vary- ing from 2 to 5 feet. The combined areas of the two lagoons is about 1,200 acres. The average discharge of fresh water is about 130 second-feet. There is at present (1930) no direct connection with the ocean, due to a sand bar across the mouth of the river. Connec- tion with the ocean is by way of Barnegat Inlet by means of a canal constructed by the State of New Jersey from Barnegat Inlet to Manasquan River. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Map No. 1216.) Original condition.-In its original condition, the lower reaches of the river, about 6 miles long, had depths varying from 3 to 5 feet. The upper reaches were obstructed by fallen trees and logs. The entrance through the bar or beach at the mouth was very un- stable, shifting continually, the movement being from south to north, gradually forming an S-shaped entrance. When in its south- ern or normal location depths over the bar varied from 3 to 4 feet, but as the inlet moved progressively northward the depths decreased to 1 foot or less, restricting the natural flow to such an extent that pressure of flood waters or wind and tidal conditions would cause a break in the beach at the southerly end and the northerly movement of the cycle would be repeated. Previous projects.-The previous project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879. The cost and expenditure under previous projects have been $39,000 for new work and $2,054.11 for maintenance, a total of $41,054.11. (For scope of previous project see Annual Report for 1909, p. 186.) Existing project.-This provides for opening of Manasquan Inlet and the provision of works designed to secure a channel at least 8 feet deep. The mean tidal range in the ocean opposite the inlet is 3.8 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1928, is $600,000, exclusive of amount expended under previous projects, of which $300,000 is to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930. (H. Doc. No. 482, 70th Cong., 2d sess.) This document contains the latest published map. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 349 Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, adopts the project subject to the following provisions: That no ex- pense shall be incurred by the United States for any land needed in connection with the improvement, and that local interests shall con- tribute 50 per cent of the cost of the original work and give as- surance satisfactory to the Sepretary of War and the Chief of Engi- neers that they will hold and save the United States free from all claims for damage or injury to beaches and private property that may result from the construction or maintenance of the jetties and entrance channel. These conditions have been met and work under the project was commenced on June 13, 1930. Terminal facilities.-No docks, wharves, or terminals suitable for commercial purposes have been established on the waterway. There are many small boat landings. Effect of improvement.-The plan of improvement has been only partially completed. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-A contract dated May 6, 1930, for jetty and bulkhead construction and for channel excava- tion was commenced on June 13, 1930, ajd was in progress at the close of the fiscal year. In the period worked during the year there were placed 4,768.43 tons of riprap and 130 linear feet of sheet pile core. The total cost for the year was $818.47 (United States funds), all for new work. The total expenditures under the existing project were $756.45 (United States funds). Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work under the existing project had not progressed sufficiently far to produce any results in so far as opening the inlet is concerned. On June 30, 1930, a sand dune across the inlet effectually stopped the flow of water to and from the ocean. The costs of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $818.47, all for new work. The total expenditures under the exist- ing project were $756.45. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1930, $313,- 618.55, which includes $300,000 contributed by local interests, will be applied to new work constructing two parallel jetties and bulk- heads of an aggregate length of about 1,650 feet and dredging a channel 4 feet deep at mean low water and about 1,200 feet long. The funds will be expended at an average rate of about $50,000 per month and will be practically exhausted by December 30, 1930. The work will be done by contract. No new work is planned during the fiscal year 1932 as the relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of further new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-There was no commerce reported for the calendar years 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, and 1929. 350 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1930 Cost and flnancial summary UNITED STATES FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_...... $39, 818. 47 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--- ----------- __ __ 2, 054. 11 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930- -----__--__ 41, 872. 58 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 6-------------------- -62. 02 Net total expenditures --- ---------------------- 41, 810. 56 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------13, 618. 55 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------55, 429.11 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--- - . ..--------- ---------- - ---------. -------- ------------.... $818.47 work-- Cost of maintenancew --- Total expended_.... ------ -------- _.............--........ ....... $756.45 Allotted. ...... _- .-..... ..-... 14, 375. 00 amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929-_ ------ -------------------------------- $14, 375.00 Gross amount expended --------------------------------------- 756.45 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 13, 618. 55 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 -------------------------- 2. 02 Balance available June 30, 1930_ ---------------------- 13, 556. 53 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - existing project 300, 000. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 .____ Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ ----- -__----------- ----- $300, 000 __- Total amount contributed to June 30, 1930-----------------------300, 000 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.--. mneno ........ .. ..................... ........ ............ Cost of maintenance- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - Total expended--------- ------------ ----------------------------- ------------ Contributeduted .. _------------------------------------------------------------- $300,000 Amount contributed by local interests ____________________--- __ $300, 000. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930______- ___________________ 300, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930__________________ $20, 687. 53 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts ------------ 178, 331. 97 199, 019. 50 Balance available June 30, 1930_ -- ------ __- _____-_ 100, 980. 50 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 351 CONSOLIDATED COST AND FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR MANASQUAN RIVER, N. J. Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 --------------------------- $39, 818. 47 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------------- 2, 054. 11 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ----- ,---- 41, 872. 58 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 --------------------------- 62. 02 Net total expenditures______ 41, 810. 56 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------------------- 313, 618. 55 Total amount appropriated and contributed to June 30, 1930_ 355, 429.11 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work----------------...---------------- ------------.--.------------ $818.47 Cost of maintenance--..-------------------------------------------------------....................-----......... Total expended.. ----------------------------------------------------------------756. 45 Allotted and contributed.. ------------------------------------- 314, 375.00 Amount contributed by local interests -----------------------$300, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929----------------------------------------------14, 375. 00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------__- 314, 375. 00 Gross amount expended_ -__- - ____ -- -___________- _-- 756. 45 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 __ -______ -________ 313, 618. 55 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ------ ____ $20, 749. 55 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts---------- 178, 331. 97 199, 081. 52 Balance available June 30, 1930_ ---- ____--____ - 114, 537. 03 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - 300, 000. 00 14. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of prelimi- nary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor- line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $18,204.42; the expenditures were $18,248.51. The bal- ance unexpended June 30, 1930, $10,434.25, will be applied as needed (luring the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in con- nection with the above items. The additional sum of $16,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 11714A-- 1930----23 352 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and ftnanial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_____________ ________ _ $37, 037. 71 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930_____-___________ ______ 2, 216. 19 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 _____________ 39, 253.90 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930__.___ -___- 1________ 1, 688. 15 Net total expenditures- -___--____ __ __-________ 37, 565. 75 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------- 10, 434. 25 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ____ ________ 48, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work Cost of maintenance- __--------_-_----------------------$18,833.29 $18, 204.42 Total expended- ... ..... .---...------ . .. . ...... 317.24 19, 18,248. 51 Allotted-- .....---.--...------ ----------.................--------------------- 35,00.00 13,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__---------------------------$15, 682. 76 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-----------------------------------------------13, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for__--- ......- ___---------_ 28, 682. 76 Gross amount expended________---------------- $18, 412.36 Less receipts from sales- 63. 85 1------------------------------ 18, 248. 51 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_______________ __ _ 10, 434. 25 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_______________-_______-_____ 1, 688. 15 Balance available June 30, 1930__------- ____ 8, 746. 10 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1___________ __ 16, 000. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN COMPLIANCEI WITH THE RIVER, AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JANUARY 21, 1927 Reports on preliminary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Con- gress and printed in documents as indicated: 1. Preliminary examination and survey of Passaic River, N. J.- Reports dated April 25, 1928, and October 11, 1929, with map, are printed in House Document No. 156, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide from Newark Bay to a point 3,000 feet above the Lincoln Highway Bridge, at an estimated cost of $1,266,000, with $29,000 annually for maintenance. 2. Preliminary examination and survey of Shrews'bury River, N. J.-Reports dated July 21, 1927, and April 24, 1929, with maps, are printed in House Document No. 157, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 12 feet deep and 300 x Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 353 feet wide, at an estimated cost of $205,000, with $10,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of gaking other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by The river and harbor acts of August 8, 1917, March 3, 1925, and July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. New York Harbor--West side of upper bay from Constable Hook to Ellis Island. 2. Smiths Creek, N. J. 3. Elizabeth River, N. J. 4. Newark Bay, N. J., with a view to providing anchorage grounds in the vicinity of the Port Newark Terminal. 5. East branch of Shrewsbury River, N. J., from Highlands to Long Branch. 6. Rahway River, N. J. 7. Cut-off channel off Perth Amboy, N. J., to connect the Raritan River Channel with the southerly end of the channel in Arthur Kill. 8. New York and New Jersey Channels from deep water in the vicinity of Sandy Hook, New Jersey, through lower New York Bay, Raritan Bay, Arthur Kill, Staten Island Sound, and Kill van Kull, to deep water in upper New York Bay, including the channel north of Shooters Island, with a view to securing channels of sufficient depth and width and adequate anchorage areas for vessels using such channels. 9. Compton Creek, N. J. 10. East Branch of Shrewsbury River, N. J. 11. Shark River, N. J. The division engineer, North Atlantic division, was charged with the duty of making an investigation of the New York Bay-Delaware River section of the intracoastalwaterway, for the sole purpose of finding and recommending the most desirable route for such water- way, with a minimum depth of 25 feet and adequate width, with plans and estimate of cost of same, and with a provision that the State of New Jersey or other local interests shall furnish all neces- sary rights of way, without cost to the United States, provided for by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, and report thereon will be duly submitted when received. REPORTS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated February 28, 1929, a review of reports on New York and New Jersey Channels, printed in House Document No. 653, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee and printed in River and Harbor Document No. 17, Seventy-first Congress, second "session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for an anchorage area at Perth Ambov 33 feet deep and of sufficient size for three vessels, at an estimated cost of $390,000, with $10,000 annually for maintenance in addition to that now required. By resolution dated April 10, 1928, a review of reports on Raritan River, N. J., printed in House Document No. 1341, Sixty-second Congress, third session, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee and printed in River and Harbor 354 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1930 Committee Document No. 31, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to preide for relocating the south channel at its lower end, at an estima ed cost of $21,000, with no increase in maintenance over that now required, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolution dated January 9, 1923, a review of reports on the New York Bay-Delaware River section of the Intracoastal Water- way, printed in House Document No. 391, Sixty-second Congress, second session, House Document No. 196, Sixty-third Congress, first session, and River and Harbor Committee Document No. 6, Sixty- sixth Congress, third session, was requested. Report thereon was transmitted to the committee and printed in River and Harbor Com- mittee Document No. 38, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made that the construction of a canal connect- ing New York Bay and Delaware River is not justified at the present time. Other reports as indicated below, called for by resolutions of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, House of Representatives, will be submitted as soon as practicable: 1. Review of reports on Newark Bay, N. J., printed in House Document No. 206, Sixty-seventh Congress, second session. 2. Review of reports on Elizabeth River, N. J., printed in House Document No. 750, Sixty-second Congress, second session. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT This district includes the watersheds drained by the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers, embracing a small area in southeastern New York, the eastern part of Pennsylvania, and the shore lines only of New Jersey and Delaware bordering on the Delaware River and Bay. The tributaries of the Delaware River below Trenton, N. J., on the east side, and below the Schuylkill River on the west side, are not included in this district. District engineer: Col. G. B. Pillsbury, Corps of Engineers, to June 26, 1930; and Lt. Col. E. D. Peek, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. W. J. Barden, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Delaware River between Phil- 4. Schuylkill River, Pa- ------- 376 adelphia, Pa., and Trenton, 5. Harbor of refuge, Delaware N. J -------------------- 354 Bay, Del------------ 381 2. Delaware River, Pa., N. J., 6. Examinations, surveys, and and Del., Philadelphia, Pa., contingencies (general) ___ 383 to the sea ___.______ 361 3. Delaware River at Camden, N. J-------------------- 373 1. DELAWARE RIVER, BETWEEN PHILADELPHIA, PA., AND TREN- TON, N. J. Location and description.-The Delaware River has its source in southeastern New Yorlk, flows in a general southerly direction, form- ing the boundary line between the States of New York and New RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 355 Jersey on the east and Pennsylvania and Delaware on the west, and empties into Delaware Bay. Its total length is about 315 miles. 'The distance by water from Philadelphia Harbor to the harbor of refuge at the mouth of Delaware Bay is about 101 miles. The length of the bay, from the mouth of the river at Liston Point to the Atlantic Ocean, is about 50 miles. The distance by water from Allegheny Avenue, Philadelphia, to the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge at Tren- ton, is about 30.5 miles. Tidewater extends to Trenton, N. J. The drainage area of the river is about 12,000 square miles and the average discharge above tidal influence near Trenton, N. J., varies from about 5,200 second-feet during the summer months to about 22,000 second-feet during the winter and spring months. Below Philadelphia the effect of the fresh-water inflow on the regimen of the stream is almost negligible. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey Charts Nos. 1218, 294, 295, and 296.) Original condition.-The channel was obstructed by shoals carry- ing depths of 3 to 8 feet, and between Bordentown and Trenton it was narrow and circuitous. The section of the river at Trenton, between Lalor Street and the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge, was so obstructed by rocks and shoals as to be unfit for commercial naviga- tion. The head of steamboat navigation was at Lalor Street, Tren- ton, about 29.7 miles above Allegheny Avenue, Philadelphia, but the river was navigable fir-rafting and logging and for small boats for a distance of about 214 miles above Trenton. Previows projects. The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872, and was modified by the acts of March 3, 1875; June 14, 1880; July 5, 1884; August 17, 1894; March 2, 1907; June 25, 1910; July 25, 1912; and June 5, 1920. The total cost of projects prior to the existing project was $1,250,575.87, of which $990,143.30 was for new work and $260,432.57 was for mainte- nance. The total expenditures under previous projects amounted to $1,249,107.75. For further details of previous projects see page 1778 of the Annual Report for 1915 and page 311 of the Annual Report for 1924. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 28 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide, from Allegheny Avenue, Phila- delphia, Pa., to the Delair Bridge of the Pennsylvania Railroad Co.; thence 20 feet deep 'at mean low water and generally 200 feet wide to Landing Street, Trenton, N. J., or to such point below as may be selected for the public terminals. Above Delair the project provides for widening the channel at curves to 250 feet and to 300 feet for a distance of 500 feet above and 500 feet below the railroad bridge at Biles Island, with a turning basin at the upper end 1,700 feet long and 400 feet wide; and for maintaining the channel dredged under the previous project to a depth of 12 feet at mean low water and a width of 200 feet from the upper end of the 20-foot channel to the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge at Ferry Street, Trenton. The total length of the improvement is about 30.5 miles, and the distance from the lower end to Liston Point, the accepted point of division between Delaware River and Delaware Bay, is about 55 miles. The mean range of tide at Philadelphia is 5.2 feet and at Trenton 4.6 feet. The spring range is from 0.3 to 0.5 foot greater. Freshets, which occur usually during February and March, attain 356 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 a height in the vicinity of Trenton of 9 to 15 feet above mean low water, with a velocity of about 6 miles per hour. Freshets may also occur at other seasons of the year, especially during the autumn months. Navigation is usually suspended during the winter months on account of the formation of ice in the river. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1930 is $1,431,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects, of which $15,000 is to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $60,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925 (H. Doc. No. 228, 68th Cong., 1st sess.), which pro- vided for a depth of 20 feet and modified by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 3, 71st Cong., 1st sess.), to provide for deepening the channel in Philadelphia Harbor to 28 feet. The latest published maps are in the Annual Report for 1914, page 1804, and the last-mentioned document. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation. The act of July 25, 1912, adopting the project for improvement of the section between Lalor Street and the Penn- sylvania Railroad at Trenton, imposed the condition that the city of Trenton should provide substantial terminal facilities commensurate with the probable needs of present and prospective commerce. To meet this condition steps were taken by the city of Trenton looking to the acquisition of all water-front property abutting on the pro- posed channel and plans were prepared for a comprehensive scheme of municipal terminals. These plans have been partly carried out. The conditions imposed having been met the Secretary of War gave his approval thereto on March 19, 1913, which then permitted work to be started on the 12-foot channel. The act of March 3, 1925, adopting the 20-foot project, imposes the condition that local interests shall give satisfactory assurance to the Secretary of War that they will provide public terminals at Trenton having not less than 3,000 linear feet of berthing space, with adequate covered storage and mechanical equipment, capable of handling about 500,000 tons annually; will provide satisfactory rail and highway connections therewith; and will furnish, without cost to the United States, suitable areas, bulkheaded if necessary, for the disposal of dredged materials. The city of Trenton has acquired about 70 per cent of the water front within the city limits, in addition to a large area south of the city line where it is proposed to construct the public terminals. The Secretary of War on August 16, 1929, and subsequently, ac- cepted certain letters and agreements, including an ordinance passed by the city of Trenton providing for construction of public terminals with highway connections, as fulfilling the conditions imposed by the act of March 3, 1925. The act of July 3, 1930, providing for a channel depth of 28 feet between Allegheny Avenue, Philadelphia, and the Delair Bridge of the Pennsylvania Railroad Co., imposes the further condition that local interests shall contribute $15,000 in cash toward that portion of the improvement.. The condition imposed by the act of July 3, 1930, has not yet been met. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 357 Terminal facilities.-The city of Trenton owns a concrete bulk- head at the foot of Ferry Street, at the head of the 12-foot channel, with a cargo shed and a dock 200 feet wide extending 250 feet inshore from the bulkhead line. The Pennsylvania Railroad has a track on the south side of the dock. The upper wharf is leased to a steamboat company operating freight barges between Philadel- phia and Trenton. The city also owns a wharf near the lower end of Trenton, not used at present, suitable for low-grade freight, and there is a public landing for yachts and for other traffic in emer- gencies at the foot of Lalor Street. The city of Trenton has adopted plans for a modern terminal below Lalor Street, at the head of the projected 20-foot channel, on which work has not yet commenced. There are 66 other wharves within the limits of the improvement, of which 1 is owned by the United States, 8 by the city of Phila- delphia, 8 by other municipalities, and 49 are privately owned. Eleven of the municipally owned wharves and 8 of the privately owned wharves are open to public use. The facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For detailed description of terminal facili- ties see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Work on the 20-foot channel has but recently commenced. The improvement secured under the 12-foot project, while it has not resulted in a reduction of freight rates, has enabled barges and small sea-going vessels to reach some of the large industrial plants located between Philadelphia and Trenton, and by permitting the use of larger tugs and barges it has reduced the cost of sand and gravel transported by commercial concerns, which forms the bulk of present traffic on the upper Delaware River. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Conditions of local cooperation imposed by the existing project having been met, work on the 20-foot channel was commenced April 14, 1930, under a con- tract for dredging between Philadelphia, Pa., and Roebling, N. J. Approximately 101,700 cubic yards were removed on Mud Island range by a pipe-line dredge and deposited in shoal water at Hawk Island, N. J., and in front of Delanco, N. J., at a cost of $20,147.82 for new work: Hard bottom was encountered, and the dredging resulted in deepening only a small portion of Mud Island range to 20 feet. Preliminary work was also done preparatory to placing another section of channel under contract for dredging between Roebling and Bordentown, N. J., at a cost of $478.72 for new work. Maintenance dredging in the 12-foot channel was continued by Government and leased plant. The U. S. pipe-line dredge Mantua, loaned by the Wilmington (Del.) district, completed dredging Sep- tember 30, 1929, having removed 105,116 cubic yards, place measure- ment, from Mud Island, Duck Island, and Perriwig ranges, resulting in the restoration of project depth, at a cost of $27,288.90 for main- tenance. A dipper dredge and attendant plant, operated under lease, re- moved 32,035 cubic yards, scow measurement, from Bridge, Federal, Trenton, Biles Island, upper Periwig, and Lehigh ranges at a cost of $26,954.10 for maintenance. This work was completed Septem- ber 24, 1929, and resulted in restoration of the 12-foot depth on the above ranges. 358 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The automatic tide gage at Trenton was relocated and continued in operation at a cost of $784.64. The cost of other miscellaneous work, including an examination of the channel, was $1,545.08 for maintenance. The total cost of work during the year was $77,199.26, of which $20,626.54 was for new work and $56,572.72 was for maintenance. Total expenditures during the year amounted to $80,420.08. Condition at end of fscxal year.-The existing project is about 1 per cent completed. Dredging to 20 feet was commenced in April, 1930, on Mud Island range, and at the end of the year a length of about 3,000 feet had been deepened to 20 feet over widths varying from 40 to 200 feet. The portion of the 12-foot channel between Lalor Street and the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge at Trenton, the maintenance of which is required under the existing project, was completed in 1921. The latest examination of the channel (June, 1930) shows controlling depths near the center line of 22.6 feet at mean low water between Allegheny Avenue, Philadelphia, and the Delair Bridge, and 10.3 feet from Delair to Lalor Street, Trenton, the projected terminus of the 20-foot channel. The least center line depth in the 12-foot channel from Lalor Street to the Ferry Street wharf at Trenton is about 12.4 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation for boat traffic is the upper end of the improvement at the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge at Trenton. The work remaining to be done to complete the project includes about 3,900,000 cubic yards of dredging and the removal of ledge rock estimated at about 8,000 cubic yards. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $20,626.54, all for new work. The total expenditures under the existing project were $17,753.07. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance of available funds, $483,874.93, approximately, as follows: New work: Dredging of 20-foot channel under contract in force, Philadelphia, Pa., to Roebling, N. J., 1,470,000 cubic yards at 15.4 cents per cubic yard __-------------------------------- $226, 400. 00 Additional dredging to 20 feet under contract to be entered into, Roebling, N. J., to Borden- town, N. J., 930,000 cubic yards at 24 cents per cubic yard ------------------------------ 223, 200. 00 Inspection and overhead--------------------- 28, 800. 00 Total for new work -------------------------------- $478, 400.00 Maintenance: Survey of 12-foot channel, Philadelphia, Pa., to Trenton, N. J---------------------------- -600. 00 Operation of Trenton tide gage, and m'scellane- ous overhead to June 30, 1931 --------------- 360. 20 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------ 4, 514. 73 Total for maintenance-------------------------------- 5,474.93 Total for new work and maintenance------------------ 483, 874. 93 The deepening of the channel to 20 feet, under the existing con- tract, and contract to be entered into, will probably be completed as far as Bordentown, N. J., by the end of next season. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 359 The sum of $173,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as follows: New work : Removal of 5,000 cubic yards of ledge rock below Bordentown, N. J., by contract, at $27 per cubic yard_ $135, 000 Inspection and overhead------------------------- 15,000 Total for new work__---------------------------- $150, 000 Maintenance: Maintenance dredg'ng with leased plant to 12 feet at mean low water, Bordentown, N. J., to Trenton, N. J., 1.5 months at $12,000------------------------------- 18,000 Inspection and overhead-------------------------- 2, 000 Operation of Trenton tide gage__-,_--___------------- 500 Channel examination and contingencies ____--------- 2, 500 Total for maintenance ---------------- ---------- 23, 000 ----- Total for new work and maintenance___ _ --------------- 173, 000 The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of additional new work under the project which provides for deepening the chan- nel in upper Philadelphia Harbor to 28 feet. Commercial statistics.-The season of navigation on this section of the river extended from about March 1 to December 31, 1929. The commerce hereon was exclusively domestic. One regular freight line--using the municipal pier at Trenton by arrangement with that city--maintains a daily schedule by barge and lighter between Philadelphia and Trenton and points intermediate thereto; during January and February, when ice con- ditions generally hamper navigation above Bristol, Pa., freight is ordinarily transported by motor truck. The section is also served by other river craft, and by sea-going barges and steamers. Loaded draft of barges ranged from 6 to 20 feet, and the ordinary loaded draft of steamers, the latter transporting coal to Bridesburg, was 24 feet. Commerce in 1929, totaled 5,344,073 short tons, valued at $18,826,- 618, a gain of approximately 5.54 per cent in both tonnage and value as compared with 1928. The gain is due principally to an increase of approximately 381 per cent in coastwise receipts, occa- sioned by the movement of 505,000 tons of coal to Bridesburg. Sand, gravel, and stone, the principal commodity transported on this section aggregated 3,976,000 short tons as compared with 4,212,000 short tons in 1928. The movement of other important commodities, such as petroleum products, pig iron, coal tar, and coke were noticeably larger than in 1928. Passenger traffic on this section is practically confined to the ferry lines, which in 1929 carried 313,814 passengers. One small excursion steamer carried 23,196 passengers on short pleasure trips out of Trenton during the summer months. 360 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Comparative statement of traffic Receipts and shipments Cargoes in transit Year Passen- gers Tons Value gers Tons Value 1923 __. -- ___-___ ._____ -__ _ 3, 104, 259 $17, 967, 766 364, 681 18, 449 $1,448,260 1924 ------------------------------- 3, 186, 590 14, 027, 229 179, 379 18, 897 1, 421, 176 1925_ _--------_ --- ___- ----- 4, 906, 068 16, 711, 741 59, 897 19, 533 806, 096 1926-----.---. .......-.---------- 5, 447, 278 16, 096, 389 53, 202 9, 915 341,051 ___ 1927 ......... -....... __. . - . 5, 733, 890 17, 530, 098 81, 560 1,046 261,410 1928 .......-----.................--....-------------------------.. 5, 063, 776 17, 837, 687 463,495 1,406 329, 532 ------------------------------- 1929 ...... ........ 5, 344,073 18, 826, 618 1 337, 010 653 133, 100 1 This figure includes 23,196 excursion-boat passengers and 313,814 ferryboat passengers. The number of passengers shown in the column above for calendar years prior to 1928 is exclusive of ferry passengers. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------- $1, 010, 769. 84 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------- -------- 260, 432. 57 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 1, 271, 202. 41 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------ 1. 00 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930-__ ---------------- 1, 271, 203.41 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930---------- ----- ---- 4, 342. 59 Net total expenditures -- ___- -- - ___ ___-1, 266, 860. 82 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930___ 483, 874, 93 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 1, -750, 735. 75 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnewwork ----------------------------------------------------------- $20,626.54 Cost of maintenance_ .------------------- $1, 762.37 $28, 508.83- $24, 898.33 $9,617.26 56,572.72 Total cost -- .- 1,762.37 28, 508.83 24,898.33 9,617.26 77, 199.26 ......--- Total expended__-- -- __ -__-- 1, 762.37 28,508.83 28, 710.65 3,161.40 80, 420.08 Allotted..---------------------------- ................. 26,500.00 0.00 0.00 65, 000. 00 500,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------ --- - $64, 295.01 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------- -- _____------$400, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929 ------------------- 100, 000. 00 500, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for_ ________ ___-__-- - -____ 564, 295.01 Gross amount expended _______________________ -- ______ 80,420. 08 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_---------------------483, 874.93 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930__-___--------4, 514. 73 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts-----------226, 558. 69 231, 073.42 Balance available June 30, 1930___-----------------------252, 801. 51 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 1.00 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930------------- 252, 802.51 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 361 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project' 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - $917, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work 1--------------------------------------------- 150, 000. 00 For maintenance 1 _____-_______ ____ 23, 000. 00 Total 1------------------------------------------------- 173, 000. 00 2. DELAWARE RIVER, PA., N. J., AND DEL., PHILADELPHIA, PA., TO THE SEA Location and description.-See page 354, also United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1218, 294, and 295. Original condition.-The river was obstructed by shoals and bars carrying a minimum usable depth of 17 feet in the upper part of Philadelphia Harbor, 17 feet over Mifflin Bar, 18 feet over Schooner Ledge, 18 feet over Cherry Island Flats, 24 feet over Pennsville Shoals, 20 feet at Bulkhead Bar, and 21 feet at Dan Baker Shoal, with a channel width varying from about 175 to 600 feet. The actual and natural head of navigation for steamers and other craft is at Trenton, N. J., about 30 miles above Philadelphia, and about 85 miles above the mouth of the river. The river is navigable, how- ever, for small boats and for rafting and logging for about 214 miles above Trenton. Previous projects.-Provision for improvement at isolated locali- ties was made by the river and harbor acts of July 4, 1836; March 3, 1873; March 3, 1875; June 18, 1878; March 3, 1879; July 5, 1884; and August 11, 1888. A comprehensive project for a 26-foot chan- nel from Philadelphia to the sea was adopted in 1885. A project for a 30-foot channel was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. The total cost of these projects, prior to the adoption of the existing project, which was begun in 1910, was $14,001,466.63, the cost of new work being $12,976,057.61, and the cost of maintenance $1,025,409.02. Total expenditures under previous projects were $14,- 001,466.63. For further details of previous projects see page 1779 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel from deep water in Delaware Bay, about 8 miles below Liston Point, to Allegheny Ave- nue, Philadelphia, a distance of about 63 miles, having a depth of 35 feet at mean low water and a width of 800 feet in the straight parts, 1,200 feet at Bulkhead Bar, 1,000 feet at the other bends, and 1.000 feet in Philadelphia Harbor. The project includes the con- struction of dikes for the regulation and control of the tidal flow, and dredging to provide for an anchorage 35 feet deep and about 6,400 feet long at Port Richmond; for straightening the channel and extending the 1,000-foot width from Philadelphia Harbor to Horse- shoe Bend; for an anchorage area 30 feet deep and about 3,500 feet long at Gloucester, N. J.; for an anchorage 35 feet deep and about 7,300 feet long in the vicinity of Mantua Creek; and for the mainte- nance of any areas dredged by local interests to a depth of 35 feet 1 Exclusive of available funds. 2 In addition $15,000 is to be contributed by local interests. , 362 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1930 between the channel and a line 100 feet channelward of the pier- head line between Point House Wharf and the Philadelphia Navy Yard, when in the opinion of the Chief of Engineers such areas are so located as to be of benefit to general navigation. The mean range of tide at various points on the river and bay is as follows: Philadelphia, Pa., 5.2 feet; Chester, Pa., 5.5 feet ; New Castle, Del., 5.5 feet; Liston Point, Del., 5.9 feet; and Lewes, Del., 4.3 feet. Under the influence of heavy and long-continued winds the range of tide may vary from about 4 feet below to about 10 feet above mean low water. Observations by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey extending over a number of years at Phila- delphia, Pa., indicate that the mean tidal range has decreased about 0.7 foot and the elevation of mean low water has increased about 0.8 foot at that locality, as compared with the range and elevation observed there in 1878 and earlier. The change is probably due to the construction of regulating works in the river. A similar change has been observed by the Engineer Department at other points on the river above Liston Point. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1930 is $19,215,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1930) estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,890,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 733, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). It was modi- fied by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 304, 71st Cong., 2d sess.), to provide for anchorages as above indicated, and for extending the 1,000-foot channel width in Philadelphia Harbor to Horseshoe Bend. The latest published maps are in the Annual Report for 1913, page 1,746, and in House Document No. 304, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.--None required by law. In connection with previous projects for 26-foot and 30-foot channels, approximately 8,115,000 cubic yards of dredged material and 27,000 cubic yards of ledge rock were removed from the channel at a total cost of about $1,552,000, with funds appropriated by the State of Pennsylvania and the city of Philadelphia. Terminal facilities.-There are 366 wharves within the limits of the improvement, including those under construction. One hundred and sixty-nine of these are within the limits of the city of Philadel- phia, Pa.; 86 are along the water fronts of Camden and Gloucester, N. J., opposite Philadelphia; 33 are at Chester, Pa., and 78 at other points below Philadelphia. The United States owns 46 wharves, 4 of which are open to public use. The State of Pennsylvania owns 1 wharf, used by the Federal quarantine service, and not open to public use. Twenty-eight wharves are owned by municipalities. Of these, 7 are open to public use, free of charge, and 14 on payment of charges. There are 291 privately owned wharves, of which 42 are open to public use on payment of charges, and 24 are open, free of charge, but subject to certain conditions. The city of Philadelphia owns 19 piers along its Delaware River frontage, exclusive of those above Allegheny Avenue. These include 12 modern steel and concrete piers, 550 to 900 feet long, equipped with freight-handling facilities. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 363 Two of the Government-owned piers, 1,324 and 1,490 feet in length, were built by the Quartermaster Department during the World War. for handling overseas shipments. They are now leased to a terminal company which operates them for the receipt and shipment of miscellaneous cargoes. The Navy Department has 13 piers at the Philadelphia Navy Yard and a number of bulkheads used for wharfage purposes. The city of Camden owns three piers, two of which are open to the public, and one of these has been reconstructed as a modern terminal. On another municipally owned water front the South Jersey Port Commission has an agreement with the city to construct and operate a large terminal, comprising a bulkhead, 1,050 feet long with cargo sheds and rail and highway connections. Other municipally owned piers are: 1 at Gloucester, N. J.; 3 at Chester, Pa.; 1 at New Castle, Del.; and 1 at Delaware City, Del, All are open to public use. The terminal facilities are adequate for existing commerce and, with the additional facilities under construction or contemplated, will provide for a great increase in the amount of commerce which can be handled on this improvement. (For a detailed description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 4, Corps of Engineers.) Existing anchorages at the port of Philadelphia, under local juris- diction, with the acreage and depth in each area, are as follows: 1. Opposite Port Richmond (Pa.) coal piers in the upper part of Philadelphia Harbor, to the eastward of the main ship channel; 200 acres, depth 12 to 28 feet. 2. Opposite Greenwich Point, in the lower part of Philadelphia Harbor, to the eastward of the main ship channel; 232 acres, depth 15 to 40 feet. 3. Opposite Philadelphia Navy Yard to the westward of the main ship channel; 77 acres, depth 22 to 34 feet. 4. Opposite Fort Mifflin, Pa., to the westward of the main ship channel; 63 acres, depth 18 to 30 feet. 5. Opposite Marcus Hook, Pa., to the eastward of the main ship channel; 225 acres, depth 20 to 30 feet. These anchorages do not meet the requirements of navigation. The existing project provides for dredging additional anchorages, having depths of 30 and 35 feet, between Allegheny Avenue and Mantua Creek, N. J. Effect of improveent.-The improvement has greatly facilitated the movements of deep-draft vessels and has resulted in a marked increase in the size and draft of vessels utilizing the port of Philadelphia. Operations and results during fiscal year.-New work on the 35-foot channel was in progress under 5 contracts-3 for dredging, of which 2 were in Philadelphia Harbor and 1 on lower Marcus Hook and Bellevue ranges, and 2 for dredging and rock removal, I in the vicinity of Chester and Eddystone, Pa., the other at Mame- luke Rock and vicinity in Philadelphia Harbor. New work.-Original dredging to 30 feet with 5 feet allowable overdepth, in the upper thousand feet of the channel at Port Rich- mond, Philadelphia Harbor, was commenced October 30, 1929, and was completed April 11, 1930. The total quantity removed under the contract was 368,861 cubic yards, scow measurement, of which 364 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 143,558 yards were deposited in the foundation of the proposed Pea Patch Island dike, 47,424 yards were deposited at Edgemoor dike extension, and 177,879 yards, unsuitable for banking, were deposited at Pedricktown, N. J., and Deep Water Point, N. J. The cost of this item was $185,135.86. The work was of benefit to vessels using the upper wharves of the Port Richmond terminal. Original dredging to 36 feet in the section of channel 3,000 feet in length just above Mameluke Rock, between Somerset and Norris Streets, Philadelphia, was commenced on June 5, 1930. Approxi- mately 35,000 yards, place measurement, were removed during the year by a pipe-line dredge pumping directly ashore at Petty Island. The cost of this item was $15,954.72. The contract for dredging on Marcus Hook and Bellevue ranges was completed March 1, 1930, 13,331 cubic yards of hard material being removed and deposited in the extension of Edgemoor dike, making the total amount removed in original dredging under the contract 120,571 cubic yards, all deposited at Edgemoor dike. The work resulted in deepening the west half of lower Marcus Hook range to 36 feet, except certain areas overlain with large bowlders, and a strip of ledge rock along the western edge, which was subse- quently avoided by shifting the channel slightly to the eastward at this point. The cost of this item was $8,640.98. In connection with the cleaning up of the above contract area, a number of bowlders projecting above grade and uncovered by the dredging, totaling approximately 503 tons, were removed by the U. S. derrick boats Rattler and No. 32 and by a large derrick boat leased by the United States and equipped with a grapple of special design. The cost of this item was $18,500.30. Sweeping outside of contract areas by drift sweeping and by der- rick boat No. 32 with divers was continued between Eddystone, Pa., and Edgemoor, Del. A small area of ledge rock near the center line of Chester range, outside of contract areas, was cleared to grade, about 220 tons of blasted rock and bowlders being removed with Government and leased plant. Sweeping of additional areas on Chester range was in progress at the end of the year with a view to final clearing of this range during the present season. The cost of these items was $32,809.40. The contract for dredging and rock removal on Eddystone, Ches- ter, and Marcus Hook ranges was completed February 11, 1930. About 53 cubic yards, place measurement, of ledge rock above the 36-foot depth were drilled and blasted, and 7,502.18 cubic yards pre- viously drilled and blasted were removed. Ledge rock between the planes of 36 and 38 feet, to the amount of 18,082.70 cubic yards, place measurement, was drilled, blasted, and removed. The total quantity of material removed during the year included 170.30 cubic yards of bowlders and 399,970.46 cubic yards of broken rock and other material, all deposited in or along the Edgemoor Dike extension. The cost of this item was $608,616.82. The total quantities removed under this contract were: 7,502.18 cubic yards, place measurement, of ledge rock above plane of 36 feet; 18,082.70 cubic yards, place measurement, of ledge rock between planes of 36 and 38 feet; 170.30 cubic yards of bowlders, and 542,452.49 cubic yards, place measure- ment, of material other than ledge rock or bowlders. The comle- RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 365 tion of this contract resulted in the final clearing to grade of the entire length of Eddystone range, the upper 3,000 feet and the lower 1,300 feet of Chester range, and the upper 4,000 feet of Marcus Hook range. Work was continued under contract for dredging and rock removal at Mameluke Rock. .Quantities of 2,762.15 cubic yards, place meas- urement, of ledge rock above the 36-foot depth and 3,201.43 cubic yards, place measurement, of ledge rock between the planes of 36 and 38 feet were drilled, blasted, and dredged. In addition, 4,281.91 cubic yards, place measurement, of ledge rock above 36 feet were drilled and blasted but not dredged. The total quantity removed during the year was 121,386 cubic yards, place measurement, of blasted rock and other material, of which 110,704 yards were de- posited at Howell Cove Dike and 10,682 yards at Edgemoor Dike. The cost of this item was $184,087.51. The work done resulted in clearing to grade the upper 500 feet of the contract area east of the center line, the partial completion of another 500-foot section on the east side adjoining the finished section, the practical clearing of the remaining rock areas east of the center line of rock drilled and blasted under a former contract, the completion of about 400 feet of Howell Cove Dike to a height of 12 feet above mean low water, and the partial completion of an additional 7,000 feet of this dike. Dike work under the existing project was continued by the com- pletion under contract of the outer 2,722 feet of the spur dike at Hope Creek, N. J., making the total length of the dike 3,422 feet. The cost of this item was $135,375.73. Under the initial contract. completed December 3, 1929, this dike was built to 2 feet above mean low water as a 2-row pile structure, filled with stone. In the spring of 1930 an experimental 500-foot length of stone and concrete super- structure at the outer end of the dike was completed by the derrick boat Rattler at a cost of $10,535.31. It is proposed to complete the remainder of the superstructure by contract next season. The work of extending Edgemoor Dike about 6,000 feet down- stream toward Christiana River to an elevation of about 6 feet above low water was continued, using material removed from contract dredging in the Delaware River channel and banking with grapple dredges leased to the United States. About 147,000 cubic yards of material were rehandled into the dike, at a cost of $57,418.88. Preliminary work was done in connection with riprapping the river side of the Edgemoor Dike extension and raising it with stone to 8 feet above low water, under contract. The cost of this item was $107.59. The operation of recording tide gages at various points on the river below Philadelphia was continued at a cost of $1,733.33, for new work. Maintenance.-Maintenance dredging was in progress during the year under six contracts, three in Philadelphia Harbor, one on East Horseshoe range and Bend, one on West Horseshoe and Mifflin ranges, and one on lower Marcus Hook and Bellevue ranges. The contract for maintenance dredging to 30 feet opposite Port Richmond, Philadelphia Harbor, was completed July 25, 1929, ap- proximately 43,000 cubic yards being removed, making the total 366 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 amount removed under this contract 326,964 cubic yards. The cost of this item was $17,545.58. The contract for maintenance dredging in lower Philadelphia Harbor, between McKean Street and Point House Wharf was com- pleted May 19, 1930, approximately 245,152 cubic yards being re- moved, making the total amount removed under this contract 735,652 cubic yards. The cost of this item was $99,326.87. The removal by contract of a small gravel shoal at the upper end of East Horseshoe range, opposite Greenwich Point, Philadelphia, was completed April 19, 1930. Approximately 5,834 cubic yards, scow measurement, were removed at a cost of $3,595.41. Maintenance dredging was continued under contract on East Horseshoe range and Horseshoe Bend. About 381,000 cubic yards, scow measurement, were removed, at a cost of $160,755.06. This work resulted in restoring project depth for about 4,000 feet in the west half of the channel. Maintenance dredging on West Horseshoe and Mifflin ranges was commenced under contract April 17, 1930. About 50,000 cubic yards, scow measurement, were removed and deposited for rehan- dling by the United States at Pedricktown, N. J., resulting in the restoration of project depth in the upper 1,000 feet of the contract area opposite the Philadelphia Navy Yard. The cost of this item was $25,103.43. Under the contract completed March 1, 1930, for dredging on lower Marcus Hook and upper Bellevue ranges, approximately 86,288 cubic yards, scow measurement, of soft material were removed and deposited ashore at Raccoon Island, making the total quantity re- moved in maintenance under the contract 377,848 cubic yards. The work resulted in cleaning up shoals over the east half and part of the west half of the channel at that locality to 36 feet. The cost of this item was $38,917.26. Maintenance dredging was in progress throughout the year, except during the winter lay-up, with the seagoing dredges Delaware, New Orleans, Rossell, and attendant plant. The Rossell was also operated from time to time during the year on maintenance dredging in Christiana River for the Wilmington (Del.) district. The dredge Manhattan was engaged on maintenance dredging until November 22, 1929, when the dredge was sunk by collision with a tanker on Bellevue range. The total quantity of material removed from Dela- ware River in maintenance work during the year by these dredges was 13,201,119 cubic yards, bin measurement, of which 5,041,037 yards were delivered in the rehandling basins at Artificial Island, 6,046,709 yards in the rehandling basins at Pedricktown and Old- mans Point, 952,215 yards in the Edgemoor basin, and 1,154,643 yards in the Killcohook basin, and 4,738 yards were deposited with- out rehandling near the New Jersey shore below Pennsville. In addition, the pipe line dredge Huston removed 1,777 cubic yards from Tinicum range, pumping the material into shoal water along the New Jersey shore. The total cost of maintenance dredging with Government plant, including cost of rehandling operations by the Cataract,Gillepie and HWuston, and the cost of other attendant plant, was $1,192,457.54. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 367 Relocation of the channel 200 feet to the eastward at the inter- section of Bellevue and Cherry Island ranges, with a view to reduc- tion of inaintenance, was completed by the dredge Rossell in July, 1929. About 443,342 cubic yards were removed and deposited at Pedricktown, at a cost of $21,450.13. Work was commenced under contract for constructing a training dike, 7,000 feet in length, to extend upstream from the north end of Pea Patch Island, with a view to reducing maintenance on Deep Water Point range. The plans include a steel sheet pile section 1,000 feet long, adjacent to the island, the remainder of the dike to be of 2-row pile and stone fill construction. At the end of the year about 350 feet of the 2-row structure was partly completed. The cost of this item was $18,932.75. The foundation of the dike was constructed by dumping material excavated under dredging con- tracts. The cost of this item was $15,958.76. Preliminary work was done in connection with the construction by contract of a second section of Pea Patch Dike, 5,900 feet in length, at a cost of $157.30. A contract was entered into for constructing a rip-rap stone mound on the low-water section of Reedy Island Dike, at its inter- section with Liston range, with a view to marking the dike by a light. Work had not yet commenced at the end of the year. The cost of this item was $194.37. The contract for the removal of Mameluke Rock provides for de- positing the material to form a dike at Howell Cove, N. J. Surveys of the dike and miscellaneous expenses in connection therewith amounted to $4,102.79, for maintenance. Other maintenance costs during the year were: Continuation of studies of the Delaware River regimen, including further investi- gation of the river currents and discharge at various points, $10,019.78; and investigating obstructions, $1,051.30. Items of floating plant acquired during the year included the following: Launch Rossell, launch Delanco, derrick boat No. 35, tug Beverly, and tug Dover. The total cost of all new work during the year was $1,258,916.43.. The total cost of all maintenance work was $1,609,568.33. The com- bined cost of new work and maintenance was $2,868,484.76. Total expenditures during the year amounted to $3,319,220.61. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Based on a comparison of the cost of new work, under the existing project with its total estimated cost, including cost of anchorages, the project is about 68 per cent com- pleted. Of the 63 miles of channel covered by the improvement there has been completed to project - dimensions a length of approxi- mately 61.5 miles (including sections where a natural depth of 35 feet or more exists) extending from Mameluke Rock in Philadelphia Harbor to deep water at the lower end of Liston range, except for a few hard shoals, including bowlders and probably some points of rock, between Eddystone and Edgemoor, the removal of which is in progress, and the widening of the channel to 1,000 feet from Green- wich Point to Horseshoe Bend, which has not yet been commenced. The upper 1,000 feet of the channel has been dredged to a depth of 30 feet, and below this, opposite Port Richmond, a 2,000-foot 11714---ENG 1930- 24 368 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 section has been completed to 35 feet. The completion of the re- moval of Mameluke Rock to 36 feet is in progress under contract, and the section of channel above Mameluke Rocl', from 3,000 to 6,000 feet below Allegheny Avenue, is also under contract for dredging to 36 feet. Portions of the channel are subject to constant shoaling, but according to the latest examination (July, 1930) a usable channel with a controlling depth of approximately 35 feet at mean low water extends from Philadelphia to the sea. The dikes at Chester Island, Old Man Point, Alloway Creek, and Stony Point, with a total length of 11,760 feet, have been completed. The old low-water dike below Reedy Island has been raised to 2 feet above high water and extended 5,850 feet downstream, and the extension of the Mifflin Bar Dike 5,339 feet downstream has been completed. At Edgemoor Dike the old timber bulkhead has been reinforced by the deposit of heavy material and blasted rock from channel dredging, and the dike has been extended 6,000 feet downstream to Christiana River by con- structing an embankment of similar material to a height of about 6 feet above mean low water. The Hope Creek Dike, 3,422 feet long, has been completed to 2 feet above mean low water, and the outer 500 feet of it has been raised to about high-water level. The total estimated quantity of material other than ledge rock removed by contract in original channel dredging was approximately 51,008,605 cubic yards, exclusive of excessive overdepth dredging. The total quantity removed by Government plant was approximately 2,829,986 cubic yards, making a total of 53,838,591 cubic yards removed under the project. The total quantity of ledge rock and bowlders removed under the project was 56,350 cubic yards, by con- tract. In addition, approximately 4,282 cubic yards of ledge rock had been drilled and blasted, but not yet dredged. There still remains to be done to complete all new work contem- plated by the project approximately 3,796,700 cubic yards of channel dredging and approximately 55,000 cubic yards of rock excavation (including rock already drilled and blasted); the topping of 6,000 feet of Edgemoor dike with stone and the completion of about 2,900 feet of the superstructure of Hope Creek Dike; and the completion of additional anchorages at Port Richmond, Gloucester, and Mantua Creek, involving about 6,050,000 cubic yards of dredging and prob- ably the removal of ledge rock, estimated at 20,000 cubic yards. For the existing depths within the proposed anchorages and within the proposed new channel lines below Greenwich Point, see maps in House Document No. 304, Seventy-first Congress, second session. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $29,326,463.03, of which $13,110,132.16 was for new work and $16,216,330.87 was for maintenance. The total expenditures under the existing project were $34,288,749.17. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1930, amounting to $5,643,545.69, approximately, as follows : New work : Dredging and rock removal at Mameluke Rock, Philadelphia Harbor, under existing contract- -_ $1, 100, 000. 00 Dredging to 36 feet between Mameluke Rock and Somerset Street, Philadelphia, under contract in force ....- ______________ 465, 000. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 369 New work-Continued. Original dredging to 35 feet, Allegheny Ave- nue to Clearfield Street________----------- $65, 000. 00 Removal of ledge rock from west side of Chester range, by contract, after removal of overburden by Government plant ---------- 70, 000. 00 Reserved for operation of dredge Hell Gate, if required to complete removal of hard material other than rock on Chester and Marcus Hook ranges--------------------- 70, 000.00 Clearing channel on Chester and Marcus Hook ranges, with leased plant, of bowlders uncovered by Government dredging_--------_ 10, 000. 00 Completing Edgemoor Dike (Delaware River arm) : Raising and riprapping 6,000 feet of dike by contract-- ------------------------ 120, 000. 00 Topping 3,000 feet of Hope Creek Dike by contract ----------------------------- ---- 45, 000. 00 Engineering and overhead------------------- 45, 000. 00 Total for new work ------------------------- $1, 990, 000. 00 Maintenance: Operation and care of U. S. dredges Delaware, New Orleans, Rossell, and Mankattan (seven months); pipe-line dredges Cataract (or Alabama), Gillespie and booster, Huston, and attendant plant______________---_ 1, 200, 000. 00 Repairs to above plant (1930-31) ------------ 300, 000. 00 Maintenance dredging on East Horseshoe range and Bend, under contract in force___ 182, 000. 00 Maintenance dredging on West Horseshoe and Mifflin ranges, under contract in force----- 245, 000. 00 Maintenance dredging to 35 feet at Port Richmond, Clearfield Street to Somerset Street, under contract to be entered into_ 225, 000. 00 Construction of 7,000 feet of training dike at Pea Patch Island, under existing contract_ 210, 000.00 Continuation of construction of Pea Patch Island dike, under contract to be entered ------------------------------------- into______ 240, 000.00 Banking shore arm of Edgemoor Basin and constructing trench for Shellpot Creek drainage, with leased grapple dredge 25, 000.00 Completion of artesian well at Artificial Is- land, under contract in force_----------- 7, 000. 00 Construction of stone mound on Liston range at intersection with Reedy Island dike, by contract_____---------------------- 16, 000.00 Completion of survey boat Liston, under ex- isting contract_------------------------- 28, 000. 00 Completion of 50-foot motor tug Dover, under existing contract__________________ 3, 000.00 Construction of two 28-foot launches, by contract--------------------------------- 4, 390. 00 Reconditioning of dredge Manhattan, under contract_-- _ _______-----____ 250, 000. 00 Acquisition of land east of Artificial Island for disposal ground__ -_____--------- __ 162, 200. 00 Purchase of 20-inch pipe line dredge Alabama to replace Cataract, including transfer and overhaul of new dredge __ __----------- 250, 000. 00 Engineering, surveys and inspection, over- head and contingencies------ --------------- 69, 015. 63 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 -------- 236, 940. 06 Total for maintenance---------------------------- 3, 653, 545. 69 Total for new work and maintenance-----___-__ 5, 643, 545.69 370 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The contract for removal of Mameluke rock provides for comple- tion by October, 1930. Material from this contract is deposited at Howell Cove, N. J., to form a dike opposite Horseshoe Bend. The completion of this contract, together with the completion of dredg- ing between Mameluke rock and Somerset Street, and the deepening to 35 feet of the upper thousand feet of the channel, will complete all channel excavation under the project (unless additional ledge rock is uncovered by the dredging) except the widening to 1,000 feet between Greenwich Point and Horseshoe Bend. The work of clearing Chester and Marcus Hook ranges of bowlders that may be uncovered by dredging in areas not yet cleared to 36 feet and the removal of small outcrops of rock from Chester range are expected to be completed by the end of the year. Should it be found imprac- ticable to complete the clearing of these ranges with the available plant, it is proposed to transfer the dredge Hell Gate for the purpose from the first district, New York, to the Delaware River for about four months. The completion of the river arm of Edgemoor dike and of the extension of Shellpot Creek drainage to the dike by trenching and banking, about the end of the year, will make avail- able as a disposal ground a part of the inclosed area. The com- pletion by contract of the remainder of the superstructure of Hope Creek Dike will complete all dike construction included in the project as originally adopted. Maintenance dredging with Government plant is in progress and will be continued except during the winter lay-up, whei annual re- pairs will be made. The dredge Rossell will continue maintenance dredging in Christiana River for the Wilmington (Del.) district for about four months and will be assigned Ito Delaware River mainte- nance during the remainder of the year. The dredge Manhattan, which has been raised, will be reconditioned and placed in service again about November, 1930. Maintenance dredging at Horseshoe Bend, to be completed about October, 1930, will restore project channel dimensions between Gloucester and the Philadelphia Navy Yard. Maintenance dredg- ing on West Horseshoe and Miuffin Ranges, to be carried to a depth of 37 feet, will complete the restoration of project depths as far as Fort Miffin, and is expected to provide suitable material for training works at Claymont, Del. The maintenance dredging at Port Rich- mond, to be done in connection with the completion of the upper thousand feet of channel to project depth, will afford unrestricted access to the terminals at Port Richmond and Petty Island. The construction of training works for improving channel main- tenance will be continued by building a pile and riprap dike north- ward from the upper end of Pea Patch Island. The lower section of this dike will probably be completed under an existing contract about April, 1931. An additional section 6,000 feet long will be placed under contract about August, 1930, and will be completed next season. The completion by contract of an artesian well, convenient to the new rehandling basins at the south end of Artificial Island, will re- duce the cost of water for the rehandling dredge stationed there, RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 371 which must now be brought from the north end of the island, 4 miles distant. The Diesel electric survey boat Liston, to be completed about Sep- tember, 1930, will replace the tug Philadelphia. The motor tug Dover, recently completed under contract, will be used in towing and as a tender for derrick boat No. 32 when sweeping. The recon- struction of the dredge Manhattan, recently raised after being sunk in the Delaware River by collision, will be commenced about August 1 and completed about November 1, 1930. The work will include the installation of four new boilers. The pipe-line dredge Alabama, to be purchased from the Alabama State Docks Commission, is expected to arrive at Philadelphia from Mobile, Ala., in August, and after overhaul will be put in commission to replace the dredge Cataract. The sum of $2,550,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as follows: Maintenance: Operation and care of U. S. seagoing dredges Delaware, Man- hattan, New Orleans, Rossell; rehandling pipe-line dredges Alabama, Gillespie, and Huston, and attendant plant------- $1, 200, 000 Annual repairs to above plant ___-___-_______-_- 300, 000 Continuing construction of training works by contract-------- 500, 000 Completion of shore arm of Edgemoor dike, on north s'de of Christiana River-- ____-____ ...... 150, 000 .___ Maintenance dredging, by contract-_______- ______-__, 250, 000 Engineering, superintendence and inspection, overhead and con- tingencies _ _ 150, 000 Total for maintenance___ ______------ -- 2, 550, 000 The amount required for maintenance for the fiscal year 1932 ex- ceeds the average amount expended for annual maintenance during the last five years because of the necessity for additional training works to reduce maintenance, and for continued extensive dredging until these works have been completed and become effective. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-This section of the river is open to navi- gation throughout the year. Evidencing increased shipping activ- ities at this port, the foreign and coastwise vessel movement sur- passed the record number of the previous year, aggregating 13,918 vessels inbound and outbound. The loaded draft of ocean-going vessels ranged from 12 to 31 feet. In the internal and local trade the usual loaded draft of vessels ranged from 6 to 12 feet. The draft of vessels navigating this sec- tion is limited only by the depth of the existing channel, and indi- cations are that the nearly completed 35-foot channel will be made use of by deep-draft vessels in increasing numbers. Receipts and shipments of freight on the Delaware River during 1929 totaled 21,674,752 short tons, valued at $1,160,597,336. While less than the quantity reported for the previous year, comparison is not altogether possible because certain duplications in the statistics of former years have been eliminated. The Delaware River as the main waterway to the sea carries practically all of the commerce of its chief tributary, the Schuylkill 379 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 River. Combining the commerce of the two rivers, and adjusting the total to allow for overlapping tonnage, the net total commerce of the port of Philadelphia for 1929 reached a new high mark of 30,252,422 short tons, valued at $1,271,569,851, a gain of approxi- mately 6.66 per cent in volume and 4.12 per cent in value over 1928. The gain is duie largely to the growth in foreign and coastwise receipts of crude petroleum, the combined movement of which was 8,437,000 tons in 1929 as compared with 7,460,000 tons in 1928. Substantial gains were also made in the coastwise movement of all commodity groups. The principal commodities carried were as follows: Imports: Hides and skins, bones, raw sugar, molasses, bananas, flaxseed, licorice root, wool, jute manufactures, paper base stocks, cork, crude petroleum, clays and other nonmetallic minerals, metals and manufactures, and fertilizers. Exports: Oil cake, wheat and other grains, coal, petroleum prod- ucts, iron and steel, automobile parts, benzol, and fertilizers. Coastwise receipts: Canned goods, fruits and vegetables, rosin, textiles, lumber, crude petroleum and products, phosphate rock, and general merchandise. Coastwise shipments: Canned goods, sugar, textiles, paper and manufactures, coal, petroleum products, iron and steel, machinery and vehicles, paints, soaps, and general merchandise. Other domestic: Wheat and other grains, cork, coal, petroleum products, sand, gravel and stone, pig iron, acids, miscellaneous chemicals, and general merchandise. During the year marine terminal construction was actively con- tinued, and freight service substantially increased by the steamship lines. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Rcolleted 1923....................................------------------------------------. 22, 345, 082 $992,005,671 2,277,817 $51,387,198 1924 ......------------------------------------ 20,192, 794 940,122, 967 1,662, 599 49, 888,119 1925...............................------------------------------------19, 839, 498 1, 068,152,068 1, 844, 967 50, 726, 995 1926............................------------------------------------. 22, 243, 586 1,091, 638, 499 1,237, 447 50, 724, 976 1927. ------------------------------------ 20, 825, 239 1, 054, 243,346 1,281,908 48, 598, 601 1928...------------------------------------22,907, 549 1, 176, 069, 734 1,679, 151 46, 984, 969 1929---......-- --------------------------- 21, 674, 752 1, 160, 597, 336 12,092,240 49, 656, 297 1 In addition, 26,645,365 passengers were carried by ferryboats. Exclusive of the following traffic: Car-ferry and other across- Cargoes in transit river traffic Year Tons Value Tons Value 1923------------------------------------------.............................................. 3, 718, 800 $715, 530, 401 4,090, 872 $101,173, 747 1924 ------------------------------------------... 3, 989, 107 539, 123, 176 4, 960, 650 112, 945, 731 1925..... ------------------------------------------ 3,177,653 407, 501,842 5,479, 662 127,871,100 1926.... ------------------------------------------ 2, 591, 017 377, 689, 925 6, 825, 727 148, 239, 290 1927 ------------------------------------ 2, 224,172 314,382,161 7,464, 743 167,177, 965 1928- - . -..... - - 2, A-- 072, 585 294, 865, 758 7, 374, 944 195, 632, 424 1929 ....................... 2, 341, 789 326, 068, 812 11,630, 368 261, 725,181 RIVERS AND HARBORS---PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 373 Cost and financial summary $26,086,189. 77 Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------________________ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_----------------------- 17, 241, 739. 89 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930____------ 43, 327, 929. 66 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930--------- 5, 143, 515. 00 Net total cost to June 30, 1930__ __________---------- 48, 471, 444. 66 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930_---------------- 10, 207. 21 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930_ -_______-------- 48, 481, 651. 87 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 __________---- _191, 436. 07 Net total expenditures____________--------------- 48, 290, 215. 80 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 --------------------- 5, 643, 545. 69 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_---------- 53, 933, 761.49 i t Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 -- I I Cost of new work_____________ $485, 266. 60 $288, 338. 07 $92, 862. 88 $527, 858. 79 $1, 258, 916.43 Cost of maintenance_______...... 2, 230, 421. 80 1, 455, 844. 26 1,648,461.61 1,807, 922.87 1,609, 568.33 Total cost_____ __ 2, 715, 688.40 1, 744, 182. 33 1, 741, 324. 49 2, 335, 781. 66 2, 868, 484.'76 Total expended___________ 2, 715, 688. 40 1, 744, 182. 33 840, 569. 62 3, 734, 592.23 3, 319, 220. 61 Allotted---- --------------- 2,433, 000.00 2, 017, 653.30 1, 476, 255. 78 4, 158, 831. 17 3, 827,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $5, 135, 766. 30 Amount allotted from War Department appropri- ation act approved May 28, 1930 $3, 380, 000.00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930------------------------------------- 450,000.00 3, 830, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------------------8, 965, 766. 30 Deductions on account of transfer of funds------------------- 3. 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for , 962, 766. 30 8----------------------------- Gross amount expended------------------------ 3, 3 5, 277.93 Less receipts from sales_----------------------- 6, 057.32 3, 319, 220. 61 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------------- 5, 643, 545. 69 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------ 236, 940.06 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts---- 2, 018, 406.86 2, 255, 346. 92 Balance available June 30, 1930___----------------------------- 3, 388, 198. 77 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930_-----------------------------_ 10, 207. 21 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930------------------3, 398, 405. 98 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1--------- ------ 4, 115, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 for maintenance 1-____ --- 2, 550, 000. 00 3. DELAWARE RIVER AT CAMDEN, N. J. Location and description.-Camden, N. J., is located on the east bank of the Delaware River, directly opposite the city of Philadel- phia, Pa. It is about 55 miles above the mouth of the river and 1 Exclusive of available funds. 374 REPORT-OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 about 101 miles above the harbor of refuge at the mouth of Delaware Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 295.) Orig nal condition.-Due to its position on the inside of a bend in the river, the water in front of the upper portion of Camden, in the vicinity of Cooper Point, was shoal for a considerable distance from the shore, with depths as low as 61/2 feet on the present estab- lished pierhead line. Along the lower portion, just above Newton Creek, where the river bends in the opposite direction, natural depths of 35 feet or more existed close to the pierhead line. Previous projects.-The project adopted June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 733, 61st Cong., 2d sess.), for a 35-foot channel between Phila- delphia and the sea, provided for improvement along the Camden water front to the extent of dredging to a depth of 15 feet where such depth does not already exist, with a uniform slope to the eastern edge of the 35-foot channel. No work was done on this portion of the project. Existing project.-This provides for dredging in front of Camden to a depth of 18 feet at mean low water from that depth north of Cooper Point to Berkley Street, and 30 feet from the latter pointto Newton Creek, these depths to extend from the 35-foot channel in the Delaware River to a line parallel with and 50 feet distant from the established pierhead line. The distance from Cooper Point to Berkley Street is about 1.5 miles, and from Berkley Street to Newton Creek is about 2.3 miles. The mean range of tide is 5.2 feet, and the extreme range under the influence of prolonged heavy winds is from about 4 feet below to about 10 feet above mean low water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $480,300. The latest (1930) estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $25,000. The existing project as adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 1120, 63d Cong., 2d sess.), provided for the 18-foot channel and for a depth of 30 feet from Newton Creek to Kaighn Point. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 111, 70th Cong., 1st sess.), modifies the project to provide for extending the 30-foot depth upstream to Berkley Street. The latest published maps are in the project documents. Recomnmended modiftboations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, required local interests to contribute $15,000 toward the improve- ment. On May 16, 1921, this sum was received from the city of Camden, N. J., and deposited in the United States Treasury. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, providing for extension of the 30-foot channel from Kaighn Point Ferry to Berkley Street, imposes the condition that no work shall be undertaken until assur- ances have been received satisfactory to the Secretary of War that terminals open to all vessels at reasonable rates and adequate for deep-draft vessels will be provided under plans to be approved by the Chief of Engineers. The city of Camden, in conjunction with the South Jersey port commission of New Jersey, has under construction a concrete bulk- head for berthing deep-draft vessels extending from Clinton Street, just below Berkley Street, suthward about 1,050 feet, and has dredged to 30 feet the area between this wharf and the pierhead line. RITERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 375 The plans include storage and transit sheds, modern cargo handling equipment, and rail connections. Terminal facilities.-There are 52 wharves within the limits of this improvement. Two are owned by the city of Camden, both open to the public. One of these has been reconstructed on modern lines as part of the city's plans for a terminal, including wharves, warehouses, rail and highway connections, and further development of the water front, between Clinton Street and Spruce Street, is in progress under a recent agreement between the city and the South Jersey port commission of New Jersey. The remaining 50 wharves are privately owned; one of these is open to public use. The wharves on this portion of the Camden water front are included in those described under the project for improving Delaware River from Philadelphia to the sea. (For a detailed description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 4, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The completion of the lower section to a depth of 30 feet at mean low water and the completion of the upper section to a depth of 18 feet at mean low water have materially facilitated the movements of vessels in these portions of the river. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. No funds were expended during the year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Based on the cost of new work under the existing project as compared with its total estimated cost, the project is about 37 per cent completed. Dredging to 18 feet at mean low water from Cooper Point to Kaighn Point, and to 30 feet from Kaighn Point to Newton Creek was completed in 1924. The latest survey (March, 1930) shows that these depths are well main- tained except along the eastern border. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the deepening to 30 feet of the area between Kaighn Point and Berkley Street, from the 35-foot chan- nel to a line parallel with and 50 feet channelward of the pierhead line, as provided for in the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. Existing depths in the area range from 15 to 30 feet at mean low water. The cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year, excluding $15,000 contributed funds which were expended for new work, was $171,248.83, of which $169,325.38 was for new work and $1,923.45 was for maintenance. Total expenditures under the exist- ing project to the end of the fiscal year, excluding $15,000 contributed funds, were $171,248.83. Proposed operations.-No funds are available for this project. The sum of $109,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as follows: New work: Dredging to 30 feet between Kaighn Point and Berkley Street, in front of the new Camden Terminal, 290,000 cubic yards at 35 cents per cubic yard-------------------------------------- $101, 500 Inspection and overhead------------------------ --------------- 7, 500 Total for new work----------------------------------------109, 000 Commercial statistics.-Water-bornecommerce for Delaware River at Camden, N. J. (also included in the report for " Delaware River, Philadelphia, Pa., to the sea "), has been compiled separately since 1923, and representsthe commodities received at, and shipped from, 376 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 the Camden territory only. Commerce in 1929 was the largest yet recorded, totaling 1,300,994 short tons, valued at $28,698,032, a gain of approximately 7.73 per cent in volume and 10.1 per cent in value over 1928. An increase of approximately 286 per cent during the year in receipts of crude oil at Petty Island, is responsible to a large extent for the gain in volume and value of commerce at this point. Coastwise receipts show a loss of 46 per cent, while coastwise ship- ments varied little from 1928. The principal commodities moving to and from the Camden terri- tory were crude petroleum and products, coal, cork, lumber, licorice root, canned goods, and paper containers. Comparative statement of traffic Car-ferry traffic Year Tons Value Tons Value 1923- --------------------------------------- ----- 484, 988 $5, 586,688 3,552,514 $651,989,010 1924- --------------- -- _--- __-- _ 774,250 9,812,585 3,466,178 478,705,033 1925---- ---------------------------------- 1, 070,749 9,381,967 2,241,799 278,339,376 1926- - ------------------- ------- - - - 977,154 15, 008, 655 1,798, 973 241, 832, 824 1927 ------------ --------- ------------ - 1,259,892 21, 015, 958 1,593,412 202, 789, 742 1928--..-------------------------- .. - - 1, 207, 675 26, 063, 630 1, 533,223 197, 569, 650 1929--- ----------------------------------- 1, 300,994 28, 698, 032 1,704,841 211, 798, 833 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ________________________--- $169, 325. 38 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930____________-___ 1,923. 45 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_______-- 171, 248. 83 Net total expenditures____ _________ -_ 171, 248. 83 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__--__------------- 171, 248. 83 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work . Cost of maintenance -------------------- $212. 30 $715.63 $621. 71 $115. 07 Total expended__ ..--- .-__ - - 212.30 715.63 621.71 115.07 Allotted ----------------------------------- 40,000.00 -39,831.17 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------ - $311, 000 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, newfowor------------------------------------- 1932, for1932 ne work_____ ______ ________ -- 109, 19,00000 4. SCHUYLKILL RIVER, PA. Location and description.-The Schuylkill River has its source in Schuylkill County, Pa., flows in a general southeasterly direction, and empties into the Delaware River at Philadelphia, Pa. Its total length is about 130 miles. The distance from Allegheny Avenue, Philadelphia, to the mouth of the Schuylkill River, measured along the Delaware River channel, is about .11 miles, and the distance from the mouth of the Schuylkill River to the mouth of Delaware River, at Liston Point, Del., is about 44 miles. The drainage area of the RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 377 Schuylkill River is about 1,920 square miles, and its discharge varies from about 200 to upward of 70,000 second-feet. Tidewater extends to Fairmount Dam, about 8.6 miles above the mouth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 295.) Original oondition.-The ruling depth of the section under im- provement was about 16 feet at mean low water, except at the mouth, which was obstructed by a bar having a depth of about 10 feet. The head of navigation was approximately at the site of Fairmount Dam, which is the present head of navigation. The river above this point was canalized by private interests and made navigable for canal boats as far as Port Clinton, 98 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The improvement of this section of the river was begun under project adopted July 11, 1870, providing for a channel 100 feet wide and 20 feet deep at mean low water from the mouth to Gibsons Point, thence 18 feet deep to Chestnut Street bridge. This project was modified in 1875 to provide a channel 24 feet deep and 300 feet wide between the mouth and Girard Point. A further modification of the project in 1883 provided for increasing the width of the 24-foot channel between the mouth and Girard Point to 400 feet and for increasing the width of the 20-foot chan- nel from Girard Point to Gibsons Point to 250 feet, except at Yankee Point, where a width of 300 feet was provided. A modification of the project approved April 26, 1892, provided for the construction of earthen and pile dikes at the mouth of the river. The total cost of all projects, prior to the adoption of the existing project, which was begun in 1918, was $525,000, all for new work. The total expendi- tures under previous projects amounted to $525,000. Existing project.- This provides for a channel 30 feet deep at mean low water and 400 feet wide from Delaware River channel to Twenty-ninth Street, thence 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide to Passyunk Avenue Bridge, thence 26 feet deep and 200 feet wide to Gibsons Point, and thence 22 feet deep and 200 feet wide to Cleve- land Avenue (now University Avenue), suitably widened at bends. The length of the section included in the project is about 6.5 miles, the lower end being at the mouth of the river. The mean range of tide at Penrose Ferry Bridge is 5.1 feet, and at Chestnut Street 5.2 feet. Freshets occur several times a year, and when accompanied by heavy and prolonged winds have been known to raise the water surface as much as 12 feet above mean low tide. The currents pro- duced by tides and freshets. occasionally attain a velocity of 6 miles per hour, the normal maximum velocity being about 2 miles per hour. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $1,490,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $200,000, in addition to $1,300,000 required to restore the project depths be- tween the mouth and Passyunk Avenue Bridge. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917 (H. Doc. No. 1270, 64th Cong., 1st sess.), and modi- fied by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 40, 71st Cong., 2d sess.), to provide for a channel depth of 30 feet instead of 35 feet between the mouth and Girard Point, and for the restoration and maintenance of the channel below Passyunk Avenue by the United States under certain conditions (see para- 378 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 graph Local cooperation). The latest published map is in River and Harbor Committee Document No, 40, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recomended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The existing project as originally adopted imposed the condition that the city of Philadelphia or the State of Pennsylvania should maintain the improved channel until the com- pletion of the city's projected sewage-treatment works. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, provides for restoration and main- tenance of the project from the mouth to Passyunk Avenue Bridge by the United States in advance of the completion of the municipal sewage-treatment works, provided the city of Philadelphia shall give assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers that it will dredge not less than 300,000 cubic yards annually in maintaining the channel above Passyunk Avenue Bridge and in cooperation with the United States in channel maintenance below Passyunk Avenue. Maintenance dredging by the city of Philadelphia has been carried on at intervals since January, 1922, as local funds permitted, ap- proximately 3,536,000 cubic yards having been removed to June 30, 1930. Between 1895 and the adoption of the existing project the city of Philadelphia was engaged in deepening and maintaining the channel under War Department permits, and by June 30, 1917, had removed approximately 3,066,000 cubic yards of material, including a small quantity of ledge rock, at a cost of about $915,000. The city has completed, or under construction, the bulkheading of practically the entire frontage of both banks of the river from the Government- owned lands at the mouth to Passyunk Avenue, and has bulkheaded a portion of the west bank above Passyunk Avenue. The work com- pleted and under construction below the upper limit of the Federal improvement comprises 20,390 linear feet of bulkheads at a cost of about $1,784,000. The city of Philadelphia is also bulkheading both banks of the river between the upper end of the channel and Fair- mount Dam, under plans for the beautifying of that section of the river. Terminal facilities.-The only public terminal is at Girard Point, 1 mile above the mouth of the river, where the Pennsylvania Rail- road Co. has four piers (three in use), warehouses, two grain ele- vators, two ore unloaders, and other cargo-handling facilities. Be- tween Girard Point and the upper limit of the channel at University Avenue there are in use 15 wharves, most of them bulkheads parallel to the channel, and none open to public use. Four are owned by the city and have no railroad connections. Of the 11 privately owned wharves, 4 have railroad connections. There are also six pri- vately owned wharves, one with railroad connections, which are not used commercially at present. Between University Avenue and Fairmount Dam there are 45 wharves, none of them open to public use. One is owned by the United States, two by the city of Philadelphia, and the remainder are privately owned. Seventeen, including two with railroad con- nections, are used for other than commercial purposes or not at all. Of the 28 wharves in use, 8 have railroad connections. The terminals are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 379 detailed description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 4, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The completion of the project in 1922 (except for the removal of a few rock shoals above Passyunk Ave- nue) greatly facilitated the movement of naval vessels to the reserve basin of the Philadelphia Navy Yard and of cargo vessels and tankers to the Girard Point terminals and the oil refineries at Point Breeze. The channel has shoaled since originally dredged to such an extent as to interfere seriously with navigation by deep-draft vessels. Ope rations and results dning fiscal year.--None. No funds were expended during the year. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The project is approximately 98 per cent completed. The total quantities of material removed under the project were 9,511.5 cubic yards, place measurement, of ledge rock, and 4,044,868 cubic yards, scow measurement, of other material. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the removal of a few rock shoals in the channel above Passyunk Avenue, which will be deferred until the overlying mud shoals are removed by the city of Philadelphia in accordance with the project conditions. The latest survey (March, 1930) shows present controlling depths at mean low water available to navigation about as follows: Section Project Actual depth depth Feet Feet Mouth to Girard Point-------...... ---------------------------- 30 26 Girard Point to Penrose Ferry Bridge ------------------ _____............._- ...... 30 25 Penrose Ferry Bridge to Passyunk Avenue Bridge------------------------------ 30 22 Passyunk Avenue Bridge to Gibsons Point- __------------------------ --------- 26 20 Gibsons Point to University Avenue.------------------------------------------------ 22 14 The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $1,456,735.51, of which $1,456,001.01 was for new work and $734.50 for maintenance. Total expenditures under the existing project were $1,456,735.51. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply as much as may be necessary of the unexpended balance, $18,264.49, to examinations of the channel during the year. The project is completed, except for the removal of scattered rock points above Passyunk Avenue. These rock points are overlaid with soft shoals and form no menace to navigation. It is proposed to defer their removal until maintenance dredging by the city of Phil- adelphia, as required by the project, has advanced sufficiently to uncover them. The sum of $750,000, in addition to available funds, can be profit- ably expended during the fiscal year 1932 in restoring the channel between the mouth and Passyunk Avenue bridge in accordance with the modified project, as follows: Maintenance : Dredging to 30 feet between the mouth and Passyunk Avenue bridge, by contract, 2,300,000 cubc yards at 30 cents per cubic yard--- __-$690,000 Superintendence, inspection, and overhead---------------- - 60, 000 Total for maintenance_- ---- -___---- 750, 000 380 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Commercial statistics.-The river was open to navigation through- out the year. Commerce in 1929 totaled 10,361,653 short tons, valued at $141,328,928, a gain of approximately 6.22 per cent in volume and 3.95 per cent in value over 1928. The volume is greater than for any previous year, and is double that of 1920. The 1929 gain is due principally to increased foreign and coastwise movements of crude petroleum and products. The principal commodities carried were as follows: Foreign.-Crudepetroleum and products, wheat and other grains, gypsum, iron ore, and benzol. Coastwise.--Crude petroleum and products and coal tars. Other domiestic.-Petroleum products, sand, gravel, and stone, wheat and other grains, coal, coal tars, and ,other chemicals. The greater part of the foreign and coastwise commerce was car- ried in vessels drawing from 12 to 30 feet, and the bulk of the in- ternal, intraport, and local commerce was carried in barges drawing from 6 to 22 feet. During 1929 a passenger service to and from Nova Scotia was in. augurated on Schuylkill River by a steamship line in connection with its freight service; however, the importance of the passenger trade appears to await future development. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1923_- - ----------- 8, 236, 701 $174, 862, 213 1927- _ 8, 221, 485 $139, 976, 276 1924-. . ..---- - _.--- 8, 192, 528 156, 893, 553 1928______________________ 9, 754, 685 135, 955, 345 1925____8, 366, 185 159, 450, 102 1929_ _ 10, 361, 653 141, 328, 928 1926_______ ....-- -- - . 8,219, 040 160, 251, 234 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_________________________ $1, 981, 001. 01 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ 734. 50 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_________ 1, 981, 735. 51 Net total expenditures___________________-__-__ 1, 981, 735. 51 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 __------------ ----- -_ 18, 264. 49 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 _________-__ 2, 000, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work________________________ $573. 73 $1, 646. 36 $3, 826. 56 $172. 28 ----- Cost of m aintenance---- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -.. . 734. 50 Total cost-------------------------_ 573. 73 1, 646. 36 3, 826. 56 906. 78 Total expended --------------------- __-._ 573. 73 1, 646. 36 3, 870. 54 972. 67 Allotted------------------------------------.............-- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929___________-------- $18, 264. 49 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----- __________- ________ _ 18, 264. 49 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------- -------- _-_ 34, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance -----------, __ 750,000.00 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 381 5. HARBOR OF REFUGE, DELAWARE BAY, DEL. Location and description.-This harbor is at the lower end of Delaware Bay, a few miles from the Atlantic Ocean, on the Delaware side of the bay. It is about 120 miles from New York Harbor, about 114 miles from the entrance to Chesapeake Bay, and about 101 miles from Philadelphia, Pa. The harbor is formed by a stone breakwater having a top length of 7,950 feet, with 15 detached ice piers at the northerly end of the breakwater to break up ice floating down the bay. The breakwater and ice piers have an elevation of 14 feet above mean low water. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1218.) Original condition.-The locality was of little service as a harbor of refuge, because the only shelter to vessels anchoring there was given by the mainland of Cape Henlopen, Del. The holding ground was good and the depth was suitable for anchorage of all Classes of vessels, but it was exposed to easterly and northwesterly storms. Its value to commerce is due to its location near the coast line and its practical equidistance from New York, Philadelphia, and. Chesa- peake Bay, thereby affording a haven of refuge or a port of call for practically the entire North Atlantic coast shipping. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--This provides for the construction of a break- water about 8,000 feet long, beginning at a point about 6,000 feet from Cape Henlopen and extending in a northerly direction for a distance of 2,695 feet; thence in a northwesterly direction for 5,330 feet; for the construction of 5 ice piers located in prolongation of this line, and 10 more in a line perpendicular thereto extending oward the Delaware shore, and for a channel 18 feet deep and 300 feet wide extending approximately 7,000 feet to Queen Anne Wharf at Lewes, Del., with a turning basin 600 feet square at the inner end. The mean tidal range at this locality is about 4.3 feet. The extreme tidal range due to wind and equinoctial tides is about 1 foot greater. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1930 is $2,525,000. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896 (H. Doc. No. 112, 52d Cong., 1st sess.). A subproject for the construction of 10 ice piers was approved by the Secretary of War April 23, 1900, and a subproject for five additional ice piers was approved June 30, 1902. The project was modified by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 15, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) to provide for a channel 18 feet deep to Lewes, Del. The latest published map of this locality is printed in the latter document.' Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, provides that no work shall be undertaken on the 18-foot channel to Lewes, Del., until local interests give assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers, that they will dredge to 18 feet in the berths at the Queen Anne Wharf, or that they will construct another wharf open to the general public and having approximately the same berthing facilities. 382 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Terminal facilities.-The only terminal facilities are the piers at Lewes, Del., five in number beside the Government iron pier, which is not in usable condition. The only wharf of a public character is the Queen Anne (or Collins) Pier, at the western end of the proposed 18-foot channel, which is open to the public on payment of charges. It is about 1,150 feet long and 16 feet wide, except the outer 150 feet which is 32 feet wide, and is in good condition. It has no rail con- nections and no cargo handling machinery, the present business being limited to delivery of supplies to tugs and other small craft. There are two other private piers in use, about a mile east of the Queen Anne Pier, owned by fertilizer companies. Effect of improvement.-The effect of the construction of the breakwater and ice piers has been to provide a safe anchorage ground for a number of vessels annually, both as a port of call and a refuge from easterly storms. The anchorage ground is exposed to north- westerly storms and drifting ice. The harbor of refuge is not used for the exchange of commerce. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. No funds were expended during the year. Conditionat end of fiscal year.-Based on a comparison of the cost of new work done under the existing project with its total estimated cost, the project is about 89 per cent completed. According to the latest (1926) survey, the limiting depth for vessels in the protected area west of the outer breakwater ranges from 20 to 40 feet at mean low water. Work remaining to be done to complete the project re- quires the provision of the 18-foot channel to the Queen Anne Wharf at Lewes, Del., with a turning basin as authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. The controlling depth in the proposed channel to the Queen Anne Wharf is about 10 feet at mean low water. The breakwater is in good condition, except that settlement has occurred at the lower end. Repairs to the ice piers were com- pleted in 1927. The cost of new work under the project was $2,238,- 205.34, and the cost of maintenance was $120,455.55, making a total cost of $2,358,660.89. The total expenditures under the existing project were $2,358,660.89. Proposed operations.-No funds are available for this project. The ice piers were repaired in 1927. No further maintenance of them is required at present. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work included in the revised project. No additional funds, therefore, can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-There is no exchange of commerce in the Harbor of Refuge. During the calendar year 1929, 2 vessels used the harbor " for orders," 396 vessels " for harbor," and 5 vessels " in distress." Cost anid financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930___-- ------------------- $2, 238, 205.34 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------- 120, 455. 55 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ------ -2, 358, 660. 89 Net total expenditures__ ------- 2, 358, 660.89 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 2, 358, 660. 89 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 383:. Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1980 Cost ofnew work-............-------------------------------------- --------------------------- Cost of maintenance.------------------- $20, 771.35 $46, 391.29 $20,189, 25 ------------------- Total expended ..---.. ..-------------------- 20, 771.35 46, 391.29 36, 774.88 ------------ __-- . . 7,000. 00..---------8, 644.45 Allotted.........----------------------6. ..---------...------. Amount (estimated) requ red to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------ -------------------------- $287, 000 6. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of prelimi- nary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, in- spections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in con- nection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $16,097.14; the expenditures were $15,202.08. The bal- ance unexpended June 30, 1930, amounting to $8,111.59, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $13,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1982. Cost an tlasncial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------- -------------- $21, 4. 12 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930__----- ---- -- -___ 11. 50 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930--- ------------- .21, 645. 62 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------- ----------------- 1,257. 21 Net -total expenditures______----------------------20, 388. 41 Unexpended balance June 30, 980 ---- -------------- 8,111. 59 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930...------------- 28, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work.... Cost ofmaintenance:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::-------------------------$5,536.98 s$16,097.14 Total expended------- ------------------------------------------- 5,186.33 15,202.08 Allotted.. -------- ------------ ......-----------------------.... 1,000.00 15, 750.00 11,750.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $11, 563.67 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930- ---------------- _ $8, 750.00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930_ 3, 000. 00 11, 750. 00 Amount to be accounted for.-------------------------- 23, 313. 67 Gross amount expended_________---------_ __ 15, 202. 08 . Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ------- - 8. 111'5. 11714---ENG 1930-----25 384 REPORT OF' CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY; 1930 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ---------------- $1, 459. 98 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts--__----_ -- - 75.00 $1, 534. 98 Balance available June 30, 1930--.--------__--__-,____ _ 6, 576. 61 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930__-----_,-- ------------------ 11. 50 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 --------- 6, 588.11 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1- 80, 1932, for maintenance 13, 500. 00 EXAMINATION AND SURVEY MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JANUARY 21, 1927 Reports dated March 15, 1929, and November. 29, 1929, with maps, on preliminary examination and survey of the Delaware River, Pa., N. J., and Del., required by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board. of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted. to Congress and printed in House Document No. 304, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for increased width at certain localities for anchorage and other purposes at an estimated cost of $3,915,000, with $240,000 annually for maintenance in addition to that now required. The local. engineer is also charged with the duty of making a preliminary examination and survey, provided for by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, of the Delaware River at New Castle, Del., with a view to removing existing ice breakers and report thereon will be duly submitted when received. REPORTS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated January 30, 1924, a review of reports °on the Delaware River from Philadelphia to the sea, printed in House Document No. 733, Sixty-first Congress, second session, was re- quested. Report thereon, with maps, was transmitted to the com- mittee and printed in Rivers and Harbors Committee Document No. 6, Seventy-first Congress, first session. Recommendation is made that the construction of training works is advisable in order to reduce the cost of maintenance and to advance the time when the channel will be more fully dependable, and the extension of the system of dikes originally proposed does not require further affirma- tive action by Congress. By resolution dated January 6, 1930, a review of reports on the Schuylkill River, Pa., printed in House Document No. 1270, Sixty- fourth Congress, first session, was requested. Report thereon, with maps, was transmitted to the committee and printed in Rivers and Harbors Committee Document No. 40, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 30 feet deep from the mouth to Girard Point and for the restoration and maintenance of the . project from the mouth to Passyunk Avenue Bridge, in advance of the completion of the municipal sewage-treatment works, at an 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL,, DISTRICT 385 estimated cost of $1,300,000 with $200,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolution of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, House of Representatives, dated December 14, 1929, a review of reports on the Delaware River, between Philadelphia, Pa., and Trenton, N. J., printed in House Document No. 228, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session, and the reports on Delaware River at Morrisville, Pa., printed in House Document No. 1072, Sixty-second Congress, third session, is requested, and report thereon will be submitted as soon as practicable. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT This district includes the tributaries of Delaware River and Bay and the streams, bays, and inlets along the Atlantic coast from Bayhead, N. J., at the head of Barnegat Bay, on the north, to Cape Charles, Va., on the south. District engineer: Lieut. Col. R. P. Howell, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. W. J. Barden, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Cooper River, N.J _----..- 385 20. Appoquinimink; River, Del__ 431 2. Big Timber Creel, N. J_.. 388 21. Smyrna River, Del__ 433 3. Woodbury COreek, N. J ..... 389 22. Leipsic River, Del 435 4. Mantua Creek, N. J------- 391 23. Little River, Del-__- ... 436 5. Raccoon Creek, N. J__ 394 24. St. Jones River, Del_______ 438 6. Oldnmans Creek, N. J-.... 396 25. Murderkill River, Del 440 7. Salem River, N. J-------- 398 26. Mispillion River, Del - -_ 443 8. Alloway Creek, N. J .-.--.. 400 27. Br adkill River, Del 445 9. Cohansey River, N. J ... 402 28. Inland waterway between 10. Maurice River, N. J ....... 404 Rehoboth Bay and Dela- 11. Cold Spring Inlet, N. J------ 407. ware Bay, DeL 447 12. Absecon Inlet, N. J._ 409 29. Inland waterway from Chih- 1i3. Absecon Cre 'k, N. J .____- 411 coteague Bay, Va., to Del- 14. Tuckerton Creek, N. J __.. 412 aware Bay; Del 449 15. Toms River, N. J __-_ 414 30. Little Machipongo River, Va_ 451 16 Chester, River, Pa -- 416 31. Waterway on the coast of 17. Wilmington Harbor, Del ... 418 Virginia -- 453 18. Inland waterway from Dela-, 32. Examinations, surveys, and ware River to Chesapeake contingencies (general)___ 454 Bay, Del. and Md------- 428 19. Operating and care of in- land waterway from Dela- ware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md,... 429 1. COOPER RIVER, N. J. Location and desecription.-This river rises in the eastern part of Camden County, N. J., flows northwesterly about 13 miles, passing through the northern part of the city of Camden, and empties into the Delaware River above Cooper Point. The drainage area is 44 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge, which is, however, unimportant. The length of the tidal reach is about 91/2 miles. At the mouth and at Stoys Landing the high-water widths are 220 feet and 100 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 160 and 60 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 295.) 386 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 oOrigainl condition.--The channel was irregular and tortuous, with depths varying from 6 to 9 feet at mean low water, except near the upper limit, where the minimum usable low-water depth was 2 feet. The river was navigable for small steamers and other craft from the mouth to Kaighns Avenue, Camden, a distance of 3.2 miles, and for small boats, logging, and rafting to Stoys Landing, the head of navi- gation, an additional distance of 5.3 miles, making the total navi- gable length 81/2 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 70 feet wide through the bar outside of the mouth and upstream to what was formerly Browning Chemical Works, about 1.7 miles. The mean range of tide is 6 feet at the mouth and feetatStoys Landing; and the extreme range is about 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1895, was $35,000. The latest (1929) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $13,500. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896 (H. Doc. No. 176, 53d Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1895, p. 1102, et seq.). The latest published map is in House Docu- ment No. 134 Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There: are 16 wharves, which practically form a continuous wharfag on both sides of the stream through the city of Camden. All are of pile and timber construction except two, which are built of concrete. All of these wharves are privately owned, four are open to the public for a nominal charge, and one is free of charge. Most of the wharves have direct connection with the Pennsylvania Railroad: There is hn public water terminal regu- lated by the city of Camden that is in condition to use. The facili- ties are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 4, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-Freight rates for water-borne commerce have been reduced because the enlrgement of the channel has re- sulted in a reduction of lightera e, permitting larger vessels than formerly to go up the :river to load and discharge cargo directly at the wharves. The effect on railroad rates is not known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Dredging opera- tions under the contract dated June 21, 1928, were continued from a point 60 feet below the Pennsylvania Railroad Bridge upstream through the west draw, for a total distance of 110 feet, deepening the channel to 12 feet at mean low water, with a width of 30 feet, 1,749 cubic yards of mud, sand, gravel, and stones being removed, at a cost of $49568, for maintenance, after deducting liquidated damages in the amount of $945. The contract was completed July 22, 1929:. A survey of the river to ascertain the condition of the channel was made in May and June, 19380, at a cost of $827.77 for mainte- nance. The total costs during the fiscal year were $1,323.45 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $8,183.71. Condition at end of fisoal year.-The existing project was com- pleted irn 1990, at a saving of $1,898 under the estimated ent. The RIVERS AND HARBORS-WJAMINGTOlN DEL, DISTRICT 7 controlling depths at mean low water on June 3O 190, were ,.as follows: From the Delaware River to Federal Street Bridge, 13. feet, and thence to the upper end of the project, 12.0 feet. The costs of the existing project to date are $33,101.64 for new work and $92,226.13 for maintenance, a total of $125,327.77. The total expenditures were $124,500. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds un- expended June 30, 1930, to maintenance dredging, under contract, as follows: Dredging 40,000 cubic yards, at 60 cents ------ -------------- $24, 000 Engineering, overhead, and contingencies ---- -- ------------- 3, 000 Total-- ------------------- -------------------------- 27, 000 The funds will be expended at the rate of approximately $5,000 per month, and will probably be exhausted by December 31, 1930. Since the work to be done in the fiscal year 1931 will restore the channel to a satisfactory condition, no additional funds can be prof- itably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 6 to 12 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of coal, sand, gravel, logwood, gasoline, oils, and chemicals. The commodities were carried by motor vessels, barges, and lighters. There was a slight increase in tonnage and valuation, owing to the increased receipts of logwood. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year I Short tons Value 321,130 $2,616,491 1928__----__--------------- 1925---------------------___ 248,142 $1, 836, 605 347,785 3,974, 900 1926..............--------------------. 1929-- --------------- 251,037 2,205,827 ---- 422,907 197.....----------........... 2,612, 085 Cost and financiGa suem nary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ---- --- -------- $33, 101. 64 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------- 92, 226. 13 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930- ----------- 25, 327. 77 Gross total costs to, June 30, 1930..---------------------- 125, 327. 77 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 827.77 Net total expenditures.-- ----- ------------------- 124, 500. 00 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------ --------- 27, 000.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 151, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---------- Cost of maintenance_.-_work...----...... ------------ -_. $15, 506. 57 -------- $97. 24 -------- $432.42 $25974 66 $1,323. 45 Total expended-. _______________-________ 15, 506. 57 97. 24 432. 42 18, 286. 63 8,183. 71 Allotted------------------- ---------- 5,000.00 10,000.00 5,00 12, 000.00 27,000. 00 8 BEPORIT OF iE OR E1NGINEERS .U. S. Ai tY Y O ChIEF 93 0 f)alance unexpended July 1, 1929,........,.._... _ ._....., 183.71 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930- ---- - ------------------------------------- 27, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-- ----------------------- 35, 183.71 Gross amount expended ---------- ---------------------- 8, 183. 71 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------------- 27, 000. 00 2. BIG TIMBER CREEK, N. J. Location and description.-Big Timber Creek is about 16 miles long, flows in a general northwesterly direction, forming a portion of the boundary line between Camden and Gloucester Counties, N. J., and enters the Delaware River opposite League Island, in the southern portion of Philadelphia, Pa. About 7 miles above the mouth the creek divides into the North and South Branches, the former extending to Chews Landing and the latter 9 miles to its source, passing through the towns of Blackwood and Grenloch. Its drainage area is approximately 65 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 9 miles. The high-water width of the stream varies from about 400 feet, just inside the trolley drawbridge at the mouth, to 75 feet at the junction of the two branches, thence up the North Branch to the head of navigation, with widths varying from 100 to 50 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 295.) Original condition.-Little or no commerce has been handled on the river because of numerous obstructing shoals, several sharp bends, and fixed bridges. The minimum usable low water depth over the section included in the project was 5.3 feet. On account of these obstructions to navigation, sand and gravel from plants operated on the banks of the stream, farm products and building materials are now moved to market or brought in by truck. Previous projects.--None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and generally 75 feet wide from the 10-foot contour in Delaware River up to Marter's sand plant, a distance of 51/4 miles. The mean range of tide at Westville, near the mouth, is 5.1 feet, and at Chews Landing, 2.3 feet. The extreme range of tide is from about 11/2 feet below mean low water to 2 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1928, is $64,000, of which $50,000 is to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost "of maintenance is $2,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 217, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in that document. Recommended modiflcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The project, as adopted, requires that local interests contribute $50,000 to the first cost of the work and furnish, without cost to the United States, necessary rights of way and spoil disposal areas. These conditions have not been complied with. Terminal faoilities.-There are no public wharves or landings along the creek. One shipyard has a bulkhead wharf on the north RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 389 side of the entrance, but it is used comparatively little because of much better facilities along the Delaware River. The remaining private wharves, on account of lack of recent commercial use, have fallen into decay, and at present no suitable wharves or landings exist to receive prospective commerce. Small landing docks have been built by owners of power boats or pleasure craft for their personal use. It is expected that when the improvement of the stream is completed the sand and gravel and other commercial interests using the stream, as well as the municipalities, will build wharves. Efect of iinprovement.-No work has been done on the existing project. Operationsand results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-See paragraph Originalcondition. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The relative desir- ability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and naviga- tion entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-No commercial use is being made of the stream. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------ ---------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------------- --------- Total amount appropriated to June 30. 1930 _ _ Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - existing project - $14, 000. 00 3. WOODBURY CREEK, N. J. Location and description.-This creek rises on the boundary line between Camden and Gloucester Counties and flows 6 miles in a gen- eral northwesterly direction, emptying into the Delaware River about 9 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is 12 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of the stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 6 miles. At the mouth and at Woodbury the high-water widths are 250 feet and 80 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 150 feet and 40 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 295.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and tortuous, and obstructed by a mud bar at the mouth over which the controlling depth was 3 feet at mean low water. A low-water depth of 4 feet was available from the mouthto Red Bridge, thence decreasing to a minimum usable depth of about 9 inches at the fixed bridge at Woodbury, the head of navigation, 4 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, appropriated $5,000 for Woodbury Creek, N. J. Of this amount, $450.31 was expended in making a survey. The balance, $4,549.69, was returned to the Treasury. Also $2,500 of the appropriation in the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, for Cooper Creek, N. J., was authorized to be used and was expended as maintenance in rebuilding the dike on Government reservation in the Delaware River at Woodbury Creek. The total cost and expenditures under previous 1 In addition $50,000 is to be contributed by local interests. 9 EPORT OF CHIEF a OP :E1GINEERSS; . 9S. ARMY, 19 3 0 projects prior to the adoption of the existing piroect (expenditures on which began in 1913) were $2,950.31 for new work. Existing p~ojet.--This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water from the 6-foot contour of Delaware, River to Webdbury, 60 feet wide across the bar outside the mouth and up the river to the White Bridge, 11/2 miles; thence 40 feet wide to Woodbury, a farther distance of 21 miles, including three cut-offs, which shortened the distance 3,340 feet. The length of the section included in the project is about 4 miles. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 5.7 feet and at Woodbury 4.3 feet. The extreme tidal range is about 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1912, was $38,000, exclu- sive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 635, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in that document. Recommended modifications of project.---None. Local cooperation.---The land for the three cut-offs and for the deposit of the dredged material required by law to be furnished by local interests free of cost to the United States was donated by local interests, and title to the land was approved by the Department of Justice, January 8, 1914. Terminal facilities.-There are five timber wharves or landings on this stream, all being private property except a municipal wharf at the foot of one of the streets. There is no direct communication with railroads or connecting transportation lines. The wharves are available to the general public free of charge. The facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been facilitated, and larger vessels can be used at all stages of the tide. The effect on freight rates is not known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress and no expenditures were made. Conditions at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1916 at a saving of $13,857 under the estimated cost. The controlling depths at mean low water on June 30, 1930, were as fol- lows: Entrance channel at the mouth, 3.9 feet; thence to the white bridge, 6 feet; thence to the red bridge, 318 feet; and thence to the highway bridge at Woodbury, 3.5 feet. The costs of the existing project to date are $24,142.70 for new work and $35,857.30 for main- tenance, a total of $60,000, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations--No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and accordingly no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 5 to 8 feet. The items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of coal and maqhinery. The commodities were carried by motor vessels and barges. The increase in tonnage and value' was due to increased receipts of coal andto t the receipts of a= !high-priced commodity. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 391 Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value SI------ ---- 1925...---------------- ------ 3, 495 $22, 850 1928--....------------------- 3, 420 $44, 930 1926 .---------------------- 6, 644 78, 335 1929.---.--------- --------- 3, 883 69, 270 1927---------------------- 3, 224 34, 100 Cost and ftnancial swmmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1980 --------------------------- $27, 093. 01 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------- ------- 35, 857.30 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 --- __- 62, 950.-31 Net total expenditures---------- ---------------------- 62. 950. 31 -------------------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--2,50. 31 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ...--------------- Co~itof maintenance.. ------------------------------ $502. 32 $3, 2. 85 ..---------......---------...... Total expended-.....---- - ---............ 502. 32 13, 230.85 ..... Allotted-----------..............-- .. ...-------- ..----- -.... 3, 500.00-------- 4. MANTUA CREEK, N. J. Location and description.--This creek rises in Gloucester County, N. J., flows northwesterly 161/2 miles, and empties into the Delaware River about 10 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is about 51 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 98/4 miles. At the mouth and at Mantua the high-water widths are 225 feet and 90 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same. points are 160 feet and 25 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart. No. 295.) Original condition.-The channel was obstructed by bars and harp bends, and, in the upper portions, by stumps and overhanging trees. The minimum usable depth of the channel at the mouth was 8 feet at mean low water; at Paulsboro, 5 feet; and at Mantua 2 feet. ThB stream was navigable for steamboats from the mouth to Parkers Landing, 71/ 'miles, and for small vessels and barges able to pass under the fixed bridges to Mantua, the head of navigation, 113/4 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, andwas modified in 1889. The cost and expenditures under previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1900) were $3,000 for new work. For scope of previous projects see page 1784, Annual Report of Chief of Engineers, 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from the 12-foot contour of Delaware River, through the marsh to the phbsphate works; thence 8 feet deep and 80 feet wide via cut-offs to Paulsboro; thence 7 feet deep and 60 feet wide via cut-offs to Parkers Landing, near Mount 392 REPORT OF CHIEP OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Royal; and the dredging of a cut-off 3 feet deep and 50 feet wide 9,000 feet above Berkley (Mount Royal), the removal of overhanging trees above Mount Royal; the construction of stone-filled pile and timber jetties on both sides of the mouth; and a dike across the old mouth 524 feet long. The length of the north jetty is 1,578 feet. The south jetty is 1,454 feet long. The section of the creek included in the project extends from the Delaware River upstream 73/4 miles to 1 mile below the town of Mantua. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 6 feet; at Paulsboro, 51/2 feet; at Mount Royal, 4 feet; and at Mantua, 21/2 feet. The extreme tidal range is about 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1897, was $145,030, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for all features of the project except the dike across the old mouth (H. Doc. No. 123, 55th Cong., 2d sess., and annual report for 1898, p. 1122). The dike was provided for by the act of March 2, 1907. The latest published map of the whole creek is with the project document. A later map of the portion from just below Mount Royal to Mantua is in House Document No. 523, Sixty-first Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--Under the provisions of the project, not to exceed $11,000 could be expended in securing rights of way for cut- offs. That sum having been expended in securing previous rights of way, local interests contributed free of cost to the United States an easement for the cut-off 9,000 feet above Mount Royal, title being approved by the Chief of Engineers June 13, 1927. The cut-off between Paulsboro and Parkers Landing, which was provided for as part of the project of improvement, was made by the enlargement of a ditch which formed a natural connection, the work having been done with the consent of the owner of abutting pro rty. Terminal facilities.-There are 10 wharves of pile and timber con- struction on this stream. All of these wharves are privately owned, but six are open to the general public upon payment of nominal wharfage, and two without charge. Several of the wharves at Pauls- boro, N. J., have connections with the Pennsylvania Railroad. The facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The shipments of fruit and other perish- able merchandise have been greatly facilitated by the improvement. Several large manufacturing plants with adequate wharfage facili- ties are located on the land between Paulsboro and the Delaware River and use the river extensively for commerce. The direct effect on freight rates is not known. Operations and results d uring the fiscal year.--A survey of the stream between the Delaware River and Paulsboro, to ascertain the condition of the channel, was commenced June 17, 1930, and was in progress at the close of the fiscal year. The cost of the survey to June 30, 1980, was $457.11 for maintenance. There were no expenditures. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, IEL, I)ISTRICT 393 Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project was col- pleted in 1927, at a saving of $35,000 under the estimated cost. The controlling depths at mean low water were as follows: From the Delaware River to the phosphate works, 11.4 feet; thence to the highway bridge at Paulsboro, 7 feet (Nov. 16, 1929); thence to. Parkers Landing, 4.2 feet, and thence to Mantua, 1.7 feet (June 30, 1930). The costs of the existing project to date are $109,958.52 for new work and $60,248.59 for maintenance, a total of $170,207.11. The total expenditures were $169,750. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1930, to maintenance dredging, under contract, as follows: Dredging 5,000 cubic yards, at 65 cents -___ --. $3, 250 Engineering, overhead, and contingencies____________________ ___ 750 Total__ ________---------------- 4, 000 The funds will be expended at the rate of approximately $1,000 per month, and will probably be exhausted by December 31, 1930. The sum of $3,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 in maintenance of the project, as follows: Dredging, by contract, 5,000 cubic yards, at 60 cents--------------$3, 000 Eng neering, overhead, and contingencies_________--____________ 500 Total------------- ------------------------------------ 3, 500 The amount required for maintenance during the fPscal year 1932 is larger than the average expended for that purpose during the last five years because this channel should be redredged to full dimen- sions each year if the needs of commerce are to be adequately met. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 5 to 12 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of sand, gravel, sulphur, fertilizer ingredients, coal, gaso- line, and chemicals. The commodities were carried by lighters, car floats, barges, and motor vessels. The increase in tonnage was due chiefly to the traffic in the items of sand and gravel, and the slight decrease in value to a decrease in high-priced commodities. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925 - _-.............-. 109, 948 $1, 105, 073 1928-------------------- 115, 911 $2,137, 605 1926 ..................... 110, 582 1, 766, 457 1929....... . ...... . 433, 831 2, 037, 634 1927---------------.............. 72,850 1,874, 261 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------- $112, 958. 52 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930____--- -__----------- 60, 248.59 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 173, 207. 11 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 __----___------------__ 457. 11 Net total expenditures------------------------------- 172, 750. 00 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------------ 4, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930. ------------- 176, 750. 00 394 REPOIRT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1960 Cost of new work --------------------------- ----- $5,423.48 .... Cost of maintenance------------------ ------------ $586.86 548.04 $10,424.95 .451.1 Total cost---------------,------ --- _ 586.86 5,971.52 10,424.95 457.11 Total expended--------------------- 586.86 5, 971.52 10,424.95 ......---- Allotted-...-------------------------........... ..------- -- $15,000.00 ....-- 5,000.00 6,500.00 4,000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 --------------------------------------------- $4, 000 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 _-_______________________ 4, 000 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 __ ____________----------- 3, 500 5. RACCOON CREEK, N. J. Location and description.-This creek rises in Gloucester County, N. J., flows northwesterly 16 miles, and empties into the Delaware IRiver about 20 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is 44 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 11 miles. The high-water widths at the mouth and at Swedesboro, N. J., are 1,200 feet and 140 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 250 and 60 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey ,Chart No. 295.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and tortuous and obstructed throughout its length by many shoals of hard material, over which were depths varying from 3 to 7 feet at mean low water. The minimum usable low-water depth was 3 feet. Vessels could operate only at high water. The head of navigation was at Swedes- boro, N. J., where the stream is crossed by a fixed highway bridge. The length of the navigable portion was 93/, miles. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river ,and harbor act of August 2, 1882. The cost and expenditures upon previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (ex- penditures on which began in 1903) were $757.23 for new work. For scope of previous projects see page 1784, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep through- out at mean low water 75 feet wide from the 7-foot contour in Delaware River to Bridgeport, a distance of 13/4 miles; thence 60 feet wide to Springers Wharf, a farther distance of 31/4 miles; and thence 40 feet wide to Swedesboro, a farther distance bf 43/4 miles, with a stone-filled pile and timber jetty at the mouth 950 feet long, and a cut-off at Molonox Shoal, which shortened the distance three- fourths mile. The mean range of tide is 6 feet at the mouth and 5 feet at Swedesboro. The extreme range of tide is 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1913, was $106,535, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) Approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for all features of the 1 ExclusiVe of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 395 existing project except the 7-foot depth above Springers Wharf, the dike or jetty at the mouth, and the cut-off at Molonox Shoal. (H. Doc. No. 231, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1900, p. 1590.) The act of March 2, 1907, provided for the cut-off at Molonox Shoal, and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the 7-foot depth above Springers Wharf, and the jetty at the mouth (H. Doc. No. 800, 63d Cong., 2d sess.)." The latest published map of the mouth and the upper section of the creek is in the last- mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The lands necessary for the cut-off at Molonox Shoal were required by the act of March 2, 1907, to be deeded to the United States free of cost. This was accomplished March 19, 1908. Terminal facilities.-There are 11 wharves of pile and timber construction, all privately owned. Ten of them are open to general public use for a nominal charge, and one without charge. Most of the wharves have indirect connection with the Pennsylvania Rail- road. The facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (.For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--The carrying of perishable freight by water has been facilitated and long hauls by rail to the city markets eliminated. Freight rates for water-borne commerce are lower than by railroad, but the effect on the latter is not known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.--No operations were in' progress and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1922, at a saving of $23,627 under the estimated cost. The con- trolling depths at mean low water on June 30, 1930, were as follows: From the Delaware River to the mouth, 4.2 feet; thetice to Bridge- port, 4.7 feet; thence to Springers Wharf, 5.1 feet; and thence to Swedesboro, 0.8 foot. The costs of the existing project to date are $82,907.73 for new work and $56,605.04 for maintenance, a total of $139,512.77, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet- the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 5 to 8 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of cinders, coal, fertilizer, ammunition, and tomatoes, and were carried by motor vessels. The increase in tonnage and value was due to the increased traffic of all commodities, and especially to the receipts of ammunition. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925---------------------- 10,533 $126,493 1928 ...----------------------- 5, 275 $125,058 1926------------- ------ _ 7, 915 141,719 1929----------------------- 11, 697 1,153,350. 1927---- ------------------ 6, 589 128,554 3 6 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 Cost and fanancia. summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- 83, 664. 96 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ -------------------------- 56, 605. 04 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 __---________ 140, 270. 00 Net total expenditures- ----------------------------------- 140, 270.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_.___..-______ 140, 270. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.... Cost ofmaintenance....--------------------- $79.00 ( $6. 07 - $493.93 Total . -_ . 79. 00 expended---............ 6.07 493. 93 .-.... Allotted............ -------------------------. ---------- 9,000.00 -8,500.00..... 6. OLDMANS CREEK, N. J. Location and description.-This creek rises in the boundary line between Gloucester and Salem Counties, N. J., flows in a northwest- erly direction 20 miles and empties into the Delaware River about 24 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is.83 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of the stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 171/2 miles. The low-water widths of the stream are 230 feet at the mouth, 100 feet at Pedricktown, and 30 feet at Auburn. The high-water widths are indeterminate, owing to the low, flat marshlands which border the stream. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 295.) Original condition.-The channel was irregular and tortuous and obstructed by numerous shoals throughout its length, and by over- hanging trees and submerged logs in the upper portion. In the sec- tion below Pedricktown the channel depths varied from 5 to 10 feet and in the upper portion from 2 to 5 feet at mean low water. The minimum usable low-water depth was 1.4 feet. The channel depths did not meet the demands of commerce, as navigation of large vessels was possible only at high water. The head of navigation was at the fixed bridge at Auburn, 15 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing proe.ct.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water from the 6-foot contour of the Delaware River to Pedrick- town, a distance of 6 miles, thence 5 feet deep at mean low water to Auburn, a farther distance of 9 miles; 100 feet wide across the bar outside of the mouth, 75 feet wide thence to Pedricktown, and thence 40 feet wide to Auburn, including nine cut-offs, which shortened the distance 4 miles, and a jetty at the mouth. The length of the section included in the project is about 11 miles. The mean range of tide is 6 feet at the mouth, 2.4 feet at Pedricktown, and 0.9 foot at Auburn. The extreme range of tide is from 2 feet below mean low water to about 2 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is .$120,000. The latest (1908) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1083, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTONI, DEL. DISTRICT 397 Local cooperation.-As required by law, the necessary land for the nine cut-offs was furnished by local interests free of cost to the United States, and the United States was released from all claims for damages arising from the diversion of the stream, title to the land and the releases having been approved by the Department of Justice April 17, 1913. Terminal facilities.-There are 11 wharves or landings on the creek of pile and timber construction. They are privately owned, but 7 are open to the general public. No wharves have railroad connection. The facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has been of great bene- fit to navigation and has facilitated and expedited the carrying of perishable freight, by eliminating wagon haul of from 1 to 5 miles to the railroad station. The effect on freight rates is not known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 26 per cent of the project, that is, all of the dredging contemplated, has been completed. The uncompleted portion of the project is the construction of a jetty, at the mouth, which it is not proposed to undertake at present. The controlling depths at mean low water on June 30, 1930, were as follows: From Delaware River to the mouth, 5 feet; thence to Pedricktown, 5.1 feet, and thence to Auburn, 1.5 feet. The costs of the existing project to date are $31,188.43 for new work and $19,511.57 for maintenance, a total of $50,700, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitatbly expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 6 to 8 feet. The items of commerce for the calendar year. consisted of coal, cinders, fertilizer, and tomatoes and were carried bj motor vessels. The increase in tonnage and value was due mainly to the increased shipments of tomatoes. All commercial traffic was confined to about 6 miles of the project between the Delaware River and Pedricktown, N. J. Comparative stateinent Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925-__------------------ -- 6, 936 $52, 590 ---------------------- 1928.... 3, 492 $40.700 1926-- _----------------- --- 8, 044 66, 940 1929....------------------ 4, 675 84,862 1927--__ ._ ________ ____ _ 5, 043 89, 319 Cost an:d fianoaial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------------- $31, 188. 13 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------- 19, 511. 57 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 50, 700. 00 Net total expenditures_ _________-- - 50, 700. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------------- 50, 700. 00 98 REPOT OF .CHIEF OF EIGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19'0 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.---------------- t of maintenance. , ...-............... ... ......... $1,33 ----------- $409.29 -------------- ----_--.. --. ---- . . ...---. Total epended..... .......--------------- ...........-- ------------ 1.33 409.29 --. Alltted-- ---------------------------------- 7, 500.00 -7, 300.90 ------------------ Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-------------------------------- $88, 800 7. SALEM RIVER, N. J. Location and description.-This river rises in Salem County, N. J., flows westward 10 miles, thence southward 13 miles to the city of Salem, N. J., where it is joined by Little Salem River, or Fenwick Creek, from the eastward, and thence westward 3 miles, emptying into the Delaware River about 45 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is about 40 square miles. No information is avail- able as to the discharge of the stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 51/ miles. At the mouth and at Salem the high-water widths are 1,360 feet and 120 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 1,040 feet and 90 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 294.) Original condition.----The channel was obstructed by stony and gravel shoals in the sharp bend jiic below the entrance to Salem River, over which there was a ci annel depth of 5 feet at mean low water. The minimum usable low-water depth was 4 feet. The river was navigable for shallow-draft boats only, and the larger vessels were compelled to wait for the tide. The head of navigation was at the fixed highway bridge crossing Little Salem River. The length of the navigable portion of the river was 4 miles. Previous py~oecs-.'-The :original project was adopted in 1870, modified in 1878, and a subsequent proj"ct adopted March 2, 1907. The cost and expenditures on previous prcjects, prior to the adoption of the existing project, work on which began in June, 1927, were $55,809.34 for new work and $48,000 for maintenance, a total of $103,809.34. (For scope of previous projects see page 1784, Annual Report for 1915, and page 349 of Annual Report for 1924.) Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water, 150 feet wide from deep water in the Delaware River through Salem Cove, and thence 100 feet wide to the fixed highway bridge in the city of Salem, including a cut-off to eliminate a large horseshoe bend just below the city of Salem. The length of the section included in the project is about 4 miles. The mean range of tide is 6 feet and the extreme range is from about 1 foot below mean low water to about 2 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1927, is $175,000 (one-half of which is to be contributed by local interests), exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1927) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925 (H. Doc. No. 110, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifiations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The existing project requires that local inter- ests contribute one-half the estimated cost of new work under this 4 RIVERS AND HARBORS--WILMINGTON1 I DE., DSTRIOT 399 project, and that all rights of way for cut-offs shall be conveyed to the United States free of cost. The contributions thus far made pro- vide the right of way for the cut-off, title to which was approved by the Secretary of War May 12, 1927, and for 50 per cent of the cost of the 12-foot channel up to a point 225 feet above the county (Penns Neck) highway bridge, amounting to $51,825.10, of which $27,905.82 was contributed by the State of New Jersey, $19,932.73 by the county of Salem, and $3,986.55 by the city of Salem. Should the 12-foot channel be extended to the fixed bridge, additional local cooperation must be provided to the extent of 50 per cent of the cost of this work. Terminal facilities.-There are 13 wharves on the river, all at Salem, N. J. Twelve are of timber construction and one of concrete. One is a municipal wharf and free to the public, and five others may be used for a nominal wharfage charge. Twelve of the wharves have direct connection with the Pennsylvania Railroad. The facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The deepening and straightening of the channel have facilitated the movement of water-borne commerce. The effect on freight rates is not known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-A survey of the improved channel was made in August and September, 1929, at a cost of $1,593.64, chargeable to maintenance, the expenditures being the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 60 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The remaining portion includes the dredging of the section commencing about 225 feet above the county (Penn's Neck) highway bridge to the fixed highway bridge at Salem. There is no present demand for improvement of this section. The controlling depths at mean low water on June 30, 1930, were as follows: From Delaware River across Salem Cove, 8.8 feet; thence through the cut-off, 10.4 feet; thence to Penn's Neck Bridge, 12.1 feet; and thence to the fixed highway bridge at Salem, 2.3 feet. The total expenditures and costs of the work under the existing project are as follows: Utates Contrib- funds New work__.... .--------------------------------------------- $51, 825. 09 $51, 85. 10 $103, 650. 19 Maintenance ---------- ----------------- ------------------,174.91----- ------ 3,174.91 Total ............................... ............-------------------------------------------- 55,000.00 51, 825. 10 106,825. 10 Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 5 to 9 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of fuel oil, slag, fertilizer, and glass. The commodities 11714---ENG 1930-----26 400 RFPOR rOF 95 I-F OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1:930 were carried by motor vessels, barges, and lighters. The decrease in tonnage was due mainly to decreased receipts of fuel oil. The in- crease in value was due to increased traffic in high-priced commodities. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925. _----_------------__ 16, 977 $405, 513 1928 ...--------------------- 18, 046 $330, 541 1926_.. . ._-__----------- 25, 655 326, 715 1929---------------------16, 970 907, 796 1927--------------------- 18, 507 326, 431 Cost and finaneial summnary Cost of new work to June 30, 19301------------------------- $107, 634. 43 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 - __-- - __-___--... _____ 51, 174. 91 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930__-- ____-_ 158, 809. 34 Net total expenditures ___-------------------- 158, 809. 34 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------- 158, 809. 34 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--.........-------------------------------------- .. $69, 211. 24 -$17,386.15 -.......... Cost of maintenance..............-------------------- $783. 35 --------------------- 1,581.27 $1, 593.64 Total cost------------------------ 783. 35 -------- 69, 211. 24 -15, 804. 88 1, 593. 64 Total expended---------------783.35 .......----------... 65,000.00 -11, 593.64 1, 593.64 Allotted .. ...--................. --.. -... $65, 000. 00- .. ......---.......--- .. --10, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 __-------------------------- $11, 593.64 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment ____-______-- 10, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for--------------------------1, 593. 64 Gross amount expended ---- ------------------------------- 1, 593. 64 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project '- ----------------------- 36, 000. 00 8. ALLOWAY CREEK, N. J. Location and de8cription.-Thiscreek rises in Salem County, N. J., flows southwesterly 15 miles, and empties into the Delaware River about 47 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is 60 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 14 miles. At the mouth and at Quinton the high-water widths are 260 feet and 102 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 245 feet and 90 feet. (See U. S.' Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 294.) Origina condition.-The channel was narrow, tortuous, and ob- structed by numerous shoals, over which there were low-water depths of 4 feet in the lower part and 2 feet in the upper part of the stream. The minimum usable low-water depth was 1.3 feet. Vessels of moder- ate draft were required to wait for high tide. The head of navigation 1 In addition local interests contributed $51,825.10, which was expended for new work. SIn addition local interests are to contribute an equal amount. RIVERS AND HARBORS--WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 401 for small craft was the highway bridge at Quinton. The length of the navigable portion was 101/2 miles. Previous proects.--None. Emisting project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water beginning at Fosters Bottle, 1 mile above the mouth, where a cut-off was provided, which shortened the distance 1 mile, thence upstream to Quinton, a distance of 8 miles, 75 feet wide to a point 1,000 (feet above Upper Hancock Bridge, and thence 60 feet wide to Quinton, including dikes at "The Square," and above Upper Han- cock Bridge, and an increased width at "The Canal" to 150 feet between low-water lines. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 6 feet, at Hancock Bridge 5 feet, and at Quinton 4 feet. The ex- treme range of tide is from about 1 foot below mean low water to about 2 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1890, was $25,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of mainte- nance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of September 19, 1890 (H. Doc. No. 60, 51st Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1890, p. 910), provided for all fea- tures except the dike above Upper Hancock Bridge, which was added in 1896, and the cut-off at Fosters Bottle, which was provided for by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907. There is no published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-As required by law, all land needed for the cut-off at Fosters Bottle was furnished by local interests free of cost to the United States, title to the land having been approved by the Department of Justice July 30, 1908. Terminal facilities.-There are five pile and timber wharves on this stream. All are privately owned, but may be used by the public free of charge when not in use by owners. Two wharves have direct connection with the Pennsylvania Railroad. The facilities are ade- quate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Shipment of perishable freight has been greatly facilitated by elimination of a wagon haul of 5 to 6 miles to the railroad station. The effect on freight rates is not known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1909, at a saving of $3,602 under the estimated cost. The controlling depths at mean low'water on June 30, 1930, were as follows: From Delaware River to the mouth, 4.1 feet; thence to Hancocks Bridge, 1.8 feet; thence to Upper Hancocks Bridge, 3.9 feet; and thence to Quinton, 3.4 feet. The costs of the existing project to date are $21,- 397.73 for new work and $33,002.27 for maintenance, a total of $54.400, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. 402 iREPO'R O' OI IE' XoENGINEER, UiiS.. ARMY 1980o Comme rcia1 ttitio,---The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 6 to 8 feet. The commodities of commerce consisted of coal, boxes and crates, tin cans, and fertilizer, and were carried by motor vessels. The increase in value was, chiefly due to increased receipts of high- priced commodities. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value ......-------------. 2,100 1925..............-- $50, 127 1928.----------------------- 880 $54, 890 .....------ 2, 454 1926---------------........... 76, 037 832 57,670 1929..........---------------------....... 1927.........---------------------- 665 25,895 Cost and lftnan~ia summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $21, 397. 73 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 33, 002. 27 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--- ----------- 54, 400. 00 Net total expenditures----------- _-- ----------- - 54, 400. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------------- 54, 400. 00 Fiscal year ending iune 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work-------------------------------- Cost of maintenance---------------------$271. 14 $1, 500. 00 $400. 00 Total expended_ ___ 271.14 1,500.00 400.00 ------------ .-- Allotted------------------- ---------- I------- 400.00 9. COHANS1Y RIVER,. N. J. Location and desoription.--Thisriver rises in Salem County, N. J., flows southerly and southwesterly through' Cumberland County 261 miles, and empties into the Delaware Bay about 62 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The dciainage area is 91 square miles. No infor- mnatin is available as 1o the discharge. of this stream. The length of the tidal reach 'is a out 1714'miles. At the mouth and at Bridge- ton the high-water widths are 750 feet and 70 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 700 feet and 70 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1218.) Original condition.--The channel was narrow and tortuous, ob- structed by a broad mud bar at the mouth, without a well-defined channel, over which was a low-water depth of about 5 feet. The channel through and below the city of Bridgeton was obstructed by numerous shoals and by the gas and water mains, which were laid only 4 feet below low water. The depths did not meet the demands of commerce, as vessels were required to wait for high tide. The mihimum usable low-water depth was 3.5 feet. The head of naviga- tion was at the fixed bridge at Bridgeton. The length of the navi- gable portion was 20 miles. Previous projects.--The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1873, and was modified in 1879. The cost and expenditures on previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1907) 'were $36,000 for new work. For scope of previous projects see page 1785 Annual Report for 1915. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 4 Eisting projet,--This provides for a channel about 2,000 feet long through a neck of land at the mouth, 7 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide, from Delaware Bay to Cohansey River, and for a channel:7 feet deep, 100 feet wide, from Stony Point to Broad Street, Bridgeton, a distance of 6,000 feet; thence 75 feet wide to Commerce Street Bridge, a distance of 740 feet, and thence 60 feet wide to the Nail Works Bridge, a distance of 900 feet. The sections of the river included in the project are the cut-off at the mouth and the upper liver from Stony Point to the Nail Works Bridge, a total distance of 1.8 miles. The cut-off at the mouth shortened the distance between the mouth and Bridgeton 3 miles. The mean range of tide is 51/2 feet at the mouth and 7 feet at Bridgeton. The extreme range of tide is from 2 feet below mean low water to 3 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1905, was $55,800, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of mainte- nance is $4,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 645, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in that document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The land required for the cut-off at the mouth, which was provided for by law as part of the project of improve- ment, was voluntarily conveyed to the. United States free of cost, title having been approved by-the Department of Justice September 21, 1910. Terminal facilities.-There are 23 wharves along this stream, 2 of which are of concrete and the remainder of pile and timber con- struction. One wharf is publicly owned and open free to the public use. The remaining 22 wharves are privately owned, of which 5 are open to the general public use upon payment of a nominal wharfage charge, and 17 are open free to the public use. Most of the wharves have direct connection with either the Pennsylvania Railroad or the Central Railroad of New Jersey. The terminals are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has facilitated and expedited shipments of fruits and other merchandise. The effect on freight rates is not known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress, and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of filcal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1912, at a saving of $7,221 under the estimated cost. The controlling depths at mean low water on June 30, 1930, were as follows: From Delaware Bay to Stony Point 8.8 feet; thence to Broad Street Bridge, Bridgeton, 5.1 feet; thence to Commerce Street Bridge, 3 feet; and thence to the Nail Works Bridge, 1.6 feet. The costs of the existing project to date are $48,578.89 for new work and $57,521.11 for maintenance, a total of $106,100, the total expen- ditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year'1932. 4AM REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGIEEERS, U. S. AlRMYi, 1930 Com m roa :tati8tis.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 5 of 8 feet. The commerce for the calendar year consisted prin- ~pally of oysters, coal, tomatoes,,fuel oil, and fertilizer. The com- modities were carried by motor vessels, barges, lighters, and auxil- iary schooners. The decrease in tonnage and the marked decrease in vklue was due principally to the reduced receipts of oysters, and the general decrease of commodities of high value. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925- ------------------- 370 $697,306 1928---------------------- 24, 27, 344 $986, 396 1926..-------------------- 961 25, 714,973 1929---------------------- 22, 122 485, 739 1927 _...................__ 787 29, 668,615 Cost and financial sumzmnary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $84, 578.89 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ -------------------------- 57, 521.11 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-----------142, 100.00 Net total expenditures--------------- -------------------- 142, 100.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_ -------------------- 142, 100. 00 Fiscal .year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work--------------------- Cost of maintenance------------------------------.... $189. 23 $712. 53 $25, 057. 60-.. Total expended_________. .. . .... 189.23 712.53 25,057.60 ______ Allotted..._----------- _.... 10, 000. 00 6, 800. 00 8, 000.00(oo...... 10. MAURICE RIVER, N. J. Location and description.-This river rises in Gloucester County, N. J., flows southerly and southwesterly through Cumberland County 321/2 miles, and empties into Delaware Bay through Maurice Cove, about 89 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is 377 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 24 miles. At the mouth and at Millville the high-water widths are 1,500 feet and 165 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 1,200 feet and 135 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1218.) OQ4iginal condition.-The channel was obstructed by a mud bar through the cove at the entrance and numerous shoals in the upper 4 miles of the river. The channel across the bar at the mouth was not well defined. Over it was a depth of 5 feet. At French Bar, 20 miles above the mouth, the depth was 4 feet, and at Millville, the head of navigation, 24 miles above the mouth, it was about 2 feet. The mini- nmitm isable low-water depth was 2 feet. The depths did not meet the demands of commerce, as large craft had to wait for high tide. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882. It was modified in 1890, and again in 1892. The cost and expenditures on previous projects prior to the :adbption of the existing project (expenditures On which began in RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON 'DEL., DISTRICT 4 1910) were $43,000 for new work. For scope of previous projects see page 1785, annual report for 1915. Existing projeot.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water across the bar at the mouth in Maurice, Cove and up to the head of navigation at Millville, including a turning basin at the upper end the width across the bar at the mouth and in the river to Millville drawbridge to be 100 feet and 60 feet thence to the mill- dam. The sections of the river included in the project are from the 7-foot contour in the Delaware Bay to the 7-foot contour in the mouth of Maurice River, a distance of 3 miles, and from French Bar, 3 1/ miles below Miliville drawbridge, upstream to the milldam, a distance of 4 miles. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 5 feet and at Millville 6 feet. The extreme tidal range is from 1 foot below mean low water to 1 foot above mean high water. The esti- mate of cost for new work, made in 1906, is $156,200, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. No estimate for annual maintenance has been made. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 664, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in that document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 42 pile and timber wharves, 5 ship- yards, and 4 marine railways located on Maurice Ri er, and most of these have direct railroad connection. At Bivalve and Maurice River, N. J., there is a continuous wharfage, with direct railroad connec- tions running parallel to the wharves. One wharf is publicly owned and open free to public use. The remaining 41 wharves are privately owned, of which 32 are open to the general public use upon payment of moderate wharfage and 9 are for private use. The terminals are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Larger boats can now be used, and there is less dependence upon the tide by both the sand barges and oyster boats. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.--A survey to ascer- tain the condition of the channel across Maurice River Cove was made in May, 1930, at a cost of $1,015.80 for maintenance. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 57 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The remaining portion is the deepening of the channel across the flats to project depth of 7 feet at mean low water from the angle on the north edge of the white sector of East Point Light to the 7-foot curve in Delaware Bay and dredging to project dimensions of a short section of the channel in the upper river. The controlling depths at mean low water were as follows: From Delaware Bay to the mouth, 6.5 feet (June 30, 1930); thence through Frenchs Bar, 5.7 feet; thence to Millville drawbridge, 5.5 feet; and thence to the mill dam, 2.8 feet (November, 1929). The costs of the existing project to date are $89,029.87 for new work and $46,860.93 for maintenance, a total of $135,890.80. The total expendi- tures were $134,875. 6 T OFORCIES OJ ENGIEBE REPOR . S A3MY, 1930 Proposed operatio2e.-4It is proposed to apply 'the funds unex- pended June 30, 1930, to maintenance dredging, under contract, as Dredging at the mouth' (August to September, 1930), 60,000 cubic yards, at 30 cents----------- -------- --------------------------- $18, 000 Dredging at upper bars (October to December, 1930), 30,000 cubic yards, at 40 cents --------- --------------------------------- 12, 000 Engineering, overhead, and contingencies-____------------------- 3, 000 Total----- ---------------------------------------- 33, 000 The funds will be expended at the rate of approximately $6,000 per month and will probably be exhausted by December 31, 1930. As there is no present need for completing the remaining portion of the existing project, and since the work to be done in the fiscal year 1931 will restore the channel to a satisfactory condition, no funds for new work or maintenance can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Comenercial statistics. The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 5 to 10 feet. The principal iteins of commerce for the calendar year consisted of oysters, oyster shells, logs, sand, and gravel. The com- modities were carried by motor vessels, auxiliary schooners, and barges. The increase in tonnage and value was due to a general increase in receipts and shipments of the principal commodities. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925 -------------------- 156, 405 $2,247,112 1928...............--------------------- 191,779 $2, 909,230 1926 -------------------- 213, 677 3,130,316 1929---------------------270, 889 3,264,479 1927 -------------------- 193, 921 2, 389, 824 Cost and finanoial suwmnnary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_------- ------------ __ $132, 029. 87 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------ __-__- ___ ______ 46,860. 93 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 178, 890. 80 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930. - ----- _ 015. 80 -1,1------- Net total expenditures ------------------------------- 177, 875. 00 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930______________ ____________ 33, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 190-------------- 210, 875.00 Fiscal year ehding June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.. .........-------------------------- ------ $165.00 $24,910.67 1- Cost of maintenance.....--------------------- $294.06 $49. 79 299. 33------------1, 015. 80 Total cost.......------------------------- 294. 06 49. 79 464. 33 24. 910. 67 1,015. 80 Total,xpended.. --- .._-- ---- -- "294.0l6 49. 79 375. 00 25, 000. 0 00 ,_0.00 -- Allotted....'-------- - --- ---..-- , -- 15,875. 00 10, 000. 00 33, 000.0 Amount allotted from Wa~ Bepartnent appr lpreltion act approved Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-- -------------- -- -,--- 33, 000 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - ---- - - existing project - - ___ - _ __- - - - - 67,000 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND IIHARBOB -WIEMNGTOF DEL.tDISTRICT 407 11.1:COLD SPRING INLET, N. J. Location and de criptio.---This inlet is located in Cape May County, southern New Jersey, about 3 miles east of Cape May city and about 16 miles northeast of Delaware Breakwater. The inlet connects Cold Spring Harbor with the Atlantic Ocean and is about 1 mile in length. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1219.) Original condition.-There was a variable channel leading from the ocean through the inlet to a natural basin inside, which was about, 6 feet deep and 60 acres in area. The entrance was obstructed by a shifting sand bar lying about one-half mile outside, with a depth over it of about 2 feet at low water, but in the gorge of the inlet there was a depth of 29 feet. The vessels using the inlet were necessarily of small draft and were required to wait for high tide, Previous projects.-None. Eaisting project.-This provides for a channel 25 feet deep at mean low water and 400 feet wide through the inlet, a distance of 1 mile, protected by two parallel jetties 700 feet or more apart. The east jetty is a rubble mound 4,548 feet long. The. west jetty is 4,410 feet long, of which 2,000 feet at the inner end is of stpne-filled pile and timber construction and the outer 2,410 feet is a rubble mound. The mean range of tide is 41/2 feet and the extreme tidal range is very great, due to storms at sea. the extent of which has not been recorded. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1906, was $1,311,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 388, 59th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the annual report for 1911, page 1382. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-In compliance with law, the Cape May Real Estate Co. contributed $100,000 toward the cost of the unprovement and assumed the work of deepening and enlarging the inner harbor. They also contributed the necessary land and right of way fbr the shore ends of the jetties, for lighthouses, for the establishment of a life-saving station, and for a depot for the United States Engineer Department. All cooperation has been completed, except the work of deepening and enlarging the inner harbor, which is only 80 per cent completed. Terminal facilities.-There are 25 wharves or landings, 1 coaling pier, and 2 marine railways served by this waterway, including those owned by the Navy Department. The wharves are indirectly con- nected with two railroad systems and are adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-There is an increased use of the inlet by commercial and fishing interests and as a harbor of refuge. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results- during the fleal year.--A survey of the channel between the jetties was made in July and August, 1929, and an examination of the channel in May, 1930, at a cost of $943,79 for maintenance. The total exPenditures were $93092. -408 rPod O EIr a F :CO NQITEE RS, U 8 AXM:B3190.s Condition at end of-fsoal year.-The project was completed in 1917, at a saving of $331,725 under the estimated cost. The con- trolling depth at mean low water in August, 1929, was 17 feet from the Atlantic Ocean to the inner limit of the project, from whidh point but 13 feet could be carried to Schellengers Landing. The -cdsts of the existing project to date are $879,274.62 for new work and $281,800.01 for maintenance, a total of $1,161,074.63 from United States funds. The total expenditures were $1,161,061.76. In addi- tion $100,000 was expended for new work from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1930 ($638.24) to payment of outstanding obliga- tions, and to an examination of the channel and the jetties. The funds will probably be exhausted by July 31, 1930. It is not believed that any additional work will be required during the fiscal year 1932, and no funds can, therefore, be profitably ex- pended during that year. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 5 to 16 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of coal, gasoline, fish, and ice. The commodities were carried by steamers, motor vessels, and barges. The decrease in tonnage and value were chiefly due to decreased receipts of fish. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925 ....-- -... 52, 240 $1, 090,100 70, 500 1928- __.. 19, 944 $941, 831 80, 000 1926......... 10, 120 466, 827 48, 000 1929_-------_ -- 14, 626 786, 025 50, 000 1927........---------- 12, 068 482, 822 61, 400 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------- $879, 274. 62 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------281, 800. 01 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------1, 161, 074. 68 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-----------_---12. 87 Net total expenditures_-------- _-------- _1, 161, 061. 76 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--......----.---------.------------ 638. 24 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------- 1,161, 700.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work. ........ . Cost of maintenance----------------- -- $2, 427.01 $63, 883. 54 $2, 309. 14 $487. 43 $943. 79 ----------------- -- Total expended... ,.. 2,427.01 63,883.54 2, 309. 14 487.43 930.92 Allotted--------.---------... ----------- 40, 000.00 ,..---------19,500.00- Balawce unexpended July 1, .- 929--.-----..---------- - .$1, 569.16 dross amount expended------------------------------------- 930. 92 Baliance unexpended June 30, 1930,_ ----------------------- . 638.24 1 In addition to this amount $100,000 of contributed funds were expended on this work. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON. DEL, DISTRICT 409 12. ABSECON INLET, N. J. Location and description.-This inlet is located on the coast of New Jersey, about 65 miles north of Delaware Breakwater, between Brigantine Beach on the north and Absecon Beach on the south. It is about three-fourths mile wide and 1 mile long and forms the entrance to the harbor at Atlantic City, N. J. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1217.) Original condition.-The entrance channel was variable in depth and position, owing to its being obstructed by a bar of shifting sand. There was a low-water depth of about 7 feet over the bar, while the channel inside was about 600 feet wide, with ample depth of water. Navigation was prohibited for large-draft vessels on account of the variable depths and unsafe conditions in stormy weather. Previous project.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, and provided for obtaining and maintaining by dredging for a period of five years a channel through the inlet 12 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide, the ques- tion of continuing the improvement to be then determined in the light of the commerce developed. The project was completed in 1916. The cost and expenditure upon the previous project prior to begin- ning work on the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1923) were $226,496.89 for new work and $235,785.61 for mainte- nance, a total of $462,282.50. Ex1 sting project.-This provides for obtaining and maintaining by dredging an entrance channel 20 feet deep at mean low water and 400 feet wide. The length of channel included in the project is 1 mile. The mean range of tide is 41/2 feet. The extreme range of tide, due to ocean storms, is very great, but its full extent is not known. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $500,- 000, and the latest (1922) estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $50,000. It is provided in the project that should the channel at any time have a deleterious effect on the Atlantic City beach, work upon the improvement may cease, it being understood that the proj- ect is adopted on the basis that the interests of the beach in front of the city are superior to those of the inlet. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 375, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is contained in the. annual report for 1887, page 818. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Authorities of Atlantic City voluntarily un- dertook some experimental work of harrowing the crest of the bar with a view of deepening the channel, but without any definite results. Extensive improvements have been made to the inner harbor by the city authorities. Terminal facilities.-There are nine wharves served by this im- provement, one of which is of concrete and eight are of pile and timber construction. One is Government owned, six are privately owned and open to the general public use upon payment of moderate wharfage, and two are publicly owned. Three of the wharves have direct railroad connection. There is also a continuous line of piers or landing places for pleasure craft on both sides of the large basins 40 REPOT OF OIOFOHIF OF.ENGINEERS~ U, S. ARMY, 1930 which indent the south shore of the inner channel. There are three shipyards at this locality; also three marine railways. The facili- ties are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-This improvement provides at present facilities for the entrance of a large number of pleasure boats and fishing craft. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No active opera- tions were in progress. The 1929 annual examination of the chan- nel, in progress at the close of the previous fiscal year, was com- pleted July 24, 1929. The annual examination for 1930 was com- menced June 16, 1930, and was in progress at the close of the fiscal year. The cost of these examinations during the fiscal year was $2,089.42 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $2,765.23. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 43 per cent completed. The work yet to be done to complete the project is to continue dredging the channel to project dimensions across the ocean bar. The controlling depth at mean low water on July 24, 1929, was 11.7 feet in the channel across the inlet bar. The costs of the existing project to date are $214,977.06 for new work and $7,721.95 for maintenance, a total of $222,699.01. The total expenditures were $223,279.42. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1930 ($335.18), to payment of outstanding obliga- tions. The funds will probably be exhausted by July 31, 1930. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics. The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 6 to 12 feet. The principal items of commerce consisted of gasoline and oils, fish, and fertilizer materials. The commodities were car- ried by motor vessels, tankers, and barges. The increase in tonnage and value was chiefly due to the increased receipts of gasoline and fuel oil. Comparative statement Calendaryear Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925...---------..... 21,792 $695, 000. 115, 000 1928---------- 44, 641 $1, 197, 680 75, 000 1926-- 9, 545 443, 177 75, 000 1929-------- 48, 017 1, 507, 194 75, 000 1927 --...--- 22, 99 826, 866 80, 000 Cost and financial sum'mary Cost of new work to June 30, 19830-__---------- -- ___-__ $441, 473. 95 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------ 243, 507. 56 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ------------ 684, 981. 51 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930--------- - 915.59 Net total cost to June 30, 1980___.--- _-- --- - 685, 897. 10 Minus aceounts payable Jmne 30,° 190.- ------------------- --- 335. 18 Net total expenditures------------------------- -- 685, 561. 92 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------- 335. 18 Total amount apgopriated to June 30, 1930- -------- 685, 897. 10 RIVERS AND1) HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 411 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--. - $8,550.68 --- .----------------- _--------.------------$191, 66 ......-------...- Cost of maintenance-..----------------------------. $5,672. 89 $300.48 -8. 22 $2,089. 42 Total cost--...............----------------------.......... 8, 550. 68 5, 672. 39 360. 48 -199. 88 2, 089. 42 Total expended---..---------------------.. 8, 550. 68 5, 672. 39 360. 48 -89, 215. 20 2, 765. 23 Allotted----------------- -------------------------------- -- 418.52 -86,114.79 ... Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------- $3, 100. 41 Gross amount expended------------- -- ---- ------- ------- 2, 765..23 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------- 335. 18 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1- --- ------- ------- 285, 000.00 13. ABSECON CREEK, N. J. Location and description.-This creek rises in and flows easterly 5 miles through Atlantic County, N. J., emptying into Absecon Bay about 5 miles northwest of Atlantic City. It has a drainage area of about 26 square miles. No information is available as to the dis- charge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 3 miles. The width at the mouth is 280 feet and at Absecon 80 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1217.) Original condition.-The channel was tortuous, obstructed by numerous shoals and near its head by ruins of an old dam. There was an available low-water depth of 1 foot across Absecon Bay and 31/2 feet in the creek. The minimum usable low-water depth was six- tenths of a foot. The head of navigation is the fixed highway bridge at Absecon, a distance of about 2 miles from the mouth. Previoas projects.-None. Ewisting project.-This provides for a channel 5 feet deep at mean low water 80 feet wide from deep water in Absecon Bay across the flats to the mouth of the creek, a distance of 1 mile, thence 50 feet wide to the highway bridge at Absecon village, a farther distance of 2 miles, including a turning basin at the head of navigation. The mean range of tide is 4 feet. The extreme range of tide is from 1 foot below mean low water to about 1 foot above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1911, was $15,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 71, 62d Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in that document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 4 pile and timber wharves and landings on this stream, 3 of which are privately and 1 publicly owned, but all open to public use. None have direct railroad con- nections. The facilities are adequate for existing commerce, (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doe. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) 1Ezclusive of available funds. , 412 REPORT; OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 19 3 0 Effect of improvement.--At the completion of the project the channel was navigable for deeper draft vessels at all stages of the tide, but rapid shoaling makes frequent dredging for maintenance necessary, in order to provide a permanent channel and allow free movement of vessels. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1913 at a saving of $3,065 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth at mean low water on December 17, 1929, across the flats in Absecon Bay to the mouth was 3.2 feet, and thence to the highway bridge at Absecon, 2.8 feet. The costs of the existing project to date are $11,934.96 for new work and $37,765.04 for maintenance, a total of $49,700, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and. acccrdingly, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. 'Commercial statisties. -The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 3 to 5 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of oysters, oyster shells, clams, and bay cabbage. The comminodities were carried by motor vessels. The decrease in ton- nage and value 'was, due principally to decreased receipts of clams and oysters, and the absence of shipments of coal and gravel. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925.: ------------------ 19, 426 $455, 629 1928------------------..... 4,737 $129, 325 1926.----.----.---------- 6, 505 144, 125 1929---..... -- -------- 2, 103 58, 755 1927. .------------------- 8,775 228, 145 Cost and fminciat summary Oo t of new work to June 30,' 1930-________,___ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------ L __ $11, 934. 96 37, 765. 04 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----_____-_ 49, 700. 00 Net total ependitures-----------------------------------------49, 700. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30; 1930-__-__-----------_ 49, 700. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 , 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.. . . . ..-...-. . . .. . . . . . Cost of maintenance-----------------j--- $9, 837. 57_--_---------$880. 05 $14, 119.95 --------- Total expended ..-------------............. 9, 837. 57---------- ............ 880. 05 14, 119. 95 Allotted-------------- --------- ---------- ......................... $7,500.00 4,000. 00 3,500.00.... .------ 14. TUCKERTON CREEK, N. J. Location and descriptio. This creek rises in Ocean County, N. J., fl6ws southeasterly 3 miles, and empties into Little Egg Harbor about 8 miles north of Little Egg Inlet. The drainage area is 14 square miles. No information is available as to. the discharge of RIVERS AND HARBORS---WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 413 this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 2 miles. The width at the mouth is 120 feet and at Tuckerton 50 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1216.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and tortuous and obstructed by a broad bar outside the mouth, over which there was an available channel depth of about 2 feet. Inside the mouth were numerous shoals with available channel depths ranging from 4 to 1/2 feet. The minimum usable low-water depth was 1.2 feet. The waterway was navigable for small boats as far as Tuckerton mill- dam, a distance of 2 miles, but moderate-draft vessels were detained at the mouth awaiting: high water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water, 80 feet wide from the head of Marchelder Channel in Little Tuckerton Bay, about 11 miles to the mouth of the creek; thence up the creek, 75 feet wide, 1 mile to Parkers Landing; thence 60 feet wide five-eighths mile to West Tuckerton Landing; thence 5 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide three-eighths mile to just above Scow Landing; and thence 3 feet deep at mean low water and 40 feet wide one-eighth mile to the milldam at Tuckerton. The length of the section included in the project is about 31/2 miles. The mean range of tide throughout the creek is 2 feet. The extreme range of tide, due to winds, is from 1 foot below mean low water to 1 foot above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1900, was $61,380. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 274, 56th Cong., 1st sess.); the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, substituted for the channel from the mouth of the creek to Gaunts Point a channel from the mouth of the creek across Little Tuckerton Bay to the head of Marchelder Channel. (The latest published map is in H. Doc. No. 1040, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Consent by the owner of property at the mouth of the stream was given to the cutting off of the point of land. Terminal facilities.-There are 12 wharves of ordinary pile and timber construction, of which 4 are public and 1 privately owned, open to free public use; and 7 are private landings suitable for oyster trade. The wharves have indirect connection with the rail- road. The wharfage facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation is permitted at all stages of tide, thereby facilitating the movement of freight boats. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress and no expenditures were made. •Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1925 at a saving of $1,138 under the. estimated cost. The control- ling depths at mean low water on December 16, 1929, were as fol- lows: Across the bay outside the mouth, 3.8 feet; thence to Parkers Landing, 4.3 feet; thence to Scow Landing, 5.2 feet, and thence to 414 RL REPORT OF OXI OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 the milldam at Tuekerton, 3.2 feet. The costs of the existing project to date are $60,242.16 for new work and $103,137.84 for maintenance, a total of $163,380; the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.--No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 3 to 6 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of oysters, clams, oyster shells, and piling, and were car- ried by motor vessels. The increase in tonnage and valuation was chiefly due to the increased receipts of oysters and clams. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Qalendar year . Short tons Value . 1925--------------------..... ............. $758, 665 .::-------------------8.I 4i10,,4405 $86,30 ......-..-- ....... 9"-.,.-----------....... 3, 791 3332 ,9,33: 1, 092,:380 oast amnd financidl sUimnary Cost of new work to June 80, 1930----- $60, 242. 16 Cost of maisatenanee to June 80, 1930--------- --------------- 103, 137. 84 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 163, 380. 00 Net 'otal expenditures-. .-------------------------------- 163, 380. 00 Total mout-approp ed to June ZQ, 1930 ---------- . _ 163,380. 00 Pisc l year-ending 'une 80 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Coat of new work... .------------..-----------.-----. Cost of maintenance--............-------..---------...... $18,892. 06 $7.30 $954.40 $35,077.88 ....------- Total expended.....---...........--------------------..... .. 18892.06 7.30 949.07 35,083.21 ......... Allotted 6, 500..00 ...............---------------------------- 7,500.00 - 20,000.00 7, 500.00 -. 15. -TOMS RIVER, N. 7J. tLoa6 oand dCsoription.-Thisriver rises in Ocean County, N. J., flows easterly 19 miles, and empties into Barnegat Bay about 11 miles north of Barnegat Inlet. The drainage area is 166 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 101/2 miles. At the lower end of the project the width is 1,000 feet, and at the two bridges over the Forks near the village of Toms River 50 and 75 feet, respectively. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1216.) Orig inra andition.--The channel was narrow and obstructed by numerous shoals in the upper section. 'The controlling depth was 5 feet for4 miles and12 feet to the village of Toms River, the head of naviatmon, 5 mmiles above 'the mouth. Prevwus proect.-None. Eisting project.-This provides for a channel 5 feet deep at mean low water, 100 feet wide from deep water in the river up to the Forks, RIVERS AND HIARBORS-WaMLINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 415 a distance of 2,900 feet, and thence the full widths of the two branches, respectively, 400 feet and 600 feet, to the bridges at Toms River. The length of the section included in the project is about 3,500 feet, and the lower end is about 41/3 miles from the mouth. The mean range of tide is about 6 inches; the extreme tidal range is about 18 inches. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1907, was $10,050. The latest (1907) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 346, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1891, page 1116. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 7 wharves and 2 marine railways on this river, of which 5 wharves are of pile and timber and 2 of concrete construction. Six wharves are publicly and one privately owned. The latter is open to public use upon payment of moderate wharfage. There is indirect railroad connection with several of the wharves. The wharfage facilities are adequate for the existing coim- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Increased transportation facilities are afforded, resulting in a large increase of traffic, particularly of pleasure craft and passenger business. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress, and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year--The project was completed in 1911. The controlling depths at mean low water on December 16, 1929, were as follows: In the north fork, 2.9 feet to the junction of the north and south forks, and thence to the mouth, 4.8 feet. The State of New Jersey has built, under War Department permit, a fixed bridge across the entrance to the south fork, and has dredged an anchorage below the bridge. The costs of the existing project to date are $10,050 for new work and $5,200 for maintenance, a total of $15,250, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operaitions.--No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfastory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics. The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 3 to 5 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of gasoline and oils, provisions, and general merchandise and were carried by motor vessels. The decrease in tonnage and value was principally due to the absence of shipments of building material. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925-.......... 807 $160, 720 20, 484 1928 ..... .. 685 $174, 920 2, 193 1926___.... 826 226, 075 17, 831 1929 ____.. 497 162, 825 11, 473 1927 - . 712 172, 100 9, 696 S1714---ENG 1930---27 416 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 8 0 Cost and finz~acia summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-- ---------------------------- $10, 050 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 --------------------- 5, 200 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------------- 15, 250 Net total expenditures- ----------- -------------------------- 15, 250 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-- 5,250 1--------------------- Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ......------------------------------------------------------------------ Cost of maintenance--- - - --------------- $6. 52 $919. 48 $0. 50 Total expended------...............------------........ 6.52 919.48 .50 ....... Allotted -... ......................... -- 3,800.00 ---...------ 1.......... 16. CHESTER RIVER, PA. Location and description.-This river rises in Chester County, Pa., flows southeasterly 22 miles, and empties into the Delaware River at the city of Chester, Pa. The drainage area is 67 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal.reach is about 4 miles. At the mouth the high and low water widths are 100 feet and 75 feet, respectively. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 295.) Original condition.- The entrance was obstructed by a bar of soft material, over which there was a channel depth of 4 feet at mean low water. Inside the entrance the waterway was navigable for large craft of 6 feet draft as far as the fixed bridge at Third Street, a dis- tance of 1,600 feet above the mouth. Navigation was limited to barges upstream from the low, fixed bridge to Upland, a farther dis- tance of about 2 miles. The minimum usable depth was 3 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. Resumption of the work of main- tenance was authorized by Congress in the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916. The cost and expenditure on previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1919) were $6,062.98, $6,000 being for new work and $62.98 for maintenance. For scope of previous projects see page 430, Annual Report for 1918. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide from the Delaware River to the Phila- delphia & Reading Railroad bridge, and thence 50 feet wide to Sec- ond Street Bridge, Chester, Pa. The length of the section included in the project is about 1,000 feet. The mean range of tide is 6 feet and the extreme range is about 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1911, is $3,600, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1911) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $550. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 677, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in that document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 13 wharves on this stream, 1 of which is of concrete construction and open to public use; the others RIVERS AND HARBORS--WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 417 are of pile and timber construction, privately owned, and are open to public use upon the payment of moderate wharfage. They are indirectly connected with two railroad lines. The terminal facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-No work has been done on the existing project and no information is available as to the effect of the im- provement under the previous project, which was completed in 1883. Operations and results during the fiscal year.--No operations were in progress and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The previous project was com- pleted in 1883. No dredging has been done under the existing project. The controlling depths at mean low water on June 30, 1930, were as follows: From the Delaware River to the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad bridge, 4.3 feet, and thence to Second Street Bridge, Chester, 3 feet. The total cost of the existing project to date is $587.28 for maintenance, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. There is no present demand for the completion of this project, the channel being in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of exist- ing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 4 to 8 feet. The commodities of commerce for the calendar year con- sisted of coal, farm produce, and empty baskets. The commodities were carried by motor vessels and barges. The decrease in tonnage and valuation was due principally to the decrease in receipts of coal and farm produce. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925 - _.......-- -.... .___ _ 3, 488 $136,266 1928_-____..........-__- 3, 464 $70,156 -- 1926- - ................ 4, 468 123,823 1929___............ .- 935 39, 490 1927. .............. ... 4, 391 96, 445 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 -------------------------- $6, 000. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------- 650.24 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---_--- 6-,650.26 Net total expenditures________ __-_______________ 6, 65.26 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------------__ - 6, 650. 26 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.. Cost of maintenance___...... _- __ ----- $88.23------ ----- $250.00.................. Total expended.....--------------------- 88.23 ------------ 250. 00 Allotted-------------------------------------------------- 250.00--------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of ex- isting project-------- ------------------------------------ 3,00 418 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 17. WILMINGTON HARBOR, DEL. Location and description.-This harbor is formed by the Chris- tiana River, which rises in New Castle County, Del., .flows north- easterly 16 miles, passing through the city of Wilmington, Del., and empties into the Delaware River about 29 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is about 523 square miles. The mean tidal discharge at low-water stages at the mouth, from observations made in 1895, is 6,794 second-feet, and the mean tidal discharge at high- water stages at the same locality is 7,760 second-feet. The length of the tidal reach is about 16 miles. At the mouth and at Christiana village the high-water widths are 1,000 feet and 60 feet; the low- water widths at the same points are 750 feet and 50 feet. About 11/2 miles above its mouth it is joined by the Brandywine River, which is navigable for about a mile. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 294.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and irregular, ob- structed by a bar at the mouth and by numerous shoals within the river. The available low-water depth was not sufficient for large draft dommercial boats, which made it necessary to await high tide. The channel depth at the mouth was 81/2 feet at mean low water; at the pulp works, about 4 miles above the mouth, 71/2 feet; at Newport, about 9 miles above the mouth, 5612 feet; and at Christiana village, the head of navigation, 15 miles above the mouth, about 2 feet. Previous projects.-Work was done on the Christiana River from 1836 to 1838. The original project was adopted by act of July 11, 1870, and modified by acts of March 3, 1881, and July 5, 1884. The cost and expenditures on previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1897) were $402,121.21 for new work. For scope of previous projects see page 1785 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.--This provides for a harbor at the mouth of the river with an entrance channel 30 feet deep at mean low water and 400 feet wide, an inner basin of the same depth approximately 4,400 feet long, and averaging 600 feet in width, or about 70 acres in area, and extending upstream from the entrance channel at the mouth of the river to the Lobdell Canal. From the Lobdell Canal the chan- nel extends upstream 21 feet deep at mean low water and 250 feet wide to the mouth of the Brandywine River, a distance of 1.6 miles from the mouth of the Christiana, thence 200 feet wide to the pulp works, 4 miles above the mouth, thence decreasing to a depth of 10 feet to the Philadelphia, Baltimore & Washington Railroad bridge No. 4, thence decreasing to a depth of 7 feet and a width of 100 feet to Newport, Del., 83/4 miles above the mouth; the construction of two jetties at the mouth of the Christiana River and one at the mouth of the Brandywine River. The north jetty is a curved, stone-filled pile and timber crib 2,150 feet long. The jetty at the mouth of the Brandywine is also a stone-filled pile and timber crib V-shaped, 430 feet long on the Brandywine side, and 260 feet long on the Chris- tiana side. The section included in the project is about 9 miles long, including about 1,800 feet outside the mouth. The mean range of tide is 6 feet at the mouth and 5.4 feet at Newport. The extreme range of tide is from 2 feet below mean low water to 31/ feet above mean high water. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 419 The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1930, is $992,200. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $281,000, of which $152,000 is the estimated cost for annual mainte- nance of the 30-foot channel. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 3. 1896, as modified by the act of March 3, 1899, provided for depths of 21, 10, and 7 feet, and for the etties (H. Doc. No. 66, 54th Cong., 1st sess.; Annual Report for 1896, p. 973; and Annual Report for 1897, p. 1250); the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the purchase 6r construction of a dredge and auxil- iaries, including a wharf and depot, for maintenance of the project (H. Doc. No. 359, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 114, 67th Cong., 1st sess.), amended by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925 (S. Com. Print, 68th Cong., 1st sess.), provided for the entrance channel and basin 25 feet deep and construction of new south jetty and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for a depth of 30 feet between the Delaware River and the Lobdell Canal, and authorized the modification or removal of a portion of the north jetty (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 20, 71st Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map of the entire harbor is in House Docu- ment No. 66, Fifty-fourth Congress, first session. A map of the 25-foot section of the harbor is published in House Document No. 114, Sixty-seventh Congress, first session, and of the 30-foot section in Rivers and Harbors Committee Document No. 20, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommended modifieations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-By an act of the Delaware State Legislature, passed March 9, 1901, the city of Wilmington was authorized to con- tribute toward the improvement of Wilmington Harbor to the amount of 10 per cent of the United States Government appropria- tion to an aggregate not exceeding $60,000. This amount has been contributed. The river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922, amended by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925, requires that the city of Wilmington, Del., or other local agency, shall construct the south jetty. This jetty has been constructed for a distance of 460 feet by the city of Wilmington, Del., making, with the original construction by the city, a total of 2,060 feet of concrete bulkhead on the south side of the channel, which also serves for reclamation of land and extension of terminal facilities belonging to the city. There remain yet to be constructed 1,890 feet of this jetty, or bulk- head, but such construction is not considered necessary at the present time. Terminal facilities.-A marine terminal to serve ocean and coast- wise vessels was completed in 1923 by the harbor commission of Wilmington, and consisted of a concrete quay wall about 1,210 feet long, with warehouses and freight-handling devices, and directly connected with all railroads entering the city. In 1929 the com- mission completed an extension of the concrete bulkhead an addi- tional length of 850 feet, which included the reconstruction of 460 feet of the south jetty, referred to under Local cooperation. There is also a practically continuous series of wharves or terminals on both 420 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 sides of the Christiana River from the plant of the American Car & Foundry Co. to the Jessup & Moore Paper Co., a total length of about 2 miles. The harbor facilities consist of wharves, marine railways, dry docks, shipyards, and terminal warehouses equipped with handling appliances. With the exception of one masonry and five concrete all the wharves served by this improvement are of pile and timber construction. Some of the wharves are public and open to general public use; some are public, but leased by periods by private concerns and used exclusively by them; some are private and open to all on equal terms; some are privately owned and used exclusively; and one is owned by the United States, and used in connection with dredge depot. Many of the wharves or terminals have direct railroad and transfer facilities. The facilities are adequate for existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 4, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The transportation of water-borne freight of all classes at rates slightly less than by rail has been facilitated. The increased channel depth at the mouth has made the movement of deep-draft vessels easier and has resulted in increasing the size and draft of vessels utilizing the Wilmington Terminal. The im- provement has facilitated the interchange of freight from water carriage to land carriage, or vice versa. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Under contract dated May 23, 1929, the middle-ground shoal at Market Street Bridge, Wilmington, left after removal of the old center pier fender in constructing the new bascule bridge, and a shoal just above the bridge on the south side of the channel were removed to a depth of 18 feet at mean low water, during the period September 10 to November 7, 1929, 11,301 cubic yards being dredged, at a cost of $7.748.55. The Diesel electric hopper dredge Wm. T. Rossell, of the Phila- delphia district, restored the channel between deep water in the Dela- ware River to the Wilmington Marine Terminal (Lobdells Canal) at six different periods during the year (September 3 to October 5 and December 2 to December 28, 1929; March 18 to 29, April 14 to 19, May 5 to 17, and June 16 to 21, 1930). A total of 1,187,384 cubic yards, bin measurement, or 748,036 cubic yards, place measure- ment, was removed and transported up the Delaware River to Oldmans Point, N. J., or Edge Moor, Del., where it was dumped in specially prepared dumping basins maintained by the Philadelphia district, and then pumped ashore. The cost of the work was $120,088.93. A survey of Christiana River from Lobdells Canal to Newport was made in October-November, 1929, to ascertain the condition of the channel. The cost of the survey was $608.35. The cost of other miscellaneous work and contingent expenses was $76.32. The total cost of all work was $128,522.15, for maintenance. The total expend- itures were $155,232.12. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project has been completed with the exception of the construction of the remaining portion of the south jetty by the city of Wilmington, Del., or other local agency, authorized by a previous act, and dredging of the entrance channel and inner basin from 25 to 30 feet as provided for by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930. RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, DEL,, DISTRICT 421 The controlling depths at mean low water on June 30, 1930, were as follows: From the Delaware River to the Marine Terminal, 25 feet; thence to the pulp works, 18,2 feet; thence to the Philadelphia, Baltimore & Washington Railroad Bridge No. 4, 10 feet; and thence to a point 900 feet above the highway bridge at Newport, 6 feet. The total costs of the existing project to date are $770,239.16 for new work and $2,231,123.88 for maintenance, a total of $3,001,363.04. The total expenditures were $2,991,379.63. In addition, $60,000 has been contributed by the city of Wilmington and expended for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1930 ($219,948.47), will be applied to the payment of outstanding obliga- tions, and to maintenance of the project between the Delaware River and Wilmington Terminal, as follows: Outstanding obligations___----------------------- $8, 069. 10 Operation of United States hopper dredge, 18 weeks, at $8,500_,_.. 153, 000. 00 Removal of north jetty at mouth of river, by contract ---------- 30, 000. 00 Engineering and overhead-------------------------- 28, 879.37 Total ___----------------_ 219, 948. 47 The United States dredge will be operated four periods during the year (September and December, 1930, and March and June, 1931). The average expenditures during each period will be $37,500. The north jetty will be removed by contract during March-June, 1931. The funds will probably be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The sum of $280,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 on the project, as follows: Operation of United States hopper dredge, 18 weeks, at $8,500 (maintenance)__------------------------------------------$153,000 Deepening channel, by United States hopper dredge, 500,000 cubic yards, at 20 cents (new work) ------------------------------- 100, 000 Engineering, overhead, and contingencies --------------------- 27, 000 Total----------__ ----------------------------------- 280, 000 The amount required for maintenance during the fiscal year 1932 is larger than the average expended for that purpose during the last five years because more frequent dredging will be required if the needs of commerce are to be adequately met. Commercial statistics.-The water-borne traffic reported for the calendar year 1929, exclusive of cargoes in transit and ferry traffic, amounted to 954,930 short tons, valued at $72,566,673 Of this total 88,385 short tons, valued at $5,543,616, were foreign commerce; 113,421 short tons, valued at $3,821,780, were coastwise commerce; 738,085 short tons, valued at $63,005,770, were internal commerce; and 15,039 short tons were local traffic. As compared with that of the preceding year the foreign commerce decreased about 17 per cent, the coastwise commerce increased about 13 per cent, the in- ternal commerce increased about 24 per cent, and the amount of local commerce was a complete increase. Foreign exports consisted principally of steel railroad cars and locomotives. Imports con- sisted of quebracho logs, quebracho extract, asbestos products and barytes. The coastwise commerce consisted mainly of lumber, gaso- line, iron, and steel. The internal commerce consisted principally of pulpwood, sugar, hides and skins, gasoline and oils, chemicals, 422 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 pyrites, stone, sand and gravel, and general merchandise. The ustial draft of vessels utilized in carrying freight in foreign and coastwise trade was from 10 to 26 feet. The remainder of the traffic on the waterway was carried mainly by steamers, motor vessels, barges, and lighters drawing from 6 to 14 feet. Comparative statement General vessel traffic Passengers, Vehicular ferry traffic Calendar year ferry and Tons Value other Tons Value 1925-------..............--------------------------- 641, 647 $2, 658, 674 2, 282, 574 379, 092 $375, 475, 000 1926- .........--------------------------------- 543, 017 51, 329, 323 1, 582, 145 317,128 253, 702, 000 1927_ ---- . ---... -- _ 5, 900 5, 730, 730 7-------_------_ 1, 432, 842 248, 147 247, 454, 000 1928--..... ---------------------- -- 803, 128 62, 733, 456 1, 860, 764 208, 198 166, 558, 400 199-..........---------------------------------- 954, 930 72, 566, 673 2,91, 605 187, 400 149, 920,000 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------ - _______- ___-- $1, 172, 360. 37 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 --- 2, 231, 123. 88 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------3, 403, 484. 25 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_ .... __.....__.__ --- 9, 983. 41 Net tdtal expenditures------ ---------------------- 3, 393, 500. 84 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------219, 948.47 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__--------- 3, 613, 449. 31 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_ Cost of maintenance_ _......._ , , , ____ _ , $149, -- - - - Total expended- .................-...... _ . 149, 568. 98 568.-98 -- - - - - $185, 745.31 $"13, 742.67 "$132, 44.95 -$128, 522. 15 185, 745. 31 -80, 158. 67 102, 852. 91 - - 155, 232. 12 Allotted_------.-..---.-.....---.--..- 275, 000. 00 147, 500. 00 -20,278. 50 75,000.00 160,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__------------------------- $215, 180. 59 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--------------------------------- --------- 180, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for___--__________________________ 395, 180.59 -20, Deductions on account of revocation of allotment ____________- 000.00 Net amount to be accounted for- 375, 180. 59 8------__------__- Gross a Jiapunt expended----------------------------------- 155, 232.12 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_______________- __ 219, 948.47 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930___ __-----8, 8______ 069. 10 Balance available June 30, 1930 __________----------211, 879. 37 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project '--------- ---------------------------- 222, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: , For r ew work ----- ----- 00, 000.00 r mantenance----------180, 000. 00 Total ' ------ - 8 00 00O---------------- 1Exclusive of available tfnds. RIVERS AND ElARBORS- WILMIINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 423 18. INLAND WATERWAY FROM DELAWARE RIVER TO CHESAPEAKE BAY, DEL. AND MD. Location and description.-This waterway, usually known as the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, is a sea-level canal, extending from Reedy Point on the Delaware River, about 41 miles below Phila- delphia, Pa., to the junction of Back Creek and Elk River, about 4 miles west of Chesapeake City, Md., a distance of about 19 miles, with a branch channel extending from Delaware City, Del., for a distance of 1.8 miles to the junction with the channel from Reedy Point, Del. The drainage area is about 65 square miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 294 and 1226.) Original condition.-Priorto the adoption of the existing project, which marked the initiation of the work of improvement by the United States, this waterway was private property, which was opened to navigation as a toll canal on July 4, 1829. The locks, originally 100 feet in length and 22 feet in width, were later enlarged to 220 feet in length and 24 feet in width. The total original cost of the canal was $2,250,000, of which $450,000 was paid by the United States, $100,000 by the State of Pennsylvania, $50,000 by the State of Maryland, $25,000 by the State of Delaware, and the remainder by citizens of the three States. The work of construction was done by the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal Co. The minimum usable depth at mean low water was 10 feet and the controlling width 24 feet, which was determined by the width of the locks. The channel generally had a depth of 10 feet, a bottom width of 36 feet, and a surface width of 66 feet at full-pond level. The waterway was navigable for steamers and other craft drawing 9 feet for its full length of 17.9 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the purchase of the Chesa- peake and Delaware*Canal at a cost to the United States not exceed- ing $2,5.14,289.70; its enlargement, following the present route except for about 1 mile at the eastern end, to a sea-level canal 12 feet deep at mean low water and 90 feet wide, with an approach at the Dela- ware River end 150 feet wide, protected by two jetties; a channel in Back Creek 12 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide, in- cluding the elimination of sharp bends; a branch channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 36 feet wide, following the old route at the eastern end; the construction of highway bridges across the canal at Delaware City, Reedy Point, St. Georges and Summit, Del., and Chesapeake City, Md.; the construction of a railroad bridge across the canal at Canal. Station, Del.; the construction of a fixed bridge, with necessary approaches on Route 2, in lieu of the present drawbridge and for dredging an anchorage and mooring basin with a depth of 12 feet in the lower section and 6 feet in the upper section, and construction of a wharf on Government property in Back Creek; the construction of a highway on the south side of the canal from Bethel to Chesapeake City, Md., and a highway in two sections on the north side from the Delaware-Maryland line to the State high- way at Chesapeake City, aggregating about one-half mile in length. The construction of the highways on the north and south sides of the canal is conditioned on local interests releasing the United States from all obligations arising from the removal of the pivot bridge and 424 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1980 the construction of a highway bridge across the canal at Bethel, Md., or a ferry at that point, and to maintain the highways. The con- struction of the anchorage and mooring basin in Back Creek and the fixed highway bridge is conditioned on local interests relieving the United States from any obligations arising from the removal of the existing bridge, providing all necessary rights of way for the new road and bridge, and agreeing to maintain the new road and bridge. The jetties are rubble mounds on fascine mattresses 650 feet apart at the shore ends and flaring to 800 feet apart at their outer ends. The north jetty is 1,460 feet long and the south jetty is 1,320 feet long. The length of the canal included in the project is about 21 miles. The mean range of tide at Delaware City, Del., is 51/2 feet, and at Chesapeake City, Md., 2.4 feet. The extreme range of tide is from 31/ feet above mean high water to 2 feet below mean low water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $9,500,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc, No. 196, 63d Cong., 1st sess.), and modified by the river and harbor acts approved January 21, 1927, and July 3, 1930. The act of January 21, 1927, provided for construction of roadways on the north and south sides of the canal. The act of July 3, 1930, provided for the construction of two sections of roadway, aggregating about one-half mile in length on the north side of the canal; for the dredging of an anchorage and mooring basin in Back Creek, Md.; and for the construction of a fixed highway bridge in lieu of the present drawbridge across Back Creek, Md. The latest published map of the canal is found in Senate Document No. 215, Fifty-ninth Congress, second session. River and Harbor Commit- tee Document No. 41, Seventy-first Congress, second session, con- tains a map showing the proposed anchorage and mooring basin, etc., in Back Creek, and Senate Document No. 151, Seventy-first Con- gress, second session, contains a map showing roads built and to be built by the United States on the north and south sides of the canal from Bethel to Chesapeake City, Md. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-" The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal," in Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, February, 1930. Local cooperation.-The modification of the project made by the river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, provided that the proper authorities of the State of Maryland and of the county of Cecil, Md., shall release the United States from all obligations to construct a highway bridge at Bethel, Md., and shall assume the maintenance of the bridge over Back Creek (now to be removed) and the concrete roads to be constructed by the United States. The agreement was signed by the commissioners of Cecil County, May 7, by the State Roads Commission of Maryland, May 12, and by the Acting Secre- tary of War May 25, 1927. The modifications made by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1980, provide that local interests shall relieve the United States from any obligations arising from the removal of the existing drawbridge over Back Creek at Chesapeake City and shall provide all necessary rights of way for the new bridge and subsequently maintain the new road and bridge, and shall relieve the United States of any obligation RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL , DISTRICT 425 arising from the removal of the pivot bridge at Bethel, Md., and shall maintain the roads to be built by the United States. Conditions prescribed by the act of July 3, 1930, have not been complied with. Under agreement with the Pennsylvania Railroad system, that company agreed to construct a new bridge for the tracks of the Dela- ware division across the canal, the railroad company to pay one-third of the cost and the United States to pay two-thirds of the cost of the structure. The bridge was completed in 1928, at a cost of $829,000. Terminal facilities.--A freight station is maintained at Chesapeake City by the Baltimore & Philadelphia Steamboat Co., no charges for wharfage being made. Mooring basins have recently been completed by the United States at the eastern and western ends of the canal, and wharves planned for construction at Delaware City and St. Georges during the next year. A harbor and wharves should also be provided at Chesapeake City. Effect of improvement.-Elimination of the locks has reduced the time required for craft to navigate the waterway, and has also per- mitted the employment of wider boats. The effect on freight rates is not known. Operationsand results during the fiscal year.-New work included the completion on December 19, 1929, of channel at St. Georges by hired labor with Government plant, reported as 95 per cent com- pleted at close of previous fiscal year, and the grading, sodding, and revetting of the canal banks at this location at a cost during the fiscal year of $19,090.98; the driving, between October 11 and Novem- ber 11, 1929, under contract dated August 13, 1929, of 16 dolphins of 13 piles each, 8 at the Reedy Point board walk, and 8 at Chesapeake City, interpolated in the 100-foot spaces between the dolphins pre- viously driven, at a cost of $5,399.08; an extension of the board walk at Chesapeake City, a landing from the board walk to the shore, and a cinder walk to the road, completed March 15, 1930, at a cost of $4,068.80; miscellaneous work in connection with the turning basins, including the driving of five 7-pile dolphins to mark the basin at St. Georges, at a cost of $1,827.71, and the placing of dolphins marking the channel in the Delaware City branch channel at a cost of $2,405.87. Other new work included work in connection with road improvement, preliminary work in connection with proposed new bridge over Back Creek, bank revetment, and widening of bridge approaches, all at Chesapeake City, and bank revetment at Ice House Point at the eastern end of the canal, at a cost of $32,550.42. Under contract dated April 25, 1930, for constructing approxi- mately 1,115 linear feet of bulkhead wharves at Delaware City and St. Georges, work was in progress at the close of the fiscal year, one bulkhead, about 72 feet in length at Delaware City, being completed, and the other at Delaware City, about 803 feet in length, being ap- proximately 50 per cent completed, the cost of the work done during the fiscal year being $8,433.62. The total cost of new work during the year was $73,776.48. The principal item of maintenance work consisted in dredging operations to restore the project depth. Under contract dated August 16, 1929, for dredging at a unit price of 0.1774 cent per cubic yard, the section from the Delaware River to the Reedy Point bridge, a distance of 6,370 feet, was restored to project depth and width in October, 1929, 108,943 cubic yards being removed at a cost of $22,263.45& 426 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Dredging to restore the depth of 6 feet at mean low water in the Delaware City branch channel was commenced by United States hydraulic dredge Mantua October 25 and completed December 14, 1929, 40,302 cubic yards of mud and sand being removed in a length of 2,590 feet at the eastern end and 2,050 feet at the western end; and Government plant and hired labor, during March, 1930, removed to the depth of 12 feet at mean low water a shoal containing 9,760 cubic yards, at the western end of the branch channel. The total cost of this work was $16,248.98. The United States dredge Mantua from April 8 to 23, 1930, dredged a channel 3.8 feet deep at mean low water (Delaware River datum) from the main channel of the canal, at Chesapeake City, up Back Creek to Loraine's Wharf, a distance of 900 feet, removing 9,029 cubic yards of material, and during the period April 24 to May 17, 1930, restored the channel to project dimensions from the Chesapeake City Bridge west for a distance of 2,200 feet, removing 30,270 cubic yards of material. The total cost of this work was $13,501.83. During the period May 19 to June 30, 1930, the dredge worked at the eastern entrance to the canal, restoring the channel to project dimensions from the 12-foot curve in Delaware River between the .jetties at Reedy Point west for a distance of 5,740 feet, removing 77,619 cubic yards of material at a cost of $15,810.09. The total cost of the foregoing dredging was $67,824.35 for main- tenance. The old towpath on the north side of the Delaware City branch }channel, separating the canal from the marsh to the northward, was breached by two severe storms in October, 1929, about midway be- tween Delaware City and Biddies Point for a length of about 90 :feet. The breach was closed by use of sand bags and fill, at a cost ,of $13,410.14. Strengthening the entire section by riprapping was in progress at the close of the year, the cost to June 30, 1930, being $21,202.66. Other maintenance work included miscellaneous operations, such as placing stone as emergency revetment at critical places along the canal, removal of miscellaneous obstructions to navigation and debris, the repair and maintenance of the dike on the south side of the canal, and repair and maintenance of channel markers. Station markers placed 500 feet apart are being installed throughout the entire length of the canal, the work being about 75 per cent completed at the close of the fiscal year. The total cost of these operations was $19,765.09. The total cost of maintenance work during the fiscal year was $122,202.24. The total cost of all permanent work during the fiscal year was $195,978.72. The total expenditures during the year were $252,221.95. During the year the following subsidiary work was performed. As auxiliary to dredging, the development of the Guthries Run, Lums Dam, and Reedy Point disposal areas to increase their capacity, by the construction of additional banks and spillways, was continued; the construction of four steel barges, under contract of April 22, 1929, was completed October 31, 1929; the construction of a 15-ton steel- hull derrick boat under contract amounting to $79,900 and dated Feb- ruary 4, 1930, was in progress at the close of the year. The cost of these items during the year amounted to $84,748.02. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL, DISTRICT 427 Cbondition at end of fiscal year.---About 97 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The remaining portion is the construc- tion of a new highway bridge at Delaware City over the Delaware City branch channel; the dredging of a mooring and turning basin in Back Creek at Chesapeake City for small craft and the replace- ment of the drawbridge at that point by a fixed bridge higher up the creek, with necessary approaches; the construction of a wharf on Government property at Chesapeake City; the paving of two sections of highway, aggregating about one-half mile in length, between the ends of the Delaware concrete highway at the Maryland line and the highway bridge in Chesapeake City, in extension at the easterly and westerly ends of the roadways improved by the United States on the north side of the canal; and other auxiliary works of improvement. The controlling depth on June! 30, 1930, was 10.5 feet at mean low water (Delaware River datum), but boats drawing 12 feet were using the waterway without material difficulty by taking advantage of the tides. The controlling depth in the Delaware City branch channel from the Delaware. River to Fifth Street Bridge was 4.4 feet and thence to the junction of the new canal 5 feet at mean low water. The costs to date of the existing project, including $2,514,289.70 for purchase of the canal, are $10,277,565.06 for new work and $2,152,- 178.91 for maintenance, a total of $12,429,743.97. The total expendi- tures were $12,896,124.32. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, $732,484.43, will be applied to the payment of outstanding obliga- tions and to improvement and maintenance work on the waterway, as follows: New work: Outstanding obligations------------------------ $56, 671. 63 Completion of wharves at Delaware City and St. Georges, Del---------------------------------- 10, 000.00 Removal of present bridge over Back Creek (U. S. plant and hired labor, May, 1931) ----- __- - 5, 000. 00 Construction of anchorage basin and Wharf, Back Creek (contract, May 1 to June 30, 1931)- .60, 000.00 Construction of fixed bridge and paved approaches (fill by United States plant and hired labor, Sept. 1 to Oct. 31, 1930; remainder by con- tract, Mar. 1 to Apr. 30, 1931) ----- _______--39, 000. 00 Paving of two sections of highway, about one- half mile long on north side of canal (contract, Oct. 1 to 31, 1930) ---------------------------- 15, 000. 00 Field depot_ - -__________----_____-----___-15, 500. 00 Engineering, overhead, and contingencies------ - 46, 500. 74 Total .-------------------------------------------------- $247, 672. 37 Maintenance: Outstanding obligations---- ----- 77, 837. 81 Completion of derrick boat---------------------- 2, 000. 00 Reservation fences__________________________ -_ 9, 000. 00 Control works in spoil areas---------------------- 8, 000. 00 Dredging at Reedy Point, 200,000 cubic yards at 25 cents____----------------------------------- 50,000.00 Dredging at Summit (contract, August 1 to Novem- ber 30, 1930), 120,000 cubic yards at 50 cents . 60, 000. 00 Dredging at miscellaneous shoals, 100,000 cubic yards at 40 cents--- ..... 40, 000. 00 Dredging in Back Creek, 40,000 cubic yards at 30 cents-------------- 12, 000. 00 Dredging in Delaware City branch channel, 40,000 cubic yards at 30 cents---..--------- 12, 000. 00 428 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Maintenance-Continued. Removal of miscellaneous obstructions and ddbris_ $10, 000. 00 Maintenance and repair of banks __--------1__ 0, 000.00 Maintenance and repair of auxiliary works------- 5, 000.00 Tides, currents, and other engineering data_-__ 15,000.00 Disposal area at culvert__----------- 7, 000. 00 New utility boat__- ._.. - _.------_____ 12, 000. 00 Emergency dredging 1------------------------00,000.00 Engineering, overhead, and contingencies--------- 54, 974. 25 Total------- ------------------------------------- $484, 812. 06 Grand total 484. 43 7---------------------------- The sum of $715,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 in improvement and maintenance of the project as follows: New work: New bridge at Delaware City, Del_____- - __------- $100, 000 Stabilizing banks at Summit-----------------------100, 000 Engineering, overhead, and contingencies- --- __--__ 45, 000 $245, 000 Maintenance : Miscellaneous dredging, 500,000 cubic yards at 40 cents__ 200, 000 Operating dredge at Summit, three months, at $50,000___ 150, 000 Miscellaneous maintenance works 75, 000 Engineering, overhead, and contingencies __ ____----45, 000 470, 000 Grand total------------------------------ - 715, 000 Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 6 to 10 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of acids, fertilizer, sugar, pulpwood, canned goods, gasoline and oils, lumber, mine props, pyrites, metals, and general merchan- dise. The commerce was carried by steamers, motor vessels, and barges. This waterway is a link of the intracoastal waterway and is used by numerous yachts in their movement between northern and southern points. Oomparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925. ....... 727,441 $36, 754,055 45,561 1928 ------....... 700, 413 $47, 892, 731 56, 417 1926 -......... 609, 706 37, 088, 808 30, 662 1929--.......... 709, 095 45, 545, 239 22,195 1927..--------- 608,466 44,443, 481 33,512 Cost aI flna anoil summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ .-------------- $10, 277, 565. 06 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_-------------------------- 2, 152, 178.91 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 12, 429, 743. 97 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---------- 503, 857. 71 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_ ... __.........___---_ 12, 933, 601.68 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 --__ _____------___ 13, 502. 18 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 - 12, 947, 103. 86 1________------ Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930______--------------- 50, 979. 54 Net total expenditures _------------------------- 12, 896, 124. 32 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------ -------- 732, 484.43 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 628, 608. 75 1------------3, RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL, DISTRICT 429 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost .. of new work------------. ('ost of maintenance---.......- $1,874, 908.43 --------- $446, 503.59 410, 000.00 $152, 535.62 673, 843.46 $266, 235. 69 946, 133.21 $73, 776. 48 122, 202. 24 Total cost..-------------- 1,874, 908.43 856, 503.59 826, 379. 08 1, 212, 368. 90 195, 978. 72 Total expended....--------------- 1,874, 908. 43 856, 503. 59 883, 460. 85 1,290, 424. 25 252, 221.95 Allotted- ----- -- .- . .----- 275, 000. 00 640, 000.00 1, 636, 164.20 750, 000. 00 477, 444. 55 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $507, 261. 83 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 _____------------- $562, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928 ---------------------- 41, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act aunroved Feb. 28. 1929 __- ----------- 59. 000. 00 662, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for_ _ --------------------- 1, 169, 261. 83 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-__,_ --- 184, 555. 45 Net amount to be accounted for--- --------- _____--- - 984, 706.38 (ross amount expended _______________ 363, 491. 30 Less receipts from sales_________----_----------- 111, 269. 35 252, 221. 95 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 __----_______---- 732, 484. 43 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------- 56, 277.49 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts--------- 78, 231. 95 134, 509.44 Balance available June 30, 1930- -----__---.__-__- 597, 974. 99 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 _----________------------- _ 13, 502. 18 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930-------------- 611, 477. 17 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1_--_________ _- Indefinite. Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new For ew1________________ work wrk'-------------------------------------250.0 245, 000. 00 For maintenance 1______________-___ _ 470, 000. 00 Total'.-------------------- 715, 000. 00 19. OPERATING AND CARE OF INLAND WATERWAY FROM DELAWARE RIVER TO CHESAPEAKE BAY, DEL. AND MD. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms the project for inland waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md. See pages 423 to 429, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The cs~"' has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinlte appropriation since August 13, 1919. Operations and results during the fiscal year.--The canal was open to navigation throughout the year. The lift spans of the Govern- ment highway bridges at Chesapeake City, Summit, St. Georges, and Reedy Point were lifted 6,709, 157, 6,212, and 6,533 times, respec- 'Exclusive of available funds. 430 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 tively. The swing bridge over the Delaware City Branch Channel was opened 1,148 times. The Pennsylvania Railroad bridge, cross- ing the waterway-between St. Georges and Summit highway bridges, was operated by the railroad company through the year. Hired labor was employed in making ordinary repairs to the bridges and the maintenance and improvement of the buildings and grounds in their vicinity. Betterments were made, including new and im- proved lighting and signaling devices for channel traffic, and safety gates, traffic lights, and warning signs for highway traffic. The tentative dispatching system for the handling of canal traffic was continued. The contract dated April 16, 1929, for installation of safety gates for the lift bridges at Reedy Point, Summit, Chesapeake City, and the drawbridge over the Delaware City Branch Channel was completed. The total cost was $105,395.37 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $105,900.28. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The canal was purchased by the United States in August, 1919, at a cost of $2,514,289.70. The con- trolling depth on June 30, 1930, was 10.5 feet at mean low water (Delaware River datum), but by taking advantage of the tides, under direction of the dispatching system, boats drawing as much as 12 feet were navigating the waterway without excessive delay. The controlling depth in the Delaware City Branch Channel from the Delaware River to Fifth Street Bridge was 4.4 feet, and thence to the junction of the new canal, 5 feet. The total cost to date of op- eration, maintenance, repairs, etc., is $1,969,783.80. The total ex- penditures were $1,961,373.46. Proposed operations.-The highway bridges and ferry barge or rowboat, at site of the Maryland pivot bridge (removed), will be operated, and traffic control maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Cost and financial sumtimary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------$1, 969, 783. 80 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------ 1, 095. 88 Net total cost to June 30, 1930__________________________ 1, 970, 879. 68 Minus .accounts payable June 30, 1930- ___-_________-____ _ 9, 506. 22 Net total expenditures____________________________ 1, 61, 873. 46 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------__---9_____________ , 641.36 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------- ------ 1, 971, 014. 82 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---------. - - __-_ __-- - Cost of maintenance:::::: -- $133, 041.35 $502,379. 54 $81, 813. 15 $108,405.89 $105,395.37 Total expended.---------------- 133, 041.35 502,379. 54 42,845.43 107,458.36 105, 900.28 Allotted .......--------------------- 179, 000. 00 463, 000. 00 60, 432. 82 98, 000. 00 95, 000. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL, DISTRICT 431 Balance unexpended July 1, .1929 .. ___--------. $20, 541.64 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909--------------------------- 95, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for ________ _____---__-_ 115, 541.64 Gross amount expended---------------------------------------105, 900.28 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------- 9, 641. 36 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930___________________ 6, 100. 72 Balance available June 30, 1930________________-______ _ 3, 540.64 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931_____ - _____________ -- 118 500. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931__-- - ______--------122, 040. 64 20. APPOQUINIMINK RIVER, DEL. Location and description.-Thisriver rises on the Maryland-Dela- ware divide, flows 13 miles in an easterly direction through New Castle County, Del., and empties into the Delaware River about 50 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is about 42 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 9 miles. At the mouth and at Odessa the high-water widths are 230 feet and 130 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 200 feet and 100 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 294.) Original condition.-There were numerous sharp bends, a broad bar outside the mouth, over which there was a depth of 2 feet, and in the river an available depth of 4 feet. The head of navigation for steamboats was at Odessa, 81/4 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water 100 feet wide from the mouth to new (Fennimores) bridge, a distance of 5 miles, and 80 feet wide, thence to Odessa, a farther distance of 31/4 miles, including five cut-offs, which shortened the distance 1.5 miles. The length of the section included in the project is about 63/4 miles. The mean range of tide at Rock Land- ing, about 1 mile inside the mouth, is 5.2 feet, at Fennimores Bridge 4.2 feet, and at Odessa 3.3 feet. The extreme range of tide is from 2 feet below mean low water to 2 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1889, is $39,963. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. (H. Doc. No. 19, 51st Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1890, p. 943.) The latest published map is in House Document No. 149, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifalotions of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The land necessary for the five cut-offs made was donated voluntarily by property owners affected. Title to four cut-offs was approved by the Department of Justice under date of August 9, 1898, and the fifth in 1900. Consent of the State of Dela- ware was given to cutting a public road at one of the cut-offs by act of the legislature dated March 7, 1901. The necessary bridge was constructed by the authorities of New Castle County. 11714---NG 1930---28 432 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 Terminal facilities.-There are four privately owned wharves or landings, one of which is open to public use upon payment of mod- erate wharfage. All of the wharves are of pile and timber construc- tion and have no railroad connection. The terminal facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improv ement.-It gives a greater ease of vessel movement at all stages of the tide, except on the bar outside of the mouth, where boats must wait for the tide. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress, and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 93 per cent of the project has been completed. The remaining work, the widening of the channel from 60 to 80 feet, and deepening it from 7 to 8 feet is unim- portant and beyond the demands of commerce. The controlling depths at mean low water on June 30, 1930, were as follows: From the Delaware River to the mouth, 3.1 feet; thence to Rock Reach, 8.5 feet; and thence to Odessa, 3.6 feet. The costs of the existing project to date are $36,973.35 for new work, and $40,998.56 for maintenance, a total of $77,971.91, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and accordingly, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial sttistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 4 to 8 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of tomatoes, gasoline, coal, and fertilizer. The commerce was carried by motor vessels, barges, and lighters. The increase in tonnage and valuation was mainly in the items of gasoline and tomatoes. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short ton Value 1925 6---------------------- 2,876 $76,175 1928.------- -------- 4,5636 $125, 365 1926---------------------- 3, 839 150, 746 1929---------- ----------- 5, 731 146, 345 ------ - _ 1927 .------ __----- 6, 924 180,624 Cost and flnanoia summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_____ __-------------__ __ __ $36, 973. 35 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--- - -_______-_________ 40, 998. 56 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930____________-_ 77, 971. 91 Net total expenditures-__ _____ -__________________ 77, 971. 91 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------ _________ 77, 971. 91 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work.........- - - I-- -- 7------- -- ---- - -- --- ___ -- Cost of maintenance -------------------- $138. 27 $375.00 Total expended ------------------------- ...... 138.27 . ......------------ 375.00 ... Allotted-- - . - -- .- --... . .. ----- ..-..----. 375.00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -- ------ ------------------- $3, 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 433 21. SMYRNA RIVER, DEL. Location and description.-This stream, formerly Duck Creek, rises on the Maryland-Delaware divide, flows 15 miles along the boundary line between New Castle and Kent Counties, Del., and empties into the Delaware Bay about 57 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is 91 square miles. *No information is avail- able as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 11 miles. At the mouth and at Smyrna Landing the high-water widths are 300 feet and 100 feet, respectively; the low- water widths at the same points are 250 feet and 60 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 294.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and tortuous, ob- structed by numerous shoals within the river and by a bar at the mouth. It did not meet the demands of commerce, as vessels were required to wait for high water to reach their destination. A chan- nel depth of 3 feet at mean low water was available over the bar outside the mouth, while upstream from that point the river was navigable for small steamers to Rothwells Landing, a distance of about 81/2 miles, and for small boats thence to Smyrna Landing, the head of navigation, 11 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 18, 1878, a second by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888, and a third by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. This project was modified by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905. The cost and expenditures on previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1915) were $55,084.78 for new work and $22,722.85 for main- tenance, a total of $77,807.63. For scope of previous projects see page 1786, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.--This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water, 100 feet wide across the bar outside the mouth, and 60 feet thence to Smyrna Landing, a distance of 10 miles, including three cut-offs which shortened the distance 1.2 miles, and the per- manent protection of the channel across the bar outside the mouth by stone-filled, pile, and timber-crib jetties. The north jetty is 803 feet long, and the projected length of the south jetty is 2,700 feet. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 6 feet, at Flemings Land- ing, about halfway up the river, 4.2 feet, and at Smyrna Landing, the head of navigation, 31/2 feet. The extreme range of tide is from 1 foot below mean low water to 2 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $150,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. (H. Doc. No. 815, 60th Cong., 1st sess.) The latest published map is in that document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-As required by law, the land required for the necessary cut-offs was transferred to the United States free of cost and the title was approved December 11, 1915. Terminal facilities.-There are nine wharves and landings of pile and timber construction, all of which are privately owned, eight open to use by the general public and one for exclusive use. There are no direct railroad connections with any of the wharves. The terminals 434 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of the terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Vessels can now operate at all stages of the tide, thus making it possible for them to handle perishable cargo. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 53 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The uncompleted portion of the project includes the construction of the remainder of the south jetty, extend- ing its length from 1,204 feet to 2;700 feet, and the improvement of the channel to project dimensions for a short distance in the upper section of the river near Smyrna Landing. The controlling depths at mean low water on June 30, 1930, were as follows: From Delaware Bay to the mouth, 5 feet; thence to Mill Creek, 4.5 feet; thence to Prices Landing, 3.2 feet; and thence to Smyrna Landing, 1.6 feet (June 30, 1928). The costs of the existing project to date are $80,- 302.05 for new work and $40,697.95 for maintenance, a total of $121,000, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 6 to 9 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of fertilizer, fertilizer materials, and tomatoes, and were carried by motor vessels and barges. The decrease in tonnage and valuation was due to a slight decrease in practically all items of commerce except tomatoes. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925 --------------------- 8, 577 $137, 313 1928----------------------10, 840 $288, 175 1926.---------------------- 6, 093 91, 778 1929_------ ------------- 10, 587 264, 022 1927 _------------- ------- 8, 146 149, 920 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__________---------------- $135, 386. 83 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__ _________-________-- - - 63, 420. 80 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_ ______--198, 807. 63 Net total expenditures _________________---____ ___ 198, 807. 63 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---___-------------- 198, 807. 63 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.-------------- Cost of maintenance ------------------- $143.02 $387.26 $18,933.8 __ T ota l e xp en ded -- - - -- ___-- --- - _-_-- 134. 0.214 0 20 -387 .-0 26 18,9 33.9 8. . ---- ... 15, 000. 00 ------- Allotted............ .........------------- ...--------------- 3,000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project- ----------------------------- --- $70, 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS--- WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 435 22. LEIPSIC RIVER, DEL. Location and description.-This river rises in Kent County, Del., flows easterly 19 miles, and empties into Delaware Bay about 38 miles above Cape Henlopen. The drainage area is about 54 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 141/2 miles. At the mouth and at Garrisons Mill the high-water widths are 500 feet and 75 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 450 feet and 60 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1218.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and crooked, ob- structed between the mouth and the town of Leipsic, 121/2 miles, by many projecting shoals, over which there was an available depth of 5 feet. Above Leipsic for a distance of 41/2 miles the channel depth ranged from 6 to 9 feet at mean low water, and thence to Garrisons Mill, an additional mile, there was an available depth of 2 feet. The head of navigation was the milldam at Garrisons Mill, 18 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water and 50 feet wide through five cut-offs (which shortened the distance 3 miles) from the mouth to the town of Leipsic, a dis- tance of about 9 miles, and 5 feet deep and 40 feet wide, thence to Garrisons Mill, a farther distance of about 51/2 miles, including a turning basin and one cut-off, which shortened the distance one-half mile. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 51/2 feet, at Leipsic 3 feet, and at Garrisons Mill 21 feet. The extreme range of tide is from 1 foot below mean low water to 2 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work below Leipsic, made in 1909, was $18,500, and for the work above Leipsic, made in 1911, was $19,600, a total of $38,100. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The project for the work below Leipsic was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, and modified by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, by which act the project for the work above Leipsic was adopted (H. Docs. Nos. 574, 61st Cong., 2d sess., with map, and 647, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map of a portion of the river is printed in House Document No. 574, Sixty-first Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-As required by law, the land required for the necessary cut-offs was transferred to the United States free of cost, and the iTnited States was released from all claims for damages arising from the proposed diversion of the stream, and the title and releases were approved by the Assistant Secretary of War December 30, 1912, and by the Department of Justice May 21, 1913. Terminal facilities.-There are 11 wharves or landings of pile and timber construction, all of which are privately owned. All the wharves, with the exception of one, are open free to the public use, and it is open to the general public upon payment of moderate wharfage. There are no railroad connections with any of the ter- minals. The wharfage facilities are adequate for the existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see HI.Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) 436 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 8 0 Efect of improvement.--It has facilitated vessel movement and has invited additional production and traffic. No effect on freight rates is known. Operationsand results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1914 at a saving of $1,144 under the estimated cost. The controlling depths at mean low water on June 30, 1930, were as follows: From the Delaware Bay to the mouth, 6.0 feet, and thence to Leipsic, 6.5 feet. No recent examination has been made of the channel between Leipsic and Garrisons Mill. The costs of existing project to date are $36,956.06 for new work and $32,167.94 for maintenance, a total of $69,124, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from .5 to 8 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of coal, corn, tomatoes, and salt hay, and were carried by. motor vessels. The marked decrease in tonnage was due mainly to the absence of receipts of cement, sand, and stone, and the small decrease in valuation was due to the low-value tonnage of this traffic. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925----------------------................... 3, 636 $50, 894 1928.--- ---------- -------- 13, 970 $88, 478 1926------.................----------------.. 4, 159 54, 933 1929-------------------- - 4, 215 74, 038 1927----------------------- 6,752 65,196 Cost and financial sumrmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------ -- $36, 956. 06 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------------- 32, 167. 94 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 -__________ 69, 124. 00 Net total expenditures -------------- ---------------------- 69, 124.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- 69, 124. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-.-- Cost of maintenance.-------------------- ------ $15,000.00 $524. 00 _ _ Total expended-------------------------------- 15, 000. 00 524. 00 Allotted$--------------------------- $15,000. 00 ------------ 524. 00 - 23. LITTLE RIVER, DEL. Location and description.-This river rises in Kent County, Del., flows easterly 7 miles, and empties into Delaware Bay about 32 miles above Cape Henlopen. The drainage area is about 21 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 6 miles. At the mouth and at Little RIVERS AND HARBORS--WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 437 Creek Landing the high-water widths are 140 feet and 40 feet, re- spectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 100 feet and 30 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1218.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and tortuous, ob- structed by numerous shoals and by a bar outside the mouth, over which was available a low-water depth of about 3 feet. This did not meet the demands of commerce, as larger draft vessels were required to await high water. The stream was navigable for small craft to Little Creek Landing, 31/2 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 5 feet deep at mean low water from the 5-foot contour in Delaware Bay to the bridge at Little Creek Landing, 3 miles above the mouth, 60 feet wide across the bar outside the mouth, and 40 feet wide in the river, including several cut-offs to eliminate sharp bends, and which shortened the distance about half a mile. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 5 feet and at Little Creek Landing 41/2 feet. The extreme range of tide is from 2 feet below mean low water to 1 foot above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1912, was $14,- 000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of mainte- nance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 626, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). There is no published map of the river. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--As required by law, the land required for the three cut-offs and for the deposit of dredged material was furnished free of cost to the United States, the title thereto having been approved February 18, 1913. Terminal facilities.-There are three pile and timber wharves or landings on this stream, two of which are privately owned, but open to general public use upon payment of a moderate wharfage, and the other is open to general public use. There is no direct railroad con- nection with any of the wharves. The terminal facilities are ade- quate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong, 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement opened a new lane for commerce, but owing to the rapid shoaling of the river the full advantage of the project can not be utilized. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1914 at a saving of $1,984 under the estimated cost. The controlling depths at mean low water on June 30, 1930, were as follows: Fron Delaware Bay to the mouth, 1.9 feet; thence to a point 1,000 feet downstream from the highway bridge at Little Creek, 1.4 feet; and thence to Little Creek Landing, 1.9 feet. The costs of existing proj- ect to date are $12,015.86 for new work and $31,020.59 for mainte- nance, a total of $43,036.45, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no flinds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. 438 REPORT OF CAlIE O ENIIEEEir, V. s. ARMY, 1930 Commercial statistics.---The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 3 to 7 feet. The items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of clams, fish, oysters, and salt hay. The commerce was chiefly car- ried by motor vessels and auxiliary schooners. The decrease in ton- nage and valuation was due to a general falling off of commerce, especially the decreased receipt of oysters, which is one of the main commodities of this waterway. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 19256-----------------.................----..... 10,107 $407, 770 1928.-------------- -------- 4,509 $144, 230 1926...............------ - 4, 499 179, 980 1929_.. ------------------- 1,133 60,100 1927.............----------------------4,423 139, 855 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------------------------- $12, 015. 86 Cost of maintenanee to June 30, 1930_______________----------- 31, 020. 59 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 43,036. 45 Net total expenditures ____________________-_____ 43, 036. 45 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_ _--------------___ 43, 036. 45 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ....----------------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance .................. . ---- $385.75 $16, 547. 20--- --------- ------- Total expended._-- ---- ------- - ---- --- -- --- - 385.75 -- 16,547. 20 ------- -0- ----- -. _--- Allotted.....---.-..--...--------------$10, 000. 00- -- -7, 300 00 -$763. 55.. 24. ST. JONES RIVER, DEL. Location and description.--This river rises in the western part of Kent County, Del., flows southeasterly 22 miles, and empties into Delaware Bay about 26 miles above Cape Henlopen. The drainage area is about 55 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 21 miles. At the mouth and at Dover the high-water widths are 200 feet and 70 feet, respectively; the low-water widths are 160 feet and 60 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1218.) Original condition.-The channel was irregular and tortuous and obstructed by a broad shoal outside the mouth, over which there was a low-water depth of 1 foot. Small steamers and sailing vessels could only enter the mouth at high water. Inside the entrance there was an available low-water depth of 4 feet to Lebanon, a distance of 12 miles from the mouth, and thence to the head of navigation at Dover, 18 miles from the mouth, there was an available depth of 3%/ feet. Previous project.--The original project for improving this river was adopted by the river an- haror act of March 3, 1881; it was modified in 1884 and again in 1889. The cost and expenditures on previous pr6jects prior to the adoption of the existing project (ex- penditures on which began in 1917) were $54,590.20 for new work RIVERS AND HARBORS--WILMINGTON DEL , DISTRICT 439 and $28,866.30 for maintenance, a total of $83,456.50. For scope of previous projects see page 1787, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water from Delewaire Bay to Dover, 100 feet wide outside of the mouth, about 1 mile in length, 50 feet wide from the mouth to Leb- anon, a distance of 11 miles, and 40 feet wide thence to Dover, a farther distance of 6 miles, the construction of 5,000 feet of jetty on the north side of the entrance, and the dredging of 16 cut-offs to shorten the ,distance and eliminate sharp turns and bad shoals. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 41/2 feet, at Lebanon 2 feet, and at Dover 1/2 feet. The extreme range of tide is from 1 foot below mean low water to 2 feet above mean high water. The esti- mate of cost for new work, revised in 1924, is $268,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) ap- proved testimate for annual costs of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1116, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). It was modified by the river and harbor act of June 5, 1920, so as to pro- vide that no part of the appropriation shall be expended for the excavation of any cut-off until a satisfactory title to the land required for the cut-off shall have been transferred to the United States free of cost. The latest published map is in the above document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-As required by law, the land required for the necessary cut-offs below Lebanon, Del., was transferred to the United States free of cost, and title to the land was approved by the Depart- ment of Justice on June 6, 1921, and September 5, 1922. The land required for the necessary cut-offs above Lebanon, Del., was trans- ferred to the United States free of cost and titles for the same were approved by the Department of Justice May 4,1925; June 13, 1925; June 15, 1925; and June 14, 1926. Terminal facilities.-There are three wharves and several landings of pile and timber construction, all of which are privately owned, but open to the general public use. There is no direct railroad con- nection with any of the wharves or landings. The facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Transportationby water has been facili- tated to some extent. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and resiults during the fiscal year.--No operations were in progress .and no ,expenditures were made. Condition at end of Afscal year.-About 48 per cent of the project has been completed. To complete the project requires the construc- tion of the jetty at the mouth and dredging in the upper portion of the improvement near Dover. The controlling depths at mean low water on June 30, 1930, were as follows: From Delaware Bay to the mouth, 3.8 feet; thence to Barkers Landing, 6.6 feet; and thence to Lebanon, :6 feet. No recent examination has been made of the channel between Lebanon and Dover. The costs of 'the existing project to date are $127,312.17 for new work and $14,787.83 for main- tenance, a total .of $142,100, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. 440 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Comrmercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 4 to 8 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of oysters, oyster shells, king crabs, and tomatoes. The commerce was carried by motor vessels and lighters. The increase in tonnage and valuation was due chiefly to the increased shipments of tomatoes and canned goods. All commercial traffic was confined to about 8 miles of the project between the Delaware Bay and Lebanon. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925----------------------....................... 1,836 $56, 430 1928----------------------2, 360 $54, 562 1926--- ------------------- 4, 044 108, 089 1929------------- --------......... 5, 896 192, 554 1927---------------------- 3,927 103,564 Cost and flnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-..--------------- - ___ $181, 902.37 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 43, 654. 13 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930- --- ___-- 225, 556. 50 Net total expenditures_ __------ - - - -__ __- 225, 556. 50 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_..... __ 225, 556. 50 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1,127 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....-------------------- $58, 370. 61 .. .. $16, 498. 51 ----------------------- Cost of maintenance _........ ___________ $2. 77 455. 03 ........................ Total cost__------------------ 58, 370. 61 2. 77 .. 16, 953. 54___ _____ Total expended_--_____---- ___ _____ 58, 370. 61 2. 77 16, 953. 54 . Allotted........-- ------------------------ ------------ 18, 500. 00 -4,200.00 . Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------------------$141, 000 25. MURDERKILL RIVER, DEL. Location and des&cription.-This river rises in Kent County, Del., flows northeasterly 19 miles, and empties into Delaware Bay about 25 miles above Cape Henlopen. The drainage area is about 99 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is 131/2 miles. At the mouth and at Frederica the high-water widths are 200 feet and 120 feet, respectively; the low-water widths are 150 feet and 100 feet. (See U. 'S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1218.) Original condition.-The entrance channel was obstructed by a bar at its mouth, over which was a channel depth of 1 foot at mean low water. Above this point there was a channel depth ranging from 3 feet to 51/2 feet available to Frederica, the head of navigation, a distance of about 9 miles. The canals or cut-offs made by private parties were narrow and poorly located, causing excessive shoaling. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 441 Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water from Delaware Bay to Frederica, 150 feet wide across the flats outside the mouth, a distance of about 1 mile, and 80 feet wide inside the river to Frederica, a distance of about 71/2 miles. The mean range of tide is 4.8 feet at the mouth and 1.8 feet at Frederica. The extreme range of tide is from 1 foot below mean low water to 2 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $60,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 21, 52d Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1892, p. 981). The latest published map is in House Document No. 1058, Sixty-second Congress, third session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--Land required for the one cut-off made under the project was voluntarily given free of cost to the United States in 1895. Terminal faoilities.-There are six wharves or landings of pile and. timber construction, all of which are privately owned. Three are open to the general public when not in use by the owners, and three are open to public use upon payment of a moderate wharfage. There is no direct railroad connection. The facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The transportation of freight by water has been greatly facilitated, practically eliminating an 8-mile haul to the nearest railroad station. The rates by water are 25 to 50 per cent lower than by rail. Vessel movements at all stages of the tide have been made possible. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Under emergency contract dated August 19, 1929, for maintenance dredging at the unit price of 27.8 cents per cubic yard, work was commenced September 25 and completed November 13, 1929, restoringr the channel 60 feet in width and 7 feet in depth through the shoalbetween the 7-foot curve in the river and the 7-foot curve in Delaware Bay, a distance of 3,700 feet, 20,124 cubic yards of mud and sand being removed. The cost was $6,138.43. A survey of the upper section of the river to ascertain the condi- tion of the channel was commenced June 16, 1930, and was in progress at the close of the fiscal year. The cost of the survey to, June 30, 1930, was $985.89. The cost of other miscellaneous examinations was $75.74. The total cost of all work during the year was $7,200.06 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $6,879.68. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 63 per cent of the project has been completed. The remaining portion is the widening of the channel across the flats and in the river, which, at the present time, is not considered important. The controlling depths at mean low water on June 30, 1930, were as follows: From Delaware Bay to the mouth, 5.7 feet, and thence to Frederica, 5.2 feet. The costs of the existing project to date are $37,630.07 for new work and $107,253.14 for maintenance, a total of $144,883.21. The total expenditures were $144,330.67. 442 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1930 ($14,120.32), to maintenance dredging across the bar at the mouth, removal of shoals within the river, and re- dredging the turning basin at Frederica, under contract, as follows: Dredging 26,000 cubic yards, at 42 cents-------------------------$10, 920. 00 Engineering, overhead, and contingenc s----------------------- 3, 200.32 Total------------- ------------------------------- 14, 120. 32 The funds will be expended at the rate of approximately $7,000 per month and will probably be exhausted by August 31, 1930. The sum of $13,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 in maintenance of the project, as follows: Dredging at the mouth of the river, by contract, 20,000 cubic yards, at 50 cents------------------- ------------------------------ $10, 000 Engineering, overhead, and contingencies_______________ 500 _____----3, Total ------------------------------------------------ 13, 500 This amount is larger than the average expended for that purpose during the last five years, because this channel should be redredged every year if the needs of commerce are to be adequately met. Coammercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 4 to 8 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of oysters, fish, coal, fertilizer, and agricultural products. The commerce was chiefly carried by steamer and motor vessels. The decrease in valuation was due to the decreased shipments and receipts of items of a higher value. The regular boat-line service on this waterway has been discontinued. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925-------- 12,870 $714,217 32, 000 1928 ...... 11,870 $536, 855 50,000 1926 _-_- 12,411 563,267 40, 000 1929 -_--- 11, 045 359,265 60, 000 1927 ..... 16, 309 1, 037,447 30, 000 Cost and fi/raszcial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ---- ______---- -_______-- $37, 630. 07 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930___-______________ - __ 107, 253. 14 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930- 1----------44,883.21 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 552. 54 Net total expenditures_ .___-- - - -____- 144,330. 67 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ __------------------------___ 14, 120. 32 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ..---------------- 158, 450. 99 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--,----------------- ----------- ----- ------ Cost of maintenance______...........___ _ $99. 01 $678. 63 $725. 42 ------ ------------200. 06 $12, 779. 81 $7, Total expended..__................. 99. 01 678. 63 725. 42 12, 547. 65 6, 879. 8 Allotted- __ -_........._. ---. ..-- 10, 000. 00 - 10, 000.00 _________-- -- 4,000.00 21,000.00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 443 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929---------------------------------------------- $8, 500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------------ 12, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for------------------------------ 21, 000. 00 Gross amount expended----------------------------------------- 6, 879. 68 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------------ 14, 120. 32 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---- --------- __ ---- -- 3. 40 Balalnce available June 30, 1930--------------------1-------------4, 116. 92 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1______-------- -- __ 22, 350. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 --- ----- -13, 500. 00 26. MISPILLION RIVER, DEL. Location and description.-This river rises on the boundary line between Maryland and Delaware, flows 15 miles in a general north- easterly direction between Kent and Sussex Counties, and empties into Delaware Bay about 16 miles above Cape Henlopen. The drain- age area is about 99 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 15 miles. The width at the mouth is 400 feet and at Milford 100 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1218.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and tortuous and obstructed by a bar extending out in the bay, over which was a depth of 11/2 feet at low water. Inside the river the controlling depth was 4 feet to Milford, the head of navigation, a distance of 14 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted in 1879, and subsequent projects July 13, 1892, modified July 3, 1893, and March 2, 1907. The cost and expenditures on previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1919) were $148,798.41 for new work and $61,172.42 for maintenance, a total of $209,970.83. For scope of previous projects see page 1786, Annual Report for 1915, and page 448 of Annual Report for 1918. Eoisting project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water from Delaware Bay to Milford, a distance of 14 miles, 80 feet wide from the 6-foot curve of Delaware Bay across the flats to the mouth, protected by stone-filled pile and timber crib jetties along the north and south sides, 2,996 and 5,850 feet long, respectively; thence 60 feet wide in the river, with additional width at sharp bends; and 4 cut-offs, 50 feet wide. The mean range of tide is 4 feet at the mouth and 31/2 feet at Milford. The extreme range of tide is from 1 foot below mean low water to 2 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 19212 was $87,050, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 678, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in that document. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 444 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 required that all land needed for the cut-offs be transferred free oh cost to the United States. This condition has been met, the approval of the Chief of Engineers being dated March 31, 1922. Terminal facilities.-There are 14 wharves or landings of pile and timber construction, 13 of which are privately owned but open to public use upon payment of nominal wharfage, and 1 for exclusive use. There is no direct railroad connection. The facilities are ade- quate for existing commerce. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--The transportation of water-borne com- merce has been facilitated, and the greater depth of water permits the movement of vessels in the river at low tide. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.--A survey of the river from Delaware River to Milford, to ascertain the condition of the channel, was made during the period March 17 to May 6, 1930, at a cost of $4,250.64, for maintenance. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1924. The controlling depths at mean low water on June 30, 1930, were as follows: From Delaware Bay to the mouth, 4 feet, and thence to Milford, 4.7 feet. The costs of the existing project to date are $87,249.89 for new work and $45,194.99 for maintenance, a total of $132,444.88. The total expenditures were $128,194.24. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1930 ($12,- 500), will be applied to maintenance dredging, by contract, through- out the length of the project, as follows: Dredging 30,000 cubic yards, at 35 cents______-.. . __.. __.-___ $10, 500 Engineering, overhead, and contingencies_______________________ 2, 000 Total ------------------------------------------- 12, 500 The funds will be expended at the rate of approximately $6,000 per month, and will probably be exhausted by September 30, 1930. Since the work to be done in the fiscal year 1931 will restore the channel to a satisfactory condition, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 6 to 8 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of fertilizer materials, wheat, gasoline, and bottles. The commodities were carried by steamers, motor vessels, and barges. There was a slight increase in tonnage and valuation owing to the increased receipts of gasoline and bottles. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925_____________ ____ 15,032 $422,223 1928 _________ -... _______ - 10,292 $316,516 1926_____.- ___ . _______ 11,842 360,661 1929_ __ ____ -___________ 10, 856 394,00(a 1927-------------- .. 14, 063 348, 237 RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 445 Cost and /tnanoiai summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 --------------------------$236, 048. 30 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-----------------------106, 367. 41 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 342, 415. 71 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 4, 250. 64 Net total expenditures------ ----------- 338, 165. OT7 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_--------------------------- 12, 500. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 350, 665. 07 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..--------------- ------------------ ------------------ - Cost of maintenance----------------------- $42. 88 $19, 604.37 $1, 270. 63 ------ _ $4, 250. 64 Total expended.------------------------- 42.88 19,604.37 1,270.63 -------.----- Allotted --.----------------------------- 10,000.00 10, 500.00 375.00 -------- 12, 500.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--------------- ---------------- ----------- $12, 500 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------ ----------------------- 12, 500 27. BROADKILL RIVER, DEL. Location and description.-This river rises in Sussex County, Del., flows northeasterly 13 miles, and empties into Delaware Bay about 5 miles above Cape Henlopen. The drainage area is 64 square miles. No information is available regarding the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 11 miles. At the mouth and at Milton the high-water widths are 300 feet and 90 feet, respec- tively; the low-water widths at the same points are 250 feet and 80 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1218.) Original condition.-The channel was irregular and tortuous, ob- structed by numerous shoals within the river and a shifting sand bar at the mouth. It did not meet the demands of commerce. The chan- nel had a controlling depth of 3 feet at mean low water to Milton, the head of navigation, 12 miles from the mouth, with 2 feet at mean low water over the bar outside the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Ewisting project.-This provides for the establishment of a per- manent entrance by dredging a channel across Lewes Cape 150 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water from that depth in Dela- ware Bay to the same depth in Broadkill River, a distance of about one-half mile, and constructing a stone-filled, pile and timber crib jetty, 1,275 feet long, on the north side of the entrance; and thence a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water with a least width of 40 feet, upstream to Milton, 103/4 miles above the new mouth. The mean range of tide is 41/2 feet at the mouth and 31/ feet at Milton. The extreme range of tide is from 1 foot below mean low water to 2 feet above mean high water, except in very severe storms. 'The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1905, was $68,330. No estimate for annual maintenance has been made. 446 REPOR~ OF 11IEP' OF E11~QEERRS, Tr. S. ARMY, 1930 This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1873 (Annual Report for 1872, p. 792 et seq,), and modified by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, which provided for the new mouth in accordance with report published in House Document No. 214, Fifty-ninth Congress, second session. The latest published map of the whole river is in the above docunent, and of the mouth in House Document No. 128, Sixty-seventh Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The land required for the new entrance was furnished voluntarily free of cost to the United States by the owner of the tract through which it was cut. Title to the land was ap- proved by the Department of Justice June 21, 1907. Terminal facilities.-There are 4 wharves of pile and timber con- struction, 3 of which are privately and 1 publicly owned. Two of the private wharves are open to the public upon payment of a nominal charge and one is for exclusive use. There are also a num- ber of private landings of pile and timber construction along the river, used by the owners of the farms. There is no direct railroad connection with any of the.wharves The terminals are adequate for existing commerce. (Fora full deseription- of terminal ' facilities see H. Dbc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.---It has faeilitated vessel movement, but the shoaling in the river and the depth of water at the entrance pre- vent the free movement of vessels using the stream. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.--No operations were in progress and no expenditures were made. Conditioni at end of flcal year.----The: existing project was com- pleted in 1913i The controlling depths at mean low water on June 30, 1930, were as ffollows:: From Delaware Bay to " The Tussocks," 7 miles above the mouth, 3.1 feet; at " The Tussocks," 2.3 feet; and thence to Milton, 3 feet. The costs of the existing project to date are $68,227.97 for new work and $101,009.70 for maintenance, a total of $169,237.67, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 19&2. Commercial statistics. --The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 4 to 6 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of piling, fish, and machinery, and were carried by motor vessels. The decrease in tonnage and valuation was due chiefly to the decreased receipts of the principal commodities. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925.---------------------- 4, 092 $147,880 1928 ---------------------- 1, 295 $64,475 1926. ------------------- -- 1, 566 106,060 1929..--------- ------------.. 980 61,200, 1927 ---------------------- 1, 691 105,825 RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 447 Cost and fina/cial s8unary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------------------------- $68, 227. 97 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 101, 009. 70 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 169,237.67 Net total expenditures----------- ---- ----- - 169,237.67 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- 169, 237. 67 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------- ----------------------- ------------------------------- Cost of maintenance---------------------------- $13,042.99 $2,484.44 Total expended--..............------------------ 13,042.99 2,484.44 - - - --------------------------------------- Allotted............... 5, 000.00 375.00 .-------- 28. INLAND WATERWAY BETWEEN REHOBOTH BAY AND DELAWARE BAY, DEL. Location and description.-This waterway, a tidal canal, situated in the southeasterly part of Sussex County, extends 12 miles from Rehoboth Bay northward through the highland west of the town of Rehoboth to Gordon Lake; thence through the marshes back of Cape Henlopen to Lewes River. It then follows the latter and Broadkill River, which empties into the Delaware Bay about 5 miles above Cape Henlopen. The drainage area is about 27 square miles. No information is available regarding the discharge of the waterway. At the mouth of Lewes River and at the entrance of Rehoboth Bay the high-water widths are 75 feet and 60 feet, respectively; the low- water widths at the same points are 60 feet and 45 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1218 and 1219.) Original condition.-Rehoboth Bay and Delaware Bay were not connected by any channel. The land through which it was necessary to dredge had a highland elevation and a marsh elevation of about 23 and 4 feet, respectively, above mean low water at Delaware Breakwater Harbor. Lewes River had an available depth of about one-half foot at its upper end and about 4 feet at its junction with the Broadkill. Previous projects.-A canal along a slightly different route formed a part of the projected waterway from Chincoteague Bay, Va., to Delaware Bay, begun in 1886 and abandoned in 1905. Existing project.-This provides for a waterway 6 feet deep at mean low water, 50 feet wide through Lewes River and the marshes and 40 feet wide where it passes through deep cutting, a distance of 12 miles, extending from the confluence of Lewes and Broadkill Rivers to Rehoboth Bay; and two parallel rubble mound jetties each 725 feet long at the entrance from Rehoboth Bay. This project also includes the construction of one railroad and one highway bridge at Rehoboth. The mean range of tide at the Delaware Bay end is 41/2 feet and at the highway bridge near Rehoboth about 3 feet. The ex- treme range of tide is from 1 foot below mean low water to 3 feet above mean high water. This is due to storms raising the water level in the bays. 11714 -ENG 1930----29 448 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The estimate of cost for new work made in 1908 is $356,000, exclu- sive of amount expended on previous projects but including $14,275 for the purchase of land since obtained free of cost to the United States, making the actual estimated cost to the United States for the construction of the canal $341,725, which includes $37,343.58 awarded the railroad company in full for all damages to that company for the erection and maintenance of a railroad bridge across the canal at Rehoboth. The latest (1908) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $7,500. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 823, 60th Cong., 1st sess., and R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 51, 61st Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is with the above documents. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-As required by law, the land required for cut- offs and for right of way for the canal from Lewes River southward was furnished free of cost to the United States by the State of Dela- ware and interested parties, with the exception of the railroad cross- ing at Rehoboth. The titles were approved by the Department of Justice November 3, 1892, and May 3, 1913. Terminal facilities.-There are two wharves at Lewes, Del., one owned by the town and one Government owned, both open to public use, and two private wharves at Rehoboth, one of which has direct railroad connection. These wharves are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Shoaling at the entrance into Delaware Bay prevents the utilization of the full benefits to be derived from the improvement. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fieSal year.-No operations were in progress, and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fscal year.-About 75 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The remaining portion is reinforcing the jetties in Rehoboth Bay, built in 1903 under previous project. The controlling depths at mean low water on June 30, 1930, were as follows: From the Delaware Bay to the mouth, 3.1 feet; thence to the highway bridge at Lewes, 3.8 feet; thence to the highway bridge at Rehoboth, 4.7 feet; and thence to Rehoboth Bay, 4.5 feet. As part of the State highway system, the State of Delaware completed, in 1926, a new concrete bridge across the canal at Rehoboth, about 1,500 feet north of the old wooden highway bridge, which has now been removed. The costs of the existing project to date are $256,121.47 for new work and $21,603.53 for maintenance, a total of $277,725, the total expenditures being the same. Of this cost and expenditure, $69,710.25 was in payment September 15, 1915, to the railroad com- pany of award in condemnation proceedings under the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Covmercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 3 to 5 feet. The commerce for the calendar year consisted of fish, RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL, DISTRICT 449 machinery, tomatoes, and coal. The commerce was carried by motor vessels and lighters. The increase in tonnage and valuation was due principally to traffic in tomatoes and machinery. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925 --------------------- 2, 832 $50, 655 1928---------------------- 1, 775 $65, 825 1926_ __----------------- 282 33, 140 1929---------------------- 2, 480 78, 025 1927 ----------------------- 175 27, 900 Cost and finanrnial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_------------------ ---- -$256, 121. 47 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------21, 603. 53 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930__________ 277, 725. 00 Net total expenditures----------------------------------------277, 725. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ----------------- 277, 725. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ----------------------------------------- $3,331.53 Cost of maintenance ------------------- $1, 038. 78 $1, 077. 63 5, 591. 34 . Total cost__.. .... . ...... ..... 1, 1, 038. 78 038.78 1, 077. 10773 63 892287 - ___________________- 8,922.87----------- Total expended.............---- ........-- .. 1,038. 78 1,077.63 8,922.87- -....------ Allotted----...... ... ........ 5,000.00 ...-----------------------.. 5,000.00 ............ ....-- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------------------------------------- $85, 600 29. INLAND WATERWAY FROM CHINCOTEAGUE BAY, VA., TO DELA- WARE BAY AT OR NEAR LEWES, DEL. Location amd description.-Thistidal waterway extends northerly from Chincoteague Bay, Va., following the waterways parallel, with the Atlantic Ocean through Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware, pass- ing through the neck of land at Ocean View, Del., and the land be- tween Rehoboth Bay and the headwaters of Lewes River, entering the Delaware Bay at or near the town of Lewes, a total distance of about 70 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1218, 1219, and 1220.) Original condition.-A large portion of the route followed the natural waterways whose channel depths were sufficient for the pro- posed canal. Some shoals existed which required dredging. The neck of land 4 miles in width near Ocean View, Del., separating Lit- tle Assawomai and Indian River Bays, and a portion of the route, 8 miles in length, between Rehoboth Bay and Delaware Bay, had to be excavated and made an artificial waterway. Previous projects.-The original project for this waterway, adopted in 1886, was modified in 1892 to provide for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water from Chincoteague Bay to Delaware Bay, a distance of 70 miles, 70 feet wide except between Rehoboth and Delaware Bays, where the width was to be 20 feet, with turnouts 70 feet wide every mile, and two parallel rubble-mound jetties each 450 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 725 feet long on the northern side of Rehoboth Bay. (S. Doe. No. 85, 52d Cong., 1st sess., and annual reports for 1891, p. 1168, and 1892, p. 596.) The river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, repealed the project. The cost and expenditures on the project prior to its being repealed were $168,411.88 for new work and $25,330.42 for maintenance, a total of $193,742.30. Eaisting project.-This provides for the maintenance of the three bridges built by the Government at Ocean View, Del., under the previous project. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 538, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is printed in House Document No. 128, Sixty-seventh Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--The land necessary for the cuts through high land between Assawoman Bay and Indian River Bay and between Rehoboth Bay and Delaware Bay was furnished voluntarily free of cost to the United States by the State of Delaware. Title thereto was approved by the Department of Justice July 2, 1888, and No- vember 3, 1892, respectively. Terminal facilities.-There are about 29 wharves on the waters and a number of landing places, all of which are open to the public use free of charge. The terminals are adequate for the existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-Sections of the waterway are utilized for commercial traffic even in its uncompleted condition. Considerable traffic in sea foods, farm products, coal, and general merchandise is carried on between the wharves or landings at settlements on tribu- tary streams and towns along the waterway having railroad connec- tions. The shoaling at Sinepuxent Inlet has practically prevented further transportation of the sea-food commodities over the inland waterway route to Ocean City, Md. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-As the project is for maintenance, it is impracticable to state the percentage of completion. The Cedar Neck and Jefferson Bridges were recently examined and found to be in serviceable condition. The State of Delaware, in August, 1928, completed a new concrete bridge across this waterway as part of its highway system from Ocean View to Bethany Beach. This bridge is 80 feet south of the Government-owned Ocean View Bridge, which has heretofore been maintained by the Government, but which has now been closed to highway traffic. The total cost of the existing project to date is $8,700 for maintenance, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1930 ($900), will be applied to necessary repairs to the bridges. The sum of $500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 in continuing the annual repairs to the bridges. Commercial statistics.--The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 3 to 7 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of clams, oysters, fish, gasoline, coal, oyster shells, and general merchandise. The commerce was chiefly carried by motor vessels and lighters. There was a small increase in tonnage and RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 451 valuation owing to a general increase in receipts and shipments of high-priced commodities. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1525 -------------...... 25, 841 $1, 782, 861 1928--------------------- 27, 902 $1, 171, 171 1926 --------------------- 29, 747 1, 315, 317 1929---------------------31, 583 1,319, 683 1927---------------------34, 987 1,293, 450 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_---------------____-___ $168, 411. 88 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 34, 030. 42 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ------------ 202, 442. 30 Net total expenditures---------------------------------------- 202,442.30 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ------------------------------ 900. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------203, 342.30 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work.. ---------------------------------------------- --- -------- Cost of maintenance --------------------- _ $574. 79 $295. 73 $105. 00 .$961. 82 Total expended.__________ _____-________ 574.79 295.73 105.00 961.82 Allotted -------------- I--------- 500.00 00. 00 400. 00 $500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------------$400 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ---------------------------------------------------------- 500 Amount to be accounted for---------------------------------- 900 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------- 900 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1-_ ------------- 500 30. LITTLE MACHIPONGO RIVER, VA. Locatian and de'scription.-This river, locally known as Parting Creek, has its source in the marsh of Bell Neck, Northampton County, Va., flows in a southerly and easterly direction about 5 miles, and empties into Great Machipongo River, about 12 miles by water from Great Machipongo Inlet, and about 28 miles north of Cape Charles, Va. The drainage area is about 11 square miles. No infor- mation is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 2 miles. The Great Machipongo Inlet and the Great Machipongo River are the waterways connecting with the Atlantic Ocean, and have a controlling depth of 16 feet. Willis Wharf, a town with a population of about 500, is located on the west bank about 1 mile above its junction with the Great Machipongo River. The high-water width varies from about 450 feet at the mouth to 350 feet at Willis Wharf (see U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1221). Original condition.-The channel was obstructed by several shoals throughout its length. The controlling low-water depth was about 1 Exclusive of available funds. 452 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 6 feet from Willis Wharf to deep water, a distance of about 2 miles. The channel depths did not meet the demands of commerce, and the larger vessels were compelled to wait for the tide. The stream was navigable for boats drawing from 2.5 to 7 feet. Previous prrojects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water and 80 feet wide from the town of Willis Wharf to deep water in the river below. The mean range of tide is about 4.6 feet. The extreme tidal range is from about 0.7 foot below mean low water to about 2 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1929, is $10,000. The latest (1929) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 260, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in that document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.-There are 13 pile or timber wharves or land- ings and a marine railway located at the town of Willis Wharf, 5 of the wharves being used for icing and packing fish and other sea foods, and 7 being used for oysters and clam packing; they are not open to public use. The other wharf is used as a landing place for party fishermen or sportsmen. No wharves have railroad connec- tion. The nearest railroad station is at Exmore, about 11/2 miles from Willis Wharf. The facilities are adequate for the character of com- merce involved. A small shipyard with marine railway of sufficient size to haul out and overhaul fishing and oyster boats and other vessels does a considerable business. Effect of improvement.-The proposed improvement has not yet been commenced. Operations and results during fscal year.-No operations were in progress and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done on the proposed improvement. The oyster boats now using the natural channel draw 2.5 to 5 feet loaded, and the fishing boats 6 to 7 feet. Proposed operations.--No funds are available. The relative desir- ability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navi- gation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.--The sea-food industry is the chief business carried on, amounting to about 15,000 tons annually. About 300 tons of fertilizer are brought in. The total value of commerce is about $800,000. Cost and ftnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_________________________ ___ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 Amount (.estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------------------- ----- $10, 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 453 31. WATERWAY ON THE COAST OF VIRGINIA Location and description.-This tidal waterway, which includes Cat River and Bogues Bay, is a series of inland thoroughfares in the northeastern part of Accomac County, Va., extending from Chinco- teague Inlet on the north to Assawoman Inlet on the south. It sepa- rates Wallops Island from the mainland and is about 7 miles long. Bogues Bay is a broad, shallow sheet of water 1 mile by 13/4 miles in extent. Cat River is about 11/2 miles long and has an average width of about 70 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1221.) Original condition.-The channel through Bogues Bay and Cat River was narrow and tortuous and obstructed by numerous shoals over which was an available depth of less than 6 inches at mean low water. It did not meet the demands of commerce, as vessels were required to wait for high water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 4 feet deep at mean low water and 25 feet wide in Cat River, a distance of 2 miles, and thence northward across Bogues Bay 50 feet wide for a further dis- tance of about one-half mile. The mean range of tide is 3 feet. The extreme range of tide is about 6 feet, due to storms. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, was $12,100. The latest (1908) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,200. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 957, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal fawiitie.-This waterway is a connecting tidal canal, having no terminals or wharves, as none are required. Effect of improvement.-The transportation of oysters has been facilitated and cheapened by providing a much-used protected inland route, which can be used by small boats without detention on account of the tide or storms. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1912, at a saving of $2,695 under the estimated cost. The control- ling depths on June 30, 1930, were 3.5 feet across Bogues Bay and 3 feet in Cat River. The costs of the existing project to date are $9,404.45 for new work and $11,195.55 for maintenance, a total of $20,600, the total expenditures being the same. Proplosed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1930 ($3,000), to maintenance dredging, under con- tract, as follows: Dredging 5,000 cubic yards, at 50 cents------------------------- $2, 500 Engineering, overhead, and contingencies --------------------------- 500 Total------- ----------------------------------------- 3, )00 The funds will be expended at the rate of approximately $1,500 per month, and will probably be exhausted by December 31, 1930. 454 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 As the dredging to be done in the fiscal year 1931 will restore the channel to project dimensions, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 3 to 5 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of oysters, clams, oyster shells, and coal. The commerce was carried by motor vessels and lighters. The decrease in tonnage and valuation was due chiefly to the decreased receipts of clams and oysters. Comparatiive statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925..---......------------------............. 13,196 $558, 210 1928__--------------------- 17, 322 $589, 070 1926---.---. .. 598 22'0--19, 679,938 1929 ---------------------- ___ 15, 509 498, 571 1927_-----------------_ 22, 086 755, 754 Cost and finaicial szrnmanary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ... ___________----_T__----$9, 404. 45 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-----------------_______ 11, 195.55 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------------- 20, 600. 00 Net total expenditures__ ..--. .---. "--___ 20, 600. 00 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930___- ______ ______________---3, 000.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930________________ 23, 600.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------------------- ----------- Cost of maintenance-- ..............--- $194.46 --------.... $235. 25 $4, 500.00 _ Total expended. 194.46 ------ 235.25 4, 500. 00 Allotted _....---------------------------- 10,000. 00------------ 12, 000.00 4, 500.00 3,000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------ - - - - - - - - $3, 000 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-----------------------------------3, 000 32. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, in- spections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in con- nection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $13,495.65. The total expenditures were $13,147.89. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ($13,602.11) will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses in- RIVERS AND HARBOItS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 455 curred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $22,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and flnancial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------- ----------------- $22, 495. 65 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------- 347. 76 Net total expenditures______----------------- -- 22, 147.89 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------13, 602. 11 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 .-- ___-___- 35, 750. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 C ost of new work Cost of maintenance-__-___- - ---- ___ _ __ . . -- __-- ------- --_ -- .- - 9.5-- -55 -------------- ------ $9, 000.00 . -. $13, 495. 65 . Total expended ------------------------- ___________ ------------ _ _____ 9,000.00 13, 147; 89 Allotted ... .. ------------------------ --------------------------------- 19, 000. 00 16, 756. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ -- --. _-.-..--------- $10, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928 ________________________ $5, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930__________________________ 8,750.00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930_ 3, 000. 00 16, 750. 00 Amount to be accounted for______________ ______ 26, 750. 00 Gross amount expended---------------------------------------- 13,147. 89 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------------13, 602. 11 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - 22, 500.00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED MARCH 3, 1925, AND JANUARY 21, 1927 Reports dated December 3, 1928, and November 9, 1929, with maps, on preliminary examination and survey of Little Machipongo River, Northampton County, Va., required by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, were duly submitted by the district engi- neer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 260, Seventy-first Congress, sec- ond session. A plan of improvement is presented which provides for a channel 8 feet deep and 80 feet wide from the town of Willis Wharf to deep water in the river below, at an estimated cost of $10,000, with $1,500 annually for maintenance. Reports on preliminary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor acts approved March 3, 1925, and January 21, 1927, of the following localities within this district were duly sub- mitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress, but have not yet been printed: 1 Exclusive of available funds. 456 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 1. Preliminaryexamination and survey of BradfordsBay, Accomac County, Va.-Reports dated May 6, 1926, and March 30, 1929, were transmitted to Congress April 2, 1930. Recommendation was made that no money be expended on this waterway by the Federal Govern- ment at this time. 2. Preliminary exaiination and survey of Broadill River, Del.- Reports dated August 17, 1928, and October 24, 1929, were transmitted to Congress May 26, 1930. The improvement of this locality, other than as authorized by the existing project, is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts approved March 3, 1925, January 21, 1927, and July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Maurice River, N. J., with a view to improvement of the entrance channel. 0. Shore near Cold Spring Inlet, N. J., with a view to preventing its erosion. 3. Cold Spring Inlet, N. J. 4. Indian River, Del. 6. Ocean City Harborand Inlet, Md. 6. Sinepuxent Bay, Md., from the inlet north to Ocean City. 7. Channel leading from Oyster, Va., to the Atlantic Ocean. 8. Great Egg HarborRiver at Mays Landing, N. J. 9. Bidwells Creek, Cape May County, N. J. 10. Darby River, Pa. 11. Channels leading from Hog Island, Northampton County, Va., to the Great Machipongo Inlet. 12. Chincoteague Bay, Channel, and Inlet, and adjacent waters. Accomac County, Va., with a view to the establishment of a harbor of refuge. 13. Inland waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md.: The Delaware City branch, with a view to securing a depth of 12 feet. REPORTS MADE IN COMPLIANCE 'WITH RESOLUTIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, UNITED STATES SENATE, AND THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated January 17, 1929, a review of reports on Murderkill River, Del., printed in House Executive Document No. 21, Fifty-second Congress, first session, was requested. Report thereon was transmitted to the committee and printed in Senate Document No. 106, Seventy-first Congress, second session. The improvement of this locality, other than as authorized by the existing project, is not deemed advisable at the present time. By resolution dated February 8, 1926, a review of reports on waterway from Chincoteague Bay, Va., to Delaware Bay, Del. printed in House Document No. 128, Sixty-seventh Congress, second session, was requested. Report thereon was transmitted to the Com- mittee on Rivers and Harbors, House of Representatives, January 3, 1930, but has not yet been printed. The improvement of this water- way by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. RIVERS AND HARBORS--BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 457 By resolution dated March 7, 1928, a review of reports on the inland waterway from Delafware River to Chesapeake Baby, printed in House Document No. 196, Sixty-third Congress, first session, with a view to providing a mooring and turning basin at the western end of the waterway near Chesapeake City, Md., was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 41, Seventy-first Con- gress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project pertaining to the construction of a bridge across Back Creek so as to provide for a fixed bridge on route 2 in lieu of the present drawbridge over Back Creek and for the dredging of an anchorage and mooring basin having a depth of 12 feet in the lower section and 6 feet in the upper, and for the construction of a wharf on Government property, at a total estimated cost of $104,000, with $5,000 annually for maintenance; subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolution dated January 30, 1929, a review of prior reports on Little River, Del., was requested. Report thereon was transmitted to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, House of Representatives, June 16, 1930, but has not yet been printed. The improvement of this locality, other than as authorized by the existing project, is not deemed advisable at the present time. By resolution dated January 30, 1929, a review of prior reports on tn Wilmingto Harbor (Christiana River), Del., was requested. Re- port thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 20, Seventy- first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modifi- cation of the existing project so as to provide for a depth of 30 feet between Delaware River and the Lobdell Canal, at an estimated cost of $222,000, with $152,000 annually for maintenance, an increase of $31,000 over the present requirements. By resolution dated May 9, 1930, a review of reports on the inland waterwaiy from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, printed in House Document No. 196, Sixty-third Congress, first session, with a view to determining whether it would be advisable to eliminate the proposed construction of a ferry across the waterway at the site of the pivot bridge, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee and printed in Senate Document No. 151, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for the paving of two sections of highway, aggregating about one-half mile in length, on the north side of the canal, in lieu of the construction and maintenance of a ferry across the waterway, at an estimated cost of $15,000, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT This district includes Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries north of Cove Point at the entrance to Patuxent River, Md., on the west side, and north of Onancock River, Va., on the eastern shore; also channel at York Spit. District engineer: Lieut. Col. W. T. Hannum, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Lieut. Col. Henry C. Jewett, Corps of Engi- 458 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 neers, to October 27, 1929, and Col. Harley B. Ferguson, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Baltimore Harbor and chan- 10. Cambridge Harbor, Mid __. 477 nels, Md----------------- 458 11. Slaughter Creek, Md------- 479 480 2. Susquehanna River above 12. Broad Creek River, Del_____ and below Havre de Grace, 13. Wicomico River, Md._------- 482 Md__ ____________----- 465 14. Crisfield Harbor, Md ______ 484 3. Elk and Little Elk Rivers, 15. Broad Creek, Md _ 486 Md ______________________ 467 16. Twitch Cove and Big Thor- 4. Chester River, Md________ 469 oughfare River, Md __ _ 488 5. Queenstown Harbor, Md____ 471 17. Tangier Channel, Va _._ _ 490 6. Claiborne Harbor, Md ..... 472 18. Herring Bay and Rockhole 7. Tred Avon River, Md.___ 474 Creek, Md -------------- 491 8. Ohoptank River, Md________ 475 19. Examinations, surveys, and 9. Warwick River, Md____ 477 contingencies (general) 493 1. BALTIMORE HARBOR AND CHANNELS, MARYLAND Lovation and description.-Baltimore Harbor consists of the Patapsco River and its tributaries. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 549.) There is a detached approach channel at York Spit. The subdivisions of the harbor are as follows: Patapsco River: The river is formed by the junction of the North and South branches, both of which rise in central Maryland. It is about 65 miles long and flows in a general southeasterly direction. The drainage area is approximately 350 square miles and the maxi- mum, minimum, and mean flows, at a point 24 miles above Baltimore, are said to be 1,200, 50, and 460 second-feet respectively. At Balti- more the character of the Patapsco changes from a comparatively small stream to a broad tidal estuary which joins Chesapeake Bay about 11 miles below the city. Tidal influence extends upstream a short distance above Baltimore, but the head of navigation is at the fixed bridge on Hanover Street and the portions of the river which are of commercial importance lie in and below the city, where the widths vary from one-half mile to 3 miles. Northwest Branch: This is a tidal estuary of the Patapsco which extends from Fort McHenry to Light Street, and is the inner harbor or basin. It penetrates into the center of the city and is about 3 miles long with widths varying from 1,000 to 4,000 feet. Middle Branch (Spring Garden): This is a tidal estuary of the Patapsco which extends from Ferry Bar to the foot of Eutaw Street. It is about a mile and a half long and from 1,000 to 4,000 feet wide. Curtis Bay: This is a tidal estuary on the south side of the Patapsco about 8 miles above its mouth. It is about 1 mile long by three-quarters of a mile wide. It is the mouth of Curtis Creek, which rises in Anne Arundel County, Md. York Spit: This is a shoal in lower Chesapeake Bay, off York Spit, Va., 158 miles from Baltimore. Original condition,.-Patapsco River: Above Baltimore the Pa- tapsco was a flowing stream, seldom more than 200 feet wide, but small vessels at one time ascended to Elk Ridge Landing, 6 miles above the present head of navigation. From Baltimore to Chesa- peake Bay a depth of 17 feet at low tide and 18 feet at high tide was RIVERS AND HARBORS-BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 459 available. Vessels of greater draft were obliged to lighter a portion of their cargoes about 14 miles below the city in order to reach the wharves. Northwest Branch: The average natural depth was about 17 feet at mean low water. Middle Branch: Prior to improvement by the United States the city of Baltimore had dredged a channel 15 feet deep at mean low water from the main ship channel in the Patapsco River to the foot of Eutaw Street. The navigable portion of the channel was about 4 miles long. Curtis Bay: The natural depth available in Curtis Bay was 20 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation for shallow-draft ves- sels was in Curtis Creek, 5 miles above its entrance into Curtis Bay. The navigable portions of the bay and creek together were about 6 miles long. York Spit: The depth on York Spit at mean low water was about 32 feet. Previous projects.-Patapsco River: The original project was dated July 4, 1836. Modifications were contained in the acts of August 30, 1852; June 10, 1872; March 3, 1881; June 3, 1896; March 3, 1905; March 3, 1909; February 27, 1911; and March 4, 1913. Northwest Branch: No improvement by the United States. Middle Branch: The original project was dated June 3, 1896. It was for a channel 27 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the main ship channel near Fort McHenry past Ferry Bar and up the Middle Branch to the foot of Eutaw Street, with a turning basin 400 feet square at the upper end. The project was completed in 1905. Curtis Bay: The original project was dated July 15, 1892. It was modified by the act of June 13, 1902, which provided for a channel 30 feet deep and 250 feet wide from the main ship channel to the old sugar refinery wharf in South Baltimore Harbor. The estimated cost was $196,000. The project was completed in 1904. York Spit: The original project was dated March 3, 1905. It provided for a channel 35 feet deep and 600 feet wide. The total cost and expenditures on original and modified projects prior to the project cqntained in the act of August 8, 1917, were: For new work, $8,764,003.40; for maintenance, $399,801.77; a total of $9,163,805.17. For further details of previous projects see pages 1787 and 1788 of the Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for: (a) A main channel between Cape Charles, Va., and Fort McHenry, Baltimore, Md., with dimen- sions as follows: Thirty-seven feet deep and 1,000 feet wide between the curves of 37-foot depth in Chesapeake Bay opposite York Spit, a distance of about 4 miles: 37 feet deep and a general width of 600 feet from the 37-foot curve in Chesapeake Bay at the entrance to the Craighill section to the west side of the main private channel to Sparrows Point, a distance of about 121/2 miles, and thence 35 feet deep and 600 feet wide to Fort McHenry, a distance of about 71/2 miles; (b) for branch channel with dimensions as follows: Thirty- five feet deep and 400 feet wide from the main channel to head of Curtis Bay, a distance of about 21/5 miles; 35 feet deep and 400 feet wide from the main channel at Fort McHenry to Ferry Bar, and thence 27 feet deep and 250 feet wide to the Western Maryland Rail- way bridge, a total distance of about 31/ miles; (c) for widening 460 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 the angle between the Fort McHenry and Ferry Bar sections; (d) for widening at the approaches and bends and for anchorages and turning basins, as approximately shown on the maps accompanying Rivers and Harbors Committee Document No. 11 Seventieth Con- gress, first session, and House Document No. 29, deventy-first Con- gress, first session; (e) it is further provided that as rapidly as the city of Baltimore, at its own expense, extends the 35-foot depth into the Northwest Branch (inner harbor) the United States shall take over the maintenance of that depth. The mean range of tide in the upper sections of the harbor is a little more than 1 foot under ordi- nary conditions, with an extreme range of 3 feet. In the York Spit Channel these ranges are 21/2 and 3.3 feet, respectively. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1929, is $4,404,640, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1929) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $187,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1905, provided for the main 35-foot channel 600 feet wide throughout (H. Doc. No. 186, 57th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 3, 1909, provided for the anchorage basin near the intersection of the Fort McHenry and Curtis Bay Channels upon the condition that such addition could be made within the original limit of cost (no prior estimate or recommendation); the act of February 27, 1911, provided for an increase of channel width at the entrances and bends, provided such increase could be made within the limit of the original estimate; the act of March 4, 1913, provided for an increase in width of the York Spit Channel from 600 feet to 1,000 feet (H. Doc. No. 1190, 62d Cong., 3d sess.); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for additions to the then existing project and for the inclusion of all Government river and harbor works in the Patapsco River, its tributaries, and the approaches thereto into one project to be known as Baltimore Harbor, Md., and approaches thereto (H. Doc. No. 799, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The act of January 21, 1927, authorized change in location of the anchorage near the upper end of the Fort McHenry Channel. The act of July 3, 1930, authorized increased anchorage facilities (H. Com. Doc. No. 11, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) ; increased depth from 35 to 37 feet in that portion of the channel leading to Baltimore lying between the 37-foot curve near Baltimore Light to the Sparrows Point entrance channel; similar increased depth in York Spit section; widening the angle between Fort McHenry and Ferry Bar sections; and increased width from 250 to 400 feet in the Curtis Bay section (H. Doc. No. 29, 71st Cong., 1st sess.). The last-mentioned document contains the latest published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, required that on all new work under the project approved by that act, except the channel into Curtis Bay, improvement by the United States is made conditional upon local interests providing, whenever required by the Chief of Engineers, free of cost to the United States, suitable areas behind bulkheads or other revetment, satisfactory to the district engineer, in which the dredged material may be de- posited. In compliance with this requirement the city of Baltimore provided space behind a bulkhead at McComas Street on which 82,998 cubic yards were deposited. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BALTIMOR]E, MD., DISTRICT 461 The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, provides for increased anchorage facilities, subject to the provisions that no work shall be started on the area therein recommended until local interests have provided suitable disposal areas satisfactory to the district engineer alongside of bulkheads behind which said interests will agree to pump the material without delay to the Government work; or, in lieu of the above requirement, agree to contribute the sum of 5 cents per cubic yard, scow measure, to cover the additional cost to the United States for disposal of the material on its own dumping area. The city is constructing an airport, which involved (a) fill behind bulkheads of more than 10,000,000 cubic yards of material. Mate- rial removed under the existing project and deposited into a rehandling basin alongside these bulkheads has been deposited by the city on the airport site. In the prosecution of the existing project agreements with the city will be sought to carry out the above provisions of local cooperation. Terminal facilities.-The total length of developed water front in Baltimore Harbor, measured along the established bulkhead line, was reported by the harbor board of the city as about 23 miles. Ex- tensive areas remain which are available for further development. The existing terminal facilities include wharves, piers, grain ele- vators, coal and ore piers, storage and bunkering facilities for fuel oil, terminal warehouses, marine railways, dry docks, and shipyards. There are accommodations for all classes of vessels from the smallest to ships of 35-foot draft. The municipality owns about 10,000 feet of water front, of which about 65 per cent is developed. There are nine important municipal piers, some of which are leased to private concerns for their exclusive use in bay and coastwise traffic and for other purposes, while others are open to general public use upon rea- sonable terms. Portions of the privately owned water front are used exclusively by the owners, ordinarily for the receipt or shipment of bulk cargoes. Vessels may berth at the terminals of the three rail- roads and of the Canton Co. to receive or discharge cargo, wharfage charges being absorbed in the rail freight rates. The piers and wharves are generally sufficient for the particular uses to which they are put. The methods of freight handling vary from hand trucking to the use of the most modern mechanical handling devices. Many of the piers have physical connection with the railroads entering the city. The .Baltimore & Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Western Maryland Railroads have their own water terminals with facilities for handling grain, coal, and general cargo. The bulk of the coastwise and for- eign commerce is handled through these railroad terminals and at the terminal of the Canton Co., which receives from and delivers to the three trunk lines mentioned. The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad has at Curtis Bay a coal pier which has the largest loading capacity in the world. All of the piers within the city are reached by ade- quate paved highways. A municipally owned belt-line railway, some 3 miles long, encircles the upper end of the inner harbor and con- nects the tracks of the Baltimore & Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Western Maryland Railroads. The latest description of terminal facilities is contained in the publication entitled "Port Series No. 16" on the port of Baltimore, Md., issued by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors. 462 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Preliminary steps have been taken looking to a very great increase in: municipal terminal facilities. The State legislature has author- ized the city of Baltimore to incur an indebtedness of $50,000,000 for the development of the port. Of this amount $10,000,000 is im- mediately available for the construction of terminals subject to the restriction that no construction work can be undertaken until a lease at a fair rental for a term of years has been entered into with a re- sponsible person or corporation. The Port Development Commis- sion, which is charged with the administration of this fund, has com- pleted the construction of a $8,500,000 terminal pier at Port Coving- ton under agreement with the Western Maryland Railway Co. Effect of iimprovement.-The increased depths provided by dredg- ing in the York Spit approach channel and in the main channel from Chesapeake Bay to Fort McHenry have made it possible for Balti- more to be reached by the larger vessels, without which it could not have attained its present development as a major port. These chan- nels are now used by vessels drawing as much as 35 feet of water. The city of Baltimore and private interests have extended the project depth of 35 feet from the upper end of the main channel into cer- tain sections of the inner harbor, thus enabling the larger ships which require this depth to reach the piers which are situated there. The dredging of the branch channel into Curtis Bay has contributed directly to the extensive industrial development in that section, where many enterprises using water transportation have located. The Old Spring Garden Channel leading into the Middle Branch aided in the development of the southern and southwestern portions of the city, and numerous industries, some of which use deep-water transporta- tion, are situated there. This old channel is superseded under the present project by the Ferry Bar section of larger dimensions, and the work so far done therein has provided improved access to the Western Maryland Railway terminal at Port Covington. The anchorage areas provided under the project are used by loaded ships which require deep-water anchorage. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging under con- tract for maintenance in the Cutoff-Brewerton angle was commenced June 11, 1929, and completed May 15, 1930. Dredging under con- tract for new work in Ferry Bar and.Riverview anchorage was com- menced October 21, 1929, and completed June 30, 1930. Numerous inspections of private dredging work were made and the district floating plant was maintained in good condition. The total costs were $684,607.73, of which $295,384.56 has been for new work, and $389,223.17 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $668,293.03. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 25 per cent completed. The approach channel opposite York Spit, the main channel as far as Fort McHenry, the branch channel into Cur- tis Bay, for a width of 250 feet; the branch channel (Ferry Bar sec- tion) into Port Covington, the anchorage basin below the entrance to Curtis Bay, the Fort McHenry anchorage, and one of the three sections of the Riverview anchorage have been dredged to 35 feet depth. The Ferry Bar section from Port Covington to Ferry Bar has been dredged for a width of 150 feet to 35 feet depth and the Spring Garden section from Ferry Bar to Hanover Street Bridge has been dredged for width of 150 feet to 27 feet depth. The work re- RIVERS AND HIARBORS-BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 463 maining to be done includes completion of the York Spit section, the Craighill, Cutoff, and Brewerton section to the main private chan- nel leading to Sparrows Point to 37 feet depth; includes the com- pletion of the branch channels to Ferry Bar, and through Curtis Bay; the widening of the angle between the Ferry Bar and Fort Mc- Henry section; the dredging of two sections of the Riverview anchor- age to 35 feet depth; and the dredging of the branch channel to Spring Garden to 27 feet depth. The controlling depths are 36.0 feet in the York Spit Channel, ascertained in May, 1930; 34.4 feet in Craighill entrance; 34.1 feet in Craighill section; 32.0 feet in Cut- off section; 32.0 feet in Brewerton section, ascertained in May, 1930; and 35 feet in the Fort McHenry section ascertained in June, 1929; 341/2 feet in the branch channel to Curtis Bay, ascertained in Septem- ber, 1924; 31 feet in the portion of the branch channel to Ferry Bar from its intersections with the Fort McHenry Channel to the private channel leading to-the Western Maryland Railway piers, ascertained in May, 1930; and thence 29 feet to Ferry Bar, ascertained in No- vember, 1923, and 27 feet from Ferry Bar to the Hanover Street Bridge, ascertained in December, 1923, thence 27 feet in the old Southwest Baltimore Harbor Channel, above Hanover Street Bridge, ascertained in January, 1928. Total costs under the existing project have been $3,703,563.10, of which $1,083,094.70 has been for new work and $2,620,468.40 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $3,692,102.27. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1930, as follows: Dredging, new work, by contract, new Riverview anchorage--_ $45, 987. 96 Dredging, maintenance, by contract to be made or by Government plant, in Craighill Channel, including Craighill Cutoff angle, and Cutoff-Brewerton angle------------------------------_-- 200, 000. 00 Dredging, maintenance, by contract to be made or by Government plant, in Cutoff and Brewerton Channels------------------- 223, 000.00 Dredging, maintenance, by contract to be made, in middle section of Ferry Bar Channel from Fort McHenry Channel to Port Coving- ton entrance channel and elsewhere as may. be required -------- 159, 500. 00 Engineering, superintendence, inspection, upkeep of floating plant, and office expenses ------------------- ------------------- 63, 784. 60 Total------------------------------ ------- ---- 692, 272. 56 It is expected that work on two contracts to be entered into will be at the rate of 150,000 and 100,000 cubic yards per month, respec- tively, and that work will be begun in September and October, 1930, and completed in December, 1931. The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 ($640,000) will be applied as follows: Dredging, maintenance, by contract to be made in upper sections of project ---------------------------------------- $180,000 Dredging, new work, by contract to be made, one section of the River- view anchorage----.-.-------------------- 90, 000 Dredging, new work, by Government plant, below Sparrows Point---- 306, 000 Engineering, superintendence, upkeep of floating plant, and office expenses ------------------------------------------------- 64, 000 Total ----------------------------------------------- 640, 000 Commercial statistics.--The general character of the commerce for the current year consisted of coal, grain, general merchandise, ore, 11714---ENG 1930----30 464 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 iron and steel, wood pulp, lumber and petroleum products, fertilizer ingredients, sugar, sand, and gravel. There are 29 regular lines of steamers operating between Baltimore and foreign ports; 14 engaged in coastwise and intercoastal traffic, and 8 operating on bay and river routes. The usual limit of draft for loaded boats is as follows: Patapsco River, 33 feet for trans-Atlantic ships, 24 feet for coast- wise ships, 9 feet for through bay traffic, and 6 feet for steam packets on bay tributaries; for sailing vessels using the bay, about 7 to 8 feet; Curtis Bay section, 33 feet; Southwest Baltimore Harbor section, 22 feet. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Year Year 19251 ....... 17, 528, 157 $949,682,217 971, 824 1928 4-...... 17, 013, 820 $761, 723, 171 931, 485 1926 2--....... 22, 906, 205 932, 843, 770 1, 007, 218 1929 5....... 20, 264, 165 787, 725, 740 1, 161, 557 1927 3....... 17, 158, 507 781, 541, 204 837, 560 1 Exclusive of 1,978,552 tons car-ferry traffic, value $77,873,391. 2 Exclusive of 1,912,818 tons car-ferry traffic, value $80,240,687. 8Exclusive 4 Exclusive 3 Exclusive of of of 1,579,560 2,207,005 2,927,499 tons car-ferry traffic, value $89,201,334. tons car-ferry traffic, value $110,066,007. tons car-ferry traffic, value $110,097,213. Cost and financial summary --------- Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---_________ $9, 847, 098. 10 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------- ------ 3, 020, 270. 17 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 867, 368.27 1---------2, Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------- --- 41, 462.64 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_ ____ _________-12, 908, 830. 91 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930---------- ---- 3, 408.76 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 ---------------------12, 912, 239. 67 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------ 56, 332.23 Net total expenditures ______-_____ _ 12, 855, 907. 44 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-----__------ -__--------- 692, 272. 56 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-----------. 13,548, 180.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work----------- ----------------------------------------------- $295, 384.56 Cost of maintenance.....--------------..$202, 438. 91 $228, 478. 53 $200, 774. 70 $325, 948. 18 389, 223. 17 Total cost ---------------------- 202,438. 91 228,478. 53 200,774. 70 325, 948.18 684, 607. 73 Total expended......___________________________ 202, 438. 91 228, 478. 53 162, 540. 59 320,179. 50 668,293. 03 Allotted ......-------------- 340000,00 500, 000.00 139, 500. 00 410, 000. 00 535, 500. 00 ---------------------- 00- 500,000.0013,000 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929..--------------------------- $825, 065. 59 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929 -______----- -___-- $60, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930- --- -------- 6__ 000. 00 631, 691, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for- -- 1, 516, 065. 59 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment- - -- - -- 155, 500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for--..----------, .1,360, 565. 59 RIVERS AND HARBORS-BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 465 Gross amount expended----------------------- $668,313.28 Less receipts from sales --------------------------- 20. 25 $668, 293. 03 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------- ------- 692, 272. 56 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_--------- 3, 852. 50 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts---------- 60, 060. 77 63, 913. 27 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------------- 628, 359. 29 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930_--------- 3, 408. 76 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930-------------- 631, 768.05 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- existing project 1- - 3, 270, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: --- For new work 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 440, 000. 00 For maintenance 1-_-_ --------------------------------- 200, 000. 00 ------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - Total 1- - 640, 000. 00 2. SUSQUEHANNA RIVER ABOVE AND BELOW HAVRE DE GRACE, MD. Location and description.-The river rises in the southern part of New York, and, flowing in a general southerly direction for over 400 miles, empties into the head of Chesapeake Bay. Above Port Deposit, Md., it is nontidal. Its source is 1,193 feet above tide, and the drainage area is 27,400 square miles. It is extensively used for power purposes. The maximum recorded discharge is 687,000 sec- ond-feet, the minimum 2,250. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1226.) Original condition.-Above Port Deposit the river contained sev- eral disjointed stretches which were navigable for shallow-draft vessels, but it was not used for regular navigation above the tidal limit. It was used for rafting and logging below Williamsport, Pa., and was formerly canalized to the New York State line. The con- trolling depth between Port Deposit and the mouth was about 5 feet. The head of uninterrupted navigation was Port Deposit, 51/2 miles from the mouth. Previous project.-The original project was dated August 30, 1852. The cost and expenditures on this project prior to the existing proj- ect were $97,390. For further details of previous project see page 1788 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 200 feet wide and 15 feet deep at mean low water from Chesapeake Bay to Havre de Grace, and for the removal of the shoal opposite Watsons Island (which is above Havre de Grace) to a depth of 8 feet at mean low water. The length of the channel, including its prolongation in the bay to Spesutie Island, is about 51/2 miles, the lower end of the im- provement being about 5 miles below the mouth of the river proper. The mean range of tide is 21/2 feet and the extreme tidal range is 3.8 feet under ordinary conditions. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1911, was $200,750, exclusive of amounts expended under the previous project. The latest (1928) approved estimate for an- nual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The existig project was adopted 1 Exclusive of available funds. 466 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882. The latest published map may be found opposite page 1806, Annual Report for 1913. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 9 bulkhead wharves and 2 open- pile timber piers served by this improvement, all privately owned, aggregating a frontage of approximately 4,000 feet. Six of these are open to general public use. These are considered adequate for existing commerce. Two of the wharves at Havre de Grace are in a dilapidated condition and are seldom used. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has rendered naviga- tion to Havre de Grace, Port Deposit, and the quarries along the lower river freer and safer. Up to the present time the size of ves- sels using the channel has not been increased to take full advantage of the greater depths provided. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1915 at a saving of $27,476 under the estimated cost and has been maintained in good condition. The controlling depth at mean low water, ascertained in May, 1928, is 12 feet, which is adequate for existing commerce. The total costs of the existing project have been $173,274.40 for new work and $44,255.60 for maintenance, a total of $217,530. The total expenditures were $217,530. Proposedoperations.-None. No funds are believed to be necessary to maintain the improvement in condition to care for the needs of existing and prospective commerce until June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of oils, sand, gravel, and tomatoes. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 13.5 feet. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Caldar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925.....--------. 62,376 $298,760 24, 283 1928 .......------ 12,636 $144,169............ 1926-------- 56,035 218,887 18,500 1929-------....... 10,115 110,692.......... 1927------- - 9,276 183, 852 20,162 The decreased tonnage for 1929 is due to a decrease in shipments of stone. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------$270, 664. 40 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930___-------------------------- 44, 255.60 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930____________ 314, 920.00 Net total expenditures ___ ----------------------- 314, 920. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------ ----------- 314, 920. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost Cost of new work.os. cost of maintenance of new workc----------------------- . . . . . ------------ . . . .. I------------ . . ------------ .. . . ------------ .. ------ . . Total expended... . ... . .--- .. .. Allotted ...................................- ------ -.........-------------........................... RIVERS AND HARBORS-BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 467 3. ELK AND LITTLE ELK RIVERS, MD. Location and description.-The Elk River rises in Chester County, Pa., and flows in a generally southerly direction for about 35 miles and empties into the head of Chesapeake Bay. About 15 miles from its mouth it is joined by the Little Elk, which also rises in Chester County and flows in a generally southerly direction about 12 miles. The tide extends about 1 mile above the Bridge Street bridge at Elkton, Md., on the Elk, and about 1 mile above the upper end of the project on the Little Elk. Both streams above the tidal influence drain semimountainous regions and have steep courses with small natural flow. The watershed is subject to sudden and heavy freshets, bringing down large quantities of material. The drainage area above the junction of the streams is about 115 square miles, 74 per cent of which is drained by the Elk and the remainder by the Little Elk River. The discharge is unknown. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1226.) Original condition.-Above tidal limits these streams were small and unnavigable, while in the tidal portions above the junction of the Elk and Little Elk Rivers they were navigable by small craft only. The head of navigation was at Elkton, and the length of the navigable portion of Elk River was about 16 miles and of Little Elk River 2,000 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was dated June 23, 1874. Modifications were made September 19, 1890, June 13, 1902, and March 2, 1907. The amount expended on the original and modified project prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1912 was $79,625.65 for new work and $24,320.94 for maintenance, a total of $103,946.59. For further details and previous projects see pages 1778 and 525 of Annual Reports for 1915 and 1922, respectively. Ewisting project. This provides for a channel in the Elk River 7 feet deep at mean low water and 80 feet wide from deep water to a point about 1,200 feet above the mouth of the Little Elk at Cedar Point, and thence 7 feet deep and 40 feet wide to the Bridge Street Bridge at Elkton, and for a channel 7 feet deep and 80 feet wide in the Little Elk River for a distance of 2,000 feet above its mouth. The lower end of the improvement is about 15 miles above the mouth of the Elk. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is about 2 feet, and the extreme tidal range is about 3.9 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $18,060, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects, of which $8,020 is to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000, of which $2,000 is to be contributed by local interests. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act ap- proved July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 770, 62d Cong., 2d sess.), and modified by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 216, 70th Cong., 1st sess.), the latter act providing for the channel in Elk River above Cedar Point. The latest published maps are in the project documents. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act of July 25, 1912, required that pri- vate interests should contribute one-third ($2,020) of the estimated 468 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARiMY, 1930 amount for completion of the project then adopted. This condition was complied with. The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, imposed the con- dition that local interests shall contribute 50 per cent of the first costs of the extension of the channel to Elkton, $6,000, and, when maintenance work is necessary on the Elk River, shall contribute 50 per cent of the cost thereof. This condition has not been com- plied with. Terminal facilities.-There are 1,200 feet of bulkhead wharves served by this improvement, all privately owned, 150 feet of which are open to general public use. The present wharves are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improveme nt.-Barges, loaded principally with pulp- wood, have been enabled to reach the wharf at the paper mill in Elkton. Operations and resudts during fiscal year.-No work done. No expenditures or costs. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project exclusive of the section adopted by the river and harbor act, July 3, 1930, was completed in 1914. The controlling depth at mean low water in Elk River, ascertained in October, 1927, was 6 feet. The total costs of the existing project have been $4,040 for new work and $20,021.41 for maintenance, a total of $24,061.41. Total expenditures were $24,061.41. In addition $2,020 was contributed by local interests and expended on the project. Proposed operations.-No funds are available for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, $12,000, including $6,000 to be contributed by local interests, will be applied to dredging a channel 7 feet deep and 40 feet wide, with widening at the bends from the 7-foot contour near Cedar Point to the Bridge Street Bridge at Elkton as author- ized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of pulpwood, oils, and tomatoes. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 6 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value ... 1925____--------____ ________ 63,381 $465,133 1928---____------ ------- _ 63,078 $512,703 1926_______________ ________...... 56, 784 447, 280 ----- 1929__-_____ ----- __ 58, 443 416, 692 1927 ___________ ________ 58,841 468, 297 The decrease in commerce for 1929 is due to a falling off in receipts of pulpwood and oils. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ___----------------- ------ _ $83, 665. 65 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 44, 342. 35 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 --- - 128, 008. 00 Net total expenditures-........------ - - 128, 008.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------- --------- 128, 008. 00 1 Exclusive of $2,020 contributed by local interests. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 469 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..------------ -------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance....-------------------------------------------------------------- Total expended-------------------- ------------------------- Allotted---..........---------------------- ----------------------------------------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -- ------------------ $6, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for new work ----------------------------------- 6, 000.00 4. CHESTER RIVER, MD. Location and description.-This stream rises in Kent County, Del., flows in a generally southwesterly direction and empties into Chesa- peake Bay. Its total length is less than 50 miles. The river is tidal for practically its entire length and has but small natural flow. The improved portion is from Crumpton to Jones Landing. The drainage area is about 162 square miles. The discharge is unknown. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 78.) Original condition.-Vessels drawing 6 feet of water could reach Crumpton at low tide, and from that point to Jones Landing, 61/4 miles, the controlling depth was 3 feet. The head of navigation was Millington, Md., and the length of the navigable portion was about 41 miles. Previous projects.-The original project for this river was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1873, and provided for a channel 100 feet in width and 7 feet in depth at mean low water from Chester River to Eastern Bay through Kent Island Narrows, Md. A project was adopted March 3, 1881, for dredging a channel 8 feet deep by 120 feet wide from Sprys Landing to Crumpton, Md. The total costs and expenditures on these projects prior to the existing project were $38,041.46. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep and 60 feet wide at mean low water from Crumpton to Jones Landing, a distance of 61/4 miles, the lower end of the improved section being about 33 miles from the mouth of the river. The mean range of tide is 2.4 feet and the extreme tidal range is 4 feet under ordinary conditions. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1900, was $19,562.50, exclusive of the amount expended under previous proj- ects. The latest (1922) approved estimate for annual cost of main- tenance is .$1,200. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 65, 51st Cong., 1st sess.). No map has been published. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are two bulkhead wharves, in poor con- dition, with dockage room of 100 feet and 120 feet, and available depths of 2 feet and 6 feet, respectively, served by the improvement, both privately owned and open to general public use. They are of solid fill with log revetment and are considered adequate for existing 2 In addition, $6,000 to be contributed by local interests. 470 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMVY, 1930 commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has rendered naviga= tion from Crumpton to Jones Landing freer and safer. As far as can be ascertained, little advantage is being taken of the increased facilities. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The remaining 50 per cent of maintenance dredging under contract in the Kent Island Nar- rows section, which was commenced April 6, 1929, was completed in December, 1929, which involved the removal of two areas, one 35 feet by 100 feet, the other 300 feet by 100 feet where ledge rock was en- countered which could not be removed by the contractor's plant, but which was later taken out by special plant hired for the purpose. The total costs, all for maintenance, were $9,845.28. The total expenditures were $14,702.10. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1903 and is in good condition. The controlling depth in the river proper, ascertained in November, 1929, is 6 feet to Kirbys Landing, which is about 2 miles below Jones Landing, and 7 feet in Kent Island Narrows section. The total costs of the existing project have been $17,659.48 for new work and $44,351.35 for maintenance, a total of $62,010.83. The total expenditures were $62,010.83. Proposed operations.-None. No funds are believed to be neces- sary to maintain the improvement in condition to care for the needs of existing and prospective commerce until June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of oils, tomatoes, oyster shells, grain, slag, cinders, and fertilizer. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 5 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925 ---------- 40, 903 $1, 139, 125 (1) 1928 ---------- 31, 049 $694, 360 (1) 1926....---------- 31, 775 978, 884 (1) _ 1929----------_ 42, 481 733, 040 (1) 1927 ----------.... 34, 001 975, 559 (1) 1 No statistics available. The increased tonnage for 1929 is due to an increase in shipments of oyster shells, tomatoes, and cinders. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_______ _____________ $55, 700. 94 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930________-- ________________ 44, 351. 35 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--____---- 100, 052. 29 Net total expenditures -------------------- 00, 052. 29 1-------------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ----------- -------- 100, 052. 29 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------.. ------------------------------- Cost of maintenance .. . _... ----------- ------------ .. .. .. ..------------ .. $13, 732. 77 $9, 845. 28 Total expended - - ............ -- _ ..-- 8, 875. 95 14, 702. 10 Allotted......_... .............. ---------------------- $5, 000.00 17, 000. 00 1. 578. 05 RIVERS AND HARBORS-BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 471 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_----------------------------$13, 124. 05 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929------------------- -------------------------- 3, 000. 00 Amount to ccounted for------------------------------- 16,124.05 Deductions on acco nt of revocation of allotment--------------- 1, 421. 95 Net amount to be accounted for --------------------- 14, 702. 10 Gross amount expended------------------------------------14,702.10 5. QUEENSTOWN HARBOR, MD. Location and description.-This harbor is located on the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay, about 35 miles southeast of Baltimore Harbor. It is an estuary of Chester River and is about one-half a mile square. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 548.) Original condition.-Prior to 1871 the controlling depth was 6 feet. Queenstown, about one-half mile above the mouth of the har- bor, was the head of navigation. Previous projects.-The original project was dated March 3, 1871. The cost and expenditures on it prior to adoption of the existing project in 1902 were $19,000. For further details of previous projects, see page 1789 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep and 200 feet wide at mean low water from that depth in Chester River to the 10-foot contour in the inner harbor, a distance of about 1 mile. The mean range of tide is about 2 feet, and the extreme tidal range is 4.8 feet under ordinary conditions. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1907, was $25,886.35, exclusive of amounts expended under previous project. The latest (1922) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 92, 56th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifceatio'ns of project.-The project has been rec- ommended for abandonment (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are three open-pile wharves served by this improvement, one of which is condemned and no longer used. All are privately owned and are not open to general public use. They are considered adequate for existing commerce. The present available wharf frontage is about 500 feet. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). Effect of improvement.-The improvement has rendered naviga- tion to Queenstown, which is located on the Baltimore & Eastern Railroad (formerly the Maryland, Delaware & Virginia Railway), easier and safer and has.enabled vessels of greater size to reach the wharves at that point. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1911 and is in good condition. The controlling depth at mean low water is 10 feet, ascertained in May, 1928. The total costs of the existing project have been $25,858.27 for new work, and $26,314.84 for maintenance, a total of $52,173.11. The total expendi- tures Were $52,173.11. 472 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Proposed operations.-None. No funds are believed to be neces- sary to maintain the improvement in condition to care for the needs of existing and prospective commerce until June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The general character ofie commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of wheat. SteanMr service to this harbor has been discontinued. The limit of draft for loaded boats" is 8 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925 ......---------- 5, 407 $119, 000 ------------ 1928 ...--------------- 59 $12,475---------- 1926---- - 204 45, 609 125 1929-.......- -103 3,974----- 1927----- --- 180 2,925.......... The increased tonnage for 1929 is due to increase in shipments of wheat. Cost and financ'al summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_______________-------------------------- $44, 858. 27 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_____________11111___ 26, 314. 84 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 71, 173. 11 Net total expenditures-----------------------------------71, 173. 11 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------------- 71, 173. 11 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work -- Cost of maintenance, . Total expended -- ------- Allotted ----------------------------------------------------------------- 6. CLAIBORNE HARBOR, MD. Location and description.-This harbor is about one-half mile square and is located on the eastern side of Eastern Bay, in arm of Chesapeake Bay, about 42 miles southeast of Baltimore Harbor. It is protected somewhat from the currents from Eastern Bay around Tilghman Point by a short jetty. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1225.) Original condition.-Before 1902 the controlling depth was 9 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation was at Claiborne, about one-half mile above the mouth of the harbor. A jetty about 800 feet long had been constructed by the Baltimore, Chesapeake & Atlantic Railway Co. Previous project.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 14 feet deep from the vicinity of the harbor wharves to deep water in Eastern Bay with widths of 100 feet at mean low water for a distance of 1,800 feet to the bend opposite the existing Black Beacon, thence widening in a distance of 260 feet to 150 feet to the 14-foot depth in Eastern Bay, with necessary widening at the bends. The total length of the chan- RIVERS AND HARBORS-BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 473 nel is about 4,400 feet. The project also provides for a 250-foot extension of the jetty built by the railway company. The mean range of tide is about 2 feet, and the extreme tidal range is 4.2 feet under ordinary conditions The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1930, is $42,000. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for a channel 12 feet deep and for extension of the jetty (H. Doc. No. 81, 56th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the present dimensions of the channel. The latest published map is in Senate Document No. 157, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of roject.-None. Local cooperation.--None required by law. Before the United States undertook the improvement of this harbor, the Baltimore, Chesapeake & Atlantic Railway Co. had constructed a solid-fill land- ing pier and a jetty which now serve to protect the dredged channel. The cost of these structures is unknown. Terminal facilities.-There are two solid bulkhead wharves, with open pile piers at their outer ends served by this improvement. They are privately owned and are not open to general public use. They afford about 1,050 feet of available wharfage and are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement so far accomplished has made it possible for larger vessels to reach Claiborne, which is the eastern terminus of the Claiborne-Annapolis ferry line, a link in the State road system. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work done and no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project, exclusive of the modification adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (on which no work has been done), was completed in 1911 (channel) and 1912 (jetty), and has been maintained in satisfactory condition. The controlling depth at mean low water was 111/2 feet, ascertained in May, 1930. The total costs of the existing project have been: Dredging, $27,373.65; jetty construction, $2,500; total for new work, $29,873.65; maintenance by dredging, $46,422.34; jetty re- pair, $2,161.93; total for maintenance, $48,584.27; making the total for the entire work $78,457.92. The total expenditures were $78,457.92. Proposed operations.-No funds are available, and no maintenance is expected to be necessary before June 30, 1932. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-No statistics available. The limit of draft for loaded vessels is 12 feet. 474 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendr year Short tons Value Passengers 19251......---------. 13, 038 $3, 430, 575 152, 210 1928 . _ 17, 019 $2, 556, 129 228,284 1926 2--- 15, 581 3, 940, 049 144, 672 1929 ----- -- - 289, 305 1927 --------- 16, 553 2, 190, 545 207, 345 1 Exclusive of ferry traffic between Annapolis and Claiborne, 35,981 tons, valued at $29,916,500, con- sisting of automobiles and trucks. 2 Exclusive of ferry traffic between Annapolis and Claiborne, 38,427 tons, valued at $23,056,200, consist- ing of automobiles and trucks. 8 Exclusive of ferry traffic between Annapolis and Claiborne, 53,777 tons, valued at $32,266,000, consist- ing of automobiles and trucks. 4Exclusive of ferry traffic between Annapolis and Claiborne, 64,384 tons, valued at $32,256,384, consisting of automobiles and trucks. 6 Ferry traffic between Annapolis and Claiborne, 76,352 tons, valued at $36,267,200, consisting of automo- biles and trucks. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ ________----------- $29, 873.65 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------- -- 48, 584. 27 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 78, 457. 92 Net total expenditures__ _____-___ __-______ 78, 457.92 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------------78, 457. 92 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.. ...........-- -- ..........- Cost of maintenance----------------------------------------------30638 Total expended- __________ ----..-- 11,306.38------------ Allotted-- ---------------------------------------------------- 11,306.38.. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------------------------------------------------- $12, 125 7. TRED AVON RIVER, MD. No work has been done on the 2,100-foot section of the project in the North Fork of Tred Avon River due to noncompliance with the requirement of local cooperation. The channel to Eastern Point has been completed. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and no balance is available. No work is now proposed for the reason that the completed portion of the project is in good condition, and is not expected to require maintenance in order to care for the needs of existing and prospective commerce until June 30, 1932. For a full description of this project, see Annual Report for 1923, page 420. Cormerciallstatistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of canned goods, fish, oysters, oyster shells, fertilizers, general merchandise, petroleum products, and slag. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 8 feet. Comparative statem ent Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925 ... .. 11, 390 $961, 023 1,691 1928___ . 9, 761 $413, 018 193 1926 .- ---... 9, 900 658, 845 853 1929 ....... - 14, 485 444, 385 388 1927 .. __ . 10, 184 510, 330 739 RIVERS AND HARBORS-BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 475 The increased tonnage for 1929 is due to an increase in receipts of slag. Cost and fnanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------------- $12, 692.87 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 , 140. 93 1------------------------- Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------13, 833. 80 Net total expenditures------------------------ ------------- 13, 833. 80 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------13, 833.80 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work......------------------ Cost of maintenance---------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- Total expended....------------------------............---------------............---------- -............----------------............--------------............--- Allotted.... ................ ............................................... Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------- ----------------------------- $19, 600 8. CHOPTANK RIVER, MD. Location and description.--This stream rises partly in Delaware and partly in Maryland, between Dover, Del., and Centerville, Md., flows in a generally southwesterly direction until near Cambridge, where it turns to the northwest and empties into Chesapeake Bay. Its total length is about 70 miles. It is tidal for practically its entire length, is sluggish, and has but small natural flow. The drainage area is 192 square miles. The discharge is unknown. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 78.) Original condition.-The depth between Denton and Greensboro varied from 2 to 8 feet. Navigation by small sailing vessels extended only to 3 miles above Denton. Upon the remaining 5 miles to Greensboro freight had to be transported in scows. The head of navigation was at Greensboro, and the length of the navigable por- tions was about 46 miles. Previous Project.--None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 75 feet wide and 8 feet deep at mean low water from Denton to Greensboro, a distance of 8 miles, the lower end of the section being about 38 miles above the mouth of the river, and for a channel through Pealiquor Shoal (which is about 2 miles below Denton) 8 feet deep and 100 feet wide. The mean range of tide is about 2 feet, and the extreme tidal range is 4.6 feet under ordinary conditions. The estimate of cost for new work for the upper portion made in 1880 is $79,000, and the latest approved estimate (1917) for annual cost of maintenance for that section was $2,400. The estimate of cost of new work for the Pealiquor Shoal section is $6,300, with $900 annually for maintenance. The total estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $85,300. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,300. The existing project was adopted by 476 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880 (S. Ex. Doc. No. 66, 46th Cong., 2d sess.; and Annual Report for 1880, p. 634); and modified by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 188, 70th ong., 1st sess.), the last-mentioned act providing for the channel through Pealiquor Shoal. The latest published map is in the last mentioned document. Recomnmerded modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities at Denton consist of about 500 feet of bulkhead wharf and 3 open pile piers, some of which are equipped with warehouses, but have no mechanical freight- handling devices. These wharves are privately owned and open to the public at reasonable rates. They are considered adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-But little advantage has been taken of the increased facilities provided between Denton and Greensboro. It is believed the proposed deeper channel through Pealiquor Shoal will increase the traffic to Denton. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project, exclusive of the section adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, was completed in 1911. The controlling depth at mean low water, deter- mined in December, 1926, is 51/2 feet. The total costs of the existing project have been $78,996.34 for new work and $21,649.83 for main- tenance, a total of $100,646.17. The total expenditures were $100,646.17. Proposedoperations.-No funds are available, and no maintenance is expected to be necessary before June 30, 1932. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Comercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of petroleum products, fertilizer, marine products, riprap, general merchandise, and groceries. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 6 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925-......... 25, 053 $5, 115, 790 28, 626 1928 ........-- ---- 25, 199 $2, 495, 912 23, 032 1926.......... 34, 141 4, 401, 377 28, 782 1929---------- 29, 499 2, 802, 556 21, 961 1927.......... 38, 991 2, 722, 388 27, 168 The increased tonnage for 1929 is due to an increase in receipts of fertilizer and riprap. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------------- $78, 996. 34 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------ ---------- 21, 649. 83 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------- 100, 646. 17 Net total expenditures- ------------------------ 100, 646. 17 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------------------- 100, 646. 17 RIVERS AND HARBORS--BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 477 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work...----------- .-------------------------- ------------ Cost of maintenance----------------------- ------------ ------------------- Total expended.........................----------------------------------------------------- Allotted....------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------ Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of ex- isting project--------------------------------------------- $6, 300 9. WARWICK RIVER, MD. The existing project was completed in 1904 at a saving of $2,560 under the estimated cost. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year. No balance is available, and no work is now proposed, for the reason that the project is in good condition, and it is not expected that maintenance will be required prior to June 30, 1932, to care for the small volume of traffic which uses the improvement. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1922, page 542. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of tin plate. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 10 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925-------..- 5,171 $579,710 133 1928-......... 4,771 $450,685 1926 ......- --- 6,107 262,673 ------------ 1929_----.... 4,807 455,980----. - - 2, 488 1927.......... 74, 913 The increased tonnage for 1929 is due to an increase in receipts of tin plate. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 -------------------------- $22, 040. 82 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------- 24, 641.00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------- ---- 46, 681.82 Net total expenditures------------------------ ------------ 46,681.82 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 --------------------- 46, 681.82 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work----... ................ .--. ------- Cost of maintenance...............-- ......-.- Total expended. . . . .. . . ..------- --------- . . Allotted..I 10. CAMBRIDGE HARBOR, MD. Location and descriptior.-This harbor is about three-fourths of a mile long by one-fourth of a mile wide, and is a bight on the south side of Choptank River about 18 miles above its mouth. It is ap- 478 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEaERS, U. S. A Y, 19 3 0 proximately 70 miles southeast of Baltimore Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1225.) Original condition.--There was a controlling depth of 4 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation was at Cambridge, about one-half mile inside the outer end of the project. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1871, and was modified by the acts of August 11, 1888, and June 13, 1902. The cost and expendi- tures on previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing proj- ect were $61,321.13 for new work and $6,987.30 for maintenance, a total of $68,308.43. For further details of previous projects, see page 1789 of Annual Report for 1915 and page 424 of Annual Report for 1924. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide from deep water in Choptank River to the drawbridge, widened at the bends, and 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the bridge to the upper end of the harbor, with a turning basin 200 feet square at that point, provided that no dredg- ing shall be done by the United States within 30 feet of any wharf. The length of section included in the project is about 5,000 feet. The mean range of tide is about 1.7 feet and the extreme tidal range is 3.3 feet under ordinary conditions. The estimate of cost of new work, made in 1923, is $15,000, exclu- sive of amounts expended under previous projects. The estimated annual cost of maintenance is $400. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925 (H. Doc. No. 210, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is contained in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925, imposes the condition that local interests shall furnish, without cost to the Federal Government, suitable bulkheaded areas for the disposal of material excavated above the bridge. This condition has been complied with. Terminal facilities.-About 5,500 feet of privately owned solid bulkhead wharf is served by this improvement, some 5,000 feet of which is open to general public use. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement permits larger vessels to have access to the wharves in the upper part of the harbor, where several industries using water transportation have been located. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1929, and is in good condition. The controlling depths at mean low water are the project depths ascertained in January, 1929. The total costs of the existing project have been $20,276.43, all for new work. Total expenditures were $20,276.43. Proposed operations.-None. No funds are believed to be neces- sary to maintain the improvement in condition to care for the needs of existing and prospective commerce until June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of agricultural products, marine RIVERS AND HARBORS-BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 479 products, grain, fertilizer, tomatoes, oyster shells, slag, general mer- chandise, etc. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 12 feet in the outer harbor and 8 feet in the inner harbor. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925---------- 67, 090 $4, 999, 344 27, 745 1928 ---------- 37,193 $2, 327, 110 22, 271 1926-----...---..... 40, 067 3, 951, 230 28,010 1929_------ 37,677 2, 993, 955 21, 901 1927- -------- 54, 973 2, 685, 715 26, 605 The increased tonnage reported for 1929 is due to an increase in traffic of slag. Cost and finantial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------------- $81, 597. 56 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ,987.30 6------------------------- Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930___________- 88, 584. 86 Net total expenditures ---------------------------- 88, 584. 86 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------------- 88, 584. 86 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--------------- .----------------- --------- .....------ .... $20, 276.43 ------ Cost of maintenance--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total expended-......-------------------------------------------------- 20, 276.43 ------ Allotted------------------------ ---------- ------------ ----------- $15,000.00 5,276.43 11. SLAUGHTER CREEK, MD. The project is completed. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year. No balance is available, and no work is now proposed, for the reason that the project is in good condition, and no mainte- nance is believed to be necessary to care for the needs of existing and prospective commerce until June 30, 1932. For a full descrip- tion of this project see Annual Report for 1922, page 546. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for 1929 consisted of empty cans, cordwood, slag and oyster shells. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 7 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925--- ------------ ----------- ------------ 1928-----------1, 588 $57,800 ----------- 1926----------- 1927....--------- 224 $6,241 2,361 91, 208.. ------------ 11,300 27,200 The decreased tonnage for 1929 is due to a decrease in traffic of coal and gravel. 11714---IE N 1930--31 N480 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and flnanoiZ l 8smWnary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------$4, 140 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--- --------------------------- 500 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------------- 4, 640 Net total expenditures------------------------------------ 4, 640 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------------ 4, 640 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work................---------.--------- Cost of maintenance---------------------- ------------------------------------------ Total expended...----------------------- ---------------------------------------- Allotted--------- --------------------------------------------- 12. BROAD CREEK RIVER, DEL. Location and description.-This is a tributary of Nanticoke River, which rises near the Great Cypress Swamps in the southern part of Sussex County, Del., and flows in a westerly direction, emptying into Nanticoke River about 6 miles below Seaford, Del. It is about 18 miles long, the lower 8 miles being tidal. The drainage area is 108 square miles. The discharge is unknown. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 78.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low water depth to Laurel, the head of navigation, was 1/2 feet. The length of the navigable portion was 71/2 miles. Previous projects.-The original project was dated June 14, 1880, and was modified July 13,-1892. The amount expended on the original and modified projects, prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1912, was $50,000 for new work and $7,462.57 for main- tenance, a total of $57,462.57. For further details of previous projects, see page 1790 of Annual Report for 1915. E.isting project.-This provides for dredging a channel 70 feet wide and 8 feet deep at mean low water from Portsville Landing to Laurel; for straightening and widening several sharp bends in the river; and for widening the channel below the railroad bridge at Laurel so as to provide a suitable turning basin. The length of the section included in the project is 4 miles, and its lower end is about 3 miles above the mouth of the river. The mean range of tide is 3 feet, and the extreme tidal range is 4.5 feet under ordinary condi- tions. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1909, is $14,520, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1909) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 601, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map, see Annual Report for 1891, page 1209. Recommended modifications of project.---None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities. These consist of 2,600 linear feet of solid bulkhead wharves, all privately owned, except about 100 feet which are publicly owned. About 1,100 feet are open to general public use. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 481 (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement permits vessels whose draft does not exceed project depth to reach the factories at Laurel, Del. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913, and has been maintained in fair condition. The con- trolling depth at mean low water is 7 feet, ascertained in August, 1928. The total costs of the existing project have been $14,520 for new work and $6,151.83 for maintenance, a total of $20,671.83. The total expenditures were $20,671.83. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. No dredging has been done on this improvement since the fiscal year 1921 and reports have recently been received which indicate that it will be necessary to do maintenance work during the fiscal year 1932. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 ($4,000) will be applied as follows: Maintenance dredging (by contract) for removing shoals in the proj- ect channel-___-_________-___--____________ $3, 500 Engineering, inspection, and office expenses___________----------------- 500 Total- ----------------------------- --- 4,000 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of fertilizer, lumber, logs, and slag. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 7 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short:tons Value 1925 ---------------------- 24,834 $474, 986 1928--------------------- 27,649 $289, 007 1926 ---------------------- 4, 331 106,180 1929---------------------26,148 300,059 1927 --------------------- 20, 375 184, 801 The decreased tonnage reported for 1929 is due to the decrease in shipments of lumber. Cost and ftnanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----- ---- ---------- -__ $64, 520. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930- ---------------------- -- 13, 614. 40 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 -------- __ 78,134. 40 Net total expenditures------ ---------------------------- 78, 134. 40 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------ -78, 134.40 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work- - - - - -- - - - - - - --- -- - - - - Total expended-...................-.-.--- .. --------.. - .-... - -. .. ---. -- -..-. --. .. . -. ---. . A llotted ------..-.- --...--- .-- ---.- ..... .- - . . -. . . . . -.. . . -. . . - -. . . . Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance- -- ------------- $4, 000. 00 482 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 13. WICOMICO RIVER, MD. Location and description. This river has its source in the north- ern part of Wicomico County, Md., and flows in a generally south- westerly direction, emptying into Monie Bay, a tributary of Tangier Sound. Its total length is about 33 miles. It is tidal for over two- thirds its course, the remaining portion being through a flat country and having small flow. The drainage area is 74 square miles. The discharge is unknown. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 77.) Original condition.-The navigable channel, with a minimum depth of 8 feet, extended to within 2 miles of Salisbury. The ex- treme upper portions in the town of Salisbury as far as the milldam in the North Prong and the railroad bridge over the South Prong were quite shoal and had an average depth of only 18 inches at low tide. The head of navigation was at Salisbury and the length of the navigable portion was 23 miles. Previous projects.-The original project was dated June 10, 1872. The cost and expenditfres on it, prior to adoption of the existing project in 1890, were $50,000. For further details of previous proj- ects see page 1789 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide below the Main Street Bridge at Salisbury to deep water in Monie Bay, and 9 feet deep and 100 feet wide at bottom in the North and South Prongs at Salisbury to the head of navigation with a turning basin in each prong. The length of river included in the project is about 23 miles and the lower end of the project extends into Monie Bay. The mean range of tide is about 3 feet, and the extreme tidal range is 4.4 feet under ordinary conditions. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $141,300, exclusive of amount expended under previous projects. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, in adopting the 12-foot project limits expenditures thereon to $75,000, of which not to exceed $8,290 is for removal of shoals. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890 (H. Doc. No. 20, 51st Cong., 1st sess.), provided for a channel 9 feet deep from Main Street Bridge to about 2 miles below; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for an extension of the 9-foot depth into the North Prong from the Main Street Drawbridge to Salisbury milldam and a turning basin (H. Doc. No. 569, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 1509, 63d Cong., 3d sess.), extended the project for 9 feet depth into the South Prong to the head of navigation at Cathell Street, Salisbury, including a turning basin, and extended the proj- ect down to the mouth of the river in Monie Bay, and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the 12-foot channel. The latest published map is in House Document No. 1509, Sixty-third Congress, third session. Recommended niodi cations of project.-None. Local cooperatio.-Theact of June 25, 1910, required that no part of the amount appropriated for new work ($24,000) for the exten- sion from the drawbridge to the milldam in Salisbury on the North RIVERS AND HARBORS-BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 483 Prong should be expended until title to the land required for the necessary right of way and for the disposition of the dredge material was transferred to the United States free of cost. These conditions were fully observed and approved by the Chief of Engineers April 29, 1911. The act of March 2, 1919, required that local interests furnish free of cost to the United States suitable places for the disposal of dredged material, so protected as to prevent its return to navigable waters. These conditions have been met. The act of July 3, 1930, required that the work therein authorized shall not be commenced until local interests shall have furnished without cost to the United States, suitable areas for the disposal of the material to be dredged. These conditions have not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-These consist of approximately 8,000 feet of solid bulkhead wharf, all privately owned, about 6,000 feet of which are open to general public use. They are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improveent.-The improvement has resulted in the extension of navigation to the city of Salisbury, which is located at the intersection of two railroad lines. Industries using water trans- portation have been located on the water front. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The remaining 82.5 per cent of dredging under a contract for maintenance, which con- tract was commenced in May, 1929, was completed in March. 1930. Another contract for removal of some obstructions in the river along the project channel was entered into in June, 1930, but work on it was not commenced at the end of the fiscal year. The channel has been restored to dimensions of 9 feet by 100 feet except for a small area in the turning basin of the North Prong where there is a deposit of concrete blocks causing slightly less than 9 feet. These obstruc- tions will be removed under the contract referred to above. The total costs, all for maintenance, were $23,453.22. The total expendi- tures were $25,169.21. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project prior to mod- ification in 1930 was completed in 1922. The controlling depth at mean low water, determined in March, 1930, is 9 feet except the small area in the turning basin where the average depth is 8.5 feet. The total costs of the existing project have been $66,333.06 for new work. and $68,818.77 for maintenance, a total of $135,151.83. The total expenditures were $133,238.40. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1930, as follows: Removal of obstructions___________________________ _ $1,100. 00 Engineering and contingencies _________________________________ 2, 784. 25 3, 884. 25 No maintenance is expected to be necessary during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interest of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. 484 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Commnercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of fertilizers, general merchandise. lumber, oil, shell lime, coal, sand and gravel, slag, canned goods, etc. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 9 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925--------....... 91,947 $8, 980,892 2,039 1928 .........---------- 56, 489 $5, 124, 405 1,453 1926....---------- 63, 173 3, 739, 976 1, 981 1929-------........--- 93, 300 7, 825, 514 114 1927---------- 61, 134 3,457, 554 1, 663 The increased tonnage for 1929 is due to an increase in traffic of oil, fertilizer materials, coal, sand and gravel, lumber, and general merchandise. Cost and finan nal summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ----- --------------------- $116,333.06 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------------68,818.77 - Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-__ ___ 185,151.83 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_______ ___________-___ 1,913.43 Net total expenditures ---------------- ________ -- 183,238.40 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ------------------------- 3,884.25 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 187,122.65 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---------- Cost of maintenance ---------------- ------------------------ ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------ $5,075.96 $23,453.22 Total expended..............-------------------------- 1, 446. 54 25,169.21 Allotted ----------------------- ---- ------------ ------------ ------------ 25,000.00 5,500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------------- $23,553.46 Amount alloted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929------------------------------------------- 5, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for_--- ._.........._______ 29, 053. 46 Gross amount expended -------------------------------- 25, 169. 21 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_ -__-__ -_______- Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_____1,------------- 13, 884. 25 913. 43 Balance available June 30, 1930 , 970. 82 1----------------------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of _ existing project 1-__- _________ _,_ 75, 000. 00 14. CRISFIELD HARBOR, MD. Location and description.-This harbor is about one-fourth of a mile square and is situated at Somers Cove, Little Annemessex River, which at this point is an estuary of Tangier Sound, on the east side SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 485 of Chesapeake Bay. It is 116 miles southeast of Baltimore Harbor and about 95 miles north by east of Norfolk Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1224.) Original condition.-The harbor had a controlling depth of 81/2 feet for a width of 400 feet. The head of navigation was at Crisfield, about 3 miles above the mouth of the river. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1875, and modified by the act approved March 2, 1907. The cost and expenditures on these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project were $87,740.04 for new work and $2,839.46 for maintenance, a total of $90,579.50. For fur- their details of previous projects see page 1790 of Annual Report for 1915 and page 432 of Annual Report for 1924. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water, 425 feet wide from the 12-foot contour in Tangier Sound to Somers Cove Light, thence 266 feet wide to the bend about 1,800 feet southwest of the railroad pier, and thence of irregular width to a point opposite the Consumers Ice Co., and 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the ice plant to Hop Point. The length of the section included in the project is about 11,000 feet. The mean range of tide is 2.6 feet, and the extreme tidal range is 3.2 feet under ordinary conditions. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1929, is $57,500. The estimated annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925 (H. Doc. No. 355, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, in adopting the existing project required local interests to furnish, with- out cost to the United States, suitable areas for the disposal of excavated material. These conditions have been complied with. Terminal facilities.-These consist of about 8,000 feet of solid bulk- head wharves and 450 feet of open pile pier. All are privately owned, some 1,330 feet of wharfage being open to general public use. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been rendered freer and safer, and the development of Crisfield, which is the center of the fish and crab industry on the Eastern Shore, has been aided. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The remaining 15 per cent of dredging under a contract for new work, which contract was commenced in November, 1928, was completed in September, 1929. The total costs, all for new work, were $5,469.39. The total expendi- tures were $17,118.31. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project was com- pleted in 1929 and is in good condition. The controlling depths at mean low water are those of the project, ascertained in August, 1929. The total costs of the existing project have been $57,210.43; all for new work. The total expenditures were $57,210.43. Proposed operations.-None. No funds are believed to be neces- sary to maintain the improvement in condition to care for the needs of existing and prospective commerce until June 30, 1932. 486 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of coal, vegetables, marine products, shell lime, ice, oil, agricultural products, oyster shells, and general merchandise. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 10 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 105, 067 1925 -----.......... $6,753,629 10,861 1928.- - - - 66, 219 $5,448,579 10,447 1926---------- 85,294 6, 180, 039 11,348 1929---------- 57,459 4,807,047 9,034 -- 1927.------_ 69, 733 5, 004, 685 10, 942 The decreased tonnage for 1929 is due to a decrease of traffic in ice and general merchandise. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $144, 950. 47 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__________________________ 2,839. 46 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-----------147, 789. 93 Net total expenditures ------------------------------------ 147, 789. 93 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930____------ ------- 147, 789. 93 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work __...____________________ _____ $1. 20 $51, 739. 84 $5, 469.39 Cost of maintenance..------- ------------------------------------------ ------------ ------------------------------------------------ Total expended ........--- ... 40, 092. 12 17, 118. 31 Allotted---- .....-------------... . ..--...... $42,00 .4010,000.00 ..... ... 5,210.43 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ ___ _--------------- $11, 907.88 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929__________________-__________-1 - -- 5, 500.00 Amount to be accounted for___________--_----------__ 17,407. 88 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment_ 2---------- -289. 57 Net amount to be accounted for--_ ---------- ----------- 17, 118. 31 Gross amount expended ------------------------ 17,118.31 15. BROAD CREEK, MD. Location and description.-This is a tidal waterway, connecting Pocomoke Sound and Little Annemessex River, Md. It lies north and south, is about 21/2 miles in length, and traverses a low, marshy region, the level of which is only slightly above high water. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 78). Original condition.-The minimum usuable low-water depth was about 11/2 feet. There was no definite head of navigation, as the waterway was a strait. The length of the navigable portion was 21/2 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water, 100 feet wide in the straight reaches, and RIVERS AND HARBORS-BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 487 130 feet wide at the bends from the 6-foot contour in Broad Creek to the 6-foot contour in Little Annemessex River, a distance of about 2 miles. The mean range of tide is 1.9 feet and the extreme tidal range is 3 feet under ordinary conditions. The estimated cost for new work, made in 1911, is $57,200. The latest (1922) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,600. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 269, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The law required that no portion of the appropriation should be expended until the necessary right of way had been deeded and permission granted for the deposit of dredged material on the marsh at a sufficient distance to prevent its return to the creek, both free of cost to the United States. These require- ments were complied with and approved by the Chief of Engineers, March 12, 1914. Terminal facilities.-This is a cut-off channel on which there are no terminal facilities. Effect of improvement.-The use of this connecting channel, which saves about 30 miles in going from Pocomoke Sound to Tangier Sound or the reverse, has been made available to larger vessels which were formerly delayed at low tide. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging under contract was commenced March, 1930 and completed June, 1930, which resulted in restoration of project dimensions. The total costs, all for maintenance, were $28,486.97. The total expendi- tures were $27,858.52. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1917 at a saving of $28,973 under the estimated cost, and is in good condition. The controlling depth at mean low water is 7 feet, ascertained in June, 1930. The total costs of the existing project have been $28,227.19 for new work and $31,808.77 for maintenance, a total of $60,035.96. The total expenditures were $59,407.51. Proposed operations.-None. No funds are believed to be neces- sary to maintain the improvement in condition to care for the needs of existing or prospective commerce until June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1929 passing through this waterway consisted of fertilizer, vegetables, crabs, fish, oysters, oyster shells, and general merchandise. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 5.2 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925___--- __ _ ..-- ___......_...... 5, 337 $173,390 1928__------__--__ -__-___- . 2,674 $141,299 1926-------__ ---______-- 3,125 132,512 1929___---_______________ 8,382 222,541 1927- ---- _______________ . 2, 248 112,612 The increased tonnage for 1929 is due to the increase in shipments of marine products, shells, vegetables and general merchandise. 488 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $28, 227. 19 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--- ---------------------- 31, 808. 77 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 60, 035. 96 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930---------------- 628. 45 Net total expenditures-------------------------------- 59, 407.51 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 2, 141. 48 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 1, 548. 99 6-------------- Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 C ostof new w ork ....----...------.. .. . . ... . .. . . ... . .. . . ...--- Cost of maintenance ........----------------------.... ........------ .. .--. . --- ----- -- ----....------- ------- ----- $28,486.97 Total expended-------------------.............................. --------. ---------- ------------------------ 27, 858.52 Allotted--.---- . .- ..- ---------------------------------------------------- ...------------ 30,000.00 Amount alloted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927--------------------------- --------------- $10, 000. 00 Amount alloted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929---------------------------------------- 20,000. 00 Amount to be accounted for --------------------------------- 30, 000. 00 Gross amount expended----------------------------------- 27,858. 52 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 2,141.48 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---------------------------1, 388. 86 Balance available June 30, 1930--- ---------------------------- 752. 62 16. TWITCH COVE AND BIG THOROUGHFARE RIVER, MD. Location and description.-This is a tidal waterway about 4 miles long traversing Smiths Island, Md., in a southeasterly direction from Chesapeake Bay on the west to Tangier Sound on the east. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 78.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low water depth was about 1 foot. As this waterway bisects the island, there was no definite head of navigation. The length of the navigable portion was 4 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 5 feet deep at mean low water and 25 feet wide from Twitch Cove on Tangier Sound through Big Thoroughfare River to a point on Levering Creek about 800 feet north of the canal at Ewell, Md., and for a channel 4 feet deep and 25 feet wide around the point between Big Thoroughfare River and Tylers River. The length of the section included in the project is about 4 miles. The mean range of tide is 1.7 feet and the extreme tidal range is 3 feet under ordinary con- ditions. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1930, is $14,900. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $200. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 285, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) which provided for a 4-foot channel, and the river and harbor RIVERS AND HARBORS--BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 489 act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. 313, 71st Cong., 2d sess.), provided for the 5-foot channel. The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, in adopting the 5-foot project, imposes the condition that local interests furnish without cost to the United States all necessary rights of way. This condition has not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-There are nine small open-pile wharves pri- vately owned opened to general public use, which are considered adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.--In the portion of the channel in which dredging has been accomplished in the project the boats which for- merly could use it only at high water have been able to navigate it at all stages of tide, thus improving navigation between the settle- ments on Smiths Island and the city of Crisfield. Operations and results during fl&cal year.-No work done and no expenditures made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project as it existed prior to adoption of modification by act of Congress approved July 3, 1930, was completed in 1913 and has been maintained in good condition. The controlling depth, at mean low water1 ascertained in August, 1928, is 4 feet. The total costs of the existing project have been $2,900 for new work and $500 for maintenance, a total of $3,400. The total expenditures were $3,400. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no maintenance is expected to be necessary before June 30, 1932. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of crabs, oysters, ice, cordwood, lumber, oil, and general merchandise. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 4 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925----......------------------ 8, 231 $689, 004 1928---------------------- 6, 898 $985,525 1926-------------------- --.. 2,822 738,879 1929--_------------------- 7, 114 1, 072, 906 1927---------------------- 9,811 983,566 The increased tonnage for 1929 is due to an increase in traffic of lumber and oils. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------------- $2, 900 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------------- 500 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------- 3, 400 Net total expenditures__--------------------------------------- 3,400 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------------------- 3, 400 490 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1920 Cost of new work-- Cost of maintenance 'Total expended--.. . . ---. - - - -..- - - - -- - - - - - - Allotted ....-..- ---...------------------- -------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------- -------------------------- $12, 000 17. TANGIER CHANNEL, VA. Location and description.-This is a tidal channel about 1 mile long, extending from Tangier Island, Va., in a northeasterly direc- tion to deep water in Tangier Sound, Chesapeake Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1223.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was about 2 feet. The head of navigation was Tangier, Va. The length of the navigable portion was about 1 mile. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 5 feet deep at mean low waterand 50 feet wide, increased at entrances and on curves, from Tangier Sound to Tangier, with an anchorage basin 400 feet by 400 feet of the same depth. The length of the section included in the project is 1 mile, and its lower end extends into Tangier Sound. The mean range of tide is 1.7 feet, and the extreme tidal range is 4.7 feet under ordinary conditions. The estimate of cost for new work, made in -1913, is $16,434. The latest (1922) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 107, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are three bulkhead wharves having an aggregate frontage of approximately 250 feet. These wharves are open to all free of charge. Additional facilities are desirable. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made navigation more dependable, as vessels no longer have to wait favorable tides to enter or leave Tangier Harbor. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging under contract was commenced August, 1929, and completed in Sep- tember, 1929, which resulted in the restoration of project dimen- sions. The total costs, all for maintenance, were $7,766.50. The total expenditures were $7,766.50. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1922 at a saving of $806 under the estimated cost, and is in good condition. The controlling depth at mean low water is 5 feet, ascertained in September, 1929. The total costs of the existing project have been $15,627.98 for new work and $7,789.57 for mainte- nance, a total of $23,417.55. The total expenditures were $23,417.55. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 491 Proposed operations.--None. No funds are believed to be neces- sary to maintain the improvement in condition to care for the needs of existing and prospective commerce until June 30, 1932. Cormmercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of oysters, crabs, and general mer- chandise. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 5 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925........----------------------- 574 $52, 453 1928_----------------------- 745 $37, 175 1926 .----------------------- 960 $34,176 1929.....----------------------- 870 88,470 1927.........----------------------- - 701 36,368 The increased tonnage for 1929 is due to an increase of traffic in general merchandise. Cost ald financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930___ $15, 627.98 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_- -- - 7, 789. 57 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------- 23, 417. 55 Net total expenditures--- --------------------------------------- 23, 417. 55 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------------- 23, 417.55 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ----------------------- -------------------------------------- - Cost of maintenance-_-----------._ _.. __ __ --. _._.. -- $23.07 $7,766. 50 Total expended------------------------------------------------------ 23. 07 7, 766. 50 Allotted ---------------------------------------------------------- 7, 500. 00 289. 57 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ _- -___ -- $7,476.93 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929_ _-_ __289. 57 Amount to be accounted for 7------------7, 766. 50 Gross amount expended _ ---- ------- 7, 766. 50 18. HERRING BAY AND ROCKHOLE CREEK, MD. Location and description.-Herring Bay is a wide-mouthed in- dentation on the west side of Chesapeake Bay about 20 miles below Annapolis, Md. It is about 3 miles long from north to south and penetrates the shore for a depth of about 1 mile. Rockhole Creek, which is about 21/2 miles long, is an estuary which extends northward from the northerly end of Herring Bay. Both are tidal for prac- tically their entire length and there is very little natural flow. The drainage area is 17 square miles. The discharge is unknown. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Chart No. 1225.) Original conditiona.-In Herring Bay there was a channel 10 feet deep to the steamboat wharf; thence to and through the bar in Rockhole Creek, depths varying from 11.0 to 1.6 feet. The distance through the bar was about 3,500 feet. Previous projects.-None. 492 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Existing project.-This provides for a channel 60 feet wide and 5 feet deep at mean low water from the 6-foot contour in the bay to the 3-foot contour inside the bar at the mouth of Rockhole Creek, a distance of about 1,600 feet. The mean range of tide is about 1 foot, and the extreme tidal range about 4 feet under ordinary conditions. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1927 is $6,300, the limit of expenditure being fixed at this amount by the act adopting the project. The latest (1927) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $300. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 34, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). A map of the locality is printed in House Document No. 161, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of a public wharf on Rockhole Creek about 600 feet below the County Bridge open to all, together with a few private landing stages. No freight handling devices are installed on any of the wharves, which are considered adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-Work has not commenced on the project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work done and no expenditures or costs. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done on the project. The controlling depth at mean low water, ascertained in December, 1926, is 1.6 feet. No costs or expenditures have been made. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interest of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-No commercial statistics have been col- lected for the calendar year 1929. Cost and fiancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930........ . __ ___ Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--.. ---------- Cost of maintenance ......... Total expended ...... -------------------------- ------------ ------------ Allotted -...........---- ..... .......... . I 1 , 1 , Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project _____ $6, 300 RIVERS AND HARBORS-BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 493 19. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of prelimi- nary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in House Doec. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges in- curred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $4,974.16; the expenditures were $5,434.53. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in con- nection with the above items. The additional sum of $9,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ $14, 250. 72 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 38. 81 Net total expenditures------------------------__-------14, 211. 91 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------- 5, 288. 09 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------19, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .... Cost of maintenance...------------------------------------------------- $9,276.56 $4,974.16 Total expended --------------------- 8, 777. 38 5,434.53 Allotted...------------------------- ------------ ----------.... $5,000.00 15,000.00 4, 500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------- ------------ $11, 222.62 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ------------------ --------------------- 4, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for-----------.. - ------------ 15, 722. 62 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment__---------------- 5, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------10, 722. 62 Gross amount expended -------------------- __ ____ 5, 434. 53 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 5, 288. 09 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------------------------- 38. 81 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------------5, 249. 28 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance __------------------- _____ -- ___ 9, 000. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. 494 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, -1930 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED MARCH 3, 1925, AND JANUARY 21, 1927, AND THE ACT APPROVED FEBRUARY 12, 1929 Reports dated July 31, 1928, and December 7, 1929, with map, on preliminary examination of waterway from Twitch Cove to Ewell, Md., authorized by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925, and on preliminary examination and survey of waterway from Tangier Sound to Chesapeake Bay via Ewell, Md., authorized by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, were duly sub- mitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 313, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation was made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 5 feet deep and 25 feet wide from Twitch Cove to a point on Levering Creek about 800 feet north of the canal at Ewell, at an estimated cost of $12,000, with $200 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. Report dated October 30, 1929, on preliminary examination of Susquehanna River, Pa. (West Branch), with a view to the control of its floods and to the devising of methods whereby the sources of pollution may be removed, required by the act approved February 12, 1929, was duly submitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pur- suant to law, and printed in House Document No. 370, Seventy-first Congress, second session. No further survey of this portion of the river is deemed advisable at the present time under this authoriza- tion. There is, however, a survey of the entire Susquehanna River system in progress, under the provisions of House Document No. 308, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session, covering navigation, flood control, power development, and irrigation. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts approved January 21, 1927, and July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Tangier Sound, Va., with a view to securing a channel to the foot of county road on the south end of Tangier Island. 2. Starlings Creek, Accomac County, Va. 3. Parish Creek, Anne Arundel County, Md. 4. Knapps Narrows, Talbot County, Md. 5. Walnut Harbor, Talbot County, Md. 6. Broad Creek, Md., from Annamessex River to Pocomoke Sound, Somerset County, Md. 7. Area at the mouth of Pocomoke River, Worcester County, Md., known as " The Muds." 8. Back River, Bear Creek, Curtis Creek, and Colgate Creek, Md. 9. Channel from Rhodes Point to Tylerton, Smiths Island, Md. 10. Honga River and Tar Bay (Barren Island Gaps), Md. 11. Waterway across Kent Island, Queen Annes County, Md., connecting Chesapeake Bay with Eastern Bay in the vicinity of Mattapex. 1. Channel of the Upper Thoroughfare lying between the steam- boat wharf on Deals Island, Md., and Maynes Point in the Tangier district. 13. Corsica River, Queen Annes County, Md. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 495 REPORT MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTIOI OF THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, UNITED STATES SENATE, AND THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated August 19, 1929, a review of reports on Clai- borne Harbor, Md., printed in House Document No. 81, 56th Con- gress, 1st session, was requested. Report thereon with map was transmitted to the committee May 28, 1930, and printed in Senate Document No. 157, 71st Congress, 2d session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project at an estimated cost of $12,125, with $3,000 annually for maintenance. By resolution dated January 16, 1926, a review of prior reports on Herring Bay and Rockhole Creek, Md., was requested. Report thereon was transmitted to the committee and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 34, Seventy-first Congress, first session. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT This district includes the western shore of Chesapeake Bay be- tween Cove Point on the north at the entrance to Patuxent River and York Point on the south, at the mouth of the Poquoson River, left bank, and all streams and their tributaries emptying into Chesa- peake Bay between these limits. The more important rivers are the Patuxent, Potomac, Anacostia, Rappahannock, York, Mattaponi, and Pamunkey. District engineer: Major Brehon B. Sommervell, Corps of Engi- neers. Division engineer: Lieut. Col. Henry C. Jewett, Corps of Engi- neers, to October 27, 1929; Colonel Harley B. Ferguson, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Potomac River at Washing- 9. Rappahannock River, Va___ 512 495 ton, D. C-----------------____________ 10. Mulberry Creek, Va 515 2. Anacostia River, D. C--__--- 500 11. Urbanna Creek, Va --------- 516 3. Potomac River at Alexandria, 12. Carters Creek, Va- _ 518 Va - 502 13. Horn Harbor, Va .-........ 519 4. Potomac River below Wash- 14. York River, Va____________ 521 ington, D. C__---- ---- 504 15. Mattaponi River, Va _______ 523 5. Occoquan Creek, Va_________ 506 16. Pamunkey River, Va ______ 526 6. Monroe Bay and Creek, Va_. 508 17. Examinations, surveys, and 7. Smith Creek, Md____________ 510 contingencies (general)___ 529 8. Cockrells Creek, Va----- 511 1. POTOMAC RIVER AT WASHINGTON, D. C. Locdtion and description.-The Potomac River is formed by the junction of the north and south branches, about 21 miles below Cum- berland, Md., and flows in a generally southeasterly direction about 287 miles to Chesapeake Bay, which it enters about 80 miles from the Atlantic Ocean. Above Washington the river is nontidal and is quite rapid; below Washington, a distance of 110 miles to its mouth, it is tidal. The harbor at Washington, D. C., is about 207 miles by 11714--BNG 1930----32 496 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 water, in a southeasterly and northerly direction, from the harbor at Baltimore, Md., and about 200 miles by water, in a northwesterly direction, from the harbor at Norfolk, Va. The harbor, formed by the reclamation of flats in the Potomac River opposite the city of Washington, averages 950 feet in width and is 2 miles in length. In the section of river between Georgetown, D. C., and Cumber- land, Md., a distance of 195 miles, there is a fall of 609 feet, 182 feet of which is between Chain Bridge and Seneca, Md., a distance of 21 miles; 73 feet between Point of Rocks, Md., and Chesapeake & Ohio Canal Dam No. 3, just above Harpers Ferry, W. Va., a distance of 13 miles; and the balance of the way the fall is quite uniform. The average width between banks from Washington to the mouth is three miles. The drainage area is 20,000 square miles. The low-water discharge at Washington is about 1,000 second-feet, the high-water discharge 400,000 second-feet, and freshets occasionally cause a rise of 8 feet at this point. In the tidal reach, 110 miles, freshets have a relatively slight effect. They usually occur in the spring or fall. Washington is 110 miles above the mouth of the river. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 560.) Original caondition.-The river was obstructed by two bars, the lower near Giesboro Point, on which the minimum depth was 14 feet, and the upper, extending from the Highway Bridge 1 mile upstream in the Virginia Channel, with a minimum depth of 8 feet at mean low water. The depth in the Washington Channel along the city harbor front was about 10 feet and the width 150 feet; the depth in the Virginia Channel was 10 feet and the width 250 feet. The flats along the Washington front (including what is now Potomac Park) extending to the edge of the Virginia Channel were largely bare at low water, and were considered an active agent in spreading malaria and other diseases. Georgetown Harbor was obstructed by dangerous rocks. The Aqueduct Bridge was considered the head of navigation for river traffic, but the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal extended navigation, with a depth of 6 feet, from Georgetown, D. C., to Cumberland, Md. The navigable portion of the stream at this locality was 5 miles. Previous projects.-By an act approved March 2, 1833, Congress authorized certain channel works below Georgetown, D. C. The act of March 3, 1849, provided for a survey of the river, and the act of July 11, 1870, adopted the original project for improvement. The cost and expenditures under these previous projects to 1882 were $339,475.21. For further details of previous projects see page 1791 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging the Virginia Channel 20 feet deep and of sufficient width (now about 600 feet) to afford a low-water cross-sectional area of 25,000 square feet; for dredging the Washington Channel at least 20 feet deep; for the reclamation of the flats to 3 feet above the freshet elevation of 1877 by depositing the dredged material thereon; for the construction of a tidal reservoir to periodically flush the Washington Channel; and for the con- struction of a training dike in the Virginia Channel 7,207 feet long, of which 5,052 feet is riprap stone and 2,155 feet is earth. The area included in the project extends from Giesboro Point, which is 108 miles from the mouth of the river, 5 miles upstream to the Francis Scott Key Bridge. The plane of reference is mean low RIVERS AND HARBORS-WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 497 water. The tidal ranges are: Mean, 3 feet; extreme, 4.5 feet; irregular, 7.5 feet. The estimate of cost, revised in 1897, was $2,953,020 for new work, exclusive of the amount expended under the previous project. The latest (1928) approved estimate of cost of annual maintenance is $62,500. The ,existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882 (S. Doc. No. 126, 47th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1882, p. 980). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1914, page 1890. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The District of Columbia has built four mu- nicipal concrete wharves on the Washington Channel, at a cost of about $100,000. Terminal facilities.-There are about 9,440 feet of water front along the Virginia and Washington Channels which are available for terminal facilities, of which only 7,570 feet are now used in connection with commerce on the waterway. The wharves in the Virginia Channel (Georgetown front), 12 in number, are, for the most part, bulkhead structures of timber, stone, or concrete; such wooden-pile wharves as do exist are narrow struc- tures extending but little beyond the bulkheads. In this section all vessels berth parallel to the bulkhead. The wharves in the Virginia Channel are privately owned. Six are closed to the public. and six are open to the public on equal terms. All of the wharves in the Washington Channel, 24 in number, are owned by the Federal Government, 20 under the supervision and control of the District Commissioners and 4 under the immediate supervision and control of the Chief of Engineers. Five are open to the public on equal terms. The pier-and-slip system is used in the Washington Channel, and vessels berth both at the ends and sides of the piers. As a rule, the wharves are in very poor condition, except those operated by the municipal and Federal Governments. The Chesapeake & Ohio Canal Co. has a lock at the mouth of Rock Creek for the passage of their barges from and into the Potomac River. The terminal and transfer facilities at Washington, D. C., are considered inadequate. Suitable terminal facilities should be pro- vided. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Deep-draft vessels can now enter the Washington and Georgetown Harbors. Commerce has been facili- tated. It is reported that freight rates have been materially reduced. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Building of levees on Columbia Island was in progress by labor gang during June, 1930, at a cost of $111.70. The tidal gates were maintained at a cost of $1,226.55. Miscel- laneous surveys and investigations were made at a cost of $469.36. Deferred charges from the preceding fiscal year for dredging the Virginia Channel were $6,178.64. The total cost was $7,986.25, all applied to maintenance. The total expenditures were $221,960.03. The wide divergence between cost and expenditures is due to the fact that the bulk of the work during the year was for the Bureau of Public Roads, Department of Agriculture, in making fills for the Mount Vernon Memorial Boulevard and is reimbursable. 498 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913. There has resulted: Channels of project depth 4 miles long and about 500 feet wide in the Virginia Channel; 23/4 miles long and 400 feet wide in the Washington Channel and an additional width along the west side of the Washington Channel of 350 feet, 18 to 20 feet deep; a tidal reservoir (111 acres in area) with inlet and outlet gates; the complete reclamation of Potomac Park (628 acres); the construction of 37,885 linear feet of sea wall; the building of 7,207 linear feet of training dike; the reclamation of Columbia Island (121 acres); the excavation from the channel deposited on Potomac Park, 19,792,754 cubic yards; on section A, Anacostia Park, 41,440 cubic yards; and on Columbia Island, 3,299,- 481 cubic yards. Columbia Island is now surrounded by a channel not less than 50 feet wide and 5 feet deep. The channels and the structures are in good condition. The controlling depth at mean low water in June, 1930, was 19.3 feet in the Virginia Channel for a width of 400 feet, and in April, 1926, 21.5 in the Washington Channel. The total cost of the existing project was $3,463,849.92, of which $1,919,425.38 was for new work, and $1,544,424.54 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $4,074,053.14. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1930, $63,312.01, and the amount reimbursable $117,188.81, a total of $180,500.82, will be applied as follows: Redredging Virginia Channel with U. S. hydraulic dredge Talcott, 41/ months at $15,000----__ ------------------------------- $63, 750.00 Construction and maintenance of levees on Columbia Island spoil basin with United States excavator and labor gang, (August to November, 1930) ------------------------- ______11, 200. 00 Operation and maintenance of tidal gates (July, 1930, to June, 1931) 3, 000. 00 Surveys and investigations ----------------------------------- 1, 000. 00 Maintenance of Government plant and property------------------4, 973.42 Funds to cover reimbursement accounts----------------------- 40, 000. 00 Outstanding obligations--------------------------------- --- 56, 577. 40 Total 500. 82 1--------------------------- The work will be done with Government plant and hired labor. It is expected that the funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. The sum of $5,000 can be profitably expended for maintenance during the fiscal year 1932, as follows: Operation and maintenance of tidal gates----------------------$3, 000 Surveys and investigations-------------------------------------2, 000 Total ------------------------------------------------- 5, 000 Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1929 is reported as 1,680,912 short tons, valued at $18,896,615, exclusive of 656,597 short tons, valued at $24,524,119, cargoes in transit with a total of 1,314,634 net registered tonnage and 41,688 passengers, to and from the Anacostia River. The principal items in order of tonnage being sand and gravel, 1,449,736 tons; riprap stone, 77,811 tons and petroleum products, 51,620 tons. All of the commerce passed over the improved section of which 3 per cent of the vessels required the increased depth. The increase in tonnage and value is due principally to the increased receipts and shipments of auto- RIVERS AND HARBORS-WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 499 mobiles, bricks, cement, cigars, and cigarettes, naval ordnance, riprap stone, sand and gravel, textiles, and vegetable food products. The range of draft for loaded vessels for the principal items and the proportion of the tonnage pertaining thereto is as follows: Sand and gravel 4 to 8 feet, 92 per cent; riprap stone 4 to 8 feet, 5 per cent; and petroleum products 4 to 16 feet, 3 per cent. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925-..... 1, 511, 385 $15, 900, 600 435, 110 1928--..._. 1, 498, 397 $13, 446, 284 253, 266 1926-..... 1, 638, 755 20, 189, 561 429, 104 1929_...._. 1, 680, 912 18, 896, 615 305, 314 1927-.... 1, 536, 766 20, 543, 530 420, 521 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_---- -- ______ __-_ $2, 258, 900. 59 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_---------------------- _ 1,544, 424. 54 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 3, 803, 325. 13 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 --------- 549, 646. 81 Net total cost to June 30, 1930--------------------- ----- 4, 352, 971.94 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 1__________________ 117, 133. 81 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 __________________--_ 4, 470, 105. 75 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------ 56, 577.40 Net total expenditures_--- 4, 413, 528. 35 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930___________________ - 63, 312. 01 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 4, 476, 840. 36 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work -- - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - Cost of maintenance-_----------------_ - - $12, 633, 24 $53, 444. 60 $75,127. 99 $71,988.13 $7, 986.25 Total expended - 12, ,33. 24 53, 444. 60 279, 285. 30 124, 443. 71 221, 960. 03 Allotted ..... 26, 000. 00 19, 000. 00 300, 965. 15 145, 000. 00 171, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_____________________________ $114,272.04 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930_________________________ $56, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929------------------------ 115, 000. 00 171, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------------- 285, 272. 04 Gross amount expended_____________________________ 223, 986. 05 Less receipts from sales____________________________ 2,026. 02 221, 960. 03 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------- ---- 63, 312. 01 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-------------------------- 112, 000. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930---------------------_ 48,687. 99 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930--------------------------_ 117, 133. 81 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--------------- 68, 445. 82 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance - - ____ - ______- - _________- __ -__ 5,000.00 SExclusive of available funds. 500 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 2. ANACOSTIA RIVER, D. C. Location and description.-The Anacostia River rises in Maryland and flows about 20 miles in a southwesterly direction, emptying into the Potomac River at Washington, D. C., about 108 miles above its mouth. The upper 12 miles are nontidal, having a moderate cur- rent; the lower 8 miles are tidal. Its drainage area is 200 square miles. The low-water fluvial discharge at Bladensburg is about 10 second-feet, and the high-water discharge at the same place about 15,000 second-feet. The average fall per mile is about 15 feet. The average width between banks is approximately one-half mile. Freshets generally occur in the spring. See United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 560. Original condition.--This portion of the river was from one-half to 1 mile wide; the channel was narrow, tortuous, and had a ruling depth of about 18 feet; between the channel and the shore were extensive flats with depths of 1 to 4 feet, which were covered in summer with aquatic plants. Sewage was discharged into the river and collected on the flats, causing offensive and unhealthy conditions. The head of navigation was Bladensburg, 83/4 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, authorizes an allotment of $20,000 for work in the Anacostia River from the appropriation for improving the Potomac River at Wash- ington. A joint resolution of Congress, dated April 11, 1898, appro- priated $2,000 for a survey of the river from its mouth to the District of Columbia boundary line. The cost and expenditures under these previous projects to 1902 were $20,536.94, charged as new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1792 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing rroject.-This provides for a channel from the mouth to Anacostia Bridge, 2 miles, 20 feet deep for a width of 400 feet, the depth then gradually decreasing to 6 feet at the bulkhead lines, and for depositing the dredged materials on the adjacent flats to an aver- age elevation of 7 feet above low tide, the reclaimed area to be sur- rounded by an earthen embankment to a height of 14 feet above low tide, protected by a masonry sea wall and provided with drainage- through the embankment. The plane of reference is mean low water. The tidal ranges are: Mean, 3 feet; extreme, 4.5 feet; irregular, 7.5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1898, is $1,218,525, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 87, 55th Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1899, p. 1443). The latest published map is found in the Annual Report for 1914, page 1890. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.--There is about 22,800 feet of water front, of which 14,800 feet are occupied by park reservations and airports; of the remainder, 2,500 feet has been developed by the Federal Govern- ment for Federal activities as solid fill bulkhead with slips, and the District of Columbia has developed a 1,000-foot bulkhead with slip and one wharf for District of Columbia activities, and on the remain- RIVERS AND HARBORS-WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 501 ing 5,500 feet of water front there are 7 private wharves, 4 bulkhead and 1 open pile structure in good condition, and 2 dilapidated structures. The wharves are open to the public only by special arrangement. Terminal facilities are considered sufficient for the present traffic but will not be sufficient for any increase in commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of iamprovement.-The additional facilities afforded have developed traffic and have relieved congestion in other parts of the Washington Harbor. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project has been completed so far as the channel dimensions are concerned. The only portion of the project which remains to be completed is the fill on the reclaimed areas. Additional reclamation work was provided for in the Dis- trict of Columbia appropriation act, approved August 31, 1918, but this .did not complete the filling, and this act also provided that the entire area reclaimed and to be reclaimed shall be a part of the park system of the District of Columbia and designated Anacostia Park. The results to date are as follows: 8,882,184 cubic yards of mate- rials have been excavated and placed behind sea walls, partially reclaiming 460 acres of land. A sea wall 13,202 feet long was built, being completed in 1917. All works are in fair condition. The controlling depth October, 1929, was 17 feet at mean low water. The total costs under the existing project were $834,429.53--$749,- 563.25 for new work, and $84,866.28 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $834,429.53. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1930, $60,000, will be applied as follows: Redredging channels with clamshell dredge and dump scows, 4 months (March to June, 1931)------------------------------------$57, 600 Surveys and investigations------------------------------------2, 400 Total ------------------------------------------------ 60, 000 It is expected that the funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as it is not believed that maintenance will be necessary. Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1929 is reported as 657,666 short tons, valued at $24,624,664. The principal items in order of tonnage being sand and gravel, 390,056 tons; petro- leum products, 212,601 tons; and naval ordnance and stores, 16,699 tons. All of the commerce passed over the improved section, of which 8 per cent required the 20-foot depth; 13 per cent required the 15-foot depth; and 21 per cent required the 9-foot depth. The increase in tonnage is due principally to the increased receipts and shipments of all commodities. The increase in value is due prin- cipally to the increased receipts and shipments of naval ordnance and stores. The range of draft for loaded vessels for the principal items and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto is approxi- mately as follows: Sand and gravel 4 to 12 feet, 63 per cent; petro- 502 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 leum products 12 to 16 feet, 34 per cent; and naval ordnance and stores 8 to 18 feet, 3 per cent. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925 .--------...... 374, 720 $12, 386, 175 27, 171 1928-------- 499, 503 $7,958,442 16,887 1926--------........ 492, 877 9, 176, 101 17, 015 1929- - -- 657, 666 24, 624, 664 41, 688 1927---__.... 521, 640 7, 773, 324 29, 833 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $770,100.19 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 84,866.28 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------------854,966.47 Net total expenditures 54,966.47 8-------------------------- Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------ 60,000.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 --------------- 914,966.47 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 19281 1929 1930 Cost of new work__. Cost of maintenance--------------------------------- ------------ - - - - Total expended .. _---------- ------- --- -- -------- - - -- Allotted- ---------------------------------- -------.. _-----$9,033. 53-___.----------- $60,000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--------------- ------------------------ ------ $60, 000 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 _---------- __-----__----__ 60, 000 3. POTOMAC RIVER AT ALEXANDRIA, VA. Location and description.-Alexandria, on the right bank of the Potomac River, is 5 miles below Washington, D. C., and 105 miles above the mouth of the river. The river is described on page 495. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No 560.) Original condition.-It is reported that prior to 1889 a natural depth of 20 feet or more existed along the entire wharf front, but that during the freshet of June, 1889, an old steamboat hull sank near the upper limits of the city and diverted the currents which had swept past the city front, resulting in the formation of a bar of mud. The depths in Alexandria Harbor just prior to improvement were about 10 feet at the upper end, 16 feet near the center, and 20 feet near the lower end. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a depth of 24 feet in front of Alexandria between the through channel and a line drawn 20 feet outside of the established pierhead line. This area is about 6,700 feet in length and averages 300 feet in width. The lower end of the improved section is 104 miles from the mouth of the river. The plane of reference is mean low water. The tidal ranges are: Mean, 3 feet; extreme, 4.5 feet; irregular, 6 feet. The estimate of cost for RIVERS AND HARBORS-WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 503 new work, made in 1908, was $116,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1253, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of projeert.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Alexandria has 17 regular shipping wharves or landings. Six of these are wooden-pile structures, generally, in fair condition. The others are solid-fill bulkhead piers or bulkhead landings. Vessels berth at the ends of piers and in the slips. Five of the wharves are open to use by the general public; one is a naval torpedo filling station owned by the Federal Government; the bal- ance are closed. The terminal and transfer facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Deep-draft steamers and vessels can now enter this port, and trade has been thereby increased. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1912, at a saving of $20,786 under the estimated cost. Channels 6,700 feet long were dredged and redredged; a retaining wall 2,730 feet long, containing 8,033 cubic yards of cobblestones and 4,953 cubic yards of riprap, was built; Battery Cove (46.57 acres) was reclaimed by the deposit of 747,673 cubic yards of channel- dredged material, of which 538,278 cubic yards were paid for, 149,395 cubic yards were excess dredging under contract not paid for, and 60,000 cubic yards were deposited by private parties under permit; and 360,697 cubic yards of maintenance dredging were deposited in the basin opposite Alexandria and in cove above Bryants Wharf. By Supreme Court decision No. 45 of the October, 1921, term, Bat- tery Cove was held to be under the jurisdiction of the District of Columbia and to be owned by the United States. On December 2, 1929, jurisdiction over Battery Cove was transferred to the Quarter- master General, United States Army. The controlling depth in October, 1928, was 17.1 and 22 feet at mean low water for the upper and lower sections, respectively, of the improvement. The total cost under the existing project was $183,940.84, of which $95;214.52 was for new work and $88,726.32 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $183,940.84. Proposed operations.-None. No funds are available nor are any required for the fiscal year 1932, as it is not believed that mainte- nance will be necessary. Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1929 is reported as 174,720 short tons, valued at $3,811,740. The principal items in order of tonnage being petroleum products, 59,054 tons; chemicals, 41,595 tons; sand and gravel, 40,636 tons; coal, 13,090 tons; and brimstone, 3,369 tons. All of the commerce passed over the improved section, of which 24 per cent required the 17.1 to 22 foot depth. The decrease in tonnage and value is due principally to the decreased receipts of oyster shells, pulpwood, and sand and gravel. 504 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The range of draft for loaded vessels for the principal items and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto is approxi- mately as follows: Petroleum products, 8 to 16 feet, 37 per cent; chemicals, 6 to 22 feet, 27 per cent; sand and gravel, 4 to 8 feet, 26 per cent; coal, 4 to 8 feet, 8 per cent; and brimstone, 10 to 22 feet, 2 per cent. Comparative statement 'Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925.-------- 259, 805 $5, 604, 275 26, 453 1928--------. 223, 966 $3, 967, 519 13, 560 1926-------- 282, 610 6, 335, 950 23, 185 1929-------- 174, 720 3, 811, 740 2, 041 1927 -------- 290, 774 7, 261, 891 21, 918 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-- ------------------------ $95, 214. 52 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 88, 726.32 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------183, 940. 84 Net total expenditures ------------------------------------- 183, 940. 84 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_ .___-___________ 183, 940. 84 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work.... . . . . . . .$5_1 7 -i, Cost of maintenance _ 301. 07 $25,------------ $1, 897. 10 --- ----- Total expended-- ---------.--------------- 25, 301.07 1,897.10 -$239. 16 ------------- Allotted---------...-....... .......- - 2,180. 00 --------- -239. 16 4. POTOMAC RIVER BELOW WASHINGTON, D. C. Location and description.- For a description of the Potomac River below Washington, D. C., see page 495. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 557, 558, 559, and 560.) Original condition.-The river was obstructed by 7 shoals on which the depth ranged from 181/2 to 23 feet at mean low tide. These shoals were Kettle Bottom, Maryland Point, Smith Point (2 shoals), Mattawoman, Marshall Hall, and Naval Magazine, lo- cated, respectively, 40, 67, 69, 71, 82, 95, and 106 miles above the mouth of the river. The length of the shoals was about 10 miles and the widths ranged from 400 feet to 2,500 feet in the upper por- tions and about 3 miles in the lower portion of the river. The head of navigation was and is Chain Bridge, 8 miles above Giesboro Point, D. C., the upper limit of this section of the river. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for securing by dredging a chan- nel 24 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide between the mouth of the river and Washington, D. C., a distance of 108 miles. The tidal ranges are: Mean, 1.3 feet at the mouth, 3 feet at Wash- ington; extreme, 2 feet at the mouth, 4.5 feet at Washington; ir- regular, 2.4 feet at the mouth, 7.5 feet at Washington. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1891 was $158,400. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 505 The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 33, 52d Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1902, page 1038, and in House Document No. 859, Sixtieth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-In general the improvement is a main river channel, so that terminal facilities are only served where the channel runs close to either bank of the river. In all 27 wharves are thus served, distributed in the general vicinity of the following localities: Number of wharves Giesboro Point_-------------------------------------------------------- 2 Fort Washington ---------------------------------------------------- 4 Fort Humphreys---__------------------------------- 3 Indianhead----------------------------- ------------------------------ Quantico ------------------------------------------------------------- 3 Smith and Maryland Points------------------------------------------- 6 Colonial Beach---------------------------------------- --- 6 These wharves are of open and solid fill construction and bulkhead type, some being owned privately and others by different agencies of the United States. The private wharves are open to public by special arrangement. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-Deeper-draft ocean and coastwise com- mercial and naval vessels can now reach Washington and Alexan- dria, thereby increasing commerce and reducing cost of transporta- tion. Bulk cargoes of oil and fertilizer materials in seagoing vessels are now received. Operations and results during fiscal year.--Miscellaneous investi- gations were made at a cost of $27.49. The total cost for the fiscal year was $27.49, all applied to mainte- nance. The total expenditure was $33.09. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1905, at a saving of $4,564 under the estimated cost. Channels aggregating 15.6 miles have been dredged and redredged, a total of 4,477,318 cubic yards of material being dredged. The channels are in good condition, the controlling depth April, 1930, was 23.5 feet at mean low water. The total cost under the existing project was $450,599.34, of which $153,836 was for new work and $296,763.34 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $450,599.34. Proposed operations.-None. No funds are available nor are any required for the fiscal year 1932, as it is not believed that maintenance will be necessary. Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1929 is reported as 2,664,341 short tons, valued at $69,907,800. The princi- pal items in order of tonnage being gravel and sand, 1,885,790 tons; petroleum products, 330,376 tons; building and crushed stone, 118,348 tons; forest products, 61,838 tons; fertilizer and raw prod- ucts, 54,258 tons; naval ordnance and stores, 24,712 tons; and auto- mobiles and trucks, 23,073 tons. Ninety-six per cent of the commerce passed over the improved section of which less than 1 per cent re- quired the 24-foot depth. The increase in tonnage and value is due 506 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, 11. S. ARMY, 1930 principally to the increased receipts and shipments of automobiles and trucks, naval ordnances and stores, and all nonmetallic minerals. The range of draft for loaded vessels for the principal items and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto, is approxi- mately, as follows: Gravel and sand 4 to 12 feet, 75 per cent; petro- leum products 10 to 18 feet, 13 per cent; building and crushed stone 4 to 12 feet, 5 per cent; forest products 4 to 16 feet, 3 per cent; ferti- lizer and raw materials 6 to 22 feet, 2 per cent; naval ordnances and stores 12 to 18 feet, 1 per cent; and automobiles and trucks 6 to 18 feet, 1 per cent. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925 ...-.-. 2, 439, 365 $54,043,300 535, 110 1928- .._ 2, 078, 009 $30, 260, 558 255, 066 . 2, 459,796 1926 .....-- 55, 914, 694 525, 780 1929- ..... 2, 664,341 69, 907, 800 307, 926 1927 _ 2, 402, 604 47, 711, 225 515, 264 Cost and financial sumnmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930___________________________ $153, 836. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__ ______________________ _ 296,763. 34 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 450, 599. 34 Net total expenditures_________________________ 450, 599. 34 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__________ ___________ 450, 599. 34 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work---------------------- ---- . ----- - Cost of maintenance .................... .. . $80,891.76 -$142, 230. 19 $19, 550.46 $27.49 Total expended .. - - - 80, 891. 76 137, 754.01 36, 520. 48 33.09 Allotted ----.......-.... .- .. .. 190,000. 00 5,621.39 22,083. 98 -2, 506. 03 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_______________________----____ $2,539. 12 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment__________________ 2, 506.03 Gross amount expended ---- ------------- 33.09 5. OCCOQUAN CREEK, VA. Location and description.-OccoquanCreek is formed by the junc- tion of Bull and Broad Runs, about 5 miles southeast of Manassas, Va., and flows about 13 miles in a southeasterly direction, emptying into the Potomac River about 26 miles below Washington, D. C. The drainage area is about 609 square miles, and the discharge va- ries from 10 to 21,000 second-feet. The section covered by the exist- ing project is in the tidal portion of the stream. The average width between banks is approximately one-half mile. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 560.) Original condition.-The lower portion was obstructed by three bars, over which but 1.2 feet could be carried at low tide. Aside from these the creek was amply wide and deep at low water to per- mit craft drawing 5 feet to proceed to Occoquan, the head of naviga- tion, a distance of about 6 miles. Previous projects.-The first project for the improvement of the stream was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1873. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 507 The appropriation thereunder amounted to $25,000, all of which was expended by 1880. For further details of previous project see page 1792, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide from deep water in the Potomac River to Taylors Point, and thence 100 feet wide to the town of Occoquan, 6 miles from the mouth, and the protection of the channel above Taylors Point by riprap-stone dikes 2,220 feet long. The plane of reference is mean low water. The tidal ranges are: Mean, 2 feet; extreme, 3 feet; irregular, 5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1907, is $64,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects. The latest (1923) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890 (H. Doc. No. 75, 51st Cong., 1st sess.) ; was modi- fied December 5, 1890 (see Annual Report for 1890, p. 1089, and for 1891, p. 1254); and was extended by river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 190, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 661, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 10 landings or wharves in Occo- ,quan Creek, the one pertaining to the workhouse owned by the municipal government of the District of Columbia, the principal terminal, is solid fill and open-pile structure; all the other wharves 'or landings are solid bulk.head structures. All of the wharves or landings, except the two owned by the municipal government of the District of Columbia, are open to the public on equal terms. The terminal facilities are considered sufficient for the present traffic. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, ,66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Vessels drawing 6 feet can now reach Oc- -coquan at all times. Freight rates have been reduced. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done, and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 92 per cent completed; the only work remaining to be done is the construction of the dike at Upper Mud Bar, which is not at present considered neces- sary. Stone dikes aggregating 1,953 feet in length and containing 7,827.6 cubic feet of riprap stone were built, and channels aggregat- ing 2.6 miles were dredged and redredged, 705,993 cubic yards being excavated. The controlling depth January, 1929, was 6.5 feet at mean low water. The total cost was $111,231.34, of which $41,252.95 was for new work and $69,978.39 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $111,231.34. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1930, $5,000, will be applied as follows: Maintenance of levees around spoil basin with derrick boat, 11/2 months (April and May, 1931) ------------------------------ $4, 500 Surveys and investigations ------------------------------- 500 Total ____------ ----------------------- - 5, 000 508 REPORT OF OCHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1980 The work will be done with Government plant and hired labor. The funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as it is not believed that maintenance will be necessary. Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1929 is reported as 125,980 short tons, valued at $646,689. The principal items in order to tonnage being riprap stone, 109,161 tons; and bricks, 14,750 tons. All the commerce passed over the improved section, of which 35 per cent required the increased depth. The in- crease in tonnage and value is due principally to the increased ship- ments of riprap stone and bricks. The range of draft for loaded vessels for the principal items and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto is as follows: Riprap stone 4 to 8 feet, 88 per cent; and bricks 4 to 6 feet, 12 per cent. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925.....---------------------...... 15, 985 $221, 700 1928 .----- ............ . 11, 973 $210, 325 1926_________ ......... _ 13, 954 213, 206 1929-------------------........ 125, 980 646, 689 1927 --------------------- 14, 005 201, 585 Cost and financial szwrmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------- $66, 252. 95 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------- ---------------- 69,978. 39 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 136, 231.34 Net total expenditures..-- ------------------------------ 136, 231.34 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------. 141,231.34 Fiscal year ending June 30 .1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 C ost of new work-....-- ----- .... ... -- - ---- .... ... --... .... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... Cost of maintenance----. --------------- $2, 822. 95 $1, 703. 71 $3, 084.69 $663.94 ............ Total expended............--------------------..............- 2, 822. 95 1, 703. 71 5, 763.54 699. 80 Allotted------ ---------------------- 2,000.00 6, 000. 00 -786.40 3, 600. 00 18. 33 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 --------------------------- $4,981.67 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930----- , 000. 00 5------------------------- Amount to be accounted for --------------------------- 9, 981.67 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment----------------_ 4, 981. 67 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 5, 000. 00 6. MONROE BAY AND CREEK, VA. Location and description.-Monroe Bay and Creek are located in Westmoreland County, Va., 75 miles in a southerly direction from Washington, D. C. Monroe Bay is a slight indentation on the right bank of the Potomac River, into which Monroe Creek dis- RIVERS AND HARBORS--WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 509 charges. Monroe Creek is a tidal stream 5 miles long, 250 feet wide at the mouth, with an average width of three-eighths mile for 1Y miles upstream. The drainage area is 8.9 square miles, with a small fluvial discharge for which there is no data available. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 558.) Original condition.-In Monroe Bay there are depths of 7 to 8 feet and within the creek depths of 6 to 7 feet for a distance of 1,500 feet, for channel width of 100 to 200 feet. Upstream for about 2 miles to the head of navigation there are depths of 3 to 6 feet. Previous projects.-None. Ewisting project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 8 feet deep at mean low water and 950 feet long, through the bar at the entrance, and within the creek a channel 100 feet wide and 7 feet deep and 2,500 feet long, with turning and anchorage basin 500 feet in width at the upper end in the vicinity of the Colonial Beach waterworks. The plane of reference is mean low water. The mean tidal range is 1.6 feet. The estimate of cost of new work made in 1928 is $15,200. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $700. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 172, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 11 small wharves and landings in the creek, all of which are privately owned and open to the public by special arrangement. None of the wharves have terminal or transfer facilities, and the structures are considered inadequate for present and future needs. Effect of improvement.-No work has been done under the existing project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Same as Original condition as no work has been done. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-None available. Cost and fina n~ial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ... __.. ____ Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930.... __ Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work......------------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance. . ... . ... . .-- Total expended-------- ......--- ...--------------------------------- ---- Allotted.......... ..................................... ....... Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-------------------- ---------------------- $15, 200 510 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 30 7. SMITH CREEK, MD. Location and description.-Smith Creek is a tidal stream, located in St. Marys County, Md., entering the Potomac River 10 miles upstream of its mouth and 100 miles in a southeasterly direction from Washington, D. C. The stream is about 31/2 miles in length with a width of 2,000 feet for the first mile and 200 to 1,000 feet in width in the upper sections. The drainage area is 8.2 square miles, with a small fluvial discharge for which no data are available. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 557. Original condition.-The entrance is obstructed by a bar where the controlling depth, in a tortuous channel, is 10 feet. Within the creek there are depths of 12 to 22 feet for 13/4 miles, with channel widths of 300 to 1,000 feet. Practically the entire stream is a navigable waterway with depths in the upper sections of 4 to 12 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water 150 feet wide and 1,100 feet long across the entrance bar. The plane of reference is mean low water. The mean tidal range is 1.4 feet. The estimate of cost of new work made in 1927 is $7,500. The approved estimate (1930) for annual cost of maintenance was $800. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 177, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in that document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, in adopting the project provides that local interests shall assume all claims for damages to oyster grounds affected by the improvement and furnish, without cost to the United States, satis- factory areas for the disposal of dredged material. These conditions have not yet been complied with. Terminal facilities.-There are eight wharves on Smith Creek, all privately owned and open to the public by special arrangement. The existing facilities are considered adequate. Effect of improvement.-No work has been done under the existing project. Operation and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Same as Originalcondition as no work has been done. Proposed operations.-No funds are available for the fiscal year 1931. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-None available. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930___ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------- $7, 500 RIVERS AND HARBORS-WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 511 8. COCKRELLS CREEK, VA. Location and description.-Cockrells Creek is in Northumberland County, Va. It is a tidal estuary entering the Great Wicomico River near its mouth, on the western shore of Chesapeake Bay about 75 miles north of Norfolk, Va. The creek is 31/2 miles long and five-eighths of a mile wide at the mouth, and within the creek one- quarter of a mile in width to Reedville, 13/4 miles upstream, and thence gradually decreasing in width to its source. The drainage area is 51/2 square miles, with a very small fluvial discharge, for which there is no data available. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 534.) Original condition.--There is a bar at the entrance with depths of 15 to 151/2 feet. Within the creek there are depths of 14 to 20 feet for a width of 200 feet, 134 miles upstream to Reedville, the usual head of navigation. Small craft can proceed upstream 11/4 miles with a controlling depth of 5 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 180 feet wide and 18 feet deep extending from the entrance to the deep water south of Tims Point, a total distance of 8,500 feet. The plane of reference is mean low water. The mean tidal range is 1.2 feet. The estimate of cost of new work made in 1927 is $59,000. The latest (1927) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 107, 70th Cong., 1st sess.), which docu- ment contains the latest published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The authorized project provides that local interests shall furnish, without cost to the United States, satisfac- tory spoil disposal areas for the deposit of dredged material. The conditions have not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-There are 3 steamboat wharves, 9 fish fac- tory developments, with from 1 to 5 docks each, 2 canning factory wharves, 2 oil wharves, a marine railway, and about two dozen small landings, all of which are privately owned, and open to the public only by special arrangement. The fish factory docks all have special unloading and conveying machinery for handling fish cargoes. The other wharves have no transfer or terminal facilities. The wharf structures are all of timber construction and are considered adequate for present needs. Effect of improvement.-No work has been done under the exist- ing project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Same as original condition as no work has been done. Proposed operations.-No funds are available for the fiscal year 1931. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-None available. 11714--pNG 1930-----33 512 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 193 a Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_____----------- _______________ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 Amount (estimated) required to be appropr'ated for completion of existing project------------------------------------ ------- $59, 000 9. RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER, VA. Location and description.-The Rappahannock River rises in Vir- ginia, in the Blue Ridge Mountains, and flows southeasterly about 212 miles to Chesapeake Bay, which it enters about 40 miles above Fortress Monroe. The lower 70 miles, generally deep, averages 11/ miles in width, with the characteristics of a tidal estuary rather than of a river. The section under improvement is entirely tidal. The drainage area is 2,700 square miles, and the discharge at Fredericks- burg varies from 250 to 80,000 second-feet. Destructive freshets occasionally occur, usually in the spring, sometimes reaching 32 feet at Fredericksburg. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 534, 535, 536.) Original condition.-The river was obstructed by 20 bars between Tappahannock and Fredericksburg, with ruling depths of from 4 to 10 feet, and width of approximately 100 feet. Except for these bars there was a depth of 12 feet available from Fredericksburg, the head of navigation for large steamers, to the mouth, a distance of 107 miles. Smaller vessels could go to Falmouth, 3 miles farther up. Previous projects.-The first project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and was modified in 1879. The cost and expenditures under this project to 1905 were $310,645.83, of which $197,145.83 was for new work and $113,500 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1793 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for securing a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide between the mouth and Port Royal and 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide between Port Royal and Fredericksburg by dredging and the construction of 20,401 feet of crib and pile dikes and 1,906 feet of riprap stone dikes, the latter being also designed to retain the excavated material deposited behind them. The length of section included in the project is 107 miles. The plane of reference is mean low water. The tidal ranges are: Mean, 2.8 feet at Fredericksburg, 1.6 feet at Tappahannock; extreme, 3.5 feet at Fredericksburg, 2.5 feet at Tappahannock; irregular, 6 feet at Fredericksburg, 5 feet at Tappahannock. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1905 was $171,000, exclusive of amount expended under previous project. The latest (1926) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $22,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905 (Annual Report for 1906, pp. 1110-1113). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1910, page 1364. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-In the section under improvement, extending from Fredericksburg, Va., to Tappahannock, Va., a distance of 65 RIVERS AND HARBORS--WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 513 miles, there are 43 wharves, of Which 13 are solid bulkhead type and 30 are open pile structures. Fourteen are for private use only, and 29 are open to the public on equal terms. From Tappahannock to the mouth of the river, a distance of about 43 miles, the waterway is deep, requiring no improvement, and in this section there are about 15 open pile wharves, about half of which are for private use and half open to the public on equal terms. The existing terminals appear to be adequate. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The coastwise trade has been afforded access to the upper river. Freight and passenger service has been extensively facilitated. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. derrick boat Atlas was engaged from August 12 to September 25, 1929, in re- building and repairing dikes at Fredericksburg, Pratts, Pollocks, and Spottswood bars. A total of 257 piles were driven, wales and sheeting placed in rebuilding 160 linear feet and repairing 900 linear feet of dike at a cost of $6,745.08. Deferred dredging charges from the preceding fiscal year were $38.52. 0 The U. S. excavator No. and labor gang were engaged from Sep- tember 11 to September 26, 1929, in building levees for deposit basin in preparation for dredging, handling 7,563 cubic yards of material at a cost of $2,366.51. A survey of the shoals in the area covered by the project and miscellaneous investigations were made at a cost of $513.25. Miscellaneous work was done in protection of the sand fills at a cost of $423.82. Costs in connection with obtaining flooding permits were $3.09. The total cost for the year was $10,090.27, all applied to main- tenance. The total expenditure was $9,903.83. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1910; 20,401 feet of timber dike and 1,906 feet of stone dike containing 3,625 cubic yards of riprap were built and main- tained; channels aggregating 11.6 miles were dredged and redredged, 1,691,805 cubic yards being excavated. The dikes at Fredericksburg and the channels are in fair condition, the controlling depth March, 1930, was 8.8 feet at mean low water. The total cost under the ex- isting project was $510,593.49, of which $217,487.20 was for new work and $293,106.29 was for maintenance. The total expenditures were $510,407.05. Proposed operations.--The funds unexpended June 30, 1930, $53,661.63, will be applied as follows: Redredging channel with hydraulic dredge, 5 months (February to June, 1931) ------------------------------------------- $48, 500.00 Purchase of deposit basin and flooding rights-------------------- 2, 000. 00 Construction of levees--------------------------------------1, 000. 00 Protection of sand fills------------------ ---------------- 1, 000. 00 Surveys and investigations------------------------- 1, 161. 63 Total____------------------- ------------------- 53, 661.63 Work will be done with Government plant and hired labor. It is expected that the funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. 514 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The sum of $27,000 can be profitably expended for maintenance during the fiscal year 1932, as follows: Redredging of channels with hydraulic dredge- --- _____- --- __--$25, 000 Construction of levees-------------------------------------- 500 Purchase of flooding rights------------------ 1,000 Surveys and investigations ----------- _____-500 Total---- 000 2--------------------- The above amount exceeds the average expenditure for maintenance during the past five years, and is required to restore project dimen- sions on bars which have not been dredged for a number of years and includes overdepth dredging to 3 feet in order to defer maintenance for a longer period. Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1929 is re- ported as 248,585 short tons, valued at $12,092,976. The principal items in order of tonnage being forest products, 79,768 tons; oysters and shells, 54,300 tons; sand and gravel, 31,036 tons; vegetable food products, 21,615 tons; and petroleum products, 15,656 tons. Forty- nine per cent of the commerce passed over the improved section, of which 27 per cent of the vessels required the increased depth of 9.6 feet. The decreased tonnage is due principally to the decreased receipts and shipments of fish. The increased value is due principally to the increased receipts of gasoline and groceries and shipments of shucked oysters and agricultural products. The range of draft for loaded vessels for the principal items, and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto is as follows: Forest products 4 to 12 feet, 39 per cent; oysters and shells 3 to 12 feet, 27 per cent; sand and gravel 4 to 14 feet, 15 per cent; vegetable food products 3 to 12 feet, 11 per cent; and petroleum products 6 to 12 feet, 8 per cent. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925-.....------ 268, 845 $13, 463, 090 23, 745 1928........250, 227 $10, 990, 309 16, 901 ------- 323, 178 1926........ 12, 873, 590 --- 248, 585 20,656 1929-----........ 12,;092, 976 10, 792 1927-------...... 341, 423 12, 733, 097 21, 903 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__-------------- - __-_$414, 633.03 Cost of maintenance to June 30. 1930------------------------406, 606. 29 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------- 821, 239. 32 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930---__-------- -- 186. 44 Net total expenditures------ ----------- --------------- 821, 052. 88 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------- 53, 661. 63 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--_-------____ 874, 714. 51 RIVERS AND HARBORS-WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 515 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work --------------------------------------- --------------------------- Cost of maintenance--_.------------------ $10, 235. 05 $26, 878. 14 $18, 894.32 $12,448.02 $10, 090.27 ...-------------------- Total expended--- 10, 235. 05 26, 878. 14 16, 677. 19 16, 074. 61 9, 903.83 Allotted.------------------------------15,000.00 35,000.00 2,602. 04 25,000.00 38,217.50 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ____----------------- ---------- $25,347.96 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928-------------------------- $1,217. 50 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929------------------------- 32,000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------------------- 5,000. 00 38, 217. 50 Net amount to be accounted for ----------------------- 63, 565. 46 Gross amount expended ------------------------------------ 9,903.83 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 53, 661.63 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ------ __________-- --- 201.44 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------ 53, 460. 19 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 27, 000.00 30, 1932, for maintenance 10. MULBERRY CREEK, VA. The project was completed in 1928, at a saving of $107 under the estimated cost. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, and no work is now proposed as the project is in a satisfactory condition. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1929, page 483. No further reports will be submitted. Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1929 is reported as 9,688 short tons, valued at $337,188. The principal items in order of tonnage being oysters and shells, 8,604 tons, and vegetable food products, 455 tons. All of the commerce passed over the improved section of which 56 per cent required the increased depth. The increase in tonnage is due principally to the increased receipts of empty cans in cases and fertilizer, while the decrease in value is due principally to the decreased shipments of vegetable food and forest products. The range in draft for loaded vessels for the principal items, and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto is as follows: Oysters and shells 3 to 8 feet, 95 per cent, and vegetable food prod- ucts 4 to 8 feet, 5 per cent. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925..-------- (a) (a) ---- 1928--------....... 9, 525 $376, 645 -. 1926-------....13,865 $613, 195 ------------ 1929--------........ 9, 688 337,188 50 1927..... 15, 743 407, 818 o Not reported. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 516 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial swm4mary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------ --------- $2, 392. 60 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------- 107. 40 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------- 2, 500. 00 Net total expenditures---- --------------------------------- 2, 500.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------------2, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ----------------------------------------- $1, 384.43 $1, 008. 17 ------ Cost of maintenance-------------.. ------- ......--------.....--------------------- 107. 40. Total expended- ------------ --------------------.------------ 1,088. 78 1,411.22 Allotted-----------------------------.................................. ------------------- 2,500.00------------------- 11. URBANNA CREEK, VA. Location and description.-UrbannaCreek rises in Virginia, flows in an easterly direction about 5 miles to the Rappahannock River, which it enters about 15 miles above its mouth, and is mainly tidal. The average width between banks is one-fourth of a mile. The section covered by the existing project is entirely tidal. The drain- age area is 15 square miles, and the discharge is small; data not available. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 535.) Original condition.-There was a bar at the mouth over which the ruling depth was 61/2 feet, and there was a shoal within the creek with a ruling depth of 7 feet; the width of the channel was about 100 feet. Except for these bars there was a depth of 10 feet available- as far as Urbanna Wharf, nine-tenths of a mile. Small boats could proceed 2 or 3 miles farther up. Prvious projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 150 feet wide and 10 feet deep, at mean low water, nine-tenths of a mile through the outer and inner bars with a turning basin of the same depth at the head of steamboat navigation, and for jetties to protect the channel through the outer bar. The jetties are 2,612 feet long- one of riprap 1,895 feet long, and one of timber 717 feet long. The plane of reference is mean low water. The tidal ranges are: Mean, 1.5 feet; extreme, 2.5 feet; irregular, 4.5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1897, was $70,000. The latest (1917) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879. (Annual Report for 1875, vol. 2, p. 139.) It was modified in 1883, 1888, and 1897. The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1890, page 1070. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-This waterway has 10 improved wharves of open-pile construction, 4 of which are open to the public on equal terms. There are several shore landings intermittently used by craft for embarking lumber, one of which is owned by the county of Middlesex and is open to all on equal terms, and there are several RIVERS AND HARBORS-WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 517 small wharves used for private purposes and of no commercial im- portance. These facilities are considered adequate for the present and prospective needs of commerce. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The steamboats of the line operating from Baltimore and Norfolk to the Rappahannock River can reach the wharves at Urbanna, and landings are made there three days a week, or two days from Baltimore and one day from Norfolk, while daily landings are made in the main river at West Urbanna, which is 2 miles from Urbanna. The landing in Urbanna Creek avoids this haul. There has been no apparent effect on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1914, at a saving of $31,188 under the estimated cost. The jetties were finished in 1913, the dredging in 1914. A total of 223,549 cubic yards of material has been dredged, 452 linear feet of brush and oyster-shell dikes have been built, 1,895 linear feet of stone jetty have been completed by placing 3,937 cubic yards of riprap, and 717 linear feet of timber dike have been built. The stone jetty is in good condi- tion, about 70 per cent of the timber dike has been destroyed. The controlling depth in August, 1928, was 10.1 feet at mean low water. The total cost under the existing project was $71,742.16, of which $38,811.77 was for new work and $32,930.39 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $71,742.16. Proposed operations.-None. No funds are available nor are any required for the fiscal year 1932, as it is not believed that maintenance will be necessary. Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1929 is reported as 17,666 short tons, valued at $1,456,587. The principal items in order of tonnage being forest products, 3,817 tons; fish, oysters, and shells, 3,738 tons; petroleum products, 2,933 tons; auto- mobiles and trucks, 1,753 tons; general merchandise, 960 tons; and vegetable food products, 882 tons. All of the commerce passed over the improved section of which 21 per cent required the increased depth. The decrease in tonnage is due principally to the decreased shipments of forest products and oyster shells. The increase in value is due to the increased value of automobiles and trucks. The range of draft for loaded vessels for the principal items, and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto is approx- imately as follows: Forest products 6 to 10 feet, 28 per cent; fish, oysters, and shells 3 to 12 feet, 27 per cent; petroleum products 8 to 12 feet, 20 per cent; automobiles and trucks 4 to 10 feet, 12 per cent; general merchandise 4 to 10 feet, 7 per cent; and vegetable-food products 4 to 10 feet, 6 per cent. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925-------- 36, 195 $1, 844, 615 3, 900 1928--------........ 22, 870 $1,038, 000 3, 080 1926- -.... 42, 237 1, 884, 219 3, 409 1929........ 17, 666 1, 456, 587 3, 997 1927.----- 27, 302 1, 576, 225 3, 331 518 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and f nancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-----------------------------$38, 811. 77 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-----------------------------32, 930. 39 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 -------------- 71, 742. 16 Net total expenditures------------------------------------ 71, 742. 16 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------------- 71, 742. 16 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------- ------------ --------------------------------- ------ Cost of maintenance ---------------------------------------- 180. 39 $2, 802. 11 Total expended--..---..........--------------- -- 140.34 2,982.50---------- Allotted..---.......---- ------------ -------- ----------------------- 7,859.66 -3,000.00 ...---------- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------------------$2, 017. 50 Deductions on account of revocation of allo' ment ---------------- 2, 017. 50) 12. CARTERS CREEK, VA. Location and description.-CartersCreek, Lancaster County, Va.,. is a tidal estuary on the left bank of the Rappahannock River, 10 miles above its mouth and 66 miles north of Norfolk, Va. Carters Creek is formed by the confluence of Eastern Branch, Carters Creek proper, and Carters Cove, immediately within the entrance, forming a large land-locked harbor. The branches of the creek are 3, 2 1/2, and 1 miles in length, respectively, with widths ranging from 1,00& to 500 feet except in the extreme upper sections. The drainage area is 81/2 square miles with a very small fluvial discharge for which no data are available. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 534.) Original condition.--The entrance was obstructed by a bar with a controlling depth of 10 feet. Within the creek, the Eastern Branch was obstructed by the projection of Gallyhook Point into the channel, which rendered navigation difficult. The Eastern Branch has a navigable depth of 11 feet for one mile upstream of the mouth, and Carters Creek for 0.6 mile. In Carters Cove there is a navigable depth of 81/2 feet for 0.4 mile upstream. Small craft can proceed upstream for three-quarters of a mile to the head of navigation in the two main branches with depths of 5 to 10 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 15 feet deep, 200 feet wide, approximately 2,200 feet long; a channel in Eastern Branch, at Gallyhook Point, 12 feet deep, 100 feet wide and 1,100 feet long, and in Carters Cove a channel 12 feet deep, 100 feet wide, 1,700 feet long, to the Humphreys Marine Railways, (Inc.); and for a jetty on the downstream side of the entrance channel. The plane of reference is mean low water. The mean tidal range is 1.4 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1930, is $40,450, in- cluding $4,000 to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1930) approved estimates for annual cost of maintenance of the channel in Carters Cove is $1,000. There is no approved estimate of mainte- nance of the other portions of the project. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for all features of IIIVERS AND HARBORS-WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 519 the project except the channel in Carters Cove (H. Doc. No. 185, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the Carters Cove Channel (H. Doc. No. 518, 70th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, provides that local interests shall contribute $4,000 toward the cost of dredging the channel in Carters Cove. This condition has not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-There are 11 wharves on the creek, all of timber construction. All of the wharves are privately owned and open to the public by special arrangement. The existing wharf facilities are considered adequate. Effect of improvement.-The work completed has been of consid- erable benefit to commerce, but so far as known has had no effect upon freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The entrance channel, Gallyhook Point channel in Eastern Branch, and jetty were completed in 1908. Work has not been commenced on the new channel in Carters Cove authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. The project is 73 per cent completed. A total of 65,893 cubic yards of material was dredged from the channels and 1,507 cubic yards of stone was deposited in 742 linear feet of jetty. The channels completed are in good condition; the controlling depths at mean low water in Decem- ber, 1927, were 16.5 feet in the entrance channel, 14 feet in the Gallyhook channel, and 8.5 feet in Carters Cove. The total cost under the existing project was $29,588.48, of which $28,397.55 was for new work and $1,190.93 was for maintenance. The total expenditures were $29,588.48. Proposed operations.-No funds are available for the fiscal year 1931. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-None available. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930- _____ $28, 397. 55 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ _-_ ___ __ - -___ 1, 190. 93 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------------29, 588. 48 Net total expenditures_-----_ _ ------- -- 29, 588. 48 "Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_____ ____ 29, 588. 48 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project __________________ ------- __ 8, 050.00 13. HORN HARBOR, VA. Location and description.-Horn Harbor is in Mathews County, Va. It is a tidal stream entering Chesapeake Bay on its western 1 In addition $4,000 is to be contributed by local interests. 520 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 shore, 3 miles north of New Point Comfort, about 43 miles north of Norfolk, Va. The stream is about 4 miles long with a width of 1 mile at its mouth, and 200 to 300 feet in width in the upper sections. Its drainage area is 6.1 square miles, with a small fluvial discharge for which no data is available. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1222.) Original condition.-The entrance to the harbor is obstructed by a bar with a controlling depth of 31/2 feet. Inside the bar the harbor has channel depths of 6 to 14 feet and widths of 100 to 500 feet for a distance of 2 miles, and small boats can proceed an additional mile upstream. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water 100 feet wide and 3,300 feet long across the entrance bar. The plane of reference is mean low water. The mean tidal range is 1.7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1927 is $12,000, of which amount local interests are to contribute $6,000. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. (H. Doc. No. 124, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, provides that local interests shall contribute $6,000 toward the cost of the work and shall furnish, without cost to the United States, satisfactory areas for the disposal of excavated material. These conditions have not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-A cannery and packing wharf is on the en- trance bar and within the harbor there are 2 fuel oil wharves, a marine railway, a lumber wharf, and 16 minor wharves and landings, all privately owned and open to the public by special arrangement. The existing facilities are considered adequate. Effect of improvement.-No work has been done under the exist- ang project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Same as original condition as no work has been done. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-None available. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 Total amount apprpriated to June 30, 1930__ Amount (estimated) required , to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1_-__-__ -__ _ _____ ___ $6, 000.00 1 In addition $6,000 is to be contributed by local interests. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 521 14. YORK RIVER, VA. Location and description.-The York River is formed at West Point, Va., by the confluence of the Mattaponi and Pamunkey Rivers, and flows southeasterly about 41 miles into Chesapeake Bay, which it enters about 20 miles in a northerly direction from Norfolk, Va., and 20 miles in a northwesterly direction from the Atlantic Ocean at Cape Henry. The York River has the characteristics of a tidal estuary with an average width of 13/4 miles. The drainage area is 2,500 square- miles. The low-water discharge is about 250 second- feet and high-water discharge is about 75,000 second-feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 494 and 495.) Original condition.-There was an available depth of 24 feet for the entire river except for Poropotank Bar, 32 miles above the mouth, with a ruling depth of 181/2 feet, and West Point Bar, at the head of the York River, with a ruling depth of 151/2 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 22 feet deep at mean low water and 400 feet wide through the bars, and a basin of the same depth at the wharves at West Point, and the con- struction of a dike on the right bank at West Point to assist in main- taining the channel. The plane of reference is mean low water. The tidal ranges are: Mean 2.2 feet at mouth and 2.9 feet at West Point, and the extreme 3.9 feet and irregular 6.0 feet at West Point. The estimate of cost for new work, modified in 1887, was $308,800. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880 (Annual Report for 1880, p. 897). It was modified in 1884 and 1887. The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1894, page 964. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-In general the improvement is to the main river channel, so that terminal facilities are only served directly at West Point, Va. In all there are 20 wharves on the York River, dis- tributed as follows: West Point (mouth of Pamunkey Allmonds-------- 1 River) ----------------------- 2 Yorktown--------------------- 10 Claybank ---------------------- 1 Gloucester Point 6------------ These wharves are of open pile construction. All of the wharves, with the exception of two at Yorktown, are privately owned and are open to the public by special arrangement. The facilities are con- sidered adequate for the existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The improvement under the existing project was of considerable benefit to commerce in years past in per- mitting deep-draft cotton-carrying ocean-going vessels to reach the railroad terminal at West Point, Va. Within recent years shoaler- draft coastwise vessels have been facilitated in handling commerce. The improved section of the river forms a part of the Baltimore, Md., and West Point, Va., water transportation route, which is a factor in determining the basic key rate for rail tariffs to the South and West. 522 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Operations and results during fiscal year.-Miscellaneous office costs were $13.50, and the total expenditure was $13.50, all applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was about 75 per cent completed in 1899; the part not completed was the dredging of the channels to the full project width of 400 feet, which was not considered necessary at that time and subsequently the navigation on the York River has not justified completing the project. A pile and timber dike 10,142 feet in length was built at West Point, and channels aggregating 2.5 miles were dredged and redredged, 1,296,805 cubic yards of material being excavated. The channels are in fair condition and considered adequate for the present navi- gation, with controlling depths as follows: Name Depth Width Date Feet Feet Poropotank Bar-------- ......----------------- __ __-_ -- 20. 6 300 March, 1929. West Point Bar_ ____..-------------_ ______-------21. 5 200 February, 1929. Basin, West Point___ ..---.-------------------- 2. 0-22. 0 -..... June, 1930. The dike at West Point is in poor condition. The total costs to June 30, 1930, were $310,143.19, of which $180,904.20, was for new work and $129,238.99 for maintenance. The expenditures were $310,143.19. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1930, $29,800, will be applied as follows: Redredging channel with hydraulic dredge, 3 months (August to November, 1930) ----- ----------------------------------- $29, 500 Surveys and investigations -------------------------------------- 300 Total----------------------------------------------- 29, 800 The work will be done with Government plant and hired labor. It is expected that the funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as it is not believed that maintenance will be necessary. Commercial statistic.- Commerce for the calendar year 1929 is reported as 285,863 short tons, valued at $30,536,390, exclusive of 21,569 tons of general ferry traffic, valued at $3;235,323. The prin- cipal items in order of tonnage being petroleum products, 84,189 tons; forest products, 82,423 tons; general merchandise, 55,275 tons; vegetable food products, 26,345 tons; and fish and oysters, 6,714 tons. Forty-six per cent of the commerce passed over the improved sec- tion. The decrease in tonnage is due principally to the decreased shipments in pulpwood. The increase in value is due principally to the increased receipts in petroleum products. The range of draft for loaded vessels for the principal items, and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto is approxi- mately as follows: Petroleum products 6 to 12 feet. 33 per cent; forest products 4 to 16 feet, 32 per cent; general merchandise 6 to 16 feet, 22 per cent; vegetable food products, 4 to 16 feet, 10 per cent; and fish and oysters 2 to 16 feet, 3 per cent. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 523 Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925 ....-------- 250, 890 $25, 148, 010 56, 212 1928----- .....--- 291, 449 $29, 214, 031 34, 912 1926-------- 286, 131 27, 225, 348 56, 031 1929-------- 285,863 30, 536, 390 35,220 1927--------.... 311, 923 27, 238, 136 54, 122 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------------- $180, 904.20 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------- 129, 238.99 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 310, 143.19 Net total expenditures----------------------------------------- 310, 143.19 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ----------------------------- - 29, 800.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------339, 943. 19 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .. Cost of maintenance________...__--------------- $20, 185.49 $3, 670. 09 $1, 550. 76 $1350 Total expended ____________ _------------------20,185.49 4,965.45 2, 327. 26 13. 50 Allotted----------- --------------------------------- 35,000.00 -7,009.51 __-___- 29,301.21 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------------- $512.29 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved February 28, 1929-------------------- $22, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930----------------------- - 29, 800. 00 51, 800.00 Amount to be accounted for------------------------------- 52,312.29 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-----------------22, 498. 79 Net amount to be accounted for--------------------------- 29,813.50 Gross amount expended------------------------------------------ 13. 50 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------- 29,800.00 15 MATTAPONI RIVER, VA. Location and description.-The Mattaponi River rises in Virginia and flows in a southeasterly direction for about 120 miles to its junc- tion with the Pamunkey River at West Point, Va., forming the York River, and averages about one-fourth of a mile between banks. Above Dunkirk, for 79 miles, the river is nontidal, having a mod- erate current; below that point, 41 miles, it is tidal. The drainage area is 800 square miles. The discharge varies from 50 to 20,000 second feet. Freshets usually occur in the spring. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 504.) Original condition.-There was an available depth of 10 feet as far as Walkerton, 28 miles. Between Walkerton and Aylett, 10 miles, there were seven bars with ruling depths of 2.4 to 3.8 feet. The width of the channel then in use was about 100 feet. The river was obstructed by wrecks, logs, snags, and overhanging trees. From Aylett to Guinea Bridge, 63 miles, the stream was narrow, with a 524 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 slope of 2 to 3 feet per mile, and its only commercial use was for logging. Tidal action extends ordinarily as far as Dunkirk, 41 miles from the mouth. The head of navigation was Aylett. The length of the navigable portion was 38 miles. Previous projects.-The previous project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880 (Annual Report for 1875, vol. 2, p. 166), and modified by river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. The cost and expenditures under this project were $111,689.71, of which $51,249.48 was for new work and $60,440.23 for maintenance. For further details of previous project see page 531 of Annual Report for 1918. Existing project.-This provides for securing a channel 51/2 feet deep and 75 feet wide to Pointers, and the removal of snags, logs, and overhanging trees obstructing navigation to Dunkirk. The length of the section in which snagging alone is provided, extending from Pointers, 5 miles above Walkerton, Va., to Dunkirk, Va., is 8 miles. The distance from the mouth of the river to Walkerton, Pointers, and Dunkirk are 28, 33, and 41 miles, respectively. The plane of reference is mean low water. The tidal ranges are: Mean, 3.9 feet at Walkerton, 2.9 feet at West Point; extreme, 4.5 feet at Walkerton, 3.9 feet at West Point; irregular, 7 feet at Walkerton, 6 feet at West Point. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1915 was $7,000, but the project was completed without cost through maintenance operations under the previous project. The latest (1926) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 861, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map will be found in the Annual Report for 1910, page 1356. Recom~rtended mnodifloations of project.-None. " Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Pointers Wharf, an open-pile structure, is the principal terminal in the portion of the waterway covered by the dredging project. This wharf is closed to public use. In the por- tion of the waterway covered by the dredging project there are two shore landings, one of which is open to the public on equal terms. In the portion of the waterway above the dredging project, where only snagging operations are done, one wharf, an open-pile structure, and six shore landings exist. All are open to the public on equal terms. In the deep portion of the waterway below Walkerton, where im- provement is unnecessary, there are about 12 wharves of open-pile construction and about 13 shore landings. It is believed that another wharf owned, controlled, or open to the general public should be con- structed near Pointers; otherwise the terminal facilities are consid- ered adequate. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of imnprovement.-Steamers can now make their calls at river landings without reference to the tide. Shipments have been facilitated, and it is understood that freight rates have been some- what reduced. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. derrick boat Atlas was engaged from July 8 to August 5, 1929, in snagging the RIVERS AND HARBORS-WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 525 river between Walkerton and Dunkirk and in dredging a small shoal, removing a total of 558 snags, trees and logs and 754 cubic yards of material at a cost of $4,785. 82. A survey of the shoals in the area covered by the project and miscellaneous investigations were made at a cost of $288.55. The total cost for the fiscal year was $5,074. 37; all applied to maintenance. The total expenditure was $4, 893.49. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1919. Channels aggregating 2.3 miles were dredged and redredged, 49,108 cubic yards of material being excavated. The channels are in good condition. The controlling depth in May, 1930, was 5.4 feet at mean low water. The total cost under the existing project was $31,852.18, and was applied to maintenance. No expenditure for new work was made for the existing project, as channels of project dimensions had been secured by the operating requirements of hydraulic dredges under the previous project. The total expenditures were $31,671.30. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1930, $10,634.22, will be applied as follows: Redredging channels with hydraulic dredge, 1 month (November to December, 1930) --------------------------------------------- $10, 000. 00 Miscellaneous surveys, investigations--------------------------- 634. 22 Total---- 0, 634. 22 1--------------------------- The work will be done with Government plant and hired labor. It is expected that the funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as it is not believed that maintenance will be necessary. Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the calender year 1929 is reported as 91,497 short tons, valued at $1,200,357. The principal items in order of tonnage being forest products, 67,665 tons; oysters and shells, 8,661 tons; petroleum products, 6,653 tons; and vegetable food products, 3,494 tons. All of the commerce passed over the im- proved section, of which 32 per cent required the 5.7 feet depth and 31 per cent required the increased depth up to 12 feet. The decrease in tonnage and value is due principally to the decreased receipts of petroleum products and general merchandise and shipments of pulpwood. The range in draft for loaded vessels for the principal items and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto is approxi- mately as follows: Forest products 4 to 14 feet, 78 per cent; oysters and shells 2 to 10 feet, 10 per cent; petroleum products 6 to 12 feet, 8 per cent; and vegetable food products 4 to 10 feet, 4 per cent. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925........ 1926...... - 117, 065 110, 445 $1, 383,925 1,452, 886 179 170 1928........ 1929........ 142, 542 91, 497 1,..5 $1, 962,080 1, 200, 357 ....... 1927........ 103, 338 1, 387, 374 240 526 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 193 a Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930______________________________ $54, 899. 7 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930___________________________ 88, 642. 17 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930____________ 143, 541. 89 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 80. 88 1______________ Net total expenditures___________________________ 43, 361. 01 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ______________________________ 10, 634. 22 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 153, 995. 23 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....- -- Cost of maintenance ------------------- $1, 211. 36 $1, 134. 78 $2, 000. 53 $3, 144 08 $5, 074. 37 Total expended_------- ----------- 1, 211. 36 1, 134. 78 864. 30 3, 199. 41 4,893.49 Allotted . - ............- .--- . 1,000.00 8,000. 00 -2, 604. 66 4, 000. QO 9,860. 1& Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ___ ___ - ___________ _ $5, 667. 53; Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929--_------------------ __- $7, 350, 00, Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930_------- __-_____-__ 10, 000, 0. Amount to be accounted for ------------------------ --- 23, 017. 53, Deductions on account of revocation of allotment ---------------- 7, 489. 82 Net amount to be accounted for ------------------- 15, 527. 71 Gross amount expended _______________________-- 4, 893. 49 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------- ___ __ 10, 634. 22 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930___________________________ 180. 88 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------- 10, 453.34 16. PAMUNKEY RIVER, VA. Location and description.-The Pamunkey River rises in Virginia, flows in a southeasterly direction for 130 miles to its junction with the Mattaponi River at West Point, Va., forming the York River. The upper 74 miles are nontidal and have a moderate current. The average width between banks is one-fourth of a mile. Its drainage area is 1,406 square miles and its discharge varies from 150 to 40,000 second-feet. Freshets rise 22 feet at Hanovertown, 61 miles above the mouth, and usually occur in the spring. The lower 50 miles, which include the entire section under improvement, are tidal. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 504.) Original condition.-A draft of 7 feet could be carried to Buck- land Bar. Between this bar and Bassett Ferry there were, five bars, with ruling depths varying from 21/2 to 51/2 feet. The width of the channel was about 100 feet. There were additional bars in the 11 miles between Bassett Ferry and Hanovertown, the original upper. limit of the improvement, and the river was also obstructed by, RIVERS AND HARBORS-WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 527 wrecks, logs, snags, and overhanging trees. The head of navigation for all craft was Newcastle Ferry, 53 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--This provides for securing a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide between Bassett Ferry and the mouth of the river, a distance of 50 miles. The plane of reference is mean low water. The tidal ranges are: Mean, 2.9 feet at West Point, 4 feet at Newcastle Ferry; extreme, 3.5 feet at West Point, 5 feet at Newcastle Ferry; irregular, 6 feet at West Point, 7.5 feet at Newcastle Ferry. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1875 was $17,508. The estimated cost was modified in 1908 to $55,000 to cover increased depth and width of channel below Bassett Ferry. The latest (1926) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. (Annual Report for 1875, Part II, p. 162.) The project was modified in 1885 and 1908 partly by increasing the depth and width of channel below Bassett Ferry and partly by omitting the portion of the river above Bassett Ferry. The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1890, page 1074. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no wharves existing in the im- proved section. Six shore landings are located along the banks. where deep water is available. These landing places are open to the public on equal terms, and as terminal points they are considered of insignificant importance; however, they appear to be adequate for the requirements of present and prospective commerce. In the deep portion of the waterway below the section under improvement there exist 20 wharves or landings, of which about half are open to the public on equal terms. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Shipments have been facilitated, and it is- stated that freight rates have been reduced. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. derrick boat Atlas was engaged on July 1 and 2, 1929, in emergency dredging on Gregory Bar, handling a total of 1,131 cubic yards of material at a cost of $481.26. Deferred charges from the preceding fiscal year for snagging were $494.72. Surveys of the shoals in the area covered by the project were made and miscellaneous investigations were handled at a cost of $239.62. The cost for the fiscal year was $1,215.60, all applied to mainte- nance. The expenditure was $4,417.81. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913, at a saving of about $15,000 under the estimated cost. Channels aggregating 1.6 miles were dredged and redredged,. 161,713 cubic yards being excavated. Longitudinal sheet-pile dikes, aggregating 1,478 linear feet, and permeable spur dikes, aggregating 2,332 linear feet, have been built. The dikes are in good condition. The controlling depth in May, 1930, was 4.4 feet at mean low water,. except at the extreme upper end of the project. The total cost was- 11 714---ENG 1930--34 528 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 $107,997.93, of which $31,376.44 was for new work, and $76,621.49 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $107,942.95. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1930, $13,655.56, will be applied as follows: Redredging channel with hydraulic dredge, one and one-fourth months (December, 1930 and January, 1931)------------------ $13, 000. 00 Surveys and investigations --------- ---------- 655. 56 Total---------------------------------------------$13, 655. 56 The work will be done with Government plant and hired labor. It is expected that the funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as it is not believed that maintenance will be necessary. Commercial statitistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1929 is reported as 168,616 short tons, valued at $24,021,236. The principal items in order of tonnage being forest products, 86,511 tons; general merchandise, 44,158 tons; vegetable food products, 19,281 tons; iron and steel, 4,537 tons; cigars, cigarettes, and tobacco, 3,903 tons, and automobiles, trucks, and parts, 2,683 tons. Forty six per cent of the commerce passed over the improved section of which 73 per cent required the 4.9 feet depth and the remainder required the increased depth of 15 feet. The decrease in tonnage is due principally to the decrease in shipments of forest products while the increase in value is due to the increase in tonnage of all other commodities. The range of draft for loaded vessels for the principal items, and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto is approxi- mately as follows: Forest products 4 to 12 feet, 54 per cent; general merchandise 10 to 16 feet, 27 per cent; vegetable food products 10 to 16 feet, 12 per cent; iron and steel 10 to 16 feet, 3 per cent; cigars, cigarettes, and tobacco 10 to 16 feet, 21/2 per cent; and automobiles 10 to 16 feet, 11/2 per cent. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925--------........ 85,610 $694,650 ------------ 1928..-------- 236, 837 $2,281,040 ... 1926........ 100, 411 770, 411 ------------ 1929-------- 168, 616 24, 021, 236 31,698 1927--------....... 191,609 1,248, 119 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $31, 376. 44 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_-------------------- 76, 621.49 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 997. 93 1------------07, Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 54. 98 Net total expenditures-- -------------------------- 107,942.95 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------------------- 13, 655. 56 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 121, 598.51 RIVERS AND HARBORS--WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 529 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....------------------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance-...------------------ 2, 513. 38 $2, 447.45 $244. 39 $9, 898. 93 $1, 215. 60 Total expended.--.------------------------ 2, 513. 38 2, 447. 45 --465. 87 6, 698. 60 4, 417. 81 Allotted--------------------------------- 1, 000. 00 8,000.00 -2,861.85 8, 000. 00 11, 998. 39 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---_ ---------------------------- $6, 074. 98 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928---------------------------- $800.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929 ----------------------- -- 10, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--__--------------- 13,000.00 23, 800. 00 Amount to be accounted for ---------------------------- 29, 874. 98 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment---------------11, 801. 61 -________18, Net amount to be accounted for_____________ 073. 37 Gross amount expended------------------------------------ 4, 417. 81 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------13,655.56 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-----------------------------54. 98 Balance available June 30, 1930_ ------------------------ 13. 600. 58 17. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES. (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in House Document No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor line studies; fish net inspections; administration, charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $64,900.73; the expenditures were $63,945.68. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $36,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ $93, 210. 71 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------- 6,520. 61 Net total expenditures------------------------------- 86, 690. 10 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 38, 299. 90 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 124, 990. 00 530 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---------------------------- ------ - - Cost of maintenance_- ------------ -------- _ __- $38, 309. 98 $54, 900. 73 Total expended__ _ - _ 32, -_______ 744. 42 53, 945. 68 Allotted --.- -- ---------- - ------ ------------ - --... $6, 000. 00 70, 290. 00 48, 700. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 $43, 545. 58 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928-----------------------------$7, 000. 00 'Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929__ ------------------------------ 13, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930- 20, 700. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930, Mar. 26, 1.930------------------------- 000. 00 8--------------, 48, 700. 00 Amount to be accounted for-------------------------------- 92, 245. 58 Gross amount expended ------------------------------ 53, 945. 68 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------------38, 299.90 Outstanding liab lities June 30, 1930----------------------------- 6, 520. 61 Balance available June 30, 1930---------------------------- 31, 779.29 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance' 2 _----------__ 36, 000. 00 EXAMINATION AND SURVEY MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED MARCH 3, 1925 Report dated November 30, 1926, with maps, on preliminary ex- amination and survey of the Potomac River, the water front on the north side of the Washington Channel, D. C., required by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925, was duly submitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and was transmitted to Con- gress and printed in House Document No. 127, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for improvement of the water front on the north side by the pier and slip system, without direct railway connections; for widening and beautifying Water Street; and that the cost of the entire project, estimated at $3,691,- 600, be divided between the Federal Government and the District of Columbia, $2,392,280 for the former and $1,299,320 for the latter; with certain provisions. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Neales Creek, Charles County, Md. 2. Totuskey Creek, Richmond County, Va. 3. Windmill Point Creek, Lancaster County, Va. 4. Mosquito Creek, Lancaster County, Va. 5. Urbanna Creek, Middlesex County, Va. 6. DickersoTs Bay, Gloucester County, Va. 1Exclusive of available funds. 2Exclusive of Beach Erosion Board. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 531 IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT This district includes the watersheds tributary to Chesapeake Bay, from and including Onancock River, Va., on the east shore, southerly to Cape Charles, Va., and from and including Poquoson River, Va., on the west shore, southerly and easterly to the Atlantic Ocean at Cape Henry, Va.; the watersheds tributary to the Atlantic Ocean from Cape Henry, Va., to and including Oregon Inlet, N.'C.; and also that portion of the intracoastal waterway between Norfolk, Va., and Beaufort Inlet, N. C., north of Neuse River, N. C. District engineer: Lieut. Col. Henry C. Jewett, Corps of Engi- neers. Division engineer: Lieut. Col. Henry C. Jewett, Corps of Engi- neers, to October 27, 1929, and Col. Harley B. Ferguson, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Norfolk Harbor, Va__ _____ 531 14. Operating and care of the 2. Thimble Shoal Channel, Va_ 540 inland waterway from 3. Channel to Newport News, Norfolk, Va., to Beaufort Va 542 Inlet, N. C______- 580 4. James River, Va___________ 546 15. Blackwater River, Va_____ 583 5. Willoughby Channel, Va__- 552 16. Knobbs Creek, N. C_____ 586 6. Appomattox River, Va .... 553 17. Meherrin River, N. C____ 588 7. Pagan River, Va_ 557 18. Edenton Harbor, N. C --- 590 8. Nansemond River, Va _____ 559 19. Cashie River, N. C_ _... 592 9. Onancock River, Va_______ 563 20. Roanoke River, N. C ...... 594 10. Nandua Creek, Va____ __ 565 21. Scuppernong River, N. C--- 597 11. Occohannock Creek, Va____ 567 22. Manteo (Shallowbag) Bay, 12. Waterway from Norfolk, N. C-------------------- 600 Va., to the sounds of 23. Mackay Creek, N. C .....- 602 North Carolina ______. . 568 24. Examinations, surveys, and 13. Inland waterway from Nor- contingencies (general) _ 604 folk, Va., to Beaufort In- let, N. C------ 572 NORFOLK HARBOR AND CHANNELS, 1A. This improvement is divided into three subheads: (1) Norfolk Harbor, (2) Thimble Shoal Channel in the southern end of Chesa- peake Bay, and (3) the channel leading to Newport News from Hampton Roads. 1. NORFOLK HARBOR, VA. Location and description.-Norfolk, Va., is 187 miles south of Bal- timore, Md., and 30 miles from the entrance to Chesapeake Bay at Cape Charles and Cape Henry. The harbor extends between the 40-foot contour in Hampton Roads and the Norfolk & Western Rail- way bridge over the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River, a distance of 15.56 miles. It consists of a portion of Hampton Roads, Eliza- beth River (a tidal estuary), and portions of the Western, Eastern, and Southern Branches of Elizabeth River, and Scotts Creek. With- in the limits of their improvement, the streams included in the Nor- folk Harbor project vary in width from about 300 feet (Scotts 532 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Creek) to about 2 miles (Elizabeth River). (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 400 and 451.) Original condition.-Commerce was hampered by bars opposite Sewall Point, at the mouth of the Western Branch, and in the mouth of the Eastern Branch, having minimum mean low-water depths of 21, 19, and 15 feet, respectively. The Western, Eastern, and South- ern Branches had minimum low-water depths, in the limits of the present project, of 12, 15, and 12 feet, respectively. The minimum width of the main channel between 18-foot contours was 450 feet; other channels were of varying widths. Previous projects.-The original project for Norfolk Harbor was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 14, 1876, and modi- fied by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884; project of June 30, 1885; river and harbor act of September 19, 1890; deficiency appro- priation act of July 7, 1898; and river and harbor acts of June 13, 1902, March 3, 1905, and March 2, 1907. There have been no pre- vious projects for the Eastern and Southern Branches, or Scotts Creek. The original project for the Western Branch was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896: The cost and expendi- ture on the original and modified projects prior to commencement of operations under the existing project was $2,633,743.54, of which $2,561,704.27 was for new work and $72,039.27 was for maintenance. For further details of previous projects, see page 1795 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a main channel 40 feet deep at mean low water, 750 feet wide from Hampton Roads to the mouth of the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River and 450 feet wide up this branch to the Belt Line Railroad bridge, a total distance of 11.88 miles, and dredged areas in front of the navy yard, on either side of the 40-foot channel immediately downstream from the Belt Line Railroad bridge, 35 feet deep for a width varying from 600 feet to 800 feet; thence 30 feet deep, 375 feet wide, and 1.05 miles long to the Virginian Railway bridge; and thence 25 feet deep, and generally 200 feet wide, and 2.63 miles long to the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge, makings a total distance of 15.56 miles; a channel in the Eastern Branch, 25 feet deep at mean low water, 500 feet wide, and 1.09 miles long, from the 40-foot channel at the mouth to the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge, including within its limits, for a distance of about 1,000 feet above the mouth, a channel 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide to a point opposite the terminal of the Imperial Tobacco Co. in Berkley; thence 25 feet deep, 200 feet wide, and 1.75 miles long to the Virginian Railway bridge; a channel in the Western Branch, between the 40-foot channel at the mouth and a point about 3,000 feet above the West Norfolk Highway Bridge, a distance of about 1.72 miles, 24 feet deep at mean low water, 300 feet wide, 0.78 mile, and 200 feet wide, 0.37 mile to the bridge; thence 18 feet deep, 150 feet wide, 0.57 mile; a channel in Scotts Creek between the 40- foot channel at the mouth and a point 100 feet above the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad bridge, a distance of about 0.60 mile, 12 feet deep at mean low water, and 100 feet wide; and an anchorage area on the west side of the 40-foot channel opposite Lambert Point and south of Craney Island of about 66 acres, 30 feet deep at mean low water, and another of 45 acres, 12 feet deep, near Pinner Point. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 533 The mean tidal range is 2.7 feet and the extreme, 3 feet. The extremes of irregular fluctuations, due to combined effect of tides and wind, referred to mean low water, are -2 feet and +7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1929, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, is $6,457,700. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $76,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 5, 1884, provided for the improvement of the Eastern Branch (Annual Report for 1885, p. 1015); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for a 30-foot channel to the navy yard, a 22-foot and a 25-foot channel in the Eastern Branch, and the removal of shoals at the mouth of the Eastern Branch (H. Does. Nos. 373 and 381, 59th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for a 35-foot channel to the navy yard, 22-foot and 25- foot channels in the Southern Branch, and a 30-foot anchorage area at Lambert Point (H. Doc. No. 551, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 4, 1913, provided for a 24-foot channel in the Western Branch from the mouth to the West Norfolk Highway Bridge (H. Doc. No. 566, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of August 8, 1917, pro- vided for a 40-foot channel to the navy yard, a 35-foot anchorage opposite Lambert Point, and a 12-foot anchorage near Pinner Point (H. Doc. No. 605, 63d Cong., 2d sess., and H. Doc. No. 140, 65th ong., 1st sess.); the act of March 3, 1925, provided for a 30-foot depth in the Southern Branch to the Virginian Railway bridge and a 25-foot depth to the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge, and a. 25-foot depth in the Eastern Branch from the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge to the Virginian Railway bridge (H. Doc. No. 226, 68th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for a 30- foot depth in the Eastern Branch, opposite the terminal of the Imperial Tobacco Co. (H. Doc. No. 37, 71st Cong., 1st sess.), an 18-foot channel in the Western Branch, above the West Norfolk highway bridge (H. Doc. No. 265, 70th Cong., 1st sess.), a 12-foot channel in Scotts Creek (H. Doc. No. 189, 70th Cong., 1st sess.),. and a 30-foot anchorage on the west side of the 40-foot channel, opposite Lambert Point and elimination of the 35-foot anchorage area (H. Doc. No. 143, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published maps see House Document No. 605, Sixty-third Congress, second session; House Document No. 226, Sixty-eighth Congress, first ses- sion; House Document No. 265,i Seventieth Congress, first session; House Document No. 189, Seventieth Congress, first session; and House Document No. 143, Seventieth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, in adopting the project for increased depths in the Southern and Eastern Branches, imposed the condition that local interests should furnish, without cost to the United States, suitable areas for the dis- posal of dredged material. This condition has been complied with. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, in adopting the project for a channel in the Eastern Branch, 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide, extending from the 40-foot channel to a point opposite the terminal of the Imperial Tobacco Co., imposed the condition that local inter- ests should give assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers that they will provide and maintain, without 534 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 cost to the United States, a branch channel of equal depth to the tobacco terminal. This condition has not yet been complied with. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, in adopting the project for Scotts Creek, imposed the condition that local interests should give assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers that they would dredge and maintain to an equal depth a channel 100 feet wide from the end of the Government channel to the Ballard Wharf, and would extend the 12-foot channel in an easterly direction so as to provide docking space at least 500 feet long, and that they would provide, without expense to the United States, suitable areas for the deposit of dredged material. These conditions have not yet been complied with. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities within the limits of this improvement include about 227 wharves, piers, etc., with an aggregate length available for wharfage purposes of about 32 miles. The municipality of Norfolk owns and makes use of about 2 per cent of the total extent available; about 16 per cent is used by various departments of the Government; about 42 per cent is owned or controlled by railroad and steamship companies for use as ter- minals for the handling of freight and passenger traffic and for storage; and the remaining 40 per cent is used by private interests for the shipment and receipt of various commodities, storage, ship building and repairing, and other manufacturing and commercial enterprises. The wharves and piers are of various types of construc- tion, many of them being provided with buildings or sheds, but a large proportion being uncovered. The piers at the Army supply base and parts of some of the wharves of the United States Navy De- partment are of concrete. All of the other wharves, with the exception of a few piers owned by corporations, which are partly of steel con- struction, are of pile and timber construction. Approximately one- third of the wharves are partly or entirely of fill, surrounded by a wooden bulkhead or apron, the remainder being of open construc- tion. They are.generally efficient for the particular purposes for which they are used. The frontage controlled by the city is open to general public use on equal terms upon payment of wharfage, and many other wharves are largely used by the general public, either free or on the payment of wharfage. There is railroad con- nection to the main terminals of railroads entering Norfolk, and to all of the wharves and terminals there are either railroad or high- way connections, except those on the upper part of the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River. The terminal facilities of the municipality of Norfolk were greatly reduced during the past year by the disposal by the city to the Norfolk & Western Railway Co. of the municipal pier, grain ele- vator, and other structures which were constructed between 1922 and 1925, at a cost of approximately $5,000,000. It is considered that the publicly owned facilities are adequate for the present commerce of the port. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement. The improvement has resulted in the use of deeper-draft vessels and a diminution in lighterage expenses, and navigation has been rendered easier, safer, and better. The com- bined rail and water routes centering at Norfolk have resulted in lower freight rates between southern and eastern points. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 535 Operations and results during fiscal year.-New work dredging under contract, involving the removal of 7,090,025 cubic yards of material, scow measurement, for the completion of the 40-foot chan- nel by increasing the bottom width, between Hampton Roads and the junction of the Southern and Eastern Branches of Elizabeth River, a distance of 9.85 miles, from its previous average bottom width of about 500 feet to the project bottom width of 750 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 3, and an allowable overdepth of 2 feet on bottom and side slopes, was commenced on August 20, 1929, and was con- tinued to November 5, 1929, when the work was temporarily sus- pended. Operations were resumed on December 26, 1929, and were continued to the end of the fiscal year, when the contract was about 53 per cent completed. The work accomplished was widening the channel over distances aggregating 27,712 linear feet between Hamp- ton Roads and a point about 4,300 feet southerly of the bend at Lam- bert Point, of which 18,393 linear feet were widened to the full proj- ect bottom width of 750 feet, 1,160 linear feet to a width of 600 feet, and 8,159 linear feet to a width of 675 feet. The material removed amounted to 3,762,624 cubic yards, scow measurement, of which 437,- 820 cubic yards were deposited on the established dumping ground south of Thimble Shoal Channel, and 3,324,804 cubic yards were de- posited on Craney Island. The cost of the work was $691,614.38. Maintenance dredging under contract for the restoration of project depths in completed channels and completed portions of channels in Elizabeth River and the Southern and Eastern Branches thereof, work on which was suspended on March 2, 1929, when 711,899 cubic yards of material, scow measurement, had been removed, was re- sumed on July 10, 1929, and continued to December 9, 1929, when the work was again suspended, and has not since been resumed. The work accomplished during the fiscal year was the removal and dis- posal of 173,056 cubic yards of material, scow measurement, of which 153,199 cubic yards were removed from the Eastern Branch and 19,857 cubic yards were removed from the Southern Branch. The cost of the work was $36,062.19. The work remaining to be done, to complete what was originally contemplated, is the removal and disposal of 136,067 cubic yards of material from the Southern Branch. Maintenance dredging with Government plant (U. S. hopper dredge Chinook) operated by hired labor, which had been in prog- ress in the 40-foot channel intermittently since 1927 for the purpose of restoring project depth in completed portions, was prosecuted to completion between October 18 and November 30, 1929. The work accomplished during the fiscal year was the removal and disposal of 309,831 cubic yards, bin measurement. The cost of the work was $39,033.34. Maintenance work under contract for furnishing and placing rip- rap stone for repair purposes on Craney Island bulkhead, which was in progress at the close of the last fiscal year, was continued to November 30, 1929, when the contract was completed. The work accomplished during the fiscal year was the furnishing and placing in position, to a height of 7 feet above mean low water, 13,784.05 short tons of riprap stone for repair purposes on 4,265 linear feet of bulkhead located on the westerly, easterly, and southerly sides of Craney Island. The cost of the work was $64,693.05. -536 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Miscellaneous surveys, for use in connection with maintenance of Norfolk Harbor channels, were made during the year at a cost of $6,089.05. The total cost for the fiscal year was $837,492.01, of which $691,- 114.38 was for new work and $145,877.63 was for maintenance. The -total expenditure was $685,037.17. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was about .80.5 per cent completed at the end of the fiscal year, with the fol- lowing results: The dredging on the 40-foot channel, between Hamp- ton Roads and the Belt Line Railroad bridge over the Southern :Branch of Elizabeth River, at the southern end of the United States Inavy yard, has resulted in consecutive sections having the project depth of 40 feet at mean low water over bottom widths as follows: From the 40-foot contour in Hampton Roads to Lambert Point, a distance of 6.79 miles, are 2.34 miles of channel having a bottom -675 width of 525 feet, 1.44 miles of channel having a bottom width of feet, and 3.01 miles of channel having the project bottom width of 750 feet; from Lambert Point to Hospital Point, a distance of :2.48 miles, are 1.68 miles of channel having a bottom width of 475 feet, 0.22 mile of channel having a bottom width of 600 feet, 0.11 mile of channel having a bottom width of 625 feet, and 0.47 mile ,of channel having the project bottom width of 750 feet; from Hos- pital Point to the junction of the Southern and Eastern Branches, :a distance of 0.58 mile, is a channel having a bottom width of 485 feet, and from the junction of the Southern and Eastern Branches to the Belt Line Railroad bridge, a distance of 2.03 miles, is a chan- nel having a bottom width of 450 feet. Opposite the United States navy yard, areas outside of the 40- foot channel aggregating about 14 acres were dredged to a depth of 35 feet at mean low water, making the total available width for this depth 600 to 800 feet for a distance of about 3,000 feet below the B13elt Line Railroad bridge. The above work was performed between 1918 and 1930, inclusive. The channel in the Southern Branch between the Belt Line Rail- Toad bridge and the Virginian Railway bridge was completed in 1928, and the channel between the Virginian Railway bridge and the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge was completed in 1929. The 25-foot channel in the Eastern Branch between the mouth and the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge was completed in 1910, and the 25-foot channel between the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge and the Virginian Railway bridge was completed in 1928. The channel in the Western Branch between the mouth and the West Norfolk Highway Bridge was completed in 1914, and the 35- :foot anchorage near Lambert Point was completed in 1920. An investigation made during 1929 in connection with providing a 12-foot anchorage 45 acres in extent near Pinner Point shows that the existing depths at this location are sufficient for an anchorage of the area required without additional dredging. The controlling depths at mean low water at the end of the fiscal year were as follows: From Hampton Roads to the Belt Line Rail- road bridge over the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River, 40 feet; in the Southern Branch between the Belt Line Railroad bridge and the Virginian Railway bridge and between the Virginian Railway RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 537 bridge and the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge, 30 feet and 25 feet, respectively; in the Eastern Branch between the mouth and the Virginian Railway bridge, 25 feet; and in the Western Branch be- tween the 40-foot channel and the West Norfolk Highway Bridge, 20 feet. This information is based upon surveys made between June 30, 1928, and June 30, 1930. The work remaining to be done to complete the existing project for Norfolk Harbor is as follows: Completing the 40-foot channel be- tween Hampton Roads and the junction of the Southern and Eastern Branches of Elizabeth River, involving widening the channel from a minimum bottom width of 475 feet to the project bottom width of 750 feet, a total distance of about 6.84 miles, involving the removal and disposal of about 3,327,500 cubic yards of material, scow meas- urement; dredging the channel in the Eastern Branch between the 40-foot channel at the mouth and a point opposite the terminal of the Imperial Tobacco Co., a distance of about 1,000 feet, involving the removal and disposal of 50,745 cubic yards of material, place measurement; dredging a channel in the Western Branch between the West Norfolk Highway Bridge and a point about 3,000 feet upstream, involving the removal and disposal of 77,426 cubic yards of material, place measurement; dredging the 30-foot anchorage basin on the west side of the 40-foot channel, involving the removal and disposal of about 325,000 cubic yards of material, place measurement; and dredg- ing the channel in Scotts Creek, involving the removal and disposal of about 80,000 cubic yards of material, place measurement. The total cost of the existing project at the end of the fiscal year was $6,217,174.26, of which $5,185,144.24 was for new work and $1,032,030.02 was for maintenance, not including $16,220 for new work from contributed funds. The total expenditure was $6,440,- 063.81 from United States funds and $16,220 from contributed funds. Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($863,- 980.42), will be applied as follows: New work: Payment of outstanding liabilities and contract obligations --- -------------------------------- $178,676. 44 Maintenance: Payment of outstanding liabilities and contract obligations --------------- 40, 410. 24 New work (under an existing contract) : Dredging in Norfolk Har- bor 40-foot channel between Hampton Roads and the junction of the Southern and Eastern Branches of Elizabeth River, a dis- tance of 9.85 miles, with a view to completing the excavation of a channel with a depth of 40 feet at mean low water, over a bottom width of 750 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 3 and an allowable overdepth of 2 feet on bottom and side slopes, 3,327,401 cubic yards at 16.94 cents (July, 1930, to June, 1931)__ 563, 661. 73 Maintenance (with U. S. hopper dredge Chinook): Redredging to the project depth of 40 feet at mean low water, a strip about 100 feet in width extending for a distance of about 1,400 feet along the easterly side of the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River, near the Norfolk Southern Railroad wharf, with a side slope of 1 on 3 on the shore side and an allowable overdepth of 2 feet on bottom and side slopes, 136,067 cubic yards at 17.2 cents (July, 1930)------------------- --------------- 23, 539. 59 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies..__ ______________ - 57, 692. 42 Total-------------------------------------------- 863, 980. 42 538 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($106,200), will be applied as follows: New work (by contract or with Government plant): Dredging in the Eastern Branch of Elizabeth River, between the 40-foot channel at the mouth and a point opposite the terminal of the Imperial Tobacco Co., 50,745 cubic yards, place measurement, at 20 cents_-------- ---------------------------------- $10, 149. 00 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies 051. 00 1---------------------1., Total --------------- ---------------- ---- 11, 200. 00 Maintenance (with Government plant or by contract) : Redredg- ing Norfolk Harbor Channels ------------------------------ 65, 000. 00 Maintenance (by contract) : Reinforcing the bulkhead on the north side of Craney Island with riprap stone, 4,000 short tons at $7.50_ 30, 000. 00 Total-------_------------- --------------------------- 106, 200. 00 The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of other new work on the project. Maintenance dredging is required annually for the removal of ma- terial carried into the channels through natural causes, and the bulk- head around Craney Island will require periodic maintenance until settlement ceases. Commercial statistics.--The total water-borne traffic of the port of Norfolk, Va., for the calendar year 1929, exclusive of cargoes in transit, railroad-car ferry and other ferry traffic, amounted to 16,- 552,892 short tons, with an estimated value of $816,298,165. The tonnage was about 11 per cent greater and the value about 4 per cent greater than in 1928. This increase resulted chiefly from increases in export, internal and coastwise shipments of coal. The several traffics of 1929, compared with those of 1928, were approximately as follows: Imports, 36 per cent greater in tonnage and 11 per cent greater in value; exports, 14 per cent less in tonnage, and 5 per cent less in value; inbound, coastwise, 4 per cent less in tonnage and 2 per cent greater in value; outbound, coastwise, 17 per cent greater in tonnage and 2 per cent greater in value; internal, 9 per cent greater in tonnage and 15 per cent greater in value. The chief im- ports were fertilizer materials, fuel oil, sugar, gypsum, wood pulp, newsprint paper, and hides. The chief exports were bituminous coal, leaf tobacco, lumber, starch, grain, cotton and steel scrap. The principal commodities received coastwise were gasoline and other petroleum products, phosphate rock, sugar, paper, and dry goods, The chief coastwise shipments were bituminous coal, dry goods, cotton yarn, peanuts, piling, tobacco, vegetable oil, and cement. Chief internal receipts were marl, sand and gravel, gasoline, and other petroleum products, logs and piling, sugar, fish, oysters and clams. Internal shipments consisted chiefly of bituminous coal, gasoline and other petroleum products, logs, piling and other forest products, cotton piece goods, pig iron, cement, fruits and vegetables, and automobiles. The aggregate tonnage of coal reported dumped at the Norfolk coal piers in 1929 was 13,505,816 short tons. This was about 15 per cent greater than in 1928. Bunker coal furnished amounted to 1,595,437 short tons, about 1 per cent greater than in RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 539 1928. The number of cargoes of coal shipped from the coal piers and the approximate full load drafts of vessels used were: Exports, 271 cargoes in steamships with drafts of from less than 18 feet to over 30 feet, 3 cargoes in motor vessels with drafts from less than 18 feet to 28 feet, and 8 cargoes in sailing vessels with drafts from less than 18 feet to 24 feet; coastwise, 1,257 cargoes in steamships with drafts from less than 18 feet to 30 feet, 4 cargoes in sail vessels with drafts of from less than 18 feet to 24 feet, and 612 cargoes in barges with drafts from less than 18 feet to 28 feet. As cargoes other than coal generally consisted of a variety of commodities, it is not practi- cable to state the drafts of vessels carrying different kinds of freight. Comparative statement In transit Railroad-car ferry Year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value Tons Value ----- I' ...... 1925 ____ 15, 461, 268 $775, 535, 754 4, 926, 786 $481, 262, 865 5, 388, 009 $588, 963, 146 17, 676, 847 1926- .. 21, 858, 703 791, 916, 988 5, 888, 893 540, 329, 694 5, 335, 885 410, 085, 025 28, 021, 578 1927-------- 16, 854, 867 781, 418, 762 5, 527, 274 488, 249, 805 4, 312, 794 327, 772, 344 38, 590, 231 1928-...... 14, 915, 760 786, 754, 713 5,950,273 556, 494, 948 3, 957, 748 300, 788, 848 47,171,904 1929 ...... 16, 552, 892 816, 298, 165 5, 600, 343 533, 332, 885 1,291, 058 239, 340, 612 57, 385, 391 1 Passengers on ferries, 7,342,914; on steamships and steamboats, 333,933. 2 Passengers 34Passengers Passengers on on on ferries, ferries, ferries, 7,671,222; 8,286,405; 6,915,368; on on on steamships steamships steamships and steamboats, and steamboats, and steamboats, 350,356. 303,826. 256,536. m Passengers on ferries, 7,099,703; on steamships and steamboats, 285,688. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------ $7, 746, 848. 51 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------- 1, 104, 069. 29 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 8, 850, 917. 80 Value of plant, material, etc., on hand June 30, 1930----------- 365, 464. 72 Net total cost to June 30, 1930----------------------9, 216, 382. 52 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------------- 43, 178. 18 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930----- ----- --------- 9, 259, 560. 70 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------185, 753.35 Net total expendcitures__ ---------------------------- 9, 073, 807. 35 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-- ----------- ------------- 863, 980. 42 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------9, 937, 787. 77 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--------------------_________--....... $171, 675. 26 $210, 041. 07 $691,614. 38 Cost of maintenance---------- ---- --.- _ $53, 953. 85 $80, 992. 87 169, 986. 72 391, 576. 01 145, 877. 63 Total cost.......______ __ ______ .__ _ 53, 953. 85 80, 992. 87 341, 661.98 601,617. 08 837, 492. 01 Total expended---......_ - -- ___.-___._ 53, 953. 85 80, 992. 87 744, 351. 48 567, 872. 76 685, 037.17 Alotted --------------- --------------- --- I 290,000.0 450, 000.00 1797, 94305 1,250,000.00 90, 000. 00 540 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----------------------------- $1, 459, 017. 59 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved May 28, 1930--------------------------------------- 90, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for1--------------------------, 549, 017. 59 Gross amount expended---------------------- $685, 146. 17 Less receipts from sales-------------------------- 109. 00 685, 037. 17 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 863, 980. 42 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-------------- 109, 776. 02 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts--------- 699, 344. 15 809, 120. 17 Balance available June 30, 1930------ ------------------ 54, 860. 25 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930---------------------------- 43, 178.18 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930------------- 98, 038. 43 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion _ of existing project ' _--------------------------------- 457, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work -------------------------------------- 11, 200. 00 1- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - For maintenance 95, 000. 00 Total 1-------------------------------------------- 106, 200. 00 2. THIMBLE SHOAL CHANNEL, VA. Location and description.-Thimble Shoal lies in the channel be- tween Hampton Roads and the ocean and is 20 miles northeast of the center of Norfolk Harbor, extending southeasterly 9 miles from a point 11/4 miles east of Thimble Shoal Lighthouse toward the en- trance to Chesapeake Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1222.) Original condition.-The minimum usable depth was 30 feet at mean low water for a minimum width of 4,350 feet. The depth was insufficient for most naval vessels using the channel. Previous projects.-The original project for Thimble Shoal Chan- nel was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, which provided for a channel 35 feet deep at mean low water, 500 feet wide, and about 5 miles long (H. Doc. No. 551, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The project was completed in 1914. The cost and expenditures on the original project prior to the commencement of operations under the existing project were $333,608.88, all of which was for new work. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 9 miles long, 750 feet wide, and 40 feet deep at mean low water. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is 2.5 feet and the extremes 2 and 3 feet. The extremes of irregular fluctuation, due to combined wind and tides, referred to mean low water, are -2 feet and + 7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1928 is $2,325,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $50,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917 (H. Doc. No. 140, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK VA., DISTRICT 541 published map is in House Document No. 551, Sixty-first Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The commerce of Norfolk Harbor and New- port News, Va., is directly benefited by this improvement. For de- scriptions of the terminal facilities for these points see this head. under "Norfolk Harbor " and " Channel to Newport News, Va." Effect of improvement.-Transportation by water has been ren- dered easier, better, and safer, especially for deep-draft vessels in rough weather. No data are available as to the effect of the improvement on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.--A survey of Thimble Shoal Channel, made during the interval August-December, 1929, indicated that considerable shoaling had taken place and that main- tenance dredging would be required for the restoration of project dimensions. Maintenance dredging with the U. S. hopper dredge Chinook, operated by hired labor, was prosecuted between March 24 and May 10, 1930, when work was suspended, resulting in the removal of 491,094 cubic yards of material, bin measurement. The excavated material was deposited on the established dumping ground south of the channel. The total cost for the fiscal year was $52,805.59, all of which was- for maintenance. The total expenditure was $79,399.42. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1929 at a saving of $41,227 under the estimated cost. The total cost of the existing project at the end of the fiscal year was $2,431,074.90, of which $2,283,772.56 was for new work and $147,302.34 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $2,430,302.41. Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($3,088.71), will be applied as follows: Maintenance: Payment of outstanding liabilities pertaining to last fiscal year_---------------------------- ------- -- $722. 49 Maintenance: Engineering, supervision, and contingencies in connee- tion with a survey of Thimble Shoal Channel (July to September, 1930) -------------------------------------------------- 2, 316. 22 Total --------- ---------------------------------- 3, 088. 71 The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($45,000), will be applied as follows: Maintenance: Redredging Thimble Shoal Channel to project dimen- sions, 400,000 cubic yards at 10 cents (July and August, 1931) ... $40, 000 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies----------------------- 5,00 ------- ---- Total_--_ ______ ______________ 45, 000 Maintenance dredging will be required annually in Thimble Shoal Channel for several years for the removal of material carried into. the channel by tidal currents. Commercial statistics.--The commerce passing through the chan- nel during the calendar year 1929 consisted almost entirely of cargoes carried in vessels with drafts of 25 feet and upward, embracing 542 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 nearly all of the foreign traffic and considerable proportions of the coastwise traffic pertaining to Norfolk and Newport News; also cargoes in transit in vessels calling at Hampton Roads for bunker fuel and for other purposes. The chief commodities carried in the above traffic were bituminous coal, fertilizer material, lumber, and other forest products, petroleum and its products, leaf and manufac- tured tobacco, wheat, cotton, and a great variety of foodstuffs and other articles. It is not practicable to state the proportions of the traffics of the above ports carried through the channel. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------------- $2, 617, 381. 44 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 147, 302. 34 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------- .2, 764, 683. 78 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ------------------------- 772. 49 Net total expenditures----------------------------- 2, 763, 911. 29 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 -_ 3, 088. 71 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 2, 767, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work. ------------------- $139, 909. 17 ----------- $115, 805. 76 $107, 281. 32 --. __-_----- Cost of maintenance..--..----.--------- ----- 1, 933. 55 $9, 565. 52 58, 914. 00 ...........------------ $52, 805. 59 Total cost_.. . 141, 842. 72 .---------------------- 9, 565. 52 174, 719. 76 107, 281. 32 52,805. 59 Total expended-- _-------------------- 141, 842. 72 9, 565. 52 181, 708. 09 79, 985. 08 79, 399. 42 Allotted--__----------------------- ... ---------- 280, 000. 00 ....-------------....--------- 50, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--- ------------------------- $32, 488. 13 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930 50, 000. 00 ----------- Amount to be accounted for----------------------------82, 488. 13 Gross amount expended------------------------------------ 79, 399. 42 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 3,088. 71 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------------------------- 772. 49 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------------- 2, 316. 22 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1--------------45, 000. 00 3. CHANNEL TO NEWPORT NEWS, VA. Location and description.-The channel to Newport News, which is 10 miles west of Norfolk Harbor, connects deep water in James River with Hampton Roads. The improvement made under the project of 1902 followed the deep-water channel south of the Middle Ground Light. The channel at present under improvement is a straight cut north of this light. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey Chart No. 400.) Original condition.-The channel to Newport News was 25 feet deep at mean low water for a minimum width of 2,500 feet, and was not sufficiently deep for commercial or naval vessels. 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--'NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 543 Previous projects.-The original project was adopted June 13, 1902. The cost and expenditures thereunder prior to the commence- ment of operations under the existing project were $237,500, of which $225,000 was for new work and $12,500 for maintenance. For further details of previous project see page 1795 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 40 feet deep at mean low water, 600 feet wide, increased to 1,000 feet at the ends, and 31/4 miles long through the shoal north of Middle Ground Light. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is 2.7 feet and the extremes 2.1 and 3 feet. The extremes of irregular fluctua- tions, due to combined wind and tides, referred to mean low water, are -2 feet and +7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1927, is $1,521,515, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. The latest (1927) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for a channel 400 feet in width and 35 feet deep at mean low water (H. Doc. No. 550, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the increase in width to 600 feet (H. Doc. No. 605, 63d Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of January 21, 1927, provided for the present channel dimensions (H. Doc. No. 486, 67th Cong., 4th sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 605, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is one publicly owned pier at Newport News, which is the property of the city and which is open to general public use on equal terms. All of the other piers and wharves served by this improvement are owned by private corporations or compa- nies. The principal terminal and transfer facilities are those of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Co., comprising 1 coal pier, 7 freight piers, and 1 passenger pier. These piers have depths of 18 to 36 feet at mean low water. The docks pertaining to the Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co. include seven large piers, some of which have launching ways for small vessels and others for larger vessels up to the largest battleships, three dry docks, and a number of piers with wide slips between them for handling freight. There are also at Newport News a wharf used by steamers of the Old Do- minion Steamship Co. and a small boat harbor, both of which are open to general public use on equal terms, and a pier owned by a corporation engaged in making marine repairs, which is reserved for the use of the owners. Physical connection by rail exists be- tween the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway and that company's docks and the shipyard docks, but no others. All of the docks are con- nected with the street system of Newport News. The terminal facilities are adequate for present necessities. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Larger and deeper draft vessels have been able to use the channel, and transportation by water has been rendered easier, safer, and better. No data are available as to the effect of the improvement on freight rates. 11714--ENG 1930---35 544 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1930 Operations and results during fiscat year.-Dredging under con- tract for the removal of 1,993,111 cubic yards of material, scow meas- urement, from Newport News Channel, Va., for the purpose of in- creasing its depth from 35 to 40 feet at mean low water over its. present bottom width of 600 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 3, from the 40-foot contour in Hampton Roads to the 40-foot contour in James River, a distance of about 17,000 feet, and increasing the bot- tom width at the ends from 600 to 1,000 feet, which was in prog- ress at the end of the last fiscal year, was continued until April 30, 1930, when the right to proceed under the contract was terminated. by the district engineer, on which date the contract was 56.5 per cent completed. The work accomplished under the contract during the fiscal year was the removal and disposal of 833,036 cubic yards, of material. Dredging operations were resumed on May 21, 1930, with the U. S.. hopper dredge Chinook, operated by hired labor, and were continued intermittently to the end of the fiscal year, resulting in the removal and disposal of 398,840 cubic yards of material, and increasing the percentage of completion of the work contemplated fnder the termi- nated contract to 76.5 per cent. All of the dredged material was deposited on the established: dumping ground south of Thimble Shoal Channel. The total cost for the fiscal year was $222,732.26, all of which was for new work. The total expenditure was $200,632.29. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is estimated to be about 95 per cent completed, representing the removal and dis- posal of 6,287,220 cubic yards of material, scow measurement. The controlling depth in May, 1930, was about 34 feet at mean low water.. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the removal and disposal of 477,526 cubic yards of material, scow measurement. The total cost of the existing project at the end of the fiscal year was $1,195,188.73, of which $1,098,775.71 was for new work and $96,- 413.02 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $1,147,790,65. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($179,209.357, will be applied as follows: New work: Payment of outstanding obligations and contract obliga- tions pertaining to last fiscal year____--_--__________-_____ $37, 335, 43 New work (with U. S. hopper dredge Chinook): Dredging with a view to completing all work connected with increasing the depth of the channel to Newport News from 35 to 40 feet at mean low water over its present bottom width of 600 feet, side slopes of 1 on 3, and 1 foot allowable overdepth on bottom and side slopes, and increasing the bottom width at ends from 600 to 1,000 feet, 477,526 cubic yards at 16.34 cents (July to September, 1930) ___ 78, 027. 75 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies----__ ------- ____ 63, 846.17 Total --------------------------------------------- 179, 209. 35 It is not thought that any additional funds can be profitably ex- pended on the channel to Newport News during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as it is expected that the work herein contemplated will provide for the needs of navigation for at least two years. Commercial statistics.-The total water-borne traffic of the port of Newport News, Va., for the calendar year 1929, exclusive of car- goes in transit, railroad-car ferry, and other ferry traffic, amounted to 8,563,589 short tons, valued at $129,602,848. About 93 per cent RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK VA., DISTRICT 545 of the tonnage consisted of export and outbound coastwise bituminous coal. The traffic of 1929 was about 31/ per cent greater in tonnage and 0.4 per cent less in value than in 1928. The tonnages carried in the different trades in 1929 and their values compared with those of 1928 were approximately as follows: Imports, 41 per cent greater in tonnage and 13 per cent less in value; exports, 81/, per cent greater in tonnage and 16 per cent less in value; inbound, coastwise, 1 per cent less in tonnage and 28 per cent greater in value; outbound, coast- wise, 4 per cent greater in tonnage and 6 per cent greater in value; internal, 46 per cent less in tonnage and 15 per cent greater in value. The chief imports were pulpwood, manganese and chrome ore, wood pulp, paper, copra, and quebracho extract. The chief exports were bituminous coal, leaf tobacco, lumber, starch and grain, and grain products. The chief commodities received coastwise were sugar, candy, and linoleum. Bituminous coal comprised 99.8 per cent of the total coastwise shipments. The aggregate tonnage of coal re- ported dumped at the Newport News coal piers in 1929 was 8,870,177 short tons, 8 per cent greater than in 1928. Bunker coal furnished amounted to 612,109 short tons. The number of cargoes shipped and approximate full-load drafts of vessels used as coal carriers were as follows: Export, 147 cargoes in steamships with drafts of from 18 feet to over 30 feet; and 16 cargoes in sail vessels with drafts of less than 18 feet to 24 feet; outbound, coastwise, 934 cargoes in steamships having drafts from less than 18 feet to 30 feet, 36 cargoes in sail vessels with drafts less than 18 feet to 24 feet, and 433 cargoes in barges with drafts from less than 18 feet to 28 feet. Comparative statement In transit Railroad-car ferry Calendar year Tons Value Passen- Tons Value Tons Value 1925......-------------..7, 765, 942 $117, 423, 301 2, 886, 367 $443, 726, 508 1, 392, 371 $70, 972, 309 1 977, 173 1926 ......- -...... 10, 086, 578 135, 142, 458 3, 635, 214 459, 860, 361 1, 956, 912 68, 687, 598 21, 263, 491 1927 ..........-------------.. 7, 928, 713 112, 338, 089 3, 662, 457 390, 109, 072 1, 267, 941 66, 264, 317 31, 832, 424 1928---........-.. 8, 266, 610 130, 091, 721 3, 697, 640 352,463, 092 1, 018, 276 52, 950, 352 4891, 534 1929---....-..... 8, 563, 589 129, 602, 848 4, 314, 919 443, 391, 465 982, 303 48, 271, 756 5 969, 883 1 Passengers carried by steam ferries, 825,229; by steamboats and motor boats, 151,874. 9 Passengers carried by steam ferries, 1,197,879; by steamboats and motor boats, 65,612. a Passengers carried: Foreign (American Legion excursion), 1,418; domestic, steam ferries, 1,030,091; ateamboats and motor boats, 33,411. 4 Passengers carried; Steam ferries, 824,802; regular lines, 66,732. 'All passengers carried by ferries. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------- $1, 323, 775. 71 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_-------------------------- 108, 913.02 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ---------- 1, 432, 688. 73 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------- 47, 398 08 Net total expenditures-------------------------------- 1, 385, 290. 65 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ -- 179, 209.35 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 564, 500. 00 1-------------, 546 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---------- ---------------- ---------------------- $68, 527. 91 $222, 732. 26 Cost of maintenance--------------.... ----- $1, 146. 24 $1, 074. 01 $2, 110. 79 ...---------------------- Total expended ------------------------ 1, 146. 24 1,074. 01 2, 110. 79 43, 229.80 200, 632. 29 Allotted. ---------------------- -- ----------------------- 357,000.00 60,000.00 ---------- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------- $379, 841.64 Gross amount expended---------------------------------- 200, 632.29 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------179, 209. 35 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------- $33, 675.83 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts------------ 13, 722. 25 47, 398.08 Balance available June 30, 1930---- ___--__---------- 131, 811.27 sRIVER, VA. Location and description.-This river, a tidal stream, is formed by the junction of the Cowpasture and Jackson Rivers, in Botetourt County, Va., flows easterly 320 miles, and empties into Hampton Roads at Newport News, Va. The portion under improvement ex- tends from its mouth to Richmond, a distance by river via the new Rocklanding Shoal Channel and Dutch Gap of 101.2 miles, which is the length of the tidal reach. The drainage area is 10,060 square miles, of which 6,780 square miles are above Richmond. The low- water discharge at Richmond is estimated at 1,000 second-feet, and the maximum, for a gage height of about 29 feet above low water, at 130,000 second-feet. Navigation is interfered with by floods higher than 12 feet above mean low water. In the 14 miles between Richmond and Dutch Gap the slope at low water is 0.014 foot per mile; below Dutch Gap there is apparently no slope at low water. During two very high freshets the observed slope between Richmond and Dutch Gap was about 0.81 foot, and in the next 6.8 miles below 0.61 and 0.65 foot. The width between banks varies from about 5.68 miles at Rocklanding Shoal, about 88 miles below Richmond, to about 500 feet at Richmond. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 529, 530, and 531.) Original condition.-The channel was obstructed by various nat- ural and artificial obstacles, particularly in the reach extending about 20 miles below Richmond, where it was narrow and tortuous. The excavation of Dutch Gap Canal had not been completed, by which work subsequently the channel was shortened 5 miles. The minimum usable low-water depth was 7 feet. The head of naviga- tion for steamers was at Richmond. Rafting and logging were and still are possible for three-fourths mile above the head of naviga- tion for steamers. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 11, 1870. The cost and expenditures by the United States on the original project prior to the commencement of operations under the existing project were $763,000, including $23,000 appropriated in 1836 and 1852. There is no record showing how much of the amount was expended for new work and main- tenance. For further details of previous project see page 1797 of Annual Report for 1915. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA. DISTRICT 547 Existing project.-This provides for a channel 25 feet deep and 300 feet wide from the mouth to Hopewell, 69.2 miles; thence 25 feet deep and 200 feet wide, following the cut-off route between Hopewell and the Richmond deep-water terminal, 17.8 miles; and a channel 18 feet deep and 200 feet wide from the deep-water terminal to the Richmond Lock gates, 3.8 miles. Depths of channels are referred to mean low water. The total length of channel included in the project is 90.8 miles. The mean tidal ranges under ordinary conditions for different parts of the river are as follows: Mouth, 2.5 feet; Jamestown, 1.85 feet; City Point, 2.8 feet; Dutch Gap, 3.5 feet; Richmond, 3.9 feet. Following are the extreme ranges under ordinary conditions at the same localities: Mouth, 2.1 feet to 3 feet; Jamestown, 1.6 feet to 2.3 feet; City Point, 2.3 feet to 3.2 feet; Dutch Gap, 2.9 feet to 3.9 feet; Richmond, 3.2 to 4.2 feet. The ordinary fluctuations of stage at Richmond due to floods are 6 feet to 12 feet above mean low water. The extreme fluctuations are 16 feet to 28.6 feet. The flood heights below Richmond diminish rapidly, the extremes, according to. avail- able information, being about 11 feet lower at Dutch Gap, 14 miles below, and 17 to 18 feet lower 20 miles below. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1930, exclusive of the amount expended under previous projects, is $7,630,000. The latest (1930) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $100,000.. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 5, 1884, provided for the excavation of a channel 22 feet deep at mean low water from the mouth to Rich- mond and the construction of spur and training dikes (S. Doec. No. 147, 47th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for extending the improvement to the head of navigation at the Rich- mond lock gates (H. Doc. No. 234, 56th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 3, 1905, provided for forming a turning basin by widening the channel at Richmond (H. Doec. No. 234, 56th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 314, 71st Cong., 2d sess.), provided for the present dimensions of the project. For the latest published map of the river see the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The only work done on James River for the benefit of the public with funds supplied by sources other than Con- gress was by the city of Richmond. On account of the records of the extent and location of the above work being incomplete it is not practicable to separate the expenditure for dredging approaches to wharves from that for channel excavation. The aggregate expendi- ture by the city reported for the above purposes amounts to about $889,000. This amount was expended voluntarily. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, in adopting the modified project imposed the condition that local interests shall furnish all necessary rights of way and spoil-disposal areas and give assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers that they will provide adequate terminal facilities and will hold and save the United States free of any and all claims for damages resulting from the cut-offs across Turkey Island, Jones Neck, Dutch Gap, and Aiken Swamp, and will provide such connections as might be neces- 548 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 sary for transportation between the sections of land divided by these cut-offs, and that they will provide, when necessary, turning basins in the vicinity of the Richmond terminal and in the vicinity of Hope- well. These conditions have not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-The river's commerce pertaining to Rich- mond is handled in the basin of the former James River & Kanawha Canal known as Richmond Dock, and at 10 wharves at and in the immediate vicinity of the city. Below Richmond the improvement is served by 42 wharves. Richmond Dock belongs to the city and is open to public use on very moderate terms. The dock is 3,450 feet long, 75 to 150 feet wide, and about 15 feet deep. It is entered from the river through a masonry lock. The lock has a lift of 15 feet. Its chamber is 351/2 feet wide and has a length available for vessels of 168 feet. Of the 10 Richmond wharves, 8 are private and 2, belong- ing to the city, are free to public use. With one exception, viz, the Southern Railway wharf, which is of stone, all of the James River wharves are pile and timber structures. Richmond Dock and the Richmond wharves are adjacent to spur tracks or siding connecting with the main lines of railroads. The two city wharves have a total frontage of 735 feet, and have no physical connection with the rail- ways. The total frontage of the 8 private wharves at and just be- low Richmond amounts to 2,180 linear feet, and these generally are equipped with either telpherage or steam machinery for handling of freight. Of the 42 wharves farther downstream. 23 are private and 19 open to public use. None has appliances for facilitating the handling of freight. With the exception of three public wharves with railroad connections, all are remote from railroads. The loca- tions and descriptions of the wharves having railroad connections are as follows: At City Point, 321 miles below Richmond, connect- ing with a branch of the Norfolk & Western Railway and having a frontage of about 700 feet, with available depths of 15 to 20 feet; at Claremont, 58 miles below Richmond, connecting with a branch of the Southern Railway, with a frontage of 270 feet and available depths of 7 to 19 feet; at Scotland, about 68 miles below Richmond, connecting with the Surry, Sussex & Southampton Railway, having a frontage of 70 feet and an available depth of 11 feet. The re- mainder of the wharves have frontages of 40 to 130 feet, with depths of 7 to 18 feet. The basin at Richmond and the wharves at the city and between it and the river's mouth are adequate for the river's commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work has been beneficial in permit- ting the use of larger and deeper-draft vessels and in reducing the cost of water transportation of lumber, fertilizer material, coal, and other articles carried in sailing vessels and barges. In many cases the freight rates on commodities transported by steamer are the same as rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-New work dredging under contract for the removal and disposal of 3,574,121 cubic yards of material, scow measurement, for the accomplishment of a channel 22 feet deep at mean low water over a bottom width of 400 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 4, and an allowable overdepth of 1.5 feet on bottom and side slopes, extending for a distance of about 26,000 RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 549 feet across Rocklanding Shoal, easterly of the old Rocklanding Shoal and Point of Shoal Channels, which was in progress at the end of the last fiscal year, was continued to June 13, 1930, when the contract was completed. The work accomplished during the fiscal year was the removal and disposal of 2,092,078 cubic yards of ma- terial, scow measurement. The dredged material was deposited in deep water in James River, above and below the site of the work, ,dependent upon the flow of the tide at the time of dumping material. Miscellaneous surveys were made during the year in connection with proposed maintenance dredging between the mouth and City _Point. The total cost for the fiscal year was $309,003.25, of which $305,- 757.48 was for new work and $3,245.77 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $347,342.44. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project for James River was about 33 per cent completed at the end of the fiscal year. The work accomplished consisted in dredging on 6 shoals between the mouth and City Point, and on 3 of the 6 shoals between 21 and 7 miles below Richmond; dredging about 61/4 miles of the river immediately below Richmond, in the upper 3 miles of which ex- tensive rock excavation was done; and constructing regulation works for maintaining the channel in the 6 shoals located between 21 and 71/2 miles below Richmond and in about 61/2 miles of channel im- mediately below Richmond. The result of the work was a channel from the mouth, in Hampton Roads, to the Richmond lock gates, a distance of 101.2 miles, having a minimum depth of about 21 feet at mean low water (Harrisons Bar) between the mouth and City Point, a distance of 69.2 miles, and about 18 feet at mean low water between City Point and Richmond, a distance of 32 miles. The regulation works, comprising dikes and jetties constructed of sheet piling, revetted with riprap, are generally in fair condition, although nearly all of them require further revetting. The head of navigation is at the Richmond lock gates, and this feature has not been affected by the improvement of the stream. Boat navigation is practicable throughout the year between Hamp- -ton Roads and Richmond. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is increas- ing the depth of the channel in the natural waterway between the mouth and Hopewell to 25 feet over a bottom width of 300 feet; increasing the depth of the channel in portions of the natural water- way between Hopewell and a point 3.8 miles below the Richmond lock gates to 25 feet over a bottom width of 200 feet, and within these limits excavating, to a depth of 25 feet over a bottom width of :200 feet, three cut-offs aggregating about 4 miles in length; and in- creasing the depth of the channel in the natural waterway for a distance of 3.8 miles below the Richmond lock gates to 18 feet over a bottom width of 200 feet; involving the removal and disposal of about 16,630,000 cubic yards of material, place measurement. The total cost of the existing project at the end of the fiscal year was $3,444,461.21, of which $3,075, 625.43 was for new work and $368,835.78 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $3,440,492.99. 550 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($295,907.01), will be applied as follows: New work: Payment of outstanding liabilities pertaining to last fiscal year-_ ------- y------- -- $3, 968.22 Maintenance (by contract) : Redredging to a depth of 22 feet at mean low water over a bottom width of 300 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 3 and an allowable overdepth of 1.5 feet on bottom and side slopes, across the following shoals in James River, located between Mulberry Point and City Point, a distance of about 50 miles: Goose Hill Flats, Swann Point Shoal, Dancing Point Shoal, Harrisons Bar, and City Point Shoal, 1,680,429 cubic yards, place measurement, at 8.72 cents (August, 1930-June, 1931)--------- 146, 533. 41 Maintenance (by contract or with Government plant): Redredging Rocklanding Shoal Channel to a depth of 22 feet at mean low water over a bottom width of 300 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 3 and an allowable overdepth of 1.5 feet on bottom and side slopes, 700,000 cubic yards, place measurement, at 15 cents (August, 1930-January, 1931) ------------------------------------ 105,000.00 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies---------------------40, 405. 38 Total-------------------------------------------- 295, 907. 01 The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 ($126,000), will be applied as follows: New work (by contract or with Government plant) : Dredging for increasing the depth of the channel in James River between the mouth and City Point to 25 feet at mean low water over a bottom width of 300 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 3 and an allowable overdepth of 15 feet on bottom and side slopes_---------- ---- $126, 000.00 Commercial statistics.-The total freight carried on the river dur- ing 1929 amounted to 1,105,615 short tons, valued at $81,132.626. The above tonnage was about 1.7 per cent less than in 1928 and the value about 15 per cent greater. About 62 per cent of the tonnage and 78 per cent of the value pertained to Richmond, Va., and the remainder to points on James River below Richmond. The tonnage for Richmond was about 38 per cent greater and its value about 18 per cent greater than in 1928. The above increase was due chiefly to a large increase in receipts internally of gasoline, also increases in receipts of sand and gravel, and both receipts and shipments of package freight in general. For points below Richmond the tonnage was about 33 per cent less and the value about 3 per cent greater than in 1928. This decrease was caused by a falling off in shipments of sand and gravel, the amount shipped during 1928 being abnormal due to the large quantity used in constructing the bridge across James River, about 5 miles above the mouth. The chief commodi- ties received at Richmond were petroleum products, sand and gravel, vegetable food products, brick, fertilizer materials, and logs. Ship- ments consisted chiefly of prepared fertilizer, leaf and manufactured tobacco, and manufactures of paper. Package freight was carried principally by three steamships with drafts of about 171/2 feet ply- ing between Richmond and New York and calling at City Point, 32 miles below Richmond, and Newport News, at the mouth of the river, making collectively three trips per week; also by three steamboats with drafts of 10 feet plying daily except Sundays be- tween Richmond, James River landings, and Norfolk. Bulk freight comprised of forest products and fertilizer material was carried in barges and petroleum products in tankers and oil barges with drafts of 9 to 15/2 feet. The chief commodities pertaining to river points RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 551 below Richmond consisted of sand and gravel, forest products, fer- tilizer, brick, and oysters and general package freight carried by steamboats in the Richmond trade. There were two cargoes of fertilizer material exported from City Point in steamships with drafts of about 18 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925 1---------... 814, 607 $85,679,691 1, 693 1928 -------........ 1,125, 210 $70, 501,397 1, 256 19262 ...--------- 941,572 74, 264,135 1,251 1929 -------- .. 1,105, 615 81,132, 626 515 1927 3--- 983, 017 82, 364, 757 678 1 Includes 1,200 tons forest products rafted, valued at $7,670. 2 Includes 6,073 tons piling rafted, valued at $27,328. a Includes 34,518 tons piling rafted, valued at $155,331. 4 Includes 2,269 tons piling rafted, valued at $11,345. 6 Includes 3,505 tons piling rafted, valued at $26,639. Cost and financial suummaury Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__-______________ 1 $3, 838, 625. 43 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__________________________ 368, 835. 78 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------- 4, 207, 461. 21 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930----------------- 3, 968.22 Net total expenditures---------- - -- - - -_ 4, 203, 492.99 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 295, 907.01 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------- 4, 499, 400. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------------------------- ------------ $41, 492. 05 $286, 520. 53 $305, 757. 48 Cost of maintenance_--.....----------__. $103, 256. 22 $26, 416. 88 $41, 492. 06 ...........------------ 3, 245. 77 Total cost-----_--- ------------ 103, 256. 22 26,416. 88 82, 984.11 286, 520. 53 309, 003. 25 ......--------. Total expended_----- __ 103, 256. 22 26, 416. 88 73, 098. 59 311, 904. 72 347, 342. 44 Allotted. .----------------------------- 50, 000. 00 45, 000. 00 130,000.00 600,000.00 146, 400. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------ ____--------------- $496, 849. 45 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved May 28, 1930-------------- ------ -------------- 196, 400. 00 Amount to be accounted for_---------------- 249. 45 6-----693, Deductions on account of revocation of allotment .--- ----- - 50, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for__-....___------ 643, 249. 45 Gross amount expended -------------------------------- 347, 342. 44 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------- 295, 907. 01 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 3, 968.22 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------------- 291, 938. 79 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 2___________________ 4, 555, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - --- -- -- --- -- - --- - - - 30, 1932, for new work ____ -126, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of $1,000 erroneously carried in previous report. 2Exclusive of available funds. 552 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 5. WILLOUGHBY CHANNEL, VA. Location and description.-Willoughby Channel is located in Hampton Roads and extends from the south border of the main Hampton Roads Channel, a point approximately one-fourth mile west of Fort Wool, to the entrance to Willoughby Bay just south of the extreme end of Willoughby Spit, a distance of approximately 9,000 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 4000 and 1222.) Original condition.-The critical section of Willoughby Channel is located at the immediate entrance from the main channel in Hamp- ton Roads. A bar connecting Sewall Point Spit and Willoughby Banks extends across the entrance to Willoughby Channel. The bar- is about 1,000 feet wide at this point and has a controlling depth of about 8 feet at mean low water. The portion of the channel shore- ward from the bar has a controlling depth of about 11 feet at mean low water for a width of several hundred feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water, over a bottom width of 300 feet, from deep. water in Hampton Roads to a point opposite the extreme tip of Wil- loughby Spit. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is 2.7 feet and the extremes 2 and 7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1929 is $8,500. The latest (1929) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 507, 70th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest pub- lished map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-A ferry wharf owned by the Chesapeake Ferry Co., and used by its ferries operating between Willoughby Spit and Old Point Comfort, is the only commercial wharf located on Willoughby Spit. The wharf is connected with Ocean View and Norfolk by a concrete highway and an interurban electric line. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 507, 70th Cong., 2d sess.). Effect of improvement.-None. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-See paragraph Originalcondition. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no operations are proposed during the fiscal year 1931. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interest of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-None available. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------------------ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------- - -- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK VA., DISTRICT 553 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------- ------------------------ -------------------------------- Cost of maintenance-______._ _ ---- Allotted ac-------------------------------- -------------------------------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of exist- ing project_----- -------------------- ---------------- $, 500: 6. APPOMATTOX RIVER, VA. Location and description.-The river, a tidal stream, rises in Appomattox County, Va., flows northeasterly 137 miles, and empties into the James River at City Point, Va. The portion under improve- ment extends from its mouth to Petersburg, Va., a distance of 11 miles, which is the length of the tidal reach. The drainage area is 1,610 square miles, of which 1,340 square miles are above Peters- burg. The low-water discharge at Petersburg is estimated at 200 second-feet, and the maximum for a gage height of 17.1 feet above mean low water is roughly estimated at 60,000 second-feet. The river's width between banks is 0.8 mile at the mouth and 200 feet at Petersburg. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 531.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow, tortuous, obstructed by shoals, and about three-tenths mile longer than at present, or about 11.3 miles. The minimum usable low-water depth was about 3 feet. The head of navigation for all purposes was at Petersburg. Previous projects.-None. Prior to the adoption of a project, the sum of $22,500, appropriated in 1852, was expended in making an elaborate survey of the river. Existing project.-This provides for a navigable channel 80 feet wide and 10 feet deep at mean low water between the mouth of the river and Petersburg, the head of navigation, a distance of 11 miles, and a turning basin at Petersburg; for a dam at Petersburg and the excavation for a width of from 200 feet to 300 feet of a diversion channel connecting the river above the dam at Petersburg with the river at a point 2 miles below; for about 1.7 miles of levees on the low grounds between the navigable and diversion channels; for a highway bridge and a railway bridge across the diversion channel; and for other work incidental to the diversion channel. Under ordi- nary conditions the mean tidal range is 2.9 feet and the extremes 2.4 and 3.3 feet. There are no records available of the heights of stage due to ordinary floods. These are estimated at 6 to 8 feet above mean low water at Petersburg, where the extremes are from, 15.6 to 17.1 feet. The estimated cost of the navigable channel, revised in 1927, is $578,136 for new work, and the estimated cost (1909) of the diver- sion channel and work incident to its construction was $260,000. The estimated cost of maintenance (1927) of the navigable channel is $6,500 annually. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The acts of June 13, 1902, and March 3, 1909, provided for work pertaining to the diversion scheme (H. Doc. No. 139, 56th 554 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 3, 1871, provided for a navigable channel 60 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean high water (A. R. 1874, Pt. II, p. 54); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for increasing the width of the navigable channel to 80 feet, and for the mainte- nance of the diversion works at Petersburg (H. Doc. No. 952, 60th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of January 21, 1927, provided for increasing the depth from 12 feet at mean high water to 10 feet at mean low water, an increase of 1/2 feet (H. Doc. No. 215, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 952, Sixtieth Congress, first session. Recommended modificationrs of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The only work known to have been done on the river for the benefit of the public with funds supplied by sources other than Congress was by the city of Petersburg. The total amount reported expended by the city since 1866 is approximately $1,578,620. The expenditure was voluntary, and is understood to have been for channel improvement. As the city's records are incom- plete, this amount can not be verified. The river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, in adopting the modification of the existing project imposes the condition that local interests shall furnish, without cost to the United States, suit- able areas for the disposal of dredged material. This condition has been complied with. Terminal facilities.-All wharves and terminals served by the Appomattox are situated on the river front at Petersburg. The wharves constitute a continuous timber bulkhead on piling, and have an aggregate length of about 2,313 feet, with present available depths of :5 to 6 feet at mean low water. About 925 linear feet of the wharf frontage belonging to the city, and 700 linear feet belonging to cor- porations and individuals, are open to the public.at moderate wharf- age charges. The remaining 688 linear feet belong to corporations and individuals and are for private use. A railroad siding, extend- ing for almost the entire length of the wharf front, furnishes a means of transfer between the wharves and the railroads. None of the public wharves is provided with mechanical appliances to facilitate the handling of freight. The terminal facilities are considered ade- quate for the present river commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of im;proavement.-The improvement has made navigation safer and easier and has resulted in more favorable freight rates to and from Petersburg. Operations and results during fiscal year.-New work dredging and rock excavation under contract, involving the removal and disposal of approximately 691,250 cubic yards of sand and mud and 2,170 cubic yards of rock, both, place measurement, for the purpose of increasing the depth of the navigable channel in Appomattox River between the mouth and Petersburg, a distance of 11 miles, over its previous bottom width of 80 feet, to 10 feet at mean low water in dredged channels and 12 feet at mean low water in rock excavation, with side slopes of 1 on 3 throughout, and allowable over- depth on bottom and side slopes of 3 feet in dredged materials and 1 foot in rock excavation, from its former depth of 12 feet at mean RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 555 high water (about 8 feet at mean low water), was commenced on September 30, 1929, and continued to February 19, 1930, when the right to proceed under the contract was terminated because of the insolvency of the contractor. At the time work was suspended the contract was about 48 per cent completed, representing the removal and disposal of 331,501 cubic yards of sand and mud and the com- pletion of 27,784 linear feet of channel between Point of Rocks and Petersburg, to the project dimensions of 10 feet deep at mean low water, over a bottom width of 80 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 3: No dredging was required between the mouth and Point of Rocks, a distance of 31/2 miles, the natural channel between these points al- ready having the required depth of 10 feet at mean low water over bottom widths in excess of 80 feet. Dredging operations for the completion of the work contemplated under the original contract were resumed under a new contract on April 14, 1930, and continued to the end of the fiscal year, resulting in the removal and disposal of 136,437 cubic yards of sand and mud, place measurement, and the completion of 9,286 linear feet of chan- nel to the project depth of 10 feet at mean low water, over a bottom width of 80 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 3. The new contract involves an increased cost over the previous contract of 5.3 cents per cubic yard for dredging sand and mud, which will be reimbursed to the funds for the project by the original contractor and his sureties. The entire work accomplished during the fiscal year represented about 54 per cent of the work contemplated under the original con- tract, and amounted to the removal and disposal of 467,938 cubic yards of dredged material, resulting in the completion of 37,070 linear feet of channel having a depth of 10 feet at mean low water, over a bottom width of 80 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 3. All of the material removed was deposited ashore on areas pro- vided by local interests without cost to the United States. The total cost for the fiscal year was $63,642.73, all of which was for new work. The total expenditure was $50,860.70. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project for Appo- mattox River was about 97 per cent completed at the end of the fiscal year. The navigable channel, between the mouth and Point of Rocks, a distance of about 31/2 miles, has natural depths ranging from 10 feet to 30 feet at mean low water over widths in excess of the required width of 80 feet. Dredging operations for the attainment of a depth of 12 feet at mean high water (corresponding to a depth of about 81 feet at mean low water) over a bottom width of 80 feet in the navigable channel between Point of Rocks and Peters- burg, were completed in 1912. Deepening this channel to the project depth of 10 feet at mean low water is in progress. The diversion channel and the work incidental thereto was completed in 1921. The head of navigation is at Petersburg. Boat navigation is prac- ticable throughout the year. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the removal and disposal of about 145,418 cubic yards of sand and mud and 2,170 cubic yards of rock, both place measurement. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1930, was about 7 feet. 556 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The total cost of the existing project at the end of the fiscal year was $1,069,007.04, of which $840,296.91 was for new work, and $228,710.13 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $1,056,- 031.28, of which $761,031.28 was applied to the navigable channel, and $295,000 was applied to the diversion channel. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($44,667.02), will be applied as follows: New work: Payment of outstanding liabilities and contract obliga- tions pertaining to last fiscal year__________________________---------------- $7, 186. 87 New work (by contract) : Dredging and rock excavation for increas- ing the depth of the navigable channel in Appomattox River from its present depth of about 8.5 feet to 10 feet at mean low water in dredged channels and 12 feet at mean low water in rock excava- tion, over its previous bottom width of 80 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 3, and allowable overdepths on bottom and side slopes, of 3 feet in dredged materials and 1 foot overdepth in rock excava- tion, between Petersburg and a point about 2/s miles downstream, involving the removal and disposal of 145,418 cubic yards of sand and mud, at 14.5 cents, and 2,170 cubic yards of rock in place, at $2.90, both place measurement (July and August, 1930)_--------- 27,378. 61 Maintenance (by contract) : Dredging for the removal of freshet deposits during the progress of and after the completion of new work excavation ----- ----------------------------------- 7, 000.00 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies--------------------- 3, 101. 54 Total-- -------------------- ---------------------- 44, 667.02 The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($5,000), will be applied to mainte- nance dredging in Appomattox River, between the mouth and Peters- burg with Government plant or by contract. Maintenance dredging is required annually for the removal of material carried down by freshets. Commercial statistics.-The traffic reported for the river during the calendar year 1929 amounted to 25,230 short tons, valued at $4,088,431. The above tonnage was about 8 per cent greater and the value about 28 per cent greater than in 1928. Package freight was carried by one steamboat plying triweekly between Norfolk and Petersburg. Fertilizer material and forest products were carried on barges. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925-......... 211, 535 $3, 595, 870 3, 321 1928------...---- 23, 235 $2, 934, 700 1, 960 1926-........ 34, 227 2, 708, 775 3, 686 1929 -.. 25, 230 4, 088, 431 1,056 1927---------- 27,729 3, 294, 343 1,951 Cost and flnancial sunmmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_---------------------------$840, 296. 91 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_---------------- 228, 710.13 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930- --------- 1, 069, 007. 04 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------- 12, 975. 76 Net total expenditures--------- --------------------- 1, 056, 031. 28 UJnexpended balance June 30, 1930-- ------------------------- 44, 667. 02 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1980_------ 1, 100, 698.30 RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 557 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 ,Cost of new work .7.7....3 __ _.................. $7, 069. 88 $63, 642. 73 Cost of maintenance.----------------- ____ $773.20 $11,422. 78 $208. 92 .. Total expended_.--.... --------------- 773. 20 11,422. 78 155.67 7,129.40 50, 860.70 Allotted ----------------------------- 5,000.00 9 000.00 91, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $95, 527. 72 'Gross amount expended---------------- --- -------- 50, 860. 70 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------- 44, 667. 02 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------- $7, 186. 87 ,Amount covered by uncompleted contracts--------- 33, 781. 84 40, 968. 71 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------ 3,698.31 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 for maintenance 1-------------------------- 5, 000. 00 7. PAGAN RIVER, VA. ,ofLocation and description.-This river, a tidal stream, rises in Isle Wight County, Va., flows northeast 10 miles, and empties into James River. The portion under improvement extends from Smith- field, Va., a distance of 5 miles above the mouth, to the 10-foot con- tour in James River, a total distance of about 62/3 miles. The length -ofthe tidal reach is about 8 miles. The width between banks varies from 250 to 4,800 feet. It has a drainage area of about 76 square miles. The drainage at high and low water is not known. The channel dimensions are comparatively large and floods are negligible. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 529.) Origincl condition.-Four obstructing bars limited the usable mean low-water depth to 41/2 feet from the mouth of the river to Sniithfield, and the channel for the entire reach was narrow and tortuous. The head of navigation for steamers was at Smithfield, 5 miles above the mouth. Rafting and logging were carried on 3 miles above Smithfield, making a total navigable length of 8 miles. Previous projects.-These were adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 14, 1880, and March 3, 1905. The cost and expenditures on these projects prior to commencement of work under the existing project in 1910 was $20,671.01, all of which was for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1798 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel having a least width of 80 feet and a depth of 10 feet at mean low water between the Old Dominion Steamship Co.'s wharf at Smithfield and the 10-foot contour in James River, a distance of about 6%2/3 miles. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is 2.6 feet. No data for extreme ranges of tides are available. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1920, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects, was $54,600. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. 1Exclusive of available funds. 558 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for widening the channel at certain bends or angles (H. Doc. No. 397, 60th Cong., 1st sess.), and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the present dimensions of the project (H. Doc. No. 591, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 16 wharves or landings on this river, of which 14 are at Smithfield, Va., and 2 at Battery Park, about 1 mile above the river's mouth. All of these wharves are small wooden structures. The length of dockage available at Smith- field is about 1,100 feet, with depths of 3 to 10 feet, and the wharves at this point, with a few exceptions, are in poor condition. At Battery Park the length of dockage is about 85 feet and the depth of water 11 feet. They are in fair condition. One wharf at Smith- field is publicly owned and is open to general public use on equal terms, the remaining wharves being privately owned. The principal wharf at Smithfield belongs to the Smithfield, Newport News & Norfolk Steamship Co., and is not open to public use. The other private wharves are used by the owners in conducting their business and seven are open to the public at uniform rates of wharfage. Both wharves at Battery Park are privately owned and are not open to general public use. No wharves on this stream have railroad con- nection. The Smithfield wharves are connected with the town by a partly improved road. The Battery Park wharves also have a partly improved road leading to them. The facilities are considered ade- quate for present and prospective requirements. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-As a result of the improvement, naviga- tion has been rendered safer and better, and vessels of greater draft can be used. It has not been practicable to determine the effects, if any, on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. There were no costs or expenditures during the year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1923, at a saving of $23,846 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth in April, 1930, was 8 feet at mean low water. Smithfield is the head of navigation, and this feature has not been affected by the improvement of the stream. Boat navigation is practicable throughout the year. The total cost of the existing project at the end of the fiscal year was $64,285.97, of which $30,754.48 was for new work, and $33,531.49 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $64,285.97. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no operations are proposed during the fiscal year 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($22,000), will be applied as follows: Maintenance (with Government plant or by contract) : Redredging the channel in Pagan River to project dimensions, 132,000 cubic yards at 15 cents ..... -- - - - - -_ - -____$19, 800 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies ------------- - 2, 200 Total-----_ _-_-_-- _-- - - _--_--- ____ 22. 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA.1 DISTRICT 559 The only maintenance dredging accomplished in Pagan River during the past five years was done in 1927, when certain shoals which hampered navigation were removed. The work proposed to be accomplished during fiscal year 1932 will have for its object the restoration of the entire improved channel to project dimensions. Commercial statistics.-The water-borne traffic reported for 1929 amounted to 18,946 tons, valued at $915,839. The tonnage was about 151/2 per cent greater and the value about 5 per cent less than in 1928. The chief upbound commodities were fertilizer, sand, and fresh hams. The chief commodities shipped were lumber, railroad ties, vegetables, and smoked meat. Package freight was carried chiefly by one line operating two steamers and one motor vessel, making collectively, six round trips per week between Smithfield and Norfolk, Va. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1925 1........ 22, 284 $1, 325, 936 29, 024 1928 16,393 $965, 035 9, 464 1926 2 -- . 27, 571 1, 155, 065 23, 233 19295 -- 18, 946 915, 839 1,459, 1927 3 -- . 17,964 906,860 13,771 I Includes 670 tons piling, rafted, valued at $2,520. 2 Includes 3,288 tons piling, rafted, valued at $14,796. 3 Includes 3,503 tons piling, rafted, valued at $17,515. 4 Includes 1,683 tons piling, rafted, valued at $8,415. 5 Includes 1,860 tons piling, rafted, valued at $4,748. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to- June 30, 1930------------------------- $51, 425. 49 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 33, 531. 49 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------84, 956. 98 Net total expenditures----__ 956. 98 8-------------------------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- 84, 956. 98 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work . . ..------------. . ..------------- -------- - -- Cost of maintenance__-------------------- -$958.91 $6, 734.73 $557. 33 $118. 26 ------------ Total expended------------------------- 58. 91 6, 734. 73 557. 33 118. 26 ---- Allotted.........------.....----------------------- 2, 000. 00 500.00 1, 300. 00 3,000.00 -$3, 014. 0 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------- $3, 014.03 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment--------------__ 3, 014.03. Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance- -------------------------------- 22, 000. 00 8. NANSEMOND RIVER, VA. Location and description.-NansemondRiver, a tidal stream, rises: in Nansemond County, Va., flows in a northerly direction for about 25 miles, and empties into James River immediately above the mouth of the latter stream in Hampton Roads. The portion of Nansemond River under improvement extends from the mouth to a point 0.45 11714---xG 1930---36 560 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 mile above the highway bridge at Suffolk, Va., a distance of about 18.66 miles. The stream is crossed by two other highway bridges between the mouth and Suffolk. Definite data are not available as to the length of the tidal reach, which extends for a considerable dis- tance above Suffolk. The width between banks varies from about 150 feet to 11,000 feet. It has a drainage area of about 262 square miles. The discharges at high and low water are not known. Floods are negligible. The Western Branch is the principal tributary of Nansemond River. Its source is in the Great Swamp in Isle of Wight County, Va., and it flows in a southeasterly direction for about 8 miles and empties into the Nansemond at a distance of about 11.5 miles from the mouth. The area of its watershed is about 67 square miles, con- stituting about one-third of the entire drainage area of Nansemond River. The banks are generally marshy, and the stream is narrow and tortuous. Reids Ferry is located at a highway crossing about 2 miles above the mouth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 529.) Original condition.-The channel of Nansemond River was orig- inally narrow and crooked, with a controlling depth of about 4 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation for all purposes was at Suffolk. No improvement of the Western Branch was made by the United States except by the removal from the channel in 1924 of obstructing logs, snags, etc. The channel was obstructed by a sand bar a short distance above the mouth, on which a depth of about 6 feet at mean low water was reported. The stream was understood to be navigable for vessels of 6 feet draft to Reids Ferry. Previous projects.-The original project for Nansemond River was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1873, and modified by the act of June 18, 1878. The cost and expenditure on original and modified projects prior to the commencement of operations under the existing project was $37,000, of which $30,000 was for new work and $7,000 was for maintenance. There was no previous project for the Western Branch. For further details of previous projects see page 1797 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel between the mouth and the head of navigation, 0.45 mile above the highway bridge at Suffolk, a distance of about 18.66 miles, 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide, with a turning basin 200 feet square at Suffolk; and dredging a channel in the Western Branch between the mouth and Reids Ferry, a distance of about 2 miles, to a depth of 10 feet over a bottom width of 80 feet. Depths of channels are referred to mean low water. The mean tidal ranges under ordinary conditions for different parts of Nansemond River are as follows: Suffolk Bridge, 3.4 feet; Newmans Point, 2.8 feet. The extreme ranges under ordinary con- ditions at the same localities are as follows: Suffolk Bridge, 2.8 feet to 4 feet; Newmans Point, 2.3 feet to 3.3 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1930, exclusive of the amount expended on previous projects, is $135,000.. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,500. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of August 11, 1888, provided for a channel in RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA.y DISTRICT 561 Nansemond River 12 feet deep and varying from 400 to 200 feet wide between Town Point, about 3.2 miles from the mouth, to the mouth of the Western Branch, 8.3 miles; 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide between the mouth of the Western Branch and the head of naviga- tion and dredging a turning basin 200 feet square at Suffolk; and constructing spur dikes and training walls at the mouth of the West- ern Branch (Annual Report for 1887, p. 1001) ; and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the present dimensions of the project (H. Doc. No. 184, 70th Cong. 1st sess.). For map see House Document No. 1246, Sixty-second dongress, third session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, im- posed the condition that local interests should furnish, without cost to the United States, suitable areas for the deposit of dredged ma- terial. This condition has not yet been complied with. Terminal facilities.-At Suffolk, Va., there are four small pri- vately owned wharves and one long, continuous wharf, divided into three portions, two of which are private wharves and one is a public wharf, open to general public use. Between Suffolk and the mouth of the river there are about 11 wharves of pile and openwork con- struction, all of which are privately owned, but are open to general public use upon the payment of wharfage. The only wharf on this stream that has rail connection is the one controlled by the Norfolk Southern Railroad at Suffolk. The wharves at Suffolk are connected with the streets of that town, which are in fair condition. At the wharves along the river are ordinary county roads, in fair condi- tion except during bad weather. The facilities are considered ade- quate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been rendered easier, bet- ter, and safer. It is believed that the existence of the navigable channel gives Suffolk more favorable rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.--None. The total expenditure was $15.28, and applied to the cost of fiscal year 1929. Condition at the end of fiscal year.-The existing project is estimated to be about 32 per cent completed. Operations in 1910 and prior years resulted in a channel 80 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water from the mouth of the river to Suffolk, and a turning basin at Suffolk. The controlling depth, between the mouth and the bridge at Suffolk, was 9.7 feet, according to the survey of 1927. The controlling depth between the bridge at Suffolk and the head of navigation, 0.45 mile farther upstream, was about 7 feet. The head of navigation has not been affected by the improvement. Boat navigation is practicable throughout the year. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is to in- crease the depth of the channel in Nansemond River, between the mouth and the head of navigation, to 12 feet at mean low water over a bottom width of 100 feet; and dredge a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water over a bottom width of 80 feet, in the Western Branch; involving the removal and disposal of about 210,000 cubic yards of material, place measurement, this work being authorized by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930. 562 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The total cost of the existing project at the end of the fiscal year was $83,802.72, of which $42,677.11 was for new work and $41,125.61 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $83,802.72. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available and no opera- tions are proposed during the fiscal years 1931 and 1932. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The tonnage of traffic on the river for calendar year 1929 amounted to 242,667 short tons, valued at $363,120. The tonnage was about 41/ per cent less and the value about 39 per cent less than in 1928. There was a decrease in ship- ments of marl due to the factory handling this commodity being closed part of the year. Practically no fertilizer was carried on the river during 1929 due to the fact that a fertilizer plant thereon ceased operations during the latter part of 1928. No regular boat line has operated on the river for several years and freight is carried on motor vessels, barges, and scows. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1925 1.. ---- ---- 67, 936 $659, 146 1928-- - -- . - 253, 931 $599, 995 1926 2 280, 347 539, 321 1929 ...................... 242, 677 363, 120 1927 8... 315, 913 519,977 1 Includes 936 tons of piling, rafted, valued at $4,074. 2 Includes 1,52 tons of piling, rafted, valued at $6,867. ' Includes SIncludes 528 tons of piling, rafted, valued at $2,665. 2,791 tons of piling, rafted, valued at $7,302. Cost and financial summnary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 $72, 677.11 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------------- 48, 125. 61 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 120, 802. 72 Net total expenditures---------- -------------------------- 120, 802. 72 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------------- 120, 802. 72 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work . Cost of maintenance--__-------------------$89.86 $1, 984. 73 $6, 227.48 $15. 28 1 Total expended_____...... ____________ 89. 86 1, 984.73 7,138.51 .......... $15. 28 Allotted.- __------------------------------ 800.00- ---- -3,000.00......... -- 497.28 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--- -------------------------- $512. 56 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment------------------ 497. 28 Gross amount expended-------------- ------------------------ 15. 28 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------------------------------- 92, 300. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 563 9. ONANCOCK RIVER, VA. Location and description.-This river, a tidal stream, rises in Acco- mac County, Va., flows in a westerly direction about 6.5 miles, and empties into Chesapeake Bay. The portion under improvement ex- tends from the mouth of the river to Onancock, Va., a distance of 5 miles, which is the approximate length of the tidal reach. The width between banks varies from 3,000 feet at the mouth to 400 feet at Onancock, Va. The drainage area and discharge at high and low water are not known. Floods are inconsiderable. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1223.) Original condition.-The channel, although free from obstructions has several short and abrupt turns, and the minimum usable depth at mean low water was only 4 feet. The depth over a bar at the mouth of the stream was 5 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation was at Onancock, 5 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879, and was modified by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. The modified project was super- seded by a project adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, work under which was completed in 1911. The cost and ex- penditures on all projects prior to adoption of the existing project were $58,302.78, of which $33,549.02 was for new work and $24,753.76 was for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1799 of Annual Report for 1915 and page 493, Annual Report for 1924. Emisting project.-This provides for dredging a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water, 200 feet wide across the bar, a distance of 5,200 feet, and generally 100 feet wide in the river to Onancock, Va., a distance of 27,800 feet, with a turning basin of about 2.3 acres in area at Onancock, with the understanding that the initial dredging in the river shall be to 10 feet only, the full project depth to be provided if the needs of commerce are later found to demand it. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is 1.7 feet and the extremes 1.5 and 2 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1928, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects, is $111,545. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925 (H. Doc. No. 219, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see page 902 of Annual Report for 1894. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Termirnal facilities.-There are five small timber wharves on this stream, with a total wharfage space of about 980 linear feet, as fol- lows: Three at Onancock and one each at Poplar Cove and Finneys. One of the wharves at Onancock and the wharves at Poplar Cove and Finneys are leased by the Baltimore, Chesapeake & Atlantic Railroad Co. and are not open to the general public for taking on or discharging freight, but vessels are permitted to tie up at the wharves without charge. The other two wharves at Onancock are privately owned, but are open to general public use upon payment of wharfage. There are no railroad connections with any of the 564 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMYP 1930 wharves. A county road extends to each of them. The wharfage facilities are believed to be adequate for the small amount of com- merce on the river. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong. 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been rendered easier and safer by this improvement, and the increased channel dimensions enables vessels of larger size to reach Onancock, the head of navi- gation. The products shipped by water reach the principal markets in much less time than rail shipments, and the water freight rates are slightly lower than the rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The total cost for the fiscal year was $98.63, all of which was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $98.63. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project was about 51 per cent completed at the end of the fiscal year. On June 16, 1928, dredging operations were completed for the attainment of a channel ,10 feet deep at mean low water over a bottom width of 200 feet across Onancock Bar and 100 feet in Onancock River. The ruling depth on that date was 10 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation for boats is Onancock, and its location has not been affected by the improvement. Boat navigation is prac- ticable throughout the year. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is to increase the channel depths in Onancock Bar and River from 10 feet at mean low water to 12 feet at mean low water over the present widths. The total cost of the existing project at the end of the fiscal year was $58,347.86, of which $56,118.07 was for new work and $2,229.79 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $58,347.86. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($8,000), will be applied to maintenance dredg- ing by contract in Onancock River between the outer limits of the bar at the mouth and the town of Onancock. Commercial statistics.-The tonnage of traffic reported for the river in 1929 amounted to 15,869 short tons, valued at $894,262. The above tonnage was about 24 per cent greater and the value about 55 per cent greater than in 1928. About 46 per cent of the total traffic was carried on steamers of a regular line plying between Baltimore and Onancock, making collectively three trips per week, and the remainder by motor boats and sail vessels. The chief com- modities carried comprised potatoes and other vegetables, sea food, fertilizer, and general packet freight. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1925 --..... . -13,897 $790, 075 3,088 1928 .......... 12, 797 $577, 451 2,764 1926 ...-----.. 11,542 764,090 3,238 1929_- ...... 15,869 894,262 2,333 1927 .----- - 9, 851 703, 240 1, 584 RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 565 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----- --------------------- $89, 667. 09 Cost of maintenance td June 30, 1930_-------------- ---- -- 26, 983. 55 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_------------116, 650. 64 Net total expenditures ---------------- 116, 650. 64 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--_----------------__ 116, 650.64 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_ ....---------------- ----------------------- $56, 118.07------------------- Cost of maintenance----..------------------$12.08 $1,873. 59 252.31 $5.26 $9863 Total cost ._.. . .... .__ 12.08 1,873.59 56,370.38 5. 26 98. 63 Total expended. ________ 12. 08 1,873.59 55, 738. 40 637.24 98.63 Allotted ----------------------------- 37,700.00 ...-----------... 20, 000.00 I--------- -1, 960.36 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ----------- $2, 058. 99 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment------------------- 1, 960. 36 Gross amount expended__ 98. 63 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------------------- 56, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance__ 8, 000. 00 10. NANDUA CREEK, VA. Location and description.-Nandua Creek, a tidal estuary on the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay, lies wholly within the limits of Accomac County, Va. From its source it flows in a southwesterly direction for about 4 miles, thence in a northwesterly direction for about 2 miles, and empties into Chesapeake Bay about 10 miles south of Watts Island Light, and about 28 miles north of the harbor at Cape Charles City, Va. It is about 1 mile wide at its mouth and gradually narrows as the source is approached. At Nandua, a distance of about 5 miles from the mouth, its width is about 300 or 400 feet. The area of its watershed is about 15 square miles, with an average elevation of about 6 or 8 feet above sea level, about one- fourth of which is marsh and timber land, the remainder being under cultivation. Being an arm of Chesapeake Bay, Nandua Creek is affected by the lunar and wind tides which affect that body. There are no other currents, and even in periods of excessive rainfall no change in flow is perceptible. In extreme cases the water stage rises to 3 or 4 feet above mean low water, but the average fluctuation of the water surface is about 1.5 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1223.) Original condition.-The creek was obstructed by a shifting bar at the mouth which varied its shape and elevation with each north- easterly storm, as a result of which the narrow, crooked channel over the bar, formed by tidal action after the passing of each storm, was of variable location, though there did not appear to be any serious difficulty in navigating it when located. The channel depth on the bar was about 5 feet at low tide. There was only one boat .566 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1930 landing on the creek, and boats drawing more than 6 feet could not reach it. Previous projects.- None. Existing projects.-This provides for dredging a channel 9 feet deep at mean low water over a bottom width of 100 feet across the bar at the mouth of Nandua Creek, a distance of about 700 feet. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is 1.5 feet, and the extremes between 3 and 4 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $8,110. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for dredging a chan- nel 8 feet deep (Annual Report for 1895, p. 1302); and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the present dimensions of the project (H. Doc. No. 165, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). A map of the stream is printed in the Annual Report for 1895, page 1304. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Two wharves, privately owned, are located on Nandua Creek, having an available frontage of about 100 linear feet each. Boats operated by interests, other than the Baltimore, Chesapeake & Atlantic Railway Co., which load and discharge car- goes at these wharves, are charged a nominal fee for wharfage. The wharves are open to the general public on similar terms. They are of open-pile construction, and are not equipped with any mechaiical means for handling cargoes, all loading and discharging of cargoes being accomplished with hand trucks. These wharves are adequate for the existing commerce, and it is believed that these facilities will take care of any expansion in commerce that may develop as a result of the improvement of the stream. Sufficient space is available for the construction of larger wharves and warehouses, if necessity demands. Effect of improvement.-The improvement of the stream to date has been limited to dredging operations conducted during the interval 1899-1901. This improvement afforded temporary relief to naviga- tion, but, due to the physical peculiarities attending the formation of the bar at the mouth, nearly original conditions were restored in a comparatively short period. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.- A new channel leading to the mouth of the creek has formed to the southward of the location of the channel previously dredged. Nandua, at a distance of about 5 miles from the mouth, is the head of navigation, and this feature has not been affected by the improve- ment. Boat navigation is practicable throughout the year. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is to dredge a channel 9 feet deep at mean low water over a bottom width of 100 feet across the bar at the mouth of the creek, a distance of about 700 feet, as authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. The total cost of the existing project at the end of the fiscal year was $6,108.94, all of which was for new work. The total expenditure was $6,108.94. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 567 Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of com- merce and navigation entail's the postponement of new work on the pro ect. C'ommercial statistics.-None available. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_--------------------------- $6, 108. 94 Net total expenditures---------- --------------------------- 6, 108. 94 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------------6, 108. 94 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work - - - Cost of maintenance ..- --- - - Total expended------------ Allotted------------------------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------- -------------------------------- $2, 000 11. OCCOHANNOCK CREEK, VA. Location and description.-Occohannock Creek, a tidal estuary on the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay, forms a portion of the di- viding line between Accomac and Northampton Counties, Va., and lies wholly within the limits of these two counties. The portion under improvement extends from the mouth of the creek to Davis and Morleys Wharves, a distance of about 5 miles. The width be- tween banks varies from 2,600 feet at the mouth to 1,200 feet at Davis and Morleys Wharves. It has a drainage area of about 20 square miles. The drainage at high and low water is not known. Floods are inconsiderable. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1223.) Original condition.-The channel across the bar to the main chan- nel at the mouth of the creek, a distance of about one-half mile, is very narrow and crooked and has an available depth of about 7 feet. There is an available depth of about 8 feet from the mouth to Davis and Morleys Wharves. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 9 feet deep at mean low water, over a bottom width of 100 feet across the bar at the mouth of Occohannock Creek, a distance of about one-half mile. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 1.5 feet and the extremes between 3 and 4 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1929 is $17,000. The latest (1929) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 165, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). No project map has been published. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. 568 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Terminal facilities.-There are three timber wharves on this stream, with an available frontage of about 100 linear feet each, as follows: Concord, Davis, and Morleys. These wharves are owned or leased by the Baltimore, Chesapeake & Atlantic Railroad Co., and are open to general public use upon payment of wharfage. There are no railroad connections with any of the wharves. The wharfage facilities are believed to be adequate for the existing commerce on the creek. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 165, 71st Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improveemnt.-None. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-See paragraph Original condition. Proposed operations.-No funds are. available and no operations are proposed during the fiscal year 1931. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-None available. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_________________________ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930___________ Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_ Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work - Cost of maintenance-------------------------------- - - Total expended----------- ..------------------------------------- Allotted...----------------- -- ---------.------.. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-----------------------------------------------$17,000 12. WATERWAY FROM NORFOLK, VA., TO THE SOUNDS OF NORTH CAROLINA Location and description.-This water route extends south from Norfolk, Va., to Pamlico Sound, N. C., and consists of 7.5 miles of waterway in the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River, 3 miles in Deep Creek, 22.4 miles in the Dismal Swamp Canal, 4.4 miles in Turners Cut, 31.4 miles in Pasquotank River, 18.5 miles in Albermarle Sound, and 15 miles in Croatan Sound, a total distance of 102.2 miles. All of the waterways named except the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River and the Dismal Swamp Canal are included in the project. The Southern Branch of Elizabeth River and Deep Creek are tidal streams, while the other parts of the route are nontidal with feeble currents. The Dismal Swamp Canal contains two locks, each 250 feet long and 39 feet wide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey Charts Nos. 1227, 1228, 1229, and 1231.) Original condition.-Priorto the adoption of the existing project this waterway had been maintained by private interests, and the RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 569 ,channels had been allowed to deteriorate so that the controlling depth was only 21/2 feet at mean low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging the following chan- nels: Deep Creek, Va., 3 miles long; Turners Cut, N. C., 4:4 miles long; through a shoal in the Pasquotank River, N. C., near Ship Yard Bar, and through a bar in Croatan Sound near Croatan Light- house. A least bottom width of 80 feet and a depth of 10 feet at mean low water are the project dimensions of all the channels named. The limiting width of 80 feet applies to Turners Cut; the channels in Deep Creek and Pasquotank River have been dredged the project depths for widths of 100 feet, while the channel in Croatan Sound has been dredged to a width of 200 feet and a depth of 12 feet. The project also included the cutting of points at sharp bends in the Pasquotank River and the protection of banks in Turners Cut with sheet piling. In Deep Creek and the Southern Branch of the Eliza- beth River the mean tidal range under ordinary conditions is about 3 feet and the extremes 2.3 and 3.2 feet. The extremes of irregular fluctuation in these two streams due to combined effect of tides and wind, referred to mean low water, are about -2 feet and +7 feet. The remaining sections of the waterway are nontidal and not subject to flood. There are at times, however, variations of 1 to 2 feet in level, due to wind. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1899, was $274,310. The latest (1928) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act ap- proved March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 317, 54th Cong., 1st sess.. and Annual Report for 1896, p. 1086; and H. Doc. No. 131, 55th Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1899, p. 1485.) The latest pub- lished map is found in House Document No. 391, Sixty-second Con- gress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The northern end of this waterway is in Norfolk Harbor, Va., the terminal facilities of which are described under this heading in the report on that improvement. There are three small privately owned wharves on the Dismal Swamp Canal, viz, at Deep Creek, Va., Wallaceton, Va., and South Mills, N. C., all of which are open to general public use without charge. At other points along the canal there are about seven small private warehouses, all of which are reported to be in bad condition, but which are occasionally used, without charge for wharfage, by pass- ing boats for unloading supplies and loading farm products. There are three small private landings along the Pasquotank River, be- tween the south end of the canal and Elizabeth City, which are free to general public use. At Elizabeth City, N. C., there are 18 wharves, 4 of which are publicly owned and are open to general pub- lic use, and 14 of which are privately owned, of which latter 8 are open to general public use upon the payment of wharfage, and 6 are for private use only. Below Elizabeth City there are two privately owned wharves on the east bank of the Pasquotank River, which are open to general public use upon the payment of wharfage. All wharves on this waterway are either of the bulkhead type or open- 570 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 pile work. The Norfolk Southern Railroad has physical connection with its wharves at Elizabeth City. The other wharves at Elizabeth City are all connected with the street system of that city. No other wharves along the waterway have physical connection with rail- roads, but are reached by ordinary county roads. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has resulted in the use of larger and deeper-draft vessels, and transportation by water has been rendered easier and better. It has not been practicable to ascertain what effect, if any, the improvement has had on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging in Turners Cut, N. C., with U. S. derrick barge No. 14, operated by hired labor, for the removal of a shoal extending over a distance of about 1,200 feet southward from the lock at South Mills, was ac- complished between June 5, 1930, and the end of the fiscal year, resulting in the removal and disposal of 7,090 cubic yards of mate- rial, place measurement, and the restoration to a depth of 10 feet at mean low water of 1,139 linear feet of channel with a bottom width of about 43 feet. The total cost for the fiscal year was $1,759.35, all of which was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $52.17. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1903, at a saving of $23,114 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year was about 7 feet at mean low water, this depth pertaining to a shoal immediately south of the lock at South Mills. Boat navigation is practicable through- out the year. The total cost of the existing project at the end of the fiscal year was $522,870.00, of which $251,196.46 was for new work and $271,- 673.54 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $521,162.82. Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($6,707.18), will be applied to the payment of outstanding liabilities pertaining to last fiscal year and to the completion of maintenance dredging in Turners Cut, and to such other maintenance dredging and snagging as may be required during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($4,000), will be applied to maintenance dredg- ing, with Government plant or by contract. Annual maintenance is required on account of the increase in commerce using this water- way since the acquisition by the United States of the Dismal Swamp Canal. Commercial statistics.-The tonnage reported for the entire water- way for the calendar year 1929, amounted to 154,380 tons with a value of $2,190,052. Of the above, 105,867 tons were forest products, 41 per cent of which was rafted. The tonnage pertaining to Dismal Swamp Canal, viz, 21,731 tons, was about 15 per cent less, due chiefly to no stone being received for highways during 1929, and the canal being closed 21/2 months; and for other parts of the waterway, 132,649 tons, about 15 per cent less than in 1928. About 91 per cent of the RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 571 total traffic on the waterway in 1929 was northbound, 94 per cent of which consisted of logs and piling. The chief commodities south- bound were petroleum products, and vegetable food products. There were three lines operating on the canal during the year, except for the period it was virtually closed for maintenance dredging, viz, May 1 to July 15, 1929. Other parts of the waterway were served by eight motor boats operated by five lines, one of which began operating on June 15, 1929, and one line was confined almost entirely to United States mail service to Cape Hatteras. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1925 1 .... 218, 248 $4, 780, 319 14, 721 1928 4------ 181,907 $3, 797,370 3, 958 1926 2 217, 817 4, 847, 950 12, 621 1929 a5-.... . 154, 380 2, 190, 052 9, 466 1927 3- 154, 873 3, 313, 689 13, 400 1Includes 23,129 tons of rafted forest products, valued at $109,568. Canal closed Oct. 10-Dec. 15, 1925. 2 Includes 51,049 tons of rafted forest products, valued at $306,294. 8 Includes 25,289 tons of rafted forest prolucts, valued at $146,352. 4 Includes 68,926 tons of rafted forest products, valued at $410,313. * Includes 57,585 tons of rafted forest products, valued at $320,878. Canal closed May 1-July 15, 1929, for maintenance dredging. Cost and finanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------------------------- $251, 196. 46 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 271, 673. 54 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ------------- 522, 870.00 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 , 707. 18 1------------------------ Net total expenditures ------------------------------ 521, 162. 82 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 -- --- 6, 707. 18 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------527, 870. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_ - Cost of maintenance __.. ... . $167. 24 " $570. 41 $3, 058. 73 $8, 819. 15 $1, 759. 35 Total expended___________________________ _ 167. 24 570. 41 1,604. 74 10, 273. 14 52. 17 Allotted --------------------------------- ----------- ----------------------- 5, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------ $1, 759.35 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929-------------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for , 759. 35 6----------- Gross amount expended --------------------------------------- 52. 17 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930__--------------------- 6, 707. 18 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------1, 707.18 Balance available June 30, 1930------------ 5, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance ----- 4, 000. 00 ___-----------------___ 1 Exclusive of available funds. 572 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1980 13. INLAND WATERWAY FROM NORFOLK, VA., TO BEAUFORT INLET, N. C. Location and description.-The improvement described consists of a sea level inland water route approximately paralleling the Atlantic coast between Norfolk, Va., and Beaufort Inlet, N. C., a distance of 197.91 statute miles; and a lock canal, known as the Dis- mal Swamp Canal, 25 statute miles in length, consisting of a sea- level section, 2.6 miles in length, connecting the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River and Deep Creek, and a summit level section, 22.4 miles in length (extending from Deep Creek, Va., to South Mills, N. C., and controlled by a lock at each of these terminals), connecting Deep Creek and Turners Cut, both of which waterways are sections of the waterway from Norfolk, Va., to the sounds of North Carolina. The artificial portion of the Norfolk-Beaufort Inlet section of the- improvement, known as the Albemarle & Chesapeake Canal, con- sisting of two land cuts, connecting the Southern Branch of Eliza- beth River and North Landing River, and Currituck Sound and North River, with right of way and appurtenant property, was purchased by the United States from the Chesapeake & Albemarle Canal Co. for $500,000, on April 30, 1913. Prior to that date the United States maintained, under separate projects, only the natural waterways connected by the privately owned canals. The Dismal Swamp Canal, with right of way and appurtenant property, was purchased by the United States from the Lake Drum- mond Canal & Water Co., for $500,000, on March 30, 1929. The waterways connected by the canal have been maintained by the United States since 1903 under the project for the waterway from Norfolk, Va., to the sounds of North Carolina. The Norfolk-Beaufort Inlet section of the waterway consists of five land cuts, aggregating about 41.75 miles in length, and about 156.16 miles of channels in natural waterways located as follows: Beginning at the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge over the South- ern Branch of Elizabeth River (6.34 miles south of the foot of Main Street, Norfolk, Va.), the route follows successively the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River, Va.; the Virginia Cut of the former Albemarle & Chesapeake Canal; North Landing River, Va. and N. C.; Currituck Sound, N. C.; Coinjock Bay, N. C.; the North Carolina Cut of the former Albemarle & Chesapeake Canal; and North River, N. C., to Albemarle Sound, a distance of 60.99 miles. The route then crosses Albemarle Sound from the bell buoy at the mouth of North River to the bell buoy at the mouth of Alligator River, N. C., a distance of 12.03 miles. From the bell buoy at the mouth of Alligator River, the route follows successively Alligator River, N. C.; the Alligator River-Pungo River, N. C., land cut, ex- tending from Winn Bay, on Alligator River, to Wilkerson Creek, N. C., a tributary of Pungo River (the land cut being a bent line approaching the town of Fairfield, N. C.); Wilkerson Creek, N. C.; Pungo River, N. C.; and Pamlico River, N. C., to the axis thereof (about midway between the mouth of Pungo River and the mouth of Goose Creek, N. C.), a distance of 69.46 miles. From the axis of Pamlico River, at a point about midway between the mouth of Pungo River and the mouth of Goose Creek, the route follows suc- RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 573 cessively Pamlico River; Goose Creek, N. C.; Upper Spring Creek, N. C.; the Upper Spring Creek-Jones Bay, N. C., land cut; Jones Bay, N. C.; the Jones Bay-Beef Creek, N. C., land cut; Beef Creek, N. C.; and Gale Creek, N. C., to the 12-foot contour at the mouth thereof in Bay River, N. C., a distance of 13.09 miles. From the 12-foot contour, at the mouth of Gale Creek, the route follows Bay River and Neuse River, N. C., to the 12-foot contour at the mouth of Adams Creek, N. C., a distance of 23.29 miles.. From the 12-foot contour at the mouth of Adams Creek, the route follows successively Adams Creek, the Adams Creek-Core Creek, N. C., land cut, Core Creek, and Newport River, N. C., to the Norfolk Southern Railroad bridge over Newport River, between Morehead City and Beaufort, N. C., a distance of 19.05 miles. With the exception of the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River, the Adams Creek-Core Creek Canal, and Newport River, which are tidal waters, the watercourses followed are nontidal, with very sluggish currents, which are due principally to the influence of winds. The width between banks of the various streams in the project is very variable, the widest being about 4 miles and the narrowest about 200 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1227, 1228, 1231, and 1233.) The Dismal Swamp Canal section of the waterway consists of a navigable portion, extending from Deep Creek, Va., to South Mills, N. C., a distance of about 22.4 miles, constituting the summit level of the canal, which is capable of an elevation of about 12 feet above mean low water, controlled by a lock at each end, and supplied with water from Lake Drummond, about 31/2 miles west of the midway point between locks; and an unnavigable sea-level portion extending from Deep Creek to Gilmerton, on the southern branch of Elizabeth River, which was abandoned for navigation purposes about the year 1900, when it was discontinued as the connection between the lock at Deep Creek and the Southern Branch, and the natural waterway Deep Creek was substituted therefor. This por- tion of the canal is crossed by two fixed highway bridges, and one fixed railroad bridge. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1227.) Original conditior.-At the time of the adoption of the present project the following improved channels existed on the different sections of this improvement: Between Norfolk, Va., and Albe- marle Sound, N. C., a. channel with a minimum depth of 8.5 feet at mean low water and from 50 to 90 feet wide on the bottom, with a tidal lock at Great Bridge, Va., which had a width of 40 feet, a length of 221 feet, and a lift of 2.5 feet above mean low water; between Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds, N. C., a channel with a minimum depth of 10 feet at mean low water and with a minimum width of about 100 feet, but by a route different from that followed by this project; between Pamlico Sound and Beaufort Inlet, N. C., a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and with a minimum width of 90 feet; and between Deep Creek, Va., and South Mills, N. C., connecting Deep Creek and Turners Cut, a lock canal, with a summit level 12 feet above mean low water, which had been con- structed to a depth of about 9 feet over a bottom width of about 50 feet. The two locks, which maintain the level of the canal, are each 39 by 250 feet. 574 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Previous projects.-No project covering the entire waterway con- templated by this improvement has existed before, but separate projects have existed for the improvement of most of the water- courses embraced in the present project. The river and harbor act of March 3, 1873, provided for the improvement of the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River, upon which a total of $40,000 was expended for new work. North Landing River, Va., and N. C., was improved at a cost of $47,607.65 for new work and $7,892.35 for maintenance under a project adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879. Currituck Sound, Coinjock Bay, North River, and North River Bar, N. C., were improved at a total cost of $142,500, under a project adopted in the river and harbor act of June 18, 1878, and subsequently modified by the river and harbors acts of June 14, 1880, and March 3, 1881. The river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, consolidated the separate projects under one project, upon which $61,988 was expended for new work and $44,912 for mainte- nance. The total cost and expenditures on the above four projects prior to the adoption of the present project were $292,095.65 for new work and $52,804.35 for maintenance, a total of $344.900. Existing project.-This provides for an inland waterway with a depth of 12 feet at mean low water between Norfolk, Va., and Beau- fort Inlet, N. C., a distance of 197.91 miles, with bottom widths vary- ing from 90 feet in land cuts to 300 feet in open waters, for the con- struction of a tidal guard lock in the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal at or near Great Bridge, Va., for the purchase of the Lake Drummond (Dismal Swamp) Canal as an adjunct to the Inland Waterway at a price of not to exceed $500,000, and for its mainte- nance to a depth of about 9 feet over a bottom width of 50 feet. The length of the Dismal Swamp Canal is 25 miles, making the total length of waterways under improvement 222.91 miles. The waterway is nontidal except in the Southern Branch of Eliza- beth River and in Beaufort Inlet, N. C. In the Southern Branch the mean tidal range under ordinary conditions is 2.7 feet and the extremes are 2.3 and 3.2 feet. The extremes of irregular fluctuation, due to the combined effect of tide and wind, referred to mean low water, are -2 and +7 feet. In Beaufort Inlet, N. C., under ordi- nary conditions the mean tidal range is 2.6 feet and the extremes are 2.3 and 3.2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $7,780,600, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1916) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $85,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 25, 1912, adopted the original route of the Norfolk-Beaufort Inlet section (H. Doc. No. 391, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of August 8, 1917, authorized a change of route in the Albemarle Sound-Pamlico Sound section, via the Alligator River-Rose Bay route, and the Pamlico Sound-Neuse River section, via Pamlico Sound-Brant Shoal-Neuse River route, to Alligator River-Pungo River route, and Goose Creek-Bay River route, re- spectively (H. Does. Nos. 1478, 63d Cong., 3d sess., and 1136, 64th Cong., 1st sess., approved by the Secretary of War April 14, 1919); the act of July 18, 1918, changed the Alligator River-Pungo River route (a proposed land cut connecting the rivers) from a straight line, as approved by the first modification, to a bent line approaching RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 575 nearer the town of Fairfield, N. C. (approved by the Secretary of War on May 15, 1919); the act of March 3, 1925, provided for the purchase of the Lake Drummond Canal (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 5, 67th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of July 3, 1930, authorized the construction of a tidal lock at Great Bridge at a limit of cost of not to exceed $500,000. (S. Doc. No. 23, 71st Cong., 1st sess.) The latest published maps are in the last mentioned document and House Document No. 1136, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modiflctions of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Termninal facilities.-The north end of this waterway is in Nor folk Harbor, the terminal facilities of which are described in the report on that improvement. Between Norfolk and Albemarle Sound there are 13 wharves or landings, all of which are privately owned, but which are understood to be open to public use upon the pay- ment of wharfage. Physical connection with railroad exists only at Munden, Va. Along the proposed route between Albemarle Sound and Pamlico River are nine privately owned wharves and one wharf owned and operated by the city of Belhaven free of charge. Located upon waters'tributary to the Pamlico River-Neuse River section are 15 privately owned wharves, aggregating a frontage of about 600 feet, all of which are generally open to all water car- riers free of charge. There are eight wharves on the section of the waterway from Neuse River to Beaufort Inlet, with a combined frontage of about 406 feet. All are privately owned, and one is open to all water carriers on equal terms. At Morehead City, N. C., there are 27 wharves, their total frontage being about 500 feet. One is a city wharf, with a frontage of 50 feet, which is open to the use of all without charge. The remainder are privately owned, but are generally open to use by all water carriers without charge. Con- tiguous to the harbor at Beaufort, N. C., the southern terminus of the waterway, there are 46 wharves, their total frontage being about 1,200 feet. One at Beaufort is a city wharf, open to all without charge; two (at Fort Macon and Pivers Island) are owned by the Government; and the remainder are privately owned, but are gen- erally open to public use by all water carriers on equal terms when not in use by their owners. All of the wharves along this waterway are of pile and timber construction. There are ordinary county roads leading to the wharves and landings. The facilities are con- sidered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The completed sections of the canal pro- vide a safe, practicable channel for small boats in all weather. The reported traffic shows a marked increase both in volume and value since 1921. Due to the uncompleted section of this canal through traffic from Beaufort to Norfolk has shown little change. This waterway has provided communication facilities for a large area in the sounds of North Carolina which is not provided with railroad or highway facilities. Due to the uncompleted section of the water- way, it has not been practicable to determine its effect upon trans- portation rates. Operations and results during ffscal year.-New work dredging with U. S. pipe line dredge Currituck operated by hired labor, on the 11 714-ENG 1930--37 576 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Pamlico River-Neuse River, N. C., section of the waterway, which was in progress at the close of the last fiscal year, was continued to October 21, 1929, on which date the work was completed; and thereby was completed all of the new work dredging required on the Inland Waterway under the existing project. The work accom- plished during the fiscal year was the removal and disposal of 1,167,579 cubic yards of material, place measurement, of which 443,611 cubic yards were removed from the Upper Spring Creek- Jones Bay-Beef Creek land cut, 92,821 cubic yards were removed from Beef Creek, and 631,147 cubic yards were removed from Gale Creek; resulting in the completion to the project depth of 12 feet at mean low water of 5,848.71 linear feet of channel, between Jones Bay and Beef Creek, having a bottom width of 90 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 3; 1,721.1 linear feet of channel, in Beef Creek, having a bottom width of 125 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 3; and 9,378.05 linear feet of channel, in Gale Creek, having a bottom width of 250 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 4. The material dredged from the land cut and Beef Creek was deposited upon the banks, and that dredged from Gale Creek was deposited on the banks, or in adjacent waters at a minimum distance of .1,200 feet from the axis of the dredged channel. The cost of the work was $85,198.53. New work under contract, in connection with the construction of a highway bridge, with a steel swing drawspan, for carrying the Bayboro-Hobucken highway across the Upper Spring Creek-Jones Bay land cut, near Hobucken, N. C., was commenced on July 15, 1929, and continued to February 15, 1930, when the contract was completed. The cost of the work was $71,924.24. Maintenance dredging under contract for the restoration of project dimensions in the Lower North Landing River-Currituck Sound section of the waterway was commenced on August 5, 1929, and con- tinued to January 10, 1930, when the contract was completed. The work accomplished was the removal and disposal of 2,455,253 cubic yards of material, place measurement, resulting in the restoration to the project depth of 12 feet at mean low water over a bottom width of 250 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 3, of 80,600 linear feet of channel. The dredged material was deposited in adjacent waters behind the remains of timber dikes located at a minimum distance of 300 feet from the axis of the dredged channel. The cost of the work was $170,051.68. Maintenance dredging with U. S. pipe line dredge Pullen operated by hired labor was accomplished as follows: Dredging in the Dismal Swamp Canal, south of Wallaceton, Va., which was in progress at the close of the last fiscal year, was con- tinued to July 19, 1929, when the work was completed, resulting in the removal and disposal of 29,907 cubic yards of material, place measurement, and the restoration of an aggregate of 3,200 linear feet of channel to a depth of 9 feet over a bottom width of 50 feet. The dredged material was deposited upon the west bank of the canal. The cost of the work was $10,904.89. Dredging in the Virginia Cut of the waterway, immediately west of the North Landing bridge, was commenced on September 9, 1929, and continued to September 24, 1929, when the work was completed, resulting in the removal and disposal of 10,281 cubic yards of RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 577 material, place measurement, and the restoration of 650 linear feet of channel to the project depth of 12 feet at mean low water over a bottom width of 90 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 3. The dredged material was deposited on the canal banks. The cost of the work was $9,337.05. Dredging in the southern branch of Elizabeth River, about one- fourth mile west of the Great Bridge office, was commenced on September 25, 1929, and continued to October 3, 1929, when the work was completed, resulting in the removal and disposal of 18,454 cubic yards of material, place measurement, and the restoration of 2,350 linear feet of channel to the project depth of 12 feet at mean low water over a bottom width of 90 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 3. The dredged material was deposited on the banks. The cost of the work was $3,496.98. Dredging in the North River Bar Channel, in North River and Albemarle Sound, N. C., was commenced on October 14, 1929, and continued to October 31, 1929, when the work was completed, result- ing in the removal and disposal of 87,176 cubic yards of material, place measurement, and the restoration of 2,400 linear feet of chan- nel to the project depth of 12 feet at mean low water over a bottom width of 300 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 3. The dredged material was deposited in adjacent waters at a minimum distance of 1,200 feet from the axis of the dredged channel. The cost of the work was $12,276.95. Dredging in the southern branch of Elizabeth River, about 3 miles northwest of the Great Bridge office, was commenced on No- vember 1, 1929, and continued to November 11, 1929, when the work was completed, resulting in the removal and disposal of 29,202 cubic yards of material, place measurement, and the restoration of 1,062 linear feet of channel to the project depth of 12 feet at mean low water over a bottom of 150 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 3. The- dredged material was deposited upon the river bank. The cost of' the work was $7,672.10. Maintenance snagging with U. S. derrick barge No. 14 operated/ by hired labor, was accomplished in the Dismal Swamp Canal be- tween July 1, 1929, and September 11, 1929. The waterway between Deep Creek, Va., and South Mills, N. C., a distance of about 22 miles, was worked over, and 838 snags, 726 logs, 62 stumps, and 170 trees were removed from the channel, while 541 overhanging trees were removed from the canal banks. The material removed was de- posited on shore above the high-water stage. The cost of the work was $5,244.09. The completion of purchase of the Dismal Swamp Canal was effected on March 4, 1930, on which date payment of $1,000 was made to the Lake Drummond Canal & Water Co. for three parcels of right of way in Norfolk County, Va., title to which was per- fected by the company and conveyed to the United States. This cost was charged to new work. The acquisition of one parcel of right of way, on the North Caro- lina Cut, in Currituck County, N. C., three parcels of. right of way, on the Alligator River-Pungo River land cut, in Hyde County, N. C., and five parcels of right of way, on the Upper Spring Creek-Jones Bay-Beef Creek land cut, in Pamlico County, N. C., aggregating 1,290.34 acres, was completed during the year at a cost of $5,083.95, all of which was charged to new work. 578 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Miscellaneous surveys, in connection with maintenance dredging, were made during the year at a cost of $4,580.93. Forty new steel pontoon catamarans for the dredge Currituck were provided during the year under contract at a cost of $40,739.65, of which $1,339.65, the overhead cost, was charged to new work, and the book value of the dredge Currituckc was increased by $39,400, the contract cost. The total cost for the fiscal year was $388,111.04, of which $164,- 546.37 was for new work and $223,564.67 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $476,012.54. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was about 93 per cent completed at the end of the fiscal year. The ruling depth of the inland waterway (between Norfolk and Beaufort Inlet) at the close of the fiscal year was 10 feet at mean low water, this depth occurring in Alligator River, where dredging was accomplished in 1922, and in Wilkerson Creek. The ruling depth of the Dismal Swamp Canal at the close of the fiscal year was 7 feet, this depth occurring at several locations throughout the canal. Navigation by boats is practicable throughout the year "on both the Norfolk-Beaufort Inlet and the Dismal Swamp section of the waterway. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the construction of a tidal lock at Great Bridge, Va., as authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, at an estimated cost of $500,000, and the acquisition of seven parcels of right of way in Pamlico County, N. C., aggregating 139.86 acres, at an estimated cost of $9,677.15. The total cost of the existing project at the end of the fiscal year was $7,805,808.08, of which $7,270,867.88, including $1,000,000 for the purchase of the Albemarle & Chesapeake and the Dismal Swamp Canals, was for new work, and $534,940.20 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $8,492,293.88. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($97,- 206.12), plus $166,000 allotted after June 30, 1930, making a total of $263,206.12, will be applied as follows: Maintenance: Payment of outstanding liabilities and contract obli- gations pertaining to last fiscal year__________________________ $32, 141. 07 New work: Acquisition of right of way in Pamlico County, N. C _ 9, 676. 65 Maintenance (by contract) : Redredging in Alligator River, Alli- gator River-Pungo River land cut, Wilkerson Creek, and Pungo River, N. C., for the restoration of the depth of 12 feet at mean low water, over bottom widths of 90 feet, 125 feet, and 250 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 21/2 and 1 on 3, of channels dredged to these dimensions between 1922 and 1928, 1,919,639 cubic yards at 10.4 cents (July, 1930, to June, 1931)_____ 199, 642.46 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies ___________________ 21, 745.94 Total--------------------------------------------------- 263, 206. 12 The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($90,000), will be applied as follows: Maintenance (with Government plant or by contract) : Redredging channels between Norfolk, Va., and Beaufort Inlet, N. C. $80, 000.00 Maintenance (with Government plant or by contract) : Redredging Dismal Swamp Canal---- ... 10, 000. 00 Total_------ __ 90, 000. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 579 The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The total tonnage of the waterway for the calendar year 1929, exclusive of 37,937 tons of rafted logs and piling, amounted to 626,454 tons, valued at $27,955,591. This tonnage is about 7 per cent less than in 1928 and the value about 0.3 per cent less. About 56 per cent of the total tonnage was northbound. Of this amount, 90 per cent consisted of lumber, logs, and other forest products, carried on barges. Other chief commodities northbound were fish and oysters, potatoes, and vegetables. The chief commodi- ties southbound were fertilizer materials, gasoline, and other petro- leum products, sand and gravel, sugar and other vegetable food products. Five regular lines of self-propelled 'vessels used the waterway during the year as follows: One having one motor vessel making three round trips per week between Norfolk and Poplar Branch, N. C.; one having one motor boat plying between Norfolk and Edenton and points on Roanoke River, making two round trips per week; one having one motor boat plying triweekly between Nor- folk and Manteo, N. C.; one having three motor boats plying between Norfolk and Morehead City, New Bern, and Beaufort, N. C., making in the aggregate three round trips per week; and one having one motor boat making one trip per week between Norfolk and Bel- haven, N. C. Two regular lines that operated motor boats between Norfolk and Elizabeth City, N. C., on the Chesapeake & Albermarle Canal during 1928 having been using the Dismal Swamp Canal route between the two places named above since the early part of 1929. Comjarative statement Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1925 1--......... 521, 910 $18, 621, 669 6, 518 1928 4.----.-- 673,464 $28,037,071 2, 243 1926 2-.-....... 641, 662 20, 865, 452 5, 918 1929 --- 626,454 27, 955, 591 1, 922 1927 -------.........623, 551 23, 203, 425 4,897 1 Additional traffic in rafted forest products amounted to 29,040 tons, valued at $183,048. 2 Additional traffic in rafted forest products amounted to 36,026 tons, valued at $162,469. 3 Additional traffic in rafted forest products amounted to 26,497 tons, valued at $131,122. # Additional 6 traffic in rafted forest products amounted to 36,176 tons, valued at $173,644. Additional traffic in rafted forest products amounted to 37,937 tons, valued at $251,552. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-- --------- 1$7, 581, 534. 90 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_________________________ 602, 985. 21 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 8, 184, 520. 11 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---- ____ 652, 029. 05 Net total cost to June 30, 1930---------------------- 8, 836, 549.16 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------------- 6, 009. 05 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 ------------- _---_ 8, 842, 558. 21 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930___-- ------------------ 5, 364. 33 Net total expenditures----- ---------------- 8, 837, 193. 88 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930__--_________ 97, 206. 12 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_----- 8, 934, 400. 00 'Includes adjustment in costs reported in 1929 pertaining to dredges Currituck and Pullen. 580 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work----........... . $593, 582.89 $631, 302.25 $514, 625. 85 $1, 051, 293.82 $164, 546.37 Cost of maintenance..... ----------------- 25, 053.86 38, 201.56 137, 402. 14 43, 840. 64 223, 564. 67 Total cost_ _........--............. 618, 636. 75 669, 503.81 652, 027.99 1,095,134.46 388, 111.04 Total expended__....------- -- . 618, 636. 75 669, 503.81 634,893. 12 1,123, 469.14 476, 012.54 Allotted -............................... 755, 000. 00 625,000.00 710, 000.00 842, 500.00 50, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_________________ $523,218. 66 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 23, 1928 ------------------------------------------ 50, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for ------------------------- 573, 218. 66 Gross amount expendled_ $476, 639. 04 Less receipts from sales--------------------------- 626. 50 476, 012. 54 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-__ ____________-____- 97, 206. 12 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-------------- $15, 461.07 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts------------ 16, 680.00 32, 141. 07 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------65, 065.05 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------ ------------ 6,009. 05 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--------------71, 074. 10 Amount (estimated) 2-required to be appropriated for c'o>pletion - -- - -- - -- - - - -- - -- - - - -- - -- - -- - - - of existing project _ 500, 000 Amount that can be profitably_ expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 for maintenance 2-------------- ___L___________ 90, 000. 00 14. OPERATING AND CARE OF THE INLAND WATERWAY FROM NORFOLK, VA., TO BEAUFORT INLET, N. C. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms a part of the project for the "Inland Waterway from Nor- folk, Va., to Beaufort Inlet, N. C." (See pp. 572 to 580 where general information can be found.) The work included is the operation and care of 222.91 statute miles of waterway having a depth of 12 feet at mean low water, except in the Dismal Swamp Canal, over bottom widths ranging from 90 feet in land cuts, and 125 feet in narrow rivers, to 250 and 300 feet in large rivers and open waters, located as follows: (a) Between the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge over the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River (6.34 miles south of the foot of Main Street, Norfolk, Va.), and the bell buoy at the mouth of North River in Albemarle Sound, N. C., a distance of 60.99 miles; the water- way includes 16.96 miles of land cuts between natural waterways and cut-offs of bends in rivers, 40.82 miles of improved channels in nat- ural waterways, and 3.21 miles of natural waterways on which no im- provement was required. (b) Between the bell buoy at the mouth of North River and the bell buoy at the mouth of Alligator River, in Albemarle Sound, N. C., 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 581 there exist 12.03 miles of open water (Albemarle Sound) having the required depth of 12 feet at mean low water. S(c) Between the bell buoy at the mouth of Alligator River and the axis of Pamlico River (about midway between the mouth of Pungo River and the mouth of Goose Creek) a distance of 69.46 miles, the waterway includes 21.62 miles of land cut between natural waterways, 30.09 miles of improved channels in natural waterways, and 17.75 miles of natural waterways on which no improvement was required. (d) Between the axis of Pamlico River, about midway between the mouth of Pungo River and the mouth of Goose Creek, and the 12- foot contour at the mouth of Gale Creek, in Bay River, a distance of 13.09 miles, the waterway includes 3.34 miles of land cut between natural waterways, 7.95 miles of improved channels in natural water- ways, and 1.8 miles of natural waterway on which no improvement was required. (e) Between the 12-foot contour at the mouth of Gale Creek, in Bay River, and the junction of Bay River and Neuse River, off Maw Point Shoal, N. C., there exists 5.81 miles of open water (Bay River and Neuse River) having the required depth of 12 feet at mean low water. (f) Between the junction of Bay River and Neuse River and the Norfolk Southern Railroad bridge over Newport River, between Morehead City and Beaufort, N. C., a distance of 36.53 miles, the waterway includes 6.47 miles of land cut between natural waterways (Adams Creek-Core Creek Canal), 12.58 miles of improved chan- nels in natural waterways, and 17.48 miles of natural waterways on which no improvement was required. (g) The Dismal Swamp Canal, a land cut, connects the natural waterway, Southern Branch of Elizabeth River, with Turners Cut, an artificial waterway, extending from Gilmerton, Va., to South Mills, N. C., a distance of about 25 miles. All of the waterways above considered are sea level with the excep- tion of the Dismal Swamp Canal, of which 22.4 miles, the portion between Deep Creek, Va., and South Mills, N. C., is a lock canal. With the exception of the Dismal Swamp Canal section, the main- tenance and operation of the above improvements have been carried on under the permanent indefinite appropriation since April 30, 1913, the date of purchase by the United States of the Albemarle & Chesapeake Canal from the Chesapeake & Albemarle Canal Co. The Dismal Swamp Canal was purchased by the United States from the Lake Drummond Canal & Water Co. on March 30, 1929, and has been maintained and operated under the permanent indefinite appropriation since that date. The Government owns and operates five highway bridges and one railroad bridge, with draw spans, and operates one ferry for handling highway traffic on the Norfolk-Beaufort Inlet portion of the Inland Waterway, and owns and operates two locks, and two bridges with draw spans on the Dismal Swamp Canal portion. The portion of the Dismal Swamp Canal between Gilmerton and Deep Creek, which is abandoned for navigation purposes, is crossed by one Government-owned fixed bridge. 582 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Operatiomn and results daring fiscal year.-Four highway bridges, one railroad bridge, and one ferry (the Fairfield Turnpike cross- ing), owned by the Government and located on the Norfolk- Beaufort Inlet portion of the waterway, were operated continuously during the year. A second ferry (Bayboro-Hobucken highway crossing) was operated continuously from the beginning of the fiscal year to February 16, 1930, at which time the highway bridge at this location, which had been under construction between July 15, 1929, and February 15, 1930, was opened for traffic. The bridge was operated continuously from that date to the close of the fiscal year. The two highway bridges and the two locks, owned by the Govern- ment and located on the Dismal Swamp Canal portion of the water- way, were operated continuously during the year. Repairs and improvements to, and reconstruction of buildings, bridges, locks, wharves, canal plant, and other property were made as found necessary during the year. In addition, 24 linear feet of pipe line for fire protection was installed at Great Bridge, thereby completing the work, which was in progress during the previous fiscal year, and increasing the pipe-line installation to 2,106 feet; a new waste weir was constructed, in connection with feeder canal from Lake Drummond; a new leaf was installed in the lower gate of the lock at South Mills; and new poles and wire were installed in the telephone line between Deep Creek and South Mills. Rafts passing Great Bridge, on the Norfolk-Beaufort Inlet portion, and Deep Creek and South Mills, on the Dismal Swamp portion, were inspected, and commercial statistics pertaining to the waterway were collected and compiled. All of the above work was performed by hired labor. A total of $75,034.15 was expended, of which $70,918.72 was disbursed- by the Norfolk (Va.) district, and $4,115.43 was disbursed by the Wilmington (N. C.) district. Of the total expenditures, $44,360.68 was for the operation of canals, bridges, and other work; $21,969.65 was for ordinary maintenance and repairs, and $8,703.82 was for improvements and reconstruction. Condition at end of fiscal year.-At the end of the fiscal year, the portion of the Inland Waterway between the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge over the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River, at Norfolk, Va., and the 12-foot contour at the mouth of Gale Creek, in Bay River, a distance of 155.57 miles, had a controlling depth of 10 feet at mean low water, this depth occurring in Alligator River and Wilkerson Creek, Hyde County, N. C., where new work dredging was accomplished between 1922 and 1928. Between the 12-foot con- tour at the mouth of Gale Creek, in Bay River, and Beaufort Inlet, N. C., via Bay River, Neuse River, and Adams Creek-Core Creek Canal, a distance of 42.34 miles, the controlling depth was 12 feet at mean low water. The controlling depth of the Dismal Swamp Canal portion of the Inland Waterway, at the close of the fiscal year was 7 feet, this depth occurring at several places throughout the operated portion of the canal. The total expenditure, at the end of the fiscal year, for operating and care of the waterway from the indefinite appropriation was $542,565.75, including the sum of $52,259.14, dis- bursed by the Wilmington (N. C.) district, during the period from July 1, 1923 to June 30, 1930. RIVERS AND HARBORS--NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 583 Proposed operations.-The bridges, locks, buildings, and plant pertaining to the operation of the waterway, between the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge over the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River (6.34 miles south of the foot of Main Street, Norfolk, Va.), and Beaufort Inlet, N. C., a distance of 197.91 statute miles, and be- tween Deep Creek, Va., and South Mills, N. C., a distance of 22.4 statute miles, will be operated and maintained under the allotment from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930___________ ___________- $550, 017. 78 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930________________________ 7,452. 03 Net total expenditures ____----------------- _- 542, 565. 75 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--_______ ------- _25, 922. 94 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 568, 488. 69 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of maintenance--_.----------- . . $38,664.90 $54, 677. 19 $42, 625. 18 $50, 428.25 $78,039.39 Total expended------......-.---.---------. 38, 664. 90 54, 677. 19 40, 392.08 48, 257.30 75, 034. 1 Allotted_.... ........-.-.--.------ ...- -- 47, 500.00 49,500.00 45,515. 00 52,500.00 84,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_________- _____ $16, 957. 09 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, sec. 6, river and harbor act, March 3, 1909 ___________________________ 84, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for___ _________----------- 100, 957. 09 Gross amount expended -------------------------------- 75,034. 15 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_____ ___-------- 25, 922.94 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930__1111111111 _1$4, 731. 38 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts------------ 4, 977. 70 9, 709. 08 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------ 16, 213. 86 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931_--__ _____-------------100, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931------------------ 116,213. 86 15. BLACKWATER RIVER, VA. Location and description.-This river, a nontidal stream, rises in Prince George County, near Petersburg, Va., and flows in a general southeasterly direction for 80 miles, where it unites with the Notto- way River to form the Chowan River, which empties into Albemarle Sound. The portion under improvement extends from its mouth to Franklin, Va., a distance of 13 miles. The average width between banks below Franklin, Va., is 200 feet. The drainage area and dis- charge at high and low water are unknown. It is a sluggish stream and carries very little sediment. (See U. S. Geological Survey, Holland quadrangle, Virginia.) Original condition.--The channel was about 7 feet deep at mean low water from the mouth to Franklin, Va., but navigation was 584 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 hampered by obstructions and short bends. Above Franklin the channel dimensions were considerably less. The head of navigation was usually referred to as being at Franklin, Va., about 13 miles above the mouth, but the stream had, as at present, a depth of 3 feet at mean low water to Burdette, Va., about 12 miles farther upstream, making a total navigable length of about 25 miles. Previous project.-The original and only project antedating the present project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 18, 1878. A total of $14,000 was expended under this project for new work. This amount also represents the cost. For further details of the previous projects see page 1802 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for clearing the 13 miles of river below Franklin, Va., of obstructions, so as to afford a condition of easy navigation for boats of 7-foot draft. The stream is nontidal. The portion of the river under improvement is subject to freshets of short duration, causing rises of 3 to 4 feet, but the general stage of the river remains for the greater part of the time at the elevation of Albemarle Sound, with which it connects. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1907, exclusive of amount expended on pre- vious projects, was $8,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, in accordance with report published in House Docu- ment No. 177, Fifty-ninth Congress, first session. There is no published map of this improvement. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is a wharf and warehouse at Franklin, Va., and three small wharves with warehouses between this point and the mouth of the river. All of these are privately owned, but are open to the general public on equal terms. Physical connection be- tween rail and water carriers exists only at Franklin, Va., where the Seaboard Air Line has a track on the wharf. The streets of Franklin connect with the wharf at that point, and at the other landings are ordinary country roads. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been rendered easier and safer by the work that has been performed. It has not been possible to ascertain what effect, if any, the improvement has had on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance snagging in Blackwater River, Va., with U. S. derrick barge No. 14, operated by hired labor, was accomplished between March 15, 1930, and May 31, 1930, resulting in the removal of 321 snags, 1,295 logs, 12 stumps, and 202 trees from the channel, while 409 trees were removed from the banks of the river. The material removed was deposited on shore above the high-water stage. The total cost for the fiscal year was $5,006.67, all of which was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $4,846.93. RIVERS AND HARBORS---NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 585 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1908, at a saving of $5,856 under the estimated cost. Logs, snags, trees, and other obstructions have been removed at various times, and there was an available depth of 7 feet at mean low water between Franklin, Va., the head of navigation, and the mouth of the river at the last examination, which was made in May, 1930. The head of navigation has not been affected by the improvement. Boat navigation is practicable throughout the year. The total cost of the existing project at the end of the fiscal year was $23,200, of which $2,144.33 was for new work and $21,055.67 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $23,040.26. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930, ($159.74), will be applied to the payment of outstanding liabilities pertaining to the last fiscal year. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, ($3,000) will be applied to maintenance of the improvement with Government plant, by the removal of sunken logs, snags, overhanging trees, etc. It is proposed to do maintenance work every other year, rather than a less amount of work during each year, since it is thought that this method will be more economical. Commercial statistics.-The tonnage of traffic on the river for 1929, including 1,412 tons of rafted logs, amounted to 1,937, valued at $38,639. The tonnage was about 90 per cent less and the value about 85 per cent less than in 1928. There was a decrease of 86 per cent in logs rafted on account of this commodity being hauled by railroad during 1929, instead of being rafted. The Albemarle Navigation Co. operated one steamboat and one motor boat irreg- ularly during the year making in the aggregate only 20 trips for the entire year, and resulting in a decrease of 75 per cent in pack- age freight. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1925 1 5, 552 $496, 598 1928 4---------------------...................... 5_____________________ 21, 287 $263, 802 1926 2--.-...--.-.------ 10, 349 388, 360 1929 _____________________...................... 1, 937 38, 639 1927 . ------- 34, 304 500, 605 1Includes 510 tons logs, rafted, with value of $2,190. 2 Includes 5,892 tons logs, rafted, with value of $12,530. 8 Includes 30,034 tons logs and piling, rafted, with value of $135,225. 4 Includes 18,428 tons logs and piling, rafted, with value of $83,042. I Includes 1,412 tons logs, rafted, with value of $6,354. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------.______.___ $16, 144. 33 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---___---------------------- 21, 055. 67 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_ -___________ 37, 200. 00 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930__---- -----______________ 159. 74 Net total expenditures_----------------------____ 37, 040.26 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 159. 74 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------_ 37, 200. 00 586 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new w ork ............. ... .. .. .. .. , ... ...... ............. ............. ..... . ... ... Cost of maintenance. _----------------- ------------ $5, 060. 09 $2, 693. 33 ------------ $5, 006. 67 Total expended_.....-------------------__ . _ -5,060.09 2,693. 33 -----.----- 4, 846.93 Allotted--------------------------------------- 2,700.00 3,000.00 $2,000.00 ............ Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 __--__ _____-__________ $5, 006. 67 Gross amount expended_--------________________ __ - 4, 846. 93 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-- - -____----------159. 74 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------------- 159. 74 Amount that can be profitably -expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 __________ __ __ ____ 3, 000. 00 16. KNOBBS CREEK, N. C. Location and description.-Knobbs Creek is a nontidal fresh-water stream emptying into Pasquotank River from the west, about 18 miles above its mouth in Albemarle Sound. It forms a part of the :northerly corporate limit of the municipality of Elizabeth City, N. C. The creek has a length of about 2 miles, and drains an area of about 2 or 3 square miles. Its average width is about 75 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1228.) Original condition.-The channel leading from Pasquotank River into Knobbs Creek has a usable low-water depth of 7.6 feet. The channel in the creek has a minimum width of 60 feet and a controlling depth of 11.8 feet at mean low water, but it is so very crooked and has one such extremely sharp bend that some of the larger boats have difficulty in navigating it. Owing to the narrowness of the channel and the absence of a turning basin, the large lumber barges used on the creek can not be turned around, and must be towed either in or out of the creek stern first. A railway bridge and a highway bridge, with swing draw spans of 35 and 40 feet width, respectively, cross the creek near its mouth. The head of navigation is at the Norfolk Southern Railroad bridge about 6,000 feet above the mouth. Previous projects.--None. Existing projects.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water, from that depth in Pasquotank River to the Nor- folk Southern Railroad bridge, 100 feet wide in Pasquotank River and generally 60 feet wide in the creek, with a turning basin in the sharp bend opposite the plant of the Chesson Manufacturing Co. Being a branch of Pasquotank River, Knobbs Creek is affected by the wind tides which influence that stream and Albemarle Sound. In extreme cases the water rises 4 or 5 feet above mean low water, but the average fluctuation of the water surface is about 1 foot. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1927, is $79,000. The latest (1927) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Dec. No. 102, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 587 Recommnended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The only work done on Knobbs Creek for the benefit of the public with funds supplied by sources other than by Congress was done by the Foreman-Blades Lumber Co., of Eliza- beth City, N. C. Between February and April, 1923, this company had a channel dredged through the obstructions at the mouth of the creek, and also had removed some points which interfered with navigation farther upstream. The dredging at the mouth resulted in a channel about 600 feet long and 60 feet wide with a ruling depth of 7.6 feet at mean low water. The cost of the work was said to be $5,809.50, all of which was borne by the Foreman-Blades Lumber Co. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, in adopting the project for Knobbs Creek, imposed the condition that local interests should furnish, without cost to the United States, all necessary land for the easing of bends and for the turning basin, and shall permit the plac- ing of dredging spoil at satisfactory points along the banks. These conditions have not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-There are eight wharves with an aggregate available frontage of 1,200 or -1,400 linear feet located on Knobbs Creek. These wharves are of open pile or solid fill bulkhead con- struction, and are owned by the various business enterprises which make use of the creek in conducting their business. Physical con- nection between rail and water carriers exists at all of the wharves,. where the Norfolk Southern Railroad tracks extend to them. Some of the wharves are equipped with mechanical devices for handling commodities. The existing wharves are adequate for the present commerce. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 102, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) Effect of improvement.-None. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-See paragraph: Original con- dition. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no operations are proposed during the fiscal year 1931. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-None available. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_________________________ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930____________________------------ Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---- .-------- Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work___------------------------------------------------------------ Cost of maintenance--- Total expended... Allotted.... ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------ Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_ __--------_- -_ $79, 000. 00 588 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 17. MEHERRIN RIVER, N. C. Location and description.-This river rises in Lunenburg County, Va., flows in a southeasterly direction a distance of about 100 miles, and empties into the Chowan River, N. C., at a point about 39 miles above Albemarle Sound, N. C. The portion under improvement ex- tends from its mouth to Murfreesboro, N. C., a distance of 12 miles. Currents are generally feeble. The average width between banks below Murfreesboro is 250 feet. The drainage area is 1,598 square miles. Its discharge at high and low water is not known. (See U. S. Geological Survey, Winton quadrangle, N. C.) Original condition.-The channel was about 80 feet wide and 7 feet deep at mean low water from the mouth of the river to Mur- freesboro, but it was badly obstructed by logs, sunken trees, and shoals. Above Murfreesboro the channel was narrower, more tor- tuous, and the obstructions more numerous and dangerous. The head of navigation was usually considered as being at Murfreesboro, 12 miles above the mouth, but small boats used the river, as at pres- ent, as far as Princeton Landing, 5 miles farther upstream, making a total navigable length of 17 miles. Previous projects.-The original and only previous project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1883. The cost and expenditures under this project were $4,584.53 for new work. For further details of previous project see page 1802 of Annual ReI ort for 1915. I xisting project.-This provides for the removal of shoals, sunken logz, snags, and other obstructions, so as to make the river safely na ingable for vessels of less than 7 feet draft between the mouth and Murfreesboro, a distance of 12 miles. The entire stream is nontidal and, except during freshets, its water surface rises and falls accord- ing as the winds raise or lower the water level of Albemarle Sound. Freshets cause variations of water level of from 3 to 4 feet in the navigable portion of the river. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1907, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, was $6,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 137, 59th Cong. 1st sess.). For latest map see House Document No. 112, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are five small pile wharves, with roughly constructed wooden warehouses, on this river, two of which are at Murfreesboro, N. C., and three between this point and the mouth of the river. All of these wharves are privately owned but are open to general public use on equal terms upon the payment of wharfage. There are no railroad connections with any of the wharves, but ordinary county roads extend to all of the landings. The wharfage facilities are considered adequate for existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation on this stream has been ren- dered easier and safer. It has not been possible to ascertain what effect, if any, the improvement has had on freight rates. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 589 Operations and results during fiscal year.---Maintenance snagging in Meherrin River, N. C., with U. S. derrick barge No. 14, operated by hired labor, was accomplished between December 23, 1929, and March 14, 1930, resulting in the removal of 512 snags, 1,248 logs and piles, 11 stumps, and 151 trees from the channel, while 390 trees were removed from the banks of the river. The material removed was deposited on shore above the high-water stage. The total cost for the fiscal year was $5,017.63, all of which was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $5,017.63. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1908, at a saving of $4,067 under the estimated cost. Logs, snags, trees, and other obstructions have been removed at various times, and there was an available depth of 7 feet at mean low water between Murfreesboro, the head of navigation, and the mouth of the river at the last examination, which was made in March, 1930. The head of navigation has not been effected by the improvement. Boat navigation is practicable throughout the year. The total cost of the existing project at the end of the fiscal year was $23,700, of which $1,932.88 was for new work and $21,767.12 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $23,700. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($4,000), will be applied as follows: Maintenance (dredging and snagging with Government plant): Dredg- ing channel through Darden's bar, about five (5) miles below Mur- freesboro, N. C., and removing sunken logs, snags, overhanging trees, etc., to make the natural depth of the river available for navigation, at such locations and at such times as may be necessary during the fiscal year 1931------------------------------------------- $3, 600 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies ------------------------- 400 Total--------------------- --------------------------- 4, 000 It is not believed that any additional funds can be profitably ex- pended on the improvement during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as it is expected that the work contemplated during the fiscal year 1931 will provide for the needs of navigation for a period of at least two years. Commercial statistics.-The total water-borne tonnage of the river reported for the calendar year 1929 amounted to 5,208 short tons, valued at $132,299. The tonnage was about 29 per cent less and the value about 76 per cent less than in 1928. This was due chiefly to a decrease of 70 per cent in freight carried by a regular line as compared with that carried by the same line in 1928. The above line operates 1 steamer with a draft of 51/2 feet and 1 motor boat with draft of 7 feet making collectively 1 trip per week. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value *1925 1------- ........-------- 25, 667 $989, 396 1928 ------- 7, 383 $396, 689 1926 ........ ..... 11, 806 556, 031 1929 5 5, 208 132, 299 1927 a___ - 12, 879 550, 427 1Includes 3,587 tons of piling in rafts, with value of $13,067. 2 Includes 2,701 tons of piling in rafts, with value of $12,154. 3 Includes 4,245 tons of piling in rafts, with value of $20,897. * Includes 710 tons of piling in rafts, with value of $3,550. I Includes 514 tons of piling in rafts, with value of $7,680. 590 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1930 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $6, 517. 41 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------___________ 21, 767.12 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--_------ 28, 284.53 Net total expenditures--_____------- ---------- ___------ 28, 284. 53 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930__------------- 4, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ________ ___- 32, 284.53 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work . ............. ................... ....... Cost of maintenance.........------ .....----- -- $4, 788. 97 $2,832.24 ----- ............ $5, 017.63 Total expended.-. ..---------------------. .- . 4, 788. 97 2, 832. 24 ------------ 5, 017. 63 Allotted-........_-------- ----------- -- 2,700. 00 3, 000.00 $2,000.00 4,000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------- $5, 017.63 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-------------------------------------------4, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for--------__ ------------------------- 9, 017. 63 Gross amount expended-------------- 5, 017. 63 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_ .......- 4, 000. 00 18. EDENTON HARBOR, N. C. Location and description.-Edenton Harbor is located on the northerly side of Albemarle Sound near its westerly end, and is im- mediately in front of the city of Edenton, which has a population of about 4,500. It consists of a bay about one-half mile wide along the waterfront of the town, about 2.5 miles wide at the mouth, with a depth of about 2 miles. There are no lunar tides. It has two tributaries, Queen Anne Creek and Pembroke Creek, which empty into it from the east and west, respectively, at Edenton. Its drain- age area is about 35 square miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1228.) Original condition.-The depth of water in the bay, for nearly half a mile from the town, did not exceed 8 feet, and in some places was only 6.5 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water over a bottom width of 150 feet between the 12-foot contour in Edenton Bay and the foot of Broad Street, Edenton, a distance of about 4,000 feet, and channels of the same cross-section, leading from the main channel, along the water front to the east and west for distances of about 900 feet and 1,600 feet, respectively. Under ordinary conditions the fluctuation of the water surface is about 1 foot, respectively, above or below mean low water, but under extreme conditions the water may rise as much as 4 or 5 feet above mean low water. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1930 is $80,000. The' latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 18, 1878, provided for a channel 9 feet deep RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 591 and 100 feet wide at an ordinary stage of water over a bottom width of 100 feet entirely across the bar in Edenton Bay, a distance of 2,550 feet, and a turning basin near the wharves at Edenton (Annual Report for 1879, p. 696); the act of July 5, 1884, provided for a channel 9 feet deep at ordinary low water over a bottom width of 150 feet extending from the 9-foot contour in the bay to the wharves at Edenton; a channel 9 feet deep at ordinary low water over a bottom width of 200 feet leading from the main channel westward along the waterfront to the Norfolk Southern Railroad wharf; and a triangular turning basin, of about 8 acres area, at the junction of the two channels (Annual Report for 1884, pp. 1071-1074); and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the present dimensions of the project (H. Doc. No. 772, 69th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest pub- lished maps are found in the Annual Report for 1886, and in the last mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The southern extremity of Broad Street, Edenton, is located on the improved portion of the harbor, at which point are located the municipal or public wharves. These wharves are connected with all the highways entering the town by the city streets, which are of hard-surface construction. The Norfolk South- ern Railroad has excellent wharf and freight terminals on the harbor to which its tracks extend, and where there are adequate facilities for the transfer of freight from boats to cars. The Eastern Cotton Oil Co. and several other concerns have wharves on the water front. All the wharves of the port are of open-pile or solid- fill bulkhead construction. The public wharves are open to public use free of charge, and all the other above-mentioned wharves are open to public use at a nominal charge. Parties interested in the improvement of Edenton Harbor state that there are ample facilities on the harbor for the present commerce and also to take care of a considerable expansion of business. However, there is plenty of space available for additional wharves, should an increase in the business of the port justify their construction. Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been rendered easier, better, and safer, and vessels of greater draft can be used. It has not been practicable to determine the effects, if any, on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was about 29 per cent completed on June 30, 1906. The last new-work dredging was accomplished in 1904. No maintenance dredging has been done on the project. The controlling depth at the' last examination, made in November, 1926, was about 8 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation is at the wharves at Edenton, and this feature has not been affected by the improvement. Boat navigation is practi- cable throughout the year. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is that authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. The total cost of the project at the close of the fiscal year was $23,000, all of which was for new work. The total expenditure was $23,000. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no operations are proposed during the fiscal year 1931. 11714---ENG 1930---38 592 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The traffic reported for the calendar year 1929 amounted to 36,382 short tons, valued at $8,204,007. The above tonnage was about 20 per cent less and the value about 22 per cent less than in 1928, this decrease being due chiefly to a falling off in receipts of logs and cement and shipments of peanuts. All of the regular lines made fewer trips than in 1928, and motor trucks re- placed one boat that carried freight between Edenton and nearby fsheries. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tins Value 1926----------- - 101, 611 $17,311,918 1928---------------------45 461 $10,634,392 1927--------------------- 63, 536 16, 023, 770 1929 --------------------- 3682 8, 204,007 No data available prior to 1926. Cost and financial suwnmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-_------------------__ -- _ $23, 000 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 . ._... Net total expenditures__.----- --- 23, 000 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_-.--- ____-__- 23, 000 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ...... . . . . . .- . . Cost of maintenance..-.....-............-...... -- - -. .-.- -. - -.. -. -- - . Total expended-....... .. . . . . . . .- . .- .- - - . ..- . -- Allotted.................................................................. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------------------------------------- $57,000 19. CASHIE RIVER, N. C. Location and description.--This river, a nontidal stream, rises in Bertie County, near Kelford, N. C., flows in a general southeasterly direction for about 57 miles, to a point where it intersects the thor- oughfare (connecting Cashie and Roanoke Rivers), thence in a northeasterly direction for approximately 7 miles, and empties into the extreme westerly end of Albemarle Sound. The portion under improvement extends from the mouth of the thoroughfare, in Roa- noke River, through the thoroughfare, a distance of 21/2 miles to Cashie River, and thence in Cashie River to Windsor, a distance of 18 miles. The drainage area is about 200 square miles. Original condition.-The channel is about 6 feet deep at mean low water from the mouth in Albemarle Sound to Windsor, N. C., this depth occurring on the bar at the mouth. There is a navigable channel from Roanoke River to Windsor, via the thoroughfare, with a minimum depth of 10 feet at mean low water, and a width of 60 feet, but navigation is hampered by obstructions and short bends. The head of navigation is at Windsor, a distance of about 25 miles from the mouth in Albemarle Sound, and a distance of about 20.5 miles from the mouth of the thoroughfare in Roanoke River. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 593 Previous projects.-None. Ewisting project.-This provides for the removal of logs, snags, and other obstructions between the mouth of the thoroughfare, in Roanoke River, and Windsor. The river is not subject to floods or freshets, but its water surface rises and falls according as the winds raise or lower the water level of Albemarle Sound. The maximum fluctuation of the water surface is about 4 or 5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1927 is $5,000. The latest (1927) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $600. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 779, 69th Cong., 2d sess.). No map of the river has been published. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 in adopting the project for Cashie River, imposed the condition that local interests should furnish without cost to the United States suit- able disposal areas for material removed from the channel, and make arrangements for the cutting of overhanging trees where necessary. This condition has not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-There is one public wharf and 4 or 5 privately owned wharves at Windsor, N. C., and 12 between this point and the thoroughfare. These wharves are small, crudely built, and of open- pile construction. With two or three exceptions, they have no ware- house built on them. Direct physical connection between railroads and water carriers exists only at Windsor, and is provided by he Wellington & Powellsville Railroad, which extends from Windsor to Ahoskie, and there connects with the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad. The facilities on this stream are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 779, 69th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-None. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-See paragraph Original condition. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no operations are proposed during the fiscal year 1931. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-None available. Cost and/financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work............................---.--- Cost of maintenance---- ----------- ------------- Total expended.....--------- ---------------------- Allotted --- ..................------------ .....- . .. . . .. ......... Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project__ _----------------------$5, 000. 00 594 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 20. ROANOKE RIVER, N. C. Location and description.-This stream is formed by the junction of Dan and Staunton Rivers at Clarksville, Va., and flows south- easterly for about 198 miles and empties into the westerly end of Albemarle Sound, N. C. The portion under improvement extends from Weldon, N. C., to the 10-foot contour in Albemarle Sound, a distance of about 129.75 miles. The river has a drainage area of 9,200 square miles, an average low-water discharge of 1,400 second- feet, and an average high-water discharge of 40,000 second-feet. Freshets are violent, but of short duration. Ordinarily the current is moderate. The average width between banks is 330 feet. The stream is nontidal. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1228 and Post Route Map of North Carolina.) Original condition.-The controlling depth from the mouth of the river to Hamilton, N. C., a distance of 62 miles, was 10 feet at mean low water. From Hamilton to Weldon, N. C., a distance of 67 miles, the controlling depth was from 2 to 3 feet at mean low water, but the channel was obstructed by shoals, snags, sunken vessels, and overhanging trees. The head of navigation for all purposes was at Weldon N. C., 129 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 10 feet deep and 150 feet wide between the 10-foot contour in Albemarle Sound and the mouth, a distance of about 0.75 mile; removing obstructions between the mouth and Hamilton, N. C., a distance of 62 miles, so as to furnish a channel adequate for vessels navigating the North Carolina Sounds; and by dredging, snagging, and regu- lation, securing a channel with a least width of 50 feet and a depth of 5 feet between Hamilton and Weldon, N. C., a distance of 67 miles. Depths of channels are referred to mean low water. The rise and fall of the river, resulting from freshets, is from 10 feet to 30 feet for 60 or 70 miles below Weldon, but this fluctuation dimin- ishes toward the mouth, the variations in water level being from 1 foot to 3 feet in the last 15 or 20 miles. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $315,500. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1871, provided for the improve- ment of the river between the mouth and Weldon (S. ex. Doc. No. 23, 42d Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1872, p. 726); and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the entrance channel (H. Doc. No. 211, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published maps see page 1110, Annual Report for 1890, and House Document No. 211, Seventieth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are nine wharves at Plymouth, N. C., and two between this point and the head of navigation, all of which are of the open pile work or bulkhead type, with warehouses. There are also about 20 warehouses between the mouth of the*river and the head of navigation. All of the wharves and landings are privately RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 595 owned, except one of the wharves at Plymouth, which is publicly owned. All are open to general public use on equal terms, except three of the wharves at Plymouth, which are private wharves. Di- rect physical connection between railroads and water carriers exists only at Plymouth, where the Norfolk Southern Railroad tracks extend to the company's wharf. The Atlantic Coast Line also enters Plymouth and has indirect rail connection with the Norfolk Southern water terminals. Ordinary county roads, the condition of which varies with the season of the year, lead to all landings. The facili- ties on this stream are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Dec. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been rendered easier and safer. It has not been practicable to determine the effect, if any, of the improvement on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance snagging, with U. S. derrick barge No. 14, operated by hired labor, was accom- plished between September 28 and December 18, 1929. The river was worked over between a point about 4 miles upstream from James- ville, N. C., to Hamilton, a distance of about 35 miles upstream, and resulted in the removal of 354 snags, 21 logs, 1 stump, and 227 trees from the channel, while 1,419 trees were removed from the banks of the river. The material removed was deposited on shore above the high-water stage. The total cost for the fiscal year was $5,409.11, all of which was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $5,409.11. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 72 per cent completeu, the new work accomplished representing the removal of wrecks and Civil War obstructions at the mouth, and the removal of shoals, logs, and snags between the mouth and a point about 5 miles below Weldon. This work was carried on intermittently between 1871 and 1905, since which latter date new work has been suspended. The controlling depths at the last examinations, made in January, 1928, as to the Albemarle Sound section, and December, 1929, as to the river section, were as follows: Between the 10-foot contour in Albemarle Sound and the mouth of the river, a distance of about 0.75 mile, 3.5 feet; and between the mouth and Hamilton, a distance of 62 miles, 10 feet. No examination was made of the section of river between Hamilton and Weldon, which, when new work was suspended in 1905, had a controlling depth of 3 feet to a point 2 miles below Weldon, a distance of 65 miles. No work of any description has been done on this section for at least 20 years, and it is not known that it is used for navigation purposes above Palmyra, located about 15 miles above Hamilton. Palmyra and vicinity are the sources of a considerable traffic in rafted logs which are towed by launches drawing about 4 feet. The head of navigation is at Weldon, and this feature has not been affected by the improvement. Boat naviga- tion between the mouth and Palmyra is practicable throughout the year. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is dredging a channel 10 feet deep over a bottom width of 150 feet between the 596 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 10-foot contour in Albemarle Sound and the mouth of the river, a distance of about 0.75 mile, involving the removal and disposal of about 84,600 cubic yards, place measurement; and by dredging, snag- ging, and regulation providing a channel 5 feet deep over a least bottom width of 50 feet between Hamilton and Weldon, a distance of 67 miles. The total cost of the existing project at the end of the fiscal year was $264,060.45, of which $227,074.12 was for new work and $36,986.33 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $264,060.45. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended on June 30, 1930 ($6,590.89), will be applied as follows: Maintenance (dredging and snagging with Government plant): Dredging sand bars between the mouth and Hamilton, N. C.; and removing sunken logs, snags, overhanging trees, etc., to make the natural depth of the river available for navigation, at such locations, and at such times as may be necessary during the fiscal year 1931 ---------------------------------------------- 5, 930. 89 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies----------------------660. 00 Total ------ , 590. 89 6------------------------- The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 ($51,500), will be applied as follows: New work (by contract or with Government plant): Dredging a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water over a bottom width of 150 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 3 and an allowable overdepth of 1 foot on the bottom width, between the 10-foot contour in Albemarle Sound and the mouth, a distance of about 0.75 mile, 84,580 cubic yards, place measurement, at 50 cents)------------$42, 290. 00 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies--------------------- 4, 210. 00 Total__ --------------------------------------------- 46, 500. 00 Maintenance (dredging and snagging with Government plant: Dredging and snagging to make the natural depth of the channel available for navigation at such locations as may be required) --------------------- $4, 500. 00 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies------------ 500. 00 5, 000. 00 Total ---------------------------------------------- 51, 500. 00 It is intended doing maintenance work every other year, rather than expending a less amount each year, since it is believed that this method will be more economical. Commercial statistics.-The tonnage of water-borne traffic, as re- ported for the calendar year 1929, amounted to 134,647 short tons, valued at $2,596,905. The above tonnage was 21 per cent less than in 1928 and the value 35 per cent less. These decreases were due to a falling off in shipments of forest products and package freight, the latter showing a decrease of 33 per cent. There was a consider- able increase in barge traffic, consisting of fertilizer, logs, and cement. One boat line discontinued plying on the river the early part of 1929. There were two lines operating small motor boats on the river during 1929, each making two round trips per week. Forest products and fertilizer were carried on barges with drafts of 8/2 to 11 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 597 Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1925 1...-------........... 130, 479 $1, 333, 095 1928 4--------------------................ 170, 094 $4, 048, 566 1926 2 ------- 111,821 1, 194,381 1929 ------...................... 134,647 2,596,905 1927 --------------------....... 158, 041 2, 456, 350 1 Includes 83,725 tons of rafted logs, valued at $190,000. 2 Includes 57,000 tons of rafted logs, valued at $162,500. 3 Includes 95,000 tons of rafted logs, valued at $272,000. 4 Inclules 93,832 tons of rafted logs, valued at $272,646, and 2,267 tons rafted piling, valued at $11,135. 6Includes 42,000 tons of rafted logs, valued at $126,000. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ ------------------------ $227, 074.12 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 36, 986.33 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------264, 060. 45 Net total expenditures ------------------------------------ 264, 060.45 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---- -- ------ - , 590. 89 6------ Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------270, 651.34 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------------------..........------------------------------------------------............ Cost of maintenance.._------------------- $4, 813. 37 $416.08 $4, 706.28 --. ''".---. ' $5, 409. 11 Total expended..------------------------ 4, 813. 37 416. 08 4,706. 28 ------------ 5, 409. 11 Allotted._ .. ..--------------------------------------- 2, 700. 00 4,951.34 $3,000. 00 6, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ---------------------------- $6, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 , 000. 00 6------------------------- Amount to be accounted for 12, 000. 00 Gross amount expended--------- -------------------------- 5, 409. 11 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 6,590. 89 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1----------------- 88, 400. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- - --- - -- - -- - -- -- - - 46,500. 00 For mantenance 1- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- 5, 000.00 ---- -- -- - -- - - Total 1 - ---- -- - - - - - - - - - - - ----- --- ---- 51, 500.00 21. SCUPPERNONG RIVER, N. C. Location and description.-The river rises in the center of a pen- insula between Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds. It flows in a general northerly direction, making a long bend eastward to the town of Columbia, then turning westward again until it flows into Albemarle Sound. Its length is about 30 miles, and its drainage area is about 182 square miles. There are no lunar tides. The cur- rent is sluggish, the fall per mile being very small. The width of the stream between Columbia and the mouth varies from 60 feet to SExclusive of available funds. 598 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 3,000 feet. The discharge of this stream depends on prevailing winds and is impossible to measure. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1228.) Original condition.-There was a depth of about 5 feet at mean low water across the bar at the mouth. The upper portion was ob- structed by logs, snags, stumps, overhanging growth, and by abrupt bends. Spruills Bridge was the head of navigation for steamers- 23 miles from mouth. Logging and rafting could be carried 1 mile farther. Previous projects.-The previous projects for this improvement were adopted by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1879, and June 13, 1902. The cost and expenditures thereunder were $21,- 248.68 for new work, and $13,061.56 for maintenance, a total of $34,310.24. For further details of previous projects see page 1802 of Annual Report for 1918. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep and 150 feet wide on bottom across the bar; thence 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide on bottom up to and in front of the town of Columbia; thence 8 feet deep and 40 feet wide on bottom to Spruills Bridge near Creswell, including six cut-offs; thence 7 feet deep and 30 feet wide on bottom to the highway bridge near Cherry; and a turning basin 7 feet deep, of a triangular form 150 feet wide on a side, near Cherry Bridge at the mouth of Mauls Creek. The plane of reference is mean low water. This is a nontidal stream, the oscillations of the surface being controlled by the winds, which cause ordinary variations of 1 foot. The extreme range of wind tides is 5.1 feet, as determined by one year's tide-gage read- ings. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1925 was $59,000, exclusive of amount expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 1196, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recomiiended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The wharves on the portion of this river under improvement number 27, of which 9 are below Columbia, 12 at Columbia, 4 near Cross Landing, and 2 at Spruills Bridge. They are all of timber construction with pile foundation, and generally have plank decking. They have a frontage varying from 3 to 286 feet, the total frontage being 1,530 feet. All are private and, except those pertaining solely to the lumber interests, are open to all water carriers free of charge. The existing facilities are considered ade- quate for the present commerce. (For a full description of-terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has had the effect of reducing freight rates and enabling deeper-draft vessels to use the river. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging with Government plant U. S. pipe-line dredge Pullen was accom- plished between January 25, 1930, and February 4, 1930, in the bar at the mouth, and in the channel of Scuppernong River below the town of Columbia, removing therefrom 35,434 cubic yards of mate- rial and thereby restoring to the project depth of 10 feet at mean low RIVERS AND HARBORS NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 599 water, 2,500 linear feet of channel over a bottom width of 150 feet, and 1,350 linear feet of channel over a bottom width of 100 feet. The total cost for the fiscal year was $9,357.44, all of which was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $9,357.44. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in August, 1925, resulting in channels having depths at mean low water and bottom widths as follows: Across the bar at the mouth, 10 feet deep and 150 feet wide; from the bar to the town of Columbia, 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide; from Columbia to Spruills Bridge, a distance of 121/2 miles, 8 feet deep ands 40 feet wide; from Spruills Bridge to Cherry, a distance of 21 miles, 7 feet deep and 30 feet wide; and a turning basin, at the mouth of Mauls Creek, near Cherry, triangular in shape, 150 feet on a side and 7 feet deep, having an area of 9,740 square feet. The head of navigation is at Cherry and has not been affected by the improvement. Boat navigation is practi- cable throughout the year. The total cost of the existing project at the end of the fiscal year was $74,161.93, of which $59,914.95 was for new work and $14,246.98 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $74,161.93. Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, ($5,642.56), will be applied as follows: Maintenance (snagging with Government plant) : Removal of sunken logs, snags, overhanging trees, etc., to make the natural depth of the river available for navigation, at such locations and at such times as may be necessary during the fiscal year 1931------------ $5, 078. 30 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies -------------------- 564. 26 Total------------- ----- ---------------------- 5, 642. 56 It is not believed that any additional funds can be profitably ex- pended on the improvement during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as it is expected that the maintenance work contemplated dur- ing the fiscal year 1931 will provide for the needs of navigation for a period of at least two years. Commercial statistics.-Theriver's traffic reported for the calendar year 1929 amounted to 7,552 tons, valued at $112,999. The above tonnage was about 42 per cent greater than in 1928 and the value about 30 per cent less. There was an increase in shipments of forest products, and a decrease in packet freight, the latter being due to the fact that two boat lines that operated on the river in 1928 were discontinued the latter part of that same year. The chief com- modities upbound were petroleum products and general merchandise; downbound, forest products. Package freight was carried by one small motor boat which plied triweekly between Columbia and Elizabeth City from June 30 to December 31, 1929. Comparative statement Calendaryear Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1925 ......... 5,721 850 $493, 497 1928_____-- 5,295 $162, 068 75 1926 ........ 3,811 267,600 307 1929 ..... 7, 552 112, 999 150 1927.......... 4,566 134,572 137 600 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930______________________________ $81, 163. 63 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_____--------------------------27,308.54 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 19301__________ 108, 472. 17 Net total expenditures_--- __---------- 108, 472.17 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------------ 5, 642. 56 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 14, 114. 73 1________________ Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.---.--.......---.--- $10,172. 47 Cost of maintenance__________ -.-............--------- __________ $4, 463. 02 .......------------. --$9, 357. 44 Total expended_...- .....--..-. . --.-. --. . 10, 172. 47 ------------ 4,720. 75 -$257. 73 9, 357. 44 Ilotted-------------------------............................................--------. $2, 700. 00 3, 000.00 2, 500. 00 10, 177. 53 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 __---- ______--------------_-- $4, 822.47 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928_----------------------------- $10, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--------------------- --------- 5, 000. 00 15, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for ---------------------------- 19, 822. 47 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment ----------------- 4, 822. 47 Net amount to be accounted for 000. 00 1-------------------------5 Gross amount expended-- ----------------------------------- 9, 357. 44 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 5, 642. 56 22. MANTEO (SHALLOWBAG) BAY, N. C. Location and description.--Manteo Bay or Shallowbag Bay, formed by a natural indentation of the shore line, is situated on the northeastern side of Roanoke Island, N. C. Elizabeth City, N. C., the nearest town, is 45 miles to the northwest, and Norfolk, Va., lies 90 miles north by west. The length and width of the bay are very small, being about a mile wide by 11/4 miles long. The bay is nontidal; variations in the water level are due to winds. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1229.) Original condition.--About 5 feet was the maximum draft that could be carried into the bay at mean low water. Manteo was the head of navigation, 1 mile from entrance. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water from the entrance to the town of Manteo, 1 mile. The variations of the water surface are due to winds, such variations seldom exceeding 1 or 2 feet higher or lower than the mean stage. The extreme range of wind tides is 5.1 feet, as determined by one year's tide-gage readings at Manteo. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, was $13,750. The latest (1908) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $2,000. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25 1910 (H. Doc. No. 906, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifcations of project.--None. Local cooperation.--None. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 601 Terminal facilities.-The wharves on the portion of this harbor under improvement number 17. All but one are of timber construc- tion with pile foundation. They have a frontage varying from 40 to 120 feet, the total frontage being 1,060 feet. All are private and all but two are open to all water carriers free of charge. The ex- isting facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652 6th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has had the effect of allowing larger and safer boats to use this bay. It has, however, had no effect on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging with Government plant U. S. pipe-line dredge Pullen was accom- plished in Manteo (Shallowbag) Bay, between July 25 and Septem- ber 9, 1929, resulting in the removal of 104,554 cubic yards of mate- rial, thereby restoring 16,721 linear feet of channel to the project dimensions of 6 feet deep at mean low water over a bottom width of 100 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 3. The total cost for the fiscal year was $23,399.09, all of which was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $23,399.09. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1911. The controlling depth in September, 1929, when the last examination was made, was 6 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation, at Manteo, has not been affected by the improvement. Boat navigation is practicable throughout the year. The total cost of the existing project at the end of the fiscal year was $48,850, of which $10,503.18 was for new work and $38,346.82 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $48,850. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available. It is not believed that any funds can be profitably expended on this improvement during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as it is expected that the maintenance work accomplished during fiscal year 1930, will provide for the needs of navigation for a period of at least two years. Commercial statistics.-The total water-borne commerce pertain- ing to Manteo (Shallowbag) Bay, N. C., reported for the calendar year 1929, amounted to 38,515 short tons, 79 per cent of which was sand and gravel for road construction on Roanoke Island. The amount of package freight carried during 1929 was 53 per cent less than that carried in 1928. This decrease was due chiefly to motor truck lines operating in and out of Manteo. The chief commodities inbound were sand and gravel, petroleum products, and vegetable food products. The chief outbound commodity was fish. Package freight was carried in motor vessels, drawing from 6 to 8 feet, and sand and gravel on scows drawing about 5 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1925.......... 14, 135 $1, 513, 965 12, 298 1928_-.--..... 27, 213 $1, 509, 446 118, 786 1926 .......... 12, 386 1, 179, 690 9, 256 1929---...... 38, 515 695, 148 1 10, 948 1927.......... 28, 324 1,566,626 6, 891 1Includes ferry passengers. 602 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__--------------- $10, 503. 18 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------- ___- 38, 346. 82 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_-.... ____ 48, 850. 00 Net total expenditures------------ ------------------------ 48, 850.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ____________ 48, 850. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ...------------------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance.-_----------------. __.. -- _____-- ___-__ $1, 279.06 ..--------- $23, 39. 09 Total expended. ------------------------------------------- 1, 279. 06 ---------- 23, 399. 09 Allotted ...............-------------------- ---------------------------------....... .. .. $10, 000. 00 7, 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_---------------------------- $15, 899.09 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929 -------------------------------------------- 7, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for________________________------- 23, 399. 09 Gross amount expended__ _________ 23. 399. 09 23. MACKAY CREEK, N. C. Location and description.-Mackay (Mackeys) Creek has a total length of about 20 miles, and drains an area of about 100 square miles lying wholly within Washington County, N. C. Its source is in a swamp about 10 miles southeast of Plymouth, N. C., from which it flows in a generally northerly direction and empties into Albe- marle Sound at a point about 5 miles east of the mouth of Roanoke River. Original condition.-A bar at the mouth of the creek limited the usable low-water depth to about 4 or 5 feet, and the channel for a distance of about 1,000 feet was narrow and unfavorably situated. From the bar to the first bridge (a highway bridge with a draw span), about one-half mile above the mouth, the stream was about 180 feet wide and 15 feet deep at low water, with banks rising from 2 to 4 feet above the low-water plane. From the first bridge upstream to the second bridge (a railroad bridge without a draw span), a dis- tance of about 9 miles by water and 4 miles by land, the creek varied from about 180 to 90 feet in width and from 20 to 12 feet in depth, with swampy banks having very little elevation above the low-water plane. From the second bridge upstream to the third bridge (a highway bridge without a draw span), a distance of about 3 miles by water and half a mile by land, the stream varied from about 90 to 30 feet in width and from 12 to 3 feet in depth, and was too crooked to be of advantageous use for navigation. At the third bridge (Lees Mill) the stream was crossed by a dam with a considerable fall of water, which limited navigation from Albemarle Sound. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of a channel 9 feet deep at low water over a bottom width of 100 feet across the bar at the mouth of the creek, a distance of about 2,200 feet; and for the removal of obstructions between the sound and Mackeys, a RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 603 distance of about five-eighths mile. The tides in the creek, as in Albemarle Sound, are due almost entirely to winds alone, and cause variations in water surface at the mouth amounting to 1 foot or 1.5 feet above or below the low water plane. The influence of such tides is noticeable as far upstream as the third bridge, a distance of about 12.5 miles from the mouth. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1927, is $13,375. There is no approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for dredging the channel across the bar at the mouth of the creek (Annual Report for 1889, p. 1137); and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the removal of obstructions from the creek between the sound and the town of Mackeys (H. Doc. No. 775, 69th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.--The principal wharf on the creek is located at the town of Mackeys and is under control of the Edenton- Mackeys Ferry Co. There are five or six privately owned fishing and logging .wharves located upstream from Mackeys, which are crudely built and of open-pile construction. None of the wharves is equipped with any mechanical means for loading and discharg- ing cargoes. All wharves are connected to the highways of the locality and are open to the public on payment of a nominal sum for wharfage. The existing wharves are adequate for the present commerce, and plenty of space is available for construction of addi- tional wharves if they should be needed. Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been rendered easier and safer. It has not been practicable to determine the effect, if any, of the improvement on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. There was no cost or expenditure connected with this improvement during the fiscal year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is estimated to be about 92 per cent completed. Dredging operations completed in 1893 resulted in a channel 9 feet deep at low water over a bottom width of 140 feet across the bar at the mouth, in Albemarle Sound, a distance of about 2,200 feet. The channel was dredged 140 feet in width, instead of 100 feet as provided for in the existing project, in order to facilitate the towing of flatboats or scows alongside the dredging plant. Sunken logs, snags, and trees have been removed, and some dredging has been done since, and there was an available depth of 9 feet at low water between the outer end of the dredged channel and Mackeys, a distance of about 1 mile, at the last ex- amination, which was made in January, 1929. The head of navi- gation is at Roper, N. C., a distance of about 6.5 miles above the mouth, and this feature has not been affected by the improvement. Boat navigation is practicable throughout the year. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the re- moval of obstructions between the sound and Mackeys as authorized by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930. 604 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The total cost of the existing project at the end of the fiscal year was $15,873.56, of which $12,274.60 was for new work and $3,598.96 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $15,873.56. Proposed operations.--There are no funds available. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, ($1,100), will be applied to removal of obstructions from the channel as authorized by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for 1929 amounted to 2,150 tons valued at $385,840. The above tonnage was about 70 per cent greater than in 1928. This freight was carried by ferries drawing 61/2 feet of water operated by the Edenton-Mackeys Ferry Co., across Albemarle Sound, a distance of 9 miles. This company also carried 9,453 automobiles during 1929. No other traffic on the creek was reported for the calendar year 1929. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers ---------------------------------------------- 1927--................-------- 719 $5,757 13,651 1928-----------................---------------------------------------------------- 600 , 4, 800 12, 845 1929..........--------------------------------------------------------------- 2, 150 385, 840 14, 531 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------------- $12, 274. 60 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------------- 3, 598. 96 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------- --- 15, 873. 56 Net total expenditures-----------1--------------------------- 5, 873. 56 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------------ 15, 873. 56 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance-------------- ---------------------- ----------- $1, 165. 27 _--...... Total expended .................. ---------------- ---------------------------------- 1,165. 27 Allotted ...............--------...----- - ------------------ - 1,800.00 -$634. 73 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 $634. 73 ---------------------------------- Deductions on account of revocation of allotment.------------------ 634. 73 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------- ------------- --------------- 1, 100. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for new work----- ----------------------------- 1, 100. 00 24. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL). Operations under this heading comprise the making of pre- liminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Con- gress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Dec. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood-control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 605 harbor-line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges in- curred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the fiscal year amounted to $47,949.36; the expenditure was $47,831.06. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ($12,483.28), will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses in- curred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $13,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial simmary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ ___--------__------------ $66, 561. 60 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930.-------------------------- 762. 32 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930----------------------- 67, 323. 92 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930---------------------------- 4,907. 20 Net total expenditures---------- -------------------- 62, 416.72 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ ----- --- 12, 483. 28 ___------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 74, 900. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....------------------------------------------------------------------------ _ _.... Cost of maintenance...____ _._------- -__ _----- . . ... .......... $18, 612. 24 $47, 949. 36 Total expended..--------------------------------------- ------------------- 14, 585. 66 47, 831. 06 ------------ Allotted...----------...........----------------------------..................... $7, 000. 00 27, 120. 00 40, 780. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929- - ------_--------------- $19, 534.34 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved February 28, 1929 ---------------- $28, 780. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930_-____------ - ----- 12,000. 00 40, 780. 00 Amount to be accounted for-------- ------------------ 60,314. 34 Gross amount expended--------------------------------- 47, 831.06 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 --------------------- 12, 483.28 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---__---------------------- 4, 907.20 Balance available June 30, 1930____------------------------ 7, 576. 08 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------------------- 762. 32 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--------------- 8, 338. 40 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June --- --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - 30, 1932, for maintenance -- 13, 500. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SUREYS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED MARCH 3, 1925, AND JANUARY 21, 1927, AND THE ACT OF FEBRUARY 12, 1929 Reports on preliminary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor acts approved March 3, 1925, and January 21, 1927, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted 1 Exclusive of available funds. 606 REPORT OF OHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were trans- mitted to Congress and printed in documents as indicated: 1. Preliminary eaamrination and survey of Pungoteague, Nandua, and Occohmanock Creeks, Va.-Reports dated April 26, 1926, August 26, 1927, September 15, 1927, and October 3, 1927, are printed in House Document No. 165, Seventy-first Congress, second session. A plan of improvement is presented for Occohannock Creek, Va., so as to provide for a channel 9 feet deep and 100 feet wide through the bar at the mouth, at an estimated cost of $17,000, with $1,500 annually for maintenance. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project for Nandua Creek, Va., so as to provide for a channel 9 feet deep and 100 feet wide through the bar at the mouth, at an estimated cost of $2,000, with $500 annually for maintenance. A actory channel already exists in Pungoteague Creek, Va. 2.Prelimnry ewamination and survey o Jame iver, Va.- Reports ateJuly , and INovembr 30 1929 wit maps, are printed in House Document No. 314 Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 25 feet deep and generally 300 feet wide between the mouth and Hopewell, and for a channel 25 feet deep and generally 200 feet wide between Hopewell and a point 3.8 miles below the lock gates at Richmond, including cut-offs across Turkey Island, Jones Neck, Dutch Gap, and Aiken Swamp, and for a channel 18 feet deep and generally 200 feet wide to the Richmond lock gates, at an estimated cost of $4,555,000, with $100,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. Reports on preliminary examinations required by the act of Feb- ruary 12, 1929, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress, but have not yet been printed: 1. Preliminary examination of Staunton, Roanoke, and Dan Rivers, Va., and N. C., with a view to the control of its floods.- Report dated October 31, 1929, was transmitted to Congress De- cember 17, 1929. No special survey is deemed advisable at the pres- ent time under the authorization contained in the act of February 12, 1929. There is, however, a survey of the Roanoke-Staunton River system in progress, under the provisions of House Document No. 308, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session, covering navigation, .d control, power development, and irrigation. /. Preliminary examination of James River, Va., with a view to the control of its floods.-Report dated October 31, 1929, with maps, was transmitted to Congress April 2, 1930. No special survey is deemed advisable at the present time under the authorization con- tained in thP f February 12, 1929. There is, however, a survey of the ive in progress under the provisions of House Docu- menet 3o. 3 ixty-ninth Congress, first session, covering naviga- tion, floo trol, power development, and irrigation. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making ther preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the rNfer and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 607 1. The Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River, Norfolk Harbor, Va. 2. Paradise Creek, Portsmouth, Va. 3. Lafayette River, Vag 4. Blackwater Creek, Va. 5. Hampton Creek, Va. 6. Deep Creek, Warwick County, Va. 7. Cape Charle Harbor, Northampton County, Va. 8. Channel from Phoebus, Va., to deep water in Hampton Roads. 9. The locks at Lake Drummond, Norfolk County, Va., with a view to their renewal. 10. Waterway from Norfolk, Va., to the sounds of North Carolina, including the Dismal Swamp Canal. 11. Shallowlbag Bay, N. C. 12. Section of any canal from Fairfield, N. C., to the intersection of said canal with the inland waterway between Alligator and Pungo Rivers, with a view to its acquisition by the United States. REPORT MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE UNITED STATES SENATE By resolution dated February 11, 1926, a review of reports on the Inland Waterway from Norfolk, Va., to Beaufort Inlet, N. C. (con- struction of a lock to prevent salt water from passing through the waterway into the waters of Currituck Sound and Back Bay), printed in House Document No. 391, Sixty-second Congress, second session, and the reports submitted to the chairman of the Rivers and Harbors Committee, House of Representatives, by the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, with his letter dated July 21, 1922, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee and printed in the Senate Document No. 23, Seventy-first Congress, first session. Certain recommendations are made with a view to Improvement of this locality. If Congress authorizes the construction of a lock, it will cost $728,000, with $18,000 annually for operation and maintenance, subject to the provision that local interests contribute $200,000 to the cost. By resolution of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, House of Representatives, dated January 25, 1930, a review of prior reports on the Inland Waterway from Norfolk, Va., to Beaufort Inlet, N. C., regarding the construction of a section between Bay River and Neuse River via Trent River and Smith Creek, or such other route as proves to be the most feasible and advantageous, is requested, and report will be submitted as soon as practicable. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT This district includes river and harbor improvements in central and eastern North Carolina from Pamlico River to Shallotte River, N. C., near the State line, embracing the watersheds of all rivers in North Carolina within the limits stated and also that portion of the 11714--ENG 1930--39 608 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 intracoastal waterway between Norfolk, Va., and Beaufort Inlet, N. C., south of Neuse River, N. C. District engineer: Maj. W. A. Snow, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Lieut. Col. Henry C. Jewett, Corps of Engi- neers, to October 27, 1929, Col. Harley B. Ferguson, Corps of Engi- neers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Waterway connecting Swan 18. Intracoastal waterway, Cape Quarter Bay with Deep Fear River, N. C., to Win- Bay, N. C_------------- 608 yah Bay, S. C 643 2. Belhaven Harbor, N. C_- .. 610 19. Harbor at Morehead City, 3. Far Creek, N. C---------- 611 N. C- 644 4. Pamlico and Tar Rivers, 20. Beaufort Inlet, N. C- .... 647 N. C------------------__-- 612 21. Harbor of Refuge at Cape 5. Fishing Creek, N. C_ 616 Lookout, N. C_---_---- 649 6. South River, N. C__ 616 22. Cape Fear River, N. C., at 7. Bay River, N. C__ __ 617 and below Wilmington-__ 651 8. Silver Lake Harbor, N. C_- 618 23. Cape Fear River, N. C., 9. Neuse River, N. C ...... 619 above Wilmington __.. 656 10. Smiths Creek, N. C- ..... 622 24. Northeast (Cape Fear) 11. Swift Creek, N. C-------- 623 River, N. C- 660 12. Contentnea Creek, N. C ___ 625 25. Black River, N. C ....... 663 13. Trent River, N. C .__,,_. 627 26. Operating and care of Locks 14. Channel connecting Thor- and Dams Nos. 1 and 2, oughfare Bay with Cedar Cape Fear River, N. C__ 665 Bay, N. C------ 630 27. Shallotte River, N. C-.... 666 15. Harbor at Beaufort, N. C__ 632 28. Examinations, surveys, and 16. Waterway connecting Core contingencies (general) __ 668 Sound and Beaufort Har- bor, N. C-__ - 635 17. Inland waterway, Beaufort' to Cape Fear River, N. C., including waterway to Jacksonville, N. C----- - 637 1. WATERWAY CONNECTING SWAN QUARTER BAY WITH DEEP BAY, N. C. Location and description.--This waterway is a cut 5,500 feet long through the narrow neck of marshland just west of Swan Quarter Bay, on the north side of Pamlico Sound, near the mouth of Pamlico River. Washington, N. C., is 45 miles westerly on Pamlico River and Belhaven, N. C., is 25 miles northwesterly on Pungo River. There is no lunar tide in this locality. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1231.) Original condition.-A small cut, having a minimum width of 25 feet and a minimum depth of 2 feet at mean low water and about 0.6 of a mile long, existed. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for securing by dredging a chan- nel 5,500 feet long, 50 feet wide at the bottom, and 6 feet deep at mean low water. Variations in the water surface due to winds seldom exceed 1 or 2 feet above or below mean stage. From observa- tions covering a period of four years the extreme range of wind tides is 8.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1907, was $14,575. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $600. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 609 This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 445, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest printed map see page 1734 of the Annual Report for 1912. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.-There are no wharves along this waterway and none are needed. Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to provide a safer and shorter route between Swan Quarter and Pamlico River points and has lessened water freight rates. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No work was done during the year and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal yearr.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1911 at a saving of $6,024 under the estimated cost. At the close of the fiscal year there was a channel throughout the water- way 6 feet deep at mean low water and 50 feet wide at the bottom. The total cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1930, was $8,550.98 for new work and $10,433.40 for maintenance, a total of $18,984.38. The total expenditures under the existing proj- ect to June 30, 1930, were $18,984.38. Proposed operations.-No funds are on hand, and no work is pro- posed during the fiscal years ending June 30, 1931 and 1932, as it is not thought that any dredging will be required. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 7,221 tons, valued at $476,967, all of which passed over the im- proved sections in gas and sail boats drawing from 3 to 5 feet. The principal items were grain, fertilizer, and oysters. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improve- ment. One boat line was established and one abandoned during the year. The increase in tonnage was due to increased shipments of fertilizer, grain, and oysters. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925---------- 4, 400 $424, 257 200 1928----------5,327 $588, 438 100 1926 ----------....... 11,535 708, 668 200 1929----------.......... 7, 221 476, 967 None. 1927---------- 6,181 592,026 100 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------- -------- $8, 550. 98 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------- ---------------- 10, 433. 40 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 18,984.38 Net total expenditures---..-------------------------------- 18,984. 38 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- 18,984.38 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 -- .---- Cost ofnew work .. Cost of maintenance - - - - - - - - - - - ----------------------------- -- - - ------ $1,405.90 - - -- $2.72------------ - - - - - - Total expended ........ .....------------ .........--------------------- 1,405. 90 -86. 28 - .. Allotted -------..........-------. -.- . - 500.00 2, -89.00 ----- ..... --$1,091 3& Balance unexpended July 1,1929__ . ---- $1, 091.38 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-------------- 1, 091.38 610 'REPORT OF C.IEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 2. BELHAVEN HARBOR, N. C. Location and descripton.-The town of Belhaven is located at the junction of Pantego Creek and Pungo River, about 11 miles above the mouth of the latter. The harbor consists of the lower reaches of Pantego Creek, and is about 6,000 feet long. Pungo River forms part of the Inland Waterway from Norfolk to Beaufort, Norfolk being 130 miles north of Belhaven, and Beaufort 66 miles south. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1231.) Original condition.-Pantego Creek is about mile wide at this point, with a mean low water depth of 11 feet at the mouth, decreas- ing to 8 feet at the highway bridge 1 miles above. The deep water channels were about 1,000 feet from the shore. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide, extending from deep water in Pungo River to a point about 800 feet east of the highway bridge, with a turning basin 800 feet long and 300 feet wide at the upper end. It is a nontidal stream with little slope. Variations in the water surface, due to winds, seldom exceed 2 feet above or below mean stage. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1927, is $55,000. The latest (1927) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. This project was authorized by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 778, 69th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is contained in this document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, required that local interests give satisfactory assurance that they will provide a suitable public terminal, under plans to be approved by the Chief of Engineers. This condition has not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-There are 10 wharves along the town water front, all of timber construction. They have a frontage varying from 16 to 130 feet, the total frontage being about 576 feet, with a usable berthage space of about 3,000 feet. One is owned by the town and is open to use by all without charge; four have rail con- nections. The city wharf has no rail connection and is inadequate in size. A new public wharf with a frontage of about 400 feet ana having rail connection is needed. Effect of imnprovement.-No work has been done under the exist- ing project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done under the project. Pantego Creek is about 1/2 mile wide at this point, with a mean low-water depth of 11 feet at the mouth, decreasing to 8 feet at the highway bridge 1 miles above. The deep-water channels were about 1,000 feet from the shore. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is pro- posed during the year ending June 30, 1931. No funds are recommended for expenditure during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as the relative desirability of the improvement RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 611 in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postpone- ment of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The latest statistics available are those for 1926, which show a total commerce of 54,516 tons, valued at $2,674,- 780. The principal imports were timber, lumber, and groceries; with exports of box shooks, lumber, and coal. Timber is rafted and towed by tugs of 5 to 8 feet draft; lumber and coal are handled on scows of 4 to 6 feet draft; box shooks are shipped in barges of 8 to 10. feet draft; and groceries carried in gas boats of 4 to 8 feet draft. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_________________-------- ----------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_________ ----------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------------------------- --------------- $55, 000. 00 3. FAR CREEK, N. C. Location and description.-FarCreek is located in Hyde County, N. C., and flows in an easterly direction into Pamlico Sound at a point about 95 miles south of Norfolk, Va. The distance from the highway bridge at Engelhard to the 7-foot contour in Pamlico Sound is about 21/4 miles. The width increases from 50 feet at the bridge and through the first half mile below to some 1,200 feet, where it enters a small bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1232.) Original condition.-A depth of about 3 feet at mean low water was available in the creek for the first half mile below the highway bridge, the head of navigation, thence the same depth was available for another half mile through a narrow circuitous channel in the soft mud at the head of the bay, from which point the depth increases gradually. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide from Pamlico Sound to a point about 200 feet below the highway bridge at Engelhard, with a turn- ing basin at the head. There is some lunar tide in Pamlico Sound, but the principal variations in the level of the water surface are due to winds. Ordinary winds cause a variation of about 1 foot, while severe storms will double or triple this variation. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1929, is $30,000. The latest (1929) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The project was authorized by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 112, 71st Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is contained in this document. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, provides that local interests shall furnish all necessary rights of way and areas for the disposal of dredged material. This condition has not been complied with. 612 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Terminal facilities.-There is one wharf and warehouse at the public road on the south side of the creek, two others immediately below this, and one about one-fourth mile farther down. All are small inexpensive wooden structures on light pile foundations. An additional public wharf is needed. Effect of improvement.-No work has been done under the existing project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done under the existing project. A depth of about 3 feet at mean low water was available in the creek for the first half mile below the highway bridge, the head of navigation, thence the same depth was available for another half mile through a narrow circuitous channel in the soft mud at the head of the bay, from which point the depth increases gradually. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is proposed during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931. No funds are recommended for expenditure during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as the relative desirability of the improve- ment in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the post- ponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The latest statistics available are those for 1926 which show a total commerce of 6,235 tons, valued at $491,933. The principal imports were gasoline, kerosene, brick, and groceries; with exports of potatoes and oysters. Most of this commerce has to be lightered to boats of 6 to 8 feet draft, which anchor in the sound. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930..__ ____ -...... Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_ -------------------------------------- $30, 000 4. PAMLICO AND TAR RIVERS, N. C. Location and description.-The two names are applied to the same river, it being known as the Pamlico below Washington, N. C., and as the Tar above that point. This stream rises in Person County, flows in a general southeasterly direction for 217 rIiles, and empties in Pamlico Sound. The stream has a drainage area of about 3,608 square miles. The Pamlico River is 38 miles long. There are no lunar tides. At Tarboro, 49 miles above Washington, the minimum recorded flow is 87 second-feet, the average about 2,000 second-feet, and the maximum 35,500 second-feet. The current is sluggish in the portion affected by winds, becoming more rapid above Greenville, 22 miles above Washington, as the fall between this point and Tarboro is 0.43 foot per mile. The stream is about 41/2 miles wide at the mouth, one-half mile at Washington, 300 feet at Greenville, and 220 feet at Tarboro. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart 537.) Original condition.-The river was obstructed by war blockades, sunken logs, snags, stumps, and sand shoals, so that the governing RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 613 low-water depths were 5 feet to Washington and perhaps .1 foot to Tarboro, to which place navigation by steamers was practicable dur- ing freshet stages only. About 3 feet could be carried to Tarboro during about eight high-water months per year, January to August, inclusive. The lengths of portion navigable for steamboats was 86 miles and for rafting 94 miles. Previous project.-The first improvement of this stream was undertaken under authority of river and harbor act of July 4, 1836, and modified by the act of August 30, 1852. For further details of previous projects see page 1803 of the Annual Report for 1915. The cost and expenditures on this project were $15,000. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide from the 12-foot contour in the river below Washington to the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad bridge at Washington; 6 feet deep and 75 feet wide to Greenville; 20 inches deep and 60 feet wide to Tarboro; thence to clear the natural channel above Tarboro to Little Falls. The length of section under improve- ment is 87 miles, extending from a point 4 miles below Washington to Little Falls. The stream is nontidal; variations in the water sur- face at Washington, due to prevailing winds, seldom exceeds 2 feet. The extreme range of the flood or freshet stage for the upper section is 34 feet at Tarboro. For the lower section, observations covering a period of four years show an extreme range due to winds of 8.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $384,700, exclusive of amount expended under previous project. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $17,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 14, 1876, authorized a channel of 9 feet from the mouth to Washington; the act of May 3, 1879, provided for the section of the river between Washington and Tarboro (H. Doc. No. 68, 45th Cong., 3d sess.); the section of the river between Tarboro and Little Falls (Rocky Mount) was added to the project in 1890 as a result of a preliminary examination authorized by the river and harbor act approved August 11, 1888 (Annual Report for 1889, p. 1130); the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, authorized changing the depth between Washington and Greenville (H. Doc. No. 342, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, covered the latest modification of the portion between Wash- ington and Greenville and authorized increase in depth from the mouth to Washington from 9 to 10 feet (H. Doc. No. 270, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); and the act approved July 3, 1930 (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 11, 71st Cong., 1st sess.) provided for the 12-foot channel. The latest published maps are in the two last-mentioned documents. Recommended modifcction; of project.-The abandonment of this improvement above Tarboro, N. C., is recommended in House Docu- ment No. 467, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session. Local cooperation.-The/river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, provided that local interests furnish free of cost to the United States necessary spoil disposal areas. The conditions have not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-The wharves on the portion of this river un- der improvement number 72, of which 50 are along the water front at Washington, 1 on Castle Island in front of town, 2 across the river from town, 8 between Washington and the mouth, and 11 be- 614 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 tween Washington and the mouth of Fishing Creek. They are generally of timber construction with pile foundation. They have a frontage varying from 8 to 410 feet, the total frontage being 4,635 feet. Of those at Washington 44 are private, with a frontage of 3,949 feet; 3 are owned by the railroads, with a frontage of 260 feet; 2 are owned by the city, with a frontage of 282 feet; and 1 is owned by the United States, with a frontage of 188 feet. The city wharves are open to use by all water carriers free; the railroad wharves are open to all on equal terms; vessels are usually permitted to tie up at the private wharves when not in use by the owners. The city acquired 150 feet qf frontage with a view to building a public ter- minal, but this site is now leased to private parties. The existing facilities are not considered adequate at Washington, Greenville, or Tarboro. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to lower rail and water freight rates and to allow vessels of deeper draft to reach Washington, N. C. Above Washington it has pro- vided a more economical and convenient way for the handling of farm products, fertilizer, etc. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The work for the year consisted of dredging and snagging with Government plant and hired labor. The derrickboat Contentnea removed from Tar River between Washington and Tarboro, 48 miles above, 43 trees, 12 snags, 24 logs, 1 stump, and 11 cords of small snags from the channel and removed 17 trees from the banks and trimmed 4 trees. This work resulted in clearing the river of obstructions between the points named. The Contentnea also removed 1,365 linear feet of old dredge dumps from a portion of the stream in front of the town of Washington. The cost of this work was $6,238.26, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $5,684.80. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1915 except the modification authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, providing for a 12-foot channel to Washington. No work has been done on this modification. At the close of the fiscal year a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water with a width of 100 to 200 feet was available from the mouth to Washington; thence a channel 50 feet wide and 4 feet deep to a point 2 miles below Greenville; thence 1 foot to the mouth of Fishing Creek. The cost of the existing project to June 30, 1930, was $286,680.73 for new work and $218,145 for maintenance, a total of $504,825.73. The total expenditures to June 30, 1930, were $504,272.27. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($11,- 815.20), will be used for maintenance, as follows: Operating derrick boat Contentnea above Washington 31/2 months, July 1 to Oct. 15, 1930, at $950 ----------------------------- $3, 325. 00 Dredging the channel at and below Washingto4 using Government plant or by contract, as needed, between Jan. 1, 1931, and June 30, 1931, by the removal of 28,000 cubic yards of material at 25 cents -------------------------------------------------- 7, 000.00 Superintendence and contingencies------------------------------436. 74 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---------------------------- 553. 46 Total------------------------------- - 11, 315. 20 RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON N. C., DISTRICT 615 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($9,000), will be used for maintenance dredging and snagging, as follows: Maintenance dredging of the channel at and below Washington------- $7, 000 Maintenance snagging above Washington------ ----------------- 2, 000 Total------- ------------------------------------- 9,000 The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 228,929 tons, valued at $9,233,784, of which 226,614 tons, valued at $8,909,748, passed over the improved sections. The principal items were timber, lumber, and fertilizer material. General merchandise, fertilizer, farm and water products were carried in gas and sail boats drawing from 3 to 5 feet. Fertilizer material and lumber were carried in barges drawing from 7 to 9 feet. Timber was rafted and towed. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. One boat line was abandoned and three established during the year. The increase was due to larger receipts of sugar, fertilizer, and fertilizer material. Comparative statement General commerce Timber, rafted and towed Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925- ...........--------------------------------- 136, 023 $7, 814,563 84, 705 $338, 820 3, 000 1926......................----------....-----------------------................ 228, 668 8, 404, 094 65, 420 251,680 3, 000 ......---.........---..----------------------- 1927---- 145, 686 8, 267, 890 89, 190 356, 760 2,400 1928-----. ----------------------------- 143, 200 8, 735, 398 77, 415 309,660 2, 000 1929 -------------------- -------------- 149, 354 8, 915, 484 79, 575 318, 300 2, 600 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 --- --- _---_-----_------ $301, 680. 73 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------- 218, 145. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 519, 825. 73 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ----------- ---- ___-- 553. 46 Net total expenditures_---------------- ------------ 519, 272. 27 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------_------------------_ 11, 315. 20 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__ ___--------- 530, 587. 47 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..... Cost of maintenance -------------------$19, 878. 73 $11, 695. 23 $14, 756. 16 $56, 767. 73 $6, 238. 26 Total expended-........-------..... ..... 19, 878. 73 11, 695. 23 11, 130. 16 56, 767. 73 5,684. 80 Allotted................................ 10, 200. 00 2, 000. 00 16, 500.0 1 21, 974.00 1 45,000.00 ,616 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $15,000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------- ------------------ 10, 000.00 - Amount to be accounted for_-____- ---------- __ __ -- 25, 000. 00 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment _______--__ 8, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for-- 000. 00 1--------- -__ -___----_17, Gross amount expended ------------------------------- 5, 684. 80 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930___________________ 11, 315.20 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930__________ ___ -________- 553. 46 Balance available June 30, 1930_--- ______-----------10, 761. 74 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------------------------------- 98, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1_____________ 9, 000. 00 5. FISHING CREEK, N. C. This project was completed in 1901. No work has been done for several years, and no work is proposed for the next fiscal year. No expenditures were made during the year, and no funds are available for expenditures. The abandonment of this project has been recom- mended to Congress. (See H. Doc. No. 1277, 64th Cong., 1st sess., and H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1922, page 647. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $22, 715. 10 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 8, 632. 85 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----- __---- 31, 347. 95 Net total expenditures_ __--_ -------------------- 31, 347.95 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ---- __------31, 347. 95 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work -----------------.......... ........ -- ---------------------------------- Cost of maintepance --------------------------------------------------------------- Total expended----------- .... .....-------------------- .. ------- - -- .... Allotted-........ -...............................................-.... 6. SOUTH RIVER, N. C. The project was completed in 1913. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year; no balance is available, and no work is now proposed, for the reason that maintenance dredging on this stream will probably not be necessary for several years. For a full descrip- tion of this project see Annual Report for 1923, page 528. Commerczal statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 7,401 tons,.valued at $421,124, all of which passed over the improved 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 617 sections. The principal items were timber, fertilizer, and gasoline. Timber was rafted and towed. All other commerce was carried by gas boats, drawing from 3 to 7 feet. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. No boat lines were established or abandoned. The increase was due, prin- cipally, to a greater amount of timber being shipped. Comparative statement General merchandise Timber, rafted and lowed Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 6, 757 1925--..........................--------------------------- $431, 965 4, 683 $18,732 300 1926---------.............--------------------- 5, 732 466, 576 950 3, 800 400 1927-..... .......---------------------------- 3, 543 194, 164 3, 105 12, 420 100 1928--....._---------------------------- 3, 660 408, 039 1, 500 6, 000 --- - - - - 3, 861 1929-............................----------------------------- 406, 964 3, 540 14, 160 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930______-- __----------------- $12, 452. 02 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930____----------------------- 3, 118. 98 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930__------------ 15, 571. 00 Net total cost to June 30, 1930___----------------------------- 15, 571. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_---- 15, 571. 90 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work___ Cost of maintenance---------------- -------- ------ ------------ Total expended-- - -- - - -- - - ---...-.-..... -$429 ----- Allotted_ -----------------. ._--------_ -429 - 7. BAY RIVER, N. C. The project was completed in 1914. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, no balance, is available, and no work is now proposed for the reason that maintenance dredging on this stream will probably not be necessary for several years. For a full descrip- tion of this project see Annual Report for 1923, page 530. Conmmercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 38,452 tons, valued at $319,511, of which 26,527 tons, valued at $187,289 passed over the improved sections. The principal items were lumber, timber, and oysters. Lumber was carried by barges and schooners drawing from 7 to 9 feet, timber was rafted and towed, the remainder of the commerce was carried by gas and sail boats drawing from 3 to 7 feet. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. There are no regular boat lines operating on this waterway. The total commerce is practically the same as for the previous year. 618 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Comparative statement General commerce Timber, rafted and towed Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925 ------------------------------------ 16, 359 $142,820 11,100 $44, 400 200 92 -- -- --------------------------- 13,701 282250 21, 318 85 272 300 1927_ _ .---------.------------------. 15, 952 223, 212 14, 550 58, 200 100 1928.---------------------------------- 13,918 186,852 24,550 98,200 . ..... ----------------------- 1929 _--------- 15, 703 228, 515 22, 749 90,996. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $22, 729. 76 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------- 4, 170.24 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 26, 900.00 Net total expenditures ----------------------------- ----- 26, 900. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------------26, 900. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....------------ ---------------------------------- Cost of maintenance-------- ------ ----------------- ----------- ----------- ---------- Total expended ...------------............. Atlotted . 8. SILVER LAKE HARBOR, N. C. Location and description.-Silver Lake Harbor is located at the westerly end of Ocracoke Island, which is a portion of the barrier separating Pamlico Sound from the Atlantic Ocean. Beaufort Harbor lies about 50 miles southwest, Belhaven is about 60 miles northwest. The harbor consists of a lake having an area of about 25 acres, around which the village of Ocracoke is built. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1232.) Original condition.- The average depth of water in the lake was about 3 feet, and the bottom a very soft mud. The lake was con- nected with Pamlico Sound by a channel about 900 feet long and 50 feet wide with a controlling depth of less than 1 foot at mean low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 5 feet deep at mean low water and 50 feet wide, extending from that depth in the sound to the 3-foot contour in Silver Lake Harbor, together with a training wall 300 feet long to protect the outer end of the entrance channel from northeast storms. The ordinary range of tide within the lake is about 1 foot, with about 21/2 feet at the outer end of the connecting channel. Severe storm tides have been known to raise the water surface of the lake as much as 5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1927, is $11,000. The latest (1927) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $900. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 619 The project was authorized by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930. (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 3, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) The latest published map is contained in this document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, pro- vided that local interests shall furnish all necessary rights of way and areas for the disposal of dredged material. This condition has not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-There are three small privately owned wharves of light pile construction extending from the shore to the deeper waters in the lake, and one at the outer entrance of the channel. None are equipped with machinery or freight-handling devices. While poorly constructed, and few in number, they are considered adequate for the existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-No work has been done under the exist- ing project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done under the existing project. The average depth of water in the lake was about 3 feet, and the bottom a very soft mud. The lake was con- nected with Pamlico Sound by a channel about 900 feet long and 50 feet wide with a controlling depth of less than 1 foot at mean low water. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is proposed during the year ending June 30, 1931. No funds are recommended for expenditure during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as the relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postpone- ment of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.- The latest statistics available are those for 1925, which show a total commerce of 5,848 tons, valued at $536,633. The principal imports were ice, grain, groceries, wood, and lumber; with exports of fish and water products. All commerce is carried in motor and sail vessels of 3 to 6 feet draft. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930______________________ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 - Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------------------------------------- $11, 000 9. NEUSE RIVER, N. C. Location and description.-Neuse River rises in the northerly part of North Carolina and flows in a southeasterly direction until it. reaches Kinston; thence northeast to mouth of Contentnea Creek; thence southeast to a point 20 miles below New Bern; thence north- east until it flows into Pamlico Sound. Its total length is about 350, miles. This stream has a drainage area of about 5,490 square miles. At Smithfield, about 150 miles above the mouth, the minimum flow is 75 second-feet, the average about 1,000 second-feet, and the maximum 30,000 second-feet. The current is rather sluggish in the portion 620 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 affected by winds, becoming more rapid above Maple Cypress, as the fall between this point and Goldsboro is 0.61 foot per mile. The width between banks at the mouth is about 5 miles, at New Bern 11/8 miles, at Kinston 200 feet, and at Goldsboro 150 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 538.) Original condition.-There is considerable uncertainty as to the conditions existing prior to 1878, when improvement was begun. Before the Civil War, and probably for some time afterwards, light- draft steamers made more or less regular trips as high up as Smith- field, the head of navigation, 150 miles above the mouth, but the low-water depth probably did not exceed 2 feet, and the stream was obstructed by snags and after the Civil War by war blockades. Length of navigable portion, 150 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 300 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water up to and in front of New Bern; 4 feet deep at dead low water to Kinston, and during nine months of the year 3 feet deep at dead low water to Smithfield, to be ob- tained by dredging and snagging. Length of the section included in the project about 150 miles. The stream is nontidal; variations in the water surface at and below New Bern, due to prevailing winds, seldom exceed 2 feet above or below mean stage. The ex- treme range of flood or freshet, stage for the upper section of the river is 21 feet at Selma. Tide-gage readings at New Bern cover- ing four years show the extreme range of wind tides to be 8.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1927, is $417,200. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $12,500. The project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 18, 1878, as extended in 1879, provided for the portion of the river above New Bern (Annual Report for 1872, pp. 734-741, and Annual Report for 1879, pp. 708-710) ; the act of June 13, 1902, provided for a depth of 8 feet at dead low water at and below New Bern (H. Doc. No. 317, 54th Cong., 2d sess.), and the act of January 21, 1927, provided for a depth of 12 feet (H. Doc. No. 299, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1889, page 1058. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Theriver and harbor act of January 21, 1927, adopting the 12-foot project, provided that no work should be done thereon until rail connection satisfactory to the Chief of Engineers had been completed to the wharves. This condition was complied with. Terminal facilities.-There are 49 wharves on this stream, of which 9 are below New Bern, 28 at or near New Bern, 8 at Bridgeton, and 4 above New Bern. They are all of timber construction with pile foundation. They have a frontage varying from 3 feet to 828 feet, the total frontage being about 4,100 feet. Of those at New Bern, 22 are private, with a frontage of 2,330 feet; 4 are owned by railroads, with a frontage of 207 feet; 1 is owned by the city, with a frontage of 60 feet; and 1 is owned by the United States, with a frontage of 50 feet. The city wharf is open to use by all, but is inadequate for commerce and is used only by small boats. Railroad wharves are open to use by all on equal terms, and vessels are usually RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 621 permitted to tie up at private wharves when not in use by owners. The existing facilities are not considered adequate at New Bern. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to reduce rail-and-water freight rates and to open up a more eco- nomical and convenient way to ship farm products, fertilizers, etc. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The work for the year consisted of snagging with Government plant and hired labor. The derrick boat Contentnea removed from the river between New Bern and Seven Springs, 75 miles above, 63 trees, 38 snags, 16 logs, 4 stumps, and 12 cords of small snags from the channel and removed 84 trees from the banks and trimmed 8 trees. This work resulted in clearing the stream of obstructions between these points. The total cost of this work was $1,931.48, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $1,931.48. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project, as modified by the act of January 21, 1927, is completed to the practical limit. As it is impracticable to obtain and maintain the project depths above New Bern by dredging and snagging, the percentage of completion is uncertain. At the close of the fiscal year a channel 300 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water existed from the mouth to New Bern, a channel 4 feet deep at low water to a point 23 miles above New Bern, thence 21/2 feet to the mouth of Contentnea Creek, thence 1 foot to Seven Springs, 75 miles above New Bern. The channel above New Bern is about 50 feet wide. The cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1930, was $403,066.04 for new work and $174,398.42 for maintenance, a total of $577,464.46. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1930, were $577,464.46. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($12,841.54), will be used for maintenance as follows: Operating derrick boat Contentnea in the channel above New Bern about November and December, 1930, two months at $950_-------- $1, 900. 00 Maintenance of the channel at and below New Bern with Government plant or by contract, as needed, between Jan. 1, 1931, and June 30, 1931, removing 42,000 cubic yards of material, at 25 cents -------- 10, 500. 00 Superintendence and contingencies_------------------------------ 441. 54 Total _______---------------- 12, 841. 54 1------------------------ The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($11,000), will be used for maintenance dredg- ing and snagging. It is proposed to apply $9,000 to the maintenance by dredging of the channel at and below New Bern and $2,000 to the maintenance by snagging of the channel above New Bern. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 248,977 tons, valued at $12,580,899, of which 215,586 tons, valued at $11,172,350, passed over the improved sections. The principal items were timber, lumber, fertilizer material, and oil. Lumber and fer- tilizer material were carried in barges and sail vessels drawing from 6 to 10 feet, the remainder of the commerce was carried in gas and sail boats and scows drawing from 2 to 6 feet, except timber, which was rafted and towed. No boat lines were established, four were abandoned. There was no change in the character of the commerce 622 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMIY, 1930 as a result of the improvement. The increase was due to the in- creased patronage of the boat line running between New Bern, N. C., and Norfolk, Va., and to increased receipts of timber. Comparative statement General commerce Timber, rafted and towed Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925 .....................--------------------------------- 194, 634 $9, 343, 244 63, 369 $253, 476 2, 000 1926 ......--------------------------- - 200, 384 10, 512, 754 47, 283 189, 148 600 1927 -.-..------------------------------ 189, 719 10, 887, 552 48, 303 193, 212 300 1928 ...............------------------------------ 198, 853 11, 638, 198 33, 855 135, 420 300 1929 . __. --............ 198, 706 12, 379, 815 50, 271 201, 084 300 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 $403, 066. 04 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------ 174, 398. 42 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 577, 464. 46 Net total expenditures --------------------------- --------- 577, 464. 46 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------- 12, 841. 54 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_______________ 590, 306. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work......--------------------------------------------- $33, 666. 59 Cost of maintenance.. --................... $10, 187. 15 $30, 736. 75 $337. 50 3, 754. 21 $1, 931. 48 Total cost.. .. ---. .--...--.. .-.-- . 10, 187. 15 30, 736.75 337. 50 37, 420. 80 1, 931. 48 Total expended... ..- .- .... ..- 10, 187. 15 30, 736. 75 -2, 361. 90 37, 420. 80 1, 931.48 Allotted.......----------------------------10, 200. 00 6, 500. 00 49, 106.00 ............ 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------------- $14,273.02 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------- ---------------------------- 12, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for--------------------------------- 26, 773.02 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment--------------- 12, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for-----------------------------14, 773. 02 Gross amount expended ------------------------------------- 1, 931. 48 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------------- 12, 841. 54 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance ------------------------------- 11, 000. 00 10. SMITHS CREEK, N. C. The project is 92 per cent completed, but has been recommended to Congress for abandonment (see H. Does. Nos. 59, 64th Cong., 1st sess., and 1848, 65th Cong., 3d sess.) and no work is proposed for the next fiscal year. No work has been done for several years and no expenditures made. No funds are available for expenditure. For 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 623 a *full description of this project see Annual Report for 1922, page 655. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 5,863 tons, valued at $188,725, all of which passed over the improved sections in gas and sail boats drawing from 3 to 6 feet, except timber, which was rafted and towed, and sand, which was carried in flats drawing 4 feet. The principal items were oysters, sand, and oil. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. No boat lines were established; the only regular line on this waterway was abandoned. There was a small decrease in the commerce on account of the only regular boat line using this waterway being abandoned. Comparative statement General commerce Timber, rafted and towed Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925-_ . .--------------------------------- 12, 357 $591, 254 3, 417 $13, 668 400 1926-- .--------------------------------- 9, 465 360, 790 3, 080 12, 320 200 1927-.---------------------------------- 6, 710 427, 371 945 3,780 200 1928_ .--------------------------- -------- 5, 849 226, 091 512 2, 048 200 1929.----.---. ---------------------------- 5, 176 185, 977 687 2, 748 ---.--..-... Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_________________________-- $14, 471. 80 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ___________-_______ ___ 254. 24 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------14, 726. 04 Net total expenditures___________________________ 14, 726. 04 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------------------14, 726. 04 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.... --.- -...--.-........ Cost of maintenance-........................---. ---.. Total expended- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Allotted....... 11. SWIFT CREEK, N. C. Location and description.-Swift Creek has its source in the swamps of Pitt County, about 5 miles south of Greenville, N. C. It flows southeasterly 43 miles and empties into Neuse River 71/2 miles above New Bern, N. C. This stream has a drainage area of about 316 square miles. The current is sluggish. The fall is very small. The average .width between banks is about 150 feet. The discharge depends on prevailing winds and is impossible to measure. The rise of water level due to floods sometimes causes considerable cur- rents. The maximum flood height in Vanceboro is about 12 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey sheets New Bern, Vanceboro, Ayden, and Winterville.) 11714--ENG 1930--40 624 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Original condition.-The creek was in good condition for 6 miles above its mouth, having an average width of 100 feet and least low- water depth of 10 feet. In the next 6 miles to Vanceboro the least low-water depth was 5 feet and width from 50 to 150 feet, averaging about 80 feet. This section was crooked, with three bad bends, and was badly obstructed by logs, snags, etc., and overhanging trees. Vanceboro was the head of navigation for steamers; rafting could be carried about 3 miles farther. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--This provides for clearing the channel from the mouth to Vanceboro, 12 miles, of snags and overhanging and leaning trees. The rise of water level, due to prevailing winds and floods, reaches its maximum height at Vanceboro of about 12 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, made in 1909, was $1,600. The latest (1928) approve.d estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $350. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 360, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). No map of this creek has ever been published. Recommended modifcations of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 8 wharves on this stream, of which 5 are at Vanceboro. They are of timber construction, 4 with pile foundations and 4 of log bulkheads. They have a frontage varying from 6 to 86 feet, the total frontage being about 240 feet. All the wharves are private and are open to all water carriers free of charge when not in use by owners. The existing facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to open up a convenient and economical way of handling farm products, etc., by the establishment of boat lines, which as a rule carry freight at a less rate than railroads. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-No work was done dur- ing the year and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1910. A channel 5 feet deep at mean low water with a minimum width of 50 feet is available to Vanceboro, the head of navigation. The cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1930, was $1,600 for new work and $4,722 for maintenance, a total of $6,322. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1930, were $6,322. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($700), will be used for maintenance by snagging with the derrick boat Contentnea during February, 1931. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, and it is not thought that snagging will be required. Commercial statistic.-The commerce for the year amounted to 7,459 tons, valued at $41,736, all of which passed over the improved sections. The only items were fertilizer and timber. The fertilizer was carried in gas boats drawing from 3 to 5 feet, the timber was rafted and towed. There was no change in the character of the com- RIVERS AND HARBORS--WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 625 merce as a result of the improvement. No regulqr boat lines operate on this waterway. The increase was due to larger shipments of fer- tilizer and timber. Comparative statement General commnerce Timber, rafted and Generalcommerce Timber, rafted and towed towed Year Year Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925..... 1, 350 $38, 250 13, 737 $54, 948 1928...... 500 $12, 000 5, 058 $20, 232 1926...... 1, 320 39, 600 15,960 63,840 1929_...._ 595 14, 280 6,864 27, 456 1927...... 800 19, 200 7,800 31, 200 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 --------------------- $1, 600 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930____________________________---4, 722 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ---- _______----6, 322 Net total expenditures------- -------------------------------- 6, 322 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_____--- ________-___________ 700 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------------7, 022 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ----- .... : - Cost of maintenance-_-------------___- $312. 86----------- $728.63 $223.65 ---------- Total expended__ ____ _____12. 86 ------------.. 552. 23 222.05 Allotted ------------- ---------- 800.00- - - . -178.00 ------------ 700.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-------------------------------------------------- $700. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-_ ______ 700. 00 12. CONTENTNEA CREEK, N. C. Location and description.-Contentnea Creek rises in Wilson County, N. C., flows in a general southeasterly direction, and empties into Neuse River about 32 miles above New Bern, N. C. Its length is about 144 miles. This stream has a drainage area of about 1,184 square miles. The current is rapid, the fall being about two-thirds of a foot per mile. The discharge is unknown. Average width between banks is 100 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey sheets Ayden, Falkland, Kinston, and Wilson.) Original condition.--This stream had a depth of about 3 feet during nine months of the year from its mouth to Stantonsburg, the head of navigation, 63 miles above the mouth, but was obstructed throughout its entire length by fallen timber, sand shoals, and over- hanging growth, and was navigable for shallow-draft craft only dur- ing the higher freshet stages of about three to six months of the year. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for clearing the stream of ob- structions so as to obtain from its mouth to Stantonsburg a depth 626 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1930 of not less than 3 ket during the higher stages about nine months of the year. The section under improvement is from the mouth to Stantonsburg, 63 miles. The stream is subject to freshets, rising 11 feet above low water at Snow Hill and Stantonsburg, 32 and 63 miles above the mouth, respectively. Boating stages are generally avail- able from January to June and intermittently during the remainder of the year. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1887, was $77,500. The latest (198) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881 (H. Doc. No. 85, 46th Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1881, p. 1010). The latest published map is on page 1014 of the Annual Report for 1887. Recommended modifications of project.-The abandonment of this improvement above Snow Hill, N. C., is recommended in House Document No. 467, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is one wharf on this stream. Freight is handled from convenient landing places where the bank is suffi- ciently high for the purpose. The existing facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. (For full description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to open up a more convenient and economical way to dispose of farm products and to receive fertilizer. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The work for the year consisted of snagging with Government plant and hired labor. The derrick boat Conten tnea removed from the channel between the mouth and a point 131/2 miles above 18 trees, 11 snags, 6 logs, 5 saw logs, 2 stumps, and 2 cords of small snags; and removed from the banks 33 trees, and trimmed 4 trees. This work resulted in clearing the natural channel of obstructions between the mouth and a point 131/2 miles above. The total cost of the work was $454.20, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $454.20. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1896 at a saving of $13,105 under the estimated cost. A somewhat obstructed channel from 3 to 4 feet exists in freshet stages, which prevail from 6 to 8 months during the winter season, from October to May, from the mouth to Fools Bridge, 42 miles above. Above that point the stream is in poor condition. The cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1930, was $64,394.56 for new work, $30,917.64 for maintenance, a total of $95,312.20. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1930, were $95,312.20. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($1,345.80), will be used for maintenance by snagging with the der- rick boat Contentnea during January, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($1,000), will be used for maintenance by snagging. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 2,015 tons, valued at $15,360, all of which passed over the improved sections. The only items were timber and fertilizer. The fertilizer RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 627 was carried in gas boats drawing 3 to 4 feet, the timber was rafted and towed. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. No regular boat lines operate on this waterway. The increase was due to increased shipments of fertilizer and timber. Comparative statement General commerce Timber, rafted and a mtowed General commerce commerc Timber, rafted and towed Year Year Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925_____ 600 $18, 000- -____--____.- 1928 _____ .. 305 $7, 320 1,380 $5, 520 1926. 950 28,500 900 $3, 600 1929 .... 365 8,760 1, 650 6,600 1927 ... 1,100 26, 400 660 2, 640 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930___ $64, 394. 56 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_____________________________ 30, 917. 64 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_____________ 95, 312. 20 Net total expenditures ____- - -__________________95, 312. 20 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ____________________________ 1, 345. 80 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 _______--- ___ -96, 658. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Csonwo Cost of new work ------------- Cost of maintenance ....... _ ........ $471.40- $1, 178. 70 $1,013. 55 $454.20 Total expended . .. . . .. __ _ .. 471.40 1,178.70 871.55 537.44 454.20 Allotted-_ ............. ...____... _ 1, 200.00 1, 500. 00 -142.00 800.00 1,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------------------- $800. 00 Amount allotted from War Dept, appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ------------------------------------------------------------ 1, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for , 800. 00 1---------------------------- ,Gross amount expended------------------------------------------- 454. 20 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------------- 1, 345. 80 Amount that can be profitably, expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1------------------------------------- 1, 000. 00 13. TRENT RIVER, N. C. Location and description. The stream is formed by the junction of Beaver Dam and Tuckahoe Creeks, in Jones County, N. C. It flows for 80 miles (about 40 miles in an air line) in an easterly direc- tion through Jones and Craven Counties, and at New Bern empties into the Neuse River, being its principal tributary. This stream has a drainage area of about 657 square miles. The current is sluggish. The discharge of the stream depends on prevailing winds and is im- 1Exclusive of available funds 628 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 possible to measure. The fall is very slight. The width between banks varies from 80 to 3,000 feet. Near the mouth the water level varies about 2 feet under normal conditions, according to prevailing vinds. At Trenton the stream is subject to freshets of from 5 to 15 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey sheets, New Bern and Trent River.) Original condition.--A fair 6-foot channel was available to Pol- loksville, 18 miles above the mouth, and the stream was fairly clear to Lower Quaker Bridge, 24 miles above the mouth. Above this point it was so badly obstructed that it was only navigable for small flatboats during the high freshets. Lower Quaker Bridge was the practical head of navigation, though logging and rafting could be carried on as far as Trenton, 38 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The first improvement of this stream was un- dertaken under authority conferred by the river and harbor act ap- proved March 3, 1879. It was modified in 1885, 1887, 1889, and 1896. The cost and expenditures on all the above projects were $70,905.40, for new work, and $27,104.99 for maintenance, making a total of $98,010.39. For further details of previous projects see page 1803 of the Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet at mean low water and 300 feet wide in front of New Bern, a channel of 6 feet depth at dead low water over Foys Flats, and a channel 50 feet wide and 4 feet deep at low water to Trenton. The length of section included in the project is 38 miles. Near the mouth the water level varies about 2 feet under normal conditions, according to prevailing winds. Observations, covering a period of four years, show that the extreme range of wind tides is 8.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1927, is $41,600, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1927) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,100. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for a depth of 8 feet at dead low water at New Bern (H. Doc. No. 121, 56th Cong., 2d sess.) ; Joint Resolution No. 22, approved March 4, 1907, covered the section at Foys Flats; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the work in the upper section of the river (H. Doc. No. 1471, 60th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of January 21, 1927, provided for increasing the depth at New Bern to 12 feet at mean low water (H. Doc. 299, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). For latest printed map see page 1318 of the Annual Report for 1895. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, adopting the 12-foot project, provided that no work should be done thereon until rail connection satisfactory to the Chief of Engineers had been completed to the wharves. This condition was complied with. Terminal facilities.-There are 51 wharves on the portion of this stream under improvement, of which 31 are at or opposite New Bern, 5 are at or near Polloksville, and 3 are at Trenton. They are all of timber construction with pile foundation. They have a frontage varying from 21/2 feet to 739 feet, the total frontage being about RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 629 7,600 feet. All the wharves are private. The railroad wharf at New Bern is open to all on equal terms; the remaining wharves are generally open to all water carriers free of charge. The existing facilities are considered adequate except at New Bern. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has provided facilities for boat lines which as a rule carry freight at a less rate than the rail- roads and affords a convenient and economical way for the handling of farm products, etc. It also affords transportation facilities to the town of Trenton, which has no other outlet except by wagon and automobile. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The work for the year consisted of snagging with Government plant and hired labor. The derrick boat Contentnea removed from the channel between New Bern and a. point 33 miles above, 8 trees, 13 snags, 2 logs, 125 saw logs, 1 stump, and 1 cord of small snags; and removed from the banks 53 trees, 10 cords of brush, and trimmed 9 trees. This work resulted in clearing the channel of obstructions between the points named. The cost of the above work was $549.33, all for maintenance. The total expenditures for the year were $549.33. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in May, 1929. At the close of the last fiscal year a channel 300 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water existed at the wharves at New Bern; thence 75 feet wide and 81/ feet deep to Polloksville; thence 50 feet wide and 31/2 feet deep to Trenton. The cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1930, was $44,294.05 for new work, $26,614.19 for maintenance, making a total of $70,- 908.24. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1930, were $70,908.24. Proposed operations.- The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($2,160.42), will be used for maintenance by snagging with the derrick boat Contentnea during March and April, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($2,000), will be used for maintenance snagging between the mouth and Trenton. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 31,178 tons, valued at $128,712, all of which passed over the im- proved sections. The fertilizer was carried in gas boats drawing 2 to 4 feet, timber was rafted and towed. The only items were timber and fertilizer. No boat lines operate regularly on this waterway. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. The increase was due to increased shipments of timber. Comparative statement General commerce Timber, rafted and towed General commerce Timber, rafted and 1towed Year _Year '__ Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925 .... 1,975 $78, 065 21,378 $85, 512 1928 . . 928 $42, 280 22, 347 $89, 388 1926.... 550 16, 500 18, 438 73, 652 1929 ... 200 4,800 30, 978 123, 912 1927 . 2, 048 126, 462 17, 331 69, 324 630 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----_-------------------------- $115, 199. 45 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 53, 719. 18 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ------------ 168, 918. 63 Net total expenditures ------------------------------------ 168, 918. 63 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ------ 2, 160. 42 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 --------------- 171, 079. 05 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--------........---------- I,"- --- -$4, 882. 57 Cost of maintenance ..... $2, 159. 92 ..------------------- $603. 03 $1, 595. 35 985. 41 $549. 33 Total cost .......... , 159.92 ..----------------------- 603. 03 1, 595.35 5, 867. 98 549. 33 Total expended.----.......-...... .-- .. 2, 159. 92 603. 03 972.35 5,867.98 549.33 Allotted.---- -------------------------- 800. 00 750. 00 3, 577. 00 1, 200. 00 2, 600. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_--------------------------------- $109. 75 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------ $2, 100.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927----------------------------- 500.00 2, 600.00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------------- 2, 709. 75 Gross amount expended-------------------------------------- 549. 33 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-----------------------2, 160. 42 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1 - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - - -- - - 30, 1932, for maintenance 2, 000. 00 14. CHANNEL CONNECTING THOROUGHFARE BAY WITH CEDAR BAY, N. C. Location and description.-ThoroughfareBay is on the north side of Core Sound, about 6 miles west of the end of the peninsula at the junction of Core and Pamlico Sounds. It lies about 30 miles by the boat route through Core Sound easterly from Beaufort, N. C. A channel about 11/2 miles in length connects Thoroughfare Bay with Cedar Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1233.) Original condition.-Four feet of water existed throughout the channel except at the eastern and western ends and a few shoals between. The minimum width of the waterway was about 100 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 5 feet deep and 50 feet wide on bottom to connect Thoroughfare Bay and Cedar Bay. The length of this channel is about 11/2 miles. There is no lunar tide in the channel or waterway, variations in the level of the water sur- face being due entirely to the action of the wind. Ordinary storms will cause a variation of 1 foot above or below the mean stage, while severe storms may cause a variation of as much as 3 feet. The esti- mate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, was.$9,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 631 The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919. (H. Doc. No. 1125, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no wharves on the waterway, and, as it is only a part of a through waterway, none are deemed neces- sary. Effect of improvement.-As a result of this improvement, trans- portation by water to and from the eastern portion of Core Sound has been rendered easier and better. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done dur- ing the year and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1921. A channel 50 feet wide and 5 feet deep at mean low water exists throughout the waterway. The cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1930, was $9,000 for new work and $8,000 for maintenance, a total of $17,000. The expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1930, were $17,000. Proposed operations.-There are no funds on hand and no work is proposed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($5,000) will be used for maintenance dredging. The large amount requested compared with the average annual expenditures for the past five years is necessary because of the.post- ponement of maintenance since 1926. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 4,393 tons, valued at $129,944, all of which passed over the improved sections in gas and sail boats drawing from 3 to 5 feet. The prin- cipal items were oysters, wood, and fish. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. There are no regular boat lines operated on this waterway. The increase was due to larger shipments of oysters. Comparative statement General commerce General commerce Year Year Tons Value Tons Value 1926----------------------..................... 5,562 256, 501 1929---------4, 393 129, 944 1927 --------------------- 3, 683 138,121 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------------- $9. 000 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------8, 000 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------17, 000 Net total expenditures ----------------------------- 17, 000 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 17, 000 632 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.--------------- ..-------.--------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance.....--------------------- $5, 000 ------------ -------------------------- Total expended-------... ------------------ 5, 000.------ ------ ...--------------- Allotted... - .-. .-..-.---- ..- .... ... - ..-..--.--..-.---------- $4, 000 -$4, 000 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929- ____-- _--------------------------- $4, 000 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment----------------- --- 4, 000 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal- - year - -- - -- - - -- - -- - - - - ending June 30, - - -- - -- - -- - -- - - -- - - 1932 for maintenance 1 5, 000 15. HARBOR AT BEAUFORT, N. C. Location and description.-Thisharbor is located just inside Beau- fort Inlet and extends to the Norfolk Southern Railroad bridge across Newport River. It is about 11/2 miles square and lies between Core and Bogue Sounds. Cape Lookout is about 8 miles east, and Norfolk, Va., is about 225 miles by ocean route to the north. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 420.) Original condition.-The erosion at Fort Macon and Shackleford Points caused serious deterioration of the inside channels and threat- ening deterioration of the bar channel. The governing low-water depth is said to have been 15 feet on the bar and 2 feet at Beau- fort, N. C. Previous projects.-The first improvement of the harbor was un- dertaken under authority of act of Congress of July 4, 1836. The cost and expenditures were $5,000, all for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1803 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the stopping of erosion at the inlet by jetties and sand fences at Fort Macon and Shackleford Points and other shore protection; for a channel 100 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water in Bulkhead Channel and Gallants Channel and the same depth with width varying from 200 to 400 feet in front of the town of Beaufort; and the construction of a stone bulkhead extending from Town Marsh across Bird Shoal to the westerly end of Carrot Island. The distance from the inlet to the upper end of Gallants Channel is about 5 miles. The average rise of tide is 21/2 feet at Beaufort and 31/2 feet at the inlet. As shown by observations made in 1907, the extreme range of tides is 4.8 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, exclusive of amount expended under previous projects, is $262,800. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $17,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1881, provided for the erection of jetties and the securing of a 9-foot channel (Annual Report for 1881, p. 1013), as amended in 1890 (Annual Report for 1890, p. 1134), to provide for a 7-foot channel to Beaufort; the act of March 2, 1907, authorized repairs to existing jetties at Fort Macon Point and addi- tional jetties and shore protection; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the 10-foot channel to the inland waterway and the turning basin at Beaufort (H. Doc. No. 511, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 2, 1919, provided for an enlargement of the turning basin 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 633 (H. Doc. No. 1108, 63d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 3, 1925, authorized the bulkhead across Bird Shoal (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 8, 68th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of July 3, 1930, authorized an increased depth in Bulkhead and Gallants Channels and in front of the town of Beaufort to 12 feet (H. Doc. No. 776, 69th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, providing for a 12-foot channel in Bulkhead and Gallants Channels and in front of the town of Beaufort, provided that local interests should furnish without cost to the United States satisfac- tory areas for spoil disposal. This condition has not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-There are 48 wharves contiguous to this harbor, all of timber construction, with pile foundation. They have a frontage varying from 3 to 200 feet, the total frontage being about 1,400 feet. At Beaufort there are three city wharves of 40, 48, and 150 feet frontage open to use by all without charge. One at Pivers Island is owned by the United States. The remaining wharves are privately owned. The city wharf is open to use by all without .charge; the Government wharves are not generally open to public use; the private wharves are generally open to use by all water carriers when not in use by the owners. The existing facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce, except at Beaufort. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to allow boats of deeper draft to reach the wharves at Beaufort, which made possible a regular line of boats between Norfolk, Va., and Beaufort, N. C., and caused a reduction of rail and water freight rates. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The work for the year consisted of dredging, using Government plant and hired labor, and depositing stone in Bird Island Shoal breakwater. The dredge Pullen removed 8,176 cubic yards from the outer end of the Bulk- head Channel, and 3,283 cubic yards from range C of Gallants Chan- nel, restoring project dimensions in these channels. Seven hundred and six and three-tenths tons of stone were placed on Bird Island Shoal and 308.3 tons on the training wall at Bulkhead Shoal, restor- ing these structures to their original section. The total cost of this work was $11,343.37, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were - $107,868.25. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1927, except the modification authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. No work has been done under this modification. The limiting depth at the end of the fiscal year in the Bulkhead Channel was 9.7 feet; in Gallants Channel 8.4 feet, and in the chan- nel in front of Beaufort 10 feet, all at mean low water. The cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1930, was $207,791.56 for new work, and $154,576.67 for maintenance, a total of $362,368.23. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1930, were $409,320.65. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($16,046.40), will be used for maintenance as follows: 634 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Maintenance of channels, as needed, between January 1, 1931, and June 30, 1931, with Government plant, or by contract, by the removal of 36,000 cubic yards at 25 cents______________________ $9, 000. 00 Maintenance of jetties, training wall, and bulkhead, 1,000 tons of stone, July and August, 1930, at $5 per ton--------------------5, 000. 00 Superintendence and contingencies------------------------------ 901. 28 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_ -------------------------- 1, 145. 12 Total-------------------------------------------- 16, 046. 40 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($11,000), will be used for maintenance dredg- ing and maintenance of jetties, training wall, and bulkhead. It is proposed to apply $8,000 to the maintenance by dredging of the channels at Beaufort and $3,000 to the maintenance of jetties, train- ing wall, and bulkhead. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 107,901 tons, valued at $5,273,827, of which 48,122 tons, valued at $3,472,353 passed over the improved sections. The principal items were fish and fish products, fuel oil, and lumber. Fertilizer fish were carried in gas boats drawing from 5 to 7 feet; fuel oil, coal, wood, fish scrap, fish oil, and .lumber on flats and barges drawing from 3 to 6 feet; the remainder of the commerce was carried in gas and sail- boats drawing from 3 to 6 feet, except timber which was rafted and towed. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. No boat lines were established; two were abandoned during the year. The commerce was practically the same as for the previous year. Comparative statement General commerce Cargoes in transit Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925---.....------------------------------ 48, 430 $3, 127, 696 63, 049 $3, 297, 038 12, 000 1926.....----------------------------------- 54,904 3, 065,468 100, 089 3,579,071 12, 000 1927----------..............-------------------------- 36, 504 1, 835, 285 68,572 3,422,812 12,000 1928---............................------------------------------ 37, 100 2,265,574 71,934 2,980,384 4, 000' 1929---...........................----------------------------- 38, 019 2,275,314 69, 882 2, 998, 513 4, 000 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------------------------- $212, 791. 56 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_____------ _----------- _ 154, 576. 67 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 367,,368.23 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930-__---___ 47, 977. 54 Net total cost to June 30, 1930___---------------------- 415, 345. 77 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 --- -------- ----------- 120. 001 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930_____________------- 415, 465. 77 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930____---------------- -_____ 1,145. 12 Net total expenditures ------------------------ 414,320.65 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------- ------------------ 16, 046. 40 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------- -.... . 430, 367. 05 RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C.1 DISTRICT 635 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..------------------------------14,800.00 Cost of maintenance.....------------------$35, 355. 73 19, 551. 21 $613. 55 $4, 583. 26 $11, 343. 37 Total cost-....---------------------- 35, 355. 73 34, 351. 21 613. 55 4, 583. 26 11, 343. 37 Total expended......----------------------- 35, 355. 73 34, 351. 21 114, 801.48 28, 981. 56 --i07, 868. 25 Allotted------------------------------ 17, 500. 00 9, 200.00 156, 839. 73 10, 500. 00 -117, 798. 68 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_-_------ ----------- $25, 976. 83 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved May 28, 1930 ---------------------------------- 12, 500.00 Amount to be accounted for------------------- -------- 38, 476. 83 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-------------130, 298. 68 Net amount to be accounted for______________--- - 91, 821.85 Gross amount expended___________--___-- __-- - $12, 592.43 Less receipts from sales-- ___--------------- 120, 460. 68 -107,868.25 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 16, 046. 40 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 , 145. 12 1------------------------- Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------14, 901. 28 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------------------- . 120. 00 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--- -15, 021. 28 1------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------------- 55, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending --- - - - - - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - -- June 30, 1932, for maintenance 11, 000. 00 16. WATERWAY CONNECTING CORE SOUND AND BEAUFORT HARBOR, N. C. Location and description.-This is a tidal waterway 23/4 miles long which connects the waters of Beaufort Harbor in front of the town of Beaufort with waters of Core Sound by an improved channel by way of Taylors Creek. New Bern, N. C., is 43 miles northwest of Beaufort; Southport, at the mouth of the Cape Fear River, is 120 miles to the southwest, and Norfolk is 200 miles north. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 420.) Original condition.-The depth along the route of this waterway was originally not over 1 foot at mean low water, a considerable portion being bare at that stage. Small boats made use of it at high tide. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913. The cost and expenditures were: For new work, $20,000; for maintenance, $12,853.81; a total of $32,853.81. In addition $10,000 contributed by local interests was spent on new work. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water and 75 feet wide. The average rise and fall of tide at Beaufort is about 2.5 feet. The extreme range of tide at the Beau- 1 Exclusive of available funds. 636 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY 1930 fort end is 4.8 feet, while at the Core Sound end it is probably 4 feet. The length of the section included in the project between 7-foot con- tours is 23/4 miles. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1921, was $30,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 88, 67th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The original project adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 546, 62d Cong., 2d sess.), required local interests to contribute $10,000 toward the work. This condition was complied with June 29, 1914. Terminal facilities.-There are five wharves along this waterway, all of timber construction with pile foundations. They have a front- age varying from 16 to 60 feet, the total frontage being about 200 feet. All are privately owned, but are generally open to use by the public when not required by the owners. The existing facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. (For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvemen t.-The effect of the improvement has been to provide a shorter and less exposed route for the commerce between Core Sound and Beaufort and points west. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The work for the year consisted of dredging, using Government plant and hired labor The dredge Pullen removed 7,519 cubic yards from a shoal about 1 mile east of Beaufort which resulted in restoring the channel to project dimensions. The cost of the work was $1,870.50, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $1,870.50. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1923 at a saving of $2,345 under the estimated cost. The limiting depth on this waterway on June 30, 1930, was 6.4 feet at mean low water. The cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1930, was $27,655.04 for new work, $20,293.15 for main- tenance, a total of $47,948.19. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1930, were $47,948.19. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($5,000), will be used for maintenance of the channel by dredging as' needed between January 1, 1931 and June 30, 1931, with Govern- ment plant or by contract, in the removal of about 20,000 cubic yards of material. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($4,000) will be applied to maintenance of the channel by dredging. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 23,019 tons, valued at $1,056,023, all of which passed over the im- proved sections in gas and sailboats and flats, drawing from 3 to 6 feet, except timber, which was rafted and towed. The principal items were fish and fish products, oysters, and timber. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improve- RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 637 ment. Two boat lines were abandoned. None were established dur- ing the year. The increase was due to larger shipments of oysters and timber. Comparative statement General commerce Timber, rafted and towed Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value ------------------------------- 1925 .......--- 28,214 $1,874,963 ---- 10, 000 1926-.....----- ------------------------------ 53; 603 1, 723, 996 3, 000 $12, 000 10,000 1927----- -------------------- ...........-------.. 28, 795 1,985, 366 450 1,800 6, 000 1928 ...............-----------...-----------------...-----. 21,476 1,468,350 300 1, 200 4,000 ..........-----------------... --------..... 1929----- 22,170 1, 052, 627 849 3, 396 3, 000 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------------------------- $47, 655. 04 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1.930------------------------- 33, 146. 96 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------80, 802. 00 Net total expenditures------------------- ----------------- 80, 802. 00 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------- 85, 802.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_-------------------------- Cost of maintenance.------------------- $10, 213. 91 $1,703. 91 ------------ $6,847. 25 $1, 870.50 Total expended---------------..............--- ----- 10, 213. 91 1, 703. 91 -$898. 00 6, 847. 25 1, 870. 50 Allotted ------------... . 4,000. 00 ------------ .----------------- 5, 102. 00 ............1,500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------- - $5, 370. 50 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------------------------------- ---- 5, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for ,__--------------------------- 10, 370. 50 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment---------------- 3,500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------ 6, 870. 50 Gross amount expended ---- , 870. 50 1------------------------- Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 5, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - -- --- --- - ------ - -- - -- -- - -- - - 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 4, 000. 00 17. INLAND WATERWAY, BEAUFORT, N. C., TO THE CAPE FEAR RIVER, INCLUDING WATERWAY TO JACKSONVILLE, N. C. Location and description.--This waterway begins at Beaufort Harbor and follows the general line of the coast, passing through Bogue Sound and the sounds and marine marshes to the south, to a point in Myrtle Sound just north of Carolina Beach, crossing the Exclusive of available funds. 638 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 mainland at this point into Cape Fear River, which it enters about 16 miles below Wilmington. The distances are as follows: Beaufort Harbor to Swansboro, 25.4 miles; thence 17 miles to New River; thence 47.2 miles to the crossing point near the southern end of Myrtle Sound; thence 1.6 miles through the mainland to Cape Fear River; thence 2.3 miles to the channel in Cape Fear River; making a total of 93.5 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Charts Nos. 1234 and 1235.) Original condition.-The improvement of this waterway'began in 1886. At that time the portion between Beaufort and Swansboro had a governing low-water depth of 18 inches; the portion between Swansboro and New River had tortuous tidal channels winding through the marine marsh between the mainland on one side and the barrier beach on the other, the governing low-water depth being 6 inches; the governing low-water depth for New River was 4 feet to Jacksonville, and the channel was narrow and circuitous, especially around Wrights Island and Cedar Bush marsh. Tar Landing, 8 miles above Jacksonville, was the practical head of navigation, though rafting and logging could be carried on for some distance above this point. The portion between New River and the southern end of Myrtle Sound near Carolina Beach is through shallow chan- nels and marshes and is not navigable by rowboats at low water. Between Myrtle Sound and the Cape Fear River the elevation varies from zero to 22 feet and over the portion in Cape Fear River the depth varies from zero to 12 feet. Previous projects.-The river and harbor acts of July 4, 1836, March 3, 1837, and July 3, 1838, appropriated $50,000 in all for the improvement of New River, and additional improvement was sub- sequently authorized by the river and harbor acts of August 2, 1882, March 3, 1905, and June 25, 1910. The river and harbor act of Sep- tember 19, 1890, authorized the improvement of the portion between New River and Swansboro, and the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886, authorized the improvement of the portion between Swans- boro and Beaufort Harbor. The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, consolidated the projects under the title "Inland Waterway, Beaufort to Jacksonville, N. C." The cost and expenditures prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1927 were $198,706.92 for new work and $107,633.94 for maintenance, a total of $306,340.86. For further details of previous projects see page 1803 of Annual Report for 1915; and page 585 (for New River), page 587 (for waterway between New River and Swansboro), and page 589 (for waterway between Beaufort Harbor and New River; that is, portion between Beaufort and Sawnsboro), Annual Report for 1917; and Annual Report for 1926, page 533. Existing project.-This provides for a waterway 12 feet deep at mean low water with a bottom width of 90 feet, extending along the coast, from Beaufort, N. C., to the Cape Fear River, a distance of 93.5 miles, with such modifications in routing as the Chief of Engineers may find desirable and economical, and including the provision of a tidal lock near the Cape Fear end and a highway bridge in its vicinity. The project also provides for a channel 3 feet deep at mean low water and 40 feet wide in New River to Jack- sonville, N. C. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 639 The tidal range varies from 31/2 feet at the inlets to 1 foot at points between. The tidal range for New River varies from 31/2 feet at New River Inlet to 1 foot at the head of the marshes and nothing at Tar Landing, 31 miles above. At the Beaufort end of this waterway the extreme range of tide is 4.8 feet. At the various inlets between Beaufort Inlet and New River Inlet the extreme range of tides is probably from 3/ feet to 4 feet. At the Cape Fear River end the mean range is 3.5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $3,800,000. The latest (1926) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $150,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of August 8, 1917, provided for the channel to Jacksonville (H. Doc. No. 1775, 64th Cong., 2d sess.), and the act of January 21, 1927, provided for the 12-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 450, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The local interests at Jacksonville, N. C.,1 ex- pended about $300 in 1910 in dredging a cut-off immediately below the town. The river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, in adopting the 12-foot project imposes the conditions that local interests fur- nish, without cost to the United States, a right of way 1,000 feet wide, and give assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers that they will take over the highway bridge on its completion and maintain and operate it in perpetuity. The State of North Carolina, by act of its general assembly, session of 1927, authorized the secretary of,state of North Carolina to acquire title to the entire right of way for the State and subse- quently convey the title to the United States, and appropriated $75,000 for that purpose. It further authorized and directed that the State highway commission or the road-governing body of any political subdivision of the State of North Carolina to take over and maintain any bridge or bridges which the United States may con- struct across the waterway. The State of North Carolina has deeded to the United States land for right of way in sections 1, 2, 4, and 5. Terminal facilities.-The north end of this waterway is in Beau- fort Harbor and harbor at Morehead City, the terminal facilities of which are described in the reports for those improvements in this report. There are 23 wharves at or near Swansboro which are also referred to in this report on the impovement of inland waterway, Beaufort to Jacksonville, N. C. ,Throughout the rest of the water- way the route is through unimproved sections containing no terminal facilities. The facilities are considered adequate for existing com- merce. For a full description of terminal facilities at Beaufort, Morehead City, and Swansboro, see House Document No. 652, Sixty- sixth Congress, second session. Effect of improvement.-Work on this project has not been com- pleted and as yet has had no appreciable effect. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work of the year consisted of dredging under contract, dredging with Government 11714---ae 1930---41 640 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 plant, construction of temporary bridge and detour road across the waterway under contract, maintenance of temporary bridge and detour road, revision of plans for permanent highway bridge, prep- aration of plans and specifications for dredging and miscellaneous surveys including the collection of data in connection with lock, jetties, inlets or other control works. Work was continued on the contracts for dredging in Section I, extending from Beaufort to Swansboro; Section II, extending from Swansboro to New River, and Section V, extending from the Myrtle Sound end of the land cut to the 12-foot contour in the Cape Fear River. Work was started on contracts made for removing 4,011,234 cubic yards of material from Section IV, extending from the causeway at Wrights- ville to the Myrtle Sound end of Section V. Work was completed by contracts for Sections II and V, and the Southern end of Section IV, except rock excavation found necessary in Section II. New work during the year consisted of the removal of the following ma- terial, under contract; from Section I, 4,221,981 cubic yards; from Section II, 5,003,201 cubic yards; from Section IV, 3,274,726 cubic yards; from Section V, 942,164 cubic yards; and, by Government plant, from Section V, 165.513 cubic yards; making a total of 13,- 607,585 cubic yards. In addition to the above; Government plant removed 90,871 cubic yards of material in maintaining the Cape Fear River end of Section V. In maintaining temporary bridge 423.9 tons of stone were placed around piers and abutments and 104.1 tons of clay gravel were used in maintaining the detour road. This work resulted in securing project dimensions in 225,153 linear feet of the waterway and the partial completion of 4,700 additional linear feet, where rock was encountered; restoring to project dimen- sions 4,400 linear feet of the waterway, construction and maintenance of temporary bridge and detour road. The cost of the work was $1,004,406.45 for new work and $8,948.51 for maintenance, a total of $1,013,354 96. The total expenditures were $933,571.48. Condition at end of fiscal year.-At the end of the fiscal year, the project was approximately 40 per cent completed. About 49 miles of the total length, 93.5 miles, of the waterway have been dredged to project dimensions and about 1 mile dredged to partial dimensions. The available depths, at mean low water are as follows: From Beaufort to a point 22 miles west the depth is 12 feet; from this point to Swansboro, 3 miles, the depth is 4 feet; from Swansboro to a point 12 miles west the depth is 12 feet; for the next mile the depth varies from 7 to 12 feet; thence to New River, 4 miles, the depth is 1 feet. No work has been done on the section between New River and the causeway at Wrightsville, a distance of 351/2 miles. This section passes through marine marshes, 1 to 2 feet above low water, containing many small shallow channels navigable by rowboats only at highwater. From the causeway at Wrights- ville to a point 6 miles west, the depth is 12 feet; for the next 2 miles the depth is 1 foot; and from this point to the channel in Cape Fear River, 8 miles, the depth is 12 feet. Work remaining to be done consists of the removal of approximately 15,000,000 cubic yards of material and 80,000 cubic yards of rock. In addition, the project contemplates the construction of steel highway bridge across RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 641 the waterway, and possibly the construction of a tide lock on the section between Cape Fear River and Myrtle Sound. The total cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1930, was $1,135,- 695.43 for new work and $8,986.62 for maintenance, a total of $1,144,682.05. The total expenditures on the existing project to June 30, 1930, were $1,033,923.62. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($1,256,105.83), will be used for continuing work under the project as follows: Completing dredging in Section I, under existing contract July- September, 1,003,855 cubic yards at 5.79 cents per cubic yard__ $58, 123. 20 Completing dredging in Section IV, under existing contracts, 736,508 cubic yards at 6.67 cents per cubic yard _____ ---- 49, 125. 08 Dredging in Section III by contract or by Government plant, Sept. 1, 1930, to June 30, 1931, 13,500,000 cubic yards at 6.56+ cents per cubic yard__------------------- __---- __ --- 885, 750. 00 Construction of permanent highway bridge, Section V-----------110, 500. 00 Collecting data in connection with lock, jetties, inlets, or other control work-- ------------------------------------------ 8, 777. 89 Superintendence and contingencies ------- --- -- - - 27, 551. 50 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_ .. ____________- ___- 116, 278. 16 Total--- ---------------------------------------- 1, 256, 105. 83 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($386,000), will be applied to removing rock from the channel, and completing dredging in Section III, as follows : Completing dredging in Section III--------------------------- $100, 000 Removing 80,000 cubic yards of rock at $2 per yard ------------- 160, 000 Maintenance dredging in completed sections_-- _____---126, 000 1_____- Total---------------- ---- ---------------- ---------- 386, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 62,026 tons, valued at $1,093,922 of which 59,776 tons, valued at $1,066,922 passed over the improved sections. Farm and water products were carried in gas boats drawing from 3 to 7 feet; lumber and fuel oil by barges drawing from 4 to 7 feet, timber was rafted and towed. The principal items were lumber, timber, fish, and oil. No boat lines were established or abandoned. The commerce is practically the same as for the previous year. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. Comparative statement General commerce Timber, rafted and towed Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925 ........-------------......................---------------------... 47, 817 $1, 166, 126 38, 418 $153, 672 1e, 000 1926- ......--------------------------------- 33, 419 973, 926 9, 750 39, 000 10, 000 1927 ...........................---------------------------------- 46, 457 1,194, 719 19, 878 79, 512 16, 000 1928-................---------.....................------------------------.. 47, 365 1,074, 920 16, 335 65, 340 2, 000 1929....................................... 45, 742 1,028, 786 16, 284 65,136 2, 000 642 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and ftiancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_------------------------ $1, 334, 402.35 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------- 116, 620.56 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 _______.. 1, 451, 022.91 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ----------- 841.21 Net total cost to June 30, 1930,-----------------------1, 451, 864.12 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 293.11 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930-------------------- 1,452, 157.23 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930----- ---------------- 111, 892. 75 Net total expenditures__-----------------------------1, 340,264.48 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_____------------------------- 1,256, 105.83 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 -___--____2, 596, 370.31 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work...-.-----------------------........... $497. 32 $130, 791.66 $1,004,406.45 Cost of maintenance_.. ................ ._ $181.42 $7, 457. 73 29. 45 8.66 8, 948. 51 Total cost------------------------ 181. 42 7, 457. 73 526. 77 130, 800. 32 1, 013, 354. 96 Total expended..-...........------------ 181. 42 7,457.73 -4, 826. 58 99, 840. 72 933, 571.48 Allotted............---------------------------------- 790,499.18 655, 000. 00 835, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_____,__ - -___ --- ____ $1, 354, 677.31 Amount allotted from War Dept. appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------ $850, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930------------------------------------- 135, 000. 00 985,000.00 Amount to be accounted for__- ------------------- 2, 339, 677.31 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment .----------- - 150, 000.00 Net amount to be accounted for__. ----------------- 2, 189, 677.31 Gross amount expended----------------------------------- 933, 571.48 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ------------------- 1, 256,105.83 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-------------216, 778. 16 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts -------- 113, 546.41 330, 324. 57 Balance available June 30, 1930_-..... __------ 925, 781.26 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930_ ----------------------- 293. 11 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930-------------- 926, 074.37 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - of existing project , 408, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - For new work 260, 000.00 - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - For maintenance 1 - - - - - - - - - 126, 000.00 - -- - -- --- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - Total 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- 386,000.00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 643 18. INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY FROM CAPE FEAR RIVER, N. C., TO WINYAH BAY, S. C. Location and description.-The waterway begins at Southport, N. C., and follows in general a route from the Cape Fear River up Elizabeth River 6.7 miles to a point near its headwaters; thence through high ground 2.6 miles to the headwaters of Davis Creek; thence down Davis Creek to the sounds and salt marshes and through the latter to Little River, S. C., a distance of 24.2 miles; thence up Little River 5.7 miles to its headwaters; thence through high ground 21.8 miles to the head of Socastee Creek; thence down Socastee Creek 6.5 miles to the Waccamaw River, and down the latter 27 miles to Winyah Bay; a total distance of 94.5 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1236 and 1237.) Original condition.-Cape Fear River, at the northern end of the waterway, had a mean low water depth of 26 feet. The depth in Elizabeth River varied from 12 feet at its mouth to zero at its head. Between the heads of Elizabeth River and Davis Creek the eleva- tion varied from zero to 30 feet. The portion between the head of Davis Creek and the point where the waterway enters Little River is through shallow channels and marshes, portions of which were not navigable by rowboats at low water. The depth in Little River varied from 12 feet, at the point where the waterway enters, to zero at its head. Between the heads of Little River and Socastee Creek the elevation varied from zero to 32 feet. The depth in Socastee Creek varied from zero at its head to 12 feet at its mouth. At the time of the adoption of the present project, a depth of 12 feet was being maintained in the Waccamaw River between the mouth of Socastee Creek and Winyah Bay. Previous projects.-No previous project exists for this waterway as a whole. The improvement of the portion of Waccamaw River, between the mouth of Socastee Creek and Winyah Bay, to a depth of 12 feet was provided for by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. (S. Ex. Doc. No. 117, 46th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Re- port for 1880, p. 848.) Existing project.-This provides for a waterway 8 feet deep at mean low water with a bottom width of 75 feet, between Cape Fear River, N. C., and Winyah Bay, S. C., a distance of approximately 94.5 miles. The mean range of tide on Cape Fear bar is 4.5 feet; at inlets 4 feet, varying to 2 feet at points midway between inlets and in Winyah Bay, at Georgetown, 3.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1929, is $5,269,000. The latest (1929) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $50,200. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 41, 71st Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the latter document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The existing project imposes the conditions that local interests shall construct and maintain all bridges over the waterway and furnish free of cost to the United States, rights of way of sufficient width for the canal prism and the disposal of spoil there- from. These conditions have not been complied with. 644 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities on the Cape Fear and Waccamaw Rivers and at Georgetown, S. C., are described in House Document No. 652, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session. There are .numerous wharves and landings along the present waterways which are used mostly for shipping agricultural products. These wharves are of the open pile and timber type. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce and it is believed that additional facilities will be provided, as needed, after completion of the -waterway. Effect of imnprovement.-No work has yet been done on the project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work has been done on the project and no expenditures have been made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has yet been done on the project. Twenty-six feet at mean low water is available in Cape Fear River, 6 feet at mean low water is available in Elizabeth River from the mouth to a point 4 miles above. Between Elizabeth River and Davis Creek, the elevation varies from zero to 30 feet. A tor- tuous channel, having a depth of about 11/2 feet at high water, is available between Davis Creek and Little River, S. C. Between Little River and Socastee Creek, the elevation reaches a maximum of 32 feet. The project depth of 12 feet is maintained in the Wacca- maw River from above Socastee Creek to the mouth, and 15 feet at mean low water is available in Winyah Bay. No expenditures have been made on the existing project. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is pro- posed during the year ending June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 ($600,000) will be applied to dredging, by contract or with Government plant, on the 8-foot project adopted by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930. Commercial statistics.-Thecommerce on the section between Cape Fear River and Little River, for the calendar year 1926, amounted to 13,909 tons, valued at $1,125,318, and consisted of foodstuffs, farm products, and miscellaneous general merchandise. The commerce on Waccamaw River below Star Bluff for the calendar year 1927 amounted to 144,921 tons, valued at $2,398,466, and consisted of food- stuffs, lumber, timber, and miscellaneous general merchandise. These are the latest statistics available. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------------- --- -------------- $5, 269, 000 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for new work ------------------------------------- 600, 000 19. HARBOR AT MO:REHEAD CITY, N. C. Location and description.-This harbor is situated on the northern shore of Bogue Sound, adjacent to Beaufort Harbor and Inlet. New Bern, N. C., the nearest city of importance, is about 43 miles RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 645 by inland waterway to the northwest. Norfolk, Va., to the north, is about 225 miles by ocean route and 200 miles by inland waterways. The harbor is formed behind an island of marsh. Its general dimen- sions are about 1,000 feet by 4,000 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey Chart No. 420.) Original condition.-There was a shallow channel, nearly dry at low water, on which the wharves of the city were built, which con- nected with deep water in Bogue Sound. Boats drawing over 1 foot or 11/2 feet could not navigate the channel at low tide. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide from deep water in Beaufort Outer Harbor to Sixth Street, Morehead City, thence 200 to 400 feet wide to Tenth Street, and for a channel 6 feet deep and 75 feet wide connecting the western end of the harbor with Bogue Sound. The average rise of the tide is about 2.5 feet. One year's observations show that the extreme range of tides is 4.8 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1930, is $55,000, with $4,000 annually for maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 649, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) provided for channels 10 feet deep; and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the 12-foot channel and for the 6-foot channel to Bogue Sound (H. Doc. No. 105, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The project for improvement, as adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, provided that local interests should construct a bulkhead 500 feet in length in front of Morehead City and cause to be conveyed to the United States the right to deposit between said bulkhead and the shore the material excavated from the channel; and provided further that local interests of the town of Morehead City should provide at least one wharf of adequate facilities, the use of which to be open to all on equal terms. These conditions have been complied with. Approximately one-half mile of concrete sheet-pile bulkhead was built at a cost of about $30,000, and the conveyance of the right to deposit excavated material therein was accepted by the Chief of Engineers on June 19, 1912. The town of Morehead City executed an agreement (approved by the Secretary of War January 19, 1911) to establish and maintain in perpetuity a public wharf with adequate shipping facilities and to permit all water craft to use the said wharf on equal terms for reasonable rates of compensation. In accordance with this agreement a wharf costing approximately $1,200 was built and is being main- tained. About $5,000 has been expended by local interests in dredging to extend the improved channel. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, authorizing the 12-foot channel provided that local interests shall furnish suitable facilities for transferring com- merce between rail and water carriers and shall provide without cost to the United States suitable spoil-disposal areas. These conditions have not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-There are 37 wharves along the main water front of the town, all of timber construction with pile foundations. They have a frontage varying from 4 to 180 feet, the total frontage 646 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY, 1930 being about 1,182 feet. One is the city wharf, with a frontage of 50 feet, open to use by all without charge. The remaining wharves are all privately owned, but are generally open to use by all water carriers when not in use by the owners. At the extreme eastern extremity of the town are the remains of old Pier No. 1, built on iron piles with timber deck. The spur track which was formerly on this wharf has been removed and the warehouse, 75 feet by 170 feet, is in ruins. There is no place where commerce can be transferred direct from rail to water carriers or vice versa, and in this respect the terminal facilities are considered inadequate. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to allow boats of deeper draft to reach the wharves at Morehead City, which made possible a regular line of boats between Morehead City, N. C., and Norfolk, Va., and caused a reduction of rail and water freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done during the year and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project for the 10-foot channel was completed in 1913. No work has been done on' the 1930 modification providing for a 12-foot channel. The limiting depth at the close of the fiscal year was 10 feet at mean low water. The cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1930, was $20,291.58 for new work and $18,736.99 for maintenance, a total of $39,028.57. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1930, were $39,028.57. Proposed operations.-No funds are on hand and no work is pro- posed during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as it is not thought any maintenance dredging will be required. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 15,067 tons, valued at $2,437,927, all of which passed over the im- proved sections in gas and sail boats drawing from 3 to 7 feet. The principal items were water products. No boat lines were established or abandoned during the year. No change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement was made. The total commerce is practically the same as for the previous year. Comparative statement General commerce Timber, rafted and Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925--------------.....................................------------------- 15, 248 $2, 089,972 2, 700 $10, 800 12, 000 1926.---------------------------------- 15, 723 1, 819, 769 .__ 12, 000 1927-----------..............-------------- - --..............---...... --- 14,870 2,340,884 2,222 8,888 14,000 ------------------ 1928--------------..............----........................ 14, 626 2, 146, 115 --------------------- 3, 000 1929 ---------------------------------- 14,131 2, 434,183 936 3,744 3, 500 RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 647 Cost and fnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $20, 291. 58 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 18, 736. 99 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------- 39, 028. 57 Net total expenditures------- ------------------------------ 39, 028. 57 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- 39, 028. 57 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .....------------------------- ---- ------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance.--.------------ -$3, 745.07 $104. 17 $12. 20 $12. 20 Total expended---------------..................--......... 3, 745.07 104. 17 12. 20 12.20 ......... Allotted------....... ---------------------------------.. 5,000.00 ------------ ----- ------ -$4,871.43 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------- ---------- $4, 871. 43 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment--------------- 4, 871. 43 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------- -------------------------- 35,000.00 20. BEAUFORT INLET, N. C. Location and description. Beaufort Inlet connects Beaufort Har- bor with the Atlantic Ocean and is about 3 miles from the town of Beaufort. It is about 11/3 miles wide. Cape Fear is about 93 miles to the southwest; Norfolk, Va., is about 225 miles by ocean route to the north. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 420.) Original condition.-There was a minimum depth on the bar of about 12 feet at mean low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 300 feet wide and 20 feet deep at mean low water, Beaufort datum, across the bar, to be obtained by dredging. The length of this channel is 11,500 feet. The average rise of tide is 2.5 feet at Beaufort and 3.5 feet at the inlet. From automatic tide gage readings of over three years the extreme range of tides is 7.9 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1903, was $45,000. The latest (1903) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905 (H. Doc. No. 563, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). For the latest map see House Document No. 1454, Sixtieth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no wharves on this improvement, and none are needed. Effect of imqprovement.-The improvement has had a favorable effect on rail and water freight rates and provides an outlet to the ocean for the inland waterway from Norfolk to Beaufort Inlet. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The work during the year consisted of dredging, using Government plant and hired labor. The seagoing hopper dredge Comstock removed from the Ocean Bar Channel 166,241 cubic yards of material, which resulted in restoring the channel to project depth. The cost of the work was $20,405.99 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $24,232.89. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1910. At the close of the year a depth of 16.5 feet at mean low water was the limiting depth of the channel, the controlling width being about 150 feet. The cost of the work under the existing project to 648 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 June 30, 1930, was $44,484.24 for new work and $193,109.47 for maintenance, a total of $237,593.71. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1930, were $237,593.71. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($338.29), will be used for maintenance. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($13,500), will be applied to maintenance dredging. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 60,522 tons, valued at $2,147,285, all of which passed over the im- proved sections. Fuel oil, lumber, cross-ties- and junk iron were carried in barges drawing from 6 to 10 feet. The remainder of the commerce was carried in gas boats drawing from 4 to 6 feet. No boat lines were established or abandoned during the year. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. The increase was due to a large amount of fuel oil passing out of the inlet and to increased catches of fish. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value _- 1925-------- __- ---- 55, 851 $1, 648, 566 1928-_ ... --. -- 52,969 1, 094, 024 1926---- ----------------- 31, 722 826, 750 1929---------------------60, 522 2, 147, 285 1927 --------------------- 49, 743 918, 014 Cost and ftnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930___--------------------------- $44, 484. 24 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------193, 109.47 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------237, 593.71 Net total expenditures .--------- ---------------------------- 237, 593.71 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ----------------------- ___ 338. 29 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 237, 932. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work_. Cost of maintenance ---------------------------- $41, 658. 03 $20, 436. 14 $27, 155. 72 $20, 405. 99 Total expended_.------------------------------ 41, 658. 03 24,061. 14 23,328.82 24, 232. 89 Allotted.----- ------------------------- ---------- 65, 870. 08 26, 249. 09 28, 000. 00 -6, 500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__---------------------------- $31, 071.18 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment________- ____ _ 6, 500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for ____________--____ _ 24, 571. 18 Gross amount expended ----------------------------------- 24, 232. 89 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 338. 29 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 -- ______----------163. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930---------------- 175.29 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- 30, 1932, for maintenance ' _- ___ __ 13, 500. 00 xExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 649 21. HARBOR OF REFUGE, CAPE LOOKOUT, N. C. Location and description.-Cape Lookout is the middle of the three prominent capes on the coast of North Carolina. Cape Hat- teras is about 74 miles to the northeast and Cape Fear about 95 miles to the southwest. Wilmington, N. C., is 125 miles distant by water in a southwesterly direction, and Norfolk, Va., is 225 miles north- erly. The harbor, which is 15/%by 1,/4 miles, is formed by a natural indentation of the shore line and by a breakwater. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Society Charts Nos. 421 and 1233.) Original condition.-A triangular-shaped area of beach projected into the ocean in a southerly direction for about 3 miles and formed the cape. This area was connected with the general line of the coast by a narrow neck of land on the eastern side of the triangle, and the body of water extending behind the western point of the triangle formed the harbor of Lookout Bight, into which vessels drawing 15 feet could enter at mean low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a harbor of refuge inclosing by means of a rubble-stone breakwater 7,050 feet long, an area of 575 acres, of 30 feet or more in depth at mean low water. The mean range of tide is 3.7 feet. Automatic tide-gage readings of over three years show 7.9 feet as the extreme range of tides. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1925, is $2,524,000. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. 528, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 25, Fifty-fifth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are two wharves in this harbor of timber construction with pile foundations. They have a frontage of about 6 feet each. One is owned by the United States and the other by a small fish factory. They are generally open to use by small boats without charge. The existing facilities are considered ade- quate for the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The harbor is open during the entire year. Although the improvement is not yet completed, a total of 77 vessels used the harbor as a place of refuge during the calendar year 1928, as follows: Steamers ------------------- 41 United States vessels----------14 Tugs----------------------------6 Dredges1-------------------- 1 Barges-------------------------- 7 Yachts -------------------------- 3 Total -------------- 77 Sailing vessels------------------- 5 Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The work for the year consisted of maintenance of the sand fences. The existing sand fences were maintained and sea oats planted to assist in retaining the sand. The cost of the work was $1,700.16, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $1,700.16. 650 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. ^ . ARMY, 198 0 Condition at end of fiscal year.---The project is now 56 per cent completed. The breakwater is now showing below low water from the original shore line to a point 4,800 feet beyond with the mattress stone deposited 200 feet in advance of this. The original shore line has moved 1,700 feet seaward on the south side of the breakwater, and the wall for its entire length is from 3 to 6 feet lower than originally built. The total length of the breakwater, exclusive of shore connection when completed according to the project, will be 7,000 feet. The controlling depth at the harbor entrance at the close of the fiscal year was 42 feet. The cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1930, was $1,363,798.72 for new work and $32,498.31 for maintenance, a total of $1,396,297.03. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1930, were $1,396,187.03. Proposed operations.- The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($2,332.97), will be applied to maintenance as follows: Maintenance of sand fences------------------- ---------- $2, 000.00 Superintendence and contingencies 22. 97 2--------------------- .Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------------------------110.00 Total------------ ----------------------------------- 2, 332. 97 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($1,500), will be applied to maintenance of sand fences. The breakwater has been completed to a sufficient distance from shore to provide protection required at this time and its extension during 1932 is not believed necessary, therefore, no funds for new work are requested. Commercial statistics.-This harbor was used only as a harbor of refuge, hence no commercial statistics are given. For the number of vessels using the harbor as a harbor of refuge, see the list of vessels given under paragraph Effect of improvement above. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------ $1, 363, 798. 72 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 32, 498. 31 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 1, 396, 297.03 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930----------------------- 110. 00 Net total expenditures---------------------------- 1, 396, 187. 03 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ ------------------------- 2, 332. 97 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------- 1, 398, 520. 00 ~ Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 g 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work----------------....-- -------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance.----. ---. $1, 659. 85 $1, 580. 21 $1,459.39 $2, 189.63 $1, 700. 16 Total expended_ _........-................. 1, 659. 85 1, 580. 21 -5,020. 61 2,079. 63 1, 700.16 Allotted.............----......---------------..........------------....------ 8, 000.00 -6, 480. 00 ------------ 2, 000.00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 651 Balancce unexpended July 1, 1929 __.._._-_------------------ $2, 033. 13 Amournt allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- provred May 28, 1930----------- --------------------------- 2, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for_----------------------- 4, 033. 13 Gross amount expended------------------------------------ 1, 700.16 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------- - 2, 332. 97 Outstr anding liabilities June 30, 1930-------------------------- 110.00 Balance available June 30, 1930- ---------------------- 2, 222. 97 Amournt (estimated) 1 required to be appropriated for completion of - - - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - -- - -- exis sting project 1, 160,000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance-------- - ---- ----------- 1, 500. 00 22. CAPE FEAR RIVER, N. C., AT AND BELOW WILMINGTON Location and description.-Cape Fear River is formed by the con- fluence at Haywood, N. C., in Chatham County, of the Deep and Haw Rivers. It flows in a southeasterly direction and empties into the Atlantic Ocean at Cape Fear, near the southern extremity of the State. Its total length is about 400 miles. The improvement of the river is divided into two parts-the section above Wilmington and the section at and below Wilmington. The stream is partly tidal, the tide having a reach of 70 miles. It has a drainage area of about 350 square miles. This does not include the drainage area of Cape Fear River above Wilmington, 7,167 square miles, or of Northeast River, 1,600 square miles. The average discharge at ebb tide is about 160,000 second-feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 424 and 425.) Original condition.-The condition of the river prior to the open- ing of New Inlet (which is said to have occurred during an equinoc- tial storm in 1761) is rather uncertain, but old maps indicate that there was a low-water depth of 14 feet across the bar at the mouth, the least depth between Wilmington and the mouth being 7.5 feet. There is also some uncertainty as to the conditions in 1829, when the improvement was undertaken by the United States, but the most reliable information is that there was then about 7 to 7.5 feet at low water in the river, about 9 feet in Baldhead Channel, 9 feet in the Rip Channel, and 10 feet at New Inlet. Work on the bar was begun in 1853, at which time the bar depths at low water were 7.5 feet in Baldhead Channel, 7 feet in Rip Channel, and 8 feet at New Inlet, the governing low-water depths in the river having been increased to 9 feet. Previous projects.-The first improvement of this stretch of the river was undertaken under authority of the river and harbor act of March 2, 1829. Additional improvements were subsequently au- thorized by river and harbor acts of July 22, 1854; July 11, 1870; March 3, 1873; June 23, 1874; September 19, 1890; June 13, 1902; and March 2, 1907. The cost and expenditures on these projects were $4,625,614.67 for new work and $602,614.25 for maintenance, making a total of $5,228,228.92. (For further details of previous projects see p. 1804 of Annual Report for 1915.) 1 Exclusive of available funds. 652 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Emisting project.-The existing project provides for a channel across the bar 30 feet deep and 400 feet wide from Baldhead Point in a southwesterly direction; thence 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide in the river up to Wilmington, with increased width at bends; and for an anchorage basin of the same depth at Wilmington 2,000 feet long, 900 feet wide at the upper end, and 1,100 feet at the lower end, with approaches 1,500 feet long at both ends, and for a turning basin 30 feet deep at Wilmington, 1,000 feet long, and 600 feet wide, with approaches 500 feet long at both ends, located opposite the principal terminals. The plane of reference is mean low water. The length of the section under improvement is about 30 miles, the upper limit being at Hilton Bridge (Atlantic Coast Line and Seaboard Air Line Railroads) on Northeast Cape Fear River, 13/4 miles above its mouth. The average rise of the tide is 4.5 feet at the ocean bar, 3.5 feet at Keg Island, and 2.5 feet at Wilmington. The extreme range of tides is about 6.7 feet at the ocean bar, 5.7 feet at Orton Cove, and 4.1 feet at Wilmington. The estimated cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $1,745,700, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $225,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of July 25, 1912, provided for a channel 26 feet deep (H. Doc. No. 287, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of March 2, 1919, provided for a depth of 30 feet across the bar (H. Doc. No. 746, 65th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of September 22, 1922, modified the project to the extent of providing a new channel across the bar 30 feet deep and 400 feet wide from Baldhead Point in a southwesterly direction (H. Doc. No. 94, 67th Cong., 1st sess.). No work has been done on the 30-foot channel provided for by the act of March 2, 1919, and the act of September 22, 1922, eliminates this modification. The act of July 3, 1930, modified the 26-foot project to Wilmington by providing for 30 feet, with a turning basin opposite the principal terminals (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 39, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in the annual report for 1914, page 2018, and in House Document No. 615, Seventieth Congress, second ses- sion. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 62 wharves of all classes at Wil- mington. The city owns 8, constructed of timber at street front- ages, and these are generally in fair condition. They are open to all free of charge. Their total frontage is about 710 feet. The Seaboard Air Line Railway Co. has 3 wharves with frontages of 770, 1,190, and 961 feet, respectively (including slips). They have a total river frontage of approximately 1,850 feet. Their warehouses are equipped with modern mechanical appliances for transferring car- goes from vessels. At the northern end of the city the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Co. has wharves as follows: 1 with 980 feet frontage and 1 with 133 feet frontage. For a distance of 806 feet farther south their frontage includes a slip 62 feet wide, containing 1 general freight wharf with 144 feet frontage, 1 coal dock with 60 feet frontage, and 1 oil dock having 175 feet frontage. Still farther south there is a wharf with 237 feet frontage. All of these wharves RIVERS AND HARBORS--WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 653 except the last one are equipped with modern cargo-handling de- vices. The Wilmington Compress & Warehouse Co. has a frontage of 436 feet, is in first-class condition, and is equipped with a Hunt elevator for unloading fertilizer; and the warehouses are provided with distributing tracks. The Springer Coal Co. and the Champion Compress Co. have wharves well equipped with transfer facilities. The Clyde Steamship Co. has a wharf of 425 feet frontage with a large warehouse. The American Molasses Co. has a wharf with 140 feet frontage. There are several old wharves belonging to com- panies dealing in naval stores, but the only terminals suitable for transferring cargoes from ocean steamers are those belonging to the railroads, the Champion Compress Co., the Wilmington Com- press & Warehouse Co., and the Clyde Steamship Co. All of the terminals owned and operated by the railroads and all of the terminals owned, leased, and operated by the Wilmington Compress & Warehouse Co. are open to the public. All are now being operated in accordance with the Glen tariff, as prescribed by the Interstate Commerce Commission. A maximum of eight ships can be unloaded simultaneously. The War Department (Engineer office) has a wharf with 530 feet frontage and the Treasury Department (Coast Guard) one with 336 feet frontage. It is believed that the terminals at Wilmington are adequate at the present time for the commerce through this port. Below Wilmington the wharves number 23, of which 1, with 100 feet frontage, located 3 miles below Wilmington, is owned and used by the Texas Co. ; 1, with 46 feet frontage, located about 3 miles be- low Wilmington, is owned and used by the National Oil Co.; 1 is located at Fort Caswell, and 13 at Southport. They are all of timber construction with pile supports and plank decking. They have a frontage varying from 40 to 226 feet. One wharf at South- port is owned by the War Department (Engineers) and is in good condition. The remainder, all privately owned, are in fair condi- tion and are free to water carriers when not needed by the owners. (For further description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Vessels coming to Wilmington are much larger than formerly. The increase in tonnage has caused a corre- sponding decrease in water freight rates but no decrease in rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work was done by Government plant and hired labor and consisted of dredging on the ocean bar and river channels with the seagoing dredge Comstock and the pipe-line dredge Henry Bacon. There were 353,298 net cubic yards of material removed from the ocean bar channel and 1,553,080 net cubic yards from the river channels, making a total of 1,906,378 net cubic yards. As a result of the year's work the ocean bar and river channels were maintained. The total cost of the work was $149,360.44, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $256,018.05. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1926, except the 1930 modification providing for a 30-foot channel to Wilmington and a turning basin at Wilmington. No work has been done under this modification. At the end of the 654 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 fiscal year both New Inlet and Swash Defense Dams were in good condition. There was a mean low-water channel 30 feet deep over the ocean bar and 26 feet deep in the river up to Wilmington. The cost of the existing project up to June 30, 1930, was $960,658.14 for new work and $2,549,815.92 for maintenance, a total of $3,510,- 474.06. The total expenditures on the existing project to June 30, 1930, were $3,836,835.50. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1930 ($434,129.50), to maintaining the ocean bar and river channels as follows: Operating seagoing dredge Comstock on the maintenance of the ocean bar channel 1 month, July 1930, at $15,000-------- ------ $15, 000. 00 Constructing new steel barge for dredge Comstock---------------- .... 12, 000. 00 Operating pipe-line dredge Henry Bacon on maintenance of the river channel, 4 months between July 1, 1930, and June 30, 1931, as needed, at $18,000------------------------------------- 72, 000. 00 Constructing new steel hull for dredge Henry Bacon, transferring machinery, including superintendence and contingencies--------- 293, 000. 00 Superintendence and contingencies----------------- ----------- 18, 242. 92 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-- ------------------------ 23, 886. 58 Total---------- ---------------------------------- 434, 129. 50 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($180,000), will be applied to maintenance of the ocean bar and river channels as follows: Operating the seagoing dredge Comstock on the maintenance of the ocean bar channel, 4 months between July 1, 1930, and June 30, 1932, as needed, at $15,000------------ ---------- ----------- ---- $60, 000 Operating pipe-line dredge Henry Bacon on maintenance of the river channel 6 months, between July 1, 1931, and June-30, 1932, as needed, at $18,000 ------ -------------------------------------- 108, 000 Superintendence and contingencies--------------- 000 1---------------2, Total ------------------------- -------------------- 180, 000 The amount requested for maintenance exceeds the average ex- penditures for the past five years, but is less than the average for the past 10 years. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 1,409,458 tons, valued at $79,231,480, all of which passed over the improved sections. The foreign commerce amounted to 274,643 tons, valued at $20,136,883, carried by steam and motor ships and sail vessels drawing from 15 to 271/2 feet. The principal items of com- merce were fertilizer material, cotton, and gasoline. The decrease in tonnage was due to the falling off in receipts of cement and sugar. The increase in value was due to increased receipts of molasses and to receipts of gasoline. The coastwise commerce amounted to 682,436 tons, valued at $37,340,839. The principal items were oils, fertilizer material, and general merchandise, carried by steam and motor ships, sail vessels, and barges drawing from 9 feet to 27 feet and 1 inch, and gasoline boats drawing from 3 to 7 feet. The increase was due to larger receipts of gasoline, kerosene, and fertilizer materials. RIVERS AND HARBORS--WILMINGTON N. C., DISTRICT 655 The internal commerce amounted to 25,233 tons, valued at $621,031. The principal items were lumber, coal, and fuel oil. The commerce was carried by gas and steam boats and flats drawing from 3 to 7 feet. The increase was due to a larger consumption of fuel oil and coal by Government and contract dredges working on the river. The Wilmington Harbor commerce amounted to 236,448 tons, valued at $4,182,455. The principal items were oil, lumber, timber, and fertilizer materials. The commerce was handled by steam and motor ships, sail vessels, and barges drawing from 14 to 191/2 feet, and by gas boats and flats drawing from 3 to 5 feet. The increase was due to increased receipts of oil. No boat lines were established and two were abandoned. Of the total amount 190,698 tons, valued at $16,950,272, remained on ships in passing in and out of the harbor (cargoes in transit). Comparative statement General commerce Round timber, cargoes rafted in transit Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925- ------ ------------------------- 968, 893 $62,653,028 1 112, 616 $6,472,022 6, 318 1926-.-------------------------------- 905, 311 59, 042, 419 2 109, 273 10, 301, 714 6, 000 1927.--_---.--. ------------------------- 952, 071 61, 239, 109 3 147, 675 9,804,405 13, 418 1928 ----------------------------- . ..... 1, 032,710 59, 150,142 4292, 082 22, 920, 905 7, 792 1929---... . 1, 179, 229 .--------------------------- 62, 123, 084 5 230, 229 17, 108, 396 10, 096 1 Includes 53,856 tons of freight in transit, valued at $6,236,982. 2 Includes 63,197 tons of freight in transit, valued at $9,864,622. s Includes 95,157 tons of freight in transit, valued at $9,594,333. 4 Includes 235,360 tons of freight in transit, valued at $22,694,017. I Includes 190,698 tons of freight in transit, valued at $16,950,272. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-----------------------$5, 586, 272. 81 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------- --------------- 3, 152, 430. 17 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 --------- 8, 738, 702. 98 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---------- 341, 343. 80 Net total cost to June 30, 1930----------------------- 9, 080, 046. 78 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930--------------------- 4. 01 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930------------------- 9, 080, 050. 79 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------ 14, 986.37 Net total expenditures---------------------------- 9, 065, 064.42 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------------------- 434, 129. 50 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930___--- __--- - 9, 499, 193. 92 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------------------- $228,000.00 -- Cost of maintenance.------------------- 94, 250. 37 $226, 715. 04 $109, 467.77 $192, 791. 08 $149, 360.44 Total cost. . ._---------------------- 322, 250. 37 226, 715. 04 109, 467. 77 192, 791. 08 149, 360. 44 Total expended----------------------- 322,250.37 226,715.04 111,077.33 190,203. 89 256,018. 05 Allotted.....------------..-.-.-.--. - 245, 000. 00 171, 00 184, 000.00 .000. 150, 000. 00 515, 000.00 a $15,000 deducted and added to item 4, account value of Government yards. 11714---wNG 1930-42 656 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY , 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------- $175, 147.55 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930___--------------- $360, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929-------------------- 155, 000. 00 515, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for 147. 55 6---------------------------9 Gross amount expended---_ -------------------- 259, 022. 94 Less receipts from sales______--.------------ 3, 004. 89 256, 018. 05 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------- 434, 129. 50 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-------------------------23, 886. 58 Balance available June 30, 1930----_____--------------- 410, 242. 92 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------------ 4.01 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930_------------410, 246. 93 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------------------------------- 785, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 1, for maintenance ______________ ___- 180, 000. 00 23. CAPE FEAR RIVER ABOVE WILMINGTON, N. C. Location and description.-For description of river see preceding report on Cape Fear River, N. C., at and below Wilmington. This is partly a tidal stream. Length of tidal reach above Wilmington is about 39 miles. Above Smileys Falls, about 27 miles above Fayette. ville, the slope is very great, having a fall of 27 feet in 31/2 miles. Below Smileys Falls the slope is gentle, averaging less than 3 inches per mile, but from there to about 45 miles below Fayetteville the banks are high and the stream narrow, causing a very great freshet rise, amounting occasionally to 55 or 60 feet at Fayetteville. Low- water stages prevail about three months of the year. The current is fairly rapid on the upper section and sluggish on the lower section. The discharge at Fayetteville is about 200 second-feet in extreme drought up to 135,000 second-feet in high freshets. Original condition.-The river was navigable during about nine months of the year as far as Fayetteville. During low-water season, however, numerous shoals over the upper 66 miles of the river between Wilmington and Fayetteville gave a depth of only 12 to 14 inches. In addition the upper 75 miles was badly obstructed by sunken logs, overhanging trees, snags, etc. The remainder of the river was generally navigable the year round by vessels drawing about 3 feet of water, but even this section contained many snags and logs. Previous projects.-The first improvement of this section of the river was undertaken under authority of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. The river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, author- ized the first slack-water project. The cost and expenditures pre- vious to adoption of the existing project in 1910 were $149,119.19 for new work and $8,177.67 for maintenance, a total of $157,296.86. For further details of previous projects see page 1805 of Annual Report for 1915. Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 657 Existing project.-This provides for a navigable depth of 8 feet at low water from Navassa to the head of navigation at Fayetteville, 115 miles above Wilmington, by the construction of two locks and dams, and by the dredging of river shoals between Navassa and Fayetteville, and for a dredged channel from Wilmington to Navassa (4 miles) 22 feet deep at mean low water and 250 feet wide. The two locks are as follows: Distance Distance Maximum from aneailable Location Wilming- above dimen- Lift ton mouth sions Miles Miles Feet Feet Lock and Dam No.1._ Kings Bluff -........ 39 69 200 by 40 8 Lock and Dam No. 2------------ Browns Landing __... 71 101 200 by 40 12 Available Char- Percent- depth on aserf Kindof Type of construction age of Actual miter sillsacter atlow of founda- damof Kind comple- cost water tion tion Feet Lock and Dam No. 1---- 9 Sand .. _ Fixed___ Lock concrete, timber 100 $469, 672 crib; dam rock filled. Lock and Dam No. 2 -. 9 ___do -___ _do ___ Concrete lock, dam rock 100 553, 190 filled. The tide ranges from 21/2 feet at Wilmington to 1 foot at Lock No. 1, Kings Bluff, N. C., 39 miles above. The extreme range of lunar tides is 4.1 feet at Wilmington and 1.5 feet at Kings Bluff. The maximum variation due to floods ranges from 70 feet at Fayette- ville to 5 feet at Wilmington. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $1,122,600, of which local interests are to contribute $11,750, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1930) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $16,200. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 890, 60th Cong., 1st sess.), and modified by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, which provided for dredging a channel 22 feet deep to Navassa. (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 39, 71st Cong., 2d sess.) For latest published map see page 1130 of the Annual Report for 1896. Recommended modifcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, provided for a channel 22 feet deep and 250 feet wide from Wilmington to Navassa, subject to the provision that local interests shall contribute $11,750 to the cost of that work. This condition has not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-There are seven wharves between Wilmington and Fayetteville. They are generally of timber construction, with pile foundations and plank decking, but one consists of stone or log bulkheads, supporting earth fills. They have a frontage varying from 20 to 425 feet, the total frontage being about 750 feet. The height of the landing above water varies from 2 to 8 feet. Two of the wharves are equipped with 36-inch gage track. One fertilizer wharf is equipped with two Hunt elevators of 350-ton capacity, and 658 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 one with an electric crane of 1,000-ton capacity per 24 hours. Ex- cept for the wharves of the fertilizer works at Navassa, the wharves are generally in poor condition. Two fertilizer wharves are strictly private. The remainder are open to all water carriers free of charge when not needed by the owners. Terminals appear to be adequate for existing commerce. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., for a further description of terminal facilities.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to permit boats drawing 5 feet to go. 71 miles above Wilmington at all times, while formerly they could go only 39 miles, and to permit boats drawing 3 feet to go to Fayetteville, 115 miles above Wilming- ton, while formerly boats drawing only 2 feet could go there at all times. There has been no effect on rail and water freight rates. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-The work was done by Government plant and hired labor and consisted of snagging and dredging with the snag boat Fayetteville, and snagging with the derrick boat Northeast. The river was cleared of obstructions between points 16 and 72 miles above the mouth. There were re- moved 139 snags, 535 trees, 179 logs, and 33 stumps from the channel, and 814 trees from the banks. The snag boat Fayetteville removed 3,295 cubic yards, net, of material from shoals at points 39 and 72 miles above the mouth. The total cost of the work was $13,162.39, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $4,895.03. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The improvement is completed to the practical limit of the existing project with the exception of the modification of July 3, 1930, providing for a channel 22 feet deep to Navassa. No work has been done under this modification. The percentage of completion of the project is uncertain, as it is im- practicable to obtain and maintain the project depth above the locks by dredging. Locks Nos. 1 and 2 are completed. The controlling low water depths are 7 feet from Wilmington to Kings bluff, Lock No. 1.; 5 feet to Browns Landing, Lock No. 2; and 2 feet to Fayetteville, the head of navigation and 115 miles above Wilming- ton. The cost of the existing project to June 30, 1930, was $1,099,081.71 for new work and $138,786.11 for maintenance, a total of $1,237,867.82. The expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1930, were $1,317,421.12. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance un- expended July 1, 1930 ($14,512.25), to maintaining the channel between Wilmington and Fayetteville, 115 miles above, by snagging with the derrick boat Northeast between July 1, 1930, and June 30, 1931, as needed. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($9,000), will be applied to maintenance of the channel between Wilmington and Fayetteville by snagging with Government plant and hired labor. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 135,485 tons, valued at $1,339,488, all of which passed over the im- proved sections. Fertilizer material was carried by steamers and barges drawing from 16 to 19 feet; the remainder of the commerce was carried on flats towed by gas boats drawing from 3 to 5 feet, RIVERS AND HARBORS--WILMINGTON,: N. C., DISTRICT 659 except part of the timber, which was rafted and towed. The princi- pal items were fertilizer material and timber. There are no regular boat lines operating on this waterway. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. The increase in tonnage was due to increased receipts of phosphate rock. Comparative statement General commerce Floated timber, etc. Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925 ..........--------..---------.. ----------------- 97, 726 $3,310,034 34,578 $138,312 450 1926__.-- ------------------ -------------- 102,766 3,239,811 28,182 112, 728 150 1927 .....------......---------------- ------------ 115, 412 2, 636,178 37, 191 148, 764 400 1928------------------------------------- 90,489 1,502, 445 42,261 169, 044 1929...........------------------------------- 101, 792 1, 205, 316 33, 693 134,172 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-....... $1, 248, 200. 90 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 146, 963. 78 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ---------- 1, 395, 164. 68 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930--------- 80, 837. 75 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 1, 476, 002.43 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930----------- ------------ 1, 284. 45 Net total expenditures----1, ------------------------ 474, 717. 98 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 14, 512.25 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-----------1, 489, 230. 23 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------------------------------------------------------------- --------- cost of maintenance-------------------$12, 893. 46 $13, 255.94 $5,980.80$4,951.59 $13,162.39 Total expended .----------------------- 12, 893. 46 13, 255. 94 24, 611. 75 5,305. 31 4,895.03 A llotted - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- ----- ----.-- 6, 000. 00 12 ,0 00. 00 2 8, 79 8.0 0 - - - - -0-- ---- - 10,5 00 .00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ -------------------------- $8, 907. 28 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------ ------------------------------------ 10, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for------------------------------ 19, 407.28 Gross amount expended------------------------------------ 4, 895. 03 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 -------------------- 14, 512.25 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-------------------------- 1, 284. 45 Balance available June 30, 1930------- -------- --------- 13,227.80 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of 1 _ existing project 2------ - - --- 11, 750. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 for maintenance 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- - 9, 000.00 1Exclusive of available funds. aIn addition $11,750 is to be contributed by local interests. 660 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 24. NORTHEAST (CAPE FEAR) RIVER, N. C. Location and description.-Northeast River rises in the northern part of Duplin County and flows 130 miles in a general southerly direction, emptying into the Cape Fear River at Wilmington, 30 miles above its mouth. This stream has a drainage area of about 1,600 square miles. It is partly tidal. The length of tidal reach, mouth to a short distance above Bannermans Bridge, about 50 miles. The discharge of this stream is not known. The current is rather sluggish, being about 2 miles per hour. The fall is about 2 inches per mile. The average width between banks is about 200 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 150.) Originalcondition.--A draft of 6 feet could be carried up 48 miles to Bannermans Bridge at lowest stage. From Bannermans Bridge, 55 miles up to Kornegays Bridge, the river was so shallow that its navigation was dependent upon freshet stages. Freshets were liable to occur at any time, but during the summer months low stages usu- ally prevailed. Above Bannermans Bridge it was badly obstructed by snags and overhanging trees. Hallsville, 88 miles from the mouth, was and is the head of steamboat navigation and Kornegays Bridge was and is the head of navigation for rafting. Previous projects.-None. Emisting project.-This provides for a channel 22 feet deep and 150 feet wide, increased at entrances and on curves, from Hilton rail- way bridge to a point 23/4 miles above the mouth of the river, and for clearing the natural channel for small steamers thence to Hallsville and for pole boats to Kornegays Bridge. Total length of section, 103 miles. The tide ranges from about 21/2 feet at the mouth of this stream but decreases to nothing a short distance above Bannermans Bridge. The upper portion is subject to freshets of from 8 to 12 feet. The extreme range of lunar tides is 4.1 feet at mouth, 2.5 feet at Castle Hayne, and 2 feet at Smiths Bridge. The maximum varia- tion due to floods is 5 feet at mouth, 8 feet at Kornegays Bridge, and 13 feet at Bannermans Bridge. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $61,400, of which local interests are to contribute $25,375. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for clearing the natural channel (H. Ex. Doc. No. 35, 51st Cong., 1st sess., and An- nual,Report for 1890, p. 1181); and the act of March 2, 1919, pro- vided for the 22-foot channel (H. Doc. 1356, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map of the whole stream is in House Document No. 35, Fifty-first Congress, first session, and the latest map of the lower 23/4 miles is in House Document No. 1356, Sixty-second Con- gress, third session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, requires that local or other interests contribute one-half the cost of the 22-foot channel authorized by the act of March 2, 1919, viz, $25,375. Local interests have not yet contributed these funds. Terminal facilities.-The wharves on the portion of the river under improvement by the United States number five, all of which are just above Hilton Bridge. The wharves are of timber construction, gen- erally with pile supports and plank decking. They have a frontage RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 661 varying from 40 to 175 feet, the total frontage being about 700 feet. The height of decking above water varies from 3 to 10 feet. Three fertilizer wharves are equipped with Hunt elevators of 400-ton capacity. They are generally in good or fair condition. All the wharves are open to water carriers free of charge when not used by the owners. The water terminals are considered adequate. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., for a further description of terminal facilities.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to open up a more convenient and economical way to handle farm products, fertilizers, etc., and has been one cause of large lumber mills being established on the river. Operations and results duing fiscal year.-The work was done with Government plant and hired labor. The derrick boat North- east cleared the river of obstructions between points 26 and 64 miles above the mouth. There were removed 221 trees, 73 logs, and 4 stumps from the channel, and 513 trees from the banks. The total cost of the work was $1,685.73, all for maintenance. The total ex- penditures were $1,685.73. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The clearing of the natural channel was completed in 1896. No work has been done one the 22-foot channel. The entire project is about 22 per cent completed. The river is in fair condition to Bannermans Bridge, 48 miles above the mouth, and in poor condition above that point. Six feet can be carried to Bannermans Bridge and 3 feet to Crooms Bridge, 56 miles above the mouth. Above Crooms Bridge the river is navi- gable only when the river is up, which is liable to occur any month in the year. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is to dredge the channel 22 feet deep and 150 feet wide, increased at entrances and on curves, from Hilton railway bridge to a point 23/4 miles above the mouth of the river. The total cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1930, was $10,687.96 for new work and $48,165.37 for maintenance, a total of $58,853.33. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1930, were $58,853.33. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1930 ($4,308.87), to maintaining the natural channel between the mouth and Hallsville by snagging between July 1, 1930, and June 30, 1931, as follows: Operation derrick boat Northeast, 3 months at $1,300--------------$3, 900.00 Superintendence and contingencies- ---------------------------- 408. 87 Total ---------------------------------------------------- 4,308. 87 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($1,500), will be applied to maintenance of the channel between the mouth and Hallsville by operating the der- rick boat Northeast for about one month between July 1, 1931, and June 30, 1932, as needed. No funds can be profitably expended for new work due to nonful- fillment of conditions of local cooperation required by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 106,906 tons, valued at $2,866,739, all of which passed over the im- 662 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 proved sections. Fertilizer material, gasoline, and kerosene were carried by steamers, motor and sail vessels and barges drawing from 16 to 18 feet. The remainder of the commerce was carried on flats towed by gas boats; part of the timber was rafted and towed by gas boats. The principal items were fertilizer material, gasoline, kero- sene, and timber. No regular boat lines operate on this waterway. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. The increase was due to increased receipts of gasoline and kerosene. Comparative statement General commerce Timber, rafted and towed Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925------ ---------------------------- 71, 731 $2,058,482 14, 895 $59, 580 300 1926---------------------------------- 71, 849 2, 047, 267 12, 631 50, 524 150 1927 ---------- ------------------------ 50, 734 1,028, 037 15, 327 61, 308 100 1928 ....---------------------------------- 46, 934 966., 626 13, 236 52, 944 (1) 1929. . ..---------------------------------- 95, 275 2, 820, 215 11, 631 46, 524 (1) I About 18,000 employees carried by companies' boats. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__ ---..._ __------------ $10, 687. 96 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__-------------------------- 48, 165. 37 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- -- 58, 853. 33 Net total expenditures_ -_--____-- - - - - - - - 58, 853. 33 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 4, 308. 87 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 -------------- 63, 162. 20 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....------- -------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance...........------------------- $5, 728. 21 $991. 07 $0. 70 $5. 40 $1, 685. 73 Total expended......................----------------------- 5, 728. 21 991. 07 -10, 348. 30 5. 40 1, 685. 73 Allotted........---------------........ ------------- 000.00 4,000.00 -12,537.80 ------------ 2,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_---------------------------- $3, 994. 60 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------ 4, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for______________ ___-__--- 7,994. 60 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment----------------- 2, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for ____---------------- - 5, 994. 60 Gross amount expended _____- __------_--- 1, 685. 73 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------ 4, 308. 87 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of -- - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - existing project 25, 375. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending - ---- -- -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - - -- June 30, 1932 for maintenance 1, 500. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. SIn addition, $25,375 is to be contributed by local interests. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 663 25. BLACK RIVER, N. C. Location and description.--Black River rises in Sampson County, flows 175 miles in a general southeasterly direction, and empties into Cape Fear River 14 miles above Wilmington and 44 miles above the mouth. This stream has a drainage area of about 1,547 square miles. It is tidal for some distance above Point Caswell, 24 miles above the mouth. The discharge is not known. The current is rather sluggish, being about 2 miles per hour. The fall is about 2 inches per mile. The average width between banks is about 150 feet. Original condition.--There was a natural channel cleared fairly to Point Caswell and roughly to Lisbon, with governing low-water depths of 2 feet to. Point Caswell and 1/2 feet to Lisbon. Clear Run, 66 miles from the mouth, was the head of steamboat navigation, and Lisbon, 8 miles above, was the head of navigation for rafting. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for clearing the natural channel and banks to Clear Run, 66 miles, and cutting off sharp bends. The tidal range is about 11/2 feet at the mouth and decreases to nothing 30 miles above. The low-water stages prevail usually from May until August, inclusive; during the rest of the year the stage is about 5 to 8 feet higher; but the periods of high and low water are by no means the same every year. The extreme range of lunar tide is 2.3 feet at the mouth and 1.2 feet at Point Caswell. The maxi- mum variation due to floods or freshets is 5 feet at the mouth, 15 feet at Point Caswell, and 19 feet at Clear Run. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1893, was $13,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 5,1886 (Annual Report for 1885, pp. 1145-1154, as amended by Annual Report for 1893, p. 1407). No map of this stream has ever been published. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-No wharves exist on this river. Boats use by smoothing out the roughness natural landings or prepare landings terminals and irregularities of the banks. No are deemed necessary. Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to open up a more convenient and economical way to handle fer- tilizer, general merchandise, and farm products, and has been one cause of lumber mills being established along the river. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work was done by Government plant and hired labor. The snag boat Fayetteville re- moved 2,169 cubic yards, net, of *material from a point of shoal, ap- proximately 26 miles above the mouth of the river. The total cost of the work was $1,327.61, all for maintenance. The total expendi- tures were $1,327.61. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1895 at a saving of $642 under the estimated cost. The governing low water depths are 5 feet to Point Caswell, 24 miles above the mouth, 2 feet to Hawes Narrows, 32 miles above the mouth, and 11/2 feet to Clear Run, the head of navigation, and 66 miles above the mouth. The cost of the work under the existing 664 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 project to June 30, 1930, was $12,358.40 for new work and $32,830.42 for maintenance, a total of $45,188.82. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1930, were $45,188.82. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1930 ($2,000), to maintaining by snagging the natural channel between the mouth and Clear Run, 66 miles above, by operating the derrick boat Northeast about 11/2 months, between January 1, 1931, and June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($1,500), will be applied to the operation of the derrick boat Northeast about one month, in maintaining the nat- ural channel between the mouth and Clear Run. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 23,814 tons, valued at $130,661, all of which passed over the improved sections. No boat lines operate regularly on this waterway. The principal items were timber and coal. Timber was rafted and towed. All other commerce was carried in gas boats drawing from 4 to 6 feet. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. The increase was due to increased shipments of timber. Comparative statement General commerce Timber rafted and towed Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925 ---------------------------------- 7, 088 $403,657 3,990 $15, 960 200 1926----------------------------------4, 287 243,500 5,280 21, 120 300 1927_--___----_ __-- -- _____-___ _ 1, 299 65,254 21,584 86,336 200 1928-_._ -.-.---------.-.----------- - 922 57, 299 21,111 84, 444 - - 1929 ------- ----------------------------- 990 39, 365 22,824 91,296- Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------------- $12, 358. 40 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_______------- ------ __ 32, 830. 42 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930__________ -- 45, 188. 82 Net total expenditures- __ _ ________--------------- 45, 188. 82 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930______________-_________----- 2, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_______-____- 47, 188. 82 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---..--------- ----------------- ---------------------------------- Cost of maintenance--...---.....------------...--.... $1, 257. 71 $1, 553. 19 $1, 607. 46 $75. 84 $1, 327. 61 Total expended----....--- ----------------.......... 1, 257. 71 1, 553. 19 -7, 241. 54 75. 84 1, 327. 61 Allotted---------.......... ------------- -- 1, 000. 00 1, 100. 00 -12, 114. 63 1, 000. 00 1, 303. 45 RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 665 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_--------------------------- $2,024. 16 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930- ----------------------------------------- 2, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for____---------------------- 4, 024. 16 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment____------------- 696. 55 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------ 3, 327.61 Gross amount expended--__---------------------------------, 327. 61 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 2, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year -ending June ------- --- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 1, 500. 00 26. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS NOS. 1 AND 2, CAPE FEAR RIVER, N. C. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Cape Fear River, N. C., above Wil- mington. (See pp. 656 to 659 of this report, where general informa- tion regarding the improvement can be found.) The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the perma- nent indefinite appropriation since November 1, 1916, for Lock No. 1, and March 1, 1918, for Lock No. 2. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work at Lock No. 1 consisted of the operation of the lock the entire year, making minor repairs to dwellings, and dredging 1,944 cubic yards of material from the upper and lower entrances to the lock chamber, all by Government plant and hired labor. The work at Lock No. 2 con- sisted of the operation of the lock, making minor repairs to dwell- ings, redriving two clusters of piling at the upper entrance, remov- ing old wharf below the dam, and dredging 1,648 cubic yards of material from the lower entrance to the lock chamber, all with Gov- ernment plant and hired labor. The expenditures were $9,309.07. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The locks, together with abut- ments and dams, are in fair condition. (See table under Existing project, Cape Fear River, N. C. above Wilmington.) The lock tenders' houses are in good condition. A fairly good channel 7 feet deep at low water exists from Wilmington to Lock No. 1, 39 miles above; 5 feet to Lock No. 2; and 21/2 feet to Fayetteville, the head of navigation. The amount expended for operating and care to June 30, 1930, was $127,428.43. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotment from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-For commercial statistics for the Cape Fear River above Wilmington, N. C., see page 658. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 666 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and flnancial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-----------------------$128, 187. 96 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 -------------------------- 759. 53 Net total expenditures_----_ --------------------------- 127, 428. 43 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ...--- ---------------- -2, 158. 71 Total amount appropriated to June 30. 1930-------------- 129, 587. 14 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new worke 08. 06 ------------------------- 959.8 --- 00 ------ 8 1 6------------ Cost of maintenance-------------------- $12, 508. 06 $9, 559. 38 $14,010. 37 $8, 162. 94 $9, 521. 67 Total expended------............................ 12, 508. 06 9, 559. 38 11, 076. 90 7, 612. 01 9, 309.07 Allotted-----.. ------------....---------- 22,000.00 2,500.00 7,000.0000 11,000.00 7, 500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ---- ----- - - $3, 967.78 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation section 6, river and harbor act, March 3, 1909-------- --------------- 7, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for- -__---------------__--11, 467.78 Gross amount expended -- -_------------- 9, 309. 07 9----_-- Balance unexpended June 30, 1930__- ______--__-______- 2, 158. 71 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------- 920. 68 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------------- 1, 238. 03 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931_--------___ ----- __- 10, 500. 00 Balance available for fiscal year 1931______---__ 11, 738. 03 27. SHALLOTTE RIVER, N. C. Location and description.-Shallotte River is a small stream in Brunswick County, N. C., rising in the large swamp country be- tween Cape Fear and Waccamaw Rivers known as Green Swamp. The stream is about 30 miles long and flows in a southerly direction into the Atlantic Ocean at a point about 20 miles west of the mouth of the Cape Fear River. This stream is tidal and has a drainage area of about 30 square miles. The action of the tide is felt over all its length. The discharge is not known. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 150.) Originalcondition.-The channel depth on the ocean bar was about 3 feet at low water and 71/2 feet at high water. From the bar to a point 21/4 miles above there was a 5-foot low-water channel; the next 13/4 miles was badly obstructed by mud flats and oyster rocks over which there was about 1 foot depth at low water. From this point to the town of Shallotte, 5 miles farther up, the river was narrow and crooked and the low-water depth varied from 2 to 12 feet. The town of Shallotte, 9 miles from the mouth, was the head of navi- gation. Previous project.-The river and harbor act approved March 2, 1907, appropriated $3,000 to be expended on this river. This ap- propriation not being based on any survey and estimate, the report submitted to and approved by the Chief of Engineers for this appro- priation became the project. The cost and expenditures under this project were $3,000. For further details of previous project see page 1806 of Annual Report for 1915. RIVERS AND HARBORS--WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 667 Existing project.-This provides for securing a channel 4 feet deep at mean low water and 36 feet wide from the mouth to the town of Shallotte. The length of the section under improvement is 9 miles. The river is tidal, the rise and fall varying from 5 feet at the mouth to 3 feet at the town of Shallotte. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1927, is $15,400. The latest (1926) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,200. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 721, 62d Cong., 2d sess.), provided for improvement to Whites Landing, and the act of January 21, 1927 (H. Doc. No. 273, 69th Cong., 1st sess.), au- thorized the extension of the improvement to Shallotte. No map of this stream has ever been published. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are four private wharves at the town of Shallotte, 9 miles from the mouth of the river, all of which are open to the public on equal terms. They are of timber construction, with pile foundations and plank decking. These terminals are con- sidered adequate for the present needs of commerce. None of these terminals are equipped with mechanical devices for handling freight. Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to allow boats to load to a deeper draft and to reach and depart from Whites Landing at any stage of tide, while formerly loaded boats had to wait for high water. This will apply also to the town of Shallotte when the existing project is completed. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No field work was done during the year, and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1929 at a saving of $321 under the estimated cost. There was avail- able a channel 36 feet wide varying in depth from 4 feet to 5 feet to the town of Shallotte, the head of navigation. The cost of the existing project to June 30, 1930, was $15,181.37 for new work and $6,467.81 for maintenance, a total of $21,649.18. The total expend- itures under the existing project to June 30, 1930, were $21,649.18. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is pro- posed during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931. It is not believed that any dredging will be necessary during the fiscal year 1932 and no funds can therefore be profitably expended. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 4,123 tons, valued at $220,193, all of which passed over the improved section in gas boats drawing from 3 to 4 feet. No boat lines were ,established or abandoned during the year. The principal items were gasoline, lumber, and fertilizer. Comparative statement General commerce Timber rafted and General commerce Timber rafted and towed towed Year Year Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925..... 5, 754 $473, 003 800 $3, 200 1928...... 3, 507 $192, 992 . ... .......... 1926..... 4, 130 313, 820 500 2, 000 1929...... 4, 123 220, 193 1927-..... 5,168 221, 572-. 668 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $18, 181. 37 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__--------------------------6, 467. 81 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------24, 649. 18 Net total expenditures ------------------------------------- 24, 649. 18 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------------- 24, 649. 18 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work _._-_ _ _------------- ............____ -_ _- _ $6, 773. 54_... .. Cost of maintenance .... ----------------------- _ $250. 57 4, 236. 07 .......... Total cost_-------------- ------ -250. - 57 11,009. 61 Total expended..------------------------------------------- -305. 43 11,009.61........... Allotted .. ----------------------------------- ------------ 11, 444. 00 - -$739. 82 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ------------------------------ $739. 82 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment __------ 739. 82 28. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and har- bor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not includ- ing those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by section 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspec- tions, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $7,153.14; the expenditures were $6,973.23. The bal- ance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $4,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__ $10, 050. 35 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 179. 91 Net total expenditures_ 9,870. 44 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 _________________________ 4, 629. 56 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 __ 14, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work- ------------- Cost of maintenance-_----------___..._ _ __----------- _----$2,897. 21 ----------------- $7, 153. 14 Total expended------- ----------------------- ------------------- 2, 897. 21 6, 973. 23 Allotted------..............-------------------------------------------------........ $500.00 7, 500. 00 6,500.00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 669 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------------- $5, 102. 79 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--------------------------------- $3, 500 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930---. 3, 000 6, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for------------------------------- 11, 602. 79 Gross amount expended--------------------------- -------- 6,973. 23 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------------- 4, 629.56 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------------- 204.36 Balance available June 30, 1930 ---------------------- _ 4,425. 20 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1'____------- - _-------- 4, 000.00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JANUARY 21, 1927 Reports dated January 26, 1928, and February 5, 1929, with maps, on preliminary examination and survey of FarCreek, N. C., required by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, was duly submitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and was trans- mitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 112, Seventy-first Congress, first session. A plan of improvement is presented which provides for a channel 7 feet deep and 60 feet wide from Pamlico Sound to a point about 200 feet below the highway bridge at Engelhard, with a turning basin at the latter point, at an estimated cost of $30,000, with $2,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. Report dated January 25, 1928, on preliminary examination of Douglas Bay, N. C., required by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, was duly submitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and was transmitted to Congress October 7, 1929, but has not yet been printed. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. Reports dated January 16, 1928, and April 8, 1929, with map, on preliminary examination and survey of the Intracoastal Waterway from Cape Fear River, N. C., to Georgetown, S. C., provided for by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, was duly submitted by the division engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and was transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 41, Seventy-first Congress, first session. A plan of improvement is presented which provides for a waterway 8 feet deep and 75 feet wide between the Cape Fear River and Charleston, S. C. (not via Wambaw Creek), at an estimated cost of $5,907,000 with $89,400 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts approved September 22, 1922, March 3, 1925, 1Exclusive of available funds. 670 REPORT OF CHIEF. OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 January 21, 1927, and July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be submitted when received: 1. Cape Fear River, above Wilmington, N. C., with a view to the construction of a lock and dam about 15 miles below Fayetteville. 2. Beaufort Harbor and Beaufort Inlet, N. C. 3. Newport River, N. C. 4. North River, Carteret County, N. C. 5. Runyon Creek, N. C. 6. Channel from North River, via Back Sound, to Lighthouse Bay, N. C. 7. Rollinson Channel, leading from Pamlico Sound to Hatteras, N.C. 8. Neuse River, N. C., from the wharves at New Bern to Golds- boro, N. C., with a view to providing a depth of 8 feet with suitable width. 9. Channel from Core Sound to Ocracoke Inlet, N. C., by way of Wainwright Channel, or other inside passage. 10. Channel from Beaufort Inlet, N. C., via the inland waterway and Neuse River to New Bern, with a view to securing a depth of 920 feet with suitable width. 11. Inland waterway from Beaufort to Jacksonville, N. C., lead- ing from Craigs Point and by way of Salliers Bay, Howard Bay, and New River, and a further survey of New River with a view to providing suitable depth for navigation from Jacksonville, N. C., by way of Ware Landing to Doctors Bridge to a point near Rich- lands, N. C. 12. Channel from Pamlico Sound near the mouth of Neuse River to Beaufrort, N. C., by way of Swan Point, Cedar Island Bay, Thoroughfare Cut, Thoroughfare Bay, Core Sound, touching at Atlantic Wharves, and to run through Mill Point Shoal by Sealevel, across to Piney Point, and touching the wharves of the various com- munities through the straits and Taylors Creek Cut with a view to securing a depth of seven feet with suitable width. 13. Northeast River, N. C. 14. Waterway connecting Core Sound and Beaufort Harbor, N. C. 15. Channel in Pamlico Sound, N. C., to Stumpy Point. 16. Waterway connecting Swan Quarter Bay with Deep Bay, N. C., including the Swan Quarter Canal, with a view to the acquis- tion of said canal by the United States either through donation or purchase. 17. Trent River, from Trenton to Tuckahoe Bridge, N. C. 18. Resurvey of Contentnea Creek, a tributary of the Neuse River, N. C. 19. Limestone Creek, Duplin County, N. C. 20. Mill Creek, at Polloksville, N. C. 21. Alligator Creek, N. C., and channel connecting said creek with the inland waterway. REPORTS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated January 8, 1929, a review of reports on the Pamlico River, N. C., printed in House Document No. 726, Sixty- fifth Congress, second session, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 11, Seventy-first Congress, first RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 671 session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 12 feet deep and 200 feet wide from the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad bridge at Washington to the 12-foot contour in the river below, at an estimated cost of $98,000, with $7,000 annually for maintenance, in addition to that required by the existing project, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolution dated February 24, 1930, a review of reports on Cape FearRiver below Wilmington, N. C., and between Wilmington and Navassa, printed in House Document No. 615, Seventieth Con- gress, second session, was requested. Report thereon was transmitted to the committee and printed in River and Harbor Committee Docu- ment No. 39, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommenda- tion is made for modification of the existing project for the Cape Fear River at and below Wilmington at an estimated cost of $785,000, with $225,000 annually for maintenance. Recommendation is also made for modification of the existing project for the river, Wilmington to Navassa, at an estimated cost of $23,500, with $12,000 annually for maintenance, subject to the provision that local interests shall contribute $11,750 to the cost of that work. By resolution of the committee on Rivers and Harbors, House of Representatives, dated December 16, 1927, a review of reports on the Tar River, N. C., printed in House Document No. 726, Sixty-fifth Congress, second session, is requested, and report thereon will be submitted as soon as practicable. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT This district includes the watersheds of all rivers flowing into the ocean on the coast of South Carolina northeast of Port Royal Sound: It embraces the central portion of North Carolina and all of South Carolina except Beaufort, Broad, and Savannah River Basins. District engineer: Maj. Notley Y. DuHamel, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Lieut. Col. Henry C. Jewett, Corps of En- gineers, to November 1, and Col. Harley B. Ferguson, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Winyah Bay, S. C----------- 671 8. Harbor at Charleston, S. C__ 690 2. Waccamaw River, N. C. and 9. Ashley River, S. C_--------- 696 S. C---------------------675 10. Shipyard River, S. C------- 698 3. Great Peedee River, S. C----- 678 11. Waterway from Charleston 4. Waterway from Charleston to to Beaufort, S. C_----- __ 700 Winyah Bay, S. C_____-- 681 12. Examinations, surveys, and 5. Santee River, S. C_____-- 684 contingencies (general) _ 703 6. Congaree River, S. C-_____- 686 7. Operating and care of lock and dam across Congaree River, S. C---------------- 689 1. WINYAH BAY, S. C. Location and description.-Winyah Bay lies on the coast of South Carolina, 50 miles northeast of Charleston Harbor and 90 miles 11714---iG 1930---43 672 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 southwest of the entrance to Cape Fear River, N. C. It is formed by the united mouths of the Great Peedee, Waccamaw, and Sampit Rivers, and almost closed from the sea by North Island. Its length is 14 miles; its width is between .1/2 and 4 miles. Its area is about 25 square miles, much of which is very shallow. The city of George- town is located on the Sampit River, near the head of the bay, 15 miles in a northerly direction from the ocean entrance. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 428). Original condition.-This bay was a long, narrow, and generally shallow estuary, connected with the sea by a passage 2 miles long and three-fourths mile wide at the gorge. Through this passage were two principal channels, the better of which had from 7 to 10 feet depth over the bar at low tide. There was a 12-foot channel from inside the bar to the mouth of the Sampit River, 14 miles, where the depth was again reduced to 9 feet. Due to cross currents and to sediment brought down by the several rivers entering the bay, the channels within the bay as well as at the ocean entrance fluctuated from year to year. Navigation was at all times difficult and uncertain. Previous projects.-A project for the improvement of navigation in this locality was first adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, and was for improving Georgetown Harbor, on which was expended $48,500. The original project for the improve- ment of Winyah Bay proper was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886. This project was later made to include George- town Harbor, and had been practically completed when the present project was adopted. Total cost and expenditures prior to com- mencement of work under the existing project amounted to $2,561,- 408.25, of which $2,446,851.88 was for new work and $114,556.37 was for maintenance. For scope of previous projects see page 1806 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 400 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean low water from the entrance of Winyah Bay, following the western shore as far as may be necessary, to a point on the Sampit River 1 mile above the limits of the city of George- townl, to be secured and maintained (a) by the construction of two jetties springing, respectively, from North and South Islands and converging to give an opening 4,800 feet wide at the 18-foot curve on the seaward side of the bar, the jetties to be of stone on brush mat- tresses, the north jetty having a length of 11,139 feet and the south jetty 21,051 feet; (b) by dredging across the bar to the 18-foot curve indicated; (c) by construction of an earthen dike 14,300 feet long to protect the shore line of South Island at the southerly side of the bay; (d) by dredging in the bay proper, following the southwestern shore for a distance of about 6 miles opposite Mud Bay; (e) by the construction of a training wall at the head of this dredged cut; and (f) by dredging in Sampit River opposite the city of Georgetown and across the bar at the mouth of the river. The mean range of tide at Georgetown is 3.3 feet, while the spring tides have a mean rise and fall of 4 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, made in 1904, is $650,000, exclu- sive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $46,000. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 673 The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 5, 1886, provided for the jetties (H. Ex. Doc. No. 258, 48th Cong., 2d sess., reprinted on pp. 1154-1170 of the Annual Report for 1885, and H. Ex. Doc. No. 117, 50th Cong., 2d sess., reprinted on pp. 1110-1115 of the Annual Report for 1889). Under this same act the earthen dike was provided as a measure of protection for the south jetty. The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the present channel dimensions and the training wall (H. Doc. No. 398, 58th Cong., 2d sess., reprinted on pp. 1591-1609 of the Annual Report for 1904). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1915, page 2394. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Termi{nal facilities.-The terminal facilities at the port of George- town served by this improvement consist of five wharves of ordi- nary timber construction, suitable for ocean-going vessels, and pro- vided with sheds for the accommodation of freight, and a number of smaller wharves and landing places at street ends and elsewhere used by river boats. Railway connection is furnished by the Sea- board Air Line Railway, which has tracks on its property extending to the water front, no charge being made for wharfage. All termi- nals are privately owned but, with few exceptions, are open to all on equal terms. They are considered adequate for the present commerce of the port. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The increase in navigable depth of the channel from 9 feet to 18 feet has allowed larger ocean-going ves- sels, especially lumber-carrying schooners, to use the port. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. hopper dredge Comstock restored project dimensions in the entrance channel by the removal of 126,273 cubic yards of sand, mud, and silt. The Comstock also removed 64,428 cubic yards of sand, mud, and silt from the southerly portion of the Western Channel. Two thousand feet of training wall were repaired and four groins, totaling 1,820 feet, were constructed in the Western Channel by contract and by hired labor. The costs during the year were: $4,675.85 for repairing the train- ing wall and constructing the groins by contract; $7,993.94 for repairing the training wall and constructing the groins by hired labor; $13,800.09 for dredging in the entrance channel by Govern- ment plant and hired labor; and $8,935.18 for dredging in the West- ern Channel by Government plant and hired labor; a total of $35,405.06, all chargeable to maintenance. The total expenditures during the year were $36,910.62. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 80 per cent com- pleted. The jetties were completed in 1903-4. The crest elevations vary from 3 to 5 feet below their original heights. Dikes of various forms have been built to protect the South Island Beach and the shore end of the south jetty. The channels prescribed in the project have been reported as obtained at different times, but never com- pletely maintained. The Sampit River entrance is protected on the eastern side by a timber and brush training wall 2,000 feet long. A survey of this channel in June, 1930, showed that project dimensions still maintain 674 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 except for a small shoal at the river mouth, allowing a controlling depth of 15 feet at mean low water for a width of 100 feet. The Western Channel is partially protected on its eastern side by timber and brush training walls for a distance of about 20,000 feet. A survey of this channel made in June, 1930, showed that there is a controlling depth of 14 feet at mean low water for a width of 150 feet and a general depth of 15 feet at mean low water. A marked improvement in the maintenance of the channel has resulted from the construction of the training wall which is producing marsh islands that will be permanently beneficial. A survey of the entrance channel in June, 1930, showed that the project dimensions prevail. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the con- struction of a permanent training wall in Winyah Bay. The total cost to date amounts to $491,211.73 for new work and $753,425.95 for maintenance, a total of $1,244,637.68. The total ex- penditures to date amount to $1,279,089.30. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($30,022.49), together with $10,500 allotted after June 30, 1930, will be applied to maintenance as follows: Payment of outstanding liabilities---------------------------- $2,560.80 Dredging in the Western Channel and Sampit River to project depth with the U. S. 12-inch pipe-line dredge Creighton and hired labor for three months (Aug. 1-Oct. 31, 1930) ------------------ 30, 000.00 Repair and extension where needed of pile and brush training walls in the Sampit River and in Winyah Bay (July 1, 1930, to June 30, 1931) --------- --------------------------------- 7,000.00 Surveys, inspections, and contingencies (July 1, 1930, to June 30, 1931) ---------------------------------------- -------- 961. 69 Total--------------------------------------------- 40, 522. 49 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($27,000), will be applied to maintenance as follows: Dredging of the outer bar channel to project depth with a U. S. sea- going hopper dredge when available, for two months----------- $21, 600. 00 Repair of training walls (July 1, 1931, to Jan. 31, 1932)-----------3, 000. 00 Surveys, inspections, and contingencies---------------- --------- 2, 400. 00 Total-------------- ------------------------------ 27, 00. 00 Commercial statistics.-The increase in commerce is due to the establishment at Georgetown of a factory for the manufacture of fish oil and fish scrap. The foreign commerce consisted of exports of lumber only. The coastwise commerce consisted chiefly of shipments of lumber and receipts of machinery, miscellaneous food products, and general mer- chandise; the local and internal commerce was principally lumber, logs, foodstuffs, and miscellaneous general merchandise. The limits of drafts for coastwise boats were from 12 to 20 feet; for small boats and lighters handling local and internal business, 31/2 to 7 feet. Comparative statement Calendaryear Short tons Value Passengers1 Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925...---, 273,866 $6,907,038 8, 782 1928......... 173, 493 $4, 780,762 19, 240 1926-. . . 208, 292 4, 799,621 13, 264 1929-........ 251, 573 2,518,197 41, 794 1927-.- - 201, 617 5,209, 425 29, 542 RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 675 Cost and financial summary Ost of new work to June 30, 1930-- ------------------- $2, 938, 063. 61 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------__-__------- 867, 982. 32 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------ 3, 806, 045. 93 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---------- 34, 936. 99 Net total cost to June 30, 1930111111111111111 1 3, 840, 982. 92 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930------- ___---------2, 036. 49 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930__---------------- _ 3, 843, 019. 41 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 __ _____ -2, _____--- 521.86 Net total expenditures --------------------------- 3, 840, 497. 55 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ---- ------ __-------- 30, 022. 49 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 3, 870, 520. 04 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - Cost of maintenance--------------------$84, 343. 81 -- - - ---- -- ---- -- $14, 754. 66 $97, 824. 86 $26, 130. 82 - - _ - - $35, 405. 06 Total expended. 84, 343. 81 ..----------------------- 14,754. 66 129,856. 00 27, 045. 74 36,910.62 Allotted----..------------------------- 5, 000.00 57, 000. 00 114, 017. 37 35,000. 00 31,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__$------------- - $35, 933. 11 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------------- $30,000.00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930_ 1, 000. 00 31, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for----------------------------66, 933.11 Gross amount expended------ -_----------------- ------- 36, 910. 62 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930__---------------------- 30, 022. 49 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------- 2, 560.80 Balance available June 30, 1930-----------------------27, 461.69 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930---- ------------------------ 2, 036. 49 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930------------ 29, 498. 18 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---- existing project 1 158, 800. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1- - - - - - ___ - -------- ___ 27, 000. 00 2. WACCAMAW RIVER, N. C. AND S. C. Location and description.-This river rises in Lake Waccamaw, N. C., and flows southwest 142 miles into Winyah Bay, near George- town, S. C. Its drainage area is 1,700 square miles. At Conway the low-water discharge is 1,050 second-feet and the ordinary flood discharge about 4,000 second-feet. The tidal reach at low water is 92 miles from the mouth to Worthams Bridge. Its width at mouth is three-fourths of a mile; thence to Bull Creek, 780 feet; thence to Conway, 240 feet; at Conway, 150 feet; above Conway, 90 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 152.) 1 Exclusive of available funds. 676 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Original conditian.-The river throughout its length was ex- tremely crooked, filled with logs, snags, and other obstruction, but was navigable for 12-foot draft boats at all stages of water from Winyah Bay to Bull Creek, 21 miles, and at high water 4 miles farther, to Bucks Lower Mills; thence 7-foot draft could be carried at high water for 19 miles farther to Conway; thence at ordinary winter water it possessed an obstructed channel for 3-foot draft :boats for 68 miles to Reeves Ferry; thence an obstructed channel, with 3 feet at high water, for 30 miles, to Lake Waccamaw. The head of steamboat navigation was Reeves Ferry, N. C., 112 miles from the mouth of the river. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at low water, with 80 feet bottom width, from the mouth of the river to Conway, nearly 44 miles; thence a channel 4 feet deep at low water and 50 feet wide to Red Bluff, 26 miles above Conway; thence a .cleared channel to Lake Waccamaw. The usual seasonal variation in water surface is about 7.5 feet at Conway and about 12 feet at Star Bluff, 80 miles above the mouth. The tidal variation in Winyah Bay is 3.5 feet, and at Conway at low-water stage it is 1.6 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $262,800. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,500. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the 12-foot channel with 80 feet bottom width to Conway and a cleared channel from ,Conway to Lake Waccamaw. (S. Ex. Doc. No. 117, 46th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1880, p. 848) ; and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the channel 4 feet deep at low water and 50 feet wide from Conway to Red Bluff (H. Doc. No. 82, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). For map of the river see House Document No. 514, Fifty- eighth Congress, second session, and the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifciations of projects.-It is recommended that the project be modified by eliminating all work between Star Bluff and Lake Waccamaw (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-At Toddville (mile 37) and Conway (mile 44) agents of the lines operating on the river provide wharves and warehouses, which are free and open to all carriers. At intermediate landings there are privately owned free wharves and usually free warehouses, though in a few cases storage is charged for freight left in the warehouses. The banks are low and range of river stage small; consequently, freight is handled by hand without difficulty. The terminals are adequate for the existing commerce. At Conway they are reached by the railroad and by highways in good condition. The intermediate landings are reached by country roads, usually in poor condition. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement, by deepening and straightening the channel and the removal of snags, has enabled vessels to give a more dependable and economical service. The river passes through a considerable area not reached by rail. iHIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 677 Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The total costs during the fiscal year were $169.77 for examinations, chargeable to maintenance. The total expenditures were $169.77. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The 12-foot project channel to Conway was completed in 1924 and obtains for most of the distance. Shoals have, however, formed on the sides of the channel at several places, and the ruling width at these points is about 40 feet. A 4-foot channel exists above Conway to Red Bluff (mile 69) except for several small shoals below Red Bluff, where the controlling depth is 3 feet, and one long shoal at Red Bluff, where the controlling depth is 2 feet. The bottom of the river between Conway and Red Bluff is still obstructed by sunken logs which are sinkers from rafts. Work remaining to be done is the dredging of a 4-foot channel between Conway and Red Bluff, as authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. The depths given refer to zero of the Conway gage, which is 1 foot below average low-water stage. Above Star Bluff (mile 80), no work having been done for several years, the channel is obstructed by logs and snags, and is not navigable. The total cost to date amounts to $250,313.58 for new work and $92,986.42 for maintenance, a total of $343,300. The total expenditures to date amount to $343,300. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($4,000), will be applied to snagging between Conway and Red Bluff, S. C., with U. S. snagboat Wateree for two months (Novem- ber 1 to December 31, 1930). The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($3,500), will be applied to maintenance snag- ging with the U. S. snagboat Wateree for about two months. The amount requested for maintenance is greater than the average annual expenditure for the last five years, and is necessary by reason of there having been discovered a great many sunken logs which have apparently accumulated during a number of years. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The decrease in commerce is largely due to the falling off of logging operations because of prevailing low prices, and to the increased use of motor trucks brought about by improved highway conditions. The commerce was principally food- stuffs, lumber, logs, and miscellaneous general merchandise. Below Conway it was handled by small steamers, motor boats, lighters, etc., of 8-foot draft or less; above Conway, of 4-foot draft or less. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925 ..... -.. 153,169 $1,609,645 8, 746 1928--..---. 168, 635 $2,105,967 25, 400 1926 ......... 125, 550 1, 308, 938 12, 664 1929_.... 76, 891 12, 927, 627 41, 794 1927 - -- - 144, 921 2, 398, 466 26, 472 678 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1930 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $250, 313.58 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 --------------------- 92, 986.42 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 343, 300. 00 Net total expenditures------------------------------ ----- 343,300. 00 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 4, 000.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__--------------- 347, 300.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ------------------------------------------------------------------ Cost of maintenance-------------------- $910. 95 $24. 51 $3, 757. 16 $2, 673. 07 $169.77 Total expended.......--------------------- 910. 95 24. 51 3, 588.70 2, 841. 53 169. 77 . Allotted--------------------------------------.--- 3, 600. 00 2, 000. 00 1, 000.00 4, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------- $169. 77 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------ ------------------------------- 4, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for------------------- 4, 169. 77 Gross amount expended------------------------------------- 169. 77 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-----------------------4, 000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------------------------------------- 12, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1 - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 1932, for maintenance 3, 500. 00 3. GREAT PEEDEE RIVER, S. C. Location and description.---This river rises in the mountains of North Carolina, and flows generally southeast for 425 miles into Winyah Bay, near Georgetown, S. C. Above the Uwharie River, 234 miles from the mouth, it is called the Yadkin. The drainage area is 16,320 square miles. At Smiths Mills, 50 miles from the mouth, the minimum discharge is about 2,000 second-feet, and maximum flood discharge about 300,000 second-feet. The tidal reach at low water is 38 miles from the mouth. The fall per mile below Cheraw is 0.4 foot. The average width below Cheraw is 325 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of South Carolina, 1913.) Origina2 condition.--This river was dangerously obstructed by snags and logs. Nevertheless it was navigated via Waccamaw River and Bull Creek by steamboats drawing 9 feet of water up to Smiths Mills, 50 miles above the mouth, while smaller boats of 31/2 -feet draft penetrated to Little Bluff (mile 106) and at high water to Cheraw, 164 miles from the mouth, which was the head of navigation. Previous projects.-None by the United States Government. The river had been under improvement at intervals by the State of South Carolina as far back as 1784. Existing project.-This provides for a cleared 9-foot channel between Waccamaw River and Smiths Mills, and thence a 3 -foot channel to Cheraw at all stages of water. The tidal variation at 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS---CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 679 low-water stage is 32 feet at the mouth and 3 inches 34 miles above. The ordinary flood stage is 18 feet above the low-water stage at Smiths Mills, 25 feet at Atlantic Coast Line Railroad bridge, and 27 feet at Cheraw Bridge, respectively 50, 100, and 164 miles from the mouth. The estimated cost for new work, revised in 1900, was $235,345.37. The latest (1900) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provides for the removal of all obstructions so as to secure a navigable depth of 9 feet to Smiths Mills and 3 feet to Cheraw (S. Ex. Doc. No. 117, 46th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1880, p. 844); the act of June 13, 1902, provides for securing a 31/2 -foot channel between Cheraw and the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Bridge by means of dredging, snag- ging, and the construction of timber and pile dams (H. Doc. No. 124, 56th Cong., 2d sess.). For map see Annual Report for 1889, page 1180. Recommended modifications of project. It is recommended that this project be modified by elimination of all work between Jeffreys Creek and Cheraw. (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.--There are practically no terminal facilities, except small sheds constructed at a few landings as a protection to freight. They are privately owned. Effect of improvement.--The improvement for a time benefited a large area, part of which is now served by rail. Recently the benefit has been limited to the lower 89 miles of the river, which is being used extensively in towing lighters loaded with logs. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. snagboat Wateree cleared the channel of obstructions to a depth of 31/ feet from mile 50 to mile 69. The total costs during the year were $9,285.14 for snagging, office expenses, etc., all chargeable to maintenance. The total expenditures were $6,308.68. Condition at end of fiscal year.-At present there exists from the Waccamaw River to Smiths Mills (mile 50) a cleared channel 9 feet deep at lowest recorded stage. The low-water condition which pre- vailed during the last two months of the fiscal year revealed a great many snags and sunken logs. It is navigable to boats drawing 3 feet at all stages of water to Jeffreys Creek (mile 89); above this, the river is not navigable due to obstructions. The existing project was completed in 1909 at a saving of $51,632.96 under the estimated cost. The total costs to date amount to $183,712.41 for new work, and $161,892.26 for maintenance, a total of $345,604.67. The total ex- penditures to date amount to $343,430.02. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($8,669.98), will be applied to maintenance as follows: Payment of outstanding liabilities .--------------------------- $2,192. 15 Snagging between the mouth of Bull Creek (mile 52) and Jeffreys Creek (mile 89) with the U. S. snagboat Wateree for two and one- quarter months (Aug. 15 to Oct. 22, 1930) --------------- ------ 6, 477. 83 Total --------.-. --------- 8. 669. 98 &80 REPORT OF. CHIEF OF EN(GIEERS, U. S. A tIY, 1930 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($4,500), will be applied to maintenance snag- ging with the U. S. snag boat Wateree for about two months. The amount requested for maintenance is greater than the aver- age annual expenditure for the last five years, and is necessary by reason of there having been found an increased number of sunken logs and snags caused by the floods of 1928 and 1929. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consisted of logs and lum- ber. The decrease in commerce is due to the falling off of logging operations because of prevailing low prices and to the increased use of motor trucks brought about by improved highway conditions. The limits of drafts of tow boats and lighters using the stream were 8 feet and under. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925---------------------- 69, 410 $1,334,609 1928--------------------- 67, 830 $476, 010 1926.--------------------- 70, 722 499, 823 1929-- ------------ 32, 449 369, 958 1927--------------------- 90, 811 688,555 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ..----------------- __ $183, 712. 41 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 161, 892. 26 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------- __ 345, 604. 67 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-.-------------...--- 2, 174. 65 Net total expenditures_ _______--------------343, 430. 02 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930- --- ----------- 8, 669.98 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930- ____---- __ 352, 100. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work --------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance.........-------------_ $4, 480. 97 $33. 35 $583.40 $6,736.13 $9, 285.14 Total expended----------------------- 4,480. 97 33.35 558.40 7,562. 94 6,308. 68 Allotted-- ----- ----------------------- 'i 3,600.00 2,500.00 6,000.00 11,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_---------------------------- $3, 978. 66 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--------------------------- $7, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930_ 5, 000. 00 ---- 12, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_____________-------- -_______ 15, 978. 66 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment ______________ 1, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for-- 1------------------ _ 14, 978. 66 Gross amount expended------------ ---- ------------ 6, 308.68 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ___----------------------- 8, 669. 98 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 _ ___ _____1111111111 2, 192. 15 Balance available June 30, 1930_ --------------------- 6, 477. 83 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, -- -- - -- -- - -- - -- -- - -- -- - -- - 1932, for maintenance 1 - - - - , -_- - - - 4,500.00 xExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 681 4. WATERWAY FROM CHARLESTON TO WINYAH BAY, S. C. Location and description.-The present waterway consists of creeks, sounds, rivers, and bays, beginning at the Charleston Harbor entrance of The Cove behind Sullivans Island; thence it passes through sundry creeks, Bullyard Sound, Hickory Bay, and Sewee Bay; thence by creeks to Harbor River; thence by Matthews Cut to mouth of Town Creek, which connects the waterway with McClellan- ville, 1 mile distant from it. From the mouth of Town Creek it con- tinues via Clubhouse Creek to the lower end of Dupree Creek; thence through Skrine, Casino, Alligator, and Four Mile Creeks to North Santee River; thence through the Estherville-Minim Creek Canal to Winyah Bay at a point 8 miles below Georgetown. The route is tidal throughout and is for the most part sheltered from the sea. The present route has shortened the total distance about 221/2 miles, making the distance from Charleston to McClellanville 421/2 miles, to Winyah Bay, 65 miles, and to Georgetown 74 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1239 and 153.) Original condition.-This waterway was obstructed by a number of narrow, crooked passages and shallow reaches, particularly at points where the tides meet. The passages across Bulls Bay and from Romain River to Alligator Creek were much exposed, and the former was very shallow. The minimum usable low-water depth was about 1 foot; the minimum width was about 30 feet. Only very small vessels could get through without excessive delays. The dis- tance by the original route from Charleston to the mouth of Mos- quito Creek on Winyah Bay was about 86 miles, and to Georgetown 961 miles. The Bulls Bay section was abandoned in favor of the more sheltered but longer creek route. The distance from McClel- lanville to Georgetown by the original route was 56 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--This provides for a channel 4 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide at bottom between Charleston Harbor and Minim Creek, with a branch channel of the same dimensions to Morrisons Landing in McClellanville, and for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water and 70 feet wide from the mouth of Minim Creek to Winyah Bay. The mean tidal range is 3.5 to 5.1 feet, according to locality. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $486,800. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $30,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the chan- nel from Minim Creek to Winyah Bay (Annual Report for 1889, p. 1184); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the channel from Charleston to a point opposite McClellanville (H. Doc. No. 84, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1900, p. 1908); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the branch channel to McClellanville (Annual Report for 1903, p. 1133); the act of March 2, 1919, pro- vided for extending the channel to Minim Creek and thence through the Estherville-Minim Creek Canal to Winyah Bay (H. Doc. No. 178, 63d Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of March 3, 1925, provided for the cut across the Santee Delta at Four Mile Creek (H. Doc. No. 237, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published maps see two last-named documents. 682, REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Recommended modifications of project.-A channel 8 feet deep and 75 feet wide from Winyah Bay to Charleston has been recommended at a cost of $638,000 (H. Doc. No. 41, 71st Cong., 1st sess.). Local cooperation.-Theconditions imposed by the river and har- bor acts requiring that all land needed for the improvement should be furnished free of cost to the Government have been complied with. Terminal facilities.-There is a wharf on Owendaw Creek owned by an oyster-canning factory and one at the Isle of Palms which is used for general purposes. There are two landings on the Esther- ville-Minim Creek Canal and three landings in Town Creek at Mc- Clellanville. Several small landings are located at convenient places along the waterway and creeks and bays connecting with it. The facilities are sufficient for the present commerce. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement by changing a very long, narrow, shallow, and exposed route to a shorter usable channel 4 feet deep and 60 feet wide has benefited a section without rail service and has added to the commerce of Charleston and George- town. It also reduced for light-draft boats the former length of the outside passage caused by the gap in the intracoastal waterway. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. hydraulic pipe-line dredge Congaree, under rental from the Jacksonville (Fla.) district, completed the dredging of the channel through Meeting Reach to provide a cut-off from Hamlin Creek to Dewees Creek, thereby eliminating the shallow and tortuous route through Gray Bay and Hamlin Sound. During the fiscal year the Congaree removed 289,644 gross cubic yards, or 257,040 credited cubic yards, of material. The U. S. hydraulic pipe-line dredge Creighton, under rental from the Savannah (Ga.) district, completed dredging at the entrance to Sullivans Cove and commenced dredging in Meeting Reach. The Creighton removed a total of 8,000 gross and/or cred- ited cubic yards of material from Sullivan's Cove and 30,755 addi- tional gross and/or credited cubic yards of material from Meeting Reach. The snag boat Wateree removed 1,620 cubic yards of ma- terial from shoals in Meeting Reach. The total costs during the year were $44,221.03 for dredging, office expenses, etc., all chargeable to maintenance. The total expend- itures during the year were $51,754.08. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project, with the exception of the Estherville-Minim Creek Canal, has been completed. A num- ber of long and tortuous bends have been eliminated during the last three years, thereby shortening the route, bringing it closer to the high ground, and reducing the work of maintenance. The water- way, in general, now has the project depth of 4 feet and width of 60 feet except in Hamlin Creek, Meeting Reach, Capers Creek, Salt Pond Creek, Grahams Creek, Town Creek, Clubhouse Creek, Casino Creek, and the Estherville-Minim Creek Canal, where the depths are about 31/2 feet for a width of 40 feet. The Estherville-Minim Creek Canal is about 84 per cent completed, the controlling dimensions being 31/2 feet deep and 50 feet wide. The work remaining to be undertaken consists of obtaining project dimensions in the Esther- ville-Minim Creek Canal. RIVERS AND HARBORS--CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 683 The total costs to date amount to $435,213.16 for new work and $424,791.04 for maintenance, a total of $860,004.20. The total ex- penditures to date amount to $852,353.31. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($58,260.05), will be applied to maintenance as follows: Payment of outstanding liabilities_ -- ------------ __ $30, 026. 90 Dredging the channel in Meeting Reach, Capers Creek, Salt Pond Creek, Town Creek, Clubhouse Creek, Casino Creek, and the Estherville-Minim Creek Canal to project depth and width with the U. S. 12-inch pipe-line dredge Creighton, three months (July 1-31 and Nov. 1 to Dec. 31, 1930) ------------------------- 24, 733. 15 Surveys, inspections, and contingencies--------------- - 3,500. 00 Total ---------- -- ---------------------- 58, 260. 05 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($27,000), will be applied to maintenance as follows : Dredging the channel in Sullivan's Island Cove and Narrows, Meet- ing Reach, Capers Creek, Salt Pond Creek, Graham Creek, Casino Creek, Alligator Creek, and the Estherville-Minim Creek Canal to project depth and width with the U. S. 12-inch pipe-line dredge Greighton, when available, three months----- --------- $26, 000.00 Surveys, inspections, and contingencies-____-------- 1,000. 00 Total -------------------------------------------- 27, 000. 00 Commercial statistics.-The decrease in commerce is due to a de- crease in oysters, oyster-shell products, and lumber. The commerce consisted mainly of lumber, logs, naval stores, canned and fresh oysters, oyster shells, miscellaneous general merchandise, and fer- tilizer. It was carried by small gasoline boats and lighters drawing 3 to 6 feet. The project serves a coastal section where no railroads exist and, forming a part of the intracoastal waterway, is used by many northern yachts on their trips to southern waters. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925----------.......... 29,115 $1, 451,919 44, 742 1928--....-------- 89, 526 $2, 174, 445 105,120 1926.......... 56,172 1,317, 253 63, 785 1929-...--------- 45,633 1,110, 625 46,188 1927---------- 80, 672 2,171, 493 132, 692 Cost and flnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------ $435, 213.16 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__--- ---------------------- 424, 791.04 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------- 860, 004.20 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ----------- 1, 193. 17 Net total cost to June 30, 1930- ------- ------------- 861, 197. 37 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------------- 1, 099. 64 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930__----------------------862, 297. 01 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------- 9, 943. 70 Net total expenditures__ _-------------- - -852,353.31 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 -------------- ----------- 58,260. 05 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------------- 910. 613. 36 684 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work $433. 36 $49, 392. 16 . -- -- Cost of maintenance ______________ 21, 260. 11 ....... $95, 721.33 $126, 439. 20 $44, 221. 03 Total cost______ ___________________ 21,693. 47 49,392.16 95,721.33 126,439.20 44, 221. 03 Total expended_-----------------------21,693. 47 49, 392.16 86,195.10 120, 781. 49 51, 754. 08 Allotted----------------- _______ _____ __ __ 61, 200.00 20, 000. 00 84, 000.00 141,000.00 58, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ ____ -- ___------------ $52,014.13 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved: May 28, 1930 ------------------------------ $42,000.00 Sept. 22, 1922-------___- 15, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929__________ -- __-__-__ 1, 000. 00 58, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for----- --------------- __ __-110, 014. 13 Gross amount expended___------ - -- -- -- 51, 754. 08 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930____________ -______ 58, 260. 05 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ------------------------- 10, 024. 58 Balance available June 30, 1930---______________ ______ 48, 235.47 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930__ -____-----_____1, 099. 64 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930______-- -___49, 335. 11 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project project _______________________________ existing ---------------------------------------- 0.0 00 51, 600. 51 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance '---------------____________ _ _ 27, 000. 00 5. SANTEE RIVER, S. C. Location and description.-The Santee River is formed by the confluence of the Congaree and Wateree Rivers, about 30 miles south- east of Columbia, S. C. It flows generally southeast for 143 miles and enters the Atlantic Ocean about 10 miles north of Cape Romain. Its drainage area, including that of the Wateree and Congaree Rivers, is 15,700 square miles. At Ferguson, 101 miles from the mouth, the minimum discharge is about 2,800 second-feet. The mean discharge is about 12,500 second-feet and the maximum reached is about 368,000 second-feet. The tidal reach at low water is to Lenuds Ferry, 38 miles from the mouth. The average fall per mile is 6 inches. The average width is 480 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of South Carolina, 1913.) Original condition.-This river was much obstructed throughout its length by snags, logs, and overhanging trees. The width ranged from 200 to 500 feet, and the least depth was 3 feet. Its bar entrance was narrow, crooked, and shifting, and so situated as to be very difficult and expensive to improve. It had less than 5 feet depth at low tide, with a tidal variation of 31/2 feet. The river was navigated by several small steamers (drawing 4 feet or less) from the sea to 'Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 685 the junction of the rivers, and thence to Columbia on the Congaree or to Camden on the Wateree River. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1881. Total cost and expenditures prior to commencing work under the existing project amounted to $99,750, all of which was for new work in Mosquito Creek 'Canal leading to Winyah Bay. For scope of previous project see page 1808 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-The existing project provides for snagging the entire river. The plane of reference for the lower river is mean low water, the tidal rise being 31/2 feet. Tidal action extends to Lenuds Ferry, 38 miles from the mouth. For the upper river the plane of reference is ordinary low water, the variation in water level being 25 feet at Ferguson, 101 miles above the mouth. The distance from the head of the river to Georgetown is 152 miles-139 miles by river, 5 miles in the Estherville-Minim Creek Canal, and 8 miles in Winyah Bay. The project is one for maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved September 19, 1890. (Annual Report for 1889, p. 1184.) For outline map of the river see Annual Report for 1889, page 1186. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are practically no terminal facilities. Small sheds have been constructed at a few landings as a protection to freight. They are privately owned. Effect of improvement.-The improvement by providing the canal connecting Winyah Bay and Santee River greatly benefited naviga- tion, not only of the Santee River and through it of the Congaree River, but opened the way for traffic through the inland waterways southward. River navigation, formerly connecting Columbia, S. C., with northern markets through ocean steamers at Georgetown, S. C., has recently been confined to the lower portion of the river and has consisted chiefly of piles, logs, and lumber. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was under- taken during the fiscal year on account of the small amount of commerce. Condition at end' of fiscal year.-The river is obstructed by snags and logs. The tidal section of the river has a controlling depth of 3.9 feet at mean low tide. The records of the gage at Ferguson (971/4 miles above the canal) for the past 171 years show that the river stage has not been less than 3.7 feet for 98 per cent of the time, and this corresponds to the navigable depth of 6 feet. The total costs to date amount to $164,741.67, all chargeable to maintenance. The total expenditures to date amount to $164,741.67. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($10,- 000), will be applied to maintenance as needed. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($3,500), will be applied to maintenance snag- ging with the U. S. snag boat Wateree for about two months. Commercial statistis.-The decrease in commerce is largely due to the falling off of logging operations by various lumber interests at Georgetown and to the increased use of motor trucks brought 686 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 about by improved highway conditions. The traffic consisted mostly of logs and lumber. The draft of tugboats with barges and other freight-carrying boats was from 4 to 6 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925------......... 40,460 $500, 520 36 1928--.....---...--. 39, 564 $466, 974 3, 200 1926----------.......... 26,779 434,564 ...------------ 1929---------.......... 10,479 133,684-.... 1927 . 22, 883 667, 692 3, 070 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ___________________- -_ $99, 750. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930___-__-- ______-_____- 164, 741.67 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_----------, 264, 491.67 Net total expenditures--- -------------------------- 264,491.67 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 1-- 000. 00 10, Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930____-- ___, 274, 491. 67 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work......................................---.--------- Cost of maintenance------------------- $8,263.13 $8,034.82 ----- _-............................ Total expended------_------_ ------------ 8, 263. 13 8, 034. 82 ..... Allotted---------------. -------.- -- 3, 000. 00 8, 400. 00 ---.------------- $10, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-------- --------------------------------- $10, 000 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------------- 10, 000 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3, 500 6. CONGAREE RIVER, S. C. Location and description. This river is formed by the confluence of the Broad and Saluda Rivers at Columbia, S. C., and flows south- easterly 50 miles, there uniting with the Wateree River to form the Santee River. Its drainage area and that of its tributaries is 8,460 square miles. The minimum discharge at the mouth is about 1,800 second-feet; the maximum discharge at extreme flood exceeds 315,000 second-feet. The operation of power dams on the Broad and Saluda Rivers and other tributaries cause variation in flow affecting low- water depths on the shoals near Columbia. The current is moderate, except for the upper 3 miles, where it is rapid, having a fall of 20 feet. For the remainder of its course the average fall per mile is 0.8 foot. The average width is 390 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of South Carolina, 1913.) Original condition.-This stream had a low-water depth of 3 to 4 feet from its mouth to the railroad bridge at Columbia; thence 1 foot low-water depth 2 miles farther to its head. Navigation of the lower 49 miles was blocked at all stages of water by the Southern Railway 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON S. C., DISTRICT 687 Co.'s bridge, 5 miles from the mouth, and by sunken logs, snags, and overhanging trees. Navigation of the remaining 2 miles was pre- vented by swift currents and numerous rock ledges and bowlders. The head of navigation was Columbia, S. C., 51 miles above the mouth, but there was no commerce on the river. Previouws projects.-None by the United States Government. The State of South Carolina did some improvement work prior to 1850. Existing project.-This provides for a 4-foot navigable channel over the lower 49 miles of the river, to be secured by dredging and bank protection, and for the construction of a lock and dam to extend deep water to Gervais Street Bridge, Columbia, S. C. The usual variation in water surface due to freshets is about 24 feet at the mouth of the river and is about 33 feet at Columbia, the plane of reference being ordinary low water. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1925, is $514,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. Data concerning the lock and dam are as follows: Location, 2 miles below Gervais Street, Columbia, S. C., 49 miles above mouth of river. Lock dimensions: Feet Length between miter sills-----------------7----------------- 170 Clear width----- ------------------- -------------- 55 Lift----------------------------------------------------- 10 Depth on miter sills at low water6----------------------------- 6 Character of foundation, ledge granite. Kind of dam, movable. Chanoine wickets. Original structure completed 1904; alterations 1914. Cost to date: Original structure------------ ------------------------ $225, 000 Alterations --------------------------------------------- 56, 000 Total---- ------------------------------------------- 281,000 Completed, 1914. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 3, 1886, provided for the improve- ment of the lower 49 miles (H. Ex. Doc. No. 254, 48th Cong., 2d sess. and Annual Report for 1885, p. 1140); the act of March 3, 1899, authorized the construction of the lock and dam (H. Doc. No. 66, 53d Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1896, p. 1183); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for rebuilding the dam and raising the crest (H. Doc. No. 608, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of August 8, 1917 provided for bank protection (H. Doc. No. 702, 63d Cong., 2d sess. . For outline map see Annual Report for 1889, page 1194. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.--None. Terrinal facilities.-There is at Granby Landing, 2 miles below Columbia, a landing connected by a tramway with a shed located above the freshet line. It is privately owned and adequate for the business of the owner. There are no public terminals on the river. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of imnprovement.-The improvement enabled Columbia, S. C., to reach northern markets through connection at Georgetown S. C., with coastwise steamers to the benefit of both wholesale and retail trade over portions of North and South Carolina and Georgia. 11714---ENG 1930----44 f88 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1980 The actual saving in freight rates by all-water routes to Columbia was from 24 to 27 per cent as compared with rates by water and rail between the same points. No boat service has been maintained in recent years. The operating company, the Columbia Railway & Navigation Co., complained of difficulties due to irregular wave ac- tion from power plant, and the suspension of Clyde Line service, and interruption of service of Baltimore & Carolina Steamship Co. to Georgetown prevented the favorable rates which had obtained through agreement with this line. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 71 per cent completed, the work remaining to complete consisting of the revet- ting of about 20,000 feet of the banks in the vicinity of Congaree and Gill Creeks, beginning about 5 miles below Columbia. That portion of the project which covers the construction of a lock and dam and dredging to secure a 4-foot channel has been completed. The lock and dam were first completed in 1904. The dam, having been damaged by a flood of 1908, was rebuilt and raised 2 feet; and necessary alterations were made to the lock; this work was com- pleted in 1914. The channel has been dredged from time to time. When last investigated, in March, 1930, a channel 4 feet deep, ex- cept at the lowest stages, existed from the mouth of the river to the foot of Senate Street in Columbia, S. C., using the lock and dam. Navigation has temporarily ceased on the river and the lock and dam are therefore not operated at present. The total cost of the existing project to date amounts to $364,823.87 for new work, and $320,776.77 for maintenance, a total of $685,600.64. The total expenditures on the existing project amount to $685,- 600.64. Proposed operations.-Untilnavigation on the river is resumed no work will be undertaken other than the maintenance of property belonging to the improvement, for which existing funds are adequate. It is not expected that any additional funds can be profitably ex- pended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-No operations are reported for this river. Logs are being moved to sawmills by trucks. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1924---------------------- 500 $1,750 1927 1925----- --------------- 500 1,750 1928 1926 ..-----.------ ----- ------- --...- - 1929- Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to Ju e 30, 1930____________________________ $364, 823. 87 Cost of ma'ntenance to June 30, 1930 _________________________ 320, 776. 77 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 --..--- 685, 600. 64 Net total expenditures -- __-- ____ ----------- - 685, 600. 64 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930___________--------_ 12, 680. 63 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---- - 698, 281.27 RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 689 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work__---------------- ------------ Cost of maintenance-------- ------------ $3, 154. 53 $6, 030. 77 -$29,170.21 $375. 25 - Total expended---------------------------- 3, 154.53 6,030.77 -29,183.12 388. 16 Allotted- ------------- _---_-_--_-...........-- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_______---$12, 680. 63 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930___------------------------- 12, 680. 63 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1_ __------------------------- 149, 000. 00 7. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCK AND DAM ACROSS CONGAREE RIVER, NEAR COLUMBIA, S. C. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Congaree River, S. C. See pages 686 to 689 of this report, where general information regarding the im- provement can be found. The work carried on is the maintenance of the lock and dam mentioned on page 687. The completed lock and dam has been maintained under the permanent indefinite appro- priation since April 7, 1906. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Repairs consisting of the covering of the roofs of the buildings to prevent deterioration and the painting of all steel work of the lock gates were made from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. The total costs during the fiscal year amounted to $570.67. The total expenditures during the fiscal year amounted to $482.90. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The lock and dam are completed but were placed out of commission in August, 1920; the maneuver boat and all other property have been sold or removed and the build- ings are being rented. The total cost to date amounts to $109,091.86, all chargeable to maintenance. The total expenditures to date amount to $109,004.09. Proposed operations.-Repairs sufficient to prevent deterioration will be made during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931, from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Cost and finanoiat summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------- $109, 091. 86 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_________ ---------------- 87.77 Net total expenditures ------------------------------ 109, 004. 09 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------------ 131. 02 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 109, 135. 11 1Exclusive of available funds. 690 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------------------------- Cost of maintenance-------------------- $53.11 $258.97 ---------$52.91 $70.84 - $570. 67 Total expended-------.---------------.. 5.63.11 258.97 70.84 -52.91 482.90 Allotted.................................. ------------ ---.....----------......--------....-----........... ..... Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------- $613. 92 Gross amount expended-------------------------------------- 482.9 ..------------------- Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--- 131. 02 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------------------------- 89.23 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------- ------ 41. 79 8. CHARLESTON HARBOR, S. C. Location and description.-This harbor is on the coast of South Carolina, about 15 miles southerly of the middle point of the coast line, 50 miles southwest of Winyah Bay, S. C., and 80 miles north- east of the mouth of the Savannah River. It is formed by a bay at the confluence of the Cooper and Ashley Rivers, and is practically landlocked by outlying seacoast islands and portions of the mainland. The city of Cha:rl-ston lies on a peninsula between the two rivers, 71/2 miles from the ocean bar; the United States navy yard is located on Cooper River 8 miles above its confluence with Ashley River, and the United States port terminals about 2 miles above the navy yard. The total area of the harbor from the northern limits of the city to be gorge between Forts Sumter and Moultrie is about 8 square miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1239 and 470.) Original condition.-Outer harbor: There were four channels across the bar, the deepest having phnut 12 feet depth at low water. When construction of present jetties began commerce was using the Pumpkin Hill Channel, about 3 miles south of the present channel. Where the present jetty channel is situated there was then the Swash Channel, with a best depth of 101/2 feet of water, too crooked for safe use. The natural channels were shifting in position and va- riable in depth and width. Inner harbor: The condition of the inner harbor did not differ markedly from that which now obtains. Previous projects.--The first project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852. Subsequent river and harbor acts affecting the projects for the harbor are as follows: June 18, 1878, and August 11, 1886, involving construction of jetties and dredging. March 3, 1899, provided for not less than 26 feet at mean low water and 600 feet wide to be obtained by dredging. June 25, 1910, increasing depth over the bar to 28 feet at mean low water and a channel 500 feet wide between the jetties and 1,000 feet wide beyond them. August 8, 1917, increasing depth over the bar to 30 feet at mean low water. July 18, 1918, provided for dredging a channel 40 feet deep at mean low water and 1,000 feet wide from the sea to the navy yard. The total cost and expenditures under all previous projects amount to $6,988,444.61, of which $6,586,455.11 was for new work, and RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 691 $401,989.50 was for maintenance. Of the expenditure for new work $1,032,254.09 was applied to work on the 40-foot project adopted by the 1918 act. For further details of previous projects, see page 1808 of Annual Report for 1915, and page 579, Annual Report for 1926. Existing project.-This provides for commercial purposes a chan- nel 30 feet deep, 1,000 feet wide, from the sea to the inner end of the jetties, thence 600 feet wide to the navy yard, and thence 400 feet wide to Goose Creek, with a turning basin 700 feet wide at the port terminals together with a channel 30 feet deep at mean low water and 500 feet wide through Town Creek, at a total estimated cost of $314,000 for new work with $95,000 annually for maintenance. The project also provides for a 40-foot channel 1,000 feet wide from the lightship to the inner ends of the jetties, these jetties to be of stone on log mattress foundation, the north jetty having a length of 15,443 feet and the south jetty 19,104 feet, thence 600 feet wide to the south pier at the navy yard, and thence 1,000 feet wide to the commandant's wharf, at an estimated first cost of $3,603,000 and $250,000 annually for maintenance, both figures being additional to the estimates for the commercial project given above; and that it be considered as a national defense rather than a commercial measure and be prosecuted only as found necessary in the interest of national defense. The above estimates were made in 1925, and are exclusive of expenditures on previous projects. The mean tidal range is 5.2 feet, though this is increased to 7 or 8 feet under the influence of northeast winds or storms of long duration. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of January 21, 1927 (H. Doc. No. 249, 69th Cong., 1st sess.), and is a modification of the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 18, 1878, provided for the two jetties and for auxiliary dredging. (Annual Report for 1878, pp. 553-572); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for increase in depth to 30 feet, with a width of 500 feet between the jetties and 1,000 feet seaward thereof (H. Doc. No. 288 62d Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of July 18, 1918, provided for the 40-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 1946, 64th Cong., 2d sess., Pt. I, pp. 21-29, 57, 58, and 64-68). The latest published maps are printed in House Document No. 249, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The 30-foot depth authorized by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, in accordance with the report published in House Document No. 288, Sixty-second Congress, second session, was "subject to the condition that local interests furnish evidence satisfactory to the Secretary of War that they will provide terminal facilities commensurate with the needs of the port." This condition has been met, the approval of the Secretary of War being dated November 8, 1917. The act of July 18, 1918, provided that the 40-foot channel up to the navy yard should not be undertaken "until the proposed new dry docks at this navy yard, carrying a depth of 40 feet of water over the blocks, has been authorized." This dock was authorized in the naval appropriation act approved July 1, 1918 (40 Stat. L. p. 725). 692 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, I. SS.: ARMY, 1930 The act of January 21, 1927, provides that local interests shall furnish without cost to the United States suitable dumping grounds for the disposal of dredged material. This condition has been com- plied with. Terminal facilities.-Piers and slips extend for about 1 mile along the eastern water front of the city of Charleston, and an additional mile is covered by marginal wharves. A number of these piers and wharves are owned by railroads and steamship companies and are used practically for their own business. The Port Utilities Com- mission of the city of Charleston owns the terminals at Columbus Street, a large pier near Market Street, and two piers at Tradd Street. It also owns and operates the belt-line railway serving all wharves and warehouses and connecting with trunk lines entering the city. Its wharves are open to the public on a charge basis. The commission has made extensive improvements at its terminal prop- erty and piers. Modern facilities exist also at the coal pier of the Southern Railway and at the wharves of the Standard Oil Co., the Charleston Dry Dock & Machine Co., the Clyde Steamship Co., and the Seaboard Air Line Railway Co. On the Cooper River above the navy yard a compress and ware- house company has a marginal wharf 700 feet long; and the Texas Corporation, the Sinclair Refining Co., and the Read Phosphate Co. maintain piers at their property. About 10 miles from the city the port terminals, built for Army purposes and to some extent still so used, are now leased by the Port Utilities Commission of the city from the United States Shipping Board for commercial purposes. A 30-foot channel leads to these marginal wharves, 2,030 feet long, where modern facilities exist for transfer of freight between ships and railroads, and extensive ware- houses and rail connections are provided. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 652, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session. For terminal facili- ties on the Ashley River water front see report on Ashley River. Effect of improvemet.The deeper and straighter channels have permitted the use of the port by larger vessels in regular commerce. At high tide 33 feet draft can be carried over the bar now, as com- pared with only 17 feet prior to the improvement. Because of its accessibility to deep-draft vessels, Charleston enjoys the full benefit of the order of the United States Shipping Board, effective March 28, 1925, which placed southern ports on a parity with northern ports as to freight rates to foreign countries. The port is an open one all year, and storage charges at the public terminals operated by the city are extremely low and inviting to shippers. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The undermined por- tions of the masonary sea wall of the center slip of the engineer wharf were repaired by Government plant and hired labor at a cost of $12,579.20. Improvement dredging under contract in Town Creek and in Cooper River was continued by the contractor and completed on August 15, 1929. A total of 87,524 cubic yards were removed during the fiscal year. The U. S. hopper dredge Dan C. Kigm~nan was engaged for five months in maintenance dredging on the outer bar and in improve- ment dredging between the jetties. During that period 765,595 RIVERS AND HARBORS--CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 693 cubic yards of material were removed in maintenance work and 882,845 cubic yards in new work, or a total of 1,648,440 cubic yards. The snagboat Wateree completed the removal from Town Creek and Cooper River of the wrecks of three Confederate war vessels. The slips of the engineer wharf were dredged by contract and 3,735 cubic yards of silt were removed. The U. S. hydraulic pipe line dredge Morgan, under rental from the Savannah district, completed improvement dredging in Cooper River and maintenance dredging in Town Creek. It removed 87,676 gross and/or credited cubic yards of material from Cooper River in new work and 156,506 gross and/or credited cubic yards from Town Creek in maintenance. The costs during the year amounted to $33,841.50 for dredging in Cooper River and in Town Creek by contract, $22,691.79 for dredging in Cooper River by Government plant and hired labor, $61,650.29 for dredging between the jetties by Government plant and hired labor, a total of $118,183.58, chargeable to new work; and $12,579.20 for repairs to Engineer wharf, $15,250.98 for dredging in Town Creek by Government plant, $1,218.31 for dredging at the Engineer wharf by contract, $48,111.79 for dredging on the outer bar by Government plant, and $930.21 for harbor line surveys, a total of $78,090.49, chargeable to maintenance. The cost of the removal of the three Confederate war vessels amounted to $8,811.17, for which reimbursement was made from the appropriation removing sunken vessels or craft endangering or obstructing navigation (indefinite). The total costs were $196,274.07. The total expenditures were $197,146.21. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The commercial project is 80 per cent completed. The jetties protecting the entrance channel across the bar were completed in 1895. The north jetty is 15,443 feet long and the south jetty 19,104 feet long; the distance between their axes at the outer end is 2,900 feet, and their height, as originally built, was 12 feet above mean low water for the greater part of their length. A survey of the Charleston Harbor bar, made in March, 1930, shows that the entrance channel has a depth of 30 feet for a width of 850 feet and that the channel between the jetties has a depth of 30 feet for a width of 675 feet. From the inner ends of the jetties to the Navy Yard via the Cooper River there is a 30-foot channel 600 feet wide and thence a 30-foot channel 400 feet wide to the Ordnance Depot wharf. From thence to Goose Creek there is a controlling depth of 23 feet for a width of 300 feet. In Town Creek the controlling dimensions are 30 feet deep at mean low water and 500 feet wide. The substructure of the masonry sea wall of the engineer wharf is in need of further repairs. As a result of dredging done by the Navy Department under the naval appropriation act of August 29, 1916, a channel 30 feet deep at all stages, 600 feet wide in straight reaches and increased to 1,000 feet at bends extending from deep water in Cooper River to the United States navy yard, passing to the east of Drum Island, was completed. Dredging done in connection with the construction of the Army supply base at North Charleston provided a channel 694 BEPORT OE CHIEP OF ENGINEERS, U S. ARMY, 1980 30 feet deep at mean low water with a varying width of 400 to 800 feet from the navy yard to above the supply base, a distance of 3 miles. Work remaining to be undertaken consists of the widening of the channel between the jetties to 1,000 feet and the extending of the channel from the Ordnance Depot Wharf to Goose Creek. The costs to date amount to $253,416.69 for new work and $184,904.70 for maintenance, a total of $438,321.39. The total expenditures to date amount to $483,066.23. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($171,425.16), will be applied to new work and maintenance as follows: Payment of outstanding liabilities--------------------------- $16, 077.06 New work: Dredging of the channel between the jetties to project depth and width with the U. S. hopper dredge Dan O. Kingman when available, 2% months------------------------------- 57, 000. 00 Maintenance dredging of the outer bar channel to project depth and width with the U. S. hopper dredge Dan C. Kingman when available, 3% months-- - 74, 500. 00 7------------------------ Repairs to the foundation of the stone quay portion of the Engineer Wharf by contract (May 1 to June 30, 1931) ----------------- 17, 000.00 Maintenance dredging in the Engineer Wharf slip by Government plant and hired labor or by contract if more advantageous---- 2,000.00 Surveys, inspections, and contingencies------------------------- 4, 848.10 Total--- ---------------------------------------- 171, 425. 16 The total expenditures will be $57,000 for new work and $98,000 for maintenance. The proposed expenditures for new work should result in the completion of the commercial project from the sea to a point in the Cooper River opposite the Army Ordnance Depot Wharf. The interests of commerce, present and prospective, do not require the immediate completion of the remainder of the project. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($105,000), will be applied to maintenance as follows: Dredging of the outer bar channel to project depth and width with the U. S. hopper dredge Dan C. Kingman, 3 months------------- $63, 000 Dredging of the channels in Town Creek and in Cooper River to project depth and width by Government dredge or by contract if found more advantageous--------------------------------------------- 20, 000 Repairs to the foundation of the stone quay portion of the Engineer Wharf, by contract---------------------------------------15, 000 Dredging in the slip of the Engineer Wharf by Government plant and hired labor or by contract if found more advantageous------------ 2, 000 Surveys, inspections, and contingenc es---------------------------5, 000 Total--- -------------------------------------------- 105,000 The proposed expenditure on the stone quarry portion of the engineer wharf will complete all work necessary to place in good condition the end of the wharf facing the center slip and all of the south pier. The amount requested for maintenance is greater than the average annual expenditure for the last five years. The expendi- ture is necessary by reason of extraordinary and nonrecurring repairs to the foundation of the engineer wharf, an accumulation of shoal- ing on the outer bar through failure to maintain the channel to project width, and the addition to the project of the channels in the Cooper River above the navy yard and in Town Creek. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 695 Commercial statistics.--The exports of Charleston Harbor con- sisted mostly of cotton, cotton-factory products, lumber, coal, manu- factured iron and steel articles. The imports consisted mostly of fertilizer materials, petroleum products, cement, starch, and other general commodities. The coastwise trade was principally cotton goods, shingles, lum- ber, coal, petroleum products, fertilizer materials, and other mis- cellaneous articles. The foreign trade shows considerable decrease in the shipment of cotton and coal, and small losses in other lines. Coastwise trade shows an increase in the shipment of lumber products and general merchandise, and a decrease in petroleum products, fertilizer mate- rials, and other commodities. The increased valuation of lumber is due to the operation of a creosoting plant. Vessels in foreign trade were from 20 to 32 feet draft, those in coastwise trade were from 15 to 31 feet draft, and those in local and internal trade consisted of steamers and gasoline boats of 12 feet draft and under. Comparative statement Freight taken on or Floated logs and Ferry traffic across Cargo in transit discharged by vessels lumber harbor in transit Calendar yea Short Value Short Value Short Value Short Value Passen- grs tons tons tons tons 1925.......-2, 831, 843 $202, 695, 179 331,890 $1, 161,515.------------------.. . 945, 223 $162, 096,646 535,48 1926 ....... 3,032,116 209, 139, 611 214, 058 767,887 61,373 $50, 792,120 913,041 160,066,609 564,919 1927- ..... 2, 561, 431 198, 475,042 218,814 1,531,698 135,648 82.182,708 803,477 140,759,089 794,922 1928- 2, 782, 596 186, 624,052 204, 001 1,689,90776,163 19,942, 04 747,487 149,497,400 882,760 1929- 2,436,608 177,506,661 244,326 3,038,506 128,793 50,136,444 740,403 148,080,600 469, 806 Cost and fnanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---_-_- -- --- -- $6, 839, 871. 80 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930- -- _--------- -- 586, 894.20 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 7, 426, 766. 00 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---------- 54, 536. 89 Net total cost to June 30, 1930__----------- ------------ 7, 481,302. 89 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------6, 238. 51 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930--------___ ____ 7, 487, 541. 40 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------- -- -__ -____-16, 030. 56 Net total expenditures-__ --------------------- 7, 471, 510. 84 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------- --- - 171,425 16 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 7, 642, 936.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_-.......... -.-... -... - $18, 244. 81 ------------ $8, 647.13 $126, 585.98 $118,183. 58 Cost of maintenance.........-.....---..--. 43, 825.14 $143, 475.74 60,320. 35 46, 493. 86 78, 090.49 r Total cost----.-.--.----....... 62,069.95 143, 475.74 68, 967.48 173, 079. 84 196,274.07 Total expended.......-.---..--... -.... 62, 069. 95 143, 475. 74 80, 799. 55 205,120. 47 197,146. 21 Allotted.. .. .. .. .. ..---- --.....-..-..- ...... 83,870.00 200,000.00 160,000.00 207,100. 00 096 'REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ______ _______ $161, 471.37 Amount allotted from War Dept. appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-------------------------- $152,000.00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930 -------------------------------------------- 27, 147. 77 Amount allotted from War Dept. appropriation act approved February 28, 1929_________________-__ 27, 952.23 207, 100. 00 Amount to be accounted for___________________________ 368, 571.37 Gross amount expended___________________________ 197, 529. 41 Less receipts from sales-__-___ _______ ___________ 383. 20 197, 146. 21 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930________________________ 171, 425. 16 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_______________________ __ 16, 077. 06 Balance available June 30, 1930 ______ ________________ 155, 348. 10 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930--------------------------------6, 238. 51 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930________________ 161, 586. 61 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 2- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3, 600. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1____ 105, 000. 00 9. ASHLEY RIVER, S. C. Location and description.- This river rises near Ridgeville, S. C., and flows southeasterly 40 miles, uniting with the Cooper River to form the harbor at Charleston, S. C. The drainage area is 320 square miles. The fluvial discharge at low water is 200 second-feet. The entire river is virtually a tidal estuary, and its lower stretch is a portion of Charleston Harbor. The average width, between banks in the lower stretch, is 950 yards. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1239 and 470.) Original condition.-The river was navigable for tugs, schooners of moderate size, and side-wheel steamers for 10 miles above the mouth, and for rafts and flatboats to Bacons Bridge, 30 miles above the mouth. The channel varied in width from 70 feet at Bacons Bridge to about 500 yards at the mouth in Charleston Harbor. This was reduced to 40 feet in width and 9 feet in depth at mean low water to Accabee Flats and to a minimum usable low-water depth of 6 feet at Cowhead Shoals, respectively 8 and 10 miles from the mouth. Previous project.-The original project was adopted by act of Congress approved June 14, 1880. The total cost and expenditures amounted to $5,500. (For further details of previous project see p. 1809, Annual Report, 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for a channel 20 feet deep at mean low water and 240 feet wide up to the Standard Wharf, about 71/4 miles. The mean tidal variation is about 5.6 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1912, was $51,150, exclusive of the amount expended under previous project. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. 1 Exclusive of available funds. sFor completion of commercial project; does not include $3,603,000 for completion of national-defense project. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 697 The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 4, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). For latest map of improved section see House Document No. 1810, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The facilities extend 51/2 miles above the municipal wharf at Tradd Street, and include the United States lighthouse wharf, Ashepoo Fertilizer Wharf, Planters Fertilizer Wharf, the J. F. Prettyman & Sons wharf, and the Chicora and the Standard Wharves of the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co. The fertilizer company wharves are equipped with mechanical unloading devices. These terminals are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-No effect on marine freight rates. The improvement has greatly facilitated vessel movement. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. hydraulic pipe-line dredge Congaree, under rental from the Jacksonville (Fla.) district, restored the channel to project dimensions by the removal of 36,673 gross or 23,485 credited cubic yards of material above the Seaboard Air Line Railway bridge. The total costs during the fiscal year were $8,623.57, chargeable to maintenance. The total expenditures during the fiscal year were $8,623.57. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913 at the estimated cost. The channel has project dimen- sions throughout. The cost to date amounts to $51.,150 for new work and $34,488.25 for maintenance, a total of $85,638.25. The total expenditures to date amount to $85,638.25. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($511.75), will be applied to surveys, inspections, and contingencies. No additional funds can be profitably expended, as no maintenance work is contemplated during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-Included with commercial statistics for Charleston Harbor. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__----------------------------- $56, 650. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------- 34, 488. 25 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930______________ 91, 138. 25 Net total expenditures__________________________ _ 91, 138. 25 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ _---_________________ 511. 75 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930________________ 91, 650. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ...----------- Cost of maintenance-------.-- ------- $97.22 $101. 67 $3, 800. 90 $746. 36 $8, 623. 57 Total expended__.... _ _..__ _______ __ 97.22 101.67 3, 800. 90 746. 36 8, 623. 57 a7,000 00s3I1~31,000.0 Allotted...............---------------.. 7, 000. 00 1, 000. 00 698 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-- --- _-_-_--_ - $8,135.32 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929------------------------------------------- 2,000. 00- Amount to be accounted for_------------------------- 10, 135.32 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment__----------- 1, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for- - - -_ 9, 135. 32. Gross amount expended------------------------------------- 8, 623.57 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930__ ----- _-----511. 75 10. SHIPYARD RIVER, S. C. Location and description.-The waterway is a salt-water, tidal tributary of Charleston Harbor, S. C. It has its source about one- half mile below the United States navy yard, whence it flows in a southerly direction for about 3 miles and empties into Cooper River about three-eighths of a mile above Drum Island. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 470.) It is navigable for about three-fourths of its length, but is not used above the plant of the Tuxbury Lumber Co., about 11/8 miles above the mouth. Original condition.-Prior to any improvement the stream had two mouths in the Cooper River. The lower mouth, which was the only usable one, had a controlling depth of 6 feet over the bar, and' thence the channel had a controlling depth of 9 feet up to the- Tuxbury Lumber Co. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, provided for a channel 15 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide through the upper mouth, to provide a better entrance from Cooper River. In 1913 this cut was made through the upper mouth about one-half mile above the lower mouth. The section of the creek: below this upper mouth subsequently filled up. The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, provided for a channel 18 feet deep at mean low water from deep water in Cooper River for a distance of about 11/6 miles above the mouth, Federal expendi- tures being limited to that part of the project above the upper end of the Gulf Refining Co.'s wharf. As the conditions of local co- operation were not complied with, no work was ever undertaken under this project. Total cost and expenditures prior to adopting the existing projects in 1930 were $4,150, all of which was for new work. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 20 feet deep and 100 feet wide, widened at the bends, extending from a point 50 feet above the Tuxbury Lumber Co.'s plant to deep water in the lower river. The Chief of Engineers is authorized to undertake, without local cooperation, so much of the work contemplated as will provide a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide, extend- ing from the Gulf Refining Co.'s wharf to the Tuxbury Lumber Co.'s wharf, at an estimated cost of $24,000. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1928, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects, is $56,000, of which $10,000 is to be contributed by local interests. (H. Com. Doc. No. 13, 71st Cong, 2d sess.). The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 13, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 699 The latest published map is contained in Rivers and Harbors Com- nittee Document No. 8, Sixty-ninth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Conditionsimposed by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, provided that local interests shall contribute $10,000 to the cost of the work and furnish the necessary spoil-dis- posal areas. These conditions have not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-There are no public terminals on this stream. Private wharves are maintained by two lumber companies, the Tux- bury and the North State, but the wharf of the Etiwan Fertilizer Co. has not been kept in repair, and small shipments are made by launches only. Each of the two lumber wharves has berthing space for only one schooner, but there is ample room for extension if :needed. The plants are served by railways, but there are no direct railroad connections to the wharves. One company uses an electric tram on the wharf and the other has tram tracks for pushed cars, but all loading on vessel is by hand. The Gulf Refining Co. has completed a large marginal wharf about one-third of a mile above the mouth of the creek for accommodation of large, deep-draft vessels, and has dredged a 28-foot channel thereto. Effect of improvement.-The improvement will permit much larger vessels the use of the stream and result in increased business and decreased freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been undertaken on this project. The Gulf Refining Co. maintains a channel 28 feet deep and 120 feet wide from the Cooper River up to its wharf, a ,distance of three-quarters of a mile. Above that point to 200 feet above the Tuxbury Lumber Co.'s wharf (the upper limit of the project) the shallow depth and narrow width of channel still obtain. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is pro- posed during 1932, the relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entailing postponement of new work. Commercial statistics.-Included with commercial statistics for C'harleston Harbor. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930___ _____-- $-------------- __$4, 150 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 _ Net total expenditures -- _---------------- ___-_ 4, 150 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930___ ----- __-___4, 150 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..................................... ............- Cost of maintenance . - . ..- ---.. ----.--- .----- ...-.- - ---.------- -- ..- .. Total expended-... ... -. .... .-........... ............ Allotted ....... -... .......- .. - - --... .....-........ -............. -. . ...-..-..--..- .-.-.------ ....- ... Amount (estimnated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- $46, 000 In addition $10,000 is to be contributed by local interests. 700 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 11. WATERWAY FROM CHARLESTON TO BEAUFORT, S. C. Location and description.-The waterway begins at the Ashley River entrance of Wappoo Cut; thence it passes through Wappoo Cut, Stono, Wadmelaw, North Edisto, and Dawho Rivers, North Creek, Watts Cut, and South Edisto River, Fenwicks Island Cut, and Ashepoo River to St. Helena Sound; thence through Coosaw River, Brickyard Creek, and Beaufort River to Beaufort, S. C. The distances from Charleston to Yonges Island, Martins Point, and Beaufort are 25 miles, 27 miles, and 741/2 miles, respectively. The route is tidal throughout, with a variation of 5.2 feet at Charleston and 7 feet at Beaufort. The route is sheltered from the ocean for the whole distance, except at St. Helena Sound. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 3256.) Original condition.-Previous to dredging under the present project there existed a channel with a controlling depth of 6 feet and width of 60 feet. The route was around long and tortuous bends in Wappoo Creek and Dawho River. Dangerous rock shoals existed in Stono River and Church Flats. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1881, provided for improvement of Wappoo Cut to 6 feet depth and 60 feet width. Project approved June 13, 1902, provided for Fenwicks Island Cut with 7 feet depth at mean low water and 90 feet width, connecting South Edisto and Ashepoo Rivers. Project adopted in 1890 provided for a channel 7 feet deep and convenient width in Brickyard Creek. The cost and expenditures on these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project was $133,239.22, of which $109,489.64 was for new work and $23,749.58 for maintenance. Existing project.-This provides for a waterway 7 feet deep at mean low water and not less than 75 feet wide from Charleston to Beaufort, S. C., with cut-offs in Wappoo Creek and between Dawho and South Edisto Rivers. The mean tidal range is 5.2 feet at Charleston and 7 feet at Beaufort. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1924, is $110,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1924) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925 (S. Doc. No. 178, 68th Cong., 2d sess.). (For latest published map of this waterway see U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 3256.) Recommended modifications of prroject.--None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, provides that all land required for the right of way and deposit of dredged material shall be furnished free of cost to the Government. This condition has been complied with. Terminal facilities.-The wharves and terminals along the route are sufficient for present and prospective traffic for some time to come. At Charleston there are public wharves and terminals, in addition to the many privately owned ones. Effect of improvement.-This waterway is an important link in the general intracoastal route, and its improvements has been of benefit to a large number of boats seeking to avoid the rough weather in their passage from northern points to Florida and return. Com- mercially the deepening has permitted the use of greater-draft RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 701: vessels. The opening of a new route through North Creek and Watts Cut has shortened the distance from Charleston to Beaufort 10 miles. Operations and results during fiscal year.-By the use of the snag- boat Wateree equipped as a bucket dredge, the shoals in New Cut and North Creek were dredged. A total of 7,555 cubic yards of mud, roots, and stumps were removed and deposited on the banks of the waterway. The costs during the fiscal year were $4,306.07 for dredging, chargeable to maintenance. The total expenditures during the year were $4,421.38. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1929 at a saving of $14,409 under the original estimated cost. A distance of 10 miles has been saved by the portion of the project completed from Dawho River to South Edisto River via North Creek and Watts Cut. The total distance from Charleston to Beau- fort is now 721/2 miles measured from the Ashley River entrance of Wappoo Cut. A channel 7 feet deep at mean low water and 75 feet wide now exists except for small shoals which have recently devel- oped in New Cut and North Creek, where the controlling depths are 5 feet for a width of 50 feet. The total cost to date amounts to $95,590.41 for new work, and $29,561.71 for maintenance, a total of $125,152.12. The total expen- ditures to date amount to $124,917.38. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($10,132.62), will be applied to maintenance as follows: Payment of outstanding liabilities-------------------- $234. 74 Dredging of the channel in New Cut and North Creek to project depth and width with the U. S. 12-inch pipe line dredge Creighton for one month (Dec. 1-31, 1930)-------------- 9, 000. 00 Surveys, inspections, and contingencies-------------------------- 897. 88 Total --------------------------------------------- 10, 132. 62 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($9,000), will be applied to maintenance as follows: Dredging of the channel in Church Flats, New Cut, and North Creek to project depth and width for one month with the U. S. 12-inch pipe line dredge Creighton when available------------------ $8,000.00 Surveys, inspections, and contingencies------------------------1, 000. 00 Total -------------------------------------- 9, 000. 00 The amount requested for maintenance is greater than the average annual expenditure for the last five years. The expenditure is neces- sary by reason of the adoption of a new project including a greater length of channel than formerly. Commercial statistics.-The decrease in commerce is due to the falling off of logging operations and to a decrease in the production of vegetable products caused by the prevailing low prices. There is a large and substantial freight business over this waterway in addition to a heavy truck movement during the spring and early autumn. The Stevens Line operates several boats between the Yonges Island terminal of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad and points all along the waterway. The Southern Railway at Charleston operates a 702 REPORT OF CHIEB OF ENGINEERS, U. S., ARMY, 1980 Bleet of small gasoline freight and towboats with lighters to points as far south as Edisto River. McDonald-Wilkins, Magionni & Co., and several other firms at Beaufort operate freight and towboats handling truck, oysters, canned vegetables, and general merchandise over the lower end of the waterway and its tributaries. The Charles- ton-Beaufort Line operates on a schedule between the two cities. This waterway is a link in the Intracoastal Waterway and is used by a large number of yachts in their annual movement between northern points and Florida. The boats carrying commerce were of 4 to 6 feet draft, and yachts were of 3 to 6 feet draft. Comparative statement Calendar S ttn IVu Calendar year Short tons Value a Passengers OCalendar ear year Short tons Value Passengers 1925.......... 55, 591 $3, 705, 108 5,772 - 1928----.. 51,721 $2,620, 264 900 1926_.____... 86, 749 3, 006, 715 3, 855 1929.......... 39, 761 2, 032,258 1927....----.- 87, 921 4, 031, 418 12, 530 Cost and financial summary ,Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_-------------------------- $205, 080. 05 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 53, 311. 29 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 258, 391. 34 :Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 234. 74 Net total expenditures-------------------------__ __258, 156. 60 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 10, 132. 62 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930- --------- - 268, 289. 22 __ - 1 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 s o Cost of new work-....------------------ .......... $41, 387. 21 $43, 632. 62 $10,570.59 -Costof maintenance.................---------------------- $3, 458. 39 13, 795. 73 11, 459.91 $4, 306. 07 Total cost----------------.......---- 3,458. 39 55, 182. 94 43,632. 62 22,030.49 4, 306. 07 -Total expended...------------------------ 3, 458. 39 55,182. 94 43, 551. 90 21, 761. 16 4,421.38 Allotted-----------.----------------- ............ 112, 050.00 7,000.00 6, 000. 00 10, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_---------------------------$4, 554. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930.---------- ------------- -- 10, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for--------------------------- 14, 554. 00 -Gross amount expended------------------------------------- 4,421.38 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930__ --- 1______-62 ___10,132. Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------ 234. 74 Balance available June 30, 1930 _ _-------- __.-_____- 9, 897. 88 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 for maintenance 1 - - - - - - - - - -------- _ 9, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARQRS -- ETON, 8. LEA 0., DISTRICT 703 S EIKXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928) ; collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, anid estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor line studies; fish-net inspections;, administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $8,583.15; the expenditures were $8,473.71. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $9,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and nancial sum/maly Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------- -- $36, 530. 17 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_____--- ----- -------- 598. 19 Net total expenditures_____------------- ---- 35, 931.98 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ -- -------- --------- - 5, 068. 02 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------- 41, 000. 00 Fiscal year ehding June'30. 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work----.... . ..----------------------- --------- ------- ---- -.-------- ------- -- . Cost.of maintenance --------------------- ------------------------. $27, 947.02 $8, 583. 15 Total expended.....-- ......------------- --.---------- ------------ ..... ----------... 27, 458. 27 8, 473. 71 Allotted.....................-----------------------------......------- -.... - $10,000.00 25,500.00 5,500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------- - - $8, 041.73 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ...------------------------- $4, 500.00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930_ 1, 000. 00 5, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for----------- --------------- 13,541.73 Gross amiount expended ___-__------------ --------------- 8, 473. 71 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ------------------- 5, 068. 02 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------------------------598.19 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------- 4, 469. 83 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year - -- - - -- - -- - - - - -- -- ending - - June 30, 1932, for maintenance - - - - - - - 9, 000. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE ACT OF FEBRUARY 12, 1929, AND THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JULY 3, 1930 The local engineer was charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the act ap- proved February 12, 1929, and the river and harbor act approved 'Exclusive of available funds. 11714---ENG 1930 -- 45 70 O; ChIE, EPORTT OF E1f(GInTEERS, T. S. ARMY, 1i93 July 8,' 1980, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Lumber and Little Peedee Rivers, S. C. (flood control). 2. Lynches River, S. C. (flood control). 3. Combahee and Big Salkehatchie Rivers, S. C. 4. South Edisto River, S. C. 5. Cooper River, S. C.; from the mouth of Goose Creek to Quimby Creek; also with a view to eliminating the bend about 3 miles below the junction of the east and west branches of said river. 6. Upper Sampit River, S. C., and waterway from the Upper Sampit River to a point opposite Wambaw Creek on the North Santee River. 7. Jeremy Creek, S. C., from Morrison's Landing to Graham's factory. 8. Abbapoola Creek, Johns Island, S. C. 9. James Island Creek, Charleston County, S. C. 10. Fenwick's out at Ashepoo River to Coosaw River, S. C. 11. Waterway from Ashepoo River, S. C., to Coosaiw River, by way of Fenwick's cut. 12. Jeremy Creek, S. C., with a view to providing an approach to M-2 lellanville. 13. Russell Creek, S. C. 14. Preliminarysurvey and examination of Shem Creek from Hog Island Chamnel, S. C. REPORT MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated March 16, 1928, a review of reports on Ship- yard River, S. C., printed in River and Harbor Committee Docu- ment No. 8, Sixty-ninth Congress, second session, was requested. Re- port thereon was transmitted to the committee and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 13, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 20 feet deep and 100 feet wide, widened at the bends, extending from a point 50 feet above the Tuxbury Lumber Co.'s plant to deep water in the lower river, at.an estimated cost of $56,000, with $2,500 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolution of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, House of Representatives, dated April 19, 1930, a review of reports on the intracoastal waterwa y: from Cape Fear River, N. C., to St. Johns River, Fla., printed in House Document No. 41, Seventy-first Con- gress, first session, relative to change in route between Winyah Bay and Charleston, S. C., is requested, and report thereon will be sub- mitted as soon as practicable. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 705 IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE SAVANNAH (GA.) DISTRICT This district includes all watersheds and harbors in the State of Georgia tributary to the Atlantic Ocean; Fernandina Harbor, Fla., and St. Mary's River, Ga. and Fla., and their tributary streams; the waterway between Beaufort, S. C., and St. Johns River, Fla., and that part of South Carolina embracing the Beaufort, Broad, and Savannah River Basins. District engineer: Maj. D. L. Weart, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Lieut. Col. Henry C. Jewett, Corps of Engi- neers, to October 27, 1929, and Col. Harley B. Ferguson, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Savannah Harbor, Ga .-----.... 705 7. Darien Harbor, Ga-------- 723 2. Savannah River below Au- 8. Altamaha, Oconee, and Oc- gusta, Ga ---------------- 712 mulgee Rivers, Ga ------- 724 3. Savannah River at Augusta, 9. Brunswick Harbor, Ga .... 729 Ga -----..-- ---- 716 10. Fancy Bluff Creek, Ga ---- 733 4. Savannah River above Au- 11. Satilla River, Ga-------- -- 734 gusta, Ga..------------- 716 12. St. Marys River, Ga. and 5. Waterway between Beaufort, ---------------- Fla ___ 737 S. C., and St. Johns River, 13. Fernandina Harbor, Fla--. 738 Fla---------------------- 717 14. Examinations, surveys, and 6. Sapelo Harbor, Ga-__---- 722 contingencies (general) 741 1. SAVANNAH HARBOR, GA. Location and description.-SavannahHarbor entrance is 75 statute miles south of Charleston Harbor, S. C., and 70 statute miles north of Brunswick Harbor, Ga., and comprises the lower 22 miles of the Savannah River, Tybee Knoll, Tybee Roads, and Tybee Bar, a total distance of 29.6 miles, and varies in width from 400 to 2,500 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1111.) Original condition.-The harbor extended from deep water be- yond the bar to Savannah, a distance of 24 miles, with controlling depths at mean low water of 13 feet on the bar and 10 feet to the city wharves. The channel was narrow and obstructed by wrecks, logs, snags, and piles. Savannah was the head of navigation for ocean-going vessels, though river steamers plied between Savannah and Augusta. (See report on. Savannah River below Augusta, Ga.) Pre ous projects.-Projects or modifications of projects were adopted by Congress May 18, 1826; March 3, 1855; March 3, 1873; June 23, 1874; September 19, 1890; June 8, 1896; and June 13, 1902. The cost and expenditures on these projects prior to 1912 were: For new work, $7,260,383.98; for maintenance, $298,894.26; total, $7,559,- 278.24. For scope of previous projects, see page 1810 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep with a general width of 500 feet from the 30-foot contour in the ocean to the quarantine station, 10.2 miles; thence 26 feet deep with a general 706 REPORT OF (O~RIEF O'F ]ENGINEERS, G U. S. i 19 30 width of 400 feet to the Seaboard Air Line Railway bridge, -16 miles; thence 26 feet' deep a 309 feet wide to the foot of Kings Island, 1.3 miles; and thence 21 feet deep and 200 feet wide with necessary regulating works to the vicinity of the Savannah Creosoting Co., 2.1 I niles, a 'total length of 29.6 miles; for widening the channel to 600 feet at West, Broad and Barnard Streets; for an anchorage- basin opposite Fort Oglethorpe by widening the 26-foot channel to 900 feet and installing mooring dolphins; for closing South Channel by a regulating dam and dredging a channel 7 feet deep and 100 feet wide between the main river and Wilmington River as a substitute for, this portion of the inland. waterway; for increasing the width of the channel at Oyster Bed. Island; for increasing the width of the channel at Kings Island to 525 feet; for dredging Drakies Cut to a depth of 13 feet and a width of 350 feet; for the raising, exten- sion, and repair of training walls, jetties, and other works; and 'The for bank protection. plane of reference is mean low water, which varies for differ- ent parts of the harbor. For, the upper end of the harbor the mean range of tide is 6.5 feet, with an extreme of 8 feet, and for the lower end 6.9 feet and 10.5 feet, respectively. The mean tidal range has been increased by the improvement about 0.9 foot at the lower end and 1.7 feet at the upper end. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1930 is $6,146,400, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1926) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $416,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 23, 1874, provided for works of regula- tion (Annual Report for 1873, p. 747); the act of March 2, 1907, made tentative provision for the 26-foot channel, generally 400 to 500 feet wide (. Doec. No. 181, 59th Con ., 1st sess.), which was definitely adopted by the act of June 25, 1 ,10 ; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the 21 fo'ot channel to the foot of Kings Island (H. Doc. No. 563, 62d Cog., 2d sess.) ; the act of August 8 1917, provided for the 30-foot channel to the quarantine station (I. Doc. No. 1471, 64th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of January 21, 1927, pro- vided for the 21-foot channel above Kings Island (H. Doc. No. 261, 69th Cong., 1st sess.7) and for the other features of the project (11. Doec. No. 262, 69th Cong., 1st sess.), and the 26-foot channel to the fQot of Kings Island was provided for by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (S. Doc. No. 39, 71st Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps are in the last three mentioned documents. The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, in authorizing the 26-foot channel to the foot of Kings Island provides that the Secretary of War is authorized to reimburse local interests for such work as they may have done upon the project subsequent to June 1, 1929, in so far as the same shall be approved by the Chief of Engineers and found to have been done in accordance with the project modification therein adopted; provided, however, that such payments shall not exceed the sum of $80,000. :Recommended modiflcation of roject.- one. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 707 Local cooperation.-The owners of the ferry using Screvens cut contributed $500 for work in this vicinity under date of September 21, 1914. The city of Savannah during 1929 expended $78,856.14 for the improvement of Kings Island Channel to a depth of 26 feet and a width of 180 feet. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, authorized reimbursement of this amount. The city of Savannah has deeded to the United States land necessary for dredging at Drakies cut. Under the 21-foot channel project the appropriation was made subject to the following condition (see fifth paragraph, p. 2, H. Doc. No. 563, 62d Cong., 2d sess.): "Provided that before the work is undertaken the city of Savannah will be required to accept the parcel of land near the upper end of the proposed improvement previously offered by interested parties and give assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War that the city will provide suitable terminal facili- ties thereat." The Secretary of War accepted the assurances, sub- mitted by the city under date of October 15, 1912, as a compliani with the above act. The river and harbor act of -August 8, 1917, provides " that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands reuired for the purpose of this improvement." Tle land for. the Barnard Street widening has been donated. The river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, imposes the condition that local interests shall furnish without cost to the United States suitable dumping grounds for the disposal of material dredged in connection with the initial improvement and subsequent maintenance of the channel above Kings Island and shall deed to the United States the necessary land on South Channel for the regulating dam, and shall furnish, without cost to the United States, a right of way for the intracoastal waterway extending from the main river near Fort Jackson to Wilmington River, and suitable disposal areas for material dredged in the improvement and future maintenance of the harbor. By a resolution, adopted March 13, 1929, the city of Savannah has made available the lands necessary for improvement and future maintenance of the harbor at Kings Island, and binds itself to furnish, when required, such dumping grounds as may be needed in the future improvement and maintenance of Savannah Harbor. The city of Savannah owns the land through which the new route of the intracoastal waterway is projected, and it is believed that the right of way necessary will be donated when needed. Land for the site of the regulating dam across South Channel has not yet been furnished by local interests, but it is believed that this will be pro- vided when needed. Terminal facilities.--This improvement serves numerous wharves and piers owned by individuals and corporations, municipal wharves, and the terminals of three trunk-line railways and two ocean steam- ship, companies, making a total developed wharf frontage (excluding slips or docks) of about 5 miles, of which 3 miles is owned by rail- ways, 1.8 by individuals and corporations, and 0.2 by the city of REPORT :OF CHIEF OF ,ENGINEERS~B U. s8. lYi 1 30 Savannah, and of which total amount about 3 miles is open to the public on equal terms. The Ocean Steamship Co. and others have wharves and piers with reinforced-concrete bulkheads, and the Gulf Refining Co. has a terminal in which the large berthing slip has on its land sides a steel sheet pile bulkhead, but the prevailing type of construction is the pile.and-timber wharf or pier fronting on docks and the main channel. The use of docks or slips is especially noteworthy, there being eight with a total perimeter of 3.5 miles. There are two small privately owned .marine railways for repairing vessels of moderate size and one privately owned marine railway for' repairing vessels of a maximum of 3,000 tons (not in good re- pairi). The city has purchased 1.5 miles of Unimproved, water front along the section of the harbor under improvement with a view to .uture development. Three large; oil. coipanies have berth- ing facilities: for tank steamers and storage. facilities in the harbor, arid. a fourth.has under onstrution and will have completed a steel sheet pile wharf and a refinery within the next few months. Many of the present. wharves are equipped with mechanical un- loading devices for handling bulk cargo; all have direct connection with the railways, and all but those on Hutchinsons Island have streetor highway connection. These facilities are considered ample for existing commerce, (For a full description of terminal facili- ties, see I Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series, No. 10, Corps of Engineers,) :Effect of improvement.-Since the improvement was inaugurated, water-borne commerce has been greatly facilitated. There has been a great increase in the amount of commerce of this port. Ships drawing 30 feet 3 inches have cleared from this port, while formerly 16 feet was the limit. The tonnage and value have correspondingly increased. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Improvement dredging by Government plant and hired labor on the 30-foot section resulted in the removal of 2,070,490 cubic yards, completing this portion of the project. .Improvement dredging by contract at Kings Island widening and .Oyster Bed Island widening resulted in the removal of 2,010,178 cubic yards, at a cost of $215,397.39, completing these portions of the project. There were removed 5,025,335 cubic yards between Savannah Creo- soting Co. Wharf and the sea, all maintenance dredging, on the 21, 26, and 30 foot sections. There were rehandled 266,156 cubic yards from the inside dumping ground for seagoing dredges. Improvement dredging in the Kings Island Channel, amounting to 317,888 cubic yards, was carried on by Government plant and hired labor at a cost of $78,856.14, the work being paid for by the city of Savannah. The total cost of new work was $408,997.28, and the total cost of maintenance $442,096.32, including in each case the costs of surveys and inspections. The total expenditures were $931,958.16. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 63 per cent completed. The section of the 21-foot channel above the foot of Kings Island was completed in 1929, the controlling depth at the RIVERS AND HAI BORS--AVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 709 end of the fiscal year being 16.5 feet at mean low water over a width of 150 feet. The 26-foot section of the channel, except that portion from the Seaboard Air Line Railway bridge to the foot of Kings Island and at bends where widening is necessary, has been dredged to project dimensions for the entire section at different times, but never throughout at the same time. At the end of the fiscal year the controlling depth was 24.3 feet over a width of 205 feet to the Sea- board Air Line Railway bridge and 22.5 feet for a width of 120 feet from this point to the foot of Kings Island, The 30-foot section of the channel was completed May 10, 1930, except at bends where the width is to be increased. At the end of the fiscal year this section had a controlling depth of 27.3 ,feet over a width of 300 feet. Island training wall was completed in 1928 to within 2,300 feet of ,Long Oyster Bed Island, with a total length of 10,850 feet and an average height of about 14 feet above mean low water. The widening of the channel at Barnard Street was completed in 1924. An anchorage basin opposite :Fort Oglethorpe and mooring dolphins in the same locality were completed in 1926. The mooring dolphin is: in good condition except for one pile cluster which was destroyed by ship- ping. The widening at Kings Island was completed December 5, 1929. The widening at Oyster Bed Island was completed June 19, 1930. To complete the project the following work is required: (a) Closing South Channel with a regulating dam and dredging channel be- tween the Savannah River and Wilmington River. (b) Dredging Drakies Cut. (o) Raising, extension, and repair of training walls, jetties, and other works. (d) Bank protection. (e) Dredging the 26-foot channel from the Seaboard Air Line Railway bridge to the foot of Kings Island, authorized by the 1930 river and harbor act. (f) Dredging in the 26 and 30 foot channels to widen bends. The costs under the existing projects were $3,890,265.94 for new work and $7,318,898.08 for maintenance, a total of $11,209,164.02. The total expenditures were $13,024,740.97. Proposed operations.--The funds unexpended on June 30, 1930, amounting to $932,344.37, will be applied as follows: Payment of outstanding liabilities pertaining to the last fiscal year and uncompleted contracts ....-----------............-------------- $69, 806. 4 New work : Dredging Drakies Cut to project dimensions (U. S. dredge Gilmer, August and September, 1930, or by contract, if more advantageous) -------------- 32, 000. 00 Maintenance: Dredging 30-foot channel to project dimensions (U. S. dredge Cumberland, 12 months, July 1, 1930, to June 30, 1931). 198, 000. 00 Maintenance: Dredging 30-foot channel to project dimensions (U. S. dredge Kingmau, 6 months, July 1, 1930, to December 31, 1930) . ------- --------- ------ 129, 000. 00 Maintenance: Dredging 21 and 26 foot channels to project dimen- sions (U. S. dredge G1mer, 5 months during the period July 1, 1930, to January 31, 1931, or by contract if more advantageous)- 87, 500. 00 Maintenance: Dredging 21 and 26 foot channels to project dimen- sions (U. S. dredge Morgan, 12 months, July 1, 1930, to June 30, 1931, or by contract if more advantageous) __----.------------ 198, 000. 00 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies ------------------- 218, 037.91 Total-.--- ------------------------------------ 932, 344. 37 - 710 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMtY, 1930 The total for new work as shown above, including a proportional charge for engineering, supervision, and contingencies is $32,000. Similarly, the total for maintenance is $900,844.37. The additional amount that can be profiitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($1,111,000), will be applied as follows: New work: Dredging channel 26 feet deep and 300 feet wide, from Seaboard Air Line Railway bridge to the foot of Kings Isld, by Gov- ernment plant or by contract,.if 'we advantageous --...$157, 000 Reimbursing the city of Savannah for work under the above project..------------------ ------------------ 80, 000 Dredging in 30 foot channel between jetties at mouth of river (U. 8. dredge Kingman, 8/ months) ___... 188, 000 Dredging in 26-foot channel (U. 8. dredge Gilmer, 4 months)__ 70, 000 Maintenance: Dredging 30-foot channel to project dimensions (U. S. dredge (OUmberland, 12 months) - 198,000 Dredging 30-foot channel to project dimnensions (U. 8. dredge ligma, SW months) ---,,, --- ,.. , , 75, 250 Dredging 21 and 26 foot channels to project dimensions (U, S. dredge Gilmer, or by contract, if mnire advantageous, 4 months) . 70,000 Dredging 21 and 26 foot channels to project dimaensions (U. S. dredge Morgan., or by contract if more advantageous. 12 months-,.. -.. ...... - +r+-. ,,,.5-,,,- _ r r, ., .... . Engineering, supervision, arld conting -iices---------------------- r .......- T_ , 19 000 750 ,---, Total ---.--------------. ........- , ., 1, 111, 000 It is expected that the expenditures for new work will complete the project with the exception of South Channel regulating dam, dredging new inland waterway route, Savannah River to Wilming- ton River, the extension and repair of training walls and other regu- lating works, and improve hydraulic conditions from the head of North Channel to the outer end of the jetties. The amount that can be profitably expended for maintenance is greater than the aver- age for the preceding five years because an additional length of chan- nel must be maintained and better maintenance is necessary to care for the needs of navigation, Commercial statistw.--Foreign traffic included 37 per cent of the tonnage and 22 per cent of the value of the entire commerce of the harbor, and consisted principally of food products, textiles, min- erals, chemicals, other vegetable products, and wood and paper; coastwise traffic included 55 per cent of the tonnage and 77 per cent of the value, and consisted principally of minerals, lumber, chem- icals, textiles, and unclassified materials; other domestic traffic in- cluded 8 per cent of the tonnage and 1 per cent of the value of the entire commerce, and consisted principally of minerals, animal prod- ucts, lumber, vegetable food products, and unclassified materials. The character of the commerce is varied, and no particular class is carried in any special type or draft of boat. All commerce moved over the entire portion of the harbor under improvement, except the internal and local traffic, which used only the upper 13 miles of the harbor: Regular steamboat schedules were maintained to norther, south- ern, western, and foreign ports, and on the inside waterway. The commerce for' the last five calendar years is as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-'-SAVANNAH, .GA., DISTRICT 711 Comparative statement " Rafted logs Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Short tons Value 1925- -----...... --...... _-___ -... _____. 2, 501, 535 $527,147,409 32, 860 $95, 043 1 251, 391 1926-------................ ...... ---- .... 2, 604,914 508, 529, 686 45,733 123,774 2 252, 925 1927_______________ _____________ 2, 368, 121 517, 497,229 38, 548 146,482 a 222, 014 1928---..... _------__--_. ...--------. ... 2, 308, 615 418, 769, 487 12,672 41,025 4236, 745 1929---. _-_---__-__ ___------- ___---- 2, 454, 232 347, 144, 549 20,878 25,749 1 253, 849 ADDITIONAL TRAFFIC Traffic across river Cargoes in transit Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1925 ...----------------- __ ___ 427 $14, 213, 500 1,'827,192 $168, 386,83 1926--- ------------------------------------- 27,188 13,594,000 1,088,762 140, 768,263 1927----------------------------------------- 29,862 14,931,000 1,242,790 167,011,824 1928---------------------------------------- 20,743 10,371,500 1,141,604 161,570,025 -- 3,479 1, 739,500 1, 090, 899 114, 702, 608 1929................---..............................------------------------------------.. 1 Includes 151,905 passengers carried by ferry and 64,626 local passengers. 2 Includes 135,277 passengers carried by ferry and 68,267 local passengers. 8 Includes 137,034 passengers carried by ferry and 55,989 local passengers. 'Includes 143,175 passengers carried by * Includes 168,543 passengers carried by ferry and ferry and 65,080 local 41,368 local passengers. passengers. Limits of draft of vessels, percentage of tonnage, and value of traffic for calendar year 1929 are as follows: Limits Percent- Percent- Classes of commodities of draft ageof age total totalof (feet) tonnage value Animals and animal products___..- -- _...... ------ ___-__-__ 6-20 2 1 Vegetable food products ----------------------------------------- 18-22 12 7 Other vegetable products__---__ ---- .....--- __..-.-_...--_ __-- 18-28 9 5 Textiles.... ------------------------------------------------------ 18-28 8 48 ----------------------------------------------- Wood and paper...................... 16-28 12 2 Nonmetallic minerals_.------------------------------------------- 15-28 33 5 Ores metals, and manufactures_-............ ..... ------... --..... 15-22 3 2 Machinery and vehicles 1 18-22 .......------ 1 ----------------------- Chemicals ........ ----------------------------- 18-28 13 4 15-22 TUnclassified......................................................--------------------------------------------------- 8 25 1 Less than one-half of 1 per cent in tonnage. The decrease in value is due to decrease in tonnage and value of high-priced commodities. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------- $11,150, 649.92 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------- 7, 617, 792. 34 Total cost of permanent work to June 30,1930 ---------- 18, 768, 442. 26 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930__---__---- 1, 833, 610. 91 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 -------------------- 20, 602, 053. 17 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 2_________------------- 928. 20 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 __--------------- 20, 626, 981. 37 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930__________-------------- 42,962.16 Net total, expenditures___________________--------- 20, 584, 019. 21 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ------ ---------------- 932, 344. 37 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------______ 21, 516, 363. 58 712 REPORT OF OCIEFP OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19830 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....-................... $85,417. 03 $115, 694. 40 $173,794.18 $174, 431.57 $408,997.28 Cost of maintenance.. 529,783. 80 707, 083. 52 .5----------------- 492, 330.65 476, 046.32 442,096. 32 Total cost------------...........-------- 615, 200.83 822, 777. 92 666, 124. 83 650, 477. 89 851, 093. 60 Total expended_..-------.------------- 615, 200.83 822, 777. 92 1,997, 639.09 406, 051. 14 931, 958.16 Allotted---------............------------- 550, 000.00 700, 000.00 1,984, 000. 00 690, 000. 00 689,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ___ ____ $1, 175, 302.53 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved May 28, 1930 .--- ------ $700, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved Feb. 28, 1929_ ....-.-- _ -- 240, 000. 00 940, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for ____----- ---- 2, 115, 302. 53 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment_------ ------- 251, 000. 00 Net amount to be" accounted for 1, 864, 302. 53 Gross amount expended----------------------- 933, 354. 89 Less receipts from sales-- 1---------------- , 396. 73 s931, 958.16 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_-__-_ ---- 932, 344. 37 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---------- 45, 257. 15 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts-------- 24, 549. 31 69, 806. 46 Balance available June 30, 1930______________________ 862, 537.91 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930___------ _ _ ----------- 24,928. 20 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930_ - __---887, 466. 11 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2, 224, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _- - - - - - - - - - - - 501, 000. 00 For maintenance 1- - - - - - - - - - --------- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- 610, 000.00 1-- -- -- - - -- - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Tor 1, 111, 000. 00 2. SAVANNAH RIVER BELOW AUGUSTA, GA. Location and description.-The Savannah River (see U. S. Geo- logical Survey maps of South Carolina and Georgia) is formed by the confluence of the Tugaloo and Seneca Rivers on the northwest- ern part of the South Carolina-Georgia boundary line. It flows southeast, forming the boundary line, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean 204 miles from its source, the distance by river being about 314 miles. Its drainage basin has an area of 10,400 square miles. The ordinary summer low-water discharge at Augusta is about 4,000 second-feet; the extreme low-water discharge as measured in 1925, is 1,385 second-feet; and the extreme flood discharge, 350,000 second- feet. The river is at or below the ordinary summer low-water stage . Exclusive of available funds. 2In addition the city of Savannah contributed $79,000 for dredging 26-foot channel to Kings Island, of which $78,856.14 was expended during the year. RIVERS AND HLRBOR-- 3SAVA ' V A I 719' corresponding in 1925 to a reading of 7.7 feet on the Augusta City gage on an average of about 36 days per year, the low stages usually occurring during the late summer and fall. From Augusta to Savannah the low-water slope is fairly uniform and averages 0.66 foot per mile. The current is moderate. The width between banks averages 335 feet. On ordinary low water the tide is propagated up to 50 miles from the mouth. Original condition.-The river was navigable to Augusta, 218 miles by water above the mouth, for the greater part of the year for steamboats drawing 4 to 5 feet, but during the low-water season there were various shoals in the upper portion of the river, with low- water depths of not more than 2 or 3 feet. The other obstructions consisted of overhanging trees, snags, and sunken logs. Previous project.-Adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. The cost and expenditures on the previous project prior to 1890 were $93,480.09. A subdivision between new work and mainte- nance is not possible. For scope of previous project see page 1813 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.---This provides for a chanrel 6 feet deep and 75 feet wide at ordinary summer low water from Savannah, 17 miles from the mouth, to the head of navigation at Augusta, Ga., a dis- tance of 203 miles, to be obtained by the construction of one lock with movable dam (details of location and design not fixed), the use of contraction works, the closure of cutLoffs, bank protection, removal of snags, overhanging trees and wrecks, and the dredging of troublesome bars. The mean tidal variation at the mouth of the river is 6.9 feet, and the freshet variation at the head of the improvement is approximately 18 feet ordinarily, with an extreme of 39 feet. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1930 is $1,933,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance and opera- tion is $75,000 for the first three years and $50,000 annually there- after. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for a 5-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 255, 51st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the special improvement, by bank-protection work, of 20 or 25 miles of river immediately below Augusta (H. Doc. No. 962, 60th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. 101, 70th Cong., 1st sess.), provided for the 6-foot channel and the lock and dam. The latest published maps are in the last mentioned document and in House Document No. 1243, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.--None. SLocal cooperation.-The State of Georgia and private interests expended about $15,000 on improvement works of a temporary character before improvement was undertaken by the United States. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, provides that work shall not be commenced until local interests shall have furnished, free of cost to the United States, the land required for the lock and dam appurtenances, and:all necessary flowage and dumping easements, nor until satisfactory assurances have been received by the Secretary 7~4 RPQcrQ ( ~ PCW Er ~~ i ARMY, ,1930 of War that there will be available within three years from the date Wprk is started adequate terminals for the economical handling of at least 125,000 tons of commerce annually between Augusta and Jfor Savannah, exclusive of sand and rafted or barged logs. Options necessary lands for lock and dam have been obtained and there are now available at Augusta terminals adequate for the economical handling of at least 50 per cent of the commerce specified. Terminal facilities.-The only water terminals served by this im- provement are at Augusta and at or near Savannah. At Augusta the water terminal is owned by the city of Augusta and consists of a wooden dock equipped with electric freight-handling equipment and a warehouse, and provided with rail and highway connections. This terminal is open to general public use. There is 4,000 feet of municipally owned water front that is yet undeveloped. At Savan- nah there are two municipal wharves, one: of which is in bad condi- tion, suitable for berths for river steamers, open to the public on equal terms, but neither is equipped with mechanical freight-han- dling equipment. In addition, there are extensive facilities at Sa- vannah, privately owned, for ocean-going and smaller vessels. Along the river there are numerous natural landings, without wharves or railway connections. A few of these have small sheds constructed for freight storage. On the lower portion of the river from the upper limits of Savannah Harbor to 1.7 miles above there are two private wharves not in use with a total frontage of 620 feet. These are of the open pile-and-timber type and have highway and rail connection. The terminal facilities on this improvement are consid- ered ample for existing commerce. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 10, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.---Logs are rafted and barged down the river from about 130 miles above Savannah. Steamboat service is now being carried on between Savannah and Augusta. Freight rates by rail to Augusta on some commodities are depressed on account of water competition and the boat line freight rates between Savannah and Augusta on many commodities are lower than corresponding rail rates.. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. snag boat Tugaloo was operated July 1, 1929, to November 20, 1929, and U. S. snag boat Macon May 1, 1930, to June 30, 1930, removing by hired labor between Savannah and Augusta 1,723 snags. This work cleared the river of snags and similar obstructions which interfered with navigation. The total cost, including surveys and inspections, was $18,695.78, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $41,588.67. Conditionat end of fiscal year.--The existing project is 33 per cent complete, the work remaining to be done consisting of the work authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. Some of the contraction works and many of the shore protection dikes, all of which were completed in 1915, require repairs. The controlling "depth in 1930, as determined by snag boat, is 3 feet at ordinary summer low: water. The costs under the existing project were $628,229.35, for new work, $551,125.02-for maintenance, a total of $1,179,354.37. The total expenditures were $1,221,392.20. RIVERS AND HARBORS---SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 715 Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended on June 30, 1930 ($25,137.89), to the payment of outstanding liabilities and the operation of U. S. snag boat Macon on main- tenance work from July 1, 1930, to November 15, 1930, and May 1, 1931, to June 30, 1931, a total of 61/2 months. The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($21,000), will be applied to the operation of snag boat Macon on maintenance for a period of seven months. This work will be necessary to maintain the channel in a suitable condition for navigation. Relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of com- merce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-Comparative statement of commerce for the last five years is as follows: Rafted logs Total Year Tons Value Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value 1925- ...- . ......-... ---- 60, 660 $322, 406 28, 835 $80, 379 89, 495 $402, 785 --------- 1926 ___________------ .. 102, 945 1, 747, 479 45, 733 123, 974 148, 678 1, 871, 453 _ 1927_----------- -------- 95, 964 1, 834, 218 38, 548 148,439 134, 512 1, 982, 657 - 1928 _------------------- 130, 587 2, 434, 174 12, 672 41,025 143, 259 2, 475, 199 1929 --------------------- 133, 727 2, 126, 703 20, 597 28, 249 154, 324 2, 154, 952 The usual limits of draft for loaded boats for the principal classes of commodities are as follows: Draft (feet) Wood and paper-- -------------------------------- 2-5 Nonmetallic minerals-------------------------------2-4 General merchandise ------- ----------------------- 2--6 The principal articles of commerce for the calendar year 1929 were sand, vegetable products, sugar, logs, and general merchandise. Barged and rafted logs were handled over the lower 115 miles of the river. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---- ---------- ------- $721, 709. 44 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-----------------------1 551, 125. 02 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------- 1, 272, 834. 46 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ---------- 43, 771. 17 Net total cost to June 30, 1930----------------------- 1, 316, 605. 63 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------- 1, 733. 34 Net total expenditures---------------------- 1, 314, 872. 29 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 25, 137. 89 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------- 1, 340, 010. 18 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 I-- -- .... Cost of new work...--------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance_-----------------_____ $26, 383. 66 $24, 638.83 $33, 943. 37 $17, 147.77 $18, 695. 78 Total expended.______-.._____. . ___ 26, 383.66 24, 638. 83 42, 499.Q8 17,006. 20 41, 588. 67 Allotted-------------------------- -- 13,000.00 21,000.00 18,000.00 12,000.00 45,310.18 Includes correction of error of $5,654.43 in this item in 1929 report. 1 REPORT OF QHIEF OF NGILEEB8, U. 8. ARMY, 1980 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929______. . - -_-_-_$21, 416.38 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-----------.. ---------........ $18, 500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929__----------------------........... 26, 810. 18 45,310. 18 Amount to be accounted for_---__-- -- _____- ___ 66, 726. 56 Gross amount expended ------------------------ 39, 837. 67 Less receipts from sales------------------------- 1, 751. 00 41, 588. 67 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------- 25, 137. 89 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 1, 733.34 Balance available June 30, 1930-----------------------23, 404. 55 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ----- ---- 1, 305, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance _ 21, 000. 00 3. SAVANNAH RIVER AT AUGUSTA, GA. The existing project was completed in 1918, at a saving of $30,293 under the estimated cost. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, and no work is now proposed. All the work under the project is in fairly good condition. No work has been necessary for maintenance since 1922 and none is expected in the future. The project has been recommended for abandonment (H. Dec. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). For a full description of this project see page 659 of the Annual Report for 1929. The commerce of this waterway is included in that of Savannah River below Augusta, Ga. Commercial statistics.-See report of Savannah River below Augusta, Ga. Cost and flnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----_--------------------- $200, 556. 30 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------- _----- 17, 443. 70 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ------------ 218, 000. 00 Net total expenditures ___------ ------------------- 218, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- 218, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... ..... .... Cost of maintenance ------------------- $1, 255.87 -.........- ------ --- Total expended.........----------------------- 1, 255. 87 ---------- Allotted ...................----------------------------------------- ---- $2, 000.00 4. SAVANNAH RIVER ABOVE AUGUSTA, GA. The existing project is about 84 per cent completed. Owing to the construction of two power dams, which have submerged much of the work under the present and former projects, this improvement can not be completed as originally planned. No expenditures were made ' Exclualve of available funds RIVERS AND HARBORS---SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 717 during the fiscal year, no balance is available, and no work is pro- posed. There has been no traffic over this water since 1922, and no further improvement or maintenance work is contemplated. The project has been recommended for abandonment. (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) For a full description of this project see page 661 of the Annual Report for 1929. Commercial statistic.---There was no traffic carried on over the Savannah River above Augusta during the calendar year 1929. Prior to 1922 the commerce of this waterway consisted principally of lumber and cotton. On account of the boll weevil the planting of cotton was curtailed during 1922 and the sawmills were shut down. The commerce for the year 1921 was 323 tons, valued at $21,422. No commerce reported for subsequent years. Gost ani fi1 aoi5 l summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930- --------------------- $69, 599. 99 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 5, 870. 01 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------------75, 470. 00 Net total expenditures-------- ------------------------- 75, 470. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------------- 75, 470. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------------------------------- ------- ---- ------------.----------- Cost of maintenance--------------------- $49. 06 $991. 94 $750. 91 --.................... Total expended 49.06 991.94 .-------------------------- 750.91.......... Allotted . ......... 5. WATERWAY BETWEEN BEAUFORT, S. C., AND ST. JOHNS RIVER, FLA. Location and description.-This waterway connects Beaufort, S. C., with the St. Johns River, Fla., and offers intermediate connec- tion with Port Royal and Marine Barracks at Parris Island, S. C., Savannah, Darien, and Brunswick, Ga., and Fernandina, Fla., as well as with the rivers of Georgia, which flow into the Atlantic Ocean. See United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 3256 and 3257. It has a total length, not including auxiliary routes, of 225 miles and a minimum width between banks of 150 feet. It consists entirely of tidal waters, little affected by fresh-water flow. In general the route consists of natural waterways through low marshlands. Isolated artificial cuts have been made to shorten the route and to render greater protection at exposed localities. Original comdition.-Priorto improvement there was considerable commerce by light-draft boats between Beaufort, S. C., and Savan- nah, Ga. The controlling depth between Savannah, Ga., and Fer- nandina, Fla., was 3 feet at mean low water. There was no through navigable channel connecting Fernandina with St. Johns River, Fla. At many localities this waterway was tortuous, shallow, and con- siderably exposed. 718 REPOR 90 'IE lO il 1 T;. AM 3 T.S.NE"M .1 0ao Preaviol projeots.-- efao and ryS 8.C., There is no previous project for this section. BaRannh, Ga. Between aanna&rm h, Ga., and Fernandina,Fla.-Previousimprove- ments in this section were authorized by the river and harbor acts of August 2, 1882, August 11, 1888, July 18, 1892, and March 3, 1905. BetWleen St. Johns River, Fla., and Cumbor1and Sowund, Ga., and Fla.--The first improvement of this section was authorized by the river and harbor act of May 23, 1828. The project was modified by the act of June 23, 1874. Under the previous projects prior to 1913 the cost and expenditures were $292,062.51 for new work and $134,776.21 for maintenance, a tetal of $426,838.72. For scope of previous projects of the inland waterway between Beaufort, S. C., and St. Johns River, Fla., see pages 1814, 1821-1823 of the Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water, with the following widths: Between Beaufort, S. C., and Savannah, Ga., a width of not less than 75 feet; between Savan- nah, Ga., and Fernandina, Fla., 150 feet; and between Fernandina and St. Johns River, Fla., 100 feet. The project also provides for removing logs and snags from Generals Cut, Ga. The work is to be accomplished by dredging, supplemented by training walls, as necessary. The mean tidal range between Beaufort, S. C., and Fernandina, Fla., is from 6 to 8 feet and between Fernandina and St. Johns River, Fla., is from 4 to 6 feet, with fluctuations from 11/2 to 21/2 feet due to winds and lunar phases. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $331,200, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $70,000. The main route from Beaufort, S. C., is via Beaufort River, Archer Creek, and Broad River to Skull Creek. From Skull Greek to St. Johns River, Fla., the maini route is as shown on the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 3256 and 3257. From Doboy Sound to Brunswick River an alternate and more protected route is via Little Mud River, Darian River, Three Mile Cut, Altamaha River, One Mile Cut, Buttermilk Sound, Frederica River, Mackay River, Back River, Clubb Creek, and Plantation Creek. A shallow protected route with 3 feet project depth leaves Bruns- wick River at Cedar Hammock and follows Jointer. Creek, Jekyl Sound, Little Satilla River, Umbrella Cut, Umbrella Creek, Dover Cut, Dover Creek to Satilla River. Thence it connects with Cum- berland River by means of' a small creek just above The Bulkhead and Floyds Creek. A channel 5 feet deep and 50 feet wide is also provided for connecting Baileys Cut of Satilla River and Dover Creek, Ga. On the Cumberland Sound section there is a loop 8 feet deep to the wharves at the southern end of Cumberland Sound. The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, consolidated into " Waterway between Beaufort, S. C., and St. Johns River, Fla.," the three former separate projects as shown below: RIVERS AND HARBORS---SAVANNAHI, GA. DISTRICT 719 River and H D. on S- Section harbr act N . es- Reniaks eion approved- o. gress l dune 3,1896 1295 3 3 Route No. 2 adopted. Inland waterway between Sa- Mar. 3,1899 295 53 3 Route No. l adopted. vannah, Ga., and Beaufort, July 25,1912 513 62 2 Modification of Route No 2 pro- S. C. vided for Archer Creek." Mar. 3,1925 2178 68 2 Fixes the minimum width at 75 feet. Waterway between Savannah, July 13,1892 41 52 1 Original 7-foot channel. Wter and Fernandinanlah, Mar. 3,1905 1450 58 2 Provided for Skidaway Narrows. a., and Fernandina, Fla. July 25,1912 11236 60 2 Incorporated alternate routes pre- viously improved as separate projects and the auxiliary chan- nels. Channel between St. Johns Mar. 4,1913 898 62 2 No map published. River and Cumberland Sound, Ga., and Fla. 1These documents contain the latest published maps. 2Senate document. The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, provided for work in Generals Cut (H. Doc. No. 581,1 63d Cong., 2d sess.), and in Back River (H. Doc, No. 1391,1 62d Cong., 3d sess.), and the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 provides for a channel from Baileys Cut to Dover Creek (S. Doc. No. 43,1 71st Cong., 2d sess.). Recommended modiflcactions of project.-None. Local cooperation--In 1883 the Georgia & Florida Steamboat Co. contributed $5,000 toward making the cut through Romerly Marsh. In 1885, with the approval of the Secretary of War, private interests deposited $22,108.77, which was used in continuing and completing this improvement, the appropriation for the works having been ex- hausted. These interests were afterwards reimbursed. The rights of way for all cuts through marshlands have been furnished free of cost to the United States. The first cuts through Gunnison Cut and Kingsley Cut were made by private interests prior to improvement by the Government. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, in authorizing the chan- nel from Baileys Cut to Dover Creek provides that local interests furnish, without cost to the United States, necessary right of way and suitable spoil-disposal areas. It is expected that these conditions will be complied with in 1931. Terminal facilities.-Exclusive of terminal facilities at the ports of entry, this improvement serves 94 wharves, of which 32 are pri- vately owned but open to the public on equal terms; 7 are owned or leased by the Government and not open to the public; 31 are for ex- clusively private use; 6 are for steamboat company use exclusively; 1 is for railway use exclusively; and 17 are owned and operated by steamboat companies and individuals but open generally to public use. The total wharf frontage is 5,624 feet. Of these wharves, 81 have highway connection and 1 has railway connection; 11 are lo- cated at Beaufort, S. C., and the remaining 83 are located at irregular intervals along the route. None have mechanical unloading devices and none are municipally owned or operated. With few exceptions these wlfarves are of the open pile-and-timber type. The Govern- ment wharf at Parris Island is built of steel piles with timber and i These documents contain the latest published maps. 11714-- G1930---46 720 REPORT OF HIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARM , 19 8 0 concrete superstructure, and four other isolated wharves are built of concrete piling with timber flooring. These facilities are considered ample for existing water-borne commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effet of improvement.-The improvement has greatly facilitated the water-borne commerce in vessels of moderate size by straighten- ing, widening, and deepening the natural channels, and shortening the route by dredged cuts. This makes navigation safer and easier, and furnishes the only protected route for vessels of lighter draft along the mainland and to many of the developed islands along the coast of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredg- ing with the U. S. dredge Creighton, with hired labor, between Beau- fort, S. C., and St. Johns River, Fla., resulted in the removal of 829,864 cubic yards and the maintenance of this waterway to project depth throughout practically its entire length. The total cost, including surveys and inspections was $72,077.96, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $89,486.73. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 97 per cent completed. The improvement cuts have considerably shortened the original length of this waterway. The training walls and closure dams were completed in 1912 and are in good condition. The controlling depths at mean low water for the following im- proved localities on this waterway and auxiliary channels forming a part thereof follow. Depth Date Depth Date Brickyard Creek-........_... 7. 1 June, 1930. Frederica River-.--- 4. 3 May, 1930. Archer Creek --................- 6.8 Do. Mackay River_-------- 6.2 Do. Ramshorn Creek-:------::: : 7.4 Do. Back River 2 -___6.0-- - -- - -- - -- - June, 1930. Fields Cut.----------------- 8.3 Do. Plantation Creek 5.8 May, 1930, St. Augustine Crossing-------...... 7. 0 Do. Jekyl Creek..--.---.... --- 7. 5 Do. 8kidaw y Narrows .........- 7.9 Do. Jointer Creek s_..---_-- . -1.4 Do. Florida Passage............. 7.0 Do. Todds Creek _.'----------- 1.6 Do. Creighton Narrows---------- 7. 1 May, 1930. Cumberland Dividings-----.. 7.5 Do. Mud River ..-.-.-----. 8.1 Do. Umbrella Cut ---..............------- 6.1 Do. Old Teakettle Creek.......---------... 6. 7 Do. Dover Cut 2-..-.. .. ___ 13. 5 Do. Little Mud River.......-----------..... 7. 7 Do. Fernandina to St. Johns 5. 8 Do. Three-Mile Cut 1t_...---- 5. 0 Do. River, Fla. Generals Cut --...........----------... .6 Do. Cut between Baileys Cut and (1) (8) One-Mile Cut 1 -----............... 7. 0 Do. Dover Creek. 1Alternate routes. 2Auxiliary routes. Not commenced. The costs under the existing project have been $321,212.49 for new work and $'774,833.58 for maintenance, a total of $1,096,046.07. The total expenditures were $1,129,566.88. Proposed operations.--The funds unexpended on June 30, 1930, amounting to $69,427.55, will be applied as follows: Payment of outstanding liabilities pertaining to the last fiscal year-- $5, 846. 23 Maintenance: Dredging areas which have shoaled to project dimen- sions (U. S. dredge Creighton, 6 months, Jan. 1, 1931, to June 30, 1931)-----------------------------------------------------60, 000. 00 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies ------_-_ ------ , ' 3,581.32 Total----------------------------------------------9, 427. 55 The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($70,000), will be applied to main- tenance as follows: BIVERS. AND HARBORS-SAVANNIAH, GA., DISTRICT 721 Dredging with U. S. dredge Creighton, 6% months--- ------------- $65, 000 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies..------------.------- 5, 000 Total--- ---------- ---------------------------- 70, 000 This work will be necessary to provide for the needs of navigation. The funds for maintenance are slightly greater than the average for the preceding five years, because better maintenance will be necessary. Relative desirability of improvement in the interest of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-Comparative statement of commerce for the last five years is as follows: Vessel traffic Rafted logs Total Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 348, 674 1925...-----.-------............$11,031, 200 22, 669 $309, 500 371, 343 $11,340,700 64, 604 ----------- 1926................ 480,568 24, 950, 200 32, 154 225, 100 512,722 25,175, 300 60,188 1927------------- .............-457,013 27,940, 600 24,757 173,300 481, 770 28,113, 900 55, 455 380, 333 18, 650, 900 1928-------................ 20, 037 140, 200 400,370 18,791,100 49,250 1929-. ----------- 510,353 20, 244,300 89,962 748,500 600, 315 20, 992,800 89,130 The usual limits of draft for loaded boats for the principal classes of commodities and money values follow: Classes of commodities Draft Tage Value Classes o commodities Draft n- Value Feet Per cent Per cent Feet Per cent Per cent Animals and animal Naval stores--------- ---- 3-7 4 8 products--------------- 2-7 13 21 Nonmetallic minerals.... 3-7 4 2 Vegetable food products.. 4-7 1 4 Wood and paper----------......... 2-7 74 32 The increase in tonnage and value was due to a general increase in practically all classes of commerce, and particularly wood products, animal products, and naval stores. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------------------------ $613, 275. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 909,609. 79 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------......... 1, 522, 884. 79 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------------- 34, 260. 95 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-----------------------_ 1, 557, 145, 74 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930-.--------------------- 3, 116. 23 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930,--------------------1, 560, 261.97 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930----------------------- 3, 856. 37 Net total expenditures-- .- - - __ _______ 1, 556, 405. 60 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------- 69, 427. 55 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-----_-- -__ 1, 625, 833. 15 1 Includes correction of error in 1929 report. 722 RESPOR OF CIlEF OF ENGINEERS, U. . ARMY, 19 3 0 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work -- ------- $-------- 29,027.00 -------------------------------- Cost of maintenance. ...-----------------. 48,004.30 1$66,996.86 1 $77,179,.30 $84,986.71 $72,077.96 Total cost--........---...............------------... 77,031.30 1 66,995.86 177,179.30 84, 986. 71 72, 077. 96 Tot*l expended..---...........------------------......... 77, 031.30 166, 995.86 155,198.23 91,224. 73 89,486.73 _ .--- Allotted-- 50,000.00 56, 000.00 50,000.00 oo--.---------------------- 85, 000.00 82,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_,-..... -- ----...... $76, 914.28 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved: May 28, 1930-------------- -------------------- 67, 000. 00 Feb. 28, 1929 ------------------------------- 15, 000. 00 82, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for 158, 914.28 ___--_________-_-------__ Gross amount expended ..------------------------------------ 89, 486. 73 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930___-- __--------____ 69, 427. 55 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_ -------- 4, 546. 23 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts __-- ____--1, 300. 00 5, 846. 23 Balance available June 30, 19380 .___-..__.. -_______ - 63, 581.32 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930_----- --------------- ____- 3, 116. 23 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--------------- 66, 697. 55 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- existing project 10, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance------ -------------------------- 70, 000. 00 6. SAPELO HARBOR, GA. The existing project was completed in 1911, at a saving of $3,094 under the estimated cost. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, and no work is now proposed, as there has been no commerce over this waterway for the last six years. The project has been recommended for abandonment (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., Ist sess.). For full description of this project see page 668 of the Annual Report for 1929. Commercial statistics.-No commerce was handled over this water- way during the last six years. The port of Sapelo is used almost exclusively for lumber, and it appears that there was not at any time during these years sufficient lumber to furnish a complete cargo for a ship. The last commerce handled over this port was in 1922. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------__---__________ $17, 905. 73 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__--___----_________________ 17, 094. 27 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930____ ___--35, 000. 00 Net total expenditures---- -----. 35, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-..35, 000. 00 1 Includes correction of error in 1929 report. SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS ANT) HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 723 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work--------------- -.....--- Cost of maintenance- . $737. 06 ------------------------------------ Total expended.... ......----------------------- 737. 06 . ----- ----..-. --... -. ----------- .. Allotted .........----..... -------- --------------------. .-.-- -----------.------- "-----------.. --------.- 7. DARIEN HARBOR, GA. The existing project was completed in 1905 at a saving of $43,207 under the estimated cost. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year. No balance is available and no work is now proposed as no maintenance has been necessary since 1925 and there appears to be no need of any work at this time to care for existing traffic. For full description of this project see page 669 of the Annual Report for 1929. Com~mercial statistics.-Comparative statement of commerce for the last five years is as follows: Vessel traffic Floated logs Total Year r Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925.............------------------. 28, 492 $1, 018, 000 25,625 $307, 500 54,117 $1, 325, 500 . 1926_ -------------- 27, 828 959, 800 10, 000 70, 000 37, 828 1, 029, 800 15,000 1927_------------------- 7, 280 228, 900 --------------------- 7, 280 228, 900 7, 000 1928 4, 452 549,100 --------------------- 4, 452 549,100 1,128 1929------ ------------- 2, 731 565,900 ---------------------- 2, 731 900 565, 640 The usual limits of draft for loaded boats for the principal classes of commodities and money values follow: Class of commodities Draft Tonnage Value Feet Per cent Per cent Wood and paper------------------------- ----------------------- 2-6 23 2 Animals and animal products..-------------------------------------- 2-6 65 90 The decrease in tonnage was due to a decrease in wood products, while the increase in value was due to an increase in practically all other classes, which are of a higher value. Cost and ftnancial swmmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------------- $144, 793.21 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------- 42,343. 28 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------- 187, 136. 49 Net total expenditures ----------------------------------------- 187, 136. 49 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 187, 136. 49 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work. -_ Cost of maintenance.---------------------- $176.06 $0. 35 ---------............--. Total expended__--------------------------176.06 .35-------- Allotted------_ ------------------------- -------------- -$4, 229.47 ... 724 REPORT OF CHIE OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 8. ALTAMAHA, OCONEE, AND OCMULGEE RIVERS, GA. Location and description.-These rivers are located entirely within the State of Georgia. The Oconee rises 60 miles northeast of Atlanta, Ga., and the Ocmulgee is formed by the confluence of the South and Yellow Rivers about 37 miles southeast of Atlanta, Ga. Each flows southeastward, the Oconee 282 miles and the Ocmulgee 337 miles to their confluence at a point known as The Forks, which is the head of the Altamaha. The Altamaha flows southeastward for 144 miles and empties into the Atlantic Ocean. On each river the current is moderate, the lower 34 miles of the Altamaha being tidal. The Oconee has an average width of 225 feet, a drainage area of 5,200 square miles, a low-water discharge at Dublin, Ga., of 1,100 second-feet, and an average low-water slope of 1.07 feet per mile. The Ocmulgee has an average width of 235 feet, a drainage area of 5,800 square miles, a low-water discharge at Macon, Ga., of 750 second-feet, and an average low-water slope of 0.94 foot per mile. The Altamaha has an average width of 450 feet, a drainage area of 3,000 square miles, a low-water discharge at The Forks of 3,500 second-feet, and an average low-water slope of 0.68 foot per mile. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of Georgia.) Origina condition.-These rivers were obstructed by rock ledges, sand bars, snags, sunken logs, and overhanging trees. The Altamaha was navigated over its entire length, but usually at high stages: The Oconee was navigable for steamboats as far as Dublin, mile .78,and for rafts 67 miles above Dublin. The Ocmulgee was navi~ gated at high stages as far as Macon, mile 205. At low water the controlling depth on the Altamaha was less than 1 foot, and on the Oconee and Ocmulgee less than 0.5 foot. Previous projects.-Until the Altamaha, Oconee, and Ocmulgee Rivers were consolidated by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, the improvement of each constituted a separate work. Prior to the present one, projects had been adopted and expenditures made under them for the Altamaha River by river and harbor acts of March 3, 1881, and September 19, 1890; for the Oconee River by river and harbor acts of June 18, 1878, September 19, 1890, and March 3, 1905, and for the Ocmulgee River, August 14, 1876, and September 19, 1890. The first appropriations were made without formerly adopting a project. Cost and expenditures under previous projects for these streams were prior to 1912: For new work ---------------------------------- $766, 405. 66 For maintenance--- ------------------------- 111, 950. 32 Total ----------------------------------- 878, 355. 98 Maintenance work prior to project of 1890 is included in "New work." For scope of previous projects, see page 1815 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an appropriation of $40,000 per year for the Altamaha, Oconee, and Ocmulgee Rivers, to be applied, following in general the methods which had been carried on under the previous project, to maintenance of 3-foot depth during ordinary summer low water and to the gradual increase on channel depth up to 4 feet, so far as practicable, without sacrificing the main- RIVERS AND HARBORS---AVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 725 tenance work. These methods are the removal of rock shoals, snags, overhanging trees, and other obstructions; the closing of incipient cut-offs; the revetting of caving banks; and the use of spur dikes and training walls. The width of channel was not specified, but it should vary from 60 to 100 feet, according to locality. This project includes the entire Altamaha River, with a length of 144 miles, the lower 145 miles of the Oconee River and the lower 205 miles of the Ocmulgee River. The tide at the mouth of the Altamaha River has a mean rise of about 6 feet. Just above the tidal reach the extreme fluctuations due to floods attain a height of 15 feet above ordinary low water. On the Oconee River at Dublin the ordinary fluctuations attain a height of 22 feet and the extreme fluctuations a height of 33 feet above ordinary low water. On the Ocmulgee River at Macon the ordinary fluctuations attain a height of 15 feet and the extreme fluctuations a height of 27 feet above ordinary low water. There is no estimated cost for improvement or for maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912. (H. Doc. No. 443, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published maps of these rivers are in the following documents: Altamaha River, House Executive Document No. 283, Fifty-first Congress, second session; Oconee River, House Executive Document No. 211, Fifty-first Congress, first session;' and Ocmulgee River, House Executive Document No. 215, Fifty-first Congress, first session. Recomoamended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The State of Georgia and private interests expended for improvement works of a temporary character, before improvement was undertaken by the United States, about $53,575 on the Oconee River and about $60,000 on the Ocmulgee River. There has been no other local cooperation. Terminal facilities.-Three trunk-line railways cross the Altamaha River. Transfer of freight between the railways and the river is practicable at Doctortown only, where a freight elevator handles commodities from the 200-foot open pile-and-timber wharf to the storage sheds on a grade with the railway tracks. Three trunk-line railways cross the Oconee River :within the stretch under improvement. Transfer of freight between the rail- way and the river is practicable at Dublin only, where one railway handles commodities from the small, open, pile-and-timber wharf to the storage sheds on a grade with the railway tracks. Seven trunk-line railways cross the Ocmulgee River within the' stretch under improvement. Transfer of freight between the rail- ways and, the river is practicable at Macon and Lumber City by means of elevating machinery and at Hawkinsville, Abbeville, Bar- rows Bluff, and Mosquito Bluff, by means of spur tracks and high- ways. Warehouses are maintained by the railway companies at Abbeville, Lumber City, and Barrows Bluff, while the Ocmulgee Lumber Co., at Mosquito Bluff, maintains its own warehouse. All of these facilities are built of piles and timber, and, as far as known, are open to the steamboat lines on equal terms. Along these rivers there are numerous natural unimproved land- ings which connect with highways. The wharf frontage at Macon on the Ocmulgee River is the only municipally owned wharf. These I72 REPORT F9 CHIEF OF:ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 facilities are considered ample for existing commerce. (For a ful description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvemrent.-The effect of the improvement has been to enable navigation to be carried on safely at a state of from 1 to 1.5 feet lower than was possible before any work was done. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. snagboats Macon, No. I and No. 2, operated periodically on the Altamaha River from its mouth to The Forks, 144 miles, on the Oconee River from The Forks to 10 miles above Dublin, 90 miles, and on the Ocmulgee River from The Forks to Abbeville, 100 miles, removing by hired labor 4,786 snags, which resulted in clearing these rivers of the worst obstructions. The total cost, including inspections and surveys, was $25,403.92; all, for maintenance. The total expenditures were $72,694.75. Condition at the end of fiscal year.--The existing project is of such a nature that the percentage of completion can not be stated. Chan- nel depths have been increased by the excavation of rock shoals and sand bars, by the construction of contraction and bank protection works, and by the closing of cut-offs. Navigation has been rendered safer by removal of snags, etc. Many of the closing dams and con- traction and bank-protection works need refilling and repairs. The controlling depths at ordinary summer low water, as deter- mined from reports by boats using these rivers, are about 1.5 feet for the Altamaha, 1 foot from the mouth of the Oconee River to Milledgeville, Ga., and 1.5 feet from the mouth of the Ocmulgee river to Macon, Ga. These depths are practicable throughout the year, except during October and November, the usual low-water months. The costs under the existing project have been $60,847.16 for new work and $522,442.20 for maintenance, a total of $583,289.36. The total expenditures were $666,984.77. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended on June 30, 1930, amounting to $33,399.07, will be applied as follows: Payment of outstanding liabilities pertaining to last fiscal year___ $2, 349. 97 Maintenance: Snagging (U. S. snagboat No. 2, July 1, 1930, to No- vember 30, 1930,. and May 1,, 1931, to June 30, 1931, 7 months) 21, 000. 00 Maintenance: Snagging (U. S. snagboat No. 1, July 1, 1930, to Oc- tober 31, 1930, and May 1, 1931, to June 30, 1931, 6 months)------ 5, 400. 00 Engineering, supervision and contingencies _______- ___________ 4,649. 10 Total---------------------------------------------- 33, 399.07 The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($27,000) will be applied as follows : Maintenance: Snagging (U. S. snagboat No. 2, 6 months)-----------$18, 000 Maintenance: Snagging (U. S. snagboat No. 1, 6 months) _____ _____ 5, 400 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies---- 3, 600 Total----------------------------------- 27, 000 This work will be necessary in order to maintain the channels in a suitable condition for navigation. Commercial stftittics.----Comparative'statement of commerce for the last five years is as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 727 ALTAMAHA RIVER, GA. " - Vessel traffic Floated logs Total Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925-----------------.................... 114,383 $1,378, 900 65, 785 $1,122, 000 180,168 $2,500, 900----------.. 1926------------------.................... 82, 393 3,044, 700 61,856 432,900 144,249 3, 477, .......---------... 1927--..- -----------... 140,781 3, 2,Q64 22, 316 156, 212 163,097 3, 411,276 ---------- 1928.- 85!6' 1, 9,700 17, 956 135,700 103,272 1, 175,400 ---------- 1929----------------- 64,693 664,400 20,000 160, 000 84, 693 824,400--------- The usual limits of draft for loaded boats for the principal classes of commodities, and money values, follow: Class of commodities Draft Tonnage Value Feet Per cent Per cent Wood and paper...------------------------------------------------- f-5 94 99 NIonmetallc minerals-,------------------------------------------------ 5 .6 1 The.principal classes of commerce were wood products, amounting to 94 per cent of the total tonnage, and 99 per cent of the total value. The decrease in tonnage and value was due to a decrease in this class of traffic. Oconee River, Ga. Vessel traffic Floated logs Total Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1025------------------ 59,398 $1, 093, 300 6, 088 $73, 100 65, 486 $1, 166, 400 ---------- 1926------------------ 55, 970 907,600 27, 977 164,800 83,947 1,072,400 _----- 1927------------------ 93,80 1,896,700 4,06 28, 700 98,086 1,925, 400 1928------------------ 79,148 753,400 6,652 46,600 85,800 800, 000 - 1929- ---- - 50,334 471,800 4,000 ' 32000 54,334 503, 800.. The usual limits of draft for the principal classes of commodities, and money values, follow: Class of commodities Draft Tonnage Value Feet Per cent Per cent Wood products------------ ------------------------------------ 2-5 100 100 The entire commerce consisted of wood products. The decrease in tonnage and value was due to a decrease in business of this char- acter. Practically all the commerce was handled over the lower 95 miles. Ocmulgee River, Ga. Vessel traffic Floated logs Total Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons .. Value 1925 ----------- ------ 133, 313 $1, 938, 800 6, 088 $73, 100 139, 401 $2, 011, 900 ------------ 1926. ---- -- - --- 31, 729 1, 716, 400 47, 977 331, 800 79, 706 2,048, 200 1927. --....-----. - 102, 949 2,486,300 17, 106 119, 700 120, 055 2,606, 000 1928- ---......------ 42,111 517, 700 8,652 60, 600 50,763 578, 300 ------------ 1929... 18, 065 180, 200 4, 000 32, 000 22,65 212, 200 .. f28 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEEBS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The usual limits of draft for loaded boats for the principal classes of commodities and money values follow: Class of commodities Draft Tonnage Value Feet Per cent Per cent Wood products.............................------------------------------------------... 2 to 3 100 100 The entire commerce consisted of wood products. The decrease in tonnage and value was due to a general decrease in traffic on this river. All the commerce was handled over the lower 95 miles. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ $827, 252. 82 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------------- 634, 392. 52 TTIotal cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 461,645. 34 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930--------- 85, 837. 95 : ettotal icostto Jine 30, 1980- ------------. - .1; 547, 483. 29 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930---... . ----- 2,142.54 Net total expenditures------------------ -- -------- 1, 545,340. 75 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ----.- -------------- 833,399. 8-- 07 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 1, 578, 739. 82 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.....-. ....... . Cost of maintenance ,------------------$40, 633.69 $29,370.38 $26, 967.33 $27, 538.91 $25,403.92 Total expended----------------------- 40, Q3. 9 29,870.33 23,488.10 31, 815. 68 72, 694.75 Allotted---------.... ......--..-----------........ ------ 20, 500. 00 27, 500.00 30,000:00 105, 000. 00 -2,810.18 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_____________---------- $108, 904. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------ .....-- ---------------------- 29, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for------------------..-, 137, 904. 00 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment- ------------- 31, 810. 18 Net amount to" be accounted for--..________-___ 106, 093. 82 Gross amount expended------------------------- $72, 722. 75 Less receipts from sales..-------------------------- 28. 00 72, 694. 75 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 33, 399. 07 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------___- - ___ 2, 349. 97 Balance available June 30, 1930--------------- ------ 31, 049. 10 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance - - - - - - - - - - ----------------- 27, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS& ND HARBORS-SAVANNAH GA., DISTRICT 729 9. BRUNSWICK HARBOR, GA. Location. and description.-Brunswick.arbor entrance is 70 stat- ute miles south of entrance to Savannah Harbor, Ga., and 25 statute miles north of entrance to Fernandina Harbor, Fla. It embraces the improved channel across the bar, St. Simon Souind, Back River, from St. Simon Sound to the mouth of Mill Creek, Brunswick River, East River to the upper limits of the city, and Turtle River to the Southern Railway terminals; also that portion of Academy Creek used by shipping interests. Not including the bar channel, the har- bor is about 10 miles in length and 300 to 3,000 feet in width. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1111.) Original condition.-The controlling depth in East River was 9 feet at mean low water, and across the bar it was variable; pirior t 1879 it appears to have been 17 feet at mean low water, and this a few years later was reduced to about' 13 feet. Previous projects.--Prior to the ad-ptionrof the existing plari d improvement, projects and modifications of piojects hid been adopted for this harbor on July 4, 1836, August 5, 1886, June 3, 1896, iid June 13, 1909. The total cost and expeniditures under all these previous authorizations prior to 1907 were $643,465.18 for new 6rlk and $54,414.07 for maintenance, making a total of $697,879.25, in- cluding $27 0 ,000 for work done on the outer bar by a private in- dividual, under direct authorization of Congress by the river and hibor act of June 27, 1892, and subsequent acts of similar nature. For scope of previous projects, see page 1818 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing projet.-This provides for channels, as follows: 80 feet deep and 500 feet wide through the bar; 27 feet deep and 400 feet wide at Brunswick Point; 27 feet deep and 350 feet wide in East River; 27 feet deep and 300 feet wide in Turtle River; 24 feet deep and 150 feet wide in Academy Creek; and A cut from Academy Creek to Turtle River, if later decided advis- able. A channel in Back River 20 feet deep and 150 feet wide from St. Simon Sound to the mouth of Mill Creek. All depths are referred to mean low water. The mean tidal range on the bar is 6.3 feet, and at the city of Brunswick 7 feet, with minor fluctuations due to wind and lunar effects. The estimate of cost for, new work, revised in 1930, is $2,403,700, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, of which $10,000 is to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $154,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1879, provided for the construction of East River jetty (Annual Report for 1880, p. 959); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for channels in the inner and outer harbors of 30 feet depth at mean high water, with widths varying from 150 feet in Academy Creek to 400 feet across the outer bar; the exten- sion of training wall in East River; and the construction of two spur dikes (H. Doc. No. 407, 59th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for increased widths and depths in the existing channel (H. Doc. No. 393, 64th Cong., 1st sess.), and the act of July 3, 1930, provides for a 20-foot channel in Back River 730 REPORi CfHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1980 and increased depths on the bar, Brunswick Point, Turtle River, and East River (S. Doc. No. 57, 71st Cong., 2d sess., and S. Doc. No. 132, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The last-mentioned documents contain the latest published maps. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1980, in adopting the project for channel in Back River, Ga., pro- vides that local interests shall contribute $10 000 to the cost of the work and provide, free of cost to the United States, suitable areas for the disposal of dredged material. In authorizing the deepening of the several channels in Brunswick Harbor, the act further pro- vides that local interests furnish, free of cost to the United States, all lands necessary for the improvement and future maintenance of the harbor and give assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers that they will save the United States from all claims for damages that may result from the proposed work and its maintenance. These conditions have not yet been complied with. Teermina facil'ties,-This improvement serves a developed water front of about 3.6 miles, including a wharf 2,000 feet long at the Southern Railway terminals and a wharf owied by the Atlantic Refiiing Co., with frontage of 377 feet on Turtle Riaer, and exclud- ing 4dre;g'd cdsAks. iwh'rves are of the open pile-and-timber type except those at the Atlanta, Birmingham & Coast Railway terminals, which are built of reinforced-concrete piles and bulkhead, with timber superstructure. Of the total developed frontage the railroads own about 2 miles (most of which is under lease to for- warding agents) and private individuals and companies about 1 mile. The city of Brunswick owns and maintains two small municipal wharves, 225 linear feet of undeveloped frontage, and the foot of all city streets, though it controls only two of them, the rest having been leased to individuals or corporations. The city also provides a terminal for the New York-Texas Steamship Co. in the Atlanta, Birmingham & Coast Railway basin, consisting of a wooden wharf on which is located a covered warehouse used for assembling car- goes for vessels. The railroads parallel the water front and serve the separate wharves by spurs; all wharves except the Southern Railway terminals have highway or street connection. None of the wharves are equipped with mechanical unloading devices except those owned by the Georgia Creosoting Co., the Southern Railway Co.,: and the Atlantic Refiting Co., the latter wharf being equipped with a pumping station for the discharge of fuel oil from ships. The municipal and railway wharves are open to the public on equal terms; all others are exclusively for private use. These facili- ties are considered ample for existing commerce. (For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 10, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The commerce for the first year after completion of the 1907 project was ten times in tonnage and fifty times in value compared with the commerce before improvement. A reduction in ocean freight rates followed improvement, but there were other contiributing causes. The improvement permitted regu- lar lines of coastwise steamers to enter and leave the port regardless of the stage of tide. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 731 Operations and results during f cal year.-Maintenance dredging by Government plant and hired labor was in progress at different periods during the year on the bar, East River, Brunswick Point and Upper and Lower Turtle Rivers, resulting in the removal of 1,151,034 cubic yards. The total cost, including inspections and surveys, was $121,701.82, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $123,871.23. Conditions at end effiscal year.-The existing project is about 48 per cent completed. Maintenance dredging is necessary to take care of shoaling. The East River training wall and spur dike are in good condition. The controlling depth at mean low water, as deter- mined in June, 1930, for Brunswick Bar is 26.2 feet; Back River about 11 feet; Lower Turtle River 25 feet; Academy Creek 12.7 feet; Upper Turtle River 26.2 feet, and in East River and Brunswick Point 24.4 feet each, as determined in April, 1930. To complete the project, dredging will be required at the following localities: Bruns- wick Bar, Back River, Brunswick Point, East River, and Turtle River, as authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. The costs under the existing project have been $1,163,689.68 for new work, and $1,235,627.03 for maintenance, a total of $2,399,316.71. the total expenditures were $2,389,263.59. Proposed operations.--The funds unexpended on June 30, 1930, amounting to $194,107.16 will be applied as follows: Payment of outstanding liabilities pertaining to last fiscal year_.. $21, 723. 96 New work: Dredging 27-foot channel (U. S. dredge Savannath, July 1, 1930, to Sept. 30, 1930, 3 months) ------------------------- 49, 500.00 Maintenance: Dredging 27foot channel (U. S. dredge Savannah, Oct. 1, 1930, to Dec. 31, 1930) ------------------------------------- 49, 500. 00 Dredging inner harbor (U. S. dredge Gilmer, Apr. 1, 1931, to June 30, 1931, 3 months) ----------------------------- 52, 500. 00 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies ___-______- -____ 20, 883.20 Total-------- ----------------------------------- 194, 107. 16 The total for new work as shown above, including a proportional charge for engineering, supervision, and contingencies, is $56,000. Similarly, the total for maintenance is $138,107.16. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($120,000), will be applied as follows: New work : Dredging Back River by Government plant, or by contract, if more advantageous ------------------------------------- $20,000 Maintenance : Dredging 27-foot channel (U. S. dredge Savannahk, 4 months) ------ 66, 000 Dredging inner harbor (U. S. dredge Gilmer, 11/2 months) __- -_ 26,250 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies_----------- - ___--_ 7, 750 Total-----------_-------- -------------------------- 120, 000 The proposed expenditures for maintenance are somewhat greater than the average for the past five years because increased draft of vessels using this harbor has made better maintenance necessary. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of other new work on the project. Comn~ erca statistics.-Comparative statement of commerce for the last five years is as follows: 732 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. 8;. ARMY, 193 0 Vessel traffic Rafted logs Total Freight in transit Passen- Year gers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925_ 614,286 $22, 471, 300 43, 958 $575, 200 658, 244. $23, 046,500 15, 000 119, 956 $12, 587, 400 IO26_ - 923, 855 46,540,100 76,003 899,300 999,858 47, 439, 400 25,125 180, 028 33,122,100 927.... 1,087,223 48,106,300 22,700 158,900 1,109, 923 48, 265, 200 11,436 243,008 51, 495,600 1928_- :1,:081, 836 45~904,;600 15,187 106, 800 1, 097, 023 46, 010, 900 7,147 252, 020 53,195, 600 1929_._.. 1, 119,374 45, 907,100 27, 000 216,000 1,146,.374 46,123,100 13, 500 321, 669 56, 458,100 1Local passengers. The usual limits of draft for loaded boats for the principal classes of commodities and money values follow: Class of commodities Draft Tonnage Value Feet Per cent Per cent Petroleum products.............................--------------------------------------------- 16-30 47 18 Wood products.........------------------------------------------------12-26 22 12 Naval stores -- ------------------------------------------------- 18-28 19 85 Chemicals------- --------------------------------- 20-27 7 5 Foreign commerce was 29 per cent of the total tonnage which included animal products, petroleum products, chemicals, naval stores, sugar, cotton, and wood products. Coastwise 56 per cent, consisting of petroleum products, animal products, wood products, naval stores, and ores and metals. Internal, 15 per cent, consisting principally of animals and animal products, naval stores, wood prod- ucts, and nonmetallic minerals. The character of commerce is varied and no particular class is carried in any special type or draft of vessel except the petroleum products, which are carried in tank steam- ers drawing from 16 to 30 feet. The entire commerce was carried over the improved sections of the harbor. Regular daily and weekly schedules were maintained from Brunswick to various points along the inside waterway and rivers. Coastwise connections were afforded by a small boat making two trips weekly to Savannah, where connec- tions with coastwise steamship lines were made: About 75 per cent tonnage and 90 per cent value of the total commerce required the full project depth for shipment on all stages of tide. The increase in tonnage was due to a general increase in business over the harbor. The increase in value is not in proportion to the increased tonnage, due to a decline in the price of naval stores, one of the main com- modities of the port. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ ___-__$1, 807, 154. 86 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------- 1, 290, 041.10 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 3, 097, 195. 96 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ------- 3,081. 56 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 3, 100, 277. 52 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930_---------------------- - 138.28 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930----------- ----- ---- 3, 100, 415. 80 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------------- 13, 272.96 Net total expenditures- --------------- --------. 3, 087,142.84 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 _-------------------------- 194, 107. 16 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-.....------- 3, 281, 250. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS---SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRIOT 733 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.......---------------------$65,134.87 33,294.29 $14, 796.09 $37,178.19 .......... Cost of maintenance-....-............. . 34,834.51 33,440.05 108,872.54 107,824.70 82 $121, 701. -Total cost......-----..------------------ 99,969.38 66,734.34 123, 668.63 002.89 145, 121,701.82 Total expended......----------------------- 99,969.38 66,734.34 137, 587. 12 137,265.33 123,871.23 Allotted -------------------------- 83,500.00 140, 000.00 110,000.00 100,000.00 222, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929____ .. _ _ _ $95, 978. 39 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930----- ----------- __ $166, 000 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929_ ---___ ---------- .... 56, 000 222, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_ __------------- 317, 978. 39 Gross amount expended------------ ---------------------- 123, 871. 23 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ------------------- 194,107. 16 Outstianding liabilities June 30, 1930_ _--------------------- 21, 723. 96 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------------- 172, 383. 20 Accou nts receivable June 30, 1930 ----- 138. 28 .-------------------- Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930_-.- _------- - 172, 521. 48 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 12 -_________________ ____ - 1, 230, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: - - - - - - - - --- ----- ----- - - -- For new work 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - 20, 000. 00 For maintenance 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - 100, 000. 00 Total 1 ------------------------------------------- 120, 000. 00 10. FANCY BLUFF CREEK, GA. The existing project was completed in 1914. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, and no work is now proposed as no work has been necessary since 1924 and none is needed at this time to care for existing traffic. For a full description of this project see page 679 of the Annual Report for 1929. Commercial statistics.-Comparative statement of commerce for the last five years is as follows: Vessel traffic Floated logs Total Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925 ------------------- 5,025 $368, 200 -------------------- 5, 025 $368, 200 4,800 1926_--- --------.-- 10,64* 443,700 -------------------- 10,643 443,700 5,000 1927.-------------------7,332 271, 500 --------------------- 7,332 271,500 1,000 1928------ ------------- 5,246 231,500 ------------------- 5,246 231, 600 1,000 1929.-------------------6,106 214,300 ------ _--------------6,106 214,300 400 1 Exclusive of available funds. s In addition $10,000 is to be contributed by local interests. 734 REPORT-OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U .S. ABR Y,,.193 0 The usual limits of draft for the principal classes of commodities and money values follow: Class of commodities Draft Tonnage Value Feet Per cent Per cent Wood and paper...------- ---------------------------------- 2-4 82 44 Naval stores-------..........------.... -------------------------------------- 2-4 15 42 The slight increase in tonnage was due to an increase in wood products and the decrease in value to the decrease in traffic of a higher value. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 _-_____- $8, 000 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------- 4, 200 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 --- _________-__ 12,200 Net total expenditures-- -------- ---- 12, 200 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--- -- -------------- 12,200 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work......................... .................................. Cost of maintenance.--...........------- -................................. .................. Total expended.......... ..............-------- .............------....................... ------------------------............ Allotted---...................................-------....-----------------....-----........ 11. SATILLA RIVER, GA. Location and description.-The river has its headwaters in south- ern and southeastern Georgia, flows in a generally southeasterly direction, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean through St. Andrews Sound. Its length is about 350 miles, of which the lower 67 miles is tidal. The drainage area is 3,000 square miles. That above Atkin- son, 93 miles from the mouth, is 2,200 square miles, the low-water flow at this place being 987 second-feet. The average surface slope on the lower 166 miles is 0.7 foot per mile. The width between banks on the nontidal portion varies from 60 to 250 feet, and the current is sluggish. The low-water stage is to be expected during the greater part of the period from July to November. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of Georgia.) Original condition.-The river was navigated by ocean-going vessels as far as Owens Ferry, 30 miles from the mouth, the con- trolling depth being from 11 to 13 feet at mean low water. It was used by river steamers to Burnt Fort, 52 miles from the mouth, the controlling depth being 6 feet. Rafting was carried on as far as Waycross, 166 miles from the mouth. The channels used by river and seagoing vessels were obstructed to a considerable extent by snags. On the upper river there were a large number of snags, logs, overhanging trees, besides cut-offs requiring 4fosure. Previous projects.--None. RIVERS AND HARBORS&---AVANNAH, GA., -DISTRIOT 735 Existing project.-This provides for the removal of snags and similar obstructions from the mouth to Burnt Fort, a distance of 52 miles, and the removal of obstructions and the closing of incipient cut-offs from Burnt Fort to Waycross, a distance of 114 miles. The mean tidal range is 6.9 feet at the mouth and 3.4 feet at Burnt Fort. The freshet variation at Waycross is about 12 feet. The original and latest approved estimate of cost, made in 1912, was $20,000, divided equally between the two portions of the river. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 25, 1912, provided for the improvement of the river from the mouth to Burnt Fort (H. Doc. No. 41, 62d Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of March 4, 1913, provided for the improve- ment of the river from Burnt Fort to Waycross (H. Doc. No. 1113, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map of the lower section is the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 450 and that of the second or upper section will be found in House Document No. 1113, Sixty-second Congress, third session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.--This improvement serves 10 main loading points at which small wharves of the open pile-and-timber type are built, varying from 50 to 400 feet in length, comprising a total of 1,800 feet of wharf frontage, and as far as known all are open to the public on equal terms. Numerous natural unimproved landings exist along the river. There are no municipal wharves and no mechanical unloading devices. All have highway, and two (the Seaboard Air Line Railway Co., at Woobine, and the Refuge Lumber Co., at Refuge) have railway connections. These facilities are considered sufficient for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made possible steamboat navigation to the Atlantic Coast Line bridge, 93 miles above the mouth and 37 miles above the upper limit of steamboat navigation before the improvement. The improvement has also made possible the rafting of timber at almost all stages of the river. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions during the fiscal year. The costs, all of which were for main- tenance, were $21.79 for surveys, inspections, and contingencies. The total expenditures were $20.83. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project was com- pleted in 1914, at a saving of $10,548 under the estimated cost. The controlling depths in June, 1930, as determined from reports of pilots using the river, are as follows: The mouth to Owens Ferry, 9 feet; Owens Ferry to Burnt Fort, 6 feet; for 100 miles above Burnt Fort, 3 feet; thence to Waycross, the head of navigation, about 1 foot. These depths are at ordinary summer low water, except from the mouth to Owens Ferry, where the depth refers to mean low water. The costs under the existing project have been $9,451.59 for new work and $17,670.20 for maintenance, a total of $27,121.79. The total expenditures were $27,120.83. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds on June 30, 1930 ($479.17), to inspections and contingencies. 11714--ENG 1930---47 73 Ep OE1qGINE REPORT OF CHIEF S . S ARMY, 1930 It is not expected that any funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Comm wrcial statistics.-Comparative statement of commerce for the last five years is as follows: Vessel traffic Floated logs Total Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925---_ _ --------------- 17, 291 $764, 500 2, 836 $59, 000 20, 127 $823, 500 150 1926 --------------- 37,198 1,082, 100 2, 500 17, 500 39, 698 1,099, 600 325 1927--.-.------------- -- 44,168 1, 578, 000 10,150 112, 000 54, 318 1, 690, 000 200 1928 ------------------ 36, 620 1, 043, 700 6, 157 86, 100 42, 777 1, 129, 800 150 1929- ----------------- 36, 575 886, 200 6, 275 83, 000 42, 850 969, 200 180 The usual limits of draft for loaded boats for the principal classes of commodities and money values follow: Class of commodities Draft Tonnage Value Per cent Per cent Wood products (coastwise). ---------------------------------------- 16-18 7 3 Wood products (internal) ------------------------------------------ 2-6 87 59 Naval stores........---------------------------------------------------- 4-6 5 17 The chief articles of commerce were wood products and naval stores. Regular trips were made by one towboat from points on this river to Brunswick and Jacksonville, carrying wood products and naval stores. The rafting of timber was carried on from points on this river to St. Marys, and ocean-going barges operated as far as Halifax, clearing coastwise over St. Andrews Sound. There was a slight increase in tonnage, due to an increase in wood products, and the decrease in value was caused by the decrease in upbound supplies, which are usually of a high value. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--- -- ----_-_ ---------- $9, 451. 59 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930___.________-__ -____ 17, 670. 20 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------__ - 27, 121.79 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930----------------------------- .96 Net total expenditures- _- -- -- - __- - -- 27, 120. 83 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_----------______ - 479. 17 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_..----------- - 27, 600. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work............... .. . ......i ..- i. . .... - ....... . Cost of maintenance-----------------------$1, 600. 29 $1, 107. 07 $1, 276. 62 $523. 38 $21.79 Total expended-------------------.. 1,600. 29 1, 107. 07 1, 276. 62 523. 38 20. 83 Allotted---- -- ---------------------------- 1, 800.00 ...... 2, 500.00 ...------------ -2, 000.00 RIVERS AND HABBOB--AVANNAH, GA., D STRICT 737 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------------- $2, 500. 00 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment------------------ 2, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------------ 500. 00 Gross amount expended------------------------------ -- 20. 83 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------------ 479. 17 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-------------- .96 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------------------------- 478. 21 12. ST. MARYS RIVER, GA. AND FLA. The existing project was completed in 1914, at a saving of $3,762 under the estimated cost. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, and no work is now proposed, as no dredging has been necessary since 1923, and it is not believed that any work will be necessary in the near future to care for existing traffic. For a full description of this project see page 683 of the Annual Report for 1929. Commercial statistics.-Comparative statement of commerce for the last five years is as follows: Vessel traffic Floated logs Total Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925-__.----- ----- ------- 41, 630 $867, 200 14, 890 $182, 900 56, 520 $1, 050, 100 1, 600 1926 ----- _-------- ---- 20, 715 848, 800 10, 000 75, 000 30, 715 923, 800 2, 700 1927 ------------------ 44, 078 2, 019, 700 9, 300 106, 000 53, 378 2, 125, 700 3, 660 1928 ...----..------- ------- 29, 573 1, 544, 200 7, 297 110, 900 36, 870 1, 655, 100 4, 000 1929------ ------------ 30, 463 1, 575, 200 7, 807 84, 300 38, 270 1, 659, 500 - The usual limits of draft for loaded boats for the principal classes of commodities and money values follows: Class of commodities Draft Tonnage Value Feet Per cent Per cent Wood products- --------- --------------- 2-5 75 27 Animals and animal products-- ---------------------------------- 2-12 17 25 Nonmetallic minerals __, __________________-__. . __-......... 3-5 5 4 The chief articles of commerce were wood products and sea- food. The increase in tonnage and value was due to an increase in wood products. Animals and animal products were handled over the lower 10 miles of the river. Cost and financial summnary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $15, 688. 36 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-- ------------------------- 39, 061.64 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 54, 750. 00 Net total expenditures------- -------- _ ---------------- 54, 750. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- 54, 750.00 738 P c'I m "OF'No iTNR i G . 8. AAtMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work ----- --- - --................-- -- Cost of maintenance n- -- -- -- $1, 76.82 _.......----- $53.90 $868.78 -$377.32"ep --- - Total expended---. ---.-.-...-...... 1,576. 82 53.90 868.78 377.32 Allotted ---------------------- .............. -------------------- -- 3, 000. 00 --------- ---- 13. FERNANDINA HARBOR, FLA. Location and description.-The harbor entrance is 221/ statute miles north of the entrance to Jacksonville Harbor, Fla., and 95 statute miles south of the entrance to Savannah Harbor, Ga. It consists of Amelia River and its connection with the ocean through Cumberland Sound and over Cumberland Sound bar. The harbor in Amelia River is separated from the ocean by Amelia Island, and is about 1,300 feet in width at the entrance and 2 miles in length. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1111.) Original condition.-The available depth at the entrance varied from 11 to 12.5 feet and in the inner harbor from 15 to 17 feet at mean low water. The point of crossing the bar was subject to great changes in location, moving in a series of years as much as 11/2 miles. Previous projet.-None. Existing project.-This provided originally for a 19-foot channel over the outer bar at mean low water by means of two jetties, sup- plemented by dredging. The jetties are constructed of stone, the north jetty being 19,000 feet long and the south jetty 11,000 feet long. As a result of the construction of the jetties, a channel 26 feet deep was obtained over the outer bar, and the project as it now exists is therefore to provide for the extension of this 26-foot channel to the south end of the Florida Terminal Co. development, 400 feet wide up to Calhoun Street, and 300 feet above that point. The length of the section included in the project is 7 miles. The mean tidal range on the bar is 5.9 feet and in the inner harbor 6 feet, with minor fluctua- tions due to wind and lunar effects. The estimated cost of new work, revised in 1925, was $3,196,400. The latest (1925) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $12,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for entrance jetties (Annual Report for 1879, p. 792); the act of July 13, 1892, provided for the 19-foot depth (Annual Reports for 1891, pp. 1565-1598; for 1896, p. 1289); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the improve- ment of the inner harbor (H. Doc. No. 388, 59th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the combination of the improve- ment of Fernandina Harbor and Cumberland Sound under the general heading of Fernandina Harbor; the act of March 3, 1925, provided for the 26-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 227, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). The last-mentioned document contains the latest published map. Recnommended modifications of project.-None. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANN AH, GA., DISTRICT 739 Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is a total of 7,430 linear feet of dock- ing space located along the 2 miles of water front. The Seaboard Air Line Railway owns 3,000 feet of the docking space and the Fernandina Terminal Corporation 1,400 feet. On the Fernandina Terminal Corporation's wharf 500 feet is used for handling phos- phate rock to an elevator and 900 feet for naval stores, general cargo, and export. The remainder of the wharves is owned by private in- dividuals or corporations. There are no municipal wharves. The only wharves open to the public on general terms are those of the Seaboard Air Line Railway Co. not leased to private individuals or corporations. Nearly all wharves are served by railway tracks and have highway and street connections. Many of the wharves have been allowed to deteriorate and those of the railway company and the Fernandina Terminal Corporation are the only ones suitable for ocean-going vessels. The present facilities are considered ample for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series, No. 8, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-This improvement has rendered safe and easy the use of the port of Fernandina at mean low water for vessels having a draft not exceeding the project depth. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions during the fiscal year. The costs, all of which were for main- tenance, were $420.53 for surveys, inspections, and contingencies. The total expenditures were $418.48. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1927, at a saving of $7,508 under the estimated cost. The construction of two stone jetties, supplemented by dredging on the outer bar, was completed in 1905, and the jetties are in good condi- tion. Most of the spur dikes are in good condition. The controlling depths at mean low water, as determined in June, 1930, are as follows: In the inner harbor, 25.5 feet; through the outer harbor on the Tiger Island range to just east of buoy No. 1, 29.1 feet; and from this point to the sea 31 feet can be obtained by passing east- ward and close to the lighted buoy at the end of the north jetty. The costs under the present project have been $3,188,892.15 for new work and $726,172.32 for maintenance, a total of $3,915,064.47. The total expenditures were $3,915,062.42. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds on June 30, 1930 ($437.58), to surveys and contingencies. The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($55,000), will be applied to main- tenance of the inner harbor, as follows: Dredging with U. S. dredge Gilmer, 23% months, or by contract, Af more advantageous----------------------------------------------- $47, 625 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies--------------------- 7, 375 Total------------- ---- ------------------------ 55, 000 This work will be necessary to provide for the needs of navigation. 740 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Comrercial staititics.-Comparative statement of commerce for the last five years is as follows: Vessel traffic Floated logs Total Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925-----------------__ 217, 593 $4,570,300 -------------------- 217,593 $4,570,300 1, 700 1926- ----- 334, 924 4,279,460 10, 000 $75, 000 344, 924 4,.354, 460 2,100 1927----------------- 308,684 8, 389, 300 12, 500 87, 500 321,184 8, 476, 800 2, 200 1928--..--....---.. -- .. 343, 322 10, 556, 800 6, 572 46, 000 349,894 10, 602, 800 2, 000 1929 326, 962 - .----------------- 8, 765, 300 3, 500 28, 000 330,462 8,793,300 ........... The usual limits of draft for loaded boats for the principal classes of commodities and money values follow: Class of commodities Draft Tonnage Value Feet Per cent Per cent .- Chemicals---- .---.---.---------- -------- __-----_-------- 24-28 61 18 Animals and animal products-----........---...--------------- -------------- 7-24 30 65 Nonmetallic minerals -------------------------------------------- 7-12 5 8 The principal classes of commerce were phosphate rock, sea food, nonmetallic minerals, and wood products. There was decrease in tonnage and value, due to a general decrease in practically all classes except sea food, which showed a considerable gain over the previous year. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930___ $3, 188, 892. 15 -- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--_________ _____ -__ 726, 172. 32 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 --------- 3, 915, 064. 47 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_ ________-______ ___-2. 05 Net total expenditures -- -3, ______- ____________- 915, 062. 42 .Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 __-- _______________________ . 437. 58 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------- ---- 3, 915, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work...------------------------- $46,454. 16........... Cost of maintenance------_ ----------- $64, 784. 04 152, 427. 63 $503. 77 $23. 64 $420. 53 Total cost....-...-.............. 64, 784. 04 198, 881. 79 503.77 23.64 420. 53 Total expended ... ................ 64, 784. 04 198, 881. 79 474. 64 52. 77 418. 48 Allotted.................................----------------------------.20, 000. 00 10,000.00.. ......... -3,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_____________--___------------- $3, 856. 06 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment_______- __-__- 3, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for--____-__ ___-_- -___ 856. 06 Gross amount expended __ _____-------- ------------------------ 418. 48 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------- 437. 58 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------------ 2. 05 Balance available June 30, 1930 ____--_ _ 435. 53 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1______ __________ ___________ 55, 000.00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 741 14. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and .surveys for navigation, called for by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial sta- tistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, and estimates, permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line studies; fish-net inspections; adminis- tration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $9,839.37; the expenditures were $9,921.74. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $9,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and fenancial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------------ $12, 894.29 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930_ ..... ___ __--___ _---- 1. 44 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930------------------------12, 895. 73 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 491.84 Net total expenditures__--------------------------- 12, 403. 89 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 --------------------------- 10, 596. 11 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_______________ 23, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-_ .-.----- .... Cost of maintenance-----__-----------------------. -...... $3, 054.92 $9, 839. 37 Total expended----------------------------------------------------2,482. 50 9, 921.74 Allotted...... ........ ..-------------------------.. ------------------------.. $500.00 12, 500.00 10,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 $10, 517. 85 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--- 0, 000.00 1-------------------------- Amount to be accounted for___________ ------------------- 20, 517. 85 - Gross amount expended__________---- --------------- 9, 921.74 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------10, 596. 11 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---------------------------- 493.67 Balance available June 30, 1930---------------------------- 10, 102.44 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 1. 44 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--------------- 10, 103. 88 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance __----- --------- 9, 000. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JULY 3, 1930 The local engineer was charged with the duty of making prelimi- nary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor 1 Exclusive of available funds. 742 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 act approved July 3, 1980, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Port Royal Harbor, Beaufort River, and adjacent waters in channel between the Marine Barracks, ParrisIsland, S. C., and the ocean. 2. Savannah Harbor, Ga., from and across the bar to the extreme western limits of said harbor, with a view to securing such increase in depth and width and such other improvements as may be found necessary, including an adequate turning basin in the upper stretches of said harbor. 3. Darien, Ga., with a view, of giving a channel or route to the sea either by Doboy Sound, Sapelo Sound, or Altamaha Sound, and Brunswic~ Harbor,and with the further view to improving Darien Harbor for light-draft shipping through the Altamaha River system and by the inland waterway. 4. Richardson Creek, Ga., and connecting streams, to and beyond the home of the National Order of Railroad Conductors on Oatland Island, for light-draft boats, and with a view to a connection with the intracoastal waterway. 5. Inland waterway at Thunderbolt, Ga., with a view to establish- ing an anchorage basin or harbor for small boats and for improving the same to meet the demands of present and 'prospective commerce, and also the river and sound connecting the nland walterway at or near Thunderbolt, Ga., with the river or sound adjacent to the Ogle- thorpe Hotel on Wilmington Island, Ga., with the view of establish- ing navigation for small boats to a point opposite and at said hotel. 6. Sapelo River, Ga., both the south and north prongs or channels, to the head of navigation thereon, and to a point at and beyond Baisdens Bluff on the south channel of said river, with the view of connecting up with the inland waterway. 7. South Newport River, Ga. 8. The Altamaha River system, on the Oomd gee River to Macon, Ga., and the Oconee River to Milledgeville, Ga., with the view to connecting said system with the inland waterway for barge and small- boat navigation. 9. The Ogeechee River, Ga., to a point opposite or near Midville, Ga., with a view to improving same for barges and small boats and to connect the same with the inland waterway on the coast of Georgia. 10. The Satilla River, Ga., to the Charlton County line, with the view of securing additional depth, width, and such other improve- ments as may be found advisable in the interest of navigation and commerce and to connect with the inland waterway. 11. Brunswick Harbor, Ga., to include Turtle River from Southern Docks to Crispin Island, with a view of securing such depth, width, and other improvements as may be found necessary or advisable in the interest of navigation and commerce, and with a view of con- solidating all projects related to or forming a part of said harbor. 12. Inland waterway from Savannah, Ga., to Brunswick, by way of Harris Neck Landing. 13. Savannah River at Augusta, Ga., with a view of extending the present revetment work to the top of the levee and prevent erosion interfering with the navigation of the improved channel. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 743 : The duty of making preliminary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor acts approved January 21, 1927, and July 3, 1930, of the following waterways were assigned to a special board of engineers, and report thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Waterway from Cumberland Sound, Ga. and Fla., to the Missis- sippi River. 2. Waterway connecting the Ocmidgee and Flit Rivers, Ga. 3. Waterway for barge traffic from the mouth of the St. Marys River on the Atlantic Ocean to connect with the proposed,Gulf inter- coastalaaterway by the most practicableroute. 4, Waterway for barge traffic across southern Georgia and northern Floridato connect the Atlantic IntracoastalWaterway with the pro- posed qulf IntracoastalWaterway by the most practicable route. REPORTS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, UNITED STATES SENATE By resolution dated May 20, 1929, a review of reports on the Savannah Harbor, Ga., printed in House Document No. 563, Sixty- second Congress, second session, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee November 2, 1929, and printed in Senate Document No. 39, Seventy-first Congress, first session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 26 feet deep and 300 feet wide from the Seaboard Air Line Railway bridge to the foot of Kings Island, at an estimated cost of $157,000, with no increase in estimated cost of maintenance over that now required. By resolution dated June 17, 1929, a review of reports on the cut between Baileys Cut of the Satilla River and Dover Creek, Ga., printed in House Document No. 834, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee November 25, 1929, and printed in Senate Document No. 43, Seventy-first Congress, second session. A plan of improve- ment is presented which provides for a channel 5 feet deep and 50 feet wide connecting Baileys Cut and Dover Creek, at .an estimated cost of $10,000, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolution dated June 12, 1929, a review of report on prelim- inary examination and survey of Back River, Ga., transmitted to Congress December 4, 1928, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee December 13, 1929, and printed in Senate Document No. 57, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 20 feet deep and 150 feet wide from St. Simon Sound to the mouth of Mill Creek, at an estimated cost of $30,000, with $4,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolution dated September 6, 1929,a review of reports on Bruswick Harbor, Ga., printed in House Document No. 393, Sixty- fourth Congress, first session, was requested. Report thereon, with maps, was transmitted to the committee April 9, 1930, and printed in Senate Document No. 132, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 30 feet deep and 500 feet wide over bar; a channel 27 feet deep and 400 feet wide at Brunswick Point; a 744 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 channel 27 feet deep and 350 feet wide in East River; a channel 27 feet deep and 300 feet wide in Turtle River; at a total estimated cost of $1,210,000, with a total of $150,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT This district includes the waterways and harbors of the State of Florida east of and including the Aucilla River, except Fernandina Harbor, St. Marys River, Ga. and Fla., and their tributaries, and the inland waterway between Cumberland Sound and St. Johns River; it also includes the watersheds of the Suwannee and Withla- coochee Rivers in the State of Georgia. District engineer: Lieut. Col. L. V. Frazier, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Lieut. Col. Mark Brooke, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. St. Johns River, Fla., Jack- 15. Orange River, Fla .. __ 797 sonville to the ocean __ 744 16. Charlotte Harbor, Fla ..... 798 2. St. Johns River, Fla., Jack- 17. Sarasota Bay, Fla ........ 802 sonville to Palatka ______ 752 18. Manatee River, Fla________ 805 3. St. Johns River, Fla., Pa- 19. Tampa Harbor, Fla_____ __ 807 latka to Lake Harney____ 755 20. Harbor at St. Petersburg, 4. Lake Crescent and Dunns Fla 816 Creek, Fla______________- 758 21. Channel from Clearwater 5. Oklawaha River, Fla ______ 760 Harbor through Boca 6. Operating and care of lock Ciega Bay to Tampa Bay, and dam in Oklawaha Fla-_ 820 River at Moss Bluff, Fla__ 765 22. Anclote River, Fla___ __ 823 7. Intracoastal waterway from 23. Crystal River, Fla________ 825 Jacksonville, Fla., to Mi- 24. Withlacoochee River, Fla___ 826 ami, Fla_ 766 25. Cedar Keys Harbor, Fla___ 829 8. St. Lucie Inlet, Fla_ 772 26. Suwannee River, Fla ______ 832 9. Hollywood Harbor (Port 27. Removing the water hya- Everglades), Fla_---___ 775 cinth from navigable wa- 10. Harbor at Miami (Biscayne ters in the State of Flor- Bay), Fla 776 ida-------------___- 835 11. Miami River, Fla __ 782 28. Examinations, surveys, and 12. Harbor at Key West, Fla___ 783 contingencies (general)___ 837 13. Kissimmee River, Fla..... 788 14. Caloosahatchee River and Lake Okeechobee drainage areas, Fla __. ...... - __ 790 1. ST. JOHNS RIVER, FLA., JACKSONVILLE TO THE OCEAN Location and description.-This river rises in the marshes of Bre- yard County, Fla., near the east coast, and flows northwestwardly to Jacksonville, thence eastwardly into the Atlantic Ocean, 122 miles south of Savannah River. Its total length is about 285 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 577.) It is tidal for the lower 135 miles, and in dry periods for 40 miles farther. The upper river has a gentle slope and moderate current. For the lower 120 miles to Lake George the width varies from about 1,000 feet to 3 miles. Above Lake George the average width is 200 to 300 feet, as far as Lake Harney. Above Lake Harney the river narrows. The , RIVERS AND HABBOa---AOnsOyNV LLBFA., DISTRICT 745 drainage area is about 8,160 square miles. The normal fresh-water discharge is from 1,500 to 7,225 cubic feet per second at Volusia Bar and from 4,200 to 8,300 cubic feet per second at Mayport, increasing to several times these figures during floods. Original condition.-The channel over the bar at the mouth was unstable and shifting, with available depths of from 5 to 7 feet at mean low water. From the mouth to Jacksonville (28 miles) limit- ing depth over shoal reaches was about 12 feet at mean low water. The limiting width of the channel on this section of the river was about 150 feet. A rock ledge lay between the deep-water channel and the pierhead line along' the most-used part of the water front of the city of Jacksonville, over which depths varying from 15 to 22 feet at low water were found. This rock ledge restricted the maneu- vering area and prevented access to the wharves by large vessels. The head of navigation for steamers at high stages was and is Lake Poinsett, 252 miles above the mouth, but small boats could at times go to Lake Washington, 276 miles above the mouth. At low water, navigation was hardly possible above Lake Harney, 198 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-The first project for permanent improvement, providing for the jetties and dredging between them was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. A second project provid- ing for a channel 24 feet deep from the ocean to Jacksonville was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, The amount expended on these projects was $3,994,363.08. In addition, the sum of $9,172.83, appropriated by the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852, was expended between 1852 and 1861 in preliminary surveys and investigations and efforts at improvement, and $60,000, appro- priated between 1870 and 1878, was expended in surveys and in tenta- tive and experimental dredging on the bar. The cost and expendi- tures on these projects were $4,063,535.91, of which $3,520,137.39, including $175,175.99 for construction of a seagoing dredge, was for new work, and $543,398.52 was for maintenance. For further details of previous projects, see page 1823 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep at local mean low water from the ocean to Jacksonville, following generally the line of the 24-foot channel secured under the previous project, the width to be 300 feet in the straight reaches, increasing to as much as 600 feet in the bends except at Dames Point, which is to be 1,200 feet, and through the jetties, with an anchorage basin opposite May- port (33/4 miles from the entrance), 800 feet in width beyond the channel limits, by jetty and mattress work at the entrance, dredging and rock excavation in the river, dredging between the jetties and on the bar, and stone training walls and shore protection in the river, with possibly a cut-off dam in Mill Cove Channel (121/2 miles from the entrance), and for removing rock and overlying material between the 24-foot curve and the pierhead line at Jacksonville from the Florida East Coast Railroad bridge to Hogans Creek, a distance of 6,080 feet, to a depth of 24 feet at mean low water. The project is subject to such modification in details as the Chief of Engineers may deem advisable. Two converging rubblestone jetties have been built at the entrance. The north jetty is 14,300 feet long and the south jetty is 11,183 feet long. The jetties are parallel and 1,600 feet apart for a distance of 4,022 feet from the sea ends. Stone training walls have been built at seven localities, involving about 7 miles of this class of structure. Stone revetments at five localities provide about 3.5 miles of shore protection. The training walls and revetments are located between Dames Point and Wards Bank, near the inner ends of the jetties. The length of section included in the project is 28 miles. The mean tidal range is 5.3 feet on the bar, 4.3 feet at Mayport, 2.2 feet at Dames Point (14 miles above the entrance), and 0.9' foot at Jack- sonville. The extreme range is 7.4 feet on the bar, 6.5 feet at May- port, 4 feet at Dames Point, and 2.8 feet at Jacksonville. Strong northeasterly winds raise the water level about 2 feet at Mayport and 2 feet at Jacksonville. Strong southwesterly winds lower the water about 11/2 feet at Mayport and 1 foot at Jacksonville. The estimate of cost for new work (revised in 1930), exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects, is $3,965,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $450,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the main channel (H. Doec. No. 611, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the harbor at Jacksonville (H. Dec. No. 663, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The river and harbor act of June 5, 1920, combined these two projects, and the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, provided for widening the bend at Dames Point (H. Doc. No. 483, 70th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map from Jacksonville to the ocean and of the harbor of Jacksonville is in the former document. The latest published map of the entrance is in Annual Report for 1919, page 2524. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required. Between 1892 and 1894 Duval County expended $303,206.25 in building training walls and shore protection and dredging between Dames Point and Mile Point to secure an 18-foot channel through this 10-mile stretch. This work was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. During the period 1904 to 1930, local interests report having ex- pended over $360,000 in dredging and maintaining Terminal Chan- nel, a fairway extending along the improved water front of Jackson- ville, west of the project channel, from the municipal docks to Com- modore Point, a distance of about 2 miles. On February 26, 1929, the trustees of the International Improve- ment Fund of the State of Florida executed a deed conveying to the United States, for purposes incident to navigation, land formed by dredging operations near the entrance and known as Wards Bank Training Wall, comprising 51.15 acres. The trustees also executed a deed on the same day conveying to the United States the strips of land on either side of and adjacent to the north jetty, comprising 449.5 acres. These deeds were formally accepted by the department on July 26. 1929. Terminal facilities.-These consist of 17 general freight wharves, having a total frontage of 20,861 feet, 16 of which have both railway and highway connections and 1 has highway connection only; of 56 piers for general freight and boat-yard purposes, having a total berthing space of 35,300 feet, 36 of which have both railway and highway connections and 20 have highway connection only. The Jacksonville municipal terminals at Talleyrand constructed and equipped at a cost of over $3,000,000 consist of three piers, earth RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 747 fill in steel sheet piling, with wooden aprons and three galvanized- iron warehouses over one of them and one over another, and all con- nected with large storage yard. They are well equipped with rail- way tracks connecting with all railways, a cotton compress, and mechanical freight-handling devices. The municipal piers have a total berthing space of 7,269 feet, with a depth of water of 18 to 30 feet. All terminals are open to the public except one oil company's bunker pier. Advantage would be gained by increasing the depth of water at piers and wharves and in the channels leading to the main ship channel and by the increase of freight-handling devices and by completing a belt line from Six Mile Creek to McCoy Creek, paralleling the water front. The facilities, with the exceptions noted, will be adequate for the needs of the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 8, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-This improvement has made possible the establishment of regular transportation facilities, resulting in the development of a large and growing water-borne commerce in coal, cement, nitrogenous and other fertilizer material, gasoline, oils-fuel and lubricant-lumber, naval stores, and other commodities. The improvements have enabled deeper-draft vessels to use the waterway, and this has resulted in the establishment of favorable water freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.--Maintenance dredging operations in progress with the U. S. pipe-line dredge Welatka at Wards Bank Cut at the beginning of the fiscal year continued until August 16, 1929. The material dredged, amounting to 750,554 cubic yards, was deposited in the sea on the north side of and adjacent to the north jetty. On September 16 the removal of an obstructive shoal at Mile Point Cut was begun. A total of 47,191 cubic yards was excavated at this locality, the work being completed on Septem- ber 23. From September 25 to October 9 the dredge Welatka was engaged on the new work involved in widening and deepening the Anchorage Basin opposite Mayport. On October 10 the dredge was withdrawn and transferred to the Washington (D. C.) district. The total material excavated by the dredge Welatka amounted to 903,087 cubic yards, of which 105,342 cubic yards was new work and pertained to the Mayport anchorage basin. The total cost of this work was $91,726.30 of which $14,409.85 was for new work at the Mayport anchorage basin. The U. S. hopper dredge Comstocck began maintenance work on bar cut between the jetties on November 25. The Comstock con- tinued work at the entrance until March 1, 1930, removing a total of 478,601 cubic yards (bin measurement). Of this total 320,839 cubic yards pertained to the south side of bar cut between the jetties and 157,762 cubic yards pertained to the north side of jetty cut. The total cost of this work was $56,587.09, all for maintenance. The dredge Barnard began dredging operations, involving new work in the Mayport anchorage basin on March 5, 1930, an con- tinued work at this locality until March 19, when it became neces- sary to assign the plant to the removal of an obstructive shoal in Fulton Cut. A total of 114,312 cubic yards was removed at the Mayport anchorage basin. From March 22 to April 22 and May 2 to May 22 the dredge Barnardwas engaged in maintenance dredginmg 748 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 operations in Fulton, Clapboard Creek, and St. Charles Cuts. The total excavation at these localities amounted to 445,900 cubic yards. From April 23 to April 30 and May 23 to June 14 the dredge Barnardwas engaged in the restoration of channel width at Browns Creek Cut, involving the removal of 454,255 cubic yards. Minor repairs were effected to the dredge and maintenance dredging oper- ations began on June 21 on Dames Point Cut, which were in progress at the close of the year, involving the removal of 13,890 cubic yards. The total excavation by the dredge Barnard amounted to 1,028,357 cubic yards, of which amount 114,312 cubic yards was new work. The total linear advance of the dredge amounted to 16,909 feet. The total cost of this work was $93,265.72, of which $14,757.92 was for new work at the Mayport anchorage basin. The United States pipe-line dredge Congareebegan dredging oper- ations at Wards Bank on November 7. This work continued until December 4, a total of 33,007 cubic yards of material being deposited on the easterly end of the training wall preparatory to placing rock revetment. The material was dredged from Ribault Bay. The total cost of this work was $14,216.54, all for maintenance. Work under contract began on January 20, 1930, at the easterly end of Wards Bank Training Wall, involving the provision of gran- ite riprap rock to protect this portion of the structure from serious erosion due to wave action. This work was completed on March 3, 1930, and involved the placing of 4,792.5 tons of 1-man granite, 2,473.9 tons being placed on the northerly side of the point, and 2,318.6 tons on the southerly side. A total of 825 linear feet of the training wall was effectively protected. The total cost of this work was $24,643.99, all for maintenance. Repairs, as required, were made to the various items of floating equipment pertaining to the project. The annual general survey of the entrance was completed in July, 1929, and begun again in June, 1930. During August, 1929, an ex- amination of the jetties was made to determine existing conditions. During this time current observations were made in the channel be- tween the jetties. On May 31, 1930, bids were opened for repairing the jetties, but contract for this work had not been entered into at the close of the year. Surveys were made in connection with dredg- ing operations as required. A general survey of the river between St. Johns Bluff and Clapboard Creek, including current observations, was made during July and August, 1929, for the purpose of securing information as to actual conditions at this locality with a view of considering the advisability of providing control works to reduce the amount of maintenance dredging found necessary. Two general examinations of the channel from Jacksonville to the sea were made. Field and office work was done in connection with the established harbor lines at Jacksonville. Reimbursement in the amount of $8,493.05 was made on December 19, 1929, for damages sustained to the dredge Welatka when the steamship Sidney M. Hauptman collided with the dredge April 18, 1929. The total excavation by all dredges amounted to 2,443,052 cubic yards, of which amount 219,654 cubic yards pertained to new work at the anchorage basin opposite Mayport. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 749 The total cost for the fiscal year amounted to $280,439.64, of which $29,167.77 was for new work and $251,271.87 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $368,806.54. Condition at end of flsca2 year.-The existing project is about 90.6 per cent completed. The Mayport anchorage basin is 72 per cent completed. The jetties and all training walls and revetments at present considered necessary have been virtually completed. De- terioration of the jetty crests has taken place due to wave action. Arrangements are being made to effect the repair of these structures. All training walls and revetments are in need of repair. The Wards Bank training wall has been completed and the easterly end revetted with granite riprap. All original dredging has been completed ex- cept that necessary to complete the deepening of the Mayport anchor- age basin from 27 to 30 feet and the widening and easing of the bends in the channel at Dames Point, Browns Creek, Clapboard Creek, and Fulton Cuts. Shoaling occurs constantly in the dredged channels, principally below Dames Point. Project depth of 30 feet at local mean low water was available for approximately eight months of the fiscal year. Night navigation over the improvement continues to increase. The project depth of 24 feet opposite the city of Jacksonville, between the Florida East Coast Railroad bridge and Hogans Creek, has been maintained. The material dredged from the north side of Wards Bank Cut and deposited adjacent to and on the north side of the north jetty in the vicinity of the Fort George Inlet encroachment has effectively pro- tected the structure. The total cost of the existing project has been $8,025,975.61, of which $3,530,353.98 was for new work and $4,495,621.63 was for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $8,790,462.82. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($960,780.72), will be applied to new work and maintenance as follows: New work: Transfer of amount due on Standard American Dredg- ing Co.'s contract--------------------------------------- $10, 000. 00 Maintenance: Operation and repair of U. S. dredge /Jarnard and attendant plant 12 months (July, 1930, to June, 1931), at $27,500 per month --------------------- -------------------- 330, 000. 00 Repair, by contract, of approximately 13,400 linear feet of the north and south jetties at the entrance, 45,000 tons of granite, at $6 per ton----- ---------------------------------- 270, 000. 00 Repair, by contract, of approximately 28,800 linear feet of train- ing walls and revetements between Dames Point and the en- trance, 54,000 tons of granite, at $4.65 per ton------------- 251, 100. 00 Operation, repair, and replacement of miscellaneous floating plant--------- -------- -------------------------- 45, 000. 00 Jacksonville office and Mayport office expenses, surveys and con- tingencies------- ----------------------------------- 54, 680. 72 Total for maintenance--------------------------- 950, 780. 72 Total for new work and maintenance-----------------960, 780. 72 It is expected that the available funds will be expended at a fairly uniform rate and will be exhausted on June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($525,000), will be applied to new work and maintenance as follows: 750 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 New work: Dredging either by contract or by hired labor, as is found more ad- vantageous, widening at Dames Point, authorized by river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 ---- ------------------- __ $95, 000 Supervision and contingencies -----------. _-.------------ 5, 000 Total for new work---------------------------- -------- 100, 000 Maintenance: Operation and repair of U. S. dredge Barnard and attendant plant 12 months (July, 1931, to June, 1932), at $27,500 per month_... 330, 000 Operation of hopper dredge in Jetty and Bar Cuts 2 months, when a dredge can be made available, at $18,000 per month ---------- 36, 000 Operation and repair of miscellaneous floating plant-------------25, 000 Jacksonville office and Mayport office expenses, surveys and contin- gencies------------- ---------- ------------------------ 34, 000 Total for maintenance .---------------------------------- 425, 000 Total for new work and maintenance---------------------- 525, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of automobiles, citrus fruits, construction equip- ment, and supplies, fertilizer and fertilizer ingredients, groceries, lumber, machinery, marine products, naval stores, paper, petroleum products, vegetables, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 4,490,182 short tons, valued at $782,202,039. Of this total, 638,181 short tons, valued at $38,576,307, was foreign com- merce; 1,790,029 short tons, valued at $127,617,600, was coastwise commerce; 70,311 short tons, valued at $2,781,228, was internal com- merce; 808,233 short tons, valued at $17,632,381, was local traffic; and 684,063 short tons, valued at $96,229,523, were cargoes in transit. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is an increase in total commerce of over 11 per cent due to increased receipts and "in transit " cargoes. The export trade decreased over 3 per cent, this decrease being offset by an increase of about 8 per cent in imports. The coastwise commerce increased about 3 per cent, the local traffic increased over 11 per cent, and the cargoes in transit increased about 39 per cent. The internal commerce between Mayport and Sanford decreased over 53 per cent due to an increased use of motor trucks for transportation of commerce formerly moving over the water- way. All of the commerce used the improved channel. About 80 per cent was carried in steamers, motor boats, sailboats,, and barges drawing from 14 to 30 feet. The balance was carried in motor boats and on barges towed by motor boats drawing from 3 to 12 feet. No lines of transportation were established and one line was abandoned during the"year. Comparative statement Vessel traffic Rafted Total Year Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925..----.--.--... 3, 157,356 $214, 536, 960 6, 666 $53, 328 3,164, 022 $214, 590,288 1926 3,314,33...........7 187, 846, 899 3,314,337 4,902 58, 824 3, 319, 239 187,906, 723 ---------------------- 3, 709,888 1927.......... 218, 789,032 3,864 46, 368 3,713, 752 245, 975610 1928...........................3, 134, 692 186, 189, 634 5, 000 165, 000 3, 139, 692 186354, 634 3, 306, 754 1929........................... 186, 607, 516 None.---......... 3, 306, 754 186, 607, 516 RIVERS AND HARBORS -JACKSONVILLE 3 FLA., DISTRICT 751 amparative statement--"Continued Co ADDITIONAL TRAFFIC Freight in transit General ferry traffic Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925---------------------------------- 285, 347 $54, 934,427 233, 276 $233, 275, 000 91,733 1926- -------------------------------- 362, 046 43,840, 078 241,954 241, 954,000 67,536 1927_ -------------------------- __---400,018 64,580, 771 495,112 495,112,000 56,754 1928_------------------_--------------491,323 73, 646, 562 446,709 446, 709,000 69,606 1929._----_------------_-----------_--- 684, 063 96, 229, 523 499, 365 499, 365, 000 49, 500 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------- ---------------- $7, 050, 491. 37 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------- -------- 5, 039, 020. 15 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------- 12, 089, 511. 52 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930----------- 774, 434. 36 Net total cost to June 30, 1930----------------- ----- 12, 863, 945.88 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 - - ---- ------------ 22, 121. 81 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 --------------- __ 12, 886, 067. 69 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_------------------------- 32, 068. 96 Net total expenditures-------------- -------------- 12, 853, 998. 73 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------- 960, 780. 72 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------- -13,814, 779.45 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------------------_ $67,417.73 $20,504.68 $53,029. 68 _$29,167.77 Cost of maintenance...------------------ 876,835.80 569,908.04 336,243. 75 $383,109.16 251, 271.87 Total cost.....-------------------- 944, 253. 53 1590, 412.72 389, 273.43 383,109. 16 280, 439. 64 Total expended.........----------------------- 944, 253. 53 1590, 412. 72 392, 804. 42 261, 641.32 368, 806. 54 Allotted....-.............-.... ...-.- 450,000.00 495, 044.83 295,213. 27 360, 000.00 777,000.00 1 Correction due to cost adjustment in 1928 pertaining to fiscal year 1927. Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_-------------------------- $552, 587. 26 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--- ----------------- $559, 000.00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930 -------------------------------------------- 270, 000.00 829, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for ---------------------- -- _ 1, 381, 587. 26 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-------------__ 52, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for ----------------------- 1, 329, 587. 26 Gross amount expended---.. ---------- --------- $369, 223.56 Less receipts from sales..... ------------------- 417.02 368, 806. 54 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------ 960, 780. 72 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------- 72,255.90 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts-.------ 10, 430. 00 82, 685. 90 Balance available June 30, 1930_---_ ----------------- 878, 094. 82 11714--ENG 1930---48 752 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930---------------------------- $22, 121.81 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930_ ..... __-___ 900, 216. 63 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of _ existing project _---_ ___ -- 455, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 100, 000. 00 - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - For maintenance 2 425, 000. 00 Total 2--------------------525, 000. 00 2. ST. JOHNS RIVER, FLA., JACKSONVILLE TO PALATKA Location and description.-For general description of the St. Johns River, see corresponding paragraph under "St. Johns River, Fla., Jacksonville to the ocean." The width of the river on this stretch varies from 1 to 3 miles to just below Palatka, where it nar- rows to one-half mile. Deep Creek rises in St. Johns County and flows in a northwesterly direction, emptying into the St. Johns River about 43 miles above Jacksonville, the total length being about 12 miles. The stream is crooked, with widths varying from 50 to 300 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 455b, 455c, and 455d for this section of the river, and U. S. Geological Survey sheet, Palatka Quadrangle, for upper end of Deep Creek.) Original condition.-Navigationbetween Jacksonville and Palatka was impeded by four shoals, namely, Tocoi Shoal (36 miles above Jacksonville), with a least depth of 11.1 feet at low water; Racy Point Shoal (41 miles), with a least depth of 9.3 feet; Orange Mills Flats (45 miles), with a least depth of 9.8 feet; and Foresters Point Shoal (51 miles), with a least depth of 11.6 feet. Elsewhere depths of 13 feet and over prevailed. The channel width was indeterminate over the broad flat shoals. In Deep Creek the depth over the bar at the mouth in the St. Johns River was about 6 feet, but inside the bar there were depths of 8 feet except at one short reach near Hastings Landing, which was the head of navigation. Navigation was diffi- cult on account of sharp bends near the landing. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 200 feet wide and 13 feet deep at local mean low water from Jacksonville to Palatka, 55 miles, to be secured by dredging through four shoals and dredging a channel 100 feet wide and 8 feet deep at local mean low water across the bar at the mouth of Deep Creek and thence 50 feet wide across the points and dredging through the shoal at Hastings Landing, 5 miles above the mouth. Jacksonville is 28 miles above the entrance to the ri.ver. The mean range of tide is 0.9 foot at Jacksonville and 0.9 foot at Palatka. The extreme range of tide is about 2.8 feet at Jacksonville and about 1.7 feet at Palatka. Strong northeasterly winds raise the water level about 2 feet at Jacksonville and about 1 foot at Palatka. Strong southwesterly winds lower the water level about 1 foot. River floods, usually occurring in the fall, raise the water level at Jacksonville about 1 foot and at Palatka about 2 feet. Deep Creek 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS -JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 753 is very sluggish, currents being due more to the winds and tide than to any difference in the elevation between the creek at its mouth and that at Hastings Landing. Floods during the fall months raise the water level about 2 feet. The water stages in the creek are influenced by the stages in the St. Johns River. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1920, is $219,000. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $11,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bors acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for all except the Deep Creek improvement under the title of " Orange Mills Flats" (H. Doc. No. 523, 55th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1898, p. 1343); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the improvement of Deep Creek (H. Doc. No. 699, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in the Annual Report for 1900, page 1976, and House Document No. 699, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.- None. Local cooperation.---The river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919, requires that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands required for the purpose of the improvement of Deep Creek: The necessary easements have been furnished. Terminal facilities.-There are small wooden landings at all points above Jacksonville, which are used by river steamers and launches for handling local freight and passengers. They have no connection with railways, except in the case of one lumber pier and a municipal pier about 350 feet long at Palatka. They are ample for the needs of present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement enables lumber schoon- ers to reach Palatka, where they load with cypress and pine direct for northern ports. The cost of transshipment to Jacksonville is thus saved. The existence of the natural waterway and the improve- ments, by permitting deeper-draft vessels, have given favorable water freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The amount expended, $18.44, was for payment of outstanding liabilities. Conditionat end of fiscal year.-The existing project was, completed during the calendar year 1915, except for work in Deep Creek, which is about 50 per cent completed. The entire project is 94 per cent completed. The controlling depth at mean low water in the river is 13 feet and 6.5 feet at the entrance to Deep Creek. Two sharp bends in Deep Creek near Hastings Landing and five others, less sharp, downstream interfere with navigation. The work remaining to be done is the completion of two cut-offs and easing of five bends in Deep Creek. The total cost of the existing project has been $322- 026.93, of which $205,698.47 was for new work and $116,328.46 was for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $322,026.93. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($413.07), will be applied to maintenance involved in miscellaneous expenses, surveys, and supervision of the project. It is expected the funds will be expended at intervals as required and will be exhausted on June 30, 1931. No funds can be profitably expended for new work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for the reason that the project has 754 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 been completed except for the work in Deep Creek, which is not considered necessary at this time. Commercial statstice.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mostly of automobiles, citrus fruits, groceries, logs, lumber, naval stores, petroleum products, shell, sugar, and general merchan- dise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 291,729 short tons, valued at $15,907,464. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is an increase in total commerce of nearly 90 per cent, due to greatly increased down-bound shipments of shell and increased up- bound shipments of fuel oil. About 97 per cent of the commerce used the improved channel and was carried in motor boats, sail- boats, and barges drawing from 3 to 11 feet. The sailing vessels carrying lumber from Palatka could not all load to capacity at that point due to insufficient channel depth and were obliged to barge the balance of their cargo from Palatka and complete loading opposite Jacksonville. The balance of the commerce was in rafts towed by motor boats drawing from 2 to 4 feet. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year, Comparative statement Vessel traffic Rafted Total Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925--.........--- ......------.----.... 82, 221 $7, 467, 517 34, 427 $333, 716 116, 648 $7, 801,233 27, 567 1926--.................--------------... 94,989 9,763, 883 52, 386 464, 976 147, 375 10, 228, 859 16, 859 1927 . ......---------------- 109, 878 7, 409, 225 37, 906 339, 272 147, 784 7,748,497 18, 609 1928-...---------------132, 629 12, 149, 693 21,056 192, 448 153, 685 12, 342, 141 4, 335 1929..-....--------------.......... 285, 367 15, 831, 120 6, 362 76, 344 291,729 15, 907, 464 None. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------ $205, 698. 47 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------- 116, 328. 46 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 322, 026. 93 Net total expenditures--- ---------------------------------- 322, 026.93 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------- 413. 07 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ---- -- _ 322, 440. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.... Cost of maintenance------------...............--........ $17. 88 $934. 01 $17, 508. 12 $24, 586. 93 ------------ Total expended-.---.----------------------17. 88 1934. 01 17, 803. 45 24, 568. 49 $18.44 Allotted---------------....................... ........--------...-----------...--------............ --- ---------- 25,000.00 'Corrected on account of cost adjustment in 1928 pertaining to previous fiscal year. Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_____-------------------_-______ $431.51 Gross amount expended------------- ------------ ---- 18. 44 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------- _-------------- 413.07 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ' - ------- ----- ------------- 13, 300. 00 SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS---JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 755 8. ST JOHNS RIVER, FLA., PALATKA TO LAKE HARNEY Location and description.--Forgeneral description of the St. Johns River see corresponding paragraph under "St. Johns River, Fla., Jacksonville to the ocean." At Palatka the river is about three- fourths of a mile wide. From Palatka to Lake Monroe (89 miles) the width varies from 130 feet to 2,500 feet. Between Lake Monroe and Lake Harney the river is from 150 to 600 feet wide, averaging about 200 feet. In this stretch the river passes through six lakes, the largest of which, Lake Monroe and Lake George, are 41/2 miles long by 3 miles wide and 12 miles long by 6 miles wide, respec- tively. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 455d, 508, 509, and 458.) Original condition.-The limiting depth below Sanford was at Volusia bar, at the head of Lake George, where a shifting channel afforded depths of from 3.5 to 4.5 feet at low water. There were a number of other shoals between Palatka and Sanford with depths of from 5 to 8 feet over them and many sharp bends which made navi- gation difficult. Between Sanford and Lake Harney the limiting depth was 3 feet at several localities. The limiting channel width was 35 to 40 feet. Previous projects.-The first project for any part of this stretch was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, under the title of Volusia bar. A second project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884, under the title of Upper St. Johns River. The two projects were combined by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The cost and expenditures were $55,404.26, of which $29,566.26 was for new work and $25,838 was for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1824 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from Palatka to Sanford (90 miles) and 5 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from Sanford to Lake Harney (25 miles). This project is an enlargement and exten- sion of previous projects and embraces two mattress and stone jetties and two lines of guide piles at Volusia bar, at the head of Lake George, built under previous projects, and dredging and making cut- offs and easing bends in the river. The length of the section included in the project is 115 miles, and its lower end is 83 miles above the entrance to the river. The mean tidal range is 0.9 foot, and the extreme tidal range is about 1.7 feet at Palatka. At low-water stages tidal effect is perceptible in Lake George, 40 miles above Palatka. Strong northerly and northeasterly winds raise the water level at Palatka about 1 foot, and strong southerly and southwesterly winds lower it about the same amount under ordinary conditions. The flood stages in the river usually occur during the fall months and are about 2 feet above ordinary low-water level at Palatka, 3 feet at Lake George, 5 feet at Sanford, and 6.5 feet at Lake Harney. The esti- mate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, is $215,600. The latest (1920) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. (H. Doc. No. 1111, 60th Cong., 2d sess) ; and modified by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, to include cut-offs at 756 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Butcher Bend, Snake Creek, and Starks, and easing bends at other points (H. Doe. No. 691, 69th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in the project documents. Recomoendea modiflcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, in providing for cut-offs at Butcher Bend, Snake Creek, and Starks, provides that local interests shall furnish, free of cost to the United States, all necessary land and shall provide suitable spoil-disposal areas. These conditions have not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-These consist of five general freight and pas- senger piers, having a total frontage of about 500 feet, including a municipal concrete recreation pier with boat basin adjoining, at San- ford, all of which have highway connections, and one pier at Palatka has rail connections. The facilities are adequate for the commerce on the. river and are open to the public. No arrangement for pro- rating charges between railway and steamers exist. The piers are mere landings for river steamers and are not strictly terminals. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made navigation in this stretch much easier, more certain, and expeditious, and has en- abled larger boats, with greater carrying capacity, to be used between Jacksonville and Sanford. The existence of the water route to San- ford has been a factor in the development of the country. The im- provement above Sanford has had but little effect. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 73 per cent completed. The section from Sanford to Lake Harney was completed in the calendar year 1912, but shoaling has occurred over short distances and the controlling depth of 2.6 feet at mean low water is in the cut just below the drawbridge at Lake Jessup. The section between Palatka and Sanford was partially completed in June, 1923. The controlling depth at mean low water for this section of the improvement is 7.2 feet in Little Lake George cut. The guide piles at Volusia bar are in a deteriorated condition and arrangements are in progress to rebuild these structures. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists in making three cut-offs and easing a number of bends as authorized by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930. The total cost of the existing project has been $266,729.45, of which $152,579.32 was for new work and $114,150.13 was for maintenance. The total expendi- ture has been $266,729.45. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($15,000), will be applied to maintenance in reconstructing by con- tract the guide piling at Volusia bar. It is expected that the work will be done during October and November, 1930, and that all funds will be exhausted on June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($27,000), will be applied to maintenance dredg- ing with the U. S. Dredge Congaree, involving the removal of obstructive shoals located principally above Volusia bar. This amount is greater than the average for the preceding five years, because better maintenance is contemplated. The tonnage transported over the improvement is steadily increasing. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 757 The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of automobiles, citrus fruits, fuel oil, groceries, logs, lumber, naval stores, shell, sugar, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 269,608 short tons, valued at $13,495,730. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is an increase in total tonnage of over 91 per cent, due entirely to greatly increased down-bound shipments of shell and increased up- bound shipments of fuel oil. About 9 per cent of the commerce was carried in motor boats drawing from 2 to 7 feet. The balance of the commerce (excluding the rafted logs, which constituted less than 2 per cent of the total) was carried on barges towed by motor boats drawing from 11/2 to 7 feet. No lines of transportation were estab- lished or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Vessel traffic Rafted Total Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925_----- 46, 619 $5, 879, 894 57, 620 $645, 112 !04, 239 $6, 525, 006 13, 432 1926 ------------------ 67, 074 5, 584,574 61,186 689, 436 128, 260 6, 274, 010 12, 187 1927 -- 84, 032 5, 578, 710. 48, 020 459,172 132,052 6, 037, 882 7, 964 1928 ...------ .---- 97, 692 6, 005, 658 43, 105 379, 324 140, 797 6,384, 982 4, 229 1929---- ------------- 265, 628 13, 447, 970 3, 980 47, 760 269, 608 13, 495, 730 None. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $182, 145. 58 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------- 139, 988. 13 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------322, 133. 71 Net total expenditures--- -------------------------------- 322, 133. 71 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 5, 000. 00 1-------------------------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------337, 133. 71 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work Cost of maintenance. --------------------- $547. 83 $9,424. 13 $20, 154. 79 - Total expendeJ_- ______________________ 547. 83 9,424.13 20,776. 28 - __ Allotted_------------ ------------- - 8,000.00 11,000.00 ------------ $------ - $15, 000 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------ ----------------------- ----- $15, 000 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------------- 15, 000 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion .of existing project ----------------------------------------------- 63, 000 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance ' - - - - - - - - -- -- - -- - -- - - - - - 27, 000 1 Exclusive of available funds. 758 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 4. LAKE CRESCENT AND DUNNS CREEK, FLA. Location and description.-Lake Crescent lies in the northeastern part of the peninsula of Florida. Dunns Creek, the outlet of the lake, leaves the lake at its northern end and flows in a northwesterly direction, emptying into the St. Johns River 71/2 miles above Palatka. Lake Crescent is 14 miles long and from 1 to 3 miles wide. Dunns Creek is about 81/ miles long and from 150 to 600 feet wide. Tidal influence is perceptible in the creek. The fall is small and the cur- rent is slight. The drainage area of the lake and creek is about 350 square miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 508.) Originalcondition.-A natural depth of 12 feet or over was found in Dunns Creek and in the lake, except over a broad shoal at its northern end, over which the limiting depth was 6 feet. Navigation on the creek was impeded by two excessively sharp bends. The limit- ing width of channel was about 100 feet. The head of navigation may be taken as being on Haw Creek; a tributary of Lake Crescent, about 27 miles from the mouth of Dunns Creek. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 8 feet deep at .mean low water from the St. Johns River to Crescent City, including three cut-offs in Dunns Creek by dredging. The length of the waterway included in the project is 151/4 miles. The mean tidal influence is barely perceptible at the head of Dunns Creek and in Lake Crescent. The mean range of tide at the mouth of Dunns Creek, at St. Johns River, it about 0.7 foot. The extreme tidal range is about 0.5 foot at the head of Dunns Creek and about 1.5 feet at the mouth. Strong northerly winds raise the water level at the mouth of Dunns Creek about 1.3 feet, and strong southerly winds lower it about the same amount. The wind has no appreci- able effect on the water level at the head of Dunns Creek and in Lake Crescent. Floods, which frequently occur during the fall months, raise the water level about 2 feet. The estimated cost, revised in 1925, is $64,000 for new work. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 1320, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, adopting the project imposes the condition that no part of the money appropriated for the work shall be expended for the purchase of the right of way. Local interests have made efforts to secured the right of way necessary for the cut-offs, with a view to deeding them to the United States without charge, but no report of the successful termination of the negotiations has as yet been received. Terminal facilities.-These consist of two wharves at Crescent City with berth space of 175 feet. There are good highways but no railroad connections. They are open to public use and are con- sidered adequate for the present commerce. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE FLA., DISTRICT 759 Effect of improvement.-The work done has enabled freight boats trading between Crescent City, Palatka, and Jacksonville to load to full capacity, thus permitting an increase of tonnage. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 16 per cent completed. A'channel of the full depth and width contemplated by the project has been secured, but the proposed cut-offs have not yet been made. The controlling depth at the entrance to Lake Crescent is 6.9 feet at mean low water. To complete the project three cut-offs must be made in the creek. Local interests must provide the necessary rights of way. The total cost of the existing project has been $16,000, of which $10,276.25 was for new work and $5,723.75 was for mainte- nance. The total expenditures were $16,000. Proposed operctions.-No funds are available. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as the channel dimensions now existing will serve the needs of navigation until the proposed cut-offs have been made. Work on these cut-offs can not be undertaken until conditions of local cooperation, requiring the furnishing of the right of way, have been complied with. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of logs and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 1,038 short tons, valued at $17,700. As compared with that of the preceding year, there is a decrease in total commerce of over 62 per cent, due to reduced shipments of logs to Palatka and the virtual abandonment of the waterway for the transportation of gen- eral freight. The commerce in logs decreased 60 per cent and the general freight commerce decreased over 92 per cent during the year. Of the total commerce reported, about 96 per cent was in logs towed by motor boats drawing from 2 to 3 feet. The balance of the com- merce was carried in motor boats drawing from 3 to 31/2 feet. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Vessel traffic Rafted Total Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925-......------...... .....-----------7, 136 $888, 692 5,100 $61, 200 12, 236 $949, 892 None. 1926 ------------------- 6, 821 990, 070 4, 958 59, 064 11,799 1, 049, 134 171 1927 ------------------- 6, 062 677, 782 4, 670 56, 040 10, 732 733, 822 193 1928- ---------... ------ 495 74, 250 2,500 30,000 2, 995 104, 250 163 1929. --.--------------- 38 5, 700 1, 000 12, 000 1, 038 17, 700 141 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $10, 276. 25 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1'930--------------------------- 5, 723. 75 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ----------- 16, 000. 00 Net total expenditures-------- --------------------------- 16, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 .------------ ___ 16, 000. 00 760 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------ ------------------------------------------------ Cost ofmaintenance-..-- .-------------------- ---- --------------- ------ Total expended... -------------------------------------------------------- Allotted----- ... .....----------------... --- --------------- ----------------------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of ex- isting project--------------------------- -------------------- $53, 800 5. OKLAWAHA RIVER, FLA. Location an description.-This river has its source in the system of large lakes in the central part of the peninsula of Florida and flows in a' general northerly direction, then eastwardly, emptying into the St. Johns River 22 miles above Palatka. The extreme head of the system may be taken as Lake Apopka, 120 miles above the mouth of the river. The width is from 50 to 200 feet in the lower portion and 20 to 75 feet above Silver Springs Run, a large tributary which enters 53 miles above the mouth. The stream has a fall of about 0.7 foot per mile and a moderately rapid current. The drain- age area is about 2,400 square miles. The discharge is about 800 second-feet at ordinary stages below Silver Springs Run, about twice this amount at the mouth, and 125 second-feet at low water above Silver Springs Run. Low stages occur from March to September. Originl condition.-The stream was obstructed by logs, snags, overhanging trees, and accumulations of drift and aquatic vegeta- tion, and navigation was impeded by narrow places and sharp bends. The controlling depth was 3.5 to 4 feet from the mouth to Silver Springs Run and about 2 feet to Lake Griffin. The channel width varied from 22 to 175 feet. Leesburg, at the head of Lake Griffin, 87 miles above the mouth, was generally regarded as the head of navi- gation, but light-draft steamboats and launches could pass through the lakes and connecting creeks and canals to Lake Apopka, 120 miles above the mouth.. Previous projects.-The first provision for improvement of the river was made by an act of Congress approved February 24, 1835. -Theamount expended prior to theexisting project was $3,911.95, all of which was for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1825 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for deepening the channel to 6 feet at mean low water from the mouth to the head of Silver Springs Run, a distance of 58 miles; for clearing the channel of obstructions from Silver Springs Run to Lake Griffin, including the Kyle and Young Canal and its extension to Morrisons Landing and the J. D. Young Canal from Morrisons Landing to Starkes Ferry (clear title to the canals and sufficient land adjacent thereto to provide for future widening has been conveyed to the United States), with a view to obtaining a navigable depth of about 4 feet to Leesburg, 87 miles above the mouth. The work embraces dredging, snagging, cut-offs at sharp bends, removal of overhanging trees and obstructive aquatic vegetation, and the construction of a lock and dam at Moss Bluff to retain the water level in Lake Griffin. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 761 Loolo and dam at Moss Bluff Distance to nearest town: 20 miles by canals. Name of nearest town: Leesburg, Fla. Distance above mouth of river: 66.3 miles, by canals. Distance above mouth of Silver Springs Run: 13.7 miles. Width of lock chamber: 30 feet. Greatest available length for full width: 125 feet. Lift above low water: 11.5 feet. Depth on upper miter sill at normal pool level: 7 feet. Depth on lower miter sill at low water: 7 feet. Character of foundation: Piles in sand and clay. Character of construction: Concrete with timber gates. Kind of dam: Movable. Type of dam: Needle. Completed in 1925. Estimated cost: $161,000. The river is nontidal except for a short distance above the mouth at the St. Johns River, where a mean range at low-water stage of about 0.5 foot is found. The mean fluctuation due to rainfall is about 2 feet at the mouth, about 3 feet at the mouth of Silver Springs Run, and about 21/2 feet at Lake Griffin. The extreme fluctuation is about 3 feet at the mouth, 5 feet at Silver Springs Run, and about 4 feet at Lake Griffin. The estimated cost of the work proposed, revised in 1929, is $351,000, exclusive of amount expended on pre- vious projects. The latest (1929) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $15,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September" 19, 1890 (Annual Report for 1889, pp. 1360-1368). It was modified by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 782, 59th Cong., 1st sess.), and was extended by the river and harbor acts of June 25, 1910, and July 25, 1912, to include mainte- nance of the levels of the lakes at the head of the river. By the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, provision was made for the acceptance of certain artificial waterways and extensions thereof between Heather Island (5.6 miles above the mouth of Silver Springs Run) and Lake Griffin as part of the watercourse in lieu of portions of the natural bed of the river. The latest published maps will be found in House Document No. 514, Sixty-third Congress, second session, and Annual Report for 1891, page 1626. Recomvended modificctions of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None is required by the appropriation acts. The city of Leesburg has dug a canal 2,500 feet long, 100 feet wide, and 5 feet deep from Lake Griffin to a point within easy reach of the business portion of the city, and a similar canal 2,200 feet long, 100 feet wide, and 6 feet deep from Lake Harris, with the object of enabling boats to land near the mercantile and shipping section. Lake Dora has been connected with Lake Eustis by a canal 11/4 miles long, 25 feet wide, and 3 feet deep, dug by private enterprise at a cost of about $15,000. A similar canal 6.5 miles long connects Lake Dora with Lake Apopka. These canals enable small boats to reach Lake Apopka. In 1911 the owners of a basin of muck land along the river between Heather Island (58.2 miles above the mouth) and Moss Bluff (66.3 miles above the mouth) dug a canal 4.2 miles long and about 6 feet deep and 26 feet wide near the higher land on the east side of the basin and diverted the river into the new channel, 762 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 cutting off about 61/2 miles of the old river. This canal was later extended southward a distance of 1.3 miles. The work was done with the object of facilitating drainage of the basin, but incidentally it has proved, on the whole, of benefit to navigation. This canal has been legalized and accepted as a public waterway, under certain conditions, by the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916. A lateral canal from Starkes Ferry to Moss Bluff is completed and the Okla- waha River diverted thereto, providing a navigable channel of 26 feet width and 3 feet depth. The canal has been dug for reclamation of land, but is a benefit to navigation. Terminal facilities.-There are numerous landings along this river, more or less out of repair, privately owned; no charges for wharfage. One wharf at Leesburg has railway connection. The facilities are adequate for the small commerce. Effect of inprovement.--The improvement has facilitated the navi- gation of the river as far as Silver Springs and has shortened the time required for the trip. Navigation facilities between Moss Bluff and Leesburg have been improved. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging under con- tract in progress at the beginning of the fiscal year, involving 'the deepening and widening of the canal between the Moss Bluff Lock and Starkes Ferry, was completed on June 4, 1930. This work has provided a depth of 8 feet for a bottom width of 50 feet through this reach of the canal, effecting a means for the control of Lake Griffin. The material dredged from the canal was deposited on the adjacent dike on the east side to further strengthen the structure. The total length of the dike along this reach of the improvement is about 7.2 miles. The total excavation during the year amounted to 171,995 cubic yards. The total cost of this dredging was $50,408.33, new work. Dredging under contract between the Moss Bluff Lock and Silver Springs Run, suspended on December 8, 1927, was resumed under another contract on July 19, 1929. This work was completed on November 12, 1929, and involved the removal of 45,561 cubic yards of material between Heather Island and Silver Springs Run. The total cost of this dredging was $20,610.81, new work. Work under contract in progress at the beginning of the fiscal yearinvolving the construction of a wooden bulkhead 226 feet long to protect the reservation below the Moss Bluff Lock from erosion, was completed on August 14, 1929. The total cost was $2,073.41, new work. The partial grading of the reservation was accomplished under contract. The work began October 7, 1929, and was completed December 7, 1929. A total of 7,225 square yards of the reservation on the west side of the canal was worked over to remove unsightly mounds. The total cost was $1,836.52, new work. Snagging operations were carried on by U. S. derrick boat D-1 from August 27, 1929, to January 24, 1930, the work extending from the mouth of Silver Springs Run to the mouth of the river, a dis- tance of about 52.6 miles. A total of 5,373 obstructions to naviga- tion, consisting of logs, stumps, snags, and overhanging trees were removed. Between November 1, 1929, and January 24, 1930, a total of 7,870 cubic yards of sand was removed from shoals in connection with snagging operations. The shoals were located at Gores Creek, Durisoe Landing, Palmetto Landing, Stuart Creek, Gores Landing, RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 763 Rogers Cut, Osceolas Last Battlefield, Eureka Landing, and Iola Landing. The cost of this work was $11,326.57, all for maintenance. The cost of dike repairs between Moss Bluff Lock and Starkes Ferry, under contract during the latter part of the previous fiscal year, was $105 for maintenance. The total cost for the fiscal year was $86,360.64, of which $74,929.07 was for new work and $11,431.57 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $89,444.11. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 88.2 per cent completed. By dredging, making cut-offs, and snagging a channel has been obtained with a depth of about 5 feet at ordinary stages from St. Johns River to Silver Springs Run, 52.6 miles above the mouth. Full project width has not been obtained throughout this section and several sharp bends require easing. The work of dredging a channel 4. feet deep at low-water stages and of 30 feet bottom width between Silver Springs Run and the lock at Moss Bluff has been completed. A large portion of the dredging of the canal from Silver Springs Run to Starkes Ferry has been done by private interests. The widening and deepening of the canal from the Moss Bluff Lock to Starkes Ferry to provide for the control of Lake Griffin has been completed. Some shoaling has taken place in the canal below the Moss Bluff Lock, due to the breaking of Young's dam on September 14, 1929. The waterway is reasonably free from overhanging trees, snags, and obstructions. The controlling depths at ordinary low stages are 5 feet from the mouth of the river to Silver Springs Run and 4 feet thence to Lake Griffin. The total cost of the existing project has been $507,289.08, of which $309,589.98 was for new work and $197,699.10 was for maintenance. The total ex- penditure has been $503,178.22. Proposed operations. The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($22,- 931.78) will be applied to new work and maintenance as follows: New work : Final payment for dredging completed under contract in canal above Moss Bluff----------------------- -------- ------ $4, 567.93 Maintenance: Strengthening, by contract, weak places in approximately 5,400 linear feet of the dike between the Moss Bluff Lock and Starkes Ferry, 25,000 cubic yards at 55 cents, including all costs------- 13, 750. 00 Miscellaneous snagging, surveys, and office expenses------------- 4, 613.85 Total for maintenance _- _------------------------ 18, 363.85 Total for new work and maintenance_------------------- 22, 931. 78 It is expected that the dike repairs will be commenced about Sep- tember 1, 1930, and that snagging operations will be conducted as required. All available funds will be exhausted on June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($13,500) will be applied to maintenance, as follows : Operation of U. S. derrick boat D-1, or other plant, involving dredging and snagging throughout the waterway, as required, 4/2 months, at $1,600 per month ..----------------------------------------- $7,200 Repairs to dike above Moss Bluff as required------- ------- - 4, 500 Office expenses and contingencies ---- ----------------- - 1, 800 Total for maintenance-___ ---- --- _.-- --- --- 13, 500 764 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 No funds can be profitably expended for new work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for the reason that the completion of the project is not considered essential in view of the relatively small amount of commerce using the waterway. Commercial statistics.--The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of citrus fruits, groceries, logs, lubricating oil, naval stores, sugar, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 12,826 short tons, valued at $1,967,242. As com- pared with that of the preceding year, this is a decrease in total tonnage of over 54 per cent due entirely to decreased shipments of logs. Of the total tonnage, 1,500 short tons, valued at $18,000, was logs, and 11,326 short tons, valued at $1,949,242, was general freight over the river. There was no commerce across the upper lakes dur- ing the year. All of the traffic used the river channel. The general freight was carried in motor boats drawing from 4 to 5 feet and the floated logs were towed by motor boats drawing from 11/2 to 3 feet. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Vessel traffic Rafted Traffic across Total Year Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925_ .........-. 7------"-------12,210 $146, 520 2,024 $558, 450 14, 234 $704, 970 1,020 ........-- 1,795 1926---- $269,250 21,633 213, 904--------- -23,428 483, 154 733 1927 ............ 2, 615 473,116 33,147 280, 696 - --- .-... 35,762 753,812 510 1928- ----.--. -6, 058 560,417 20, 258 236, 664 1, 861 393, 780 28,177 1, 190, 861 1 500 1929 _-----------11, 326 1, 949,242 1, 500 18, 000 ----------.... 12, 826 1, 967, 242 1500 1 Estimated. Cost and ftnanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------------- $313, 501.93 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 10 1----------------97,699. Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 511, 201.03 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------------- 574. 45 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930----------------------- 511, 775. 48 -Minus aecounts payable June 30, 1930 =-_- --. . - 4, 685.31 Net total expenditures--------------------------------507, 090. 17 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------- 22, 931. 78 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------530, 021.95 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work----------........------.. $11, 880. 54 $9, 472. 41 $6, 567.41 $2, 090. 20 $74, 929.07 Cost of maintenance_----------------- 5, 801. 88 13, 899. 85 19, 221. 99 53, 750. 35 11, 431. 57 Total cost.........__ __ . .___________ 17, 682.42 23, 372. 26 25, 789. 40 55, 840. 55 86, 360. 64 Total expended---___.-.----.--.-------.-_ . 17, 682.42 23, 372.26 36, 006. 20 51, 959. 28 89, 444. 11 Allotted .--------............. -.......... 5, 000. 00 69,400.00 80,000.00 30,000.00 1 $7,998.65 retained percentages deducted. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 765 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ---------------------------- $82,375.89 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929 - ----------------------- $10, 000 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------------- ------ 20, 000 30, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for------------------------------ 112,375. 89 Gross amount expended- ----------------- ---------- 89, 444. 11 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 22, 931. 78 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------ $12. 74 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts- ----------- 8,092. 93 8, 105. 67 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------ 14, 826. 11 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 2 --------------------------- 36, 900.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 2.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13, 500. 00 6. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCK AND DAM IN OKLAWAHA RIVER AT MOSS BLUFF, FLA. The improvement, for which report is made under this caption, forms part of the project for improving Oklawaha River, Fla. See pages 760 to 765, where general information regarding the improve- ment can be found. The completed lock and dam has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since August 1, 1929. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The lock and dam were operated and maintained the entire year. The grounds and build- ings were cared for and maintained. There were 134 lockages. The total cost was $1,994.46, all for maintenance. The total expenditure was $1,994.46. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The lock and dam were completed in 1925 and are in good condition. The United States reservation comprises 13.14 acres on which have been built a dwelling and a storehouse, which are in good condition. The total cost from the permanent indefinite appropriation for operating and care of the lock and dam to the end of the fiscal year was $1,994.46. The total expenditure was $1,994.46. Proposed operations.-The lock and dam will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-See preceding report on Oklawaha River. Cost and financiaZ summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- $1, 994. 46 Net total expenditures----------------------------------1,994.46 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930- -------------- 5. 54 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----- 2, 000. 00 2 Exclusive of available funds. 766 REPORT, OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. . . ARMY, S 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work----------.............. ...-------- . Cost of maintenance ------------------ ....... -- $1, 994. 46 Total expended----------------..................-------.......... ............ ............ ---- 1,994. 46 Allotted --. ............--...........-.----. .... .---- 2, 000.00 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909-------------------------$2, 000.00 Gross amount expended-------------------------------------- 1, 994. 46 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_------------------------- 5. 54 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931--------------------------- 2, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931 --------------- - 2, 005. 54 7. INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY FROM JACKSONVILLE, FLA, TO MIAMI, FLA. Location and description.-The waterway extends from Jackson- ville to Miami, Fla., following the St. Johns River to the mouth of Pablo Creek, 23 miles, in which a depth of 30 feet is provided under another project, and thence following in general the line of a canal formerly constructed by the Florida Coast Line Canal & Transporta- tion Co. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1243, 1244, 161, 162, 163, and 1248.) From the northern end of the water- way at the mouth of Pablo Creek to the northern end of Indian River, 135 miles, the channel follows a series of shallow salt-water lakes and lagoons (including North River, Matanzas River, Halifax River, Mosquito Lagoon, and other smaller creeks and bayous) and the arti- ficial cuts connecting them. From this point to St. Lucie Inlet, 120 miles, the channel follows the Indian River. From St. Lucie Inlet to Miami, 105 miles, it traverses Lake Worth, Hillsboro River, New River, and Biscayne Bay, and the artificial connections between these waterways. The entire waterway is 383 miles in length. The width of the waterway is about 50 feet in the artificial sections; 2 to 3 miles in Mosquito Lagoon; 1 to 3 miles in Indian River; 0.2 to 1.3 miles in Lake Worth; and 0.5 to 3 miles in Biscayne Bay. (For detailed de- scription of the waterway, see H. Doc. No. 1147, 65th Cong., 2d sess., and H. Doc. No. 586, 69th Cong., 2d sess.) Originalcondition.-Priorto the adoption of the previous project for Indian River, the Florida Coast Line Canal & Transportation Co. had constructed a continuous channel of varying widths and depths throughout the waterway. In the northern section the width varied from 40 to 50 feet and, while the depth contemplated was 5 feet at low water, a depth of only 3 to 3.5 feet was available in many places. In the Indian River the least channel width was 75 feet and the depth 5 feet at mean low water. In the cut between Great Pocket and Pecks Lake, in the vicinity of St. Lucie Inlet, the width was 35 feet and the depth 5 feet. Between Jupiter Inlet and Biscayne Bay the channel had shoaled in places to such an extent as to be impass- able except by very small boats. Previouzs projects.-There have been no previous projects for the northern and southern sections. The first project, providing for connecting Indian River with Mosquito Lagoon, was adopted by an RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 767 act of June 15, 1844. A project for dredging a channel through Negro Cut to Indian River Inlet was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, and in the deficiency act of February 26, 1896, provision was made for opening Jupiter Inlet for the passage of boats and small vessels. A 5-foot project for Indian River, Fla.; was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. The cost and expenditures on these projects to June 30, 1927, were $307,- 997.50, of which $94,775.25 was for new work and $213,222.25 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1825 of Annual Report for 1915 and page 655 of Annual Report for 1926. E isting project.-This provides for an inland waterway in gen- eral 100 feet wide and 8 feet deep at local mean low water from Jacksonville to Miami, Fla., a distance of 383 miles, following the coastal route. From Jacksonville to a point on the St. Johns River 23 miles east depths in excess of those called for under this project already exist. The mean range of tide is 4 feet at junction with St. Johns River; 2 feet in Indian River in vicinity of the inlets; and 1.5 feet in Biscayne Bay. The extreme range at these places is 6 feet, 3 feet, and 2.4 feet, respectively. Tidal effect is imperceptible at points along the waterway distant from inlets. Strong northeasterly winds raise the water level in St. Johns River near Pablo Creek about 2 feet. Strong southwesterly winds lower it about 11/2 feet. Strong northerly winds lower the water level at the northerly end of Indian River from 1 to 2 feet and raise it at the southerly end about the same amount. Strong southerly winds have the opposite effect to a somewhat less extent. Strong easterly winds raise the water level in Biscayne Bay about 1 foot and strong westerly winds lower it about 0.5 foot. Winds have a proportionate effect on other lagoons and lakes, depending on their extent. Strong north- erly winds usually occur during the winter months. Strong southerly winds prevail during the summer and are not so violent as the north- erly winds. Heavy rainfall raises the water level at the northerly end of Indian River about 1 foot, and when Jupiter Inlet is closed the southerly end is raised about the same from this cause. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1926 is $4,221,000, with $125,000 annually for maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927 (H. Doc. No. 586, 69th Cong., 2d sess.), which provided for a bottom width of 75 feet, and modified by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, to provide for a width of 100 feet (S. Doc. No. 71, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the first-mentioned document. Recomnended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-Before work under the previous project for Indian River was undertaken by the United States the Florida Coast Line Canal & Transportation Co., under charter from the State, had dredged cuts through 23 shoals between Goat Creek and Jupiter Inlet, making a continuous channel not less than 50 feet wide and 5 feet deep at low water. The act adopting the previous project imposed the condition that no part of the money appropriated should be expended until the Florida Coast Line Canal & Transpor- 11714--ENG 1930-49 768 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 tation Co. should surrender and relinquish to the United States all the rights and privileges which it then held along this section of the canal under its State charter. The canal company formally relin- quished its rights to the United States on March 31, 1894, and the deed was pronounced satisfactory by the Attorney General on April 12, 1894. The acts of january 21, 1927, and July 3, 1930, adopting the exist- ing project, impose the conditions that local interests shall acquire the necessary right of way and the privately owned waterway known as the Florida East Coast Canal and transfer them, free of cost, to the United States and shall furnish suitable areas for the deposit of dredged material in connection with the work and its subsequent maintenance. The State legislature created a navigation district, known as the Florida Inland Navigation District, with a board of commissioners having conditional authority to issue bonds for the purpose of com- plying with the conditions of local cooperation. The board of com- missioners negotiated the purchase of the canal company interests and delivered a deed, dated October 15, 1929, conveying the canal prop- erty to the United States, which was approved by the Attorney Gen- eral December 3, 1929. The United States took possession of the property on December 11, 1929. The requirements as to additional right of way for future widening and deposit of spoil have not been complied with. The work of laying out the right of way and areas for the disposal of dredged material is now in progress. Terminal facilities.-Extensive terminals with railroad and street connections are available in connection with the harbors at Jackson- ville and Miami (see corresponding paragraphs for those projects). Terminals for coastwise vessels have been constructed at Fort Pierce (Indian River), Riviera (Lake Worth), and Port Everglades (Hollywood Harbor), and similar terminals are contemplated at Port Sewall near St. Lucie Inlet. The terminals at Fort Pierce involve an earth-fill pier in steel sheet piling and a transit shed with berthing space of about 1,500 feet. The controlling depth is 22 feet. Railway and highway connections are provided. At Riviera, oppo- site Lake Worth Inlet, the terminals consist of one slip with about 1,500 feet of berthing space, and a quay wall 2,000 feet long, and two transit sheds, controlling depth 15 feet, railway and highway con- nections. At Port Everglades (Hollywood Harbor) one slip about 1,200 feet long by 300 feet wide has been completed, providing about 2,700 feet berthing space with highway connections. A channel has been dredged through the inlet and across Lake Mabel 35 feet deep and 200 feet wide, with turning basin at the piers and protected by two stone jetties at the entrance. At St. Augustine there is a small wharf without railway connections on San Sebastian River, about 1 mile from its junction with the Intracoastal Waterway. At Daytona Beach and West Palm Beach the facilities are limited to a few small wharves. On the Indian River there are three wharves and five piers used for package freight and passengers, having a total berthing space of 3,050 feet; two piers and two wharves have railway connec- tions and the others have highway connections only. The facilities are adequate for the small commerce now handled, but will probably become inadequate as the existing project nears completion. There RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 769 are numerous small, privately owned boat landings all along the waterway used principally for pleasure craft. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 8, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of iimprovement.-The waterway is used by small commer- cial boats carrying freight and passengers to and from the towns along its route and by yachts and pleasure craft. It enables boats of this class, as well as dredges and other floating plant, to ply up and down the coast without incurring the dangers of the outside passage. The small controlling depths have prevented the carrying of sufficient commerce to affect railroad freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Surveys made by the Florida inland navigation district, in connection with the purchase of the Florida East Coast Canal and additional rights of way, were reviewed and checked. Possession of the Florida East Coast Canal was assumed on December 11, 1929, the requirements having been fulfilled. Between February 19, 1930, and May 28, 1930, a general survey of the Indian River from the south end of Great Pocket to the " Haul- over," a distance of about 121 miles, was made preparatory to invit- ing bids for the construction to full project dimensions of this reach of the waterway. A survey of the northerly portion of Biscayne Bay, to secure information for construction by contract of the en- larged waterway at this locality, was in progress at the close of the fiscal year. Surveys were made in connection with the dredging operations in progress. Negotiations were carried on with local in- terests throughout the year with respect to easements for rights of way and grants for the disposal of dredged material. Dredging operations to restore the original depth and width in the Florida East Coast Canal were begun on March 27, 1930, with the U. S. pipe-line dredge Congaree, involving the removal of an ob- structive shoal at the mouth of Pablo Creek. This dredge advanced southward through Pablo Creek and the connecting canal, and at the close of the year had dredged over 20,220 linear feet, removing 292,943 cubic yards of material. The leased pipe-line dredge Simown began operations on April 2, 1930, at a point 15.7 miles north of St. Augustine, and at the close of the year had removed 113;,611 cubic yards of material, advancing northward over 13,205 feet of dredged channel. The leased pipe-line dredge Northwood began dredging near Matanzas Inlet on April 24, 1930, and had removed 31,644 cubic yards of material at the close of the year, advancing southward over 2,277 linear feet of channel. The leased pipe-line dredge ReliaWbe began dredging in the lateral canal adjacent to the north end of Halifax River on May 9, 1930. This dredge had advanced 8,410, feet and had removed 104,514 cubic yards of material at the close of the year. The leased pipe-line dredge Hester began dredging on the north end of Lake Worth on June 4, 1930, advancing 3,875 feet and removing 32,656 cubic yards of material to the end of the year. The leased pipe-line dredge Ideal began dredging in the waterway in the vicinity of Matanzas Inlet on June 16, 1930, and had removed 27,000 cubic yards of material at the close of the year, advancing 1,387 The leased pipe-line dredge Venetia began dredging in the canal feet. 770 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 north of Hillsboro Inlet on June 24, 1930, and removed 3 512 cubic yards of material, advancing 510 linear feet at the close of the year. On February 28, 1930, U. S. derrick boat D-1 began snagging op- erations in the upper reaches of Pablo Creek in advance of the pipe- line dredge Congaree. This plant continued to work southward through the canal and at the close of the year had worked over 4.91 miles of waterway, removing 46,810 snags, logs, and obstructions. The leased derrick boat Joeb began snagging operations in advance of the dredge Simons on April 16, 1930, and at close of the year had advanced 2.32 miles northward, removing 1,468 snags, logs, and obstructions. At the close of the fiscal year 10 pipe-line dredges and one derrick- boat had been leased for dredging and snagging operations. Seven pipe-line dredges and two derrick boats were in operation. The total material removed by all dredges amounted to 605,880 cubic yards, all new work. The transfer of the 15-inch oil engine pipe-line dredge Pullen to this district from the Norfolk (Va.) district was authorized on May 2, 1930. The transfer to this district from the Wilmington (N. C.) district of the snag boat Fayetteville was authorized on June 19, 1930. Both of these plants are to be assigned to this improvement. To facilitate the supervision of work in progress, field offices were opened at West Palm Beach and at Daytona Beach on May 1, 1930, and June 1, 1930, respectively. Under authority of Section I of the river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912, an allotment of $500 was made on March 22, 1930, to be applied to maintenance of a usable channel at Ponce de Leon Inlet, New Smyrna, Fla. No expenditures were incurred as con- ditions at the inlet improved due to natural causes. The total cost of all activities was $128,930.86, all of which was for new work. The total expenditure was $113,235.01. Condition at end of fl~cal year.--The existing project is about 3.3 per cent complete. The former 5-foot depth project from Goat Creek to Jupiter was completed in 1926 except that rock reefs existed at a depth of 4.5 feet in the vicinity of Vero Beach and between Crawford Point Cut No. 77 and Fort Pierce. The controlling depth in this portion of the improvement is 3 feet, at Sewalls Point. The dredg- ing operations in progress at the close of the fiscal year had not advanced sufficiently to change the controlling depth at any locality. The removal of snags and logs forming menaces to navigation in the reach south of the St. Johns River was accomplished. The con- trolling depths in the canal portion of the waterway from Goat Creek to the St. Johns River and from Jupiter Inlet to Biscayne Bay are such that a boat having a draft in excess of 2.5 feet can be navigated only with difficulties. The Florida East Coast Canal has extensively shoaled and narrowed. The total cost of existing project has been $140,444.01, of which $138,995.10 was for new work and $1,448.91 was for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $125,559.86. Propped operation.--The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($851,954.68), will be applied to new work as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 771 Dredging by contract to full project dimensions, where required, in the Indian River section, approximately 3,400,000 cubic yards, at 13.5 cents per cubic yard------------------------------- $459, 000. 00 Dredging and log removal in the original Florida East Coast Canal at the more critical places between St. Johns River and Biscayne Bay by Government plant and by leased plant---------------- 315, 000. 00 Office expenses, surveys, and contingencies.-------------------- 77, 954. 68 Grand total for new work_ ..... _ --------------- 851, 954. 68 It is expected that the available funds will be expended at a fairly uniform rate and will be exhausted on June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($836,000), will be applied to new work as follows: Dredging by contract to full project dimensions at localities where conditions of local cooperation have been complied with-_-----. $490, 000 Dredging in the original Florida East Coast Canal at the more critical places and elsewhere in the project, as required, by Government plant and by leased plant_------ --- --------- 270, 000 Office expenses, surveys, and contingencies__-------------------- 76, 000 Total----------- ------------ ---------------------- 836,000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of citrus fruits, fish, fuel oil, groceries, lumber, manufactured iron and steel, sand. and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 108,233 short tons, valued at $3,317,750. As compared with that of the preceeding year this is a decrease in total tonnage of over 26 per cent due principally to re- duced traffic in rock and sand. A large portion of the general freight formerly passing over the waterway is now carried in motor trucks. About 86 per cent of the commerce consisted of fuel oil and sand and was transported by barges, towed by motor boats, drawing from 2 to 4 feet, for distances not exceeding 25 miles. The balance of the commerce used portions of the waterway for distances from 10 to 30 miles and was carried in motor boats drawing from 2 to 4 feet. No lines of transportation were established and one was abandoned during the year. Comparative statement General freight Ferry traffic Year P assengers Tons Value Tons Value - 1925_.....--- ---------- . 1926 ---------------- .-.-- --...- ------- --- ------------------- 262,454 703, 531 $9, 072, 294 6,468,697 2, 437 1, 237 $176, 542 -...-....... 87, 560 --------- . 1927 --------------------------------- 289, 136 6, 451, 589 1, 048 74, 840 1484, 932 1928_. --...- - 145, 629 3, 863, 806 1, 195 88, 450 1479, 863 1929-- --------------------------------- 108, 067 3, 307, 270 166 10, 480 1 269, 839 1 Ferry. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 --------------------- $233, 770.35 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__------------------------ 214, 671. 16 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 --------- __ 448, 441. 51 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ------ 29, 451.08 Net total cost to June 30, 1930---------------------- 477, 892. 59 772 3EPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Minus a'ccounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------$44, 335.23 7Net total expenditures________ _____-_________ -__- 433, 557. 36 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---- _____ _______ ____ 851, 954. 68 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---- __________ 1, 285, 512. 04 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....-------. -----------.------------ $11, 281. 73 $5, 948.10 $4, 116.14 $128, 930. 86 Cost of maintenance -----........-----------.... $50, 278. 83 23, 854.44 1,448. 91 .. Total cost.......--------..----------.. 50, 278. 83 35, 136. 17 7, 397. 01 4, 116. 14 128, 930. 86 Total expended--..................------------------ 50, 278. 83 35, 136. 17 7,003. 14 5, 321. 71 113, 235.01 Allotted.............................. 500. 00 10, 000.00 0-10,000. 17,4------------------------5,000.00 00 960, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----------------------------- $5, 189.69 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved February 23, 1927---------_---__ $100, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 23, 1928------- __ -___--- 99, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved February 28, 1929_-_ __--- -- 311, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 26, 1930__... -__ __- 450, 000. 00 960, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_--________-_____---___- 965, 189.69 Gross amount expended ---------___ ______---____ 113, 235. 01 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------851, 954.68 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_____ ____ _ $20, 606. 05 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts---------- 274, 877. 82 295, 483. 87 Balance available June 30, 1930_ ________- ___________- 556, 470. 81 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - of existing project 3, 230, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for new work _____________________________ 836, 000. 00 8. ST. LUCIE INLET, FLA. Location and description.--St. Lucie Inlet is an opening from the Atlantic Ocean into Indian River on the east coast of Florida, about 235 miles south of the mouth of the St. Johns River and 100 miles north of Miami, Fla. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 163.) The inlet is the result of an artificial cut made by local residents in 1892 through the low sand ridge separating the Indian River from the ocean. The cut was made 30 feet wide and 5 feet deep, but it rapidly widened until in 1908 it was over one-half mile in width. Original condition.--The entrance was shallow and obstructed by shifting sand bars, through which a narrow, crooked, and unstable channel of from 41/2 to 6 feet available depth at low water could gen- erally be found. A reef of soft rock extended across the front of the inlet, with its top surface from 3.5 to 10 feet below mean low water. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS---JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 773 Inside the entrance no permanent channel existed, but depths of 4 to 8 or 10 feet at low water could generally be carried into the Indian and St. Lucie Rivers. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--This provides for the expenditure of about $300,000, for excavating a cut 18-foot center depth across the ob- structing rock reef and ocean bar, and was recommended by the Chief of Engineers as a preliminary step to securing later a channel 18 feet deep at mean low water and at least 200 feet wide from the ocean to Sewalls Point, protected by a jetty on the north side of the entrance. The mean tidal range is 1.7 feet. The extreme range is about 3 feet. Strong northeasterly winds raise the water level about 0.8 foot and strong southerly and westerly winds lower the water level about the same amount. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1909, is $1,460,000. The latest (1917) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 675, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The complete project is described in House Document No. 1312, Sixtieth Congress, second session, which document also contains the latest published map. Recommended modifications of project.-The abandonment of the project was recommended in House Document No. 370, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session, as the work already done indicates that the cost of the improvement would be excessive. Local cooperation.- None required. The Martin-St. Lucie Counties improvement district, acting under authority of the Florida State Legislature and War Department permit, has dredged a chan- nel 18 feet deep, 150 feet wide, from the westerly side of the inlet to the proposed Port Sewall terminal, with a turning basin 600 feet wide at the terminal. Highway and railway connections are pro- posed at the terminal. The proposed channel 200 feet wide through the inlet has not been dredged. A stone jetty 3,325 feet long has been constructed on the north side of the inlet and a sand and shell levee, with stone revetment, on the south side. The total cost of work done by local interests as stated by the St. Lucie Inlet district and port authority had been $856,409.98 to December 31, 1929. Terminal facilities.-None completed. Effect of improvement.-None. Work not completed. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No construction work was done by the United States. A small amount of revetment work was done by local interests during July and August, 1929, at the south inlet point. Contract for dredging a portion of the inlet channel was not entered into with the low bidder, as local interests requested a change in the location of the work as advertised. The site of the proposed dredging by the United States was changed and the work was readvertised. All bids received August 8, 1929, were later rejected as excessive. During August and part of September, 1929, a survey was made to determine the condition of the channel at the bar cut. The total cost for surveying, office expenses, and incidentals was $2,519.96, all for new work. The total expenditure was $2,284.39. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The United States completed about 2 per cent of the existing project in 1916 and then operations 774 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3s0 were suspended as the dredged cut was rapidly filled with sand. Local interests have since constructed a jetty extending from the north inlet point to the rock reef about 3,325 feet long. This jetty and the contraction works in the vicinity of the south inlet point, constructed by the improvement district, have produced some scour in the inlet. Local interests have also dredged a channel 18 feet deep and 150 feet wide from the westerly side of the inlet to the proposed Port Sewall terminal, where a turning basin and fill for a terminal quay have been partially completed. The controlling depth through the inlet at the site of the proposed channel is now about 5 feet at mean low water. The depth available in the dredged channel from the terminal site to the westerly portion of the inlet points is about 18 feet. The total cost of the work done under the existing project by the United States has been $26,013.32, all for new work. The total expenditure has been $26,013.32. The total cost of work done by local interests, as stated by the St. Lucie inlet district and port authority to December 31, 1929, has been $856,409.98. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($23,- 980.04), will be applied to office work and surveys in connection with the prosecution of the work under the project, as proposed by local interests and not yet undertaken. It is not known when local inter- ests will begin work. No funds can be profitably expended during fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as it is not believed that prospective commerce is suf- ficient to justify further expenditure at the present time. Commeroial statistics.--The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of fish, ice, and lumber. The tonnage for the year amounted to 850 short tons, valued at $75,000. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is a decrease in total tonnage of over 48 per cent, due to loss in receipts of rock formerly required for jetty construc- tion. The commerce was carried in motor boats drawing from 2 to 4 feet. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned dur- ing the year. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 3, 250 $222, 250 1925----------------------...................... -------- 1928---------............--...--........ , 660 $74, 280 1926--..............-----------------. 14, 083 252, 549 1929--.......-----------------............... 850 75, 000 1927-........-------------------- 16, 375 171,000 Cost and flnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__--------------------------- $26, 013.32 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930- Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------26, 013. 32 Net total expenditures-- --------- --- __.------ - 26, 013. 32 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930.-------- _---- - ------ 23, 980. 04 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 --- --------- 49, 993. 36 RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT ' 775 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 ........................ Cost of new work---------------------------------- .....-----------------------$2, 519. 96 Cost of maintenance------------............... --------------------------.......... .........-- .------------------ Total expended......---------------------------- -- -------------- $235. 57 2, 284. 39 Allotted---------..... ----- ------------------------------- $50,000.00 -- 50, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1', 1929-------------------- ---- $76, 264. 43 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment--------------- 50, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------ 2, 264. 43 Gross amount expended------------------------------- 2, 284. 39 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------23, 980. 04 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1_ _ - 1, 410, 000. 00 1----------------------------- 9. HOLLYWOOD HARBOR (PORT EVERGLADES), FLA. Location and description.-This harbor is located on the east coast of Florida, about 23 miles north of Miami and about 48 miles south of Lake Worth Inlet (West Palm Beach). The site of the harbor is at Lake Mabel, a small shallow body of water, about three-quarters of a mile in diameter and bisected by the corporate limits of the towns of Fort Lauderdale and Hollywood, and connected with the Atlantic Ocean by a dredged cut 800 feet wide across a narrow strip of land separating the lake from the ocean. The project for.the intra- coastal waterway passes through the lake. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1248.) Original condition.-Before improvements were undertaken by local interests there was an average depth of water in Lake Mabel of from 3 to 6 feet and formed a part of the East Coast Canal. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the maintenance of the en- trance channel, turning basin, and jetties constructed by local inter- ests. The channel was dredged in rock to 35 feet deep and 210 feet wide from the ocean to the turning basin on the west side of Lake Mabel, a distance of about 6,900 feet, and the turning basin was dredged in rock to from 18 to 35 feet deep, 1,200 feet wide, and an average length of about 1,200 feet. Two converging angular stone jetties were constructed at the entrance, 500 feet apart at the outer ends and 1,200 feet apart at the shore ends. The north jetty is about 1,450 feet and the south jetty 1,250 feet in length. Both jetties were built to 6 feet above mean low water with top widths of 6 feet at the shore ends and 12 feet at the sea ends, side slopes 1 on 11/2. Two parallel steel sheet piling bulkheads 800 feet apart protect the land points from erosion. All depths are referred to mean low water. The mean tidal range at the entrance is 2.2 feet. The extreme range is about 3 feet. Maintenance is estimated to cost $44,000 the first year and $35,000 annually thereafter. 1Exclusive of available funds. 776 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act ap- proved July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 357, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required. Terminal facilities.-These consist of one slip about 1,200 feet long by 300 feet wide, with steel bulkhead at the end and both sides, pro- viding about 2,700 feet of berthing space, with a depth of 35 feet. Highway connection only with railway connection in course of con- struction. The facilities are adequate for present needs, though extensive additions are contemplated. Effect of improvement.-No work has been done under the existing project. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done on this improvement by the United States. The controlling depths are as follows: Bar cut 35 feet, channel from the bar cut to the turning basin 33 feet, and 31 feet in the turning basin on westerly side of Lake Mabel adjacent to the terminal slip. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($44,000), will be applied to maintenance, as follows : Operation and repair of U. S. hopper dredge Absecon in removal of shoals from the bar cut, the entrance channel, and the turning basin adjacent to the terminals, 31/4 months, at $13,000 per month-------- $42, 250 Office expenses and contingencies---------------------------------1, 750 Total for maintenance _ ___------------- 44, 000 Commercial statistics.-No commercial statistics have been collected for the calendar year 1929. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------ Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance____ ________________ $44, 000 10. HARBOR AT MIAMI (BISCAYNE BAY), FLA. Location and description.-BiscayneBay is a large, shallow, salt- water sound lying between the Florida Keys and the mainland on the east coast of Florida near the southern extremity of the penin- sula. It is about 38 miles long and from 3 to 9 miles wide. The city of Miami is situated on the west side of the bay, about midway be- tween its head and its principal entrance at Cape Florida. Miami is about 335 miles south of the mouth of the St. Johns River and 160 miles north and east of Key West. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey Chart No. 583.) The harbor embraces the artificial basins and channels that have been dredged along the city front and through the shoal water of the bay to the ocean. Original condition.-The greatest natural depths in Biscayne Bay averaged from 6 to 10 feet. Originally a draft of 10 feet could be RIVERS AND HARBORS--JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 777 carried into the bay at Cape Florida and about 7 feet to the mouth of the Miami River. Channels had been dredged by the Florida East Coast Railway Co. and the Peninsula & Occidental Steamship Co., having a minimum usable low-water depth of 111/2 feet on the bar at Cape Florida and 12 feet in the bay and a usable width of 75 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 25 feet deep at mean low water, 500 feet wide from that depth in the ocean to near the outer ends of the jetties, thence 300 feet wide through the entrance and across Biscayne Bay to the municipal turning basin at Miami (a distance of 20,200 feet), and enlarging the turning basin, and for two stone jetties, the north one to be 3,000 feet long and the south jetty 2,750 feet long. The boundaries of the turning basin are subject to conditional modification. The mean tidal variation is 2.2 feet at the entrance and 1.5 feet in the bay. The extreme variation is about 3.5 feet at the entrance and 2.4 feet in the bay. Strong easterly winds raise the water level about 1.5 feet at the entrance and 1 foot in the bay. Strong westerly winds lower the water level about 1 foot at the entrance and about 0.5 foot in the bay. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $3,674,700 The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $71,000. The estimated cost of widening the Biscayne Bay chan- nel to 300 feet and enlargement of the turning basin is $885,000. The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, limited expenditures thereon to $200,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for an 18-foot chan- nel in a land cut across the peninsula and for jetty construction (H. Doc. 662, 56th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 2, 1907, fixed the width of the channel at 100 feet; the act of July 25, 1912, pro- vided for enlarging the channel to 20 feet deep and 300 feet wide, and for extension of the jetties (H. Doc. No. 554, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 3, 1925, provided for the present dimensions at the entrance and a width of 200 feet across Biscayne Bay (H. Doc. No. 516, 67th Cong., 4th sess.) ; and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for a width of 300 feet in the channel across the bay and enlarging the municipal turning basin (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 15, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map of the entire project is in House Document No, 516, Sixty-seventh Congress, fourth session. For map of proposed widening of Biscayne Bay Channel see River and Harbor Committee Document No. 15, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperatior.-The river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, adopting the first project, imposed the condition that the Florida East Coast Railway Co. should construct at its own expense a basin 1,600 feet long and 500 feet wide adjacent to the wharves at Miami, and a channel not less than 85 feet nor more than 100 feet wide across the bay from this basin to the basin to be dug by the United States near the entrance, and should contract with the United States to secure in the basin and channel depths equal to that obtained by the United States in the entrance (under the then existing 18-foot 778 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 project), and to maintain these depths for three years after comple- tion of the entrance channel. It was also required that the channels and basin should be open to the free and unobstructed use of the public, and that the railroad wharves and other facilities should be open to use by all shippers at reasonable rates and on just and reason- able conditions. A contract containing the required stipulations was entered into on October 15, 1902, between the Secretary of War, on behalf of the United States, and the Florida East Coast Railway Co. Between March, 1903, and January, 1906, the railway company dredged the channel across the bay to a width of 100 to 120 feet and to a least depth of 12 to 14 feet at mean low water, and constructed a basin in front of its wharves at Miami 1,000 feet long and 500 feet wide, with an available depth of 10 feet or over. The amount expended by the railway company in this work was over $200,000. The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, adopting the 20-foot project, as amended by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, imposes the condition that local interests shall provide suitable ter- minals, open to public use, and provides that nothing in the act shall be construed to relieve the railway company of its obligations under its contract with the United States. The railway company declined to do any further work in the chan- nel across the bay, and suit to enforce specific performance of the contract was instituted. The case was tried in July, 1914, and was decided adversely to the United States. On April 26, 1915, the Secretary of War approved terminal plans adopted by the city of Miami, and on January 18, 1916, the Secretary of War accepted the evidence submitted by t%_ city as satisfactory assurance that suitable terminals would be provided as required by the appropriation act. The plans contemplate the constructed of wharves on the bay front, the excavation of a turning basin in front of them, and the dredging of a channel 100 feet wide and 18 feet deep at low water from the turning basin across the bay to the inner end of the Government cut. All work of city cooperation has been completed. A channel has also been dredged 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide to connect the basin in front of the wharves of the Florida East Coast Railway Co., with the city's turning basin, and another channel dredged 18 feet deep and 150 feet wide from the city's turn- ing basin south for a distance of about 4,000 feet along the harbor line in front of Bay Front Park. The city manager of Miami reports the total cost to the city for harbor work to March 31, 1927, as $988,681.50 for dredging, $2,191,183.45 for docks, and $66,508.90 for removal of wrecks, a total of $3,246,373.85. The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, imposes the condition that local interests shall dredge and enlarge the present turning basin at the municipal dock to a depth of 25 feet. Compliance with this condition was guaranteed by a resolution passed by the board of com- missioners of the city of Miami and was accepted by the Secretary of War as a satisfactory guaranty that the work would be done. The turning basin has been dredged by the city to conform to the require- ments of the existing piers. Before the improvement of Biscayne Bay was undertaken by the United States the Florida East Coast Railway Co. and the Peninsula & Occidental Steamship Co. dredged at their own expense a channel RIVERS AND HARBORS--JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 779 9 feet deep from the Cape Florida entrance to the railway wharves in the Miami River. Later this channel was made 12 feet deep at the entrance and up the bay to the new railway wharves on the bay front. This channel has been redredged from time to time and is the channel now used by some vessels, though the greater part of the commerce is through the Government cut. The cost of the work was over $150,000. Terminal facilities.-Not including the municipal piers, these con- sist of 8 wharves, having a total frontage of 3,500 feet, 5 with 18 to 25 feet and 3 with 8 to 13 feet of water. Two of these wharves have railway and highway connections. In addition to these, 6,250 feet of berthing space has been completed on the south side of the new Government cut, 2,250 feet having 25 feet and 4,000 feet having 18 feet of water. These terminals have neither railway nor highway connections, access being afforded by ferries and lighters. Four oil tanks of 146,500 barrels total capacity have been constructed at these wharves and two warehouses were built but were destroyed by the hurricane of September, 1926. The municipal piers, built in accordance with plans approved by the Secretary of War, as required by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, have been completed, providing berthing space of about 5,775 feet, with 25 feet of water, warehouses, and storage yards. All three of these piers have railway and highway connections, the other one has highway connection only. Miami Beach has a small municipal wharf with 18 feet of water and highway connection only. All terminals are open to the public except three of the wharves, which are used by oil companies, and two of the municipal piers at Miami which have been leased to steamship companies. The facilities are adequate for present needs. (For full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 8, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The completion of the 25-foot project has had a pronounced effect on railroad and water-transportation rates. Cape Florida entrance is no longer used by commerce, except by a few fishing boats, general commerce now using the dredged channel almost exclusively. A large increase in commerce has taken place since the completion of the latter channel. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-Contract work of repair- ing the jetties and north revetment, necessitated by damage done by the hurricane of 1926, which was begun during the previous fiscal year, was continued and completed on October 5, 1929. Sixty and twenty-three one-hundredths cubic yards of Florida limestone were placed in the north revetment, 13,820.2 tons of granite were placed in the north jetty, and 18,857.4 tons in the south jetty. The total cost of this repair work was $192,522.90. Between November 18, 1929, and January 29, 1930, 546.9 linear feet of steel bulkhead, 2,812 cubic yards of fill, two wooden break- waters, and one wooden wharf were constructed, by contract, on north United States reservation, at a total cost of $24,723.66. Miscellaneous hired labor work was done in connection with sur- veys and maintenance of the harbor and the United States reserva- tion, at a total cost of $6,046.89, all for maintenance. The total cost was $223,293.45, all for maintenance. The total expenditure was $228,130.25. 780 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 80 per cent completed. The total length of the completed north jetty and revetment is 4,688 feet, and of the completed south jetty and revetment 3,850 feet. Repairs to jetties and north revetment neces- sitated by the hurricane of September, 1926, are completed. The controlling depths are: 25 feet for a width of 150 feet across Biscayne Bay, the narrowing in width being confined to that section of the channel contained between stations 4,000 west and 6,500 west on the easterly side of Biscayne Bay; 25 feet for a width of 300 feet in the channel between the revetments and jetties; and 25 feet for a width of 500 feet in the outer-bar section. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists in widening the channel across Bis- cayne Bay to 300 feet and enlarging the turning basin, as authorized by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930. The total cost of the existing project has been $4,355,005.18, of which $3,474,758.21 was for new work and $880,246.97 for maintenance. The total ex- penditure has been $4,377,156.43. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($64,- 886.30), will be applied to maintenance as follows: Operation and repair of U. S. hopper dredge Absecon, 41/4 months, at $13,000 per month------------------------------------ $55, 250. 00 Office expenses, supervision of the harbor, and contingencies, includ- ing upkeep of floating equipment, care, and preservation of the reservation ------- -------------------------------------- 9, 636. 30 Total for maintenance_ _.--------------------- - 64, 886.30 It is expected that the dredging will begin in July, 1930, and that all available funds will be exhausted on June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($250,000), will be applied to new work and maintenance as follows: New work: Dredging, by contract, 300,000 cubic yards of material in in- creasing size of turning basin adjacent to municipal terminals, at 60 cents per cubic yard __ ------ _-_---------- -__ $180, 000 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies_ ._-------------. 20, 000 Total for new work------------------------------------200, 000 Maintenance: Operation and repair of U. S. hopper dredge Absecon, 31/4 months, at $13,000 per month___---------------------------- 42, 250 Office expenses, supervision of the harbor, and contingencies, In- cluding upkeep of floating equipment, care, and preservation of the reservation ----------------------------------------- 7, 750 Total for maintenance---------------------------------- 50, 000 Total for new work and maintenance -------- - - 250, 000 Commercial statistics.--The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of asphalt, automobiles, beverages, building supplies and materials, canned foods, cement, crushed stone, feed, flour, fruits, grain, lumber, paper, petroleum products, sand, sugar, vegetables, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 961,570 short tons, valued at $49,801,342. Of this amount, 112,205 short tons, valued at $3,276,890, was foreign com- RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 781 merce; 403,847 short tons, valued at $35,512,523, was coastwise com- merce; 408,845 short' tons, valued at $1,924,607, was local traffic; 6,268 short tons, valued at $6,040,200, was general ferry commerce, and 30,405 short tons, valued at $3,047,122, were cargoes in transit. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is an increase in total commerce of over 16 per cent, due to generally increased coast- wise and local business. The foreign commerce decreased about 21 per cent, due to reduced receipts of petroleum products and gener- ally reduced export shipments. The coastwise commerce increased over 18 per cent. The local traffic increased over 21 per cent, due to increased business in sand and stone. The cargoes in transit in- creased nearly 172 per cent. The foreign and coastwise commerce .and the cargoes in transit, about 57 per cent of the total, used the improved channel and was benefited thereby, being carried in steamers, sailboats, motor boats, and barges drawing from 10 to 23 feet. The remaining 43 per cent, which was local commerce, did not benefit directly by the improvement. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement General cargo General ferry Freight in transit Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925------ -----. 2, 401, 472 $84, 349, 553 46, 615 1926 -------------- 1, 882, 597 67, 235, 396 ---------------------------------------- 38, 990 1927 -------------- 1, 329, 591 43, 551, 539 5, 566 $4, 163, 250 30, 937 1928- --.---. __ _ _ 812, 465 23, 307, 047 1, 756 1, 671, 000 11,178 $1,218, 790 51, 410 1929 ---------------- 924, 897 40, 714, 020 6, 268 6, 040, 200 30, 405 3, 047, 122 58, 69 5 Cost and flnancial swummary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------- $3, 474, 758. 21 Cost of maintenance .to June 30, 1930___----------------------- 880, 246. 97 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 4, 355, 005. 18 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ----------- 21, 889. 34 Net total cost to June 30, 1930----------------------- 4,376, 894.52 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------- 2, 335. 74 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 ------ -------- ___ 4, 379, 230. 26 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------------- 2,073.83 Net total expenditures---------------------------- 4, 377, 156. 43 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------6------------------ 4, 886. 30 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 __-- -- _ 4, 442, 042. 73 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---__-______ - $1, 126. 50 $948, 594. 10 $1,279, 223. 57 $263, 084. 94 Cost of maintenance------..........-------- 59, 234. 56 28, 976. 59 44, 420.02 34, 802. 80 $223,293. 45 Total cost_--------_, _ -- 60, 361.06 977, 570.69 1, 323, 643. 59 297, 887. 74 223, 293. 45 Total expended-..... ---------- 60, 361. 06 977, 570. 69 1,587, 967. 43 322, 031. 83 228, 130. 25 Allotted----- .-- -- 1,100,000.00 1,526,000.00 333.000.00 175,000.00 17,000.00 782 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $276, 016. 55 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--- ----------------------------------- 50, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for-- ------------------------- 326, 016. 55 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment---------------- 33, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for ----------------------- 293, 016. 55 Gross amount expended $228, 250. 25 Less receipts from sales------------------- --- ----- 120. 00 228, 130. 25 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------- 64, 886. 30 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---------------- 1, 904. 85 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------- 731. 00 2, 635.85 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------- 62, 250. 45 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------ ----------- 2, 335. 74 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930---- 586. 19 6------------4, Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 2- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 200, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work 1- - - - - - - - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- -- -- - -- 200, 000. 00 For maintenance ------------------------------------- 50, 000. 00 -------------------------------------------- Total_ 250, 000. 00 11. MIAMI RIVER, FLA. Location and description.-This river rises in the southeasterly edge of the Everglades and flows southeast and east, emptying into Biscayne Bay about 1 mile south of the turning basin at the Miami municipal piers, the terminus of the Miami Harbor project (see U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 583). Its total length is about 4.5 miles. The Miami Drainage Canal from Lake Okee- chobee joins the river at a point 3.7 miles above the mouth. The 'i'amiami Canal joins the Miami Canal one-half mile above its inter- section with the river. The South Branch of the Miami River, 3 miles above the mouth, is connected with the Tamiami Canal by the Comfort Canal. Miami River proper is entirely within the corporate limits of, the city of Miami. The river is about 200 feet wide at its mouth.and for the lower 3 miles the width varies from 125 to 250 feet, thence for 0.7 mile, to the Miami Canal, the average width is about 100 feet, with a minimum of 80 feet. The river is sluggish, with very little flow, and tidal at its lower end. The drainage area is about 300 square miles. The normal fresh-water discharge is about 250 cubic feet per second. The fresh-water discharge during floods will approach 1,500 cubic feet per second. Original condition.-The limiting depth in the lower river was about 7 feet at mean low water in the bay and about 5 feet above South Branch to Miami Canal, the head of navigation in the river. Previous projects.-None. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 2 River and harbor act, July 3. 1930. limits expenditures on modification of project authorized by act to $200,000; total estimated cost, $885,000. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 783 Exsting project.-This provides for a channel 150 feet wide and 15 feet deep for a distance of 3 miles above the mouth, thence 125 feet wide and 15 feet deep to a point 41/8 miles above the mouth, thence 90 feet wide and 15 feet deep to a point 51/2 miles above the mouth, each section to have suitable side slopes. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 1.4 feet. The extreme range is about 1.7 feet. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, which authorized the appropriation of $800,000 for the prosecution of the work. Recommended modiflcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act authorizing the improvement provides that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands needed for the purpose of this improvement, and that local interests shall provide all needed spoil-disposal areas. These condi- tions have not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-There are a number of small privately owned marginal wharves along the river, with a total berthing space of about 900 feet. All wharves have highway connection. Railway con- nection is not provided. The facilities are adequate for the present needs. (For a description of terminal facilities see Port Series No. 8, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-No work'has as yet been done on this improvement. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fisc~d year.-No work has been done on this improvement by the United States. The controlling depth for a distance of 2 miles above the mouth is 7 feet, and thence 5 feet for a distance of 11/2 miles to the Miami Canal. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for the reason that the requirements of local coopera- tion have not been fully complied with, and the relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Co'mmercial statistics.-No commercial statistics have been col- lected for the calendar year 1929. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__-- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ........ Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_-- Amount (est:mated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing ,project $800, 000 12. HARBOR AT KEY WEST, FLA. Location and description.-Key West is located on the island of Key West, near the western end of the Florida Keys. It is about 516 statute miles from Jacksonville, 644 statute miles from New Orleans, and 220 miles south of the entrance to Tampa Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 584.) The harbor proper lies in 11714--EN N 1930-50 784 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 front of the town, protected on the eastern side by the island and on the other side by submerged reefs and sand flats. It has a length of about 2 miles' and a width of about one-quarter mile. Southwest of the harbor proper there is a large anchorage area protected by the reef. Entrance to the harbor is had through breaks in the reef, there being five main and several minor channels. Original condition.-The natural depth in the harbor was from 22 to 28 feet. The northwest entrance was obstructed by a sand shoal, over which the controlling depth was 10.5 feet at mean low water. The main ship channel had a least depth of 29 feet, but scattered coral heads and shoals made it difficult and dangerous for large vessels to enter. The minimum depths in the other principal chan- nels varied from 22 to 30 feet, but all were obstructed by coral heads. The depth in the anchorage was 30 to 45 feet. A draft of 26 feet could be taken into the harbor at low water by way of the main ship or the west channels. Previous projects.-A project for improvement of the northwest entrance was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882. A special survey, with a view to preparation of plans for future work, was ordered by the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886. The cost and expenditures on these projects were $27,500, of which $25,000 was for the improvement work and $2,500 was for the survey. For further details of previous projects see page 1827 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of coral heads and reefs from the main ship channel and anchorage, so as to give a clear depth of 30 feet at mean low water and a width in the channel of 300 feet; and for a northwest entrance channel with depth of 17 feet at mean low water and of sufficient width for navigation to be obtained by the construction of a stone jetty on each side of the entrance and by dredging; removing the middle ground to the extent of widening the channel opposite the wharves to a width of. 800 feet and a depth of 26 feet at mean low water. The mean range of tide is 2.6 feet at the northwest entrance and 1.4 feet in the main ship channel and in the harbor. The extreme range of tide is 3.5 feet at the northwest entrance, 2 feet in the main ship channel, and 2.5 feet in the harbor. Ordinary strong winds from any direction appear to have little effect on the water level. Hurricanes, however, have been known to raise the water level 4 feet above mean low water in the harbor when the wind was from the southerly direction. The estimate of cost of the east jetty at the northwest entrance was $500,000; for the extension of the east jetty, $200,000; and for the west jetty, $900,000; or $1,600,000 in all, exclusive of amounts ex- pended on previous projects. No approved estimate of cost of dredg- ing work at that entrance has been made. The estimated cost of the work in the main ship channel and the anchorage was $48,000. Esti- mated cost of the work in removing the middle ground was $321,200, or a total estimated cos: of - $1,969,200 for iew work. The latest (1928) approved estimate of cost of annual maintenance, exclusive of the jetties, is $6,000. *:Th'e "existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts The river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, pro- vided for the northwest entrance (H. Doc. No. 145, 50th Cong., 2d RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 785 sess., and H. Ex. Doc. No. 39, 51st Cong., 1st sess, reprinted in Annual Reports for 1889, pp. 1328-1337, and for 1890, pp. 1581-1596), this being later modified by special act approved May 28, 1908, which authorized the application of funds already appropriated to the removal of certain reefs in the main ship channel; the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, provided for the main ship channel (H. Doc. No. 706, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The removal of the middle ground was provided for by the act of July 18, 1918 (H. Doc. No. 185, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps are in House Document No. 706, Sixty-second Congress, second session; House _Document No. 680, Sixty-third Congress, second session; and House Document No. 185, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session. Recommended modiflcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilitiee.-These consist of four wharves and six piers, used for general freight, etc., having berthing space of 11,744 feet. All have connections with city streets, two piers having rail connec- tions. Terminals are adequate for present needs, and with the excep- tion of one wharf are open to the public. In addition to the above there are four Government piers, having a berthing space of 4,138 feet. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. ,652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 8, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement of the northwest pas- sage affords a safe route from Gulf ports to Key West and by way of the main ship channel to the Atlantic, enabling vessels drawing 17 feet or less to avoid the longer and more dangerous passage through the Straits of Florida. The improvement of the main ship channel has made it safe to navigate by day or night for vessels drawing less than 30 feet. The improved facilities have benefited the commerce of the port and are of great value to the smaller vessels of the United States Navy, enabling them to reach the naval station at Key West without difficulty or danger. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A survey of the north- -west entrance channel was made and general supervision of the har- bor maintained throughout the year. The total cost was $774.23, all for maintenance. The total expenditure was $5,708.09. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project as a whole is about 50 per cent completed. The project for the main ship chan- nel and anchorage was completed in the calendar year 1914, at a total cost of $31,384.23. A clear channel, with a least depth of 30 feet at mean low water and a least width of 300 feet, was made through the main ship channel, and a reef in the anchorage area, with only 22 feet of water over it, was removed to a depth of 30 feet. A chan- nel 18 feet deep and 250 feet wide was dredged through the northwest channel bar in 1921. The removal of the middle ground was com- pleted in the calendar year 1923, the channel being dredged to a depth of 26 feet at mean low water for a width of 800 feet and a length of 3,835 feet opposite the wharves. At the northwest entrance the west jetty has been built to a height of from 3 feet to 5 feet below mean low water for a length of 6,452 feet, and the east jetty has been built to a,height of 3 feet above mean low water for a length of 5,642 feet, and to a height of from 5 to 7 feet below mean low water for a further length of 5,712 feet. The last work on the west 786 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1930 jetty was done in the fiscal year 1900 and that on the east jetty in the fiscal year 1909. No further work on the jetties is considered necessary. At the end of the fiscal year the controlling depths at mean low water were 30 feet for a width of 300 feet in the main ship channel, 26 feet for a width of 800 feet in the middle ground, and 18.5 feet for a width of 225 feet in the northwest channel. Control- ling depths were found by an examination and soundings made on June 17 and 18, 1930. The work necessary to complete the project is the completion of the jetties at the northwest channel. The west jetty is about 20 per cent complete, the east jetty is about 67 per cent complete, and the jetties as a whole are about 60 per cent complete. The total cost of the existing project has been $1,172,309.84, of which $1,012,908.75 was for new work and $159,401.09 was for maintenance, including $33,658.67 for new work in the main ship channel, $2,- 274.44 expended in removing coral heads from the main ship channel under authority given in the special act of May 28, 1908, and $345,- 887.16 expended for new work in removal of the middle ground. The total expenditure has been $1,172,309.84. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($4,- 390.16), will be applied to maintenance in connection with office ex- penses, surveys, supervision of the harbor, and contingencies. It is expected that the available funds will be expended at a fairly uni- form rate and will be exhausted on June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($25,000), will be applied to maintenance as follows: Operation and repair of U. S. hopper dredge Absecon in the removal of shoals at the northwest entrance, 13 months, at $13,000 per month -------------------------------------------------- $22, 750 Office expenses and contingencies-------------------------------- 2, 250 Total for maintenance-----------------------------------25, 000" The funds for maintenance dredging are greater than the average for the preceding five years, because better maintenance is contem- plated involving some widening of the channel to better meet the needs of commerce. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929, consisted principally of asphalt, cement, coal and coke, construction materials and supplies, crushed stone, fish, fruits, livestock, lumber, packing house animal products, petroleum products, sugar, vege- tables,, and general merchandise. The freight tonnage for the year amounted to 539,034 short tons, valued at $45,009,153. Of this total, 18,821 short tons, valued at $777,484, was foreign commerce; 113,101 short tons, valued at $3,437,960, was coastwise commerce; 2,457 short tons, valued at $227,835, was local traffic; and 404,655 short tons, val- ued at $40,566,874, was ocean car-ferry traffic. In addition, 138,829 short tons, valued at $25,163,582, were cargoes in transit. As com- pared with that of the preceding year, this is a decrease in total ton- nage of over 13 per cent, due principally to .reduced "in transit'" tonnage. The freight commerce normally pertaining to the port increased about 9 per cent. The foreign commerce decreased over 80 per cent, due entirely to decreased imports of fuel oil which offset a gain in exports. The coastwise commerce increased about 73 per- RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 787 cent, due principally to increased receipts of fuel oil, thus offsetting the loss in foreign commerce in this commodity. The local traffic de- creased less than 1 per cent; the ocean car-ferry traffic increased over 22 per cent, placing the business to and from Cuba approxi- mately on a normal basis. Of the total business, about 19 per cent used the northwest channel and was carried in steamers, motor boats, and sailboats, drawing from 5 to 16 feet; the remaining 81 per cent used the main ship channel and was carried in steamers drawing from 12 to 28 feet. The ocean car-ferry to Cuba handled nearly 60 per cent of the total commerce. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement General freight Ocean car ferry Total Freight in transit Year Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value g 1925-.... 243,148 $6, 794, 289 411, 070 $58,268,733 654, 218 $65, 063, 022 740,537 $138,647,060 112, 591 1926..... 280,677 4, 879, 194 560, 602 40, 945, 452 841,279 45, 824, 646 660,129 219,607,144 79, 721 1927..... 292, 331 4, 626, 865 435, 483 50, 941, 078 727, 814 55, 567, 943 317,814 76, 829, 281 89, 294 1928..... 166, 074 3, 344, 526 329, 584 42,820, 517 495, 658 46,165, 043 290,951 84, 074, 589 116, 685 1929..... 134, 379 4, 443, 279 404, 655 40, 565, 874 539, 034 45, 009, 153 138, 829 25, 163, 582 79, 275 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ $1, 040, 408. 75 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 159, 401.09 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 1, 199, 809. 84 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930__________ 512. 26 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ...----------------------- 1, 200, 322. 10 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 --------------------- 512. 26 Net total expenditures----------------------------- 1, 199, 809. 84 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------- ----- 4, 390.16 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 193011111 1 1, 204, 200. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work. ------------------------------------------------ $40, 039.95 ............ Cost of maintenance-.....------------- $2, 044. 37 $2,158.63 $16, 314.80 27, 697. 24 $774.23 Total cost_.---.-.------------------- 2,044. 37 2, 158. 63 16, 314. 80 67, 737. 19 774. 23 Total expended__..--.-. ---.-... -.-.... - 2,044. 37 2, 158. 63 16, 160. 04 62, 972. 10 5, 708. 09 Allotted-..--------...... ---------------------------- 10, 000.00 25, 000. 00 41, 000.00 3,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------- -------------------- $7, 098. 25 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------- 3, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for -------------------- 0, 098. 25 1------- Gross amount expended----------------------------------- 5, 708.09 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_ .-------- _---____-- 4, 390. 16 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-- -------------------------- 51. 11 Balance available June 30, 193 1111111110 4, 339. 05 788 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1---------------------------- ----------- $950, 30000 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1- ---------..- 25, 000. 00 13. KISSIMMEE RIVER, FLA. Location and description.-This river now has its source in To- hopekaliga Lake, in the central part of the peninsula of Florida, and flows in a southeasterly direction, emptying into Lake Okeecho- bee. Its total length, including several large lakes through which it flows, is about 137 miles. Originally the river had its source in Lake Kissimmee, but many years ago canals were dug, primarily for drain- age purposes, connecting Lakes Kissimmee, Hatcheneha, Cypress, and Tohopekaliga, thus extending the waterway to the latter lake. It is an extremely sinuous and rather sluggish nontidal stream, vary- ing in width from 50 to 100 feet. The average fall is 0.39 foot per mile. The discharge at the mouth is about 1,000 second-feet at ordi- nary low water and about 18,000 second-feet at extreme high water. At extreme low water the discharge is much less. Low water usually lasts from March to September and high water from October to January. The drainage area is approximately 3,060 square miles. Origina condition.--In its natural state the river was obstructed by sand bars, over which the ruling depth was 2 feet at ordinary low stages, falling to as little as 1 foot or less at extreme low stages. Navigation was also obstructed by snags and by many sharp bends. Some of the latter had been eliminated by cut-offs made at private expense, and canals had been dug connecting the several lakes before improvement of the stream was undertaken by the United States. The head of navigation was at the town of Kissimmee, on Lake To- hopekaliga. The length of the navigable portion was 137 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing pryoject.-This provides for securing a channel width of 30 feet and a depth of 3 feet at ordinary low stage from the town of Kissimmee, on Lake Tohopekaliga, to Fort Bassenger, 37/ miles above the mouth, and also in Istokpoga Creek, a small tributary en- tering 101/2 miles above Fort Bassenger, by dredging through shoals, removing snags and overhanging trees, and building pile and brush dams and training walls to close subsidiary channels and concentrate the flow in the main channel. The total length of the sections in- cluded in the project is 109 miles, including 60 miles in the Kissim- mee River, 30 miles through four lakes, 9.6 miles through three canals, and 9.4 miles in Istokpoga Creek. The lower end of the sec- tion is 371/2 miles from the mouth of the river. The ordinary fluctua- tion of the water level, due to rainfall, is about 2 feet. The extreme fluctuation is about 4 feet at Lake Tohopekaliga and 3 feet at Fort Bassenger. The high stage usually occurs during the fall months and the low stage in the spring. The estimate of cost for new work. made in 1901, was $24,220.90, the estimate, however, being based on a channel width of but 25 feet in Istokpoga Creek, the limit between the banks in places. The latest (1917) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $3,000. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 789 The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 176, 57th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 137, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None is required by the appropriation acts. The canals connecting the lakes, though dug primarily for another purpose, extended navigation to the upper lakes, and form a useful and important part of the present waterway. Local residents have dredged cut-offs through several of the worst bends and have re- moved obstructions from the stream at their own expense. To com- pensate for the lowering of the surface of Lake Okeechobee, which is a feature of its plan for the drainage and reclamation of the Ever- glades, the State of Florida is required by .War Department permit to build a lock and dam near the mouth of the Kissimmee River and dredge a channel in the river from the lake to the lock or to do other work necessary to coordinate the improvement of the river for navi- gation with the State's scheme of drainage operations. No construc- tion work has been done under this requirement. Termtinal facilities.-The facilities consist of small private land- ings along the river. There are no railway connections. Due to difficulties in navigating the river in its present condition, the com- merce is very small and the facilities are adequate for the demands. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done under this improvement facilitated the operation of the boats in use on the river but prob- ably had no material effect in reducing rates. New railroads have since been built into this territory, and this, together with the fact that the project depths have never been fully maintained, has re- sulted in the regular freight boats being withdrawn from the river. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in the calendar year 1909 at a saving of $742 under the esti- mated cost. Channels of project dimensions were dredged through obstructive shoals, and snags and overhanging trees were removed, and sheet-pile bulkheads and brush-pile dams were built where nec- essary to confine and direct the flow. The result of this work was a channel of the full project dimensions from Kissimmee to Fort Bassenger and in Istokpoga Creek. Shoaling occurred and redredg- ing was done. Some of the old bulkheads and dams were also re- constructed and additional ones have been built. The bulkheads are now in very poor condition. The bulkhead at the lower end of Southport Canal, which was reconstructed in 1926, has given away and the river is now flowing through the break. The controlling depth at ordinary low water is about 2 feet. The total cost has been $48,681.32, of which $23,479.18 was for new work and $25,202.14 was for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $48,681.32. Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($1,969.50), will be applied to the maintenance of bulkheads, other control works, including supervision of the project. The work will be done during the low-water period by contract or by hired labor, as appears most advantageous. It is expected that all available funds will be exhausted on June 30, 1931. 790 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as it is not believed that prospective commerce is sufficient to justify further expenditure at the present time. Commercial statistics.--The commerce for the calendar year 1929, consisted of fish. The tonnage for the year amounted to 188 short tons, valued at $26,320. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is a decrease in total tonnage of about 8 per cent. The commerce utilized various portions of the waterway between Kis- simmee and Lake Okeechobee and was carried in motor boats draw- ing not over 2 feet. No regular lines of transportation operate over the waterway. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925---------------------....................., 5, 654 $256, 137 1928-----------------------205 $23, 900 1926---------------------....... . 7, 117 349, 145 1929 - --------------------- 188 26, 320 1927 ----------------- 50 7, 000 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ -------------------------- $23, 479. 18 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------- --------------- 25, 202. 14 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_--------- 48,681. 32 Net total expenditures___--------- 48, 681. 32 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------- ----------- 1, 969. 50 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------- 50, 650. 82 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Total expended.. .------- 274.88 2, 505. 71------------.-. 80. 30. ---- . Allotted, .. --275.18-...-- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--__------_----- -- __ ___. $1,969. 50 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930___ __ ____ 1,969. 50 14. CALOOSAHATCHEE RIVER AND LAKE OKEECHOBEE DRAINAGE AREAS, FLA. Location and description.-The Caloosahatchee River has its source in Lake Okeechobee and flows in a general southwesterly direction, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico through San Carlos Bay, about 30 miles south of the entrance to Charlotte Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 473 and 1255.) Its total length is about 84 miles. For the lower 20 miles the river has the characteristics of a tidal estuary from one-half to 13/4 miles in width. Above the estuary the width varies from 75 to 350 feet. The river is tidal as far as LaBelle, 55 miles above Punta Rasa. Above LaBelle the fall averages about 0.54 foot to the mile, and between LaBelle and Alva (about 21 miles downstream) the fall averages about 0.24 foot to the mile. The current is moderate. The drainage area is RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 791 about 1,090 square miles. The normal low-water discharge in cubic feet per second was formerly about 1,100 and the high-water dis- charge about 7,000, but the work of the State of Florida in lowering the level of Lake Okeechobee and in constructing locks and dams in the upper portion of the river has resulted in almost entirely shutting off the flow from the lake. Lake Okeechobee is a large fresh-water lake located in south central Florida, nearly round, about 31 miles in diameter with about 730 square miles of water surface, and a drainage area of about 5,300 square miles, including the drainage areas of the Kissimmee River, Taylors Creek, and Fisheating Creek, its main tributaries. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 804 and 805.) When its water surface is at elevation 15 feet above mean low water at Punta Rasa its greatest depth is 15 feet. It is quite shallow for some distance from its shores, particularly on the south and west sides. St. Lucie Canal was constructed by the Everglades drainage dis- trict as a control canal for Lake Okeechobee. It begins at about the middle of the east shore of Lake Okeechobee and empties into the south branch of the St. Lucie River. It is 23.9 miles long, has gen- erally a minimum depth of about 8 feet and a bottom width of 150 to 165 feet. It is designed to have a discharge capacity of 5,000 cubic feet per second when the water surface of the lake is at elevation 17 feet. Locks and dams have been constructed at each end of the canal which permit 6-foot navigation. St. Lucie River, south branch, from the entrance of the St. Lucie Canal flows north for about 6 miles to Stuart, where it joins the northwest branch forming the St. Lucie River, thence east, south- east, and east about 7 miles, emptying into the Indian River oppo- site St. Lucie Inlet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 163.) The Indian River is a part of the intracoastal waterway from Jacksonville to Miami. St. Lucie River is about 1,200 feet wide at the mouth, about 1,000 feet wide at Stuart, and 200 feet wide at its intersection with the canal, widening to as much as a mile between these points. The river is tidal for its full length. Taylors Creek is formed by the junction of several small creeks that have their headwaters in Allapattah Flats and flows generally in a southeasterly direction, emptying into Lake Okeechobee at its most northerly extremity. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 804.) It is approximately 15 miles long and the lower section between Okeechobee City, head of navigation, and Lake Okeechobee (a distance of 4.8 miles), the width is about 60 to 100 feet. The drainage area is approximately 217 square miles. There is prac- tically no flow at low stages but during freshets the water rose 6 feet or more and the creek discharged approximately 5,000 cubic feet per second. It has been known to rise 11 feet at the county bridge at Okeechobee City. Ow'iginal condition.-CaloosahatcheeRiver entrance and the lower part of the estuary were obstructed by oyster bars over which the controlling depth was 5.5 feet at low water. At the head of the estuary there is a broad shoal flat over which the controlling depth was 3.5 feet. Above the estuary the natural depth was about 4 feet and navigation was obstructed by bowlders, snags, and overhanging trees, and impeded by sharp bends. The head of navigation at low- water stage was in the marsh west of Lake Hicpochee, about 73 miles 792, REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 above Punta Rasa, but many years ago canals were dug by local interests primarily for drainage purposes connecting the river with Lake Okeechobee,through Lake Hicpochee, extending the head of navi- gation to the lake. Tidal influence was perceptible during low stages of the upper river for a distance of about 40 miles above the mouth. Lake Okeechobee had a normal elevation of 20.5 feet above mean low water at Punta Rasa and a normal fluctuation of about 2.5 feet. At times of high water it discharged its water over its southern rim onto the Everglades and probably at times down the Caloosahatchee River. Navigation improvements, before the adoption of the exist- ing project, consisted of dredging operations by the board of com- missioners of the Everglades drainage district to secure channels from deep water in the lake to the canal and river entrances. The Everglades is the name applied to the area south of the lake, about 90 miles long and 40 miles wide. The elevation of the Everglades bordering the lake was originally about 21 or 22 feet, above mean low water at Punta Rasa, the surface sloping south at the rate of 2 or 3 inches to the mile. St. Lucie River, and South Branch, had a natural navigable depth of 8 feet or more from the entrance of the canal to the Indian River, except at its mouth where it shoals with a controlling depth of about 6 feet at local mean low water. Taylors Creek was dredged by the board of commissioners of the Everglades drainage district in 1927 from Lake Okeechobee to the Florida East Coast Railway bridge in Okeechobee City. This channel has a controlling depth of 4 feet, when the lake is at elevation 14 feet, for a width of 30 feet. Before this work was done a depth existed for about a mile below Okeechobee City of about 1.5 feet, thence 2.5 to 3 feet to the lake. The upper portion of the creek was badly choked with hyacinth. Previous projects.-The first project for the Caloosahatchee River was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882. (See Annual Report for 1915, p. 1828.) A project for the upper river, between Fort Myers and Fort Thompson, was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888. (See Annual Report for 1887, p. 1236, and for 1888, p. 1095.) The cost and expenditures for these projects was $149,585.76, of which $9,456.59 was for new work below Fort Myers and $17,993.17 was for new work above Fort Myers, and $122,136 was for maintenance above Fort Myers. Existing project.-The project for lower Caloosahatchee River provides for a channel 200 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water from the Gulf of Mexico to Punta Rasa, a distance of about 3.5 miles, thence 100 feet wide and 10 feet deep at mean low water to Fort Myers, a distance of about 16 miles, with a turning basin at that point, at an estimated cost of $119,000. The project for Caloosahatchee River and Lake Okeechobee drainage areas pro- vides for improving the Caloosahatchee River and Canal from Lake Okeechobee to the Gulf of Mexico by straightening and by dredging a channel which will provide a discharge area of 2,500 cubic feet per second from Lake Okeechobee and a navigation channel at least 6 feet deep and 80 feet wide, including necessary control works (Lake Okeechobee to Fort Myers, 65 miles), at an estimated cost of $1,557,000; improving Taylors Creek by providing a channel 6 feet deep, when the lake is at elevation 15, and 60 feet wide from Okee- RIVERS AND HARBORS---JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 793 ,chobee City into Lake Okeechobee, a distance of about 4.8 miles, at an estimated cost of $58,000; providing a levee and a navigation channel 6 feet deep when the lake is at elevation 14 and 80 feet wide, following in general the south shore of the lake for a distance of about 63 miles, at an estimated cost of $6,172,000, and a north shore levee about 21 miles long, at an estimated cost of $1,040,000; pro- viding for the protection of the St. Lucie Canal from erosion and silting, at an estimated cost of $175,000; and improving St. Lucie River to provide a channel 6 feet deep at local mean low water and :80 feet wide from St. Lucie Canal to Indian River, a distance of about 13 miles, at an estimated cost of $25,000. The levees are to be constructed with muck core capped with 3 feet of rock to eleva- tion 31 feet above mean low water at Punta Rasa, and to be so built as to be capable of being raised an additional 3 feet, and crest width of 10 feet; lake-side slope 21/2 to 1 with rock riprap 31/2 feet thick and land-side slope 2 to 1 with rock riprap 2 feet thick. The mean range of tide at Punta Rasa is 1.7 feet. The extreme range is 2.5 feet. Tidal influence is perceptible at La Belle, 55 miles above Punta Rasa, at low-river stage. The mean range of tide at St. Lucie Inlet is 1.7 feet. The extreme range is about 3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work from the Gulf to Fort Myers, approved in 1915, is $119,000; the estimate of cost for new work for the remainder of the project, approved in 1930, is $9,027,000, or a total estimated cost for new work of $9,146,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects, and of which $2,000,000 is to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1928) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance, outside the limits of the Ever- .glades drainage district, is $15,000. The existing project for the Caloosahatchee River below Fort Myers was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 8, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The existing project for the Caloosahatchee River and Lake Okeechobee drain- :age areas was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (S. Doc. No. 115, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map of the lake is in the latter document, and maps of the remainder of the project are in House Document No. 215, Seventieth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-For re- port on agricultural possibilities of the Florida Everglades, see Sen- ate Document No. 85, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, adopting the existing project, provides that the State of Florida or other local interests shall contribute $2,000,000 toward the cost of the improvements, that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for the acquirement of any lands necessary for the purpose of this improvement, and agree to maintain all works and channels within the limits of the Everglades drainage district and to charge no tolls on any of these navigable waterways, and that whenever authorized by Congress the United States shall have the right to modify or improve any of these waterways and their appurtenant structures, and that the St. Lucie Canal, the Caloosahatchee Canal, and the other channels forming the proposed cross-State waterway shall be navigable waters of the United States and subject to the Federal laws for the protection of such waterways. 794 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The State legislature created a flood-control district known as the Okeechobee flood-control district, with a board of commissioners hav- ing conditional authority to issue bonds for the purpose of complying with the conditions of local cooperation. The bond issue has not yet been validated by the Supreme Court of the State of Florida. Terminal facilities.-In the vicinity of Fort Myers on the Caloosa- hatchee River these consist of 3 freight piers, 1 railroad terminal pier, 1 municipal recreation pier, and 4 privately owned piers. The three freight piers, having a berthing space of about 1,000 feet, are open to the public; one has a railroad spur to a packing house on the outer end; all are connected with the city streets. There are numerous small wooden-pile landings along the upper Caloosahatchee River, along the lake shore, in St. Lucie Canal, and St. Lucie River, includ- ing one railroad terminal pier at Stuart. The facilities are adequate for present needs. (For a full description of terminal facilities on Caloosahatchee River see H: Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement. The improvement at the entrance and in the lower Caloosahatchee River has made it possible for coastwise vessels of moderate draft to reach Fort Myers. The improvement of the upper river has made irregular service possible between Fort Myers and Moorehaven and the several settlements between those towns. It has also made possible navigation across the lower portion of the State. The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad crosses the Caloosa- hatchee River at three points-about 5 miles and 48 miles above Fort Myers and at Moorehaven. The Seaboard Air Line Railroad crosses at Fort Myers, with extensions west to Punta Rasa and east to La Belle. The Seaboard Air Line Railroad crosses St. Lucie Canal at Indiantown and the Florida East Coast Railway crosses the canal at Port Mayaca and the St. Lucie River at Stuart. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done in connection with the Lake Okeechobee drainage area feature of the project. Maintenance dredging with the U. S. dredge Sarasota in the 10-foot channel leading from Punta Rasa to Fort Myers began December 11, 1929. Operations ceased on April 21, 1930. The total length of shoals dredged was 17,910 feet, and a total of 169,574 cubic yards of soft material was removed. Full project depth of 10 feet with over- depth ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 feet was obtained. The total cost was $33,790.38, all of which was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $33,835.71. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 1/4 per cent completed. The work to be done to complete the project as authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, involves: (a) The improvement of the Caloosahatchee River and Canal from Lake Okeechobee to the Gulf of Mexico by straightening and by dredging a channel which will provide a discharge outlet capacity of 2,500 cubic feet per second from Lake Okeechobee and a navigation channel at least 6 feet deep and 80 feet wide, including necessary control works. (b) Dredging Taylors Creek to provide a channel 6 feet deep and 60 feet wide from Okeechobee City into Lake Okeechobee. (c) The construction of a levee and a navigation channel 6 feet deep and 80 feet wide, following in general the south shore of the lake. (G) The construction of a levee on the north shore of the lake. (e) Dredging the St. Lucie River to provide a channel 6 feet deep and 80 feet wide. (f) Provision of suitable protection works in the St. Lucie Canal. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 795 The approximate controlling depths at low water are as follows: St. Lucie River 4 feet, St. Lucie Canal 6 feet, Lake Okeechobee 1.5 :feet, canal from Lake Okeechobee to the upper Caloosahatchee River 2 feet. The locks constructed by the State of Florida in the canal connecting Lake Okeechobee with the Caloosahatchee River are in a more or less inoperative condition. The controlling depth at mean low water at the enrtrance of the Caloosahatchee River to Punta Rasa is 12 feet and thence 10 feet to Fort Myers, 4 feet to Fort Denaud, and 2 feet to Fort Thompson. The total cost of the existing project has been $273,602.93, of which $119,502.89 was for new work and $154,100.04 for maintenance below Fort Myers. The total expendi- ture has been $273,585.15. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($2,297.09), will be applied to maintenance involved in miscellaneous expenses, surveys, and supervision of the project. It is expected the funds will be expended at intervals as required and will be exhausted on June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($613,500), will be applied to new work and maintenance, as follows: New work: For dredging in the St. Lucie River by contract or by hired labor, as found to be more advantageous, to provide a channel 6 feet deep and 80 feet wide -------------------------------- $25, 000 Construction, by contract, of protection works in the St. Lucie Canal-- ------------ ------------------------------- 175, 000 Construction, by contract, of approximately 31/2 miles of levee of standard cross section in South Bay section, including all costs involved------------- -------------------------------- 350, 000 Surveys, engineering, and contingencies________ ____ - - 50, 000 Total for new work------------ 6------------------ -600, 000 Maintenance: Operation and repair of the U. S. dredge Sarasota in channel below Fort Myers, 2 months, at $6,000 per month_-------------------_ 12, 000 Office expenses, surveys, and contingencies _________--_ 1, 500 Total for maintenance-------- ------------ __ -- 13, 500 Total for new work and maintenance____---- ------------- 613, 500 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 'consisted principally of building materials, cement, citrus fruits, fertilizer, fish, groceries, hay and feed, lumber, machinery, paper, petroleum products, shell, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 35,742 short tons, valued at $1,558,095. Of -this total, 11,072 short tons, valued at $1,007,838, was coastwise com- -merce; 4,610 short tons, valued at $398,980, was internal commerce; and 20,060 short tons, valued at $151,277, was local traffic. In addi- tion, 444 short tons, valued at $17,515, were cargoes in transit. As °compared with that of the preceding year, this is a decrease in total commerce of about 7 per cent due principally to a decrease of about '90 per cent in cargoes in transit. The coastwise commerce decreased about 11 per cent; the internal commerce increased over 63 per cent, .due to increased shipments of citrus fruits to Fort Myers; the local traffic increased less than 1 per cent. All of the coastwise commerce passed over the improvement below Fort Myers and was carried in :steamers and motor boats drawing from 5 to 8 feet. The balance of 796 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 the commerce, both above and below Fort Myers, was carried in motor boats and barges drawing from 2 to 6 feet. No lines of trans- portation were established or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Vessel traffic In transit Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925_-- _------------------------------ 74, 783 $5, 572, 013 _---------------------- 5, 996 1926- 79,541 3,733,642-_-.-1------- 2, 67T 1927_ -50,094 -------------- 3,042,406- ---- 6,606 1928_................................. 34, 698 1, 858, 805 4, 348 $180, 504 5, 308, 1929 ----------------------------------- 35, 742 1, 558, 095 444 17,,515 6, 764 Cost and financia summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_----------------------- $146, 952. 65 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------- 276, 236. 04 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------___ _ 423, 188. 69' Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930----------_______ __ 17. 7TS - Net total expenditures _________--____ - - ____-- - - 423, 170. 91 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 __----- ____-____-___ ___ 2, 297. 09 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 425, 468. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------------- Cost of maintenance-------------- __ -------------------------------- $4, 080.43 $3, 557. 50 $44, 286. 28 $25,675.00 ---$33, 790.38 Total expended_.-.--__----------- 4, 080.43 .---3, 557. 50 38, 733.68 31, 076.02 33, 835.71 Allotted----.....--.......................----------------------.. 15, 000.00 37,500.00 25,000.00 12,000.00 20, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-___________--_____ $16;, 132. 80 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Sept. 22, 1922--------------------- $5, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930---__--- ---------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929----------------------10, 000 00 20, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------------- 36, 132. 80 Gross amount expended_------------____--_______ _____ __ - 33, 835. 71 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ---- ________- - -__ 2, 297. 09 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 _-- ____ 1, 195. 41 Balance available June 30, 1930--------- -________1, 101.68 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - existing project 1 2- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7, 027, 000. 01 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work 1- -1 - - - - - - - -- - --- -- - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 600, 000. 00 Obr maintenance 13, 500. 00 Total 1- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 613, 500. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. ' In addition $2,000,000 is to be contributed by local interests. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 797 15. ORANGE RIVER, FLA. Location and description.-This river rises in the southwestern part of the peninsula of Florida and flows in a general northwesterly direction, emptying into the Caloosahatchee River about 6 miles above Fort Myers. Its total length is somewhat over 6 miles. The stream is tidal and drains an area of about 115 square miles. Its width varies from 40 to 90 feet. Original ondition.-The river was obstructed by snags and over- hanging trees and by nine shoals, consisting of sand and mud, with some bowlders and loose rock. The limiting depth over the shoals; was 21/2 feet. The usable width of the channel was about 30 feet. The head of navigation was the iron bridge at Buckingham, 5.7 miles: above the mouth. The length of the navigable portion of the river was 5.7 miles. Previousprojects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for securing and maintaining a continuous channel with a navigable depth of 4 feet at mean low water and a width of 50 feet from the mouth of the river to the head of navigation at Buckingham, by dredging and the removal of snags and overhanging trees. The length of the section included in the project is 5.7 miles. The mean range of tide is about 0.8 foot at the mouth and 0.5 foot at the head of navigation at low-river stage. The extreme range is about 1.3 feet at the mouth and 0.8 foot at the head of navigation. Flood conditions raise the water level about 1.5 feet at the head of navigation and about 1 foot at the mouth. Strong westerly winds raise the water level about 1 foot and strong easterly winds lower the water level about 0.7 foot. The estimate of cost for new work was $2,500. The latest (1928) approved estimate for an- nual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. (H. Doc. No. 318, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) No map of the river has been published. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Several small landing platforms have been built near the packing houses along the banks. Effect of improvernent.-The improvement affords an economical and convenient avenue of transportation for supplies and produce of the tributary territory and has contributed to the development of the country along its banks. The Seaboard Air Line Railroad crosses the river about 21/2 miles above the mouth. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1903, at a saving of $500 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth is 4 feet at mean low water from the mouth to a point about 2 miles below Buckingham, thence 3 feet to Buckingham. The upper portion is badly obstructed by fallen trees and naviga- tion there, except by small boats, is difficult. Practically no naviga- tion has existed in the upper portion of the river in recent years. The total cost of existing project has been $9,921.29, of which $2,000 was for new work and $7,921.29 was for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $9,921.29. 798 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($178.63), will be applied to office work, surveys, and miscellaneous expenses in connection with the supervision of the project. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for the reason that the commerce being carried on the waterway is not sufficient to justify further expenditure at the pres- ent time. Comomercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of citrus fruits. The tonnage for the year amounted to 600 short tons, valued at $48,000. No commerce moved over the water- way during the preceding two years. One line of transportation was established during the year. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925-.........-------------------- 2, 149 $167, 258 1928- -------------------- None. 1926..............--------------------- 3, 000 180, 980 1929........-------.............. ------------- 600 $48,000 ...... 1927. -------------------- None. . Cost arad financia summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 _.--------------------------- $2, .0000 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-----------------------------7, 921.29 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ______-___ -9, 921.29 Net total expenditures 9-----_------------------ 9, 921.29 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------------- 178. 63 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_____________-10,099. 92 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work... Cost of maintenance-----------------............... $1, 821. 29 ----------- Total expended.-------. -. ---.. -. --. ---- _ ...... 1, 824.92 ------------ -$3. 63 --- Total expended.. Allotted.......................... 2, 000.00 -$0.08 . 1 Reduced $3.63 on account of cost adjustment, 1929. Balance unexpended July 1, 1929___ ___________________ ______ $178.63 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------------------178. 63 16. CHARLOTTE HARBOR, FLA. Location and description.-CharlotteHarbor is a large bay on the west coast of Florida. The entrance is 70 miles south of the entrance to Tampa Bay and 150 miles north of Key West. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 474 and 1255.) From the entrance the harbor extends in an easterly direction about 11 miles, thence northwardly about 11 miles. Peace Creek enters at the head of the harbor. About 2 miles up Peace Creek is located the town of Punta Gorda. The general width of the harbor is 5 to 51/2 miles. The total area is about 111 square miles. Ori.qinal condition.-The depth at the entrance was 24 feet, except on the bar, where the minimum usable depth was 19 feet at mean low water. From the anchorage to the mouth of Peace Creek there was RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 799 a channel 15 feet deep, except at shoals 6 to 10 miles from the entrance, where the available depth was 9 feet. From the mouth of Peace Creek to the wharves at Punta Gorda the limiting depth was 8 to 10 feet. Previous projects.-Improvement of Charlotte Harbor and Peace Creek was undertaken by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. A project for the improvement of the inside passage from Charlotte Harbor to Punta Rasa (Pine Island Sound) was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The cost and expendi- ture on these projects were $100,000 for Charlotte Harbor and Peace Creek and $6,000 for the inside passage, all for new work. For further details of previous project see page 1828 of Annual Report for 1915, and page 291 of Annual Report for 1904. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 27 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide, increased to 500 feet wide at the bend, from the Gulf of Mexico to South Boca Grande, just inside the entrance, thence 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide from deep water at Boca Grande to the end of the municipal terminal at Maud Street, Punta Gorda, with a turning basin 200 feet square at the outer end of the terminal. The mean range of tide is 1.2 feet at South Boca Grande and 1.4 feet at Punta Gorda. The extreme range is about 2 feet. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level about 11/2 feet. Strong northerly and easterly winds lower the water level about 1 foot. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects, is $108,500. The latest (1930) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $29,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 699, 62d Cong., 2d sess.), provided for a depth of 24 feet at the entrance; the act of March 3, 1925 (H. Doc. No. 113, 66th Cong., 1st sess.), provided for the 27-foot depth at the entrance; and the act of July 3, 1930 (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 1, 70th Cong., 1st sess.), provided for the 10-foot depth to Punta Gorda. The latest published maps are in House Documents Nos. 113, Sixty-sixth Congress, first session, and 657, Sixty-eighth Congress, second session, and Rivers and Harbors Committee Document No. 1, Seventieth Congress, first session. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, imposed the condition that local interests contribute one-half of the estimated original cost of the proposed improvement. The required contribution of $20,000 was deposited by the Charlotte Harbor & Northern Railway interests with the United States Subtreasury at New York on October 22, 1912, and became available for expenditure on October 26, 1912. The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, provides that local interests shall give satisfactory assurances to the Secretary of War that a suitable terminal with railroad connections will be constructed under plans to be approved by the Chief of Engineers. Terminal facilities.-These consist of a phosphate wharf at South Boca Grande and a municipal earth fill pier in steel sheet piling (completed in 1929) about 850 feet long at Punta Gorda. The for- 11714--ENG 1930-----51 800 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMVIY, 1930 mer has a berthing space of 250 feet for vessels of 27 feet or less draft and a phosphate storage shed on shore, capacity 10,000 tons, with mechanical apparatus for loading vessels. The Seaboard Air Line Railway track extends about halfway out on the wharf. The pier at Punta Gorda has freight transfer shed and railroad and highway connection, with berthing space of about 700 feet for ves- sels drawing 8 to 10 feet. The facilities at South Boca Grande are inadequate for the needs of the present commerce and plans are said to have been completed for an additional wharf with loading equipment which would double the present capacity. Both wharves are open to the public. (For full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doec. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement of the entrance has en- abled deep-draft ships to enter the harbor and has assisted the deve- opment of a large export trade in phosphate by this route. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The total ex- penditure was $1,952.64 for liabilities incurred during the preceding year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 74 per cent completed. The controlling depth through the bar cuts is 27 feet, but some shoaling has taken place along the sides of these cuts. The controlling depth in the channel from South Boca Grande to the municipal pier at Punta Gorda is 10 feet. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists in providing a channel 100 feet wide and 10 feet deep from deep water at Boca Grande to the municipal pier at Punta Gorda, including a turning basin 200 feet square at outer end of this pier, this work being authorized by the river and harbor act approved July 3 1930. The total cost of the existing project has been $321,299.76, of which $80,054.26 was for new work and $235,245.50 was for maintenance. The total expendi- ture has been $321,052.79. In addition, $15,562.78 was expended for new work from funds contributed by local interests. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($681.75) will be applied to maintenance involving the supervision of the project and surveys as required. It is expected that the avail- able funds will be expended at a fairly uniform rate and will be exhausted on June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($45,000) will be applied to maintenance as follows: Operation on the bar cut of a suitable type of Government-owned hopper dredge, 2 months, at $21,000 per month----------------- $42, 000 Office expenses, surveys, and contingencies _----------- ------- 3, 000 Total for maintenance------------------------ ------ 45, 000 The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of fish, groceries, hides and skins, machinery, manufactured iron and steel, petroleum products, and phosphate rock. The tonnage for the year amounted to 428,935 short tons, valued at $4,085,601. Of this total, 113,177 short tons, valued at $905,416 was foreign commerce; 307,359 short tons, valued at $2,983,- 625, was coastwise commerce, and 3,399 short tons, valued at $196, RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 801 560, was local traffic. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is a decrease in total tonnage of over 13 per cent, due to reduced coastwise shipments of phosphate rock and termination of the local shell traffic. The foreign and coastwise shipments of phosphate rock during the year constituted over 98 per cent of the total tonnage. The foreign commerce, which was entirely exports of phosphate rock, increased nearly 14 per cent; the coastwise commerce decreased over 12 per cent; the local traffic decreased nearly 91 per cent. About 99 per cent of the commerce used the improved channel over the bar, of which about 98 per cent was carried in steamers drawing from 13 to 27 feet and about 1 per cent in motor boats drawing fronm 5 to 8 feet. The balance of the commerce was carried in motor boats drawing from 2 to 5 feet. No lines of transportation were estab- lished or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement General freight General freight Year Passengers Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925.......... 371, 376 $3, 273, 012 1, 200 1928.......... 487, 704 $4, 266, 693 500 1926.......... 353, 800 3, 487, 304 1, 500 - 1929---...... 423, 935 4, 085, 601 1, 654 1927.......... 430, 355 3,994, 881 300 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $192, 054. 29 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 235, 245. 50 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 427, 299. 7. Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930- ___-___--_ - _ 246. 97 Net total expenditures-__- -- ______----_____ __- -- __ 427, 052. 79 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930- __-__-------------------- 681. 75 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------- 427, 734. 54 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..-------------------------- $80,000.00 Cost of maintenance.... _---_--__--- $39, 703. 67 19, 239. 50 $218.38 r$I21,578.42 I Total cost.---.___ ______________-___ 39,703.67 99, 239. 50 218.38 121, 578. 42 ---------- Total expended_______________________ 39,703. 67 99,239.50 375.15 107,473.09 $1, 952. 64 Allotted---........---------------------............. 80, 000.00--------- 60,00 51,000. 00 -7, 000.00 xIncludes $70,863.23 for repairs and settlement of "Rental Funmd dredge Dan C. Kingman for work done during 1926 and 1927. Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------------- $9, 634. 39 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-------------- --- 7,;000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for--------------- 2, 634. 39 Gross amount expended-----_ -__. ------------------- 1,952. 64 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_. .______________ 681. 75 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing, project ---- --------- 22, 500. 0 Amount that: can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, = 1932, for maintenance'.--------- -------- ------ 45, 000. 0 SExclusive of available funds. 802 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY,s 1930 17. SARASOTA BAY, FLA. Location and description.-SarasotaBay is a shallow sound on the west coast of the peninsula of Florida, separated from the Gulf of Mexico by a chain of low sand keys. At its northern end it con- nects with the southern extremity of Tampa Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1256.) The improvement includes Little Sarasota Bay, a smaller sound immediately to the southward. Sarasota Bay is about 20 miles long and from one-half to 3 miles wide. Little Sarasota Bay is about 10 miles long and from 300 feet to three-quarters mile wide. It is connected with Sarasota Bay by a narrow waterway about 3 miles in length, known as The Mangroves. Original condition.-The natural depths in Sarasota Bay varied from 4 to 12 feet, and in Little Sarasota Bay from 1 to 5 feet. The entire waterway was obstructed by oyster bars, sand flats, and some bowlders. The minimum usable depth in the channel in Sarasota Bay was 5 feet at mean low water, except in two reaches aggregating 5,400 feet in length, where the depth was from 3.5 to 4.3 feet. In Little Sarasota Bay the usual depth was not over 1 or 2 feet, while the bed of the waterways between the two bays was bare except at high tide. Previous projects.-A project for deepening the channel from Tampa Bay to Sarasota was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. It was extended by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, to Venice Inlet (Caseys Pass), and by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, to Venice. The cost and expenditures on these projects were $125,000.50, of which $75,854.45 was for new work and $49,146.05 for maintenance. For further details of pre- vious projects see page 776 of Annual Report for 1918. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 7 feet deep at mean low water from Tampa Bay through Sarasota Bay to Sarasota by way of Bulkhead Cut and Cortez Cut, to Long- boat Inlet, and thence through Long Key Cut; and thence 75 feet wide and 3 feet deep at mean low water through Little Sarasota Bay to Venice, by dredging through shoals. The length of the sec- tion covered by the project is 38 miles. The mean tidal range is 1.5 feet. The extreme range is 2 feet. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level about 1 foot. Strong northerly winds lower the water level about 1.5 feet. Northerly winds prevail during the winter months and southerly winds during the summer months. The water level is usually lower in the winter than at other times. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1925, is $193,500, exclu- sive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 844, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Loca ecooperation.-None required by law. The city of Sarasota has constructed an island for use as a terminal in Sarasota Bay and has connected it with the Gulf by a 22-foot channel through New Pass and with Payne Terminals in the city by a 10-foot channel across the bay. A turning basin has been provided at each terminal. RIVERS AND HARBORS--JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 803 Terminal facilities.-These consist of 1 municipal concrete pier, 1 railway pier, 1 freight wharf, and 10 privately owned boat land- ings. The municipal pier and the freight wharf are open to the public and have a combined frontage of 1,200 feet; the railway pier is used mainly for storing private Pullman cars and occasionally for transshipment of lumber and building material to near-by keys. A marginal dock, 500 feet long, has been constructed along the termi- nal island mentioned in above paragraph. Storage sheds will be built on this island as needed in the future. The extension of the wharf and railroad track at Payne Terminals is also contemplated. The facilities are adequate for the present needs. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). Effect of imrprovement.--This improvement has contributed mate- rially to the development of the Sarasota Bay region by making a regular transportation service possible and by reducing the cost of transportation to the markets. The entrance of the railroads into this territory has lessened somewhat the importance of the water routes. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging operations with the U. S. dredge Sarasota began in Long Beach cut, in Sarasota Bay, on September 4, 1929. This work continued through the several dredged cuts in Sarasota Bay until November 26, 1929, when the plant proceeded to the Caloosahatchee River. The total material dredged amounted to 69,120 cubic yards. The dredge advanced 9,645 linear feet. The cost of this maintenance work was $16,451.05. Maintenance dredging with the U. S. dredge Sarasota in the 3-foot channel in Little Sarasota Bay was begun on June 6, 1930, and was in progress at the end of the fiscal year. The total length of the shoals dredged was 4,895 feet, and 27,127 cubic yards of material were removed. The total material removed amounted to 96,247 cubic yards. The cost was $6,753.02, all of which was for maintenance. The total cost was $23,204.07. The total expenditure was $13,478.38. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 86 per cent completed. In Little Sarasota Bay channels 4 feet deep and from 50 to 75 feet wide have been dredged. The controlling depth at mean low water is 61/2 feet from Tampa Bay to Sarasota and 21/ feet to Venice. At extreme low tides of winter the depths are reduced 11/2 feet. The work remaining is the widening of the channel in Little Sarasota Bay. For that portion of the harbor dredged by the city of Sarasota the controlling depth in the entrance channel at New Pass is 12 feet. Very little shoaling has occurred in the channel in the bay and the channel leading to Payne Terminals has a depth of 9 feet at mean low water. The total cost of the existing project has been $200,411.89, of which $139,686.46 was for new work and $60,725.43 was for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $234,807.85. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($10,- 691.65), will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Operation of U. S. dredge Sarasota in Little Sarasota Bay, 11/2 months, at $6,000 per month__ $9, 000. 00 Office expenses and contingencies-- ------ -- - 1, 691.65 Total for maintenance-- - __ - -- -- 10, 691. 65 804 REPORT OF CHIE OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 It is expected that dredging will begin in July, 1930, and that all available funds will be exhausted on June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($9,000), will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Operation and repair of U. S. dredge Sarasota, 11/4 months, at $6,000 per month $7, 500 Office expenses, surveys, and contingencies---------------------- 1, 500 Total for maintenance ------------------------------- 9, 000 The funds for maintenance and dredging are greater than the aver- age for the preceding five years because better maintenance is contem- plated. No additional funds can be profitably expended for new work for the reason that rock excavation is required at a cost not justified by the limited commerce. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of building materials, fish, groceries, ice, ma- chinery, paper, poultry and poultry products, petroleum products, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 12,522 short tons, valued at' $1,538,213. Of this total, 10,377 short tons, valued at $1,390,863, was coastwise commerce, and 2,145 short tons, valued at $147,350, was internal commerce. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is a decrease in total tonnage of over 13 per cent, due to the termination of the internal traffic in rock, which item constituted nearly 36 per cent of the total commerce of the pre- ceding year. The coastwise commerce increased over 51 per cent, due to generally increased receipts and shipments of all commodi- ties. The internal commerce decreased about 72 per cent, due to loss of the former business in south-bound rock. Of the total com- merce reported, about 17 per cent, consisting of fish and ice, used the channel in Little Sarasota Bay and was carried in motor boats drawing from 11/2 to 3 feet. The remaining 83 per cent used the new channel and was carried in steamers and motor boats drawing from 4 to 9 feet. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925 ...... __ 15, 961 $1, 587, 439 3, 348 1928 _ ... 14, 498 $611, 408 500 -- 20,673 1926 ------....... 408,150 _ 1929___------ 12, 522 1, 538, 213 1, 654 1927 . - --..... 4, 866 565, 460 .. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ -------------------------- _ $21'5, 540. 91 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--1-----------------------09, 871. 48 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 325, 412. 39 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930-------------- 38, 477. 17 Net total cost to June 30, 1930------------------------- 363, 889. 56 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-_ -------------- - 4, 081. 21 Net total expenditures__--------- ------------------- 359, 808. 35 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ------- ------- 10, 691. 65 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------- - 370, 500. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 805 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.........-------.------------------------ $1,000.00 ---------- ------------------ Cost of maintenance......$--------------------- 281.27 1 33, 691, 85 2 $3, 135. 44 ....---------- $23, 204. 07 Total'cost.,------------------------- 281. 27 34, 691. 85 3, 135. 44 ..-----------. 23, 204.07 Total expended ............------------------------- 281.27 34, 691. 85 246. 55 $413. 77 13, 478. 38 Allotted----------------- 26, 000. 00 ------------ 12, 000. 00 7, 000. 00 account of cost adjustment, 1928, for previous year. 1 Increased $2,331.01 2Reduced $3.79 cost adjustment during 1929. Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ------ ---- $17, 170.03 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------------------------------- 10,000.00 Amount to be accounted for--_ ----------------- 27, 170. 03 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment ____------__ 3, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for_-_______---------- 24, 170. 03 Gross amount expended ---------- 13, 478. 38 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_ ________--------- 10, 691. 65 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---------------------------3, 212. 20 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------ 7, 479. 45 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 8 ________________________________ ____ 53, 800. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance - - - - - - - - - 9, 000. 00 18. MANATEE RIVER, FLA. Location and description.-This river rises in the western part of the peninsula of Florida and flows westwardly, emptying into Tampa Bay at its southern end and near the entrance. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 586.) Its total length is about 45 miles. For the first 12 miles above the mouth the river is a tidal estuary from one-half to 1 mile in width. From the head of this estuary to Rye, 22 miles above the mouth, the width decreases from about 600 feet to about 80 feet. The river is tidal as far as Rye (22 miles). Above Rye the fall is slight and the current is moderate, and the width between banks decreases to 40 feet at Mitchellville, about 2 miles above Rye, and to 25 feet about one-half mile above Mitchellville. The drainage area is about 436 square miles. Original condition.-The depth over the bar at the entrance was from 7 to 8 feet at mean low water. Inside the estuary the general depths varied from 7 to 20 feet to as little as 3 feet near the upper end. Above the estuary the depths ranged from 11/2 to 14 feet. The limiting depths were 7 to 8 feet over the bar; 6 to 7 feet to Palmetto, 51/2 miles above the mouth; 3 to 5 feet to Manatee, 71/4 miles above the mouth; and 11/2 feet to Rye, 22 miles above the mouth. The head of navigation was the bridge at Mitchellville, 2 miles above Rye, and the length of the navigable portion was 24 miles. Previous project.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 13 feet deep at mean low water from Tampa Bay by Shaws Point to SExclusive of available funds. 806 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 McNeills Point (4 miles), 100 feet wide and 9 feet deep at mean low water to Rocky Bluff (8 miles), and 75 feet wide and 4 feet deep to Mitchellville Bridge (113/4 miles), with a cut-off 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep from the river 2 miles above its mouth, into Terra Ceia Bay by dredging. The length of the section included in the project is 233/4 miles in the river and 0.66 mile in Terra Ceia cut-off. The mean range of tide is 1.6 feet at the mouth of the river, 1.3 feet at Rocky Bluff,,and at low riveN stage the tide is perceptible at Rye. The extreme range is 2 feet at the mouth, 1.6 feet at Rocky Bluff, and 0.3 foot at Rye. Flood stage of the upper river causes the water to rise about 4 feet at Rye and 1.5 feet at Rocky Bluff, but has no appreciable effect in the lower portion of the river. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level in the lower river about 1 foot. Strong northerly and easterly winds lower the water level about 11/2 feet in the estuary below Rocky Bluff. The approved estimate of cost of new work is, revised in 1916, $137,710. The latest (1915) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted in part by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, which provided for the improvement from Tampa Bay to McNeills Point. (Annual Report for 1882, p. 1319.) It was modified by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, which provided for a cut-off into Terra Ceia Bay. It was further modified by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, which extended the improvement to Rye. (H. Doc. No. 117, 58th Cong., 2d sess.) The river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, fixes the upper limit of the improvement at the Mitchellville Bridge. The latest published map is in Rivers and Harbors Committee Document No. 2, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of four freight piers having a total frontage of 1,225 feet, and without railway connections. The facilities are adequate for the present needs and are open to the public. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made possible the establishment of daily boat service between lower Manatee River points and St. Petersburg and Tampa, and the improvement to Rye gives an outlet to the products of the upper valley. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 90 per cent com- pleted, the greater part of the work having been completed during the calendar year 1915. Channels of project dimensions have been dredged as contemplated except for about 200 feet on the outer bar, where the depth obtained is from 0.5 to 1 foot less than project depth. To complete the project a small amount of rock found at depth of from 12 to 12.5 feet must be removed from the cut at the entrance, but this is not pressing and will be deferred. Shoaling generally occurs during the rainy seasons, when at times the low banks are overflowed and maintenance dredging will be needed. The controlling depths at mean low water are 12 feet to McNeills Point, 8 feet to Rocky Bluff, 3 feet to Rye, and 6 feet through the Terra RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 807 Ceia cut-off. The total cost of the existing project has been $205,052, of which $123,349.56 was for new work and $81,702.44 was for main- tenance. The total expenditure has been $205,052. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for the reason that the commerce being carried on the waterway is not sufficient to justify further expenditure at the present time. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of fish, petroleum products, and shell. The tonnage for the year amounted to 44,060 short tons, valued at $254,175. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is a decrease in total tonnage of over 26 per cent, due principally to reduced receipts of oils and shell. No shipments are made over the waterway. About 65 per cent of the commerce passed over the river below Bradenton and was benefited by the improvement, being carried in motor boats and barges draw- ing from 5 to 8 feet. The balance of the commerce was carried in motor boats and barges drawing from 2 to 41/2 feet. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925-..---......- 168, 094 $1, 831,414 20, 600 1928-...-...-. 59, 927 $334, 148 1 5, 000 1926---------- 65, 502 294, 160 14, 500 1929---------........ 44, 060 254,175 1 5, 000 1927.......... 60, 928 249, 308 1 4, 800 1Estimated. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930- -_---_------------------ $123, 349. 56 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 193011111111111111 81, 702. 44 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930___________ 205, 052. 00 Net total expenditures----------------------- 205, 052. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------ 205, 052. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-...........----------------- Cost of maintenance. . . .---------- ---- --- --------- - . ------------------- Total expended... .....---- . ------------... . -.. .-- .-- . -------------- ------------ -------- Allotted.... Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-------__ --------------------------------- $14, 400.00 19. TAMPA HARBOR, FLA. Location and description.--This harbor is a large natural indenta- tion of the Gulf of Mexico approximately midway of the western coast of the peninsula of Florida. The entrance is about 220 miles north of Key West, about 330 miles from Pensacola; 360 miles from 808 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Mobile, and 512 miles from New Orleans. Its form is roughly that of a Y, of which Tampa Bay (proper) constitutes the stem, old Tampa Bay the upper left branch, and Hillsboro Bay, into which flows the Hillsboro River, the upper right branch. The tongue be- tween the two branches is the Interbay Peninsula, terminating in Gadsden Point. Tampa Bay (proper) varies from 7 to 10 miles in width and has two main entrances from the Gulf of Mexico-the main (Egmont) channel, five-eights of a mile wide between the 18-foot depth lines, and the southwest channel, one-quarter of a mile wide between the 18-foot depth lines. Old Tampa Bay is about 13 miles long and from 2 to 6 miles wide, and its natural depth was 1 to 36 feet. Hillsboro Bay is about 9 miles long and 41/2 miles wide. The natural depth varies from about 14 feet at the entrance to 16 or 18 feet through the central portion, diminishing to 5 or 6 feet near its head at the mouth of the Hillsboro River. The latter rises in the western part of the peninsula of Florida and flows in a southwesterly direc- tion to Hillsboro Bay. Its total length is about 51 miles, of which the lower 10 miles up to the dam of the Tampa Electric Co. is tidal. The width is from 300 to 500 feet below the Lafayette Street Bridge and thence averages 125 feet to Sulphur Springs, 8 miles above the mouth, and thence about 100 feet to the dam. Above this dam the river is narrow, crooked, and obstructed, with a maximum width of 125 feet, though the average width is considerably less. From the head of the river to the dam (41 miles) the fall is 31 feet and thence to the mouth it is 3 feet. The drainage area of the river is approx- imately 260 square miles and the fresh-water discharge, largely from springs, is about 500 cubic feet per second. The city of Tampa lies at the head of Hillsboro Bay, Port Tampa lies at the southwest corner of Interbay Peninsula, and St. Petersburg lies near the south- ern end of Pinellas Peninsula, on the west side of Tampa Bay (proper). (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 586 and 587.) Original condition.-In Tampa Bay (proper) the greatest natural depths varied from 21 to 36 feet, with 21 to 38 feet in a large an- chorage area south of Interbay Peninsula. A draft of 20 to 21 feet could be carried at mean low water from the Gulf of Mexico to the deep water south of Interbay Peninsula and 15 feet over the shoals in old Tampa Bay. Vessels drawing 12 feet could enter Hillsboro Bay at low water, but the minimum usuable depth in the upper part of the bay was 5 feet at mean low water in a narrow, curving chan- nel leading to the mouth of the Hillsboro River. The latter was obstructed by bars, the limiting depth being about 5 feet at mean low water. Beginning at the mouth and continuing to a point a short distance above the site of the Lafayette Street Bridge the river was 12 to 14 feet deep; to Sulphur Springs the limiting depth over the shoals was about 6 feet, and then it decreased rapidly to 3 feet at the Tampa Electric Co.'s dam, which was the head of navigation. Previousprojects.-ForTampa Bay: The first project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. Work under this project was confined to what is now called Hillsboro Bay and the mouth of the Hillsboro River. A modification of this project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888. The amount RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 809 expended on these projects was $130,000, of which $50,000 was ex- pended in old Tampa Bay and $80,000 in Hillsboro Bay and the mouth of Hillsboro River. All of this expenditure was for new work. For Tampa and Hillsboro Bays: A project for deepening the channel to the city of Tampa was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, under the title of "Improving Tampa Bay." A second project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. A third project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905. The amount expended on these projects was $740,157.70, of which $723,050.46 was for new work and $17,107.24 was for maintenance. In addition, $80,000 was spent for new work in Hillsboro Bay, which was appropriated under the head of "Tampa Bay," and is included in the expenditure reported under that head. The total expenditure above reported includes $96,832.91 expended in Hillsboro River under the project of March 3, 1899. For Hillsboro River: The improvement of Hillsboro River was undertaken as part of the project for improving Tampa and Hills- boro Bays, adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. The funds applied to work under this project were appropriated under" the title of " Improving Tampa Bay " and the expenditures are reported under that head. For scope and details of above-mentioned previous projects see pages 1829, 1830, and 1831 of the Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a depth of 29 feet at mean low water on Egmont Bar, thence 27 feet deep to and in the several channels of Tampa Harbor, with widths of 500 feet on the bar, 300 feet in Tampa Bay, Ybor Channel (formerly Ybor Estuary), and Garrison Channel (formerly Hendry and Knight Channel), and Sparkman Channel (formerly Tampa Northern and Sparkman Bay Channels), and 200 feet in Hillsboro Channel and Seddon Channel (formerly Seddon Island Channel), with turning basins at the mouth of Hillsboro River and at the entrance to the estuary; for securing and maintaining by dredging a channel 2,400 feet long and 200 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water in Hillsboro River from a point 100 feet south of the Lafayette Street Bridge to the turning basin at the mouth of the river. The channel connecting Port Tampa with the channel from the Gulf of Mexico to Tampa is to be 26 feet deep with sufficient width. The mean range of tide is 1.9 feet at the lower end of the bay, 2 feet at Port Tampa, and 2.2 feet at Tampa. The extreme range is 2.5 feet at the lower end of the bay and at Port Tampa and 2.9 feet at Tampa. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level about 1.5 feet. Strong northerly winds, which usually occur in the winter months, lower the water level about 2 feet. The estimated cost for new work (revised in 1930) is $4,944,300. The latest (1930) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $75,000. The existing consolidated project is derived from the following detailed projects existing on the date of consolidation, viz: For Tampa Bay, project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 52, 55th Cong., 3d sess.), and modified by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, which fixed the dimen- 810 -REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1930 sions of the channel as 26 feet deep with sufficient width. The latest published map is in House Document No. 88, Fifty-fifth Congress, first session. For Tampa and Hillsboro Bays, project was authorized by the fol- lowing river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for channel 24 feet deep in Hillsboro Bay (H. Doc. No. 634, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the 27-foot depth from the Gulf of Mexico up to and in the several channels of Hillsboro Bay (H. Doc. No. 1345, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps are in House Document No. 634, Sixty-first Congress, second session; Annual Report for 1914, page 2130; and House Document No. 1345, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. For Hillsboro River, project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, under the title of " Improving Hillsboro Bay, Florida" (H. Doc. No. 545, 55th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest pub- lished map is in House Document No. 132, Sixty-third Congress, first session. The river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, authorized the consolidation of the above projects to form a single project for Tampa Harbor. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, provided for increasing the depth of Egmont Channel to 29 feet and the width of Sparkman Channel to 300 feet (H. Doc. No. 100, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). Recommended modiflcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-ForTampa Bay: The river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, imposed the condition that the dock company or coni- panies owning docks, wharves, or terminals at Tampa Bay should, by valid contract, agree that the wharfage charge at such terminals should be submitted to the Secretary of War and be subject to his approval. A schedule of such wharfage charges was submitted to the Secretary of War and was approved by him on October 26, 1906. In 1923 the Atlantic Land & Improvement Co., a subsidiary of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Co., did maintenance dredging in the Port Tampa Channel at a cost of $80,159.80. For Tampa and Hillsboro Bays: After the completion of the 20- foot project of March 3, 1905, a 20-foot channel, 300 feet wide and about 3,000 feet long, was dredged by private capital eastward along the water front from the turning basin. This work was completed in 1909 at a cost of about $95,000. This channel, known as Garrison Channel (formerly Hendry and Knight Channel), originally a pri- vate enterprise, has been of great value in the development of the port and was adopted as part of the 24-foot project of June 25, 1910, and is now under improvement by the United States. In 1907 the Tampa Northern Railroad Co. dredged a 20-foot chan- nel, 100 feet wide and 2,600 feet long, from the main channel to,its terminals on Hookers Point. This was primarily a private enter- prise, but the outer 50 feet of this channel for its entire length was also adopted as a part of the 24-foot project above mentioned. The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, adopting the project, imposed the following conditions: That no expenditure be made on that part of the harbor between the new turning basin and Ybor City until the Secretary of War is assured that the local municipality will construct wharves or slips having an available length not less than 1,400 feet, which shall be open for the use of the general public RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 811 under reasonable regulations and charges, and also that the municipality has obtained such control of the property for at least 700 feet on each side of the proposed Ybor Channel throughout its length as will insure its use primarily in the interest of general commerce on equal terms to all, and that all wharfage charges and regulations shall be reasonably and fully controlled by the munici- pal authorities and subject to the approval of the Secretary of War. In compliance with those conditions the city purchased 700 feet of frontage on each side of the Ybor Channel and secured from the property owners the required control of the property for 700 feet on each side of the estuary throughout its length. The evidence sub- mitted by the city was accepted by the Secretary of War on April 18, 1911. A plan of development of the estuary zone, submitted by the city, was approved by the Secretary of War on August 8, 1913, and revised plan, as described below, was approved June 10, 1919. The river and harbor act of August 8,'1917, in adopting the exist- ing 27-foot project, subject to the conditions set forth in House Document No. 1345, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session, provided :: That nothing in this act nor in the act approved June 25, 1910, entitled "'An act making appropriations for the construction, repair, and preservation of certain public works on rivers and harbors, and for other purposes," shall be so construed as to prevent the use of any part of the Ybor estuary zone for industrial or other legitimate purposes when the same is not needed for com- mercial uses, nor to exclude the building and operation of a railroad or rail- roads by private parties or railroad companies under such rules and regula- tions as the Secretary of War may prescribe, subject to the right of the city of Tampa to construct and operate a municipal railroad on said estuary zone as set forth in said report. The conditions in the House Document No. 1345 referred to were: That no work shall be done by the United States under such project until the city of Tampa shall have given assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War that the city of Tampa will within a reasonable time, and when in his opinion the facilities are needed, acquire full ownership and possession of sufficient land for the establishment of terminals fronting on the Ybor estuary; will complete the construction thereon of piers and slips in accordance with the plans for the development of the Ybor estuary zone heretofore approved by the Secretary of War, or such modified plans as he may approve; will build adequate ware- houses and storage sheds on these piers and equip them with suitable rail conr nections and freight-handling appliances; will construct and put in operation a municipal railroad having physical connection with all railroads entering the city of Tampa and serving the channel frontage on both sides of the estuary in accordance with the plan of development of the estuary zone approved by the Secretary of War; will open, pave, and make available for use a sufficient num- ber of streets and highways to give proper access to all parts of the estuary channel frontage; and will open these terminals for business under a schedule of reasonable wharfage charges and a set of regulations to be approved by the Secretary of War for the control and operation of the property fronting on the estuary channel, designed to insure its use primarily in the interests of general commerce on equal terms to all: And provided further, That no work shall be done in the channels constituting the harbor of Tampa proper until local inter- ests shall agree to provide, without cost to the United States or to, any con- tractor for the work, a suitable place for deposit of material dredged from these channels. On June 9, 1919, the Secretary of War approved a modified' plan of development submitted by the board of port commissioners of the city of Tampa, replacing the former plan approved August 8, 1913. This plan provides for the acquisition by the city of addi- tional land on the west side of the Ybor ChanrneI; the construction thereon of two piers and the dredging of a slip 250, feet wide and 925 feet long between said piers; rail connections to these piers and 812 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 the construction of streets in the area adjacent to both sides of the channel. This plan was considered sufficient for present commercial requirements, but not for the complete commercial development of Ybor Channel, and the approval of the plan was coupled with the proviso that it should not be construed as a waiver of any of the conditions imposed by Congress in the act of June 25, 1910, as modi- fied by the act of August 8, 1917, or of any condition of the bonds or other assurances already given to guarantee performance of the pro- visions 'of these acts, nor as an acceptance by the Secretary of War of the development now proposed as making sufficient provisions for the future needs of commerce. The city has acquired the land re- quired for the slip and piers on the west side of Ybor Channel; has dredged this slip to a depth of 27 feet at mean low water; has com- pleted the concrete piers on both sides of the slip and constructed a warehouse on the south pier with rail connections for both piers; and paved Thirteenth Street, Ella Mae Street, and Elliott Street leading to and connecting with the piers. The city has expended on this ter- minal to February, 1930, about $1,100,000. The city has also acquired 700 feet frontage on the easterly side of the channel and provided suitable places for depositing material dredged from the channel, as provided in House Document No. 1345. No improvements on the easterly side of the channel have been made. A schedule of wharfage charges and regulations has been approved by the Secre- tary of War. Terminal facilities.-At Tampa these consist of 21 wharves, of which the greater number are of the combined freight and passenger type, with a total water frontage of about 18,000 feet, and with rail- way and highway connections; all but 8 of the wharves are open to the public on payment of wharfage charges. Existing terminal facilities are adequate for the needs of commerce, but extensive addi- tional facilities are contemplated by local interests. The Kreiss Terminal Wharf of 530 feet frontage and a slip 250 feet wide and 700 feet long have been built. Wooden bulkheads have been built around the slip, but only the land along the south side has been completely filled and is now used for storage and lumber. Side- tracks from the Tampa Northern Railroad extend to the slip and to the head of the Kreiss Wharf. The Florida Portland Cement Co. controls about 1,300 feet of water front south of and adjacent to the Kreiss Terminal and a wharf 800 feet long has been constructed. The Sinclair Oil Co. has constructed a wharf south of and adjacent to the Florida Portland Cement Co. This wharf is about 130 feet long. The Tampa Union Terminal Co. has constructed a large cold- storage warehouse with a marginal wharf 650 feet long on the west side of Ybor Channel. Highway and railway connections are pro- vided. At Port Tampa terminal facilities consist of two combined freight and passenger piers which are open to the public and three oil trans- fer piers, affording total berthing space of 6,560 feet and having railway connections. The terminals are adequate for the present commerce and are open to the public upon the payment of published tariff charges. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA.2 DISTRICT 813 Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 8, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-By enabling deep-draft vessels to reach Tampa and Port Tampa the improvement has converted both of these cities into seaports for deep-draft ocean-going vessels and has opened advantageous routes for a large water-borne commerce in coal, phosphate, lumber, cement, petroleum products, and other com- modities. It has made Tampa the receiving and distributing center for a large area and has contributed largely to the development of middle and southern Florida. Operations and results duriing fiscal year.-The U. S. hopper dredge Absecon returned from Apalachicola on October 9, 1929. Maintenance dredging operations in cut K, Port Tampa Channel, began on October 11, 1929, and continued until November 30, 1929, when the dredge was assigned to the Point Pinellas Channel work pertaining to the harbor at St. Petersburg project. Maintenance dredging was resumed in cut G, Port Tampa Channel, on January 13, 1930, and continued until February 10, 1930. During the re- mainder of the year maintenance-dredging operations were con- ducted in Garrison and Seddon Channels and in cut C, Hillsboro Channel. Material amounting to a total of 800,997 cubic yards (bin measurement) was removed, itemized as follows: Port Tampa Chan- nel-Cut K, 213,705 cubic yards; cut G, 80,010 cubic yards; Garri- son Channel, 287,792 cubic yards; Seddon Channel, 39,930 cubic yards; Hillsboro Channel, cut C, 179,560 cubic yards. Full project depth, with overdepth ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 feet, was obtained in cut K, Port Tampa Channel, and Garrison Channel only. General supervision of the harbor was maintained and surveys as required in connection with the dredging operations were con- ducted throughout the year. The total cost was $83,708.67, all for maintenance. The total expenditure was $94,945.26. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 92 per cent completed. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists in deepening to 29 feet Egmont Bar Channel at the entrance to Tampa Bay and widening Sparkman Bay Channel to 300 feet, this work being authorized by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930. The controlling depths are 27 feet in Egmont Chan- nel, Tampa Bay Channel, Port Tampa Channel, Hillsboro Channel, Seddon Channel, Garrison Channel, and Ybor Channel, and 26 feet in Sparkman Channel. Shoaling has occurred along the edges of cut C, Hillsboro Channel; cut F, Tampa Bay Channel; and cuts G and J, Port Tampa Channel, and in the vicinity of the Port Tampa terminals. The Hillsboro River project was completed in 1905. The controlling depth is 10.5 at mean low water. The total cost of the work under the existing project has been $5,344,497.45, of which $4,548,377.21 was for new work and $796,- 120.24 was for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $5,655,123.14. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($118,790.71), will be applied to new work and maintenance, as follows: 814 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. Si ARMY, 1930 New work: Transfer of amount due on Standard American Dredg- ing Co.'s contract--------------------------------- ------ $10, 000. 00 Maintenance: Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Absecon throughout Tampa Harbor, as required, 6 months; at $13,000 per month -------- 78, 000. 00 Reimbursement Mississippi River Commission (Memphis dis- trict) for repairs executed to dredge Bamrnard_------------ 18, 034. 70 Office expenses, upkeep floating equipment, and contingencies__ 12, 756. 01 Total for maintenance 790. 71 1------------------------ -108, Total for new work and maintenance__ --------- 118, 790. 71 It is expected that the dredging will be undertaken in October, 1930, and that all available funds will be exhausted on June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1932 ($247,000), will be applied to new work and main- tenance, as follows: New work: Operation of a United States hopper dredge 8 months, at $20,000 per month, deepening to 29 feet Egmont Channel at entrance to Tampa Bay- ---- _____--------------- $160, 000. 00 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies_-------------- 15, 000. 00 Total for new work --------------------------------- 175, 000. 00 Maintenance : Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Absecon throughout Tampa Harbor, as required, 5 months, at $13,000 per month-------- 65, 000. 00 Office expenses, upkeep of floating equipment, and contingen- cies ------------------------------------------------ 7, 000. 00 Total for maintenance -------------------------------- 72,000. 00 Total for new work and maintenance___ ----- __-247, 000. 00 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of canned foods, fertilizer and fertilizer in- greients, fruits, feed, groceries, lumber, marine products, petroleum products, phosphate, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 4,117,342 short tons, valued at $151,313,205. Of this total, 1,377,384 short tons, valued at $27,914,427, was foreign commerce; 2,191,498 short tons, valued at $71,000,747, was coastwise commerce; 158,559 short tons,, valued at $1,005,383, was local traffic; and 389,901 short tons, valued at $51,392,648, were cargoes in transit As compared with that of the preceding year this is an increase in total commerce of over 20 per cent, due principally to heavier re- ceipts of petroleum products, increased shipments of phosphate, and a large increase in the tonnage of the in-transit cargoes. The foreign commerce increased more than 23 per cent; the coastwise' commerce increased over 7 per cent; the local traffic increased about 15 per cent due to increased local receipts of marine products, and the cargoes in transit increased about 167 per cent. All of the traffic used the improved channel (48 per cent from Port Tampa and 52 per cent from Tampa), about 89 per cent being benefited by the full depth and being carried in steamers, motor boats, sailboats, and barges drawing from 16 to 26 feet. About 11 per cent of the total com- merce was carried in steamers, motor boats, sailboats, and barges drawing from 4 to 16 feet. No lines of transportation were estab- lished or abandoned during the year. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 815 Comparative statement General targo Cargoes in transit Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925_- ----------- .------- -------- 3, 476, 434 $92, 219. 760 86,431 $10, 282, 286 267, 693 1926.............................__ .... 3, 243, 897 136, 052,142 66, 605 5, 706, 049 210,111 1927 ...........----------------------------- 3, 373, 477 102, 034, 470 213, 446 32, 923, 367 27, 193 1928.._ . .----------------------------- 3, 285, 102 96, 141, 531 145, 496 20, 150, 770 14, 391 1929------------....................--------------. 3, 727, 441 99, 920, 557 389, 901 51, 392, 648 17, 379 Cost and fiancial summary _--------------$5, Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------- 401, 427. 67 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ ..-------.... ------ 813, 227. 48 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-- 6, 214, 655. 15 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930----------- 333, 934. 89 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ----------------- - 6, 548, 590. 04 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930- -------- ------ 6, 748. 10 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930---------_-- - - 6, 555, 338. 14 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930- ------------ 30,057. 30 Net total expenditures .----..-------- ___- 6, 525, 280.84 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 -_-._ _ _ 118, 790. 71 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 --- ----- 6, 644, 071. 5 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---....---.....-...---- $100, 505. 00 $47, 270. 07 ............ $2, 043. 15 ............ Cost of maintenance...---------..-..-.-- 194, 320. 27 148, 058. 77 $45, 305. 69 300,615. 88 $83,708. 67 Total cost-------.........--_..-.. . . - 294,825. 27 195, 328. 84 45, 305.69 1302,659. 03 83, 708. 67 Total expended__----...-.------.. --... -. 294, 825.27 195, 32 84 71, 083.68 274,659. 64 94, 945. 2& Allotted.--.......-...-......... .... . - 245,000. 00 152, 500.00 180,000.00 144, 614.79 101,000. 00 1Includes $114,457.44 for repairs and settlement of "rental fund" with the dredge Dan C. Kingman for work done during 1926 and 1927. Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ____ $112, 735. 97 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929 ----- __--- --------- $23, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930----------------- ----- 78, 000. 00 101, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_.. ____-. __-.__.______ 213, 735. 97 Gross amount expended _- __________ __-- __---- 94, 947. 36 Less receipts from sales__________------------------------ 2. 10 94, 945. 26 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ______________-- --- 118, 790. 71 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 --------------- 8, 170. 78 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts ------- __. 10,195. 00 18,365.78 Balance available June 30, 1930__ - -__-- -- 100, 424. 93 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930.-------------------------- 6, 748. 10 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930---------- 107, 173. 03 11714--ENG 1930-52 816 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - -- - - -- - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - - - existing project 2 $395, 940. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work ___________ _____ 175, 000. 00 - -- -- - - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - - For maintenance 2 72, 000. 00 Total 2 ----------------- 247, 000. 00 20. HARBOR AT ST. PETERSBURG, FLA. Location and description.-St. Petersburg is situated on the west shore of Tampa Bay, about 17 miles from the entrance to Tampa Bay, 21 miles from Tampa, and 83/4 miles from Port Tampa. The entrance to Tampa Bay, known as Egmont Channel, is on the west coast of Florida, about 200 miles north of Key West (see U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 587). The harbor consists of two artifi- cial basins. The inner one, known as Bayboro Harbor, was dredged by private interests about 1911, 1,360 feet long, 450 feet wide, and 14 feet deep, with a connecting channel to Tampa Bay 120 feet wide and 13 feet deep. The other basin, known as Port of St. Petersburg, and lying east of Bayboro Harbor, was dredged by the city of St. Peters- burg since 1924 to a depth of 21 feet or more, with a width of about 900 feet and length from 1,400 to 1,700 feet, and a channel 250 feet wide and 19 feet deep to that depth in Tampa Bay, a distance of about 1 mile. The material dredged from this basin and channel was used to fill in the land around the basin and form a breakwater with wooden-core wall protecting the basin on its eastern side. Original condition.-Bayboro Harbor basin had shoaled generally to 10 feet or less, with a least depth of 4 feet. The channel had nar- rowed to 75 feet, with a least depth of 9 feet. The shoaling had pro- gressed until the minimum usable depth into the basin was 31/2 feet at mean low water through a narrow channel. Previous projects.-The first project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, which provided for a 10-foot channel from Tampa Bay to Bayboro Harbor, protected on the south side by a stone jetty. (H. Doc. No. 512, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The act of August 8, 1917, modified the conditions of local cooperation, (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 6, 64th Cong., 2d sess.) The cost and expendi- tures on this project were $53,220.25, of which $32,688.62 was for new work and $20,531.63 was for maintenance. For further details of previous project see page 769 of Annual Report for 1929. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 250 feet wide, 19 feet deep, from that depth in Tampa Bay to the basin at the port of St. Petersburg, a distance of about 1 mile, and for a depth of 21 feet, 1,400 to 1,700 feet long and 900 feet wide, in the port of St. Peters- burg. The mean range of tide is 1.5 feet. The extreme range is 1.9 feet. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level about 1.5 feet. Strong northerly winds, which occur mostly during the winter months, lower the water level about 2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1928, is $45,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The gxisting project was adopted by the river and harbor 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 817 act of July 3, 1930. (S. Doc. No. 229, 70th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is in that document. The deficiency act of March 4, 1929, authorized the expenditure of :$17,000 for dredging a channel 16 feet deep and approximately 200 feet wide on the easterly side of Point Pinellas lighted beacon in a direction 3280 true, the westerly boundary of the channel to be dredged as close to the said beacon as practicable. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The initial work in Bayboro Harbor was done by a local corporation at its own expense, at a cost of about $90,000. .basin This work antedated the adoption of the project. The channel and known as the port of St. Petersburg and now the existing project was originally dredged by the city of St. Petersburg at a cost of about $824,000, including terminal facilities. The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, adopting the project, imposed the condition that local interests should do all necessary work inside the shore end of the jetty, including the widening of the basin 175 feet and rounding off the corner at the entrance and the maintenance of the basis to a depth of 10 feet at mean low water; and that the 600 feet to be reserved by the city for terminal purposes on the basin will be moved 300 feet farther northward, and the land along Salt Creek be reserved for future enlargements, the exact lines to be determined by the Chief of Engineers. In compliance with these conditions, the city purchased the neces- sary additional frontage on the east side of the basin and water lot No. 1 lying to the east and north of the dredged channel, and adopted a plan for present and future development thereon; pur- chased a right of way for a municipally owned railroad to reach its property; and completed dredging the basin. The lines and plans for future development were approved by the Chief of Engineers on May 15, 1913, and by the Secretary of War on May 16, 1913. Evi- dence of the purchase of the land and the adoption of the plan, with a bond guaranteeing its execution, were submitted to the Secretary of War and accepted by him on June 15, 1914. The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, amended the conditions of local cooperation so as to provide that it would be considered a sufficient compliance with the legal obligations of the city of St. Petersburg if by January 1, 1919, the city had (a) extended the wharf front on the proposed Pier No. 1 so as to have a total length of not less than 600 feet, (b) made rail connection to the wharf, (c) removed the island left in the basin. The extension of the wharf, the removal of the island, and rail connection to the wharf have been completed. Terminal facilities.-In Bayboro Harbor are 9 privately owned marginal wharves having length of 515 feet. The municipal electric railway connects with six of these wharves. A concrete municipal quay 800 feet long faces Bayboro Harbor along its northeast side and a spur of the municipal electric railway has been extended to this quay. A concrete wharf 1,500 feet long, constructed by the city of St. Petersburg, extends along the north side of the dredged basin known as the port of St. Petersburg. Two warehouses 50 by 200 818 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 feet and 100 by 300 feet, respectively, have been constructed on this wharf. The adjoining city streets have been extended and paved to afford access to the municipal wharves. The- city has expended about $824,000 for commercial harbor improvements. All water-borne commerce for St. Petersburg is now handled in Bayboro Harbor and the port of St. Petersburg, deeper-draft craft utilizing the latter. In front of the city are two yacht basins 8 feet and 12 feet deep, respectively, protected by concrete moles and having about 70 boat landings leased by the municipality to owners of yachts. One pri- vately owned wharf has railway connection. A concrete pier about 3,000 feet long (called the million-dollar recreation pier), provided with highway and street-railway facilities to the outer end, has been completed. The facilities are adequate for present needs. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The completion of BayboroE Harbor, the port of St. Petersburg, and the channels leading thereto has greatly increased the commerce by water. Coastwise steamships drawing 16 to 18 feet moor at the wharf at port of St. Petersburg and unload general cargoes. The Standard Oil Co. and Gulf Refining Co. have storage tanks, and several small marine railways and repair shops have been built in Bayboro Harbor. No direct effect on railroad rates has been reported. Operations and results during flcal year.-None. The cost of inspection amounting to $18.95 was charged to maintenance. The expenditure was minus $396.33. POINT PINELLAS CHANNEL All bids received on August 26, 1929, for the execution of the dredging of this channel were rejected as excessive and the U. S. hopper dredge Absecon began dredging in the Point Pinellas Channel adjacent to the lighted bea on on December 2, 1929, and ceased operations on January 11, 1930, due to the exhaustion of the available funds. Material amounting to 134,348 cubic yards (bin measurement) was removed. The total cost was $17,000, all for new work. The total expenditure was $17,000. The total costs during the year were $17,018.95, of which $17,000 was for new work and $18.95 was for maintenance. The expenditures were $16,603.67. Condition at end of fscal year.-An entrance channel 250 feet wide and 19 feet deep from Tampa Bay to the new city terminals, with a turning basin at the inner end, has been virtually completed by the city of St. Petersburg. The existing project provides for completing and maintaining the entrance channel as proposed, in- cluding a 21-foot depth in the turning basin adjacent to the quay. No work has been done on this project by the United States. The south edge of this channel coincides with the axis of the former 10-foot Government channel. The controlling depths are as follows: 17 feet in the entrance channel, 19 feet in the turning basin adjacent to the city terminals, and 10 feet from the entrance channel to and in Bayboro Harbor. No costs or expenditures have been incurred. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 819 POINT PINELLAS CHANNEL This channel is about 60 per cent completed. The work of the U. S. hopper dredge Absecon resulted in securing a channel 6,200 feet long and 200 feet wide, with a controlling depth of 14 feet at mean low water. To complete this channel will require the removal of approximately 75,000 cubic yards of material. The total cost of this new work has been $17,000. The total expenditure has been $17,000. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($412.45), will be applied to maintenance in connection with surveys :and supervision of the project. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. No funds are available for the Point Pinellas Lighted Beacon Channel for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931, and no work is proposed. Commercial statistics.--The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of fish ice, petroleum products, shell, and general mer- chandise. The freight tonnage for the year amounted to 42,298 short tons, valued at $1,371,148. Of this total, 26,648 short tons, valued at $1,284,248, was coastwise commerce, and 15,650 short tons, valued at $86,900, was local traffic. In addition, 77,775 short tons, valued at $17,493,750, were cargoes in transit. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is a decrease in freight tonnage of over 66 per cent due entirely to reduced local receipts of sand and shell. Of the total commerce reported, about 67 per cent (including the cargoes in transit) did not enter Bayboro Harbor, but used the docks along the channel in Tampa Bay and was carried in steamers drawing from 10 to 16 feet. The remaining 33 per cent of the commerce used the channel into Bayboro Harbor and was carried in motor boats and barges drawing from 3 to 9 feet. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement General freight Cargoes in transit Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925 . .-----------.--------------------- 897, 643 $11, 106, 624 13, 259 $1, 811, 897 259, 292 1926...-------------------------------- 757, 613 4, 227, 614 11, 678 1, 297, 529 40, 000 1927___ _.--.......____-------- - __ - 391,852 4,723,958 98,000 22, 050,000 140,000 1928_. __ _-----------------------117,020 1, 822, 787 95,000 21, 375, 000 33, 761 1929 ...............-.-.-.-.--------. 42, 298 1, 371, 148 77, 750 17, 493, 750 112, 500 1 Estimated. Cost and financial summwry Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------------------------ $49, 688. 62 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 _----------------------. 20, 531. 63 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------- 70, 220. 25 Net total expenditures7------------__-- -------- -- 0, 220.25 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930- .-------------- - 412. 45 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------- 70, 632. 70 820 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work......------------------------------------....---------------------............ $17,000.00 Cost of maintenance- .------ ------------ $1, 107. 54 $235. 34 $110. 07 ------------- 1. 95 Total cost----------- ------------ 1, 107. 54 235. 34 110. 07 ............ 17, 018.95 Total expended----...--------..-----------1, 107. 54 235. 34 110. 07 $415.28 16, 603. 67 Allotted.......------- ------------- -------------------- 14, 491. 79 .......------------ 17, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------------- $16. 12 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929----------------------------------------- 17, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for--- 016. 12 1-------------------------7 Gross amount expended- ----------------------------- 16, 603.67 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_------------------------ 412. 45 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ---------------- -------- 45, 000.00 21. CHANNEL FROM CLEARWATER HARBOR THROUGH BOCA CIEGA BAY TO TAMPA BAY, FLA. Location and description.-Clearwater Harbor and Boca Ciega Bay are sounds on the west coast of the peninsula of Florida, north of Tampa Bay, separated from the Gulf of Mexico by a chain of low sand keys. With the Narrows, which connects them, they form a part of the coastal waterway from Tampa Bay to St. Josephs Sound. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1257.) Boca Ciega Bay connects at its southern extremity with the lower part of Tampa Bay. It is from one-half to 3 miles wide and about 14 miles long with natural depths varying from 1 to 31 feet but generally about 5 to 9 feet. The Narrows is about 4 miles long and from 300 feet to a quarter of a mile in width, with depths varying from one-half foot to 6 feet or more. Clearwater Harbor is about 8 miles long and from one-half to 13/4 miles wide, with general depths of from 2 to 4 or 5 feet. Original condition.-The minimum usable depth through the waterway composed of Clearwater Harbor, the Narrows, and Boca Ciega Bay was 3 feet in Clearwater Harbor, one-half foot or less in the Narrows, and about 4 feet in Boca Ciega Bay. The channels were narrow and tortuous, winding between extensive sand flats. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 50 feet wide and 5 feet deep at mean low water from Clearwater Harbor to Boca Ciega Bay and through the upper part of said bay, thence 100 feet wide and 8 feet deep at mean low water to Tampa Bay. The length of the waterway covered by the project is 26 miles. The mean range of tide is about 1.8 feet. The extreme range is about 2.3 feet. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level about 1 foot. Strong northerly winds, which usually occur in the winter months, lower the water level about 1 /2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, was $101,200. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 821 The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for all except the 8-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 1190, 60th Cong., 2d sess.), and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the 8-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 135, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps are in these documents. Recommended modiflaotions of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of six wharves, used for freight and passengers, having a total berthing space of 540 feet. All have highway connections, the wharf at Gulfport having connections with the electric railway also. The facilities are ample for the needs of the locality and are open to the public. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has opened up a safe inside route between Tampa and points on Clearwater Harbor, Boca Ciega Bay, and Anclote anchorage, including Anclote River, and has shortened the distance from Tampa to Clearwater from 72 miles to 54 miles. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. dredge Sarasota began work in and adjacent to the channel for the purpose of closing Indian Pass on July 22, 1929. The pass was closed on July 25, 1929, and the fill strengthened by pumping up an embankment about 200 feet wide with a crest elevation at 6 to 8 feet above the plane of mean low water. The total quantity of material dredged was 59,830 cubic yards of sand and shell and 5,406 cubic yards of loose rock. Of this quantity, all the rock and 48 per cent of the soft material was used in closing up the pass and the balance used in building up the low shore south of the pass. Project depth and width were restored in the channel near the pass for a distance of 3,055 feet. The total cost was $16,052.89, all for maintenance. The total expenditure was $15,903.28. Condition at end of fiscal year.---The project was completed in 1920. The closing of Indian Pass has made the adjacent channel more stable, resulting in reduced maintenance dredging being re- quired at this reach of the improvement. The controlling depth at the entrance is 7 feet and in the upper bay 3 feet. The total cost has been $184,046.29, of which $105,877.01 was for new work and $78,169.28 was for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $184,056.29. Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($14,065.58), will be applied to maintenance as follows: Operation of U. S. dredge Sarasota for two months, at $6,000 per month----------------------------------------------------- $12, 000. 00 Office expenses, surveys, and contingencies ----. 2, 065. 58 Total for maintenance------------------------------------ 14, 065. 58 It is expected that dredging will begin in August, 1930, and that all available funds will be exhausted on June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($9,000), will be applied to maintenance as follows: Operation of U. S. dredge Sarasota, 1A months, at $6,000 per month .. $7, 500 Office expenses, surveys, and contingencies -- -------- ---------- 1, 500 Total for maintenance---- ---- -___-- - 9, 000 822 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The funds for maintenance dredging are greater than the average for the preceding five years because better maintenance is contem- plated. Commercial statistics.---The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of fish and ice. The tonnage for the year amounted to 1,787 short tons, valued at $183,680. As compared with that of the preceding year this is a decrease in total tonnage of nearly 80 per cent due to entire loss of the former coastwise business in sand, which item constituted over 75 per cent of the total commerce for the preceding year. The commerce reported used portions of the water- way for varying distances and was carried in motor boats drawing from 2 to 4 feet. No lines of transportation were established and none abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers .1925-...... . - 4, 165 $186, 676 8,000 1928-.-...-.. - 8, 200 $88, 150 11, 200 1926......---------- 22, 108 270,730 12,000 1929......... 1, 787 183, 680 1 600 1927--....... 70, 397 311,106 1 4, 000 1Estimated. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 $105, 877. 01 -Costof maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 78, 169. 28 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ----------- 184, 046. 29 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930__--------- 1-50. 36 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 184, 196. 65 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------- ----------- 140. 36 Net total expenditures ________ -__- 184, 056. 29 Unexpended -balance June 30, 1930 -.-.-.--------------- - 14, 065. 58 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930___------------- 198, 121. 87 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_.....- Cost of maintenance_...-------- --. -. $7, 961. 02 $5, 074. 26 $16, 276. 80 $6,005.08 $16, 052. 89 Total expended ........--- .....-.-.-.-- .- 7, 961. 02 5, 074. 26 11, 175. 28 6,031.14 15, 903.28 Allotted......---------------------------- I5,000.00 ......------------......-------... 16,000.00 20,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------_------ $9, 968. 86 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929------------------------------ , 000 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------------------- $13,000 20, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for----------------------------29, 968. 86 Gross amount expended--------------------------- ------- 15, 903. 28 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 14, 065. 58 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9, 000. 00 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 823 22. ANCLOTE RIVER, FLA. Location and description.-This river rises in the western part of the peninsula of Florida and flows southwestwardly, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico about 38 miles north of the entrance to Tampa Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1257.) Its total length is about 20 miles. In its upper reaches the river is very crooked and flows sluggishly between comparatively high banks from 20 to 60 feet apart. For 3 miles above Tarpon Springs the width varies from 60 to 100 feet. Below Tarpon Springs the river becomes a tidal estuary, varying in width from 600 to 1,200 feet. The river is tidal for 9 miles above Tarpon Springs. The fresh-water dis- charge, largely from springs, is about 500 cubic feet per second. The drainage area is about 100 square miles. Original condition.-The entrance and the estuary were obstructed by sand bars and shoals, and the channel was narrow and tortuous, with depths varying from 2 to 14 feet at low water. The limiting depth was about 21/2 feet, but the channel was so winding as to be impracticable. The head of navigation for vessels of any size was the county bridge at Tarpon Springs, but small launches ran and logging was carried on for about 15 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water increased at entrance and on curves from Anclote Anchorage in the Gulf of Mexico to the county bridge at Tarpon Springs, with a turning basin at the latter point 200 feet wide and 500 feet long. The length of the section included in the project is about 41/2 miles. The mean range of tide is about 1.5 feet at the entrance and 2 feet at Tarpon Springs. The extreme range is about 2 feet at the entrance and 2.5 feet at Tarpon Springs. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level about 1 foot. Strong northerly winds, which occur mostly during the winter, lower the water level about 11/2 to 2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1927, is $82,500. The latest (1927) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $6,000. The project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for a channel 6 feet deep to Sponge Harbor and thence 4 feet deep to Tarpon Springs (H. Doc. No. 200, 55th Cong., 2d sess.), and the act of January 21, 1927, extended the 6-foot channel to Tarpon Springs (H. Doc. No. 18, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the latter document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of one municipal marginal wharf at Tarpon Springs, berth space 330 feet, with about 51/2 feet of water, used by sponge and fish boats and small launches. High- way connection only is provided. The facilities are inadequate for the needs of the locality. (For a full description of the terminal. facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of inzprovement.-The improvement has resulted in making Tarpon Springs the headquarters for the sponging fleet on the west coast and the most important sponge market in the United States. 824 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Operationsand results du~ing fiscal year.-Dredging with a leased clam-shell dredge, for the purpose of removing bowlders in and :along the edges of some of the dredged cuts, was begun on October 28, 1929, and ceased on January 7, 1930. Two thousand seven hun- dred and sixty-six cubic yards of rocks was blasted and removed over an aggregate length of cut of 1,455 feet. Surveys were made as re- quired. The total cost was $8,174.83, all for new work. The total expenditure was $8,319.90. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project, modified for a 6-foot depth above Sponge Harbor, was completed in 1929 at a saving of $14,622 .under the estimated cost. The controlling depth at mean low water is 6 feet from Anclote anchorage to Tarpon Springs. Slight shoaling has occurred along the edges of the channel at the -entrance. The total cost has been $142,854.85, of which $76,051.86 was for new work and $66,802.99 was for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $142,854.85. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($9,187.25), will be applied to maintenance as follows: Operation of U. S. dredge Sarasota1Py months, at $6,000 per month_ $7, 500. 00 Office expenses and contingencies ---------------- , 687.25 1---------- Total for maintenance ----------------------------- 9, 187. 25 It is expected that dredging will begin in July, 1930, and that all available funds will be exhausted on June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($8,000), will be applied to maintenance as follows : Operation of U. S. dredge Sarasota 114 months, at $6,000 per month.. $7, 500 Office expenses, surveys, and contingencies--------------------------- 500 Total for maintenance___ --------- ---- 8, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of fish, groceries, ice, petroleum products, sponges, water, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 9,752 short tons, valued at $2,823,200. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is a decrease in total commerce of about one- half of 1 per cent due entirely' to a slight decrease in the sponge receipts. All of the commerce used the channel for varying distances and was carried in motor boats drawing from 2 to 6 feet. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement General freight General freight Year Passengers Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925.......... 10, 078 $2, 429, 948 1 12, 000 1928-__----- - 9, 790 $2, 760, 990 1 6, 500 1926.......... 9, 168 2, 495, 868 15, 000 1929---..... - 9, 752 2,823, 200 1 5, 000 1927-_-_--i - 10, 422 2,904, 850 15,000 1 Estimated. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 1 DISTRICT 825 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------------- $76, 051. 86 *Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------- 66, 802. 99 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 142, 854. 85 Net total expenditures---------- --------------------------- 142, 854. 85 Jnexpended balance June 30, 1930 ----------- 9, 187. 25 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------------- 152, 042. 10 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....... $16, 225. 53 ..------------------------------------------------ $8,174. 83 Cost of maintenance_____--------------------------$5, 020. 00 $16, 987. 39 8, 744. 89 Total cost -.- - -. - - --. - ___.. _ 5,020. 00 16, 987. 39 1 24, 970. 42 8, 174. 83 'Total expended ...... ... ..----------------------- - . 5, 020. 00 11,966. 48 24,806. 37 8,319.90 ------------- 9,000. 00 Allotted .--------------------------.. 38,300.00------------4,000.00 1Reduced $7.97 .on account of adjustment of cost in 1929. Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------------$13, 507. 15 .Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May-28, 1930 ----------------- 9, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for------------------------------ 22, 507. 15 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment ------------------ 5, 000, 00 Net amount to be accounted for--------------------------- 17, 507. 15 Gross amount expended----------------------------------- 8,319. 90 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------- 9, 187. 25 Outstanding liabilities June 30. 1930----------------------- 73. 25 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------------------9, 114. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 2--------------- 8, 000. 00 23. CRYSTAL RIVER, FLA. This project was completed in the fiscal year 1907. No expendi- tures were made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, and no work is now proposed, as the channel in its present condition is sufficient to meet the requirements of the small commerce that now makes use of it. (For full description of the project see Annual Report for 1919, p. 828.) Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of fish, ice, and oysters. The tonnage for the year amounted to 781 short tons, valued at $27,252. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is an increase in total tonnage of about 25 per cent due to increased receipts of fish and oysters. The commerce was carried in motor boats drawing from 2 to 3 feet. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year. 2Exclusive of available funds. 826 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Comparative statement, Vessel traffic Rafted Total Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925-----.......--------------------- 430 $39, 800 (1) (1) 430 $39, 800 2 500, 1926_ ..... ......--... -. - - - 147 17, 452 (1) (1) 147 17, 452 - 1927 ----------..............--------------............ 151 21, 140 (1) (1) 151 21, 140 ......... 1928-.----..-- .-.--------- 250 35,000 375 3,000 625 38,000. 1929--.--_-.-... ------.-. - 781 27,252 ... 781 27,252 ...... 1 No statistics available. 2Estimated. Cost and financial swunmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-..... $25, 000 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ----- - -- 9, 000 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930__--- ------------- 34, 000 Net total expenditures___________________________ 34, 000 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 34, 000 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work Cost of m aintenance -- --.----- ..--- .- . - - .- . - .- - . .. . . . .. . . . . Total expended ...... ... ....... .... ..... I. .-... - Allotted............... 24. WITHLACOOCHEE RIVER, FLA. Location and,description.-This river rises in the central part of the peninsula of Florida and flows in a general northwestwardly and westwardly direction, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico about 20 miles southeast of Cedar Keys, Fla., and 95 miles north of the en- trance to Tampa Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 179.) For a large part of the distance from the headwaters to Stokes Ferry (42 miles above the mouth) the river flows through a series of swamps, lakes, and wooded lagoons, with frequently more than one channel through the latter. Widths vary from 30 to 250 feet and slopes and currents are moderate. Below Stokes Ferry the river is generally confined to a single channel with an average width of 80 to 100 feet and a somewhat greater fall and swifter current. The lower 11 miles are tidal, with width of 75 to 150 feet. The area of the drainage basin is about 1,600 square miles. The low-water discharge in cubic feet per second is 271 above Blue Springs Run (29 miles above the mouth) and 940 feet below that point. The high-water dis- charge is about 7,000 cubic feet per second. Original condition.-The river was obstructed by rock shoals and loose rocks, snags, bowlders, overhanging trees, and aquatic vegeta- tion. The controlling depth was about 2 feet, but the narrow, crooked, channels over the rock shoals were impassable at low stages. The entrance from the Gulf was narrow and crooked and obstructed by reefs, over which the limiting depth was 11/2 to 3 feet at mean low RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 827 water. The head of barge navigation was Pembertons Ferry, now known as Croom, 85 miles above the mouth, but the river was navi- gable for small boats to Dobes Hole, 30 miles farther up the stream. Previous projects.--A project for the improvement of the entrance was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The cost and expenditures under this project were $30,000 for new work. For further details of previous projects, see page 1832 of the Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for securing and maintaining a channel 100 feet wide and 10 feet deep at mean low water from the 10-foot contour in the Gulf of Mexico to Port Inglis, just within the river entrance, by dredging and rock excavation and for removing snags, overhanging trees, and loose rock, and cutting through shoals in the upper river, with a view to making a draft of 2 feet available for about half the year as far as Pembertons Ferry (Croom), 85 miles above the mouth. The lengths of the sections included in the project are 4.1 miles from the Gulf to Port Inglis and 85 miles to Pembertons Ferry (Croom). The mean tidal range is 2.8 feet, and the extreme range is about 3.5 feet at the mouth. The effect of the tide is perceptible for about 11 miles above the mouth. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level at the mouth about 1 foot, and strong northerly winds, which usually occur during the winter, lower the water level about 11/2 feet. Freshets raise the water level in the upper river from 4 to 6 feet and at the mouth about 1 foot. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1925, is $385,000, exclu- sive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1881, provided for the work in the upper river. (Annual Report for 1880, pp. 1110-1119); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the work at the entrance (H. Doc. No. 483, 59th Cong., 2d sess.). The latter document contains the latest published map of the entrance. The latest published map of the river to Pembertons Ferry (Croom) is in House Document No. 199, Fifty-fifth Congress, second session. Recommended mdifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None is required by the appropriation acts. Between 1894 and 1902 the Dunnellon Phosphate Co. dredged a channel through the shoals at the mouth of the river and up the river to Inglis, 7 miles above the mouth, 8 feet or more deep for the greater part of its length, with a limiting depth of 5.9 feet, at an expenditure of about $200,000. This work, while primarily for the benefit of the company to enable it to ship the product of its mines, was also of general benefit to navigation, and the channel dug now forms part of the adopted project. Under permit granted by the Secretary of War April 16, 1904, the Florida Power Co. has built a power dam, with lock 36 feet wide and 134 feet long, across the river 11 miles above the mouth, creating a pool extending nearly to Dunnellon, 241/2 miles above the mouth. When approach excavation and other minor work is ,completed the improvement will be of considerable benefit to navigation in this stretch. Terminal facilities.-These consist of a small oil-transfer wharf at Inglis, one small dock at Panasoffkee open to public use, and private 828 REPORT OF OllIEP OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 landing docks scattered along the river. The facilities are considered ample for present commerce. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of imnlprovement.-The incomplete improvement of the upper river has had no appreciable effect on freight rates and has been of but limited benefit to commerce. The improvement from Port Inglis. to the Gulf, partly by Federal and partly by private funds, reduced freight rates on phosphate from this territory fully 50 per cent. No phosphate has been transported over the improvement since 1916. Operations and results d ing fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project for the entrance is about 85 per cent completed. The channel from Port Inglis to the 10-root contour in the Gulf has been dredged to a depth of 10 feet at mean low water and a width of 85 feet, whereas a width of 100 feet is required under the project The total cost of this work has been $287,265.42, of which $255,385.29 was for new work and $31,880.13 for maintenance. Snags, overhanging trees, sunken logs, loose rock and bowlders, and some rock ledges were removed from the upper river, enabling light-draft boats to ascend the river to Pembertons Ferry (Croom) except at low stages. This project was practically completed during the fiscal year 1893. The river is now fairly clear of obstructions between Croom and the power dam and between the power dam and the mouth. The lock at the power dam is inoperative. The total cost of this work has been $31,888.92, of which $29,700 was for new work prior to 1894 and $2,188.92 was for subsequent maintenance. The controlling depths are, from Gulf to Port Inglis, 10 feet; from Port Inglis to Inglis, about 7 miles from mouth, 6 feet; from Inglis to lock in Florida Power Co.'s dam, 11 miles above mouth, 5 feet; from the lock to Stocktons Ferry, 4 feet; to the head of navi- gation at Pembertons Ferry (Croom), 85 miles from the mouth, the limiting depth is 2 feet during half the year and 1 foot during low stage. The depths are referred to mean low water of the Gulf from the Gulf to the dam and to low-water stage of the river above that point. The project as a whole is 74 per cent completed, the work remaining being the 15-foot widening of the entrance channel at Port Inglis, which is not considered necessary at the present time, due to the relatively small use being made of this channel. The total cost of the existing project has been $319,154.34, of which $285,085.29 was for new work and $34,069.05 was for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $319,154.34. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($107.38), will be applied to office work and miscellaneous expenses involved in connection with the supervision of the project. No funds can be profitably expended for new work for the reason that the present needs of commerce do not justify the relatively high cost of rock removal incident to the completion of the project. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of fish, fuel oil, and water. The tonnage for the year amounted to 29,960 short tons, valued at $311,350. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is a decrease in total tonnage of over 11 per cent, due to the fact that no logs were rafted during the year and the general merchandise formerly moving over the water- RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 829 way is now transported in motor trucks. Of the total commerce reported, about 96 per cent was fuel oil and water transported to and from the Florida Power & Light Co.'s plant at Inglis, Fla. The commerce is not carried over the entire waterway, being confined to the stretches between the Gulf and Inglis, and Istachatta and Dun- nellon. The commerce was carried in motor boats and barges draw- ing from 2 to 6 feet. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Vessel traffic Rafted Total Year Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925..----..------------------------- 2, 621 $76,140 264 $3,168 2, 885 $79, 308; 1926--------------------------- -- 6, 231 223,126 4,150 43, 350 10,381 266, 47& 1927--.........------------------------- 31,008 436,006 3, 770 47,100 34,778 483,106 1928--------------..............-----------------... 29,860 478,155 4,050 36,360 33,910 514, 515, 1929---...........-------------................------------... 29, 960 311,350 -------------------- 29, 960 311,350 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930___------- ------------------ $315, 085. 29 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------ ------------ 34, 069. 05. Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_______---_ 349, 154. 34 Net total expenditures_--_ ------------------------------- 349,154. 34 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930__ --------- --------------- 107. 38. Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ----- ____-__ 349, 261. 72 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ......................................................... Cost of maintenance__-. --- _____. -_ __---- ____ $1,019. 38 $265.77 $10, 607. 47 ........... Total expended---------------------------- ---- 1, 019. 38 211.37 10, 661. 87 - Allotted-_-- ---.---------.---- _-- $1,000.00 6,000.00 5, 000.00..................... Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 -- ,_ --------------------- $107. 38 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - of existing project 100, 000. 00. 25. CEDAR KEYS HARBOR, FLA. Location and description.-CedarKeys is located on the island of- Way Key, in the Gulf of Mexico, 3 miles off the Florida coast. It is about 115 miles north of the entrance to Tampa Bay and about 285.. miles east of Pensacola Harbor. The harbor lies to the south of the. town and is protected on all sides by keys and shoals. It has a length of about 1 mile and a width of about one-eighth of a mile. Entrance to the harbor is had through three channels, the main ship channel east of Sea Horse Key, South Bar Channel north of Depot Key, and Northwest Channel north of North and Middle Keys. There is also. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 830 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 a channel south of the North and Middle Keys. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 179 and 480.) Original condition.-The natural depth in the harbor was from 10 to 17 feet. Sand shoals formed obstructions at all of the entrances and throughout the channels. A draft of about 8 feet could be taken into the harbor at mean low water by way of the main ship channel. The Northwest Channel had a controlling depth of about 7 feet at mean low water and the South Bar Channel about 5 feet. Previous projects.-The first provision for improvement of the harbor was made by an act of Congress approved June 10, 1872. The cost and expenditures prior to the existing project were $82,500, all of which was for new work. For scope of previous project see page 721 of Annual Report for 1873, part 2, Appendix B6. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 200 feet wide and 10 feet deep at mean low water along the main ship channel by dredging through shoals at the entrance and near the junction with the harbor and by dredging a cut through the Middle Ground. The material to be removed consists of sand shoals over ledge rock. The length of the channel included in the project is about 5 miles. The mean tidal range is 2.4 feet. The extreme tidal range is about 5.0 feet. During the winter months the prevailing winds may lower the water level about 2 feet. Hurricanes have been known to raise the water level more than 6 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $68,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884 (Annual Report for 1884, p. 1223). The latest pub- lished map is contained in House Document No. 100, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommendecd modifioations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are three privately owned docks hav- ing a total berthing space of about 800 feet. Two of these docks are open to the public, one of which has rail connection; all are con- nected with the streets. The existing facilities are adequate for the present needs of commerce. Effect of inmproveiment. The improvement of the main ship chan- nel was a benefit to commerce at the time it was accomplished many years ago, permitting larger vessels to enter the harbor and thus affording direct connection between the railway and Gulf and Cuban ports. No beneficial results with respect to rail and water rates are now observable. Operaltions and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging .operations in progress with the U. S. hopper dredge Absecon at the beginning of the fiscal year continued at the bar out seaward of Sea Horse Key until July 11, 1929, when the dredge was withdrawn from the work preparatory to proceeding to Apalachicola, Fla. A channel 2,800 feet long and 200 feet wide was completed 12.5 feet deep through the bar cut. The U. S. pipe-line dredge Sarasota con- tinued maintenance dredging operations on the inner channels of the harbor until July 11, 1929, when dredging operations ceased. -The advance of this dredge amounted to 2,716 feet. This entire plant RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 831 proceeded under tow to Clearwater Harbor on July 12, 1929. The total excavation amounted to 42,392 cubic yards, of which 31,608 cubic yards (bin measurement, the place measurement equivalent being 85 per cent of this, or 27,867 cubic yards) pertained to the dredge Absecon's work on the bar cut and 10,784 cubic yards per- tained to the dredge Sarasota'swork, all for maintenance. The total cost of this work was $8,387.65. Between January 4 and April 23, 1930, a general survey of the improved channel leading into the harbor from Sea Horse Key was made to accurately determine the amount of rock required to be re- moved to complete this project. The cost of this survey was $5,197.97. The total cost was $8,387.65, all of which was for main- tenance. The total expenditure was $19,728.11. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The project is about 69 per cent completed. No work was done on this project between the years 1892 and 1929. The Middle Ground Channel located west of Depot Key was dredged 200 feet wide and approximately 10 feet deep between the years 1872 and 1881. Ledge rock was encountered and project depth was not secured. This channel has completely filled and, due to its location with respect to the tidal flow, the cost of maintenance would be excessive and its restoration is not contem- plated at this time. Ledge rock exists above project depth in the improved channels leading in from Sea Horse Key. Arrangements are being made for the removal of this rock, required for the com- pletion of the project. The controlling depths at mean low water in the channel as now used, following the reverse curve at the south- erly end of the Middle Ground area are: Bar Cut, 10.5 feet for a width of 200 feet and 12.5 feet for a width of 100 feet and 9 feet for a width of 200 feet and 10.1 feet for a width of 100 feet in the chan- nel leading in from Lighted Beacon No. 8, east of Sea Horse Key. The total cost of the existing project has been $52,000, of which $22,000 was for new work and $30,000 was for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $52,000. Proposed operations.-No funds are available but it is expected to enter into contract at an early date for the removal of ledge rock, for which funds will be made available. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($12,500), will be applied to maintenance as follows: Operations of the U. S. hopper dredge Absecon on the bar cut, three- quarters month, at $13,000 per month.------------ ________$9, 750 Office expenses, surveys, and contingencies--__ -------------- 2, 750 Total for maintenance_--__________----__--__--- 12, 500 Commercial statistics.--The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of fish, ice, and petroleum products. The tonnage for the year amounted to 2,664 short tons, valued at $193,005. Of this total, 614 short tons, valued at $25,705, was coastwise commerce, and 2,050 short tons, valued at $167,300, was local commerce. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is a decrease in total tonnage of over 16 per cent, due principally to reduced coastwise receipts of petroleum products. All of the commerce used the improved chan- 11714---NG 1930--53 832 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARIY, 1930 nel and was carried in motor boats drawing from 2 to 8 feet. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Year Tons Value ....------------------------------------------------ 1928......................-------------- 3,1682 $216,186 ...............---------------------------------------------- 1929------------..... ---- - 2,664 193,005 Cost and ftnanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------------------------.. $104, 500 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 30, 000 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------- 134, 500 Net total expenditures--------------- ------------------------ 134, 500 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------------- 134, 500 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work_.,.. Cost of maintenance..........-.- ............ ....... .... ..... $21, 612. 35 $8, 387.65 Total expended----------------------------------------- ---- 10, 271.89 19, 728. 11 Allotted------...--------------- ---------------------------------- 30,000.00 ------ Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_.---------------------- - $19, 728. 11 Gross amount expended 19, 728. 11 ___-------------------------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------------- 46, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance ------------------------------ 12, 500. 00 26. SUWANNEE RIVER, FLA. Location and description.-This river has its source in the Okefe- nokee Swamp, in the southern part of Georgia, and flows in a general southerly direction, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico about 115 miles north of the entrance to Tampa Bay and 12 miles northwest of Cedar Keys. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 180.) Its total length is about 250 miles. From its headwaters to Ellaville the stream gradually increases in width from about 75 to 150 feet. Below Ellaville the widths increase from 150 to 500 feet at the Passes, where the river divides to enter the Gulf. The river is tidal for 25 miles above the mouth. Above the tidal section the slope is steep and the current rapid. Freshets cause extreme fluctuations. The drainage area is about 10,000 square miles. The normal dis- charge is about 1,740 cubic feet per second at low water at Ellaville and about 4,000 cubic feet per second at the mouth. Low water usually occurrs in the winter and high water in the fall months. Originalcondition.- The river was obstructed by soft rock shoals, over which the channel was narrow and very crooked, with depths RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 833 of from a very few inches to 3 feet. Navigation was also hindered by snags, overhanging trees, and bowlders. The entrance was ob- structed by sand bars and shell reefs. The minimum usable depth at mean low water was 3.8 feet over the bars at the entrance, 5 feet to Rolands Bluff (78 miles above the mouth), 1/2 feet to Ellaville (131 miles above the mouth), and about 1 foot from Ellaville to White Springs (175 miles above the mouth). Above White Springs the river was impassable at low stages. The head of navigation for steamers was Ellaville, but small boats could ascend to White Springs, and the river could be used for logging and rafting at high stages for some distance above this point. Previous projects.-By act of March 3, 1839, the sum of $15,000 was appropriated for removing obstructions at the mouth of this river and for a survey of the river. The cost and expenditures were $10,154.02, all for new work. For scope of previous project, see page 1832 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 150 feet wide and 5 feet deep at mean low water through the shoals at the entrance and up to Rolands Bluff and 60 feet wide and 4 feet deep at mean low stage from Rolands Bluff to Ellaville and for a channel 6 feet deep through Derrick Island Gap, at the south end of Suwannee Sound, by dredging through shoals, removing snags and loose rock, and constructing wing dams to close subsidiary channels. The length of the sections included in the project is 8 miles from Derrick Island Gap to the mouth of East Pass, thence 131 miles to Ellaville. The mean range of tide at the entrance is 2.4 feet. The extreme range is 3 feet. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level at the entrance about 1 foot. Strong northerly winds lower the water level about 11/2 feet. Tidal influence is perceptible for about 40 miles above the mouth. Freshets raise the water surface from 14 to 23 feet above mean low stage at Rolands Bluff (Branford) and from 19 to 30 feet at Ellaville. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1925, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, is $266,- 000. The'latest (1928) approved estimate of cost for annual main- tenance is $4,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880 (Annual Report for 1879, p. 857). It was modified by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, which authorized the expenditure of part of the appropriation for this river in dredging the inside channel to Cedar Keys, through Derrick Island Gap. The latest published map is in House Document No. 108, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-It is recommended that the project be modified to provide for a channel 5 feet deep and 50 to 100 feet wide from the Gulf to Branford; thence 4 feet deep and 30 to 100 feet wide to a point 2 miles below Ellaville and 6 feet deep and 70 feet wide through Derrick Island Gap. (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong. 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of two wharves with a depth of water of about 12 feet. Railway and highway connections are 834 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY,7 1930 provided. The facilities are adequate for present needs. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 652, Sixty- sixth Congress, second session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement was of considerable value when the greater part of the work was done, as the river at that time afforded the only means of transportation for the tributary country and carried a large commerce by way of Cedar Keys, the movement of which was greatly facilitated by the improvement made. With the building of railroads and improved highways into this ter- ritory and the consequent changes in routes of traffic the value and importance of the Suwannee River as an avenue of commerce has declined, and it is now but little used by boats. The improvement has had no ascertainable effect on freight rates. Operations and results durin fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 25 per cent completed. Cuts have been dredged through the bars at the mouth and in Derrick Island Gap; rock shoals, snags, logs, and other ob- structions have been removed and rock wing dams built. The result of this work was a good practical channel, 5 feet deep and 50 to 100 feet wide, from the Gulf to Rolands Bluff; 4 feet deep and 30 to 100 feet wide within 21/2 miles of Ellaville; and 6 feet deep and 70 feet wide through Derrick Island Gap. Some deterioration has occurred, but the controlling depth at mean low water was about 5 feet to Rolands Bluff when last determined in 1924. To complete the project it would be necessary to dredge through several rock shoals below Ellaville and to widen the channel through Derrick Island Gap. Completion of the project is not considered justified by the small use being made of the river at the present time. The total cost of the existing project has been $98,658, of which $66,263.94 was for new work ($10,000 being applied to construction of a combined dredging and snagging boat), and $32,394.06 was for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $98,658. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. No funds can be profitably expendid during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for the reason that the small amount of traffic on the waterway does not justify further expenditures at the present time. Commercial statistics.-There was no commerce over the river dur- ing the calendar year 1929. There are a few private launches, but no regular traffic in freight or passengers. The loss in commerce, formerly confined to fish and logs, was due to the fact that logging interests exhausted their holdings and fishermen confined their opera- tions to outside waters. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year. Cost and finanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------- ---------- $76, 417.96 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------ _____- 32, 394. 06 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 --- ___--__ 108, 812. 02 Net total expenditures ------- _------------.. 108, 812.02 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- 108, 812. 02 RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 835 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---------------------------- ------------------------ Cost of maintenance------------...........- . - $10, 000. 00------------ ------ Total expended..-- ... ---------------------.... ...... ------ 9,862.77 $137.23 ....------------ Allotted -------------------------------------- .... 10,000.00 ----... Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------- -------------- -------------- $200, 000 27. REMOVING THE WATER HYACINTH FROM NAVIGABLE WATERS IN THE STATE OF FLORIDA Location and description.-The water hyacinth is found in the fresh-water streams and lakes in various parts of the State, and at times has become a serious obstruction to navigation on the St. Johns River and its tributaries, the Withlacoochee River and its tribu- taries, and the Caloosahatchee and Kissimmee River system. Original condition.-The water hyacinth is not native in Florida, but is said to have been introduced in Florida waters about 1890. It spread rapidly, and before operations for its removal were begun the rivers affected were not infrequently so blocked with floating masses of the plant that navigation was seriously impeded and the rafting of logs, on which the lumber industry was dependent, was at times entirely stopped. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--The existing project, as modified, provides for the destruction or removal of the water hyacinth in the navigable waters of the State so far as they constitute an obstruction to com- merce, using any mechanical, chemical, or other means not injurious to cattle. The use of log booms to close sloughs and backwaters as an auxiliary means was contemplated. No estimate of the final cost of the work has been made. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $7,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 91, 55th Cong., 3d sess.). The project was modified by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, which authorized the exterminating and removing water hyacinth from navigable waters by any mechanical, chemical, or other means what- soever. The project was again modified by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, which prohibited the use of any chemical process injurious to cattle which might feed upon the plant. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None is required by the appropriation acts. Individuals and transportation companies have done a considerable amount of work at their own expense in removing the hyacinth and obstructions which cause the hyacinth to collect from portions of the navigable streams in which they were particularly interested. The cost of the work is not ascertainable, but in the aggregate it has been considerable. 836 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Effect of improvement.-The work done has directly benefited nav- igation by abating the delays and stoppages formerly experienced when the growth of the plant was unchecked. It has reduced the uncertainties and cost of water transportation on many streams. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Inspections of the Withlacoochee River between Pembertons Ferry (Croom) and Dun- nellon were made between July 1, 1929, and April 15, 1930, by a regularly employed boatman. The channel was cleared of hyacinth and obstructions as they accumulated by the drifting process. A total of 1,530,860 square yards of hyacinth and 2,327 obstructions were removed from this waterway. Inspections were made on the St. Johns River at Astor, Buffalo Bluff, Palatka and Shands Bridge, Durbin, Six Mile, Trout, Black and Little Black Creeks. Hyacinth jams were broken up by the drifting process at the following locali- ties: St. Johns River at Astor, Buffalo Bluff, Palatka and Shands Bridge, Six Mile, Trout, Durbin and Black Creeks, which amounted to 2,755,346 square yards. Between January 28, 1930, and February 12, 1930, the U. S. der- rick boat D-1, equipped with a hyacinth grapple, removed from Lit- tle Black Creek 48,500 square yards of hyacinth and 71 obstructions. This work cost $938.36. A total of 4,334,706 square yards of hya- cinth and 2,398 obstructions were removed. All of this work was performed by hired labor. The total cost was $7,548.18, all of which was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $7,784.59. Condition at end of fiscal year.-By various means, portions of the Withlacoochee River, between Dunnellon and Pembertons Ferry (Croom), have been cleared from time to time of hyacinth and ob- structions, and now a reasonably clear channel exists for navigation a distance of approximately 57 miles between Dunnellon and Croom, with the exception of a jam at Jumper Creek and Indian Field. A considerable length of the upper portion of the Withlacoochee River above Croom is blocked with this growth, as are also the creeks and sloughs tributary to the St. Johns River, Kissimmee River, Arbuckle Creek, Rice Creek and Black Creek, where there is practically no traffic to disturb and keep the plant broken up. During high sCages of water the creeks and sloughs discharge the hyacinth into the main rivers at times in such quantities as to become a serious menace to navigation. The hyacinth situation at the close of the year in the upper reaches of the St. Johns River was troublesome due to the high stage of water in the river above Lake George. The total cost under existing project has been $233,323.38, all of which has been for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $233,000. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($7,000), will be applied to maintenance involved in the removal of the water hyacinth in the St. Johns River and tributaries, the With- lacoochee River, and in any other navigable waterways in the district where such work may become necessary. The work will be done by hired labor. It is expected that the available funds will be expended at a fairly uniform rate and will be exhausted on June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($6,000), will be applied to the removal of the water hyacinth by hired labor from the various navigable waterways in the district as such work becomes necessary. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 837 Cost and ftnanoia sumWmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_-----_---------------------------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----- ------------------- $233, 323. 38 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------- _-... -------..- _ 323. 38 Net total expenditures_ __-- _---- 233, 000.00 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------- 7, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_----------- 240, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---------....------------------------------- --------------------............ Cost of maintenance------------------- $1, 929.08 $7,424. 57 $4, 056. 55 $6,067. 44 $7, 548. 18 Total expended------------------------ 1, 929. 08 7, 424. 57 3, 800.91 5, 763. 29 7, 784.59 Allotted...... ..--------------------------------- ----...... 3,000.00 6,000.00 7,500.00 7,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ ....--.-.-. __.---- -- - $7, 784. 59 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------- 7, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for--.-------------------... 14, 784. 59 Gross amount expended- ___--- --- _ 7, 784. 59 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930- -- --------- 7, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1932, for maintenance 6, 000. 00 28. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor line studies; fish net inspections; administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $55,108.16; the expenditures were $60,440.44. The total cost has been $126,392.05. The total expenditure has been $122,794.28. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in con- nection with the above items. The additional sum of $32,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial sunmary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------- $126, 392. 05 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------------- 3, 597. 77 Net total expenditures_ __------- ----------------- 122, 794. 28 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------- ------------- 32, 105. 72 Total amount appropriated to June 30. 1930-----_-_____ 154, 900. 00 Exclusive of available funds. 838 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 . Cost of new work ....--------------------------.--- ----------. ---- .----.------------........--- Cost of maintenance-----.........------------ -------------------- _$71, 283. 89 $55, 108. 16 Total expended---------------------------------------------------- 62,353.84 60,440.44 Allotted- . . ..----------------------- ------------------------ $3, 500. 00 115, 000.00 36,400. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------- $56, 146. 16 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved: Feb. 28, 1929 -------------------------------- $7, 500. 00 May 28, 1930----------- --------------------- 28, 900. 00 36, 400. 00 Amount to be accounted for-- 546. 16 9-------------------------2 Gross amount expended---------- -------- 60, 440. 44 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------32, 105. 72 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-------------------- ------- 15. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------32, 090. 72 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance --------------------------------- 32, 000. 00 EXAMINATION AND SURVEY MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JANUARY 21, 1927 Reports dated April 7, 1928, and February 18, 1930, with map, on preliminary examination and survey of Hollywood Harbor, Fla., required by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in House Docu- ment No. 357, Seventy-first Congress, second session. The improve- ment of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts approved September 22, 1922, March 3, 1925, January 21, 1927, and July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. St. Lucie Inlet, Fla. 2. Manatee River, Fla. 3. Taylor Creek, Fla., in Okeechobee County. 4. Onosohatchee River, Fla. 5. From the, headquarters of Oklawaha River, Fla., and Lake Griffin to Lake Tohopekaliga, through Lake Apopka and other lakes, connecting the Oklawaha River system with the Kissimmee River system. 6. CanaveralHarbor, Fla. 7. Fort Pierce Inlet, Fla. 8. Pithlachascotee River, Fla. 9. Channel of suitable dimensions from southern terminus of the FloridaEast Coast Canal at Miami into FloridaBay. 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 839 10. Miami River, Fla. 11. Alafia River, Fla., to connect Government channel in Hillsboro Bay with said river. 12. Waterwva from Miami, Fla., to Key West, with a view to constructing an extension to the intracoastal waterway from Jackson- ville to Miami. 13. The St. Johns River, Fla., in the general vicinity of Dames Point and New Berlin, with a view to ascertaining the cause of the erosion of the upland and with a view to devising remedies to pre- vent the same, and to protect the upland against any further reces- sion of the shore line. 14. Lake Worth Inlet, Fla. 15. Inland Waterway from a point at or near Stuart, Fla., to the Gulf of Mexico, by way of the St. Lucie Canal, Lake Okeechobee, and the CaloosahatcheeRiver. 16. Inland wlaitemorxy from Miamni, Fla., to the Gulf of Mexico at or near Poinciana,by way of the Miami River, thence westerly along the Tamiami Trail, and thence southwesterly along the State highway. 17. Channel in Horseshoe Cove, Dixie County, Fla., from the mainland to the Gulf of Mexico. 18. St. Petersburg Harbor, Fla. 19. Steinhatchee River into Deadman's Bay, Fla. 20. Inland waterway from Port Everglades at Bay Mabel, Fla., via. Clewiston, to the headwaaters of the Caloosahatchee River in Lake Hidpochee, by way of the New River, the North New River Canal, and Lake Okeechobee, with a view to its improvement by the Federal Government for the purposes of navigation together with its inci- dental effect on flood control. 21. Uppler St. Johns River, Fla., from Lake Harney to Lake Wash- ington, with a view to securing a navigable channel of suitable depth and width together with its incidental effect on flood control. 22. Channel in San Carlos Bay, Fla., from Punta Rasa to deep water in the Gulf of Mexico. 23. Ponce de Leon Inlet at the mouth of Halifax and Indian Rivers nea New Smyrna, Fla. 24. Withlacoochee River, Fla. 25. Peace River, Fla. 26. PithlachascoteeRiver, Fla., from New PortRichey to the Gulf of Mexico. 27. BarronRiver, at Everglades, Collier County, Fla., and channel across Chokoloskee Bay to the Gulf of Mexico. 28. ClearwaterHarbor,Fla., including Big Pass and Little Pass. 29. Anclote River, Fla., from the county bridge at Tarpon Springs to the Gulf of Mexico. 30. Channel in Little Sarasota Bay, Fla., between Sarasota and Venice, and channel through Caseys Pass. 31. Kissimmee River, Fla., from Kissimmee to Fort Bassenger; and from Fort Bassenger to Lake Okeechobee, with a view to its im- provement for the purposes of navigation together with its effect on flood control. 32. Wacissa River, Fla. 840 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The duty of making a preliminary examination and sxrvey of uwaterway across northern Florida to, connect the Atlantic Intra- coastal Water oay with the proposed Gulf Intracoastal Waterway by the most practicable route, required by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, was assigned to a special board of engineers, and report thereon will be duly submitted when received. REPORTS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, UNITED STATES SENATE, AND THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated September 12, 1929, a review of reports on the intracoastal waterway from Jacksonville to Miami, Fla., printed in House Document No. 586, Sixty-ninth Congress, second session, was requested. Report thereon was transmitted to the committee on January 16, 1930, and printed in Senate Document No. 71, Seventy- first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modifi- cation of the existing project so as to provide for an inland water- way following the coastal route, with such minor modifications in location as may be found desirable by the Chief of Engineers, 100 feet wide and 8 feet deep at local mean low water, at an estimated cost of $4,221,000, with $125,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolution dated December 9, 1929, a review of reports on the CaloosahatcheeRiver and Lake Okeechobee drainage areas, Florida, printed in House Document No. 215, Seventieth Congress, first ses- sion, and in Senate Document No. 213, Seventieth Congress, second session, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee March 15, 1930, and printed in Senate Document No. 115, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for a project for navigation and flood control at an estimated cost of $9,692,000, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolution dated December 16, 1927, a review of reports on Miami Harbor, Fla., printed in House Document No. 516, Sixty- seventh Congress, fourth session, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee January 7, 1930, and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 15, Seventy- first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modifi- cation of the existing project so as to provide for a width of 300 feet in the channel across Biscayne Bay to the turning basin in front of the municipal wharves and for enlargement of the turning basin, at an estimated cost of $885,000, with $16,000 annually for maintenance in addition to that now required, with certain provisions. By resolution dated January 30, 1929, a review of prior reports on canal from Waldo, Fla., into Lake Alto and from Lake Alto to Little Lake Santa Fe was requested. A report thereon was transmitted to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, House of Representatives, November 8, 1929, but has not yet been printed. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. Reports as indicated below, called for by resolutions of the Com- mittee on Commerce, United States Senate, and the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, House of Representatives, will be submitted as soon as practicable: RIVERS AND HARBORS--MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 841 1. Review of reports on St. Johns River, Fla., Jacksonville to Palatka, printed in House Document No. 281, Sixty-second Congress, second session. 2. Review of prior reports on Mosquito Inlet, Fla. 3. Review of reports on Tamrrpa and Hillsboro Bays, Fla., printed in House Document No. 100, Seventieth Congress, first session. 4. Review of prior reports on Caloosahatchee River, Fla. 5. Review of reports on Key West Harbor, Fla., printed in House Document No. 1253, Sixty-fifth Congress, second session. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE MONTGOMERY (ALA.) DISTRICT This district includes the eastern portion of the State of Alabama, the western portion of the State of Georgia, and the northwestern portion of the State of Florida. It includes specifically the water- sheds of the Alabama River, the watersheds of the rivers flowing into the Gulf of Mexico through the State of Florida west of the Aucilla River, and the harbors in that portion of the State. District engineer: Maj. L. E. Lyon, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Lieut. Col. Mark Brooke, Corps of Engineers, since August 11, 1928. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. St. Marks River, Fla_____ 841 12. LaGrange Bayou, Fla____ __ 872 2. Carrabelle Bar and Harbor, 13. Holmes River. Fla ________ 874 Fla -__________________ 843 14. East Pass Channel from the 3. Apalachicola Bay, Fla___ __ 846 Gulf of Mexico into Choc- 4. Apalachicola River, Fla., the tawhatchee Bay, Fla.____ 876 cut-off, Lee Slough, and 15. Narrows in Santa Rosa lower Chipola River______ 849 Sound, Fla- ___________ 877 5. Upper Chipola River, Fla., 16. Blackwater River, Fla_____ 879 from Marianna to its 17. Escambia and Conecuh Riv- mouth- 852 ers. Fla. and Ala ... __ 881 6. Flint River, Ga__________ 854 18. Harbor at Pensacola, Fla___ 884 7. Chattahoochee River, Ga. and 19. Intracoastal waterway from Ala ___-_- __------ 858 Pensacola Bay, Fla., to 8. Channel from Apalachicola Mobile Bay, Ala .._._... 888 River to St. Andrews Bay, 20. Alabama River, Ala__.... 890 F la_- _ -_-_- -- 861 21. Coosa River, Ga. and Ala___ 894 9. Entrance to St. Josephs Bay, 22. Operating and care of locks F la --__ -______ 864 and dams on Coosa River, 10. St. Andrews Bay, Fla--... 866 Ga. and Ala_ ___ 898 11. Choctawhatchee River, Fla. 23. Examinations, surveys, and and Ala - -- - 869 contingencies (general) __ 899 1. ST. MARKS, RIVER, FLA. Location and description.-The St. Marks River rises about 14 miles southeast of Tallahassee, Fla., and flows in a southerly direc- tion into the Gulf of Mexico 108 miles east from the entrance to St. Andrews Bay. At Newport, 11 miles above the mouth, it is 300 feet wide; at St. Marks, 6 miles above the mouth, it is 400 feet wide; and at the mouth it is about 4,500 feet wide. The entire length of St. Marks River is 17 miles. Practically the entire length is affected by tides, which range between 3 and 4 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 182.) Original condition.-Little data are available regarding the original condition of this stream. Between 1828 and 1844 the Federal Gov- 842 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 ernment undertook certain improvements in the river, but no work has been done since the latter date. The river has a depth of 10 feet from its mouth to the town of St. Marks, except at "Rock Gap," where the controlling depth is 4 feet, due to obstructions placed in the channel during the Civil War, and at two other shoals where the limiting depth is 6 feet, the width of channel is not of record. The stream was navigable for boats drawing 9 feet from the mouth to Newport, the head of navigation, a distance of 11 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The sum of $36,010.86 represents the cost and expenditures between 1828 and 1844, but apparently under no definite project. The division of this amount as between new work and maintenance is not known. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep and a bottom width of 100 feet at mean low water between the mouth and St. Marks, a distance of 6 miles, to be obtained by dredging. The average tidal range is between 3 and 4 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1928, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, is $11,000, with $250 annually for maintenance. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 453, 70th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest pub- lished map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities on this stream other than small wooden wharves at the town of St. Marks, which are used for transferring fish from small fishing craft to cold storage. These wharves are more or less temporary in nature, extending along the river bank for about 100 feet. They are owned by the fish dealers operating at St. Marks. Effect of improvement.-No work has been done since 1844. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-None. Conditionat end of fiscal year.-No work has yet been done on this project. The condition of channel is the same as given in the para- graph Original condition. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The sum of $11,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, in dredging about 30,000 cubic yards of material from the shallow oyster reefs and in the vicinity of Rock Gap, thus completing all new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-For1929 the commerce of this stream was comprised entirely of food fish, which were caught along the outside shores and in the Gulf of Mexico and brought upstream to St. Marks for shipment to interior points. This commerce amounted to 697 tons, valued at $82,440. In addition, there are two gasoline boats operating from Newport, carrying fishing and pleasure parties to the Gulf. They require the present available depth. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 843 Comparative statement Vessel traffic Rafted Total Year Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925------------------------------ 530 $106,000 10, 857 $40,710 11,387 $146, 71Th 1926 .......------------------------------ 422 75,960 5,400 18, 000 5,822 93,960 1927 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 862 142 217 1928 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 887 142,000 1929 -------------------- ----- ---- ------------ ----------------- ---- 697 82,440 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $36, 010. 86 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930........-- Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 36, 010. 86 Net total expenditures--------------------- ---------------- 36, 010. 86 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------- ---------- 36, 010. 86 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work. Cost of maintenance---- Total expended----------------------------..----------- Allotted__ Allotted. --... ........................................---..-..-... . . . - .-.-...... . . Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------------------ $11. 000 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1931, for new work------------------------ ------------ 11,000 2. CARRABELLE BAR AND HARBOR, FLA. Location and description.-CarrabelleBar and Harbor are located on the coast of northwest Florida, about 185 miles east of Pensacola Harbor. The harbor consists of an inner and an outer harbor; the former being that portion of the mouth of Carrabelle River, 3.000 feet long and 400 to 700 feet wide, lying in front of the town of Car- rabelle. The outer harbor, 4 miles from Carrabelle, is that portion of St. George Sound known as Dog Island Anchorage, with an area of 2 square miles, lying just inside of East Pass and separated from the Gulf of Mexico by a sand island known as Dog Island. This work also includes the bars at East Pass, about 6 miles south of the town of Carrabelle. Carrabelle Bar lies in St. George Sound, just off the mouth of Carrabelle River. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 182.) Original condition.-The inner harbor had a channel 3,000 feet long, from 9 to 15 feet deep, with an average width of 100 feet. The outer harbor averaged 24 feet deep. The inner bar was approxi- mately 1 mile wide between 10-foot contours, with a minimum low- water usable depth of 3 to 4 feet through a very crooked channel. The bar at East Pass had a limiting low-water depth of 161/2 feet. Previous projects.-The original project for Carrabelle Bar and Harbor was adopted by the act of June 3, 1896. The cost and ex- 844 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. AlMY, 1930 penditures on this project were $21,704.08 for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1833 of Annual Report for 1915. Work under existing project was begun in 1903. Existing project.-The existing project provides for a channel across the inner and outer bars at East Pass 150 feet wide and 201/2 feet deep at mean low water, including the closing of an opening in Dog Island; and for a channel 18 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the 18-foot contour in the outer harbor to a point about 2,500 feet outside the mouth of the river, with a suitable turning basin at this point, thence 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide to the wharves at Carra- belle. The total length of the 10-foot channel is 5,500 feet; of the 18-foot channel, 7,000 feet; and of the 20 1/2 -foot channel about 23/s miles. The mean range of tide throughout this harbor is 1.4 feet, while the extreme range, except during storms, is 4 feet. The esti- .mated cost of the channel across the bars at East Pass, together with the closing of the Dog Island opening, made in 1899, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, was $27,450. No estimate for the balance of the project was made, but the act of March 2, 1907, ap- propriated $60,000 for the work. The estimated cost for maintenance is about $20,000 every five years, or an annual average of $4,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the channel at East Pass and the work at Dog Island (H. Doc. No. 63, 56th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the other work in the project without any prior report having been made thereon. The latest published map is found in House Document No. 227, Fifty- sixth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None, other than boat landings built along the water front on piles bulkheaded and filled in. These are used only by trading steamers plying between Pensacola, Mobile, Apa- lachicola, and Carrabelle. They answer the purpose and no better facilities are required. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-A substantial reduction in ocean freight rates resulted, due to the improved channel, which permits larger and deeper draft vessels to enter, and an increase in exports over that existing prior to the improvement. In addition the improve- ment admits, and has induced coastwise steamers to deliver at Car- rabelle, a large tonnage of merchandise and food articles and the exportation of naval stores. On these articles of freight there has been a favorable influence on rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The United States pipe-line dredge Muscogee, operated by hired labor, carried on dredg- ing operations on the bar at the mouth of Carrabelle River from February 11 to 19, 1930, resulting in the removal of 21,914 cubic yards of material, at a cost of $6,000 for maintenance. The expendi- tures amounted to $5,984.50. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The opening in Dog Island had been closed. The part of the project pertaining to the channel across the bars at East Pass was completed in 1909; that pertaining to the 10-foot channel was completed in 1909; that pertaining to the 18- RIVERS AND HARBORS--MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 845 foot channel was completed in 1913. The turning basin has not been made. The project is 97 per cent completed. On June 30, 1930, the controlling depths were as follows: For the 10-foot channel, 11 feet; for the 18-foot channel, 14 feet; for the bars at East Pass, 19 feet. The costs under the existing project were $57,353.04 for new work and $153,028.20 for maintenance, a total of $210,381.24. This latter amount also represents the total expenditures. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no operations are proposed during the fiscal years 1931 and 1932. Commercial statistics.-All the commerce reported for 1929 used the channel improvement at the mouth of Carrabelle River. There was no foreign commerce. The coastwise receipts, amount- ing to 2,250 tons, valued at $258,681, consisted principally of animal and vegetable food products and naval stores. The coastwise ship- ments, consisting of resin and turpentine, amounted to 422 tons, val- ued at $22,808. These items were carried to Pensacola by the steamer Tarpon. The motor vessel formerly engaged in making daily trips between Carrabelle and Apalachicola, carrying package freight, passengers, and mail, was withdrawn from this service the latter part of 1928, because of decrease of business resulting from the opening of an im- proved highway between these points. One steamer plying between Mobile, Pensacola, Panama City, Apalachicola, and Carrabelle main- tained a weekly schedule. Nearly all other vessels of this port are fishing smacks and gasoline launches owned by fish dealers and naval stores operators. The project depth is required for the steamer Tarpon and for about 80 per cent of the fishing smacks when loaded. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925 --...... - 7, 063 $1, 075, 030 4, 709 1928...-..... _ 3, 407 $243, 820 749 1926---..... - 5, 332 846,887 2,221 1929.......---------- 2, 672 280, 761 .. 1927--..... . 3, 663 439, 816 1, 857 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----__ --------_-----, ___ $79, 057.12 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--____----------------________________ 153, 028.20 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 _-------.--- 232, 085. 32 Net total expenditures .---- _------------------_ 232, 085. 32 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------ -- ________ 232, 085. 32 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work. Cost of maintenance------------------- $7, 989. 42 $1, 399. 26 $1, 568 72 $638 13 $6, 000. 00 Total expended------------------ _---- 7, 989. 42 1, 399. 26 1, 568 72 638 13 5,984. 50 Allotted-----------------, ----- 8,243.44 -------............. 900.00 5,500.00 1,500.00 6,000.00 846 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMVY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----------------------------- $6,408. 05 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 23, 1928 , 00. 00 6------------------------- Amount to be accounted for---------------------------- 12,408.05 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment 6, 423.55 Gross amount expended --------------------------------- 5, 984. 50 3. APALACHICOLA BAY, FLA. Location and description.-ApalachicolaBay is situated on the coast of northwest Florida 160 miles east of Pensacola Harbor. It is about 71/4 miles wide and 14 miles long from east to west, opening into St. George Sound on the east and into St. Vincents Sound on the northwest. The bay is separated from the Gulf of Mexico by St. George Island and communicates with it by West Pass on the west and through St. George Sound by East Pass on the east. The town of Apalachicola, situated on the northern shore at the mouth of the Apalachicola River, is about 14 miles from the Gulf of Mexico. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 183.) Originalcondition.--Atthe mouth of Apalachicola River, between the inner harbor and the 3-fathom anchorage area in the bay, there existed a bar of 7,880 feet in width between the 8-foot contours, with a minimum depth of 3.5 feet. The anchorage area along the north- ern shore of St. George Island, comprising 43/4 square miles, had a depth of 18 feet or more, to which access was had through West Pass, with a controlling depth of 11/2 feet. The depth over Bulkhead Shoals, separating Apalachicola Bay from St. George Sound, was less than 41/2 feet. Link Channel, connecting the anchorage ground and West Pass, had a minimum depth of 16 feet. The widths of channels are not of record. Previous projects.-Between 1833 and 1839 the sum of $18,700 was expended, but apparently without any definite project of record. The original project was adopted by Congress in the river and har- bor act of June 14, 1880, and the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899, amended and extended it. Work under existing project was begun in 1907. The total cost and expenditure on the original and amended projects since 1833 were $303,379.26, of which $134,613.50 was for new work and $168,765.76 for maintenance. (For further details of previous projects see p. 1833, Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for a channel from the Gulf of Mexico 10 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide through West Pass and Link Channel, and 100 feet wide thence to the town of Apalachicola, and for a channel 9 feet deep and 100 feet wide through Bulkhead Shoals. The mean range of tide throughout this harbor is 2 feet. The extreme range, except during storms, is about 3 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1927, was $82,144. The latest (1927) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $14,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1907, provided for a channel 18 feet deep through West Pass and Link Channel, 10 feet deep across RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 847 the bar, and 9 feet through Bulkhead Shoals (H. Doc. No. 422, 59th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of January 21, 1927, provided for the present dimensions of the project (H. Doc.No. 106, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.--None other than small landings for river- boat traffic built along the water front on piles, bulkheaded and filled in. They answer the purpose, and no better facilities are required. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement at the mouth of Apa- lachicola River has increased the facilities for commerce at this port. In addition, the improvement admits and has induced coastwise steamers to deliver at Apalachicola a large tonnage of merchandise and food articles and has resulted in an increase in the shipment of naval stores. On these articles of freight there has been a favor- able influence on rail rates. The work accomplished on Link Channel and West Pass has had no commercial effect. It is estimated that 40 vessels, with draft not exceeding 8 feet, use the harbor for refuge. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. pipe-line dredge Mtacogee, operated by hired labor, carried on dredging operations July 1 and 2, 1929, and from November 27, 1929, to February 9, 1930, removing 180,573 cubic yards of material from the River Bar Channel at a cost of $32,464.79. In addition, the U. S. hopper dredge Absecon, rented from Jacksonville (Fla.) district and operated by hired labor, was employed in dredging operations at West Pass from July 1 to August 2, 1929, and from October 3 to October 8, 1929, resulting in the removal of 53,595 cubic yards of material at a cost of $20,271.25. The total yardage removed was 234,168 at a total cost of $52,736.04, charged to maintenance. The expenditures were $56,431.19. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project as modified in 1927 has been completed. A timber bulkhead 9,874 feet in length was constructed to protect the already completed 10-foot channel at the mouth of the Apalachicola River. This bulkhead was destroyed during 1916 by two severe storms, and has never been rebuilt, although most of the piling remain in place. The controlling depths on June 30, 1930, were as follows: River Bar Channel, 9.2 feet; St. Georges Channel, 7.2 feet; Link Channel, 9.2 feet; West Pass, 11.5 feet; and Bulkhead Shoals, 9.6 feet. Over the latter channel widths are somewhat contracted. The costs under the existing project were $82,144.59 for new work and $359,745.62 for maintenance, making a total of $441,890.21. The total expenditures were $441,257.65. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended on June 30, 1930, amounting to $31,831.88 will be applied to restoring project dimensions, as follows: Maintenance : Dredging in River Bar Channel employing 1 United States hydraulic pipe-line dredge about 21/ months in September, October, and November, 1930, at $10,000 per month---------- $25, 000. 00 Engineering, administration, and contingencies_------------___ 5, 199. 32 Outstanding liabilities---------------------- --------- --- 632. 56 Total---------- .31, 831.88 11714---ENG 1930----54 848 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. . ARMY, 1930 The above funds will be expended at the rate of about $8,330 per month, in September, October, and November, 1930, and at an aver- age rate of about $690 per month during the remainder of the time until June 30, 1931, when it is expected all funds will be exhausted. Maintenance is required annually. The additional sum of $22,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Maintenance: Dredging in River Bar Channel employing one United States hy- draulic pipe-line dredge, 2 months at $10,000 per month------- $20, 000 Engineering, administration, and contingencies__ ----------- 2, 500 Total ------------------------- 22, 500 The above amount is greater than the average expended annually for maintenance in the preceding five years. The hurricane of 1929 in this locality carried a large amount of sand into the bay, which appears to have increased the shoaling in the dredged channel. Commercial statistics.--All the commerce reported for 1929 used the improvement through River Bar Channel. The receipts amounted to 16,148 tons, valued at $1,063,799, and consisted principally of animal and vegetable food products' shipped from Mobile, Ala., and Pensacola, Fla., of fish, oysters, and shrimp brought to Apalachicola from Apalachicola Bay and contiguous waters, and of resin and turpentine transported from naval-stores camps .in the vicinity. The above commerce is 75 per cent in ton- nage and 80 per cent in value of receipts reported for 1928. The shipments, amounting to 3,720 tons, valued at $215,295, con- sisted almost entirely of resin and turpentine. This tonnage is about the same as for 1928; the decrease in value is due to the decline in naval-stores prices. One steamer maintained regular freight and passenger service be- tween Apalachicola, Carrabelle, Panama City, Pensacola, Fla., and Mobile, Ala., making regular weekly trips. This steamer requires the project depth. One ferry boat makes regular schedule trips from Apalachicola to East Point carrying passengers and vehicles. The usual draft of oyster and shrimp boats was 6 feet. The boat formerly making daily trips between Apalachicola and Carrabelle carrying light freight, passengers, and mail has been dis- continued, because of decrease in business resulting from the opening of an improved highway between these points. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925--...... 22, 906 $2, 060, 082 4, 745 1928___ ... __ . 25, 202 $1,651, 633 9, 518 1926-_.__ -_ 21, 234 2, 083, 100 2, 285 1929--..---. -19, 86 1, 279, 094 12, 783 1927---------- 20,809 1, 598,156 1, 894 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ _____ -__ $216, 758. 09 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 528, 511. 38 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930__ -________ 745, 269. 47 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-- ........ 632. 56 Net total expenditures-......- ------- - 744, 636. 91 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 -- ------------- 31, 831.88 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-...... - - 776, 468. 79 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 849 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------- ---------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance._------------------ $19, 459, 87 $19, 209. 36 $12, 846.13 $14, 250. 71 $52, 736.04 Total expended_.......................... 19, 459. 87 19, 209. 36 28, 860. 35 6,362. 51 56, 431. 19 Allotted --------------------------------- 32,000.00 30, 000.00 51,000.00 -25,381.50 66,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__ -------- $22, 263. 07 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved: Feb. 23, 1927----------------------- ------- $21, 000 Mar. 23, 1928---------------------------- 10, 000 Feb. 28, 1929---------------------------------------5, 000 May 28, 1930--------------------------------------- 30, 000 66, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-------------- ------------ 88, 263. 07 Gross amount expended---------------------------------------- 56, 431. 19 Ba:ance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------- 31, 831. 88 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_ -___ _______ - 632. 56 Balance available June 30, 1930---------------------------31, 199. 32 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June -- -- -- 30, 1932, for maintenance 1____________________________-_ 22, 500. 00 4. APALACHICOLA RIVER, THE CUT-OFF, LEE SLOUGH, AND LOWER CHIPOLA RIVER Location and description.-The Apalachicola River is formed at the southwest corner of the State of Georgia by the junction of the Chattahoochee and Flint Rivers and flows south a distance of 112 miles, emptying into Apalachicola Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey Chart No. 183.) About 44 miles above the mouth of the river a cut-off 14/5 miles long leaves the river and a certain part of the water from the river passes through this cut-off and thence through Lee Slough, 61/2 miles long, and lower Chipola River, 81/2 miles long, and reenters the Apalachicola River about 29 miles above its mouth. The general direction of the cut-off is west, and of Lee Slough and lower Chipola River south and southeast. The drainage area of the Apalachicola River, not including the drainage area of the Chattahoochee, Flint, or upper Chipola Rivers, is 940 square miles. Including these tributaries, the drainage area is 19,500 miles. Its average discharge at low water is approximately 6,000 second- feet; at high water it is about 250,000. The low-water stage exists generally between September and November, inclusive, and the high- water stage from February to April, inclusive. This river is tidal in its lower reach, the effect of the tide being felt approximately 25 miles above its mouth, from which point to its source the river is sluggish. The average width between banks of the main river is from 150 to 300 yards and of the cut-off and lower Chipola River approximately 150 feet. The fall per mile on the main river is about 3 inches. Original condition.-The available depth in the main river was 6 feet at low water, except where obstructed by snags and sunken logs, the width of the channel for this depth not being of record. The 1 Exclusive of available funds. 850 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 cut-off, Lee Slough, and lower Chipola River were badly obstructed by logs, snags, trees, etc.; the channel was very narrow and tortuous, although approximately 5 feet deep. The main river was navigable throughout its entire length, as was also the lower Chipola and the cut-off, although the records indicate that Lee Slough was not navi- gable. The Confederate authorities obstructed the river at a point 35 miles above its mouth, causing the river to break through by a channel known as Moccasin Slough into the River Styx, which rejoined the Apalachicola River a few miles below. Moccasin Slough was very narrow, tortuous, and much obstructed by logs, snags, etc. Previous projects.-The sum of $13,000 represents the cost and expenditures between 1828 and 1831, but apparently under no definite project. The division of this amount as between new work and main- tenance is not of record. In the years 1835 and 1836 appropriations amounting to $9,000 were made for the " Chipola River," but there is no record as to expenditures, and this amount is not included in the cost nor expenditures reported on this improvement. Work under existing project was begun in 1875. Existing project.--This provides for a channel in the Apalachicola River 6 feet deep at low water and 100 feet wide, to be secured by the removal of snags and overhanging trees and by widening and straightening Moccasin slough, and for a channel 5 feet deep and 60 feet wide through the cut-off, Lee slough, and lower Chipola River. The range of the tide at the mouth of Apalachicola River is 2 feet, and the variation between low and high water is about 30 feet at the point where the river is formed. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1923, is $106,000, exclusive of amount expended under previous project. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 23, 1874, provided for the channel in the Apalachicola River (H. Doc. No. 241, 42d Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1873, p. 698) ; the act of June 13, 1902, provides for the work in the cut-off, Lee slough, and lower Chipola River (Annual Report for 1889, p. 1416). No map of Apalachicola River has been published in congressional documents. A map of the cut- off, Lee slough, and lower Chipola River will be found in the Annual Report for 1891 opposite page 1696. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-At Apalachicola, Fla., the facilities consist of six wharves built on piling with wooden framework, and all owned by private concerns. Of these two are open to all carriers on equal terms, while the remaining four are used by owners in connection with their business. There are no mechanical handling devices. The landing at Blountstown, Fla., is a natural one, provided with a warehouse, open to all carriers. It has no mechanical handling device. The landing at River Landing, Fla., is a natural one, used in connection with a warehouse erected on trestlework, and the freight is handled by double-track hoist. This terminal is the property of the Seaboard Air Line Railway, and open to all carriers on equal terms. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see II. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 851 Effect of improvement.-The improvement is essential to a large section of the State of Florida, which has no other means of trans- portation of necessary supplies. Water transportation has been made easier, particularly due to opening of the cut-off, Lee slough, and lower Chipola River. Its effect on reduction of freight rates extends through its tributaries far into Georgia and Alabama. River rates are lower than corresponding rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no active operations during the fiscal year, and no funds were expended. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1924. At the end of the fiscal year the contraction works were in fair condition. The controlling depth is 5 feet. Boats drawing 4.5 feet can operate throughout the year at a stage of zero on the River Junction gage. Greater drafts are available usually from January to July of each year. The costs under the project were $108,463.69 for new work and $138,099.70 for maintenance, making a total cost of $246,563.39. This latter amount also repre- sents the total expenditures. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended on June 30, 1930, amounting to $10,000, will be applied as follows: Maintenance : Repairs to contraction works and dredging, employing the U. S. hydraulic pipe-line dredge Muscogee and the U. S. towboat Georgia 1 month (November, 1930) ------------------------ $6, 000 Snagging with U. S. snag boat Albany 1 month (November, 1930)___ 3, 000 Engineering, administration, and contingencies ------------------ 1, 000 Total - ------------------------- -------------- 10, 000 About $9,500 of the above funds will be expended in November, 1930, and the balance will be expended at the rate of about $125 per month. All money will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. No additional funds will be needed in the fiscal year ending June :30, 1932, because past experience indicates that active maintenance operations are required only every two or three years to maintain the depths required by existing commerce. Comnercial statistics.-The improvement was used by all the com- imerce on this stream. Vegetable food products, naval stores, logs and poles, and, for a short haul, sand and gravel, are the principal commodities carried. Rafted logs and poles amounted to 48,000 tons, valued at $280,000; sand and gravel amounted to 103,707 tons, valued at $49,315. The remaining tonnage, which moved by boats and barges, amounted to 13,361 tons, valued at $648,870. The project depth is required for the economical operation of boats carrying freight on this river. A packet line, operating one steamer of 4-foot draft, maintained a regular schedule throughout the year. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925 -.... . 215, 786 $2, 960, 509 1, 478 1928___ -164, 396 $762, 630 290 1926 --- 234,169 2, 068, 635 402 1929_ _ -- 165, 068 978, 221 320 1927......... 222, 822 2, 045, 892 388 852 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, J. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and ftnanol asanmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-_.----.-----------------... $121, 463. 69 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930,---------------_------- 138, 099. 70 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-__,_---. 259, 563. 39 Net total expenditures------------- ------------------------ 259, 563, 39 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ .--- --------------- - 10, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------- 269, 563. 39 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .........................------------------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance------.--------------- $6, 638. 76 $3, 387. 70 $13,213. 70 $108. 65----------.. Total expended.-----------------------. . 6, 638. 76 3,387. 70 13, 213. 70 108. 65--- Allotted...-- ------------------------..... 10, 000. 00 9 000.00 9, 500.00 2,500.00 $10,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 _____ -_______- $8, 186. 61 -___________ Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930_ --- 10, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------------- 18, 186. 61 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-------------- _ 8, 186. 61 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------------- 10, 000. 00 5. UPPER CHIPOLA RIVER, FLA., FROM MARIANNA TO ITS MOUTH Location and description.-The upper Chipola River rises in the southeast portion of the State of Alabama and flows in a general southerly direction through Alabama and northwest Florida for a distance of about 125 miles, emptying into Apalachicola River through Lee Slough and lower Chipola River. For the last 10 miles the upper Chipola River widens into a broad sheet of water filled with cypress trees and known as the Dead Lakes. The cut-off re- ferred to in the description of the Apalachicola River joins the upper Chipola River at the lower end of the Dead Lakes. The upper Chipola River has a drainage area of 1,260 square miles. (See U. S. Geological Survey charts for west Florida.) Its high and low water discharges are not of record. Low water occurs generally from Sep- tember to November, inclusive, and high water from February to April. The current is fairly rapid to a point 35 miles above the mouth, from which point to the mouth it is rather sluggish, becoming decidedly so as it passes through the Dead Lakes. The average width between banks varies from 60 to 200 feet. The fall per mile is not of record. Original condition.-This river was navigable at low water as far as Braxton Landing, about 40 miles above the mouth, and at higher stages steamers and barges navigated the river as far as Marianna, 55 miles above the mouth. The channel was, however, very difficult and had over the shoals a low-water depth of only 2 feet. At Look and Tremble Shoals, 20 miles below Marianna, the river had a fall of 5 feet in 40 feet over a rock bottom. The width of the channel was approximately 50 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS--MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 853 Previous projects.-In 1835 and 1836 appropriations totaling $9,000 were made for "The Chipola'River," but there is no record of the expenditure of this sum. Work under existing project was begun in 1900. Existing project.-This provides for securing a channel 3 feet deep at low water and 60 feet wide from the foot of the Dead Lakes to Marianna, a distance of 55 miles, by rock excavation and snag- ging. The variation between low and high water is approximately 14 feet. The original estimate for new work, made in 1888, was $41,000, exclusive of the cost of necessary plant. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. (Annual Report for 1899, p. 1416.) No map of the upper Chipola River has been published in any congressional documents or annual report. Recommended modifications of project.-The project has been recommended for abandonment. (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None, other than natural landings for river boat traffic. These landings answer the purpose, and no better facili- ties are required. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement between the foot of the Dead Lakes and Look and Tremble Shoals is essential to a section of the State which is not provided with other means of transportation. Below Look and Tremble Shoals improvement has made it possible to maintain regular transportation throughout the entire year. No benefit has been derived from the expenditure above Look and Trem- ble Shoals. It is not known whether freight rates have been affected. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no active operations during the fiscal year and no funds were expended. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project has been completed from Look and Tremble Shoals to the mouth. Practically no work has been done at Look and Tremble Shoals, or from that point to Marianna, a distance of approximately 20 miles. The existing proj- ect is about 75 per cent completed. The controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year, up to Look and Tremble Shoals, the present head of navigation, is 3 feet, which depth is available throughout the year. Greater depths are usually available from January to June. There are no gauges on this stream. The work remaining to complete the project is the improvement from and including Look and Tremble Shoals to Marianna, which would probably require the construction of one lock and dam to carry deep water across these shoals. The construction of a lock and dam, however, was not contemplated in the original estimate, nor included in the project. The costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $36,781.12 for new work and $43,193.43 for maintenance, making a total cost of $79,974.55. This latter amount also represents the total expenditures. Proposed operations.-There were no unexpended funds on June 30, .1930. The sum of $7,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, in snagging the channel for the safety of existing navigation, as follows: 854 REPORT OF -CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Maintenance: Snagging, employing one United States snag boat 2 months, at $3,000 per month ----------------------------------------------- $6, 000 Engineering, administration, and contingencies_ .... ____ __.._ 1, 000 Total----------------------------------------------- 7, 00 This amount is larger than the average annual expenditure for maintenance during the past five years because for economy of opera- tion maintenance has been allowed to accumulate for three years and will therefore be required during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial staltistics.-All the commerce of this stream for the calendar year used the improvement. It consisted of resin, turpen- tine, and small quantities of food supplies, etc., and was handled by a steamer drawing about 31/2 feet of water. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925.....---------- 17,275 $955,702 148 1928__.. . ___ 4,187 $114,260 __________ 1926_-....... 10,975 1,061,290 75 1929. -.-.... 1,365 055---------- 135, 6,800 1927----------.......... 000------------ 300, Cost and financial sunmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_________________ $36, 781. 12 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__-----------------------43, 193. 43 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 79, 974. 55 Net total expenditures --------- __ 79, 974. 55 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--__---------------- 79, 974. 55 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work........ Cost of maintenance--- .....-- - I 91- --- -___$3, 619. 12 $3, 187. 17 -- --- $1, 612.87 ----------- - Total expended__--------- - 3,619. 12 3, 187. 17 1, 612. 87. Allotted -------------------------- --- 7,000.00------------ 9,500.00--... Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----------__ ------------------- $9, 525. 45 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment ------------ 9, 525. 45 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending J1 une 30, 1932, for maintenance---- ....-- --- _ -- - -- - 7, 000. 00 6. FLINT RIVER, GA. Location and description.-The Flint River rises in the west cen- tral part of the State of Georgia, flows in a generally southeasterly direction to Albany, and thence southwest to the southwest corner of the State, where it joins with the Chattahoochee River in forming the Apalachicola River. Its estimated length is about 285 miles. (See U. S. Geological Survey charts for southwest Georgia.) It has a drainage area of 8,200 square miles and an average low-water dis- charge at Bainbridge of 2,500 second-feet. The high-water dis- charge is not of record. The period of average low water extends RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 855 through the months of May to December, inclusive. The average high-water period extends through the months of January to April, inclusive. The river is nontidal and the current rapid in its upper reaches above Bainbridge. The average width of the river between Montezuma and Albany is from 120 to 200 feet, contracted in places to about 80 feet. The fall between these two places is estimated to be about 125 feet, making a fall per mile of approximately 1.75 feet. The fall per mile from Albany to Bainbridge is 1.2 feet, and from Bainbridge to the mouth about 0.6 foot. The average width from the mouth to Albany is 300 feet. Original condition.-The river was navigable at low water from its mouth to Bainbridge, a distance of 30 miles, for boats drawing 3 feet, but the channel was narrow, crooked, and dangerous. Above Bainbridge the river was not navigable at low stages of water, due to obstructions of sand and rock shoals, loose rocks, snags, logs, and overhanging trees, although boats occasionally ascended to Albany, a distance of 103 miles from the mouth at higher stages. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 3 feet deep at extreme low water from the mouth of the river to Albany, a distance of 103 miles, to be obtained by dredging, rock excavation, building contraction works, and removal of snags, and a channel for light-draft steamers at moderate stages from Albany to Montezuma, a distance of 79 miles, to be obtained by the removal of loose rocks, snags, and overhanging trees. The extreme fluctua- tion of stage due to floods was 33 feet, while the average variation between low and high water is approximately 21.5 feet. The esti- mated cost of new work between the mouth and Albany, revised in 1928, is $715,000, and between Albany and Montezuma, made in 1879, $15,100. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 23, 1874, provided for the present channel dimensions from the mouth to Albany (Annual Report for 1873, p. 707) ; the act of June 14, 1880, extended the project to Mon- tezuma (Annual Report for 1879, p. 818). The latest published map is in House Document No. 986, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project. Under date of July 25, 1917, the Chief of Engineers recommended modification of the proj- ect by eliminating improvement of that portion of the river above Albany. (H. Doc. No. 302, 65th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The facilities at Bainbridge consist of a nat- ural landing, with a warehouse, and double-track steam hoist, owned by Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, open to all carriers on equal terms. At Albany the facilities consist of a natural landing with no im- provements. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect on freight rates has been to cause a considerable reduction as far as Bainbridge, Ga., and vicinity, navigation to that point having been rendered much easier and safer 856 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 than under original condition. This improvement also serves a con- siderable section of country between Bainbridge and Albany, which has no means of transportation other than highroads. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The United States dip- per dredge Upatoi and attendant plant removed 18,958 cubic yards of rock and clay, at a cost of $43,659.69, from various shoals between miles 3.6 and 83.1 above the mouth of the river. The total cost of work during the fiscal year was $43,659.69, all for maintenance. The expenditures were $31,004.56. Condition at end of fiscal year.--Work of improvement has been carried on from the mouth to Albany Shoals, a distance of 103 miles, and in this stretch the channel is in good condition for a width of 70 feet. The existing project was 97.6 per cent completed at the end of the fiscal year. The controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year for the portion of the river below Albany Shoals was 3 feet, and at Albany Shoals, 2 feet. Vessels requiring 4 feet of water can operate throughout the year as far as Bainbridge, Ga. Vessels re- quiring a depth in excess of the above can ordinarily operate on the river as far as Albany between the months of November and June. The work still remaining to be done to complete the project to Albany, Ga., consists of dredging shoals at Albany, Ga., mile 103 above the mouth, and widening various dredged cuts from 70 to 100 feet. The costs under the existing project were $549,584.32 for new work and $164,164.19 for maintenance, a total of $713,748.51. The total expenditures amounted to $909,063.58. Proposed operations.--The funds unexpended June 30, 1930, amounting to $56,936.42, will be applied as follows: New work: Operation of the U. S. dipper dredge Upatoi approximately 5 months, July to November, 1930, inclusive, at $6,000 per month --------------------------------------- $30, 000. 00 Care and repair of plant , 000. 00 7------------------------- Engineering, administration, and contingencies ----------- 4, 261. 50 Total ---------------------------------------------- 41, 261. 50 Maintenance: Operation of the U. S. dipper dredge Upatoi 1 month, Decem- ber, 1930-- --------------------- --------------- 6, 000. 00 Care and repair of plant---------------- ----------------- 6, 000. 00 Engineering, administration, and contingencies---------------- 2, 000.. 00 Total_ 1--------------- 4, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities--------------------------------------1, 674.92 Grand total_ ----------- ---------------------- 56, 936. 42 Expenditures will be made at the rate of about $6,500 per month be- tween July 1 and December 31, 1930, and at the rate of about $2,500 per month thereafter. All funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. New work and maintenance dredging will be required during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. The additional sum of $48,500 can be profitably expended as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 857 New work : Operation of the U. S. dipper dredge Upatoi 5 months, at $6,000 per month-------------------------------- --------- $30, 000 Care and repair of plant-------------------------------- 2, 000 Engineering, administration, and contingencies----------------- 2, 000 Total ------------------------------------------------ 34, 000 Maintenance: Operation of the U. S. dipper dredge Upatoi 1 month-__------ 6, 000 Care and repair of plant---------------------- ------------- 6, 500 Engineering, administration, and contingencies----------------- 2, 000 Total --------------------------------- 14, 500 Grand total----------------- -------------------------- 48, 500 Commercial statistics.--All the commerce of this stream, consisting principally of naval stores, vegetable food products, and logs, used the improvement. The total amounted to 9,578 tons, valued at $429,720, and was handled by boats and barges, with a loaded draft of about 4 feet. This commerce is largely confined to the stretch of river between Bainbridge, Ga., and the mouth, but navigation is carried as far up as Albany, Ga., when the stage of water is 3 feet or more. One small packet boat maintained a weekly schedule between Bainbridge and the mouth of the river. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925......___ . 15, 947 $1,341,789 412 1928....._________ 11,800 $196, 205 251 1926.......... 20, 402 810,190 260 1929.....-.... 9, 578 429, 720 162 1927 ......... 18,131 581,120 225 Cost and ftnancial swmmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $549, 584. 32 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-_____-- _______________ 164,164. 19 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 713, 748. 51 ---.-------- Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------------196, 458. 87 Net total cost to June 30, 1930__-----------------__ __ 910, 207. 38 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_________----------------------- 1. 143. 80 Net total expenditures-------------- -------------- 909, 063. 58 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_- ------__-------______ 56, 936.42 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_ _________--966, 000.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work----------.... ---- - $26,016. 46 $30, 116. 95 $25, 778.09 $16, 067. 42 . - Cost of maintenace _ . -. 23, 751. 43 112,999. 63------2,75.4.12.99.. $43, 659. 69 Total cost_....................... _. 49, 767. 89 143, 116. 58 25, 778.09 16, 067. 42 43, 659. 69 Total expended_______...... _____________ 49, 767. 89 143, 116. 58 42, 706. 10 48, 769. 27 31, 004. 56 Allotted .................. ............ 150, 000. 00 45, 000. 00 53, 000. 00 30, 000. 00 56, 000. 00 858 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------------$31, 940.98: Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------ ------- ---- ------- 56, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_ -------------------------- _ _ 87, 940. 98 Gross amount expended----------------------------- $31, 021. 69 Less receipts from sales ------------------------------- 17. 13 31, 004. 56 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------- 56, 936. 42 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------------ 1, 674. 92 Balance available June 30, 1930 --------------------------- 55, 261. 50 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of pojec--------------------------------------------- existng existing project 1_____ _______________ 139, 200. 00 139, 200. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: -- -- --- -- -- -- --- -- -- --- -- --- - For new work 1- - -- -- -- -- ---- -- -- -- ---- ---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 34, 000. 00 For maintenance 14, 500. 00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Total 48, 500. 00 7. CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER, GA. AND ALA. Location and description.-The Chattahoochee River rises in the north central part of the State of Georgia and flows in a southwest- erly direction to West Point and thence in a southerly direction to join with the Flint at the southwest corner of the State of Georgia, forming the Apalachicola River. Its length is approximately 418 miles. (See U. S. Geological Survey charts for northwest Georgia.) The drainage area of this river is 9,100 square miles. It has an average low-water discharge at West Point (about 200 miles above the mouth) of 1,564 and an average high-water discharge of 40,693 second-feet. The low-water stage generally exists between the months of May and December, inclusive, and the high stages be- tween the months of January and March, inclusive. The river has an average width between banks of about 200 feet at Columbus, 164 miles above the mouth; 300 feet at Eufaula, 100 miles above the mouth, and about 500 feet at the mouth. The fall per mile is 1 foot from Columbus to Eufaula and 9 inches from Eufaula to the mouth. Original condition.-Boats drawing 22 inches were able to reach Columbus, Ga., for about nine months of the year. Navigation was,, however, difficult and dangerous during daylight and impossible at. night, due to large accumulations of logs, snags, overhanging trees,. and to sand, rock, and marl shoals which obstructed the channel. Columbus, 164 miles above the mouth, was the head of navigation. The dimensions of the channel in use are not of record. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, made an appropriation of $5,000 for the section of river between West Point and Franklin, Ga., and appropriations therefor were continued until 1899, when they were discontinued due to unfavor- able report on survey directed by the act of March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 111, 56th Cong., 2d sess.). The cost and expenditures on this project were $19,719.22 for new work. (For further details of previ- ous projects see p. 1834 of Annual Report for 1915.) 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 859 Existing project.-This provides for securing a channel 4 feet deep at low water and 100 feet wide from the mouth to Columbus, Ga., a distance of 164 miles, by the removal of timber obstructions, dredging, contraction works, and shore protection. The variation between average low and high water is approximately 20 feet. The extreme fluctuation is 45 feet at Columbus. The estimated cost of new work, from the mouth to Columbus, Ga., revised in 1924, is $1,156,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $60,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 23 1874 (H. Doec. No. 241, 42d Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1873, p. 699). No map of the Chattahoochee River below Columbus has been printed in any congressional document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The terminals at Alaga, Columbia, and Eu- faula, Ala., consist of natural landings provided with warehouses and hoists, open to all carriers on equal terms. The Atlantic Coast Line Railway connects with the terminal at Alaga and the Central of Georgia Railway with that at Columbia. There are no rail con- nections at Eufaula. These facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. The timber wharf at Columbus, Ga., is owned by the city of Columbus and rests on the river bank on one side and on a rubble retaining wall on the water side. There are no transfer facilities or mechanical handling devices at this wharf. It is open to all carriers on equal terms. There is also a privately owned warehouse with an incline hoist for handling freight at a nat- ural landing about 300 yards below the city wharf. While it is an improvement over the old wharf, due to direct rail connection and mechanical hoist, it is not well suited to economically handle the volume of freight transported by river. It is also open to all carriers on equal terms. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement of this river has re- sulted in giving Columbus and all other points on the river equitable freight rates, which are a material reduction from the rates to all other points not served by the river. The absolute amount of reduc- tion can not be stated, but the effect is very favorable to Columbus, Eufaula, and other river points accessible by rail. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging and dike con-, struction work under contract resulted in the completion of 19 sand and gravel dikes, totaling 2,978 feet in length and containing 44,237 cubic yards of sand and gravel and 2,008 tons of rock, at a cost of $30,644.86 in payments to the contractor and $5,095.02 for surveys, inspections, and administration. Dredging and dike construction work by the U. S. dredge Muwcogee and attendant plant resulted in the completion of 10 new sand and gravel dikes totaling 1,350 feet in length and containing 77,647 cubic yards of sand and gravel and 1,769 tons of rock, at a cost of $49,790.66. The total cost of work during the fiscal year was $85,530.54, all for new work. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $55,472.73. Condition at end of fiscal year.-At the end of the fiscal year dredging, open-channel work, and snagging operations had been 860 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 carried on from the mouth of the river to a point 164 miles above the mouth. The existing project was 94 per cent completed. The controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year at low water was 2.5 feet. Vessels drawing not more than this may operate on the river throughQut the year, and 4 feet can be carried ordinarily from Jan- uary to August, inclusive. No gages are established on this river. The following work still remains to be done to complete the project: Rock removed and dredging at approximately 24 bars and contrac- tion works at 30 points. At the end of the fiscal year some of the works where improvement has been done were in poor condition and in need of repair. The costs under the existing project were $1,036,395.14 for new work and $930,021.31 for maintenance, a total of $1,966,416.45. The total expenditures amounted to $2,165,376.39. Proposed operation,.-The funds unexpended on June 30, 1930, amounting to $39,557.89, will be applied to work on the lower 25 miles of the river as follows: Maintenance : Snagging, employing the U. S. snagboat Albany about 2 months, in August and September, 1930, at $3,500 per month--------- $7, 000. 00 Repair and care of plant------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 Engineering, administration, and contingencies ------------ 4, 370. 69 Total------------------------------------------- -- 21, 370. 69 Uncompleted contract and outstanding liabilities------------ 18, 187.20 Grand total_____------ ---- ------- 39, 557. 89 The above funds will be expended at the rate of about $10,000 per month in August and September, 1930, and at the rate of $1,000 per month in other months. All funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. No active operations are contemplated in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, because existing commerce has been amply provided for. The sum of $9,000 can be profitably expended for examina- tions of the condition of the improvement, care of plant, and for contingencies. Maintenance: Care and repair of plant---------------------------- ------ $7, 000 Engineering, administration, and contingencies .__.-----.--- - 2, 000 Total ------------------------------------------------- 9, 000 Commercial statistics.-All the commerce reported for this stream used the improvement. Logs and naval stores were the principal commodities transported, except for sand and gravel dredged from the river and moved over a very short haul. The sand and gravel moved amounted to 70,092 tons, valued at $24,530; the logs and poles barged amounted to 6,680 tons, valued at $48,270; the remaining commerce amounted to 1,649 tons, valued at $109,600. The total ton- nage was handled by boats and barges drawing from 3 to 4 feet. No regular schedule is maintained by the packet boat on this stream. A sand and gravel company and a lumber concern operate on the lower reaches of the river with their own boats. All commerce was on the lower 26 miles of the river. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 861 Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925..._ .... 108, 946 $759, 534 915 1928 .........-- 139, 699 $308, 740 ............ _ 1926--------.......... 1927.......... 3, 570 87, 341 314, 730 292, 560 . ..- 82 1929..-------- 78, 371 182, 400 _........... Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------------- $1, 056, 114. 36 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------- - ____ -- ___ -930, 021. 31 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930__-------- 1, 986, 135. 67 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 _________ 200, 989. 19 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ___-------------------2, 187, 124. 86 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ------------------- 2, 029. 25 Net total expenditures ---------------------------- 2, 185, 095. 61 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------- 39, 557. 89 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ____________ 2, 224, 653. 50 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.....___.. ------------------- $15, 040. 10 $29, 395. 12 $6, 273. 31 $85, 530., 54 Cost of maintenance_ ____-_------------- $121, 033. 01 57, 093. 63 9, 798. 34 ... Total cost -------------- ----- 121, 033. 01 72, 133. 73 39, 193. 46 6, 273. 31 85, 530. 54 Total expended--....-----.......------------------- 121, 033. 01 72, 133. 73 56, 351. 62 22, 837. 02 55, 472. 73 Allotted----------------------------- 60, 000. 00 60,000.00 40, 0 60,000.00 .00. 20,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ____------ $75, 030. 62 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 _- ------------- 20, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_______________________________ 95, 030. 62 Gross amount expended------------ $55, 558. 35 Less receipts from sales --------------------- 85. 62 55, 472. 73 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930________----------------- 39, 557. 89 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 3, 212. 63 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts-------------- 11, 974. 57 15, 187.20 Balance available June 30, 1930----- --- ------- -- 24, 370. 69 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 --------------- 119, 600. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June ----- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 9, 000. 00 8. CHANNEL FROM APALACHICOLA RIVER TO ST. ANDREWS BAY, FLA. Location and description.--This waterway is approximately 36.5 miles in length and extends from a point 6 miles above the mouth of the Apalachicola River in a northwesterly direction to St. Andrews Bay, Fla. This waterway is tidal throughout, with an average 1 Exclusive of available funds. 862 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 width at the bottom of the canal of 65 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 184.) Original condition.--Jackson River, with an average depth of 8 feet, comprised the first 41/2 miles of the route; the next 41/2 miles was in Lake Wimico, with a ruling depth of 21 feet; thence for 81/2 miles by Searcy Creek, with a natural depth of 4 to 12 feet; thence through 10 miles of low ground connecting Searcy and Wetappo Creeks; thence through Wetappo Creek, with a natural depth of 6 feet for 51/2 miles; thence through East Bay, an arm of St. Andrews Bay, with a ruling depth of 31/ feet for 11/2 miles to the 6-foot contour in St. Andrews Bay. Wetappo Creek was the only natural portion of this route availed of by commerce. Previous projects.--None. Existing project.-This provides for a canal 5 feet deep at mean low water and 65 feet wide at the bottom from Apalachicola River to St. Andrews Bay by way of the natural waterways indicated above. Dredging was required over a distance of about 23 miles, the depth of cut ranging from 1 foot to 18 feet. The mean range of tide is 2 feet and the extreme range, except during storms, 3 feet. The esti- mated cost of new work, made in 1910, was $450,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $3,000, but as work is not necessary each year, maintenance is allowed to accumulate, requiring an expenditure of about $15,000 every five years. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 670, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map of this waterway will be found in the Annual Report for 1915, opposite page 2497. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-Several small boats now use this water- way, transporting forest products and general merchandise. New territory has been opened up. There has been no influence on rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no active operations during the fiscal year. The expenditures were minus $1,554.04. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1915. The project depth and width exists throughout the channel except at certain localities in Lake Wimico. The costs under the existing project were $505,930.01 for new work and $9,233.77 for maintenance, making a total of $515,163.78. .Expenditures were the same. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended on June 30, 1930, amounting to $5,989.39, will be applied as follows: Maintenance : Restoring daymarks in channel through Lake Wimico-______ _ $1,989. 39 Dredging shoals in channel, employing the U. S. dredge Muscogee one-third month in November, 1930, at $10,000 per month--- 3, 333. 33 Engineering, administration, and contingencies----------------- 666.67 Total---------------_____ __ 5, 989. 39 RIVERS AND HIARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 863 About $4,500 of the above funds will be expended in November, 1930, and at the rate of about $100 per month in other months. All funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. As maintenance has been found to be necessary annually in recent years to accommodate the craft using this waterway, the additional sum of $5,000 can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Maintenance: Dredging shoals by a United States hydraulic pipe line dredge---- $4, 500 Engineering, administration, and contingencies---------- ------- 500 Total----------- ---- - --------------- --- 5, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce reported for 1929 consisted chiefly of animal and vegetable food products, naval stores, and logs barged and rafted. The food supplies were carried from Panama City to naval stores camps located on the canal. The vessels returned to Panama City loaded with turpentine and resin. The total commerce amounted to 31,758 tons, valued at $480,596, of which 27,000 tons, valued at $150,000, were logs floated from the canal to a mill at Millville, Fla., and 1,840 tons of hardwood logs, valued at $30,070, were barged through the canal to Panama City for export. Navigation on this waterway is carried on by gasoline launches, small tugs, and barges. These appear adequate for the present de- mands of commerce. The project depth is required for almost all existing commerce. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers _ -[-L'-- 1925-- ....... 4, 692 $469, 926 3, 600 1928-........ 24, 770 $453, 805 850 1926....---------- 2, 787 247, 550 750 ---------- 1929... 31, 758 380, 596 900 1927---------- ... 36,614 423, 085 650 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------------- $505, 930. 01 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------------- 9, 233. 77 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------------515, 163. 78 Net total expenditures------------------------------------------ 515, 163. 78 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------------- 5, 989. 39 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------- 521, 153.17 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-.... Cost of maintenance__ __------------------ $24, 763. 59 $7, 879.24 $2, 268. 68 $3, 853. 62 Total expended--------------------------- 24, 763. 59 7, 879. 24 4, 480. 88 -60, 833. 08 -$1, 554.04 Allotted------ ---------------------------- 4,000.00 4, 000. 00 4, 000. 00 -62, 746. 83 -1, 000.00 11714---G 1930-----55 864 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ..--.------ __--_----- $5, 435. 35 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930----------------------------------------- 4, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_-----______--___--_____ 9, 435. 35 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment .__________--_ 5,000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for_________________________ 4, 435. 35 Gross amount expended-_ , 554. 04 -1-__-_ Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------_________________ 5, 989. 39 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 1932, for maintenance 5, 000.00 9. ENTRANCE TO ST. JOSEPHS BAY, FLA. Location and description.-St. Josephs Bay is located on the north- west coast of Florida 115 miles east of Pensacola Harbor. It is 13 miles long from north to south by from 4 to 5 miles wide and is sepa- rated on the west and south from the Gulf of Mexico by a sand spit, from three-fourths to 1 mile in width, connecting with the mainland. It connects with the Gulf of Mexico on the northwest. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 184.) Original condition.-This bay had depths throughout varying be- tween 30 and 36 feet. The entrance to the harbor on the northwest had a depth over the bar of about 20 feet, with widths averaging about 2,000 feet. Steamers drawing from 17 to 21 feet have entered the harbor. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel across the bar 24 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide. The length of dredged channel is 7,330 feet. The average tidal variation is 1.4 feet. The extreme range, except during storms, is about 4 feet. The estimated cost, made in 1912, was $40,000 for dredging a channel of the above dimensions. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 660, 62d Cong., 2d sess.), except that this House document provided for a width of 350 feet, which the river and harbor act amended to 300 feet instead. The latest pub- lished map of this locality will be found in the document referred to. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, authorizing this improvement provided that the sum of $20,000 should be contributed by private parties. This condition was fully complied with, and this sum has been expended in the prosecution of the improvement. The approval of the Secretary of War for the use of the funds for this purpose was given under date of December 21, 1912. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities consist of a timber wharf extending to 22 feet of water. There are no warehouses or mechanical handling devices. This wharf is owned by the Apalachi- cola Northern Railway, whose tracks connect therewith, and is open to all carriers on equal terms. These facilities appear to be adequate 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 865 for present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has facilitated the ship- ment of lumber from Port St. Joe. No influence on rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no active operations during the fiscal year. The expenditures were minus $9.60. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1914. The controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year was 24 feet. The cost of new work was $20,105.99, and for main- tenance $1,402.88, making a total of $21,508.87 paid from United States funds. In addition thereto $20,000 were expended from contributed funds. The total expenditure of Government funds was $21,508.87. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. No operations are proposed during the fiscal years ending June 30, 1931 and 1932, be- cause project depths maintain in this locality with dredging only at long intervals of time. Commercial statistics.-The foreign commerce consisted of the shipment of 3,267 tons of scrap metal valued at $36,406. The do- mestic receipts consisted of food fish and fish for fertilizer manu- facture. This amounted to 9,812 tons, valued at $262,080. The in- crease in commerce for 1929 was due to increased activities in the manufacture of fertilizer from fish. Two steamers cleared drawing about 20 feet of water. All other vessels using the improvement had a draft of less than 8 feet. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers- 1925__-. ._ 14,951 $327,150 ------- _- 1928....---------- 5, 034 $112,368 . 1926 ... .... 19, 352 363, 041- ---- 1929_.-.......13, 079 298, 486--------- 1927.--...... 9, 739 206, 680 Cost andtfinancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------ $20, 105. 99 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 -- ______ 1,402. 88 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_ -- __- -_ 21, 508. 87 Net total expenditures__ _---------- --------- 1 21, 508. 87 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---- ------ __--- 21, 508. 87 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work --------- ------------------------------------------------------- --------------------- Cost of maintenance...._ _ 116. 66 $729. 01 $163. 20 $9. 60 Total expended--__--__----__---_ _____ ____ 116. 66 729. 01 163. 20 9.60 -$9. 60 Allotted___________-------------------- _ 500.00 .......... 1 200.00 1__-_ -291.13 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------ $281.53 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-------------------291.13 Gross amount expended ___________------- -9. 60 1 In addition to this amount $20,000 was spent from contributed funds. 866 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 10. ST. ANDREWS BAY, FLA. Location and description.-St. Andrews Bay, lying behind low sand spits and low sand islands, is located on the northwest coast of the State of Florida, 110 miles east of the entrance to Pensacola Har- bor. The bay proper is parallel with the coast line, is about 10 miles long by 2 miles wide, and is connected at about mid-point with the Gulf of Mexico, through an arm 21/2 miles wide, extending approxi- mately 4 miles in a southeasterly direction. East Bay is a prolonga- tion of the main bay running from its east end and parallel to the coast for about 12 miles. At the eastern end of this bay is the en- trance to the waterway between Apalachicola River and St. Andrews Bay. At the western extremity of St. Andrews Bay are West and North Bays, the former extending northwest about 7 miles and the latter northeast for about the same distance. There are no outlets to the Gulf through these two bays. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 184.) Original condition.-There were two entrances to this harbor, known as East Pass and West Pass. East Pass was the deeper of the two, with an average low-water depth of 11 feet and an approxi- mate width of channel of 300 feet. West Pass had an available depth of 7 feet, with a width of 150 feet. After passing over the shoal at East Pass and about 5 miles therefrom there was a shoal known as Camel Back Shoal, on which there was an available depth of 7 feet at mean low water. From this point to the town of St. Andrew, located on the northern shore of the bay, a distance of about 10 miles, the available depth was from 24 to 35 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 22 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide through East Pass from the Gulf of Mexico to St. Andrews Bay. The length of the channel to be dredged on the outer bar through East Pass was 10,000 feet, while through Camel Back Shoal the distance was 6,000 feet. The mean tidal range is 1.4 feet, and the extreme range, except during storms, is about 4 feet. The estimated cost of this project, made in 1909, was $203,560 for new work. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $25,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 12, 61st Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map of St. Andrews Bay will be found in House Docu- ment No. 789, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of projects.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Terminals consist of nine small wharves lo- cated at various points on St. Andrews Bay and owned by the lumber companies and other private enterprises in connection with their business. These facilities appear to be adequate for present com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvem'ent.-The effect of improvement has been to materially increase facilities for the entrance of deeper-draft vessels, with a consequent increase of water-borne freight. This harbor is used extensively as a harbor of refuge. It has also materially re- RIVERS AND HARBORS--MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 867 duced the rail rates on cotton from interior shipping points to the Atlantic coast. Operations and results during fiscal year.--The U. S. hopper dredge Benyaurd, rented from the New Orleans district and operated by hired labor, carried on dredging operations in the entrance chan- nel from September 9 to 25, 1929, and from June 24 to 30, 1930, re- moving 274,206 cubic yards of material. From August 3 to 27, 1929, the U. S. hopper dredge Absecon, rented from Jacksonville district and operated by hired labor, also carried on dredging operations in the same locality, resulting in the removal of 103,031 cubic yards of material. The total amount removed was 377,237 cubic yards, at a total cost of $33,511.01-all for maintenance. The expenditures were $27,359.18. The increased depths due to the above expenditures, over the area dredged, varied from 1 to 31/2 feet, and the increased width averaged 80 feet. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1914. The usual easterly shoaling of the Hurricane Island Shoal has continued, shifting the deep water to the eastward of the original channel location and causing a curve in the course of the channel at this point. To provide economically for future maintenance and to render more freedom to navigation, dredging operations will be directed toward regaining a portion of the channel area encroached upon by the Hurricane Island Shoal and in flattening the curve just south of this locality by widening the channel width to the west- ward along a channel length of about 1,000 feet. The controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year was 22 feet in the entrance chan- nel, and the controlling width 190 feet. The project depth, viz, 22 feet, exists at Camel Back Shoal, but the width at the inner end is contracted somewhat for a comparatively short distance along the northerly side of the channel. The costs were $203,560 for new work and $397,933.05 for maintenance, a total of $601,493.05. The total expenditures amounted to $595,341.22. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended on June 30, 1930, amounting to $47,218.78 will be applied as follows: Maintenance : Operation of one United States seagoing hopper dredge in en- trance channel about 33 days in April and May, 1931, at $30,000 per month-------------------------------------- $32, 724. 48 Engineering, administration, and contingencies -_____---_____ 6, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities-- _________-------- ----- ____ 8, 494. 30 Total_--------------------------------------------------- 47, 218. 78 The above funds will be expended at the rate of about $16,000 per month in April and May, 1931, and at the rate of about $600 per month in other months. All funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. For the maintenance of project depth to accommodate the existing commerce, the additional sum of $45,000 can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Maintenance : Operation of one United States seagoing hopper dredge in entrance channel 11/3 months at $30,000 per month----- --------------- $40, 000 Engineering, administration, and contingencies ------------ _ 5, 000 Total------ ------------------------ 45, 000 868 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The above amount is greater than the average expenditure for maintenance in the preceding five years, because the loaded draft of the larger vessels now using the harbor require full project depth, while, heretofore, this depth was not constantly needed. Also the hurricane of 1929 deposited large amounts of sand in the channel area, causing more rapid channel deterioration than ordinarily. Co 7nercial statistics.-The exports, amounting to 18,451 tons valued at $318,134, consisted of lumber, timber, logs, and scrap metal. The coastwise shipments amounting to 7,922 tons, valued at $419,- 642, consisted almost entirely of forest products and miscellaneous merchandise. The coastwise receipts amounted to 30,273 tons, valued at $1,250,664. These receipts consisted of 18,000 tons of rafted logs, valued at $150,000, and smaller quantities of animal and vegetable food products, naval stores, and miscellaneous merchandise. About 80 per cent of all commerce reported used the improved channel. The tonnage shows a slight increase for 1929, while the values show a considerable decrease. This decrease in valuation is partially due to a decline in the prices of naval stores. Six steamers cleared during the year drawing between 18 and 20 feet, and five between 16 and 18 feet. The domestic commerce requires less than 10 feet depth. One coastwise steamer maintained scheduled trips between Panama City, Apalachicola, Pensacola, Carrabelle, and Mobile during 1929. This steamer draws 9 feet loaded. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925-..-.. .... 77, 186 $3, 900,472 4, 530 1928___- -- -49, 769 $2, 536, 232 2, 227 1926----------....... 50, 335 3,124, 114 3, 100 1929----------.......... 56, 646 1, 988, 440 1, 734 1927...- ...... 50, 242 2,746, 093 2,527 Cost and finanoial snnmmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 -------------------------- $203, 560,00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------- 397, 933. 05 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 601, 493. 05 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------6, 151. 83 Net total expenditures___ ...... __ - -- __ __- 595, 341. 22 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------------- 47, 218. 78 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------_ 642. 560. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work---------------.. Cost of maintenance ---- $9, 333. 89 $7, 702. 62 $56, 763. 93 $3, 272. 79 $33, 511.01 'Total expended .... 9, 333. 89 7, 702. 62 41, 833. 63 4, 052. 61 27, 359. 18 35,1 4000 00.0 4,0.0 500.0 3,0.0 Allotted__ 5, 000. 00 35, 000. 00 35, 000.001 4, 000.001 45, 000.00 r RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 869 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------------$49, 577. 96 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------- ------------------ 35, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for------------------------------- 84, 577. 96 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment------------------ 10, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for_-------------------------- 74, 577. 96 Gross amount expended____-------------------------------------_ 27, 359. 18 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 47, 218. 78 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_----- ____----------- __ 8, 494.30 Balance available June 30, 1930- _______------------ 38, 724. 48 Amount that can be profitably - expended in fiscal year ending June 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 1932, for maintenance __ 45, 000. 00 11. CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVER, FLA. AND ALA. Location and description.-The Choctawhatchee River rises in the southeast paru of the State of Alabama and flows in a southerly di- rection for a distance of about 200 miles through Alabama and Florida, emptying into the eastern end of Choctawhatchee Bay, about 64 miles east of Pensacola Harbor. The outlet from Choctaw- hatchee Bay is through Santa Rosa Sound and Narrows, which enter this bay approximately 30 miles from the mouth of the Choctaw- hatchee River. There is also a passage from Choctawhatchee Bay into the Gulf of Mexico through East Pass, which lies 6 miles east of the point where the Santa Rosa Sound connects with the bay, but this pass can be used only in fair weather and by small boats. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 185.) The drainage area of this river, not including the Holmes River, is 4,500 square miles; the low-water and high-water discharges are not of record. The low- water stage generally exists through the months of June to October, inclusive, and high water during the months of November to March, inclusive. The river is tidal in its lower reaches, the effect of the tide being felt at a point 8 miles above the mouth. Above this point the river is sluggish for the first 88 miles, with a fall of one-half foot per mile. Above this point the current is rapid, the fall being 2 feet per mile. The average width between banks varies from 200 feet in the lower reaches to 100 feet at Newton. Original condition.-Boats drawing 21/ feet could pass up the river as far as Geneva, Ala., a distance of 96 miles from the mouth. Above this point low-water navigation of less depth could be carried to Newton, about 140 miles from the mouth. The width of channel is not of record, although it is known that it was greatly obstructed by snags, logs, and overhanging trees and by sand and gravel bars. Previous projects.-Work was carried on over this river as far back as 1833. The cost and expenditures up to the adoption of a definite project were $12,876.62, but what portion was for new work and for maintenance is not known. The river and harbor act ap- proved May 3, 1881, authorized certain work, the cost and expendi- tures being $24,513.86. The division between new work and main- tenance is unknown. Work under existing project was begun in x Exclusive of available funds. 870 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY,- 1930 1874. For further details of previous projects see page 1834, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for improvement of Cypress Top Outlet, for maintenance of a navigable channel at low water from the mouth to Geneva, Ala., a distance of 96 miles, by the removal of snags and overhanging trees, and for a channel for low-water navi- gation 3 feet deep and 60 feet wide between Geneva and Newton, Ala., a distance of 44 miles, to be obtained by the removal of hard, blue-clay obstructions, by rock excavation, and by the removal of snags and overhanging trees. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 2 feet, and the extreme range, except during storms, is about 4 feet. The highest stages reached in floods are: 36 feet at Newton, Ala.; 46.1 feet at Geneva, Ala.; and 27.1 feet at Caryville, Fla. The esti- mated cost of new work between the mouth and Geneva, made in 1872, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, was $34,332, and between Geneva and Newton, made in 1889, $57,125. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $12,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 23, 1874, adopted the improvement of that portion of the stream between the mouth of the river and Geneva, Ala. (S. Doc. No. 63, 42d Cong., 2d sess.) ; the acts of August 2, 1882, and September 19, 1890, provided for work between Geneva and Newton; the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the improvement of Cypress Top Outlet. The latest published map is in House Docu- ment No. 688, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modification of project.- None. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.-None; and none are required other than the landings used by small craft. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Beneficial as long as maintained in good condition; results of recent work instrumental in reviving the lum- ber business, new sawmills having been established at several points on the river. The lower Choctawhatchee River offers transportation to a section of Florida without railroads. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. snag boat Choctawhatchee, operated by hired labor, carried on operations dur- ing the month of July, 1929, and from August 22 to September 30, 1929. The work performed was as follows: Snags removed from channel below mouth of Holmes River, 949; at a cost of $7,673.22. Jetty built, 181 lineal feet, at a cost of $1,483.85. During October and November, 1929, the snag boat Chioctawhatchee, equipped with an 8-inch centrifugal pump, removed 4,471 cubic yards of material from the channel at Cypress Top outlet, at a cost of $4,310.96. The total cost of all work for the year was $13,468.03-all for main- tenance. The expenditures were $12,987.96. Under authority of section 1 of the river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912, an allotment of $200 was made from the allotment for this stream for the removal of obstructions in Pine Log Creek, Fla., a tributary of the Choctawhatchee River. This work was done, and cost is included in the above expenditures for the fiscal year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1906. Navigation and operations are now confined to that portion of the river between the mouth and Holmes River, which may be RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 871 regarded as the head of navigation, a distance of 27 miles, and to the lower 9 miles of the east prong, known as East River. The low- water depth in the former portion is 4 feet, and in the latter 2 feet, and in Cypress Top outlet (the mouth of the river), the con- trolling depth is 5.5 feet. No snagging operations have been carried on since September, 1929, causing the navigable channel to be some- what obstructed by snags and fallen trees. Throughout the 27 miles commerce is carried on the entire year, and in East River, nine months of the year for boats drawing 4 feet. During the remaining three months of the year freight is carried by barges towed by gasoline launches. Future work will consist in the removal of over- hanging trees from banks, removal of snags from the channel, re- pairing jetties, and dredging the channel in such localities as may be found necessary. The costs under the existing project were $134,- 494.02 for new work and $222,115.38 for maintenance, a total of $356,609.40. The total expenditures amounted to $364,348.88. Proposed operations.--The funds unexpended on June 30, 1930, amounting to $24,037.26, will be applied as follows: Maintenance : Snagging and dredging, employing the U. S. snag boat Choctaw- hatchee seven months, July, 1930, to January, 1931, inclusive, at $1,200 per month------------------------------------- $8, 400. 00 Care of plant during high-water season and minor repairs------ 1, 500. 00 New hull authorized for the snag boat Choctahatchee-------- 12, 000. 00 Engineering, administration, and contingencies----------------1, 856.93 Outstanding liabil'ties --------------------------------------- 280. 33 Total ------------------------------- 24, 037. 26 Between July, 1930, and January, 1931, these funds, exclusive of the amount estimated for the construction of a new hull for the U. S. snag boat Choctawhatchee, will be expended at the rate of about $1,200 per month, and at the rate of about $660 per month during the remainder of the year for care and upkeep of plant. It is estimated all funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. Annual maintenance is required to provide for the needs of exist- ing commerce. The additional sum of $11,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Maintenance : Snagging and jetty repairs employing the U. S. snag boat Choctaw- hatchee six months at $1,200 per month---------------------- $7, 20u Care of plant during high-water season and minor repairs-------- 2, 000 Engineering. administrat'on, and contingencies------------------- 1, 800 Total - - -- _ 11, 000 This sum is somewhat larger than the average annual expenditure for maintenance during the past five years, due to the necessity of repair to jetties, on which no work has been done in recent years. Commercial statistics.-All commerce reported for 1929 used the improvement. The upstream commerce, amounting to 2,706 tons, valued at $287,- 250, consisted principally of animal and vegetable food products and miscellaneous merchandise shipped from Pensacola, Fla., to points on the Choctawhatchee River about 25 miles above its mouth. The downstream traffic, amounting to 5,769 tons, valued at $141,- 972, consisted of forest products shipped to Pensacola, Fla. Of this total, 3,500 tons, valued at $12,000, were floated logs. 872 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 One steamer, carrying general freight, maintained a weekly sched- ule throughout the year. This vessel requires the project depth. Due to the curtailment of logging operations, tonnage and values show a decided decrease in 1929. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925 .........---------- 64,510 $901,299 316 1928----------.......... 42,517 $675,025 24 1926----------- 50, 658 935,018 41 1929 ----------...... 8, 475 429,222 40 1927.......... 50, 601 806, 824 19 Cost and filancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------ $171, 884. 50 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------------222, 115. 38 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------__ 393, 999. 88 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930_________ 8, 019. 81 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_-__-_____ __-_________-- 402, 019. 69 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 280. 33 Net total expenditures__________ ___---------------------- 401, 739. 36 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------24, 037. 26 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 --- ___-- _ 425, 776. 62 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.. Cost of maintenance--.......----------------- $9, 147. 28 $14, 971. 17 $7, 021. 62 $10,802. 68 $13, 468. 03 Total expended-- 9, 147. 28 .----------------------- 14, 971. 17 9, 706. 09 10, 579. 12 12, 987. 96 Allotted------------------------------ 12,500. 00 17,000.00 25,500.00 7,800. 00 000. 00 10, Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------- $27, 025. 22 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------------ 10, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for----_----- ---- __ 37, 025.22 Gross amount expended --------------------------------- 12, 987. 96 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930__-------------------- 24, 037. 26 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------ 280. 33 Balance available June 30, 1930--------------------------- 23, 756. 93 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1__ ___________ 11, 000. 00 12. LA GRANGE BAYOU, FLA. Location and description.-La Grange Bayou is an arm of Choc- tawhatchee Bay, Fla., entering the latter from the north at a point about 51/2 miles from its most easterly limits. It is 2 miles in length and has an average width of one-third mile. It is tidal throughout. The normal range of tide is about 1.4 feet, and the extreme range, 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 873 except during storms, is about 3 feet. Flowing into the head of this bayou is Four Mile Creek, a deep, sluggish stream, also tidal. One and one-half miles above the mouth of this creek is located the small town of Freeport, Fla., which is the head of existing navigation. La Grange Bayou is 70 miles east of the port of Pensacola, Fla., with which it is connected by an inland waterway through the narrows of Santa Rosa Sound, Santa Rosa Sound, and Pensacola Bay. The adjacent port on the east, St. Andrews Bay, Fla., is 83 miles distant, and is isolated commercially from La Grange Bayou, since East Pass, the entrance from Gulf of Mexico into Choctawhatchee Bay, is not as commercial channel, and there is no inland waterway connection. The locality is shown on United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 185. Original condition.-The only data available concerning the origi- nal condition of La Grange Bayou is that contained in a report sub- mitted in 1881 and printed in the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 1882, page 1318. The controlling depth at mean low water was about 3 feet. Previous project.-Pursuant to the report of 1881 a plan of im- provement was adopted under an act of Congress approved March 3, 1881. This plan contemplated the deepening of the channel through the bayou by dredging, so as to accommodate vessels drawing 41/2 feet at mean low water. The total cost and expenditures on this improvement were $2,160.80. Following a report of 1889, the Secre- tary of War directed that no further expenditures be made. No work of improvement or maintenance has been done since 1887. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep, 100 feet wide, and approximately 10,700 feet long, extending from near the mouth of La Grange Bayou to the mouth of Four Mile Creek. The normal range of tide is about 1.4 feet. The estimate of cost of new work (1921) is $38,000. Of this sum, $9,500 is to be contributed by local interests. The (1921) estimated cost of maintenance is $1,000 per annum. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 111, 67th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Local interests are required to contribute $9,500 before any expenditure is made by the Government. This con- tribution has not yet been made. Terminal facilities.-None, except small wharves and landings for small craft, which are adequate. Effect of improvement. No work under the existing project has been done. Operations and results during fiscal year.--No operations were car- ried on and no expenditures were made during the fiscal year, due to the failure of local interests to meet the provision for cooperation contained in the act adopting the project. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The channel at La Grange Bayou on June 30, 1930, had a width of 60 feet and an average depth of 4.8 feet. The controlling depth is normally 4 feet at mean low water. With low tides it is reduced to 3 feet. The head of navigation is Freeport, Fla. In Four Mile Creek the minimum depth is 9 feet. 874 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1930 No work has yet been done nor have any expenditures been made on the existing project. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no operations are contemplated during the fiscal years ending June 30, 1931 and 1932, due to nonfulfillment of conditions of local cooperation. Comimercialstatistics.-The upstream commerce for 1929 amounted to 3,142 tons, valued at $262,543, and consisted chiefly of animal and vegetable food products and miscellaneous merchandise shipped from Pensacola to Freeport, Fla. The downstream traffic, amounting to 5,743 tons, valued at $199,590, consisted entirely of forest products shipped from Freeport to Pensacola. The decrease in volume and valuation of downstream traffic was due to inactivity in the naval-stores market. One steamer carrying package freight and passengers maintained a weekl-: 'chedule between Freeport and Pensacola throughout the year. fhe loaded draft of this vessel is 51/2 feet. Barges drawing from 4 to 6 feet were used in the transportation of lumber. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925__.... 10, 424 $1,072, 226 258 1928 ....... 7, 916 $617, 488 2, 223 1926 .... _ 8, 045 879, 088 42 1929. -_ . 8, 885 462,133 1,620 1927..........10, 360 809, 818 3, 023 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__------ ---------------- $2, 160. 80 Net total expenditures ---- --------------------------- 2, 160. 80 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_______________________ 10, 00. 00 Fiscal ye-zr ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Coast of new work ...-- -- - Cost of maintenance Total expended -_ -- --- - - Allotted------- - Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of exist- ing project------------------------------------- $28, 500 13. HOLMES RIVER, FLA. Location and description.-The Holmes River rises in the south- east corner of the State of Alabama, near the State line. It flows southwesterly through Alabama and Florida for a distance of about 60 miles, emptying into the Choctawhatchee River at a point 271/2 miles above its mouth. This river has a drainage area of 509 square miles. The high and low water discharges are not of record. The SOf this amount $7,839.20 was spent on improvement of Holmes River, Fla. (Vernon to its mouth). 2 In addition to this amount local interests are requested to contribute $9,500. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 875 low-water season ordinarily occurs during the months of July, Au- gust, and September, and high-water navigation can be carried on from December to March, inclusive. This river is nontidal, with a sluggish current, and a fall of about one-half foot per mile. The width between banks is generally 50 to 80 feet, though at places it broadens to 200 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey Chart for west- ern Florida.) Original condition.-This stream was badly obstructed by snags, sunken logs, fallen timber, and overhanging trees, and was available for navigation only by small craft and barges from the mouth to Vernon, a distance of 25 miles. The minimum usable low-water depth was about 31/2 feet. Rafting was carried on as far up as the Louisville & Nashville Railroad bridge, about 50 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-An appropriation for this river was made as early as 1844, but apparently under no definite project. Work under existing project was begun in 1890. Existing project.-This provides for securing a navigable channel from the mouth to Vernon, Fla., a distance of 25 miles, by the removal of logs, snags, and overhanging trees. The project was adopted with- out any reference to width or depth. The variation between high and low water is about 8 feet at the mouth and 12 feet at Vernon. The original estimate for new work, made in 1880, was $5,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888. (Annual Report for 1882, p. 1308.) The latest pub- lished map of Holmes River is in House Document No. 820, Sixty- third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None; and none are required other than the natural landings now in use. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Up to and including the year 1924, im- proved condition of the channel rendered transportation better and dependable, and in connection with the Choctawhatchee River served a large territory. The extension of a railroad to Vernon, the head of navigation, so reduced river traffic that commercial boats have withdrawn, and at present no traffic exists. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no active operations and no expenditures during the fiscal year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1893. At the close of the fiscal year the controlling depth to Parish Landing, 14 miles from the mouth, was 4 feet at mean low water and 3 feet from this point to Vernon, 28 miles above the mouth. The total costs were $8,562.05 for new work and $38,813.21 for main- tenance, making a total of $47,375.26. The total expenditures were $47,375.26. Proposed operatios.-No funds are available. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as the channel dimensions of this stream are ample for the needs of existing commerce. Commercial statistics.-Duringthe latter part of 1904 a railroad was extended to Vernon, Fla., and other points on the Holmes River. The steamer then plying between Pensacola, Fla., and points on this 876 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 stream discontinued service. For the past five years there has been no commerce on this river. Cost and finam tal summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------- $8, 562. 05 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 38, 813. 21 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 47, 375. 26 Net total expenditures -------- --------------------------- 47, 375. 26 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 -------------------- 47, 375. 26 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 C'Cost ost of new work_- ........................ of maintenance__-------------------_ $1, 745. 78 $343. 90 $399. 67------------------- "Totalexpended...... ......... 1, 745. 78 ..----------------------- 343. 90 399. 67 Allotted...................---------------------------..----------------------- 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------------$404. 74 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment------------------- 404. 74 14. EAST PASS CHANNEL FROM THE GULF OF MEXICO INTO CHOC- TAWHATCHEE BAY, FLA. Location and description.-This is the entrance from the Gulf of Mexico into Choctawhatchee Bay at the eastern end of Santa Rosa Island. It is 41 miles east from the west pass entrance into Pensa- cola Bay and 57 miles west from the entrance to St. Andrews Bay. The opening is about 1,000 feet wide and the length is 750 feet between the 12-foot contour in Choctawhatchee Bay and the 12-foot contour in the Gulf of Mexico. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 185.) Original condition.-Usually East Pass entrance is narrow, the channel crooked, shallow, and shifting. In 1911 there was a narrow channel with 6 feet depth. Several years prior to that date there was an available depth of 11 feet. The hurricane of September, 1926, reduced the depth in the entrance to about 31/2 feet. In 1928 there 'was an available depth of 51/2 feet at mean low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the maintenance of a channel not less than 6 feet deep and 100 feet wide from Choctawhatchee Bay into the Gulf of Mexico, at an estimated annual cost of $600. The mean range of tide is 1.4 feet. The extreme range, except during storms, is 3 feet. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 209, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). There is no published map of the locality. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local coo peration.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-No work has yet been done on this project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The inner end of old East Pass Channel had shoaled to about 31/2 feet. The flood waters of March, 1929, cut an opening 1,300 feet wide at mean low water through Santa Rosa Island at a point about 1.6 miles west of the old East RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 877 Pass Channel. The new channel is just south of Moreno point, and gives a more direct route to Choctawhatchee Bay. In May, 1929, the controlling depth through this new channel, for a width of 300 feet, was 11 feet. It is believed that this new channel will maintain itself for at least a depth of 6 feet, and consequently no work is deemed necessary on the existing project at the present time. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no operations are proposed for the reasons given in the preceding paragraph. Commercial statistics.-The commerce is comprised almost en- tirely of fish, caught along the outside beach and in the Gulf of Mexico and brought into Choctawhatchee Bay, thence to Niceville and Pensacola for interior shipments. There are about 20 gasoline launches employed in this traffic. The loaded draft of these boats is from 4 to 61/2 feet. Prior to 1928 tonnage and value of this com- merce is not of record. For 1928 fish brought inward through East Pass amounted to 565 tons, valued at $108,000, and for 1929, 623 tons, valued at $78,000. Cost and finamncial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_- -- --- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------------ Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ----------- 15. NARROWS IN SANTA ROSA SOUND, FLA. Location and description.-This is a narrow body of water about 34 miles in length, with a width ranging from 11/2 miles at its junc- tion with Pensacola Bay on the west to a width of about 150 yards at the east end, where it joins Choctawhatchee Bay. It is separated from the Gulf of Mexico by a narrow sand island known as Santa Rosa Island. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 186.) Original condition.-There existed a controlling depth through the sound of 6 feet, with varying widths, except at the narrows toward the eastern end, where at several places a limiting depth of 4 feet and width of 60 feet prevailed. This was also the limiting depth over the bar at the entrance to Choctawhatchee Bay. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water with no reference to width. This project included dredg- ing a channel 3,000 feet long through the bar at the entrance of the narrows into Choctawhatchee Bay and various other short channels' into Santa Rosa Sound, aggregating a total of 9,200 feet additional. The mean range of tide in the sound is 1.4 feet. The extreme range, except during storms, is about 3 feet. The estimated cost of new work was $24,000. The estimated cost of maintenance is $2,000 per annum. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act approved June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 565, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). No map of this work has been published in a printed document or report. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None, other than natural landings and about 12 small boat landings used by fishing boats and trading launches plying between Pensacola and points on Santa Rosa Sound and 878 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Choctawhatchee Bay. These facilities appear to be adequate "for present commerce. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The increased depth now available has facilitated and enlarged a trade in the transportation of cypress and pine logs, lumber, naval stores, and general merchandise between Choctawhatchee River, points on Choctawhatchee Bay, Santa Rosa Sound, and Pensacola. It has also resulted in the development and in a greatly increased population of the district along the waters named. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no active operations during the fiscal year, and no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1912. On June 30, 1930, the controlling depths were as follows: Williams Creek, 7.4 feet; Circular Crossing, 7 feet; Newton Cut, 7.6 feet; Rodgers Crossing, 8.5 feet; McManns Crossing, 8.3 feet; Choctawhatchee Bar, 7.5 feet. A channel width of 100 feet existed throughout the improvement, with the exception of Circular and McManns Crossings, where a width of only 70 feet existed. The costs were $22,525.86 for new work and $15,104.60 for maintenance, a total of $37,630.46. This latter amount also represents the total expenditures. Proposed operations.-There were no unexpended funds on June 30, 1930. In order to maintain the project depth and provide for existing commerce an additional sum of $3,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Maintenance: Dredging by contract to restore the project depth------------------ $3, 000 Engineering, administration, and contingencies -------------------- 500 Total _____ ____ 3, 500 The above amount is larger than the average annual expenditure for maintenance during the past five years because, for reasons of economy of operation, maintenance dredging is done only every three or four years. Dredging was last done in 1926, and will again be required in the fiscal year 1932 to accommodate existing com- merce. Commercial statistics.-All the commerce reported for 1929 used the improvement. The entire commerce amounted to 52,888 tons, valued at $2,359,618. Of this, 11,978 tons, valued at $1,209,230, moved eastward. This con- sisted principally of animal and vegetable food products, hardware, and miscellaneous merchandise shipped from Pensacola to Camp Walton, Valparaiso, Freeport, and points along the Choctawhatchee River. The eastbound traffic was greater, both in tonnage and value, than for 1928. The westbound commerce, amounting to 40,914 tons, valued at $1,150,388, consisted principally of resin, turpentine, lumber, and hardwood logs. The logs, which were floated, amounted to 3,500 tons, valued at $12,000. These were rafted from the Choctawhatchee River to Pensacola. This westbound traffic was only 55 per cent in ton- nage and 67 per cent in valuation of that for 1928. This marked de- crease was due to the curtailment of logging operations and the decline in price of naval stores. One small steamer made regular biweekly trips through the Nar- rows; two gasoline launches, carrying package freight and passen- RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 879 gers, made regular trips the entire year. These vessels require the project depth. The territory contiguous to the Narrows and Choc- tawhatchee Bay is not served by any railway. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925 .......... 91, 998 $2, 834, 300 3, 668 1928-...._ - -.. 83, 728 $2,933,033 2, 746 1926---------- 143, 439 3, 667, 877 3, 212 1929.......... 52, 888 2, 359, 618 2, 203 1927 --.......... 135, 126 4, 071, 696 1, 955 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------------- $22, 525. 86 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 15, 104. 60 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 37, 630. 46 ------- Net total expenditures__ ----------------------------- 37, 630. 46 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------------- 37, 630. 46 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....------------- Cost of maintenance .------------------- $6, 203. 66 $549.30 $1, 188. 78 $1,186. 69 ------ T o tal exp en d ed __- - - - - - _- _-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1, 745. 78 343. 9 0 1, 188. 78 - 3 , 898. 34 -- ----- Allotted- _ -_ ._. .- _- - _ -.-- __-- - - 3, 700 00 -5, 085. 03 I_ - Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_---------------------------- $4, 484. 51 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment--------------- 4, 484. 51 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance --------------------------------- 3, 500. 00 16. BLACKWATER RIVER, FLA. Location and description.--This river rises in the south central part of the State of Alabama and flows in a southwesterly direction for a distance of 75 miles through the States of Alabama and Flor- ida, emptying into Blackwater Bay, through which and thence through East Bay access may be obtained to Pensacola Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 186.) The drainage area of this river is 1,070 square miles. The high and low water dis- charges are not known, but that portion of the river under improve- ment is tidal and is little affected by the river discharges. This river is tidal as far as 27 miles from the mouth. Above this point the current is rapid. The average width between banks varies be- tween 100 and 400 feet; the fall per mile above the tidal section of the river is reported as about 21/2 feet. Original condition.---The channel as far as Milton, 10 miles from the mouth, had a mean low-water depth of 6 feet, with varying widths. Above Milton the stream was navigable for a distance of 13 miles for boats drawing less than 3 feet, and above this point rafting had been carried on to a point 35 miles above the mouth. 11714--ENG 1930- 56 880 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Previous projects.-The original project for this improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899. The total cost and expenditures under this project were $5,000, division between new work and maintenance not being of record. Work under existing project was begun in 1906. For further details of previous projects see page 1834, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 9 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from the mouth to Milton, a distance ,of 10 miles, to be secured by dredging at necessary points. The river is tidal throughout the portion under improvement. The mean range of tide is 2 feet, and the extreme range, except during storms, is 3 feet. The estimated cost of new work made in 1902, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, was $15,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of -March 3, 1905 (H. Doc. No. 193, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). There is no :map of the Blackwater River published in any congressional docu- ment or annual report. Recommended modifications of prroject.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is a timber wharf at Milton and one at Bagdad, both pile structures, extending to 16 feet of water; no mjechanical appliances; open to all carriers; and no railway connec- tions. These facilities appear to be adequate for present commerce. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Transportationfor a large lumber indus- try has been greatly facilitated; also a fair trade in general merchan- dise, naval stores, and crossties between Pensacola and Milton, Fla. It is estimated that 35 vessels, with a draft not exceeding 9 feet, use the lower river as a harbor of refuge during severe-storms on the -Gulf Coast. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging operations -on the Dog Farm and Hunts Bars were carried on under contract from July 12 to 24, 1929, resulting in the removal of 14,540 cubic yards from these two localities, at the contract price of 40 cents per cubic yard. The total cost was $5,816. Under separate contract dredging operations were carried on from March 15 to 27, 1930, resulting in the removal of 11,026 cubic yards at the contract price of 40 cents per cubic yard, or $4,410.40. The total yardage removed was 25,566, .at a cost of $10,226.40 for dredging, and for surveys, inspection, and administration, $2,092.05; making a total cost of $12,318.45. Ex- penditures were the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1916. The controlling depths as of June 26, 1930, were 9.7 feet at :Hunts Bar and 9 feet at Dog Farm Shoals. Ordinarily boats of 8- foot draft ply between Pensacola and Milton, Fla., the head of navi- gation, throughout the year. Project requirements obtain through- out the remaining portions of the channel. The costs under the ,existing project were $36,649 90 for new work and $62,050.46 for -maintenance, a total of $98,700.36. The expenditures were $98,700.36. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance of ($979.35) remaining unexpended on June 30, 1930, to examinations :and surveys for the purpose of ascertaining the condition of the RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 881 channel. It is estimated that all funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as the present condition of the channel is sufficient for the needs of existing commerce. Commercial statistics.-All of the commerce reported for 1929 used the improvement between the mouth of the river and Milton, Fla. The upstream commerce consisted of fresh fish. The downstream -commerce, amounting to 56,454 tons, valued at $1,179,000, consisted of lumber, timber, and resin. The timber, 5,200 tons, valued at $104,000, was rafted; the lumber and resin were carried on barges from Bagdad to Pensacola, Fla., for export. These barges draw from 4 to 10 feet. The project depth was required for the tugs towing barges, and for some barges. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925 8,931 $1, 344, 730 135 1928 57, 916 $1,169,455 1926.. 92, 033 2, 021,932 111 1929---------- 56, 666 1,204, 520- 1927_---------- 57, 551 1,414, 607 146 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------ __---________ ___ $41, 649. 90 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_---___-- ___________ __ 62, 050. 46 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930__________ 103, 700. 36 Net total expenditures_------------__ 103, 700. 36 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 979. 35 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930______________ 104, 679. 71 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------------------------------------------------------------- - -- Cost of maintenance ._________....____ .. _ $1,216. 10 $1, 494. 00 $947. 51 $9. 81 $12, 318. 45 .. "Totalexpended _________________-------.. 1, 216. 10 1,494. 00 947. 51 -5, 610. 48 12, 318. 45 Allotted ........----------------------------- 1,000.00 1,000.00 -2,500.00 1,379.71 - 6,200.00 IBalance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------- __ _ $7, 097. 80 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Apr. 15, 1926________________ -- -____________ $500 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 23, 1928_________________---------__________ 5, 700 6,200.00 Amount to be accounted for-...----------- __-____ ___ 13, 297. 80 -Gross amount expended ----------- -------------- - 12, 318. 45 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---- ------ -------- 979. 35 17. ESCAMBIA AND CONECUH RIVERS, FLA. AND ALA. Location and description.-One slream, rising in central Alabama below Union Springs, flows southwesterly to Florida State line, 882 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 thence southerly through Florida to Escambia Bay, an arm of Pen- sacola Bay. In Alabama approximately 168 miles long, and known as Conecuh River; in Florida 651 miles long, and known as Es- cambia River. Drainage area 4,200 square miles. Estimated low- water discharge 1,600, and, at 4-foot stage, 6,500 second-feet. Low water occurs from April to December, inclusive, with 3-foot stage from December to April, inclusive. Tidal to about 15 miles above mouth; beyond sluggish, except at bars. At the Florida line 200 feet wide; above decreases to about 100 feet 150 miles from the mouth; below State line broadens out at certain points to 200 feet. Fall per mile between mouth and a point 114 miles above 51/2 to 8 inches; above varying from 14 to 30 inches per mile. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 186.) Original condition.-The Conecuh River was impassable for boats and could be navigated by rafts only at stages of 4 to 5 feet. The Escambia River was navigable except at low-water stages for boats drawing 5 feet as far as the State line, but was badly obstructed by logs, snags, and overhanging trees. The mouth of the river was also obstructed by a bar over which depth prior to improvement was about 2 feet, with a width of channel of about 100 feet. Previous projects.--The sum of $5,000, appropriated in 1833, " for the Escambia River only," was expended, but there is no record of the matter other than the appropriation. The river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, adopted the original project for the improve- ment of the Conecuh River, which was later modified by the act of March 2, 1907. The total cost and expenditures prior to the adoption of the present project were $71,175. Work under existing project was begun in 1881. For further details of previous projects see page 1837, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a dredged channel 2,200 feet long, 150 feet wide, and 5 feet deep at mean low water through the bar at the mouth of the river, and a navigable channel from the mouth to Patsaliga Creek, a distance of 147 miles. The channel above the mouth of the river was to be obtained by the removal of certain obstructions to navigation and by the construction of dikes, wing dams, and shore protection to obtain 5 feet to the Florida State line. A navigable channel in the Conecuh River was to be obtained by the removal of snags, closing cut-offs, and constructing wing dams. Dikes and wing dams are of the usual pile and brush type. The mean range of the tide at the mouth of the river is 2 feet, and the extreme range, except during storms, is 3 feet. At the Florida State line the ordinary seasonal fluctuation of stage does not exceed 8 feet. The highest flood stage attained in the record flood of 1929 was 31.3 feet above low water at the Florida State line and 50.6 feet at River Falls, Ala., 144 miles above the mouth. The original estimates for new work, exclusive of the amount expended on previous project, were $25,000 for the Escambia River, including the bar at the mouth, made in 1879, and $31,000 for the Conecuh River, made in 1905. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the channel through the bar at the mouth of the river and to the Florida State line (Annual Report for 1879, p. 852); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for improvement of the Conecrh RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 883 River (H. Doc. No. 159, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The only published map of this river will be found in House Document No. 701, Sixty- third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-The project has been recommended for abandonment. (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. So far as can be learned, none are required other than the natural landings now in use. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The general effect of the improvement was to admit of safe transportation of timber and logs in rafts on a stage of water approximately 3 feet less than under original conditions. No vessels seek this locality as a harbor of refuge. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under contract dated January 25, 1930, dredging operations on a bar immediately inside the mouth of the river were carried on from February 24 to March 12, 1930, resulting in the removal of 9,968 cubic yards of material, at the contract price of 40 cents per cubic yard. The total cost was, for dredging, $3,987.20; for inspection, surveys, and administration, $1,312.80; making a total cost of $5,300. The expenditures were $6,352.91. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted about 1882, at a saving of $8,838.78 under the estimated cost. Operations are now confined to the channel at mouth of river and to bar immediately inside the mouth. On June 30, 1930, the controlling depth in this channel was 7 feet, with a channel width of 60 feet over the bar at mouth and for the first 10 miles above the mouth. Con- ditions are not known above this point, since no work has been done higher upstream for many years. The eosts were $47,161.26 for new work and $92,363.74 for maintenance, a total of $139,525. The expenditures amounted to the same. Proposed operations.-There were no unexpended funds on June 30, 1930. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, because the present condition of the channel is sufficient for the needs of existing commerce. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce reported for 1929 was 76,094 tons, valued at $271,860, and consisted almost entirely of hard- wood logs floated downstream from 13 miles above the mouth of the river to mills at Pensacola, Fla. No boats operate on schedule on this stream. The tugs which handle rafts of logs require the project depth at the mouth of river. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925-...........20, 349 $65, 060 ------ 1928 .........................------------ 37, 202 $150, 100 1926........----. 34, 364 134, 550 ..................... 1929------- ------------ 76, 094 271, 860 1927- ----------- -- 36, 661 149, 240 884 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-----------_-----------__-- $118, 336. 26 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ----------.-.---- - 92, 363. 74 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_--______-- 210, 700. 00 Net total expenditures----------------- ------------------- 210, 700. 00- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930- ------------- - 210, 700. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---- -----------------------------.------------------------ ----------------- Cost of maintenance- ------------------- $849. 75 $241. 54 $215.00 $3, 273.83 $5,300.00 Total expended........--....-----........---.......-------------- 849. 75 241. 54 215. 00 3, 273. 83 6, 352. 91 Allotted.------------..-.-------------------------- 1, 000. 00 3, 500. 00 .-----------.......... 4, 800. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 -___----------------- -- $1,552.91 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved ___7, March 25, 1928-------------------- ---- 000.00 Amount to be accounted for- -------- --------------- 8, 552. 91 Deductions on account of transfer of funds__-------- ------ 2, 200. 00 Gross amount expended 352. 91 6------------------------- 18. HARBOR AT PENSACOLA, FLA.' Location and description.-This harbor is a natural indentation of the coast line of northwest Florida about 40 miles east of Mobile Bay. Its principal axis is northeast, in which direction it is about 13 miles long, its width being approximately 5 miles. It is extended to the northeast by East Bay, into which empties Blackwater Bay, the mouth of the river of the same name. West of East Bay is Escambia Bay, opening into the main harbor and forming the mouth of the Escambia and Conecuh Rivers. At the southeast Pensacola Bay opens into Santa Rosa Sound, through which it has a secondary exit to the Gulf of Mexico by way of East Pass. The main entrance to Pensacola Bay from the Gulf of Mexico is through a pass at the southwest extremity of the harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 186.) Original condition.-The available depth across the inner bar at the entrance to this harbor was 22 feet, the width of channel being contracted by the movement of what is known as Middle Ground Shoal to the southward. The depth of water over the outer bar was practically the same. The channel was also obstructed by wrecks, and the western shore line, in the vicinity of Fort McRee, at the entrance to the harbor, was rapidly eroding, almost the whole of old Fort McRee having been washed away before the erosion was stopped. Vessels drawing 20 feet could load at the wharves at Pen- sacola, and a spacious anchorage area of 5 square miles, with a depth of more than 30 feet, was afforded in close proximity to the city and to the naval station. Previous projects.-The original project was authorized by the river and harbor act approved June 18, 1878, subsequently amended RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 885 and modified by the river and harbor acts of August 18, 1894, and March 3, 1899. Under this project and its modifications the total cost and expenditures were $721,338.21, of which $594,688.55 was for new work and $126,649.66 for maintenance. Work under existing project was begun in 1903. For further details of previous projects see page 1835, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for securing a channel 30 feet deep at mean low water and 500 feet wide from the Gulf of Mexico to the dock line at the east end of the city of Pensacola, and also provides that $150,000 might be used in constructing or purchasing a seagoing suction dredge. Under this project channels to the depth above indicated were required to be dredged for a distance of 10,000 feet through the outer bar and 1,200 feet through the inner bar. The mean range of tide throughout the harbor is approximately 1.4 feet near the entrance and about 2 feet at the head of the bay. The extreme range, except during storms, is about 3 feet. No esti- mate of the cost of new work is made. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $30,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act approved June 13, 1902. The latest published map of the entire harbor will be found in the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1911, opposite page 1684. The Annual Report for 1891, at page 1733, gives the latest detailed map of entrance, while the Annual Report for 1914, at page 2162, gives the detailed survey of the outer bar. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. ter- minals consist of the following four timber-pile piers, served by their tracks and interconnected with those of the Frisco Railway system, open on equal terms, to all noncompeting carriers: One coal- ing pier, 2,240 by 120 feet, at outer end, equipped with elevated track provided with 10 chutes, also 2 coaling towers at outer end; depth of water, 30 feet; berthing space, 2,325 feet; one pier, 1,325 by 105 feet, equipped with 2 warehouses and 8 railroad tracks (1 elevated) ; depth of water 30 feet; berthing space, 2,350 feet; one pier, 1,350 by 140 feet, equipped with warehouse facilities but no mechanical handling devices; depth of water, 30 feet; berthing space, 2,160 feet, and one pier, 200 by 100 feet, without warehouse or mechanical handling devices; depth of water 10 to 28 feet; berthing space, 500 feet. Also one warehouse, on land, 404 feet by 104 feet, connected by rail with the Tarrangona and Commendencia street wharves. The Frisco Railway terminals consist of three piers, with a total berthing space of 3,800 feet, served by their tracks, open, on equal terms, to all noncompeting carriers. One pier is equipped with a coaling tower having a capacity of 600 tons per hour. Depth of water available at these piers is from 18 to 30 feet; ground storage space on waterfront outside of these piers is 23 acres. Palafox wharf is owned by the city of Pensacola, Fla. This wharf, for which berth- ing space is charged, is interconnected with the tracks of the Louis- ville & Nashville and Frisco railroads. The Baylen Street wharf is 886 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 owned by the Warren Fish Co., and used almost exclusively in con- nection with their business. These wharves are of timber construc- tion, having available depths from 10 to 18 feet alongside. The above facilities are considered adequate for the existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 3, Part 2, revised 1929, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The completion of the channel has given greatly increased facilities to the shipping of Pensacola. The ca- pacity of vessels visiting this port has greatly increased on account of the deeper draft available. A steamship line inaugurated between the port of Pensacola and Atlantic ports is now offering freight rates considerably below established rail rates on many commodities. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging operations by the U. S. hopper dredge Benyaurd, rented from the New Orleans district and operated by hired labor, were carried on from August 2 to 7, 1929, from September 26, 1929, to October 26, 1929, and from May 26, 1930, to June 21, 1930, resulting in the removal of 924,664 cubic yards of material from the Caucus and Barrancas channels. In addition to this, various experiments were made in con- nection with a study of sand movement and beach erosion in the vicinity. The total cost was $75,530.65, all for maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $50,928.49. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1915. The channel, marked by the Barrancas Ranges, has a con- trolling depth of 33.2 feet. Throughout other portions of the project channels the controlling depth was 31 feet, with a channel width of 500 feet. The two jetties at Fort McRee are not in good condition. The costs under the existing project were $352,249.74 for new work and $563,729.32 for maintenance. (Included in the latter amount is the sum of $500 of Government funds expended in Bayou Chico, Fla.) The total cost was $915,979.06. The total expenditures amounted to $904,458.91, including the $500 expended on Bayou Chico, Fla. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1930, amounting to $60,329.66, will be expended as follows: Maintenance: Reconstruction of north and south jetties, Fort McRee, leasing Government plant---------------------------------------$29, 510. 60 Care of plant ----------------------------------------- __ 3, 000.00 Engineering, administration, and contingencies--------------- 6, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities -------------------------------------- 21, 819. 06 Total _ ------------------ 0, 329. 66 Expenditures will be made at the rate of about $10,000 per month in September, October, and November, 1930, and at the rate of about $1,000 per month during the remainder of the year. All funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. With a view to further checking erosion of the westerly shore of the channel entrance and providing for contingencies, the additional sum of $36,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1932, as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS--MONTGOMERY, AIA., DISTRICT 887 Maintenance: Extension of north jetty at Fort McRee by Government plant to prevent erosion on west shore of harbor entrance------------$20, 000 Care of plant and minor repairs__ ----------------------------- 6, 000 Surveys-- ___- 2,000 -_____________ Engineering, administration, and contingencies_----------------- 8, 000 Total --------------------------------------------- 36, 000 The above amount is greater than the average annual expenditure for maintenance during the past five years, because of the necessity of making more extensive repairs to the north jetty at the harbor entrance than has been required for many years. Existing commerce requires the full project depth, and the jetty mentioned is essential to the preservation of the channel. Cornmercial statistics.--The total foreign and coastwise commerce reported for 1929 amounted to 919,886 tons, valued at $25,972,240. The imports, amounting to 160,637 tons, valued at $4,001,853, con- sisted principally of chemicals used in the manufacture of fertilizer. The exports amounted to 381,405 tons, valued at $9,664,971, and con- sisted principally of resin, turpentine, cotton, farming implements, bunker coal, and lumber. The coastwise receipts, amounting to 334,187 tons, valued at $9,086,737, consisted principally of animal and vegetable food prod- ucts, resin, turpentine, lumber, gasoline, crude sulphur, and miscel- laneous commodities. The coastwise shipments amounting to 43,657 tons, valued at $3,218,679, consisted principally of animal and vegetable food products, forest products, hardware, and miscellaneous commodities. The forest products were shipped to Atlantic ports. The other commodities were shipped to Gulf ports and to towns on neighboring waters. The improved entrance channel was used for about 80 per cent of the above tonnage. The intransit tonnage, which is largely estimated, amounting to 574,300 tons, valued at $26,472,100, passed over the improvement but is not included in the above amounts. The total commerce passing over the improvement, including cargoes in transit, amounted to 1,307,626 tons, valued at $48,560,520. The usual draft of vessels in the foreign trade is from 14 to 28 feet. Twenty-two vessels cleared, drawing more than 26 feet; three cleared, drawing over 28 feet. Two hundred and nine vessesls cleared, drawing more than 18 feet. The Bull Steamship Line continued its service between Pensacola and Atlantic ports. The coastwise service of the Pensacola, St. An- drews & Gulf Steamship Co. was continued throughout the year be- tween Pensacola, Mobile, Panama City, Carrabelle, and Apalachi- cola, Fla. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925---- ----- 757, 009 $29, 130, 467 4, 476 1928------.... 910, 914 $25, 956, 729 2,926 1926---- 847, 699 27, 229, 179 2, 129 1929_ - - 919, 886 25, 972, 240 2, 731 1927 --- - - 883, 226 24, 073, 931 1,051 888 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--_____-----___--- - -___ $946, 938. 29 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ___ 6____________ 090, 378. 98 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------1, 637, 317. 27 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------------ 8, 263. 85 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 1, 645, 581.12 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 __-- 1------------____ 19, 784. 00 Net total expenditures-----------------------------1, 625, 797. 12 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------- -------- 60, 329. 66 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 1, 686, 126. 78 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .... ------------------ $15, 368. 45 Cost of maintenance......... $74, 707. 29 $12, 219. 62 $7, 165. 55 $75, 530. 65 Total expended ....... __................._ 15, 368. 45 74, 707. 29 18, 050. 89 7, 252. 08 50, 928.49 Allotted----..------------------------- 6,000.00 7,000.00 -500.00 86,000.00 28,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929- .__--------------------- $83, 258. 15 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ------------------------------------------- 28, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for--------------------------- 111, 258. 15 Gross amount expended__-----___---__ - 50, 928. 49 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-----------------------60, 329. 66 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930__-----__---- ------------- 21, 819. 06 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------------- 38, 510. 60 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1 --- ---- --- --- 30, 1932, for maintenance ____________________ 36,000. 00 19. INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY FROM PENSACOLA BAY, FLA., TO MOBILE BAY, ALA. Location and description.--The proposed waterway 74 miles long connects Pensacola, Fla., and Mobile, Ala. The waterway follows Pensacola Bay, Big Lagoon, Old River, Perdido Bay, Bay La- Launch, Wolf Bay, Portage Creek, Bon Secours River and Bon Secours Bay, and Mobile Bay to Mobile, Ala. From Big Lagoon to Bon Secours Bay the waterway is about 32.5 miles long. It will be tidal throughout, with an average width at the bottom of 100 feet, and a depth of 9 feet at mean low water. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1265 and 1266.) Original condition.--The average depth of water for about 1 mile where Big Lagoon enters Pensacola Bay is 4 feet; after entering Big Lagoon there is a depth of water from 19 to 20 feet for a dis- tance of about 7 miles. From this point the line continues for a distance of about 1 mile over a neck of land having an elevation of approximately 4 feet above mean low water to Old River, an arm of Perdido Bay. In Old River the average depth of water is 7 feet, 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 889 and dredging will be required for 1.5 miles to the 10-foot contour in Perdido Bay. A depth of from 10 to 15 feet is then available for about 10 miles across Perdido Bay, Bay LaLaunch, and Wolf Bay. Leaving Wolf Bay the route proceeds 2 miles up Portage Creek, where the average depth is 4 feet, then across a low neck of land averaging 8 feet above mean sea level for a distance of about 6 miles to Bon Secours River, then 2 miles down this stream with an average of 1.5 feet to Bon Secours Bay, and then to the 10-foot contour of Bon Secours Bay. Previous project.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a waterway 9 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide at the bottom from Pensacola IBay to Mobile Bay through the natural waterways indicated above and dredging the connecting links between these waterways. The mean range of tide is about 1.2 feet, and the extreme range, except during storm, 3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1929, is $600,000, with an annual maintenance cost of $20,000 for the first three years and $10,000 annually thereafter. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 42, 71st Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps of this waterway are United States Coast and Geo- detic Survey Charts Nos. 1265 and 1266. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, in adopting the project imposes the condition that local inter- ests shall assume. the cost of constructing all bridges, together with their subsequent maintenance and operation, and shall furnish with- out cost to the United States all rights of way and necessary areas for the disposal of spoil during the construction of the waterway, .and that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for any lands required for the purpose of this improvement. Terminal facilities.-None, except those at Pensacola and Mobile. Effect of improvement.-The proposed canal will furnish a con- necting link between two extensive systems of waterways. It would provide transportation facilities now inadequately supplied by rail and highway to a considerable territory. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-On June 30, 1930, controlling depths over the various portions of the waterway were as follows: Four feet for approximately 1 mile where Big Lagoon enters Pen- sacola Bay; 19 feet for approximately 7 miles up Big Lagoon; a land cut for about 1 mile to Old River, an arm of Perdido Bay; 7 feet in Old River for about 1.5 miles to the 10-foot contour in Per- ddido Bay; 10 to 15 feet from that point for about 10 miles across Perdido Bay, Bay La Lunch, and Wolf Bay; 4 feet for 2 miles up Portage Creek; a land cut for a distance of about 6 miles to Bon Secours River; 1.5 feet for 2 miles down this stream to Bon Secours Bay; and 5 to 10 feet for approximately 3 miles to the 10-foot con- tour in Bon Secours Bay. Proposed operations.-There were no unexpended funds on June 30, 1930. The relative desirability of the improvement in the in- terests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project during the fiscal year 1932. 890 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Commercial statistics.-The only water-borne commerce now ex- isting between Pensacola and Mobile is that carried by coastwise steamer Tarpon, which operates on a weekly schedule. Its business amounts to about 9,200 tons annually, consisting principally of sugar, salt, canned goods, grain, hardware, roofing, oils, paints, rice, bever- ages, fruits, and vegetables. Cost and financia summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------------------ $600, 000 20. ALABAMA RIVER, ALA. Location and description.-The Alabama River is formed 18 miles above Montgomery, Ala., by the junction of the Coosa and Talla- poosa Rivers. From this junction it flows in a southwesterly direc- tion through the State of Alabama for a distance of 320 miles, and unites about 44 miles north of the city of Mobile, in the southwestern part of the State, with the Tombigbee River to form the Mobile River. (See U. S. Geological Survey charts for central and south- west Alabama.) The Alabama River has a drainage area of 22,600 square miles, not including the drainage area of the Coosa River. It has an average low-water discharge at Montgomery of 5,000 second- feet and an average high-water discharge of 125,000 second-feet. Mean low water occurs during the months of May to December, inclusive, and high water occurs between the'months of January to April. The Alabama River is nontidal. The average width at its source is about 400 feet and about 700 feet at its mouth. The fall per mile is 0.5 foot from its source to Selma, a distance of 100 miles, and 0.28 foot from Selma to the mouth. Original condition.-The Alabama River has always been navi- gable for light-draft boats throughout its entire length. Navigation was, however, badly obstructed by logs, trees, and gravel shoals at many places, over which the minimum usable depth at low water was. about 2 feet. The width of the navigable channel varied from 100 feet in several restricted localities to 500 to 600 feet in others. The head of navigation was at Wetumpka, on the Coosa River, about 11 miles above the junction of that stream with the Tallapoosa River. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of June 18, 187 8 r adopted the original project for the improvement of this stream, which-was modified and extended by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. The total cost and expenditures under this project were $419,445.69, of which $400,420.57 was for new work and $19,- 025.12 for maintenance. Work under existing project was begun in 1905. For further details of previous projects see page 1837, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for securing a channel by open- channel work not less than 4 feet deep at low water from the mouth to Wetumpka, Ala., a distance of 322 miles. Under this project dredging and construction works were required at various obstruct- RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 891 ing shoals, usually consisting of gravel bars distributed over the en- tire length of the river. The variation between average high and low water is 40.4 feet. The extreme variation is 57 feet at Montgomery. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1928, is $1,155,000, exclusive of amount expended under previous project. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $75,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor acts as follows: The act of March 3, 1905, provided for the channel from the mouth to Montgomery (H. Doc. No. 378, 59th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the channel from Montgomery to Wetumpka (H. Doc. No. 1089, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map of Alabama River will be found in the Annual Report for 1913, page 2124. Recommended mwodifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.-On the east bank at Montgomery, Ala., there is a wharf of two inclined tracks and warehouse, owned by the city of Montgomery, connecting with the city streets and with the Louis- ville & Nashville Railroad. Since built, all boats coming to Mont- gomery have used this wharf. The facilities are considered adequate for existing conditions. This wharf is open to all carriers on equal terms, no charge for loading, or unloading. A wharf is needed at Selma, and the construction of one is now under discussion by the city authorities. The various natural landings below Montgomery, except at Selma, appear to serve present purposes. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Increased minimum usable depth to 3 feet for the entire year, thus making transportation easier and more dependable. Effective competition with the railroads has been maintained as far as Selma. Whether this competition has resulted in an actual lowering of rates is not known, but it is claimed that the competition has prevented an increase in rates. Operations and results during fiscl year.-The U. S. pipe-line dredge Blackwater, towboat Alabama and attendant plant were em- ployed on the construction of contraction works at Upper Evans bar, mile 136, Lower Sister bar, mile 184, Middle Sister bar, mile 185, Upper Sister bar, mile 186, and Selma Tight Eye bar, mile 215 above the mouth of the river. At these localities 1,564 linear feet of sand, gravel, and rock dikes were built, using 52,504 cubic yards of sand and gravel and 4,775 tons of rock, at a cost of $50,729.07. Snagging operations employing the U. S. snag boat Montgomnery, were carried on between Selma, mile 218, and the mouth of the river, resulting in the removal of 814 obstructions at a total cost of °$18,394.31. The total cost of the work for the fiscal year was $69,123.38, of which $50,729.07 was for new work and $18,394.31 was for main- tenance. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $175,258.46. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The channel depth has been im- proved at the shallowest bars and shoals between the mouth of the river and Montgomery, Ala., by dredging and contraction works; between Montgomery, Ala., and Wetumpka, Ala., the work has con- sisted in removing snags. At the end of the fiscal year the existing 892 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1930 project was 89.6 per cent completed. The controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year was about 3 feet at various bars. Boats draw- ing 3 feet or less can usually operate throughout the year. Gages are established at Montgomery and at Selma, the readings on these two gages for extreme low water being -3 feet. The work remain- ing to be done to complete the project is the construction of approxi- mately 18,000 linear feet of sand, gravel, and rock dikes from Mont- gomery, Ala., to the mouth. At the end of the fiscal year the work was in fair condition; some of the pile and brush dikes and spur jetties will have to be repaired or renewed. The total cost of work under existing project was $1,700,244.44, of which $389,230.88 was for new work and $1,311,013.56 for maintenance. The total ex- penditures under the project amount to $2,197,188.38. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended on June 30, 1930, amounting to $128,331.39, will be applied as follows: New work : Construction of contraction works, employing the U. S. pipe-line dredge Blackwater, towboat Alabama, and attendant plant 4 months, July, August, September, and October, 1930, at $12,000 per month------------ --- ------------------- $48, 000. 00 Care and repair of plant__--- ---- __ -____ -______ 8, 000. 00 Engineering, administration, and contingencies ________ ____ 8, 462. 41 Total --- ---------- ---- ------------------ 64, 462. 41 Maintenance : Repair and renewal of contraction works, employing the U. S. pipe-line dredge Blackwater, towboat Alabama, and attend- ant plant 2 months, November and December, 1930, at $12,000 per month- ___-- --__ ---------- 24, 000. 00 Snagging operations, employing the U. S. snag boat Mont- gomery 6 months, July to December, 1930, inclusive, at $3,000 per month ---------------------------------------- 18, 000. 00 Care and repair of plant __ .......- 7, 000. 00 Engineering, administration, and contingencies----------------5, 000.00 ------ Outstanding liabilities__ ___-----9, 868. 98 Total ------------------------------------------ 63, 868. 98 Grand total--- -------- 128, 331. 39 Expenditures will be made at the rate of about $15,000 per month between July 1 and December 31, 1930, and at the rate of about $2,500 per month thereafter. All funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. In order to secure and maintain project depths and provide for the needs of existing commerce, an additional sum of $143,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: New work: Construction of contraction works, employing the U. S. pipe-line dredges Blackwater and Muscogee, the towboat Alabama, and attendant plant, 5 months, at $15,000 per month.--------------_ $75, 000 Care and repair of plant .___. ______-______ -______--_ 8, 000 Engineering, administration, and contingencies____ _ _____-- 8, 000 Total --------------------------------------------- 91, 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 893 Maintenance: Repair and renewal of contraction works employing the U. S. pipe-line dredges Blackwater and Mscogee, the towboat Ala- bama, and attendant plant 2 months at $15,000 per month .... - $30, 000 Snagging operations, employing the U. S. snag boat Montgomery, 5 months at $3,000 per month_ ____ __--- ----------------- 15, 000 Care and repair of plant----------------------------------3, 000 Engineering, administration and contingencies------------------4, 000 Total--------------------------------------------52, Total __52, 000 000 Grand total --------------- ------------------ 143, 000 Commercial statistics.-All the commerce of this stream in the calendar year 1929 used the improvement between Mobile and Selma, Ala. The upstream commerce, amounting to 7,592 tons, valued at $609,870, consisted principally of vegetable food products, prepared fertilizer, and miscellaneous merchandise. The downstream com- merce, amounting to 350,380 tons, valued at $3,660,650, consisted chiefly of cotton, sand and gravel, by boats, and logs and poles, rafted. The logs and poles amounted to 148,000 tons, valued at $592,000. A regular schedule is maintained by one packet boat between Mobile and Selma, Ala., with intermittent trips by another packet. Several towboats, tugs, launches, and barges are owned and operated on the river by timber and sand and gravel concerns. The tugs and packet boats draw from 4 to 6 feet. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925_ 116, 293 $2, 228, 916 1, 490 1928 _-.- -... 346, 259 $4, 293, 399 307 1926 ... 147, 290 1,658, 960 680 1929 ...... 357, 972 4, 270, 520 219 1927 166, 140 3, 377, 620 372 Cost and financial sumnmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------------- $789, 651. 45 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930___------- ------- 1, 330, 038. 68 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------- 2, 119, 690. 13 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ---- 503, 778. 12 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 _____--_____-____ - 2, 623, 468. 25 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930-------------- 1, 045. 58 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930......___________________ 2, 624, 513. 83 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930____________-________ 7, 879.76 Net total expenditures___--___________--- __ _______ 2, 616, 634. 07 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------128, 331. 39 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_____________ 2, 744, 965. 46 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .............-......... - $30, 468. 73 $30, 457. 02 $33, 208. 34 $33, 399. 89 $50, 729. 07 Cost of maintenance___________________ 171, 497. 96 49, 256. 62 36, 227. 75 45, 746. 77 18, 394. 31 Total cost -. . . . . . 201, 966. 69 79, 713. t4 69, 436. 09 79, 146. 66 69, 123. 38 Total expended_.. - 201, 966. 69 79, 713. 64 81, 336. 33 237, 851. 57 175, 258. 46 Allotted-- -- -. . . 75, 000. 00 90, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 253, 833. 65 185, 000. 00 894 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------- $118, 589. 85 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929---------------- ----- $60, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------------- 125,000. 00 185, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for___________________________ 303, 589. 85 Gross amount expended--------------------------75, 417. 71 Less receipts from sales--------------- --------- 159. 25 175, 258. 46 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 128, 331. 39 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------------- ------ 9, 868.93 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------ 118, 462. 46 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930_---------------------------- 1, 045. 58 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--------------119, 508. 04 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project- 701, 300. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work'- 1 ------------------------------- 91, 000. 00 For maintenance _____ _ 52, 000. 00 Total -------------------------------------------- 143, 000. 00 21. COOSA RIVER, GA. AND ALA. Location and description.-The Coosa River is formed at Rome, Ga., in the northwest part of the State of Georgia, by the junction of the Oostanaula and Etowah Rivers, which have their sources in -northern Georgia. From Rome the Coosa River flows in a south- westerly direction through Georgia and Alabama for a distance of -282 miles and unites with the Tallapoosa River to form the Alabama River near Montgomery, Ala., at about the center of the State. (See U. S. Geological Survey charts for northeast Alabama and north- west Georgia.) The drainage area of the Coosa River and its tribu- taries is 10,300 square miles. It has an average low-water discharge of 2,500 and an average high-water discharge of 55,000 second-feet. The low-water stage usually exists during the months of June to December, inclusive, and the high-water stage during the months of January to May, inclusive. This is a nontidal stream, rather slug- gish between Rome, Ga., and Greensport, Ala., but rapid below that place. The average width between banks is 600 feet. The fall per mile is 0.64 foot between Rome and Greensport; 1.23 feet from that point to Weduska Shoals, 58 miles from the mouth; and 5.15 feet from these shoals to Wetumpka. Original condition.-From the mouth of the river at its junction with the Tallapoosa to Wetumpka, Ala., a distance of about 11 miles, the river was navigable at all times. From Wetumpka to Greens- port, Ala., a distance of 143 miles, the river was navigable only at high water and in comparatively level stretches-between rock shoals and reefs. From Greensport to Rome, Ga., a distance of 128 miles, the river has always been navigable for light-draft boats, the mini- 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 895 mum usable depth at low water being about 21/2 feet, except at Horse- leg Shoal, near Rome, where the depth was about 1 foot. The width of navigable channel was about 100 feet. Rome, Ga., was the head of navigation on the Coosa River, although the Oostanaula and the Coosawattee, one of its tributaries, was navigable to Carters, Ga. Previous projects.-The act of August 14, 1876, adopted the origi- nal project, which was modified by the act of September 19, 1890; the total cost and expenditures under this project were $966,806.38 for new work. Work under existing project was begun in 1877. For further details of previous projects see page 1837 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for securing from Dam No. 5, Ala., to Rome, Ga., a channel 4 feet deep at extreme low water and 100 feet wide, to be obtained by open-channel work and the construc- tion of locks and dams, one dam without a lock and four locks and dams located between a point 7 miles below Riverside, Ala., and Greensport, Ala., and one lock and dam located at Mayos Bar, 7.5 miles below Rome, Ga. The length of the section included in the project is 165.5 miles, the lower end being 117 miles above the mouth of the river. Certain data relative to the Coosa River dams are given in the following table: Available depth Dimensions of locks over miter sills Miles at low water Locks and Location with reference to from dams nearest town mouth of river Greatest available width Lift Upper Lower length Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet Lock 31 (15) . Wetumpka, Ala..._______... _ 11 280 52 14. 70 8. 00 8. 00 Dam 5-....... Gadsden, Ala., 58 miles--...... 117 - -- .- 00 10. No. 4 ___---- Gadsden, Ala., 48 miles-.-... 127 280 52 8. 00 7. 00 7. 00 No. 3 ......--------- Gadsden, Ala., 27 miles-- ..... ____ 148 176 40 12. 00 5. 15 4.00 No. 2 ...---------. Gadsden, Ala., 25% miles..... 149% 176 40 5. 57 5. 40 5. 20 No. 1 ...... - Gadsden, Ala., 221 miles 152% 176 40 5. 33 3.41 3. 25 Mayos bar . Rome, Ga.. 7% miles ---------- 275 176 40 12. 00 6. 00 5. 00 Percent- Year of Locks and Character of foundation Kind of Type of construction agco co Cost pletion pletion Lock 31 (15) Gneiss ---------------------...------------------------ 50 .... $228, 511. 00 Dam 5-... Disintegrated chert and Fixed__ Concrete and cribs ... 100 1917 397, 834.00 limestone. No. 4.........__--do---------------_--_.....do... Dry rubble masonry_- 99-------- 1456,620.00 No. 3..... - Disintegrated chert_ ____-do.......do--- .. -------------- 100 1890 110, 744.47 No. 2-....Sandstone and slate .---.... do..... __do----________ 100 1890 159, 166. 00 No. 1 .. Sandstone__________ __do __ . Rock-filled cribs...... 100 1890 106, 173. 96 Mayos bar ('ompact shale _----------__ do ... Dry rubble masonry-- 100 1915 279,929.29 1 Estimated cost; no exact record. The fluctuations of stage are as follows: Rome, Ga., ordinary, 30 feet; extreme, 40 feet. Gadsden, Ala., ordinary, 22 feet; extreme, 38 feet. Lock No. 4, about 4 miles above Riverside, Ala., ordinary, 17 feet; extreme, 24 feet. Wetumpka, Ala., ordinary, 45 feet; extreme, 62 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1928, is $1,835,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest 11714--ENG 1930-----57 896 REPORT OF OHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $10,000 for the part of the river between Rome, Ga., and Gadsden, Ala. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 14, 1876, provided for open-channel work and Locks and Dams Nos. 1, 2, and 3 for that section of the river between the Selma, Rome & Dalton Railroad bridge, near Wil- sonville, Ala., and Rome, Ga., at an estimated cost of $470,668 for work between said bridge and Greensport, Ala. (see Annual Report for 1872, p. 536); and $180,000 for work between Gadsden and Rome, a distance of 107.5 miles (see Annual Report for 1875, pt. 2, p. 661); the acts of September 19, 1890, and July 13, 1892, provided for the present channel dimensions, viz, 4 feet deep and 100 feet wide, the increase of lock dimensions to 52 feet width and 280 feet clear length, and for the improvement of the entire river from Wetumpka, Ala., a distance of 11 miles above the mouth, to Rome, Ga. (H. Doc. No. 94, 51st Cong., 1st sess.). Only the walls of Lock No. 31 and Dam No. 4 were constructed under this enlarged project, which has been considered as definitely abandoned following report of January 9, 1905 (H. Doc. No. 219, 58th Cong., 3d sess.). The act of June 25, 1910, provided for Dam No. 5 and the lock in Dam No. 4 (H. Doc. No. 1421, 60th Cong., 2d sess.), and for the lock and dam at Mayos bar (H. Doc. No. 1115, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps of the Coosa River will be found in various annual reports of the Chief of Engineers. (See Annual Report for 1890, p. 1644, for that portion of the river from Lock No. 4 to Greensport; Annual Report for 1891, p. 1752, for that por- tion between Wetumpka and Lock No. 4; and Annual Report for 1913, p. 2125, for the upper Coosa.) Recom~mended modif ations of project.-Under date of December 29, 1920, the Chief of Engineers recommended to Congress legis- lation authorizing the abandonment for the present of the existing project, except for the inexpensive care and maintenance of locks and dams which will be provided under the permanent indefinite appro- priation for operating and care of locks and dams. (H. Doc. No. 1018, 66th Cong., 3d sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-At Rome, Ga., there are one small private wharf on left bank of Oostanaula River, very little used, and a private wharf on left bank of Etowah River, of earth, paved with brick, and supported on river front by timber retaining wall; used exclusively by owners; very inefficient and not open to the public. At Gadsden, Ala., there are no terminal facilities. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Transportation rendered easier and more dependable by increasing the minimum usable depth. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no active operations during the fiscal year and no funds were expended on this project. Condition at end of fiscal year.-At the end of the fiscal year Locks and Dams Nos. 1, 2, and 3, the lock and dam at Mayos bar, and Dam No. 5 had been completed. Lock No. 4 is 99 per cent completed, the dam being fully completed. (See tabulated statement under Exist- ing praject.) Open-channel work by dredging, rock removal, and RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 897 construction of contraction works had been carried on at various shoals between Lock No. 4, Ala., and Rome, Ga. The proportion of the existing project completed up to the end of the fiscal year was 83.5 per cent. The result was the obtaining of a 4-foot depth at mean low water on such bars as had been worked over, but no exten- sive and consecutive length of stream had been completed. At the end of the fiscal year, from Rome, Ga., to Gadsden, Ala., a distance of 111 miles, the controlling depth was 21/2 feet on several of the bars; from Gadsden, Ala., to Woods Ferry, a distance of 37 miles, the controlling depth was 3 feet, certain shoals and the lower sill at Lock No. 1 being the controlling points; from Woods Ferry to Lock No. 4, a distance of 9 miles, the controlling depth was 4 feet. These depths are obtainable throughout the year. Increased drafts are ordinarily obtained between the months of January and June, inclu- sive. The work remaining to be done to complete the project con- sists of completing lock at Dam No. 4 and lowering sills at Lock No. 1 and completing open-channel work from Mayos bar to Lock No. 4, a distance of 148 miles. The condition of the various locks and dams at the end of the fiscal year is good. Open-channel work which has been done has in general been maintained by the action of the river. Jetties are in good condition. The cost under the existing project was $1,608,105.59 for new work and $162,892.27 for maintenance, a total of $1,770,997.86. The total expenditures under the existing project were $1,770,997.86. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available. No operations are contemplated during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, because of the almost entire absence of commerce on this stream. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for this stream in 1929 con- sisted of 7,000 tons of rafted logs, valued at $42,000, and 6,100 tons of barged logs, valued at $35,000, making a total of 13,100 tons valued at $77,000. There are no packets operating on this stream. All traffic is handled by tugs, launches, and barges owned by lumber operators, etc. These vessels have a loaded draft of about 3 feet. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925 ---------- 18,537 $76,460 _-1928..... 21,050 $117, 870 - 1926... . 22,110 132,660 1929___.... 13, 100 77, 000 1927----------- 19,120 114,720 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930____ ____________________1 $2, 574, 911. 97 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__-------------------------- 162, 892. 27 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 2, 737, 804. 24 Net total expenditures_______- _____-_ _-_- _ 2, 737, 804. 24 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 _ 2, 737, 804. 24 1 Includes $404,943.66 expended between Wetumpka and East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad bridge. 898 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscl year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cost of maintenance __------------------- $2,727. 46 $987. 94 . __--- ---. .------------- Total expended_---------------- ----- 2, 727. 46 987,94 _.................. .----------.................................... Allotted.-------- - 22. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON COOSA RIVER, GA. AND ALA. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Coosa River, Ga. and Ala. See pages 894 to 898, where general information can be found. The com- pleted locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since June 30, 1890, for Locks and Dams Nos. 1, 2, and 3; since September 22, 1913, for lock and dam at Mayos bar; since May 19, 1914, for Lock and Dam No. 4. Operations and results during fiscal year.-All locks were kept in operation during the year. The expenditures amounted to $17,488.47. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Locks and dams 1, 2, and 3, lock and dam at Mayos bar, and Dam No. 5 had been completed. Lock and Dam No. 4 had been completed, except about 1 per cent of work required on the lock, which consists in the completion of the back fill and completion of the upper guard wall. The result of the work was to provide 4-foot navigation from Mayos bar to Rome, Ga., and 31/4 feet from Lock No. 4 to Gadsden, this depth being controlled by the sills at Lock No. 1. All locks and dams are in good condition so far as completed. Repairs to Dam No. 5 are needed. The total expenditures for the operating and care of the five locks and six dams to the end of the fiscal year were $487,355.07. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Cost and financial summary Cost of mintenance to June 30, 1930 ____-------------$______ $453, 559. 16 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 __--------- - 34, 430. 25 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_________________________ 487, 989. 41 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_-------------- -- _ 634. 34 -_____ Net total expenditures___________---_--- 487, 355. 07 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ------------------------------ 634.34 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 487, 989. 41 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.- Cost of maintenance _-------------------------------$9, 100. 24 $9, 421.91 $12, 221. 80 Total expended- -- ___----------- - $9, 395. 78 $13, 446. 06 14,007.80 14, 717. 97 1 17, 488. 47 Allotted---------------......---................ ... 8,243. 44 13, 500. 00 14,000.00 15,000.00 16,000.00 1Difference between cost and expenditures due to maintenance and repair of plant. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 899 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------.. ----------------------- $2, 122. 81 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, sec. 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909---------------------------- 16, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for------------------------------ 18, 122. 81 Gross amount expended-____ __- _________-- - - - - 17, 488. 47 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 34.34 6---------------------- Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 634. 34 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931----------------------------- 18,000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931---------------------------- 18, 000. 00 23. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harber acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, in- spections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor line studies; fish net inspections; administration charges incurred in con- nection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $15,507.63. The expenditures were $15,399.92. The sum of $10,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931. Cost and financial summary --------------------------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ $20, 964. 96 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930----------------------------- 236. 17 Net total expenditures--------------------------------- 20, 728. 79 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 --- --- 11, 671. 21 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 --------- ___ 32, 400. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------------------- ---------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance..... ----------- ------------ --------- --- $5, 457. 33 $15, 507. 63 Total expended--................----------------------------------------------- -- 5, 328. 87 15, 399. 92 Allotted.....................----------------------------------------------- $2,400 00 22, 000.00 8,000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929____ ____------- $19, 071. 13 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------- 8,000. 00 Amount to be accounted for ----------------------------- 7, 071. 1'3 Gross amount expended---------------------------------- 5,399. 92 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 --- 11, 671. 21 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930__------------------ 236. 17 Balance available June 30, 1930 ----------------- ---- 11, 435. 04 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1-________,__ 10, 000. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. 900 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 EXAMINATION AND SURVEY MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE ACTS APPROVED FEBRUARY 12, 1929, AND JUNE 24, 1929 Report dated November 1, 1929, with map, on preliminary exami- nation of the Choctawhatchee River, Fla. and Ala., with a view to the control of its floods, required by the act approved February 12, 1929, was duly submitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for rivers and harbors, pursuant to law, and transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 163, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made that a survey be authorized by Congress, at an estimated cost of $14,000. Report dated February 3, 1930, on survey of the Escambia,River, Ala. and Fla., with a view to the control of the floods, required by the act approved June 24, 1929, was duly submitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for rivers and harbors, pursuant to law, and transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 350, Seventy-first Congress, second session. The adoption of a project for the control of floods by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts approved September 22, 1922, January 21, 1927, July 3, 1930, and the act approved April 19, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Chico Bayou, Fla. 2. St. Andrews Bay, Fla., with a view to increasing the dimensions of the channel between the Gulf of Mexico and St. Andrews Bay. 3. Survey of the Choctawhatchee River and tributaries, Fla. and Ala., with a view to the control of its floods. 4. Flint River, Ga., to Montezuma, Ga. 5. Channel from Pensacola Bay, Fla., into Bayou Chico. 6. PensacolaHarbor,Fla. 7. Channel leading to the town of Santa Rosa, Fla., from deep water in ChoctaihatcheeBay. 8. Waterway from Choctawhatchee Bay to West Bay, Fla. 9. Channel 30 feet deep at mean low water and 500 feet wide extending north or northeastwardly from present channel in Pensa- cola Harbor to a point on the established Government pierhead line opposite the piers of the Saint Louis-San Francisco Railway Company. 10. Saint Andrews Bay, Fla.: Shoal area opposite Davis Point, with a view to securing a depth of 24 feet at mean low water. 11. Flint River, Ga., to Albany, Ga., or as much farther up as navigation may be found practicable on said river. 12. The Chattahoochee River, Ga., and connecting waterways, with such land cuts and locks as may be necessary to a point oppo- site or near Atlanta, Ga., with a view to establishing navigation for barges and small boats thereon and to connect the same with the inland waterway. 13. The Choctawhatchee River, Fla. and Ala., with a view to the control of floods. The duty of making a preliminary examination and survey pro- vided for by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, of waterway from Pensacola Bay, Fla., to the Caloosahatchee River RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 901 and for a cross-Floridtwaterway to connect with the Florida East Coast Canal, was assigned to a special board of engineers. A report thereon will be duly submitted when received. By resolution of the Committee on Commerce, United States Sen- ate, dated January 29, 1926, a review of prior reports on Carrabelle Bar and Harbor, Fla., is requested, and report thereon will be sub- mitted as soon as practicable. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT The district includes the harbors on the Alabama and Mississippi coasts and the rivers of western Alabama and eastern Mississippi. District engineer: Lieut. Col. W. D. A. Anderson, Corps of Engi- neers. Division engineer: Lieut. Col. Mark Brooke, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page .1. Mobile Harbor, Ala----------_ 901 7. Bayou Labatre, Ala______ 922 2. Channel between Mobile Bay 8. Pascagoula Harbor, Miss___ 924 and Mississippi Sound, Ala_ 906 9. Gulfport Harbor and Ship 3. Intracoastal waterway, Mo- Island Pass, Miss______ 928 bile, Ala., to New Orleans, 10. Pascagoula River, Miss ____ 932 La ------------------ 909 11. Biloxi Harbor, Miss-------- 934 4. Black Warrior, Warrior, and 12. Wolf and Jordan Rivers, Tombigbee Rivers, Ala____ 910 Miss -------------------- 937 5. Tombigbee River, from De- 13. East Pearl River, Miss----- 939 mopolis, Ala., to Walkers 14. Removing the water hya- Bridge, Miss_________ ___ 917 cinths (Mobile River, Ala., 6. Operating and care of locks tributaries)___________------------ 942 and dams on Black War- 15. Examinations, surveys, and rior, Warrior, and Tombig- contingencies (general)__. 945 bee Rivers, Ala_____ ____- 920 1. MOBILE HARBOR, ALA. Location and description.-This harbor, located along the lower 5 miles of Mobile River, is in the southwestern part of the State of Alabama, 91 miles by water from Pensacola Harbor, Fla., on the east and 90 miles from Gulfport Harbor, Miss., and 144 miles from the mouth of the Mississippi River on the west. The average width of the lower 5 miles of Mobile River is about 900 feet. The entrance to the harbor is through Mobile Bar_ in the Gulf of Mexico, thence through the natural deep-water channel between Dauphin Island and the peninsula from the mainland on the east, thence through Mobile Bay to the mouth of Mobile River, a total distance of 35 miles. The average width of Mobile Bay is about 8 miles. The bar channel is unprotected. The bay channel is partially protected from gulf disturbances but subject to severe local disturbances. The river channel is protected. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1266.) Original condition.--There was a minimum usable depth of 23 feet at mean low water over a width of about one-half mile across Mobile Bar, and the channel through Mobile Bay had a minimum usable depth of 51/2 feet through Choctaw Pass and 8 feet through Dog River Bar at mean low water, the available draft for purposes of commerce by way of Spanish River being limited to the latter depth. 902 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 193 6 The width of channel over a depth of 51/2 feet was about one-half mile. Previous projects.-The original project for the bar channel was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The original project for the bay and river channels was adopted May 20, 1826, the second project on July 11, 1870, the third on March 3, 1879, the fourth on August 11, 1888, the fifth on March 3, 1899, the sixth on June 25, 1910, and the seventh on August 8, 1917. Prior to the adop- tion of the existing project on July 3, 1930, the cost of the original and modified project was $10,779,660.79, of which $6,683,104.68 was for new work and $4,096,556.11 was for maintenance. The total expenditures were $11,739,121.59. For further details of previous projects see page 1840 of Annual Report for 1915; pages 802 and 807 of Annual Report for 1916; and page 834, Annual Report for 1929. Existing project.-This provides for a channel across Mobile Bar 36 feet deep at mean low water and 450 feet wide, and about 1 mile long, connecting the 36-foot contours south and north of the bar; for a channel 32 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide from deep water in Mobile Bay to a point at the north edge of the pro. posed quarantine anchorage basin; for a channel 32 feet deep at mean low water and 350 feet wide from the north edge of the quarantine anchorage basin to the mouth of Mobile River; for an anchorage basin 32 feet deep at mean low water extending 1,000 feet south from the north edge of the present pier of the Mobile quarantine station and 200 feet west of the west edge of the dredged channel in Mobile Bay; and for a channel 32 feet deep at mean low water, with a width of 500 feet, from the mouth of Mobile River to a point approximately 5,000 feet below the mouth of Three Mile Creek, and a width of 300 feet from that point to the highway bridge across Mobile River about 1,000 feet below the mouth of Chickasaw Creek, for easing the bends at the mouth and about 3,000 feet above the mouth, and for the removal of sunken obstructions. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range at the lower end of the improvement is 1.1 feet and at the upper end 1.4 feet, and the extreme tidal range is 3.4 feet at the lower end and 3.6 feet at the upper end. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1930 was $478,000, ex- clusive of amounts expended or previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $360,000. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930 (R. and H. Doc. No. 26, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map of the locality is in the project document. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The condition of local cooperation imposed by law is that local interests provide an easement to allow changes in the east harbor line. Terminal facilities.-Along the western shore of Mobile River, from its mouth to a point 2.7 miles above, there is practically a con- tinuous series of timber wharves and piers, the greater number of which are served by rail connections. One of these wharves having a frontage of 1,500 feet, on which is a steel shed 1,400 feet long by 120 feet wide, is owned by the city of Mobile and is served by rail connections. In addition to the above there are four terminals below Chickasaw Creek in Mobile River. Practically all these terminals RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA. DISTRICT 903 are open to use by the general public, more or less restrictions being imposed. On Blakely Island, about 1 mile north of Mobile on the east side of Mobile River, a modern coal and ore handling plant having a storage capacity of 40,000 tons of coal and ore and a dock frontage of 500 feet, has been constructed by the Inland and Coast- wise Waterways Service and is in operation. Adjacent to and south of it a fuel-oil station having a capacity of 110,000 barrels and a dock frontage of 500 feet was constructed by the United States Shipping Board. The Alabama State Docks Commission completed the con- struction of 3 piers, 1,600 feet by 560 feet, along the west bank of Mobile River between Three Mile Creek and a point 7,700 feet south thereof and a bulk material handling plant on Three Mile Creek, with a wharf of 1,145 feet and a handling capacity of 600 tons per hour, at a cost of $10,000,000. Two of the piers are provided with transit and storage sheds and the third is for open storage. In addi- tion to these structures an industrial canal connecting One Mile and Three Mile Creeks and 37 miles of transfer track are provided to expedite the transfer of the freight landed at these piers. The facilities of this port are considered adequate for the existing com- merce and will suffice for a considerable increase thereof. (For a full description of terminal.facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 3, part 1, revised 1929, Corps of Engi- neers.) Effect of iiprovement.-The effect of the improvement has been to make water transportation easier and better and to give Mobile a reduction in rail freight rates between this port and Atlantic sea- ports and from interior points on account of competition between railroads entering Mobile with railroads carrying freight for ship- ment through to other ports and by admitting a larger class of steamers, to reduce insurance and water freight rates upon shipments between Mobile and other ports. Operations and results during fiscal year.-All work was carried on with United States plant and hired labor, and consisted of mainte- nance dredging, and the removal of sunken obstructions. A total of 4,943,701 gross cubic yards of mud and sand was removed over a dis- tance of 91,964 feet from the Mobile Bay Channel, of which 4,700,036 cubic yards was credited yardage within the scope of the specifica- tions under which this work was performed. Six thousand two hun- dred and eighteen obstructions were removed from the Mobile River Channel. In Mobile Bay Channel a width of 300 feet was main- tained over a distance of 29 miles. The total cost for the fiscal year- $236,260.85-was charged to maintenance. Total expenditures were $34,408.08. Condition at end of fiscal year.-All work on this improvement has consisted of dredging and the removal of sunken obstructions. The project adopted by the river and harbor act approved August 8, 1917, was completed in 1926. The controlling depths at mean low water, ascertained during June, 1930, were as follows: Outer Bar Channel, 33 feet; Mobile Bay Channel, 30.8 feet; Mobile River Chan- nel, 30 feet. The costs under the project existing at the end of the fiscal year were $766,056.64 for new work and $2,670,426.13 for maintenance, a total of $3,436,482.77. The total expenditures were $3,929,313.17. 904 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1930, amounting to $334,794.39, to maintenance work, as follows: Operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge 11 months, and another 1 month in Mobile Bay and Mobile River Channels, in- cluding care and upkeep of plant, office expenses and surveys.... $240,000.00 Operation of 1 hopper dredge about 2 months in Mobile Outer Bar Channel, including care and upkeep of plant, surveys, and office expenses ----------------------------------------------- 50, 000. 00 Operation of 1 snag boat about 11' months in Mobile River Chan- nel, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, etc.---- 27, 500. 00 Payments of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1930 ----------------- 934. 01 Contingencies -------------------------------------------- 16, 360. 38 Total--------------------------------------- ----- 334, 794. 39 It is estimated that the above funds will be exhausted June 30, 1931, expenditure during active operations for the 20-inch pipe-line dredges, hopper dredge, and snag boat being at the rates of $20,000, $25,000, and $2,500 per month, respectively. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($550,000), will be applied to maintenance and improvement work as follows: Improve- Mainte- ment nance Operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about 11 and another about 10 months, in Mobile Bay and Mobile River Channels, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, surveys, etc.....---------------------- $200, 000 $220, 000 .............................----------------....... Operation of hopper dredge about 3 months in Mobile Outer Bar Channel, including care and upkeep of plant, surveys, office expenses, etc .--.........--------------....--------- 75, 000........ Operation of 1 snag boat in Mobile River Channel about 12 months, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, etc ......---- -- 30, 000 .............--------------------------------------------........ Contingencies..-- -------------------------------------------------------- 15, 000 10, 000 Total---- --- --------------------------....... --............................. 290, 000 260, 000 The above amount is slightly larger than the average expenditure for maintenance during the preceding five years, due to the fact that the channels will have to be maintained to project dimensions at all times in order to meet the increased requirements of commerce and navigation. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for Mobile Harbor during the past five years, including bunker coal and oil, internal and local traffic, is given below: Comparative statement General traffic Freight in transit Calendar year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925-_----------------------------- 2,901,794 $130, 450,408 52, 077 $2,315, 407 201, 671 1926--- ------- ---------------------- 3, 168, 092 109, 341, 580 534, 509 40, 445, 021 205, 478 4, 179, 768 145, 472, 743 1927--......................------------------.........--------.. 965, 548 42, 333, 472 144, 978 1928- ...........--------------------------- 4, 405, 872 153, 268, 228 706, 200 35, 688, 186 67,489 1929--- 4, 713,683 .------------------------- 189, 785, 403 507, 633 24, 208, 419 34, 676 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 905 The general character of the commerce during 1929 and the pro- portion in tonnage of each class of traffic to the total tonnage are as follows: Lumber, logs, timber, and other manufactures of wood, 22.4 per cent; sand, gravel, and stone, 20.1 per cent; manufactured iron and steel, 16.9 per cent; petroleum and its products, 10.8 per cent; molasses and sugar, 5.1 per cent; fertilizer and fertilizer materials, 4.9 per cent; coal and coke, 4.8 per cent; iron ore, 2.4 per cent; unmanufactured steel and iron, 1.7 per cent. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the boats carrying these principal classes of commerce were from 6 to 30 feet. The entire commerce of Mobile Harbor was carried over the improved sections. The completion of the project in 1926, affording a channel with least depth of 30 feet, has resulted in a marked increase of commerce. Five lines of transportation were established and one abandoned during the year 1929. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 $G,683, 104.68 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------- 4, 096, 556. 11 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 10, 779, 660. 79 ------------ Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930----------- 944, 299. 18 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 _ --------- 11, 723, 959. 97 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ----------- 42, 661. 50 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930------------------------11, 766, 621. 47 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------ -------- 27, 499. 88 Net total expenditures_ _____-- 11, 739, 121. 59 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 __ ---- - ----- 334, 794. 39 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 12,073, 915. 98 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work -------------------- $313, 668.04 $7, 265. 85 Cost of maintenance-- -- - 157, 492. 88 361, 178. 62 $240, 830. 37 $194, 238. 08 $236, 260. 85 Total cost ---------------------- 371, 160. 92 368, 444. 47 240, 830. 37 194, 238. 08 236, 260. 85 Total expended----------------------371, 160. 92 368, 444. 47 717, 527. 23 191, 132. 98 34, 404. 08 Allotted----------_ ------------------ 480, 000. 00 300, 000. 00 699, 290. 00 220, 000. 00 17, 815. 97 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------- $387, 014. 44 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930----------------------------------------------- 300, 00. 00 Amount to be accounted for------------------------__ 687, 014. 44 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment ------------- _ 317, 815. 97 Net amount to be accounted for--------------------------369, 198. 47 Gross amount expended_ _________-- $283, 528. 74 Less receipts from sales---------------------------- 249, 124. 66 34, 404. 08 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 -------- ------- 334, 794. 39 1 Increased $27,833.93 due to absorption of plant debit. 906 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------------------$43, 595. 51 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------------- 291, 198. 88 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------------------42, 661. 50 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--------------333, 860. 38 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ---- ------------- 478, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work 2_2 - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 290, 000. 00 For maintenance 260, 000.00 Total --------------------------------------------- 550,0. 00 2, CHANNEL BETWEEN MOBILE BAY AND MISSISSIPPI SOUND, ALA. Location and description.-This channel is south of the south- western part of the State of Alabama and affords passage through the shoal water between Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound. It is about 30 miles south of Mobile, Ala., and about 31 miles east of Pas- cagoula, Miss. A channel 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide at bottom has been dredged through the shoal waters at this locality from the 10-foot contour in Mobile Bay to the 81/-foot contour in Mississippi Sound, a distance of about 4 miles. It is protected to some extent by the shoal water through which it extends and by Dauphin Island on the south and the mainland of Alabama on the north. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1266.) Original condition.-This shoal afforded a minimum usable depth of 3 feet at mean low water over a width of 500 feet. Vessels having a greater draft than this used Grants Pass, a private channel distant about one-fourth mile north, where there was a depth of about 51/2 feet over a width of 100 feet. Previous projects.-The act of Congress approved May 23, 1828, appropriated $18,000 for the purpose of forming a channel at this locality. Some work was done with these funds, but there is no record of the amount expended or the results accomplished. The river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912, provided for a channel 100 feet wide at bottom and 10 feet deep at mean low water from curve of 10-foot depth in Mobile Bay to the 8-foot contour in Mis- sissippi Sound, a distance of about 4 miles. Work on this project was begun December 18, 1913, and completed in 1914. Prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1930 the known cost of the previous projects was $97,241.38, of which $45,604.59 was for new work and $51,636.79 was for maintenance. The total expenditures were $97,191.91. For further details of previous projects see page 838, Annual Report for 1929. Existing project.-This provides for a straight channel 300 feet wide and 10 feet deep extending from the 10-foot contour in Mobile Bay to the 10-foot contour in Mississippi Sound. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range here is about 1.2 feet, and the extreme tidal range is about 3.4 feet. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 907 The estimate of cost for new work made in 1929 is $55,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1929) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $7,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. (R. and H. Com. Doc. 4, 71st Cong., 1st sess.) The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.--N terminal facilities are necessary, as this is simply a connecting waterway between Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound for through traffic. Effect of improvement.-The project results in effecting a saving in freight rates between Mobile, Ala., and New Orleans, La., and intermediate points on the Mississippi coast, and saves to vessel owners and shippers the tolls formerly charged by the owners of Grants Pass. It also enables deeper-draft vessels to pass to and from Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done. Cost amounting to $49.47, charged to maintenance, was made for surveys, inspections, office expenses, etc. No expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done. The project adopted by the river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912, was completed in 1914. All work on this improvement has consisted of dredging. The controlling depth at mean low water ascertained June, 1930, was 10 feet. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1930, amounting to $10,108.09, to maintenance work as follows: Operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about one-half month in the channel between Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, etc--------- $10, 000. CO Payment of outstanding liabilities, July 1, 1930--------- 49.47 Contingencies -------------------------------------------- 58.62 Total----- ---------------------------------------- 0, 108. 09 It is estimated that the above funds will be exhausted June 30, 1931, expenditure during active operations for the 20-inch pipe-line dredge being at the rate of $20,000 per month. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($73,000), will be applied to maintenance and improvement work, as follows: Improve- Mainte- ment nance Operation of one 20-inch hydraulic pipe-line dredge about 3j months in the channel between Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, etc---.................------------------------------------------------ $55, 000 $15, 000 Contingencies ......... -----------------------------------------------------------------.... ....... 3, 000 Total--------------....................--------------------------------------------.. 55,000 18,000 The above amount is larger than the average expenditure for maintenance during the preceding five years due to the fact that this location has been dredged only twice during that period and that increased commerce and the regular use of this channel by 908 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 larger and deeper draft boats make it necessary to maintain project dimensions at all times. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for the channel be- tween Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound during the past five years is given below. Comparative statement Freight in transit Freight in transit Calendar year Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1925 .--- -. 89, 655 $7, 557, 018 1928_ ..... _____ __--- 429, 514 $15, 937, 898 1926 -- 126, 636 12, 311, 801 1929_ 514, 707 19,784,058 1927 ---------- ---------- 315, 441 15, 613, 437 No passengers carried. Only freight in transit passes over this waterway. The commerce during 1929 consisted principally of sugar and molasses, pulpwood, lumber, stone, cotton, iron and steel, coal, sand and gravel, and produce. The proportion in tonnage of each of these articles to the total tonnage was as follows: Sugar and molasses, 16.8 per cent; pulpwood, 4.8 per cent; lumber, 1.2 per cent; stone, 58.7 per cent; cotton, 2.4 per cent; iron and steel, 5 per cent; coal, 3.6 per cent; sand and gravel, 2.3 per cent; and produce, 1.1 per cent. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the boats carrying these prin- cipal articles of commerce were from 6 to 8 feet. Practically the entire amount of commerce between Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound was carried over the improved channel. There has been no recent change in the nature of the commerce due to the improvement. The Inland Waterways Corporation has in operation a fleet of tow- boats and barges over this waterway from New Orleans, La., to Mobile, Ala., and the Alabama coal fields, and the Lone Star Cement Corporation operates a fleet of barges between New Orleans and Pelham's Landing on the Tombigbee River, Ala. The increase in commerce for 1929 over that reported for 1928 is attributed largely to the increased amounts of stone, sugar, coal, and pulpwood. Cost and fiuancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------ $45, 604. 59 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------- ------------ 51, 636. 79 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 241. 38 9--------------7, Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930---------------------------- 49. 47 Net total expenditures_ _____-- ----------------- 97, 191. 91 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930- 108. 09 1-------------------------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------------107, 300.00 year ending June 30 Fiscal 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------------------- Cost of maintenance ... -- 8, 070. 16 $160. 30 $11, 263. 84 $91. 27 $49. 47 Total expended ____................_....8, 070.16 160.30 11, 243.49 111.62 .. Allotted.......----...------------------------ o------___00 -- -_.--- 20,000. , - - __------- RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 909 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------- $10,108.09 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 -- -------------------------- 10,108. 09 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------------------- 49. 47 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------ 10, 058. 62 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1------------------------------- --------- 55, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - For new work 55, 000. 00 - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- ---- - For maintenance 1 18, 000. 00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---- ---- - Total 1- 73, 000. 00 3. INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY, MOBILE BAY, ALA., TO NEW ORLEANS, LA. Location and description.-This waterway lies in the southwestern portion of Mississippi and the southeastern portion of Louisiana. The route begins at the 9-foot contour in Lake Ponchartrain near the end of the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal and runs thence through the Rigolets to the 9-foot contour in Grand Island Pass connecting Lake Borgne with Mississippi Sound. This waterway has a controlling depth of 9 feet over its entire length except over the bar at the mouth of the Rigolets where a depth of 61/2 feet exists. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1268 and 1269.) The channel in Lake Borgne is protected to some extent by a chain of islands on the south and by the mainland of Mississippi and Louisiana on the north. Original condition.-This waterway afforded a minimum usable depth of 9 feet, except on the bar at the mouth of the Rigolets where a depth of 6.5 feet existed, and over the middle ground in Lake Ponchartrain where a depth of approximately 5 feet existed. A channel through the middle ground in Lake Ponchartrain 150 feet wide and 8 feet deep was completed in 1917, since which time the project dimensions have obtained. Previous projects.--The act of Congress approved June 25, 1910, provided for a channel 150 feet wide and 8 feet deep through the middle ground in Lake Ponchartrain and for the removal of sunken obstructions. Work on that project was completed in 1917, the details thereof being given in the report for the first New Orleans district. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 9 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the 9-foot contour in Lake Ponchartrain near the end of the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal, through the Rigolets to the 9-foot contour in Grand Island Pass connecting Lake Borgne with Mississippi Sound. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1930 is $20,000, with $14,000 annually for maintenance. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930. (H. Doc. 341, 71st Cong., 2d sess.) Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 910 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1930 Terminal facilities.-No terminal facilities are necessary, as this is simply a connecting waterway between Lake Pontchartrain and Mississippi Sound for through traffic. Effect of imnprovement.-No work has been done under the existing project. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-No work was done. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done on this project. The controlling depth at mean low water was 61/2 feet. No expenditures were made under the existing project. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($20,000), will be applied to the operation of one pipe-line hydraulic dredge about one month in the portion of this waterway from Lake Borgne to Rigolets, Miss. and La., to pro- vide the project depth and width, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, and surveys. Cbmmercial statistics.-No commercial statistics have been col- lected for the calendar year 1929. Cost and financial swmmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_................ ---------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 .......... Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ---------------------------------------- $20, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for new work---- -------------------------------- 20, 000. 00 4. BLACK WARRIOR, WARRIOR, AND TOMBIGBEE RIVERS, ALA. Location and description.-The above names apply to what is vir- tually a single stream having its source in northern Alabama, flowing in a general southwesterly direction, and uniting with the Alabama River to form the Mobile River, 45 miles above Mobile Bay. The total length of the stream from the junction of the Mulberry and Locust Forks to the mouth is 3621/2 miles. The improvement ex- tends from Sanders Ferry, on the Mulberry Fork of the Black Warrior River and Nichols Shoals on the Locust Fork, respectively, 36 and 16 miles above their junction, to the mouth. The total length of slack water is 3321/2 miles from Lock 1, at McGrews Shoals, on the Tombigbee River, to Sanders Ferry, on the Mulberry Fork, with an additional 15 miles on the upper Tombigbee (above Demopolis) and 16 miles on the Locust Fork above its junction with Mulberry Fork. From Lock 1 to the mouth of the Tombigbee, a distance of 66 miles, the stream is tidal, and an open river channel is maintained. The current on the nontidal portion is very sluggish at low water, but fairly rapid at high water, which usually occurs from December to June, inclusive. The total drainage area is 19,761 square miles. The discharge at mouth is 2,250 second-feet at mean low water. The fall per mile at high water stages is about 0.3 of a -foot for the section below Lock 1, 0.6 of a foot from Lock 1 to the upper limits of navigation and about 3 feet for the unim- RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 911 proved section above the head of navigation. At extreme low-water stage the fall per mile is about 0.02 of a foot, throughout the im- proved portion and 3 feet above the upper limits of the improve- ment. The width between the banks varies from 140 to over 1,000 feet, with an average of about 400 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of Alabama.) Original condition.-The Tombigbee River from its mouth to the mouth of the Warrior River at Demopolis, 185 miles, had a minimum low-water depth of 2 feet and a width of 100 feet and could be navigated by steamboats about 8 months of the year. The Warrior River from its mouth at Demopolis to Tuscaloosa, 131 miles, had a minimum depth of 1 foot and width of 60 feet, and could be navi- gated by steamboats and rafts about 5 months of the year. The Black Warrior River from Tuscaloosa to the junction of the Mul- berry and Locust Forks, 47 miles, the Mulberry Fork from its mouth to Sanders Ferry, 36 miles, and the Locust Fork from its mouth to Nichols Shoals, 16 miles, had no low-water navigation, and at high- water navigation only by rafts. Previous projects.-Originally this improvement was conducted under three separate appropriations and treated as three distinct works. In 1902 the three works were combined and regarded as a single work which extended from Lock No. 1 on the Tombigbee River to the headwaters of navigation of the Locust and Mulberry Forks of the Black Warrior River. The maintenance of the section of the Tombigbee River below Lock No. 1 to its mouth, a distance of 66 miles, has since been included in the project, and the improvement of the rivers is now under one comprehensive project. The original project for the improvement of the Warrior River now combined with the Black Warrior and Tombigbee Rivers to form the present project, was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1875. The total cost of previous projects prior to adoption in 1884 of the existing project was, $656,930.78, of which $606,930.78 was for new work and $50,000 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $656,930.78. For further details of previous projects see page 1.841 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of 17 dams and 18 locks, the extra lock being at Dam No. 17, where the lift of 61 feet is equally divided between two locks in tandem, and for such dredging and clearing of channels by snagging as might be neces- sary to secure an all-year channel of 6 feet depth at low water from the mouth of the Tombigbee River to the junction of the Mulberry and Locust Forks of the Black Warrior River, a distance of 3621/2 miles, and thence for a distance of 36 miles on the Mulberry Fork to Sanders Ferry and 16 miles on the Locust Fork to Nichols Shoals, making a total distance of 4141/2 miles. The maintenance of the section of the Tombigbee River below Lock No. 1 to its mouth, a distance of 66 miles, formerly reported under the title "Tombigbee River, Ala., from mouth to Demopolis (maintenance of channel) " authorized by the river and harbor acts approved September 19, 1890, and June 13, 1902, is included in this project. The last separate report under the above-quoted title is shown on page 781, Annual Report for 1926. 11714--ENG 1930--58 912 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The following statement shows condition of locks and dams, all of which have been open for through traffic since May, 1915: Looation and other data for lockT in this system Dis- Dis- Width of chamber and Depth tance Lift over sills Lock No. above Nearest town tance greatest length avail- at low mouth (feet)the full width for (miles)(miles)able (feet) water (miles) (feet) - -- 1 -1-- ,------ ---- 66 St. Stephens, Ala _--_..... 281.9 by 52 ______. 9.00 18.0 2--------- 137 Pennington, Ala_ 286 by 52__-.____ 12. 00 8.5 159 Oakchia, Ala ............... -.... do------------ 10. 00 8. 5 4---------- 186 Demopolis, Ala---------- 285.6 by 52.......----- 10. 00 8. 5 5------- 201 Cedarville, Ala ___ - - do_ _ - 10. 00 8. 5 6--------- 221.5 Sawyerville, Ala_ - ...d o ............... 10. 00 8. 5 7----------- 237 Wedgworth, Ala ............. 284.7 by 52_ __-...... 10. 00 8. 5 8--------- 253 Akron, Ala..... 284.7 by 51.65 _---__ 10. 00 8. 5 9--------- 270 Powers, Ala-_ - 284.7 by 52 ______...__ 10.00 8.5 10-....---- 317 Tuscaloosa, Ala__ 286. 6 by 52_______..--__ 9. 86 8. 5 11--------- 317.5 --- do -- - -- - - -- - -- - - 286 by 52_....._______ 8.50 8. 5 12------. --- 318 .....do -- --. -- - -- - -- - 286. 2 by 52______-____- 10. 50 8. 5 13-......----325 Tidewater, Ala ___ 285. 5 by 52 __- ______- 12. 14 8. 5 14_-.. .--- 328. 5 Searles, Ala ...... ..... 8 282.1 by 52 -.-- --... 14. 00 8. 5 15-..------ 335 Kellerman, Ala----------- 6 --do _- 14.00 8.5 16.....--------- 341.5 .. ..d o _- -- -- -- -- -- -- 14 285.5 by 52 __._____- 21.00 8.5 17 2..-------- 343 -- do_ 14 .-- do _ -- - - 61.00 8.5 Total lift ...... 242. 0O Type of construction Date Character o Kind of of com- Actual cost Lock No. of lock and foundation dam ple- dam Lock Dam tion 1 .------ Soft rock ___________ Fixed_ Concrete .. Concrete___ 1909 $560, 290. 02 2 -- ----.... Hard clay ______________do__ .. do . . . Timber crib, stone 1915 560, 114.09 filled. 3--------- _do_ - ___do -... .. do . . . - - 1915 do .. .. .. . 609, 622.80 4_------- . _. do -- __do - . ..do .... d o .. . .. . ..... 1908 . 479, 000.00 5_-------- _--- do-- - - - - do ..do .. . do ..... 1908 501, 000. 00 6_---------- Piles_ - _- ___do... ..do -. . --- d o . .. ... .. 1908 443, 000. 00 7-------- _-do - ..do -. . --- do ......... . 1903 225, 600. 00 8------- -- _do ___do .-.- ..do . . -- do ..- - 1903 212, 400. 00 9--------- __d o ......... __do ...- ..do -. . --- d o . .......... 1902 202, 440. 00 10 -------- Hard sandstone_ do -.. Stone --.. --_ do .......... 1895 244, 500. 00 11 _- - _--do - ___do-... ____do . . -- do _ -- 1895 170, 000. 00 12_ - _do ___do..... ..... . dodo_. .. ..do -_- ----- 1895 160, 500. 00 13 -------- ....do ___do -. Stone ............ 1905 203, 700.00 14 .. .....-- -.. do - ___do --- Concrete ... Concrete- -------- 1910 414, 714. 89 15......--------- -_ ..do -- ___do .... -- .. do. .. ..do .......... 1910 430, 233. 87 16..----.. -- ._...do - - - - ___do .... . do ... ._ do ......... 1915 520, 853. 68 __do . .. ... do .... -.. d o ........... 3 1915 17 2......------- ... .do - - 4 3, 174,070.00 1River is tidal below this lock and daily gage readings show that on an average of only 2 days per year is the depth over the sill less than 8 feet, the minimum being 6.9 feet. 2 Double lock. 9 Opened to navigation in 1915. Now 99 per cent completed; the remaining 1 per cent covers cost for submerged land. 4 Estimated cost. Payments for submerged lands not completed. Cost to Jan. 1, 1930, $3,136,458.08. The tidal influence extends from Mobile 111 miles to Lock No. 1, where the tidal effect is apparent only at low stages of river. At Mobile the mean and extreme tidal ranges are 1.4 feet and 3.6 feet, respectively. These are at times slightly increased by the effect of winds. The greatest fluctuation of river stages is at Demopolis, Ala.. the maximum at this point being 59.7 feet. The maximum fluctua- tions at other points are 40 feet at Lock No. 1, 111 miles from Mobile; 57.8 feet at Tuscaloosa, Ala., 362 miles from Mobile; 25 feet at Bir- mingport, 419 miles from Mobile; and 39.3 feet at Cordova, 439 miles from Mobile. The ordinary fluctuations at these points are at Lock No. 1, 20 feet; at Demopolis, 35 feet; at Tuscaloosa, 40 feet; RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 913 at Birmingport, 10 feet; and at Cordova, 15 feet. The works of improvement have reduced the amount of fluctuations at different points from 3 to 10 feet. There was no original approved estimate for the existing project. Estimates for the different parts of this project were made from time to time and were modified as different items were added to project. The estimated cost of new work, revised in 1926, is $10,020,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $50,000. The original appropriation for the existing project was made July 5, 1884. The report of a board of engineer officers recommending a project for slack-water navigation was approved by the Secretary of War April 19, 1887. The river and harbor act of March 3, 1889, provided for the construction of the first locks between Tuscaloosa and Demopolis; the act of June 13, 1902, merged the individual projects for the Black Warrior, Warrior, and Tombigbee (below Demopolis) ; and the act of August 22, 1911, authorized the extension to its final limits (Annual Reports for 1887, p. 1302; 1891, p. 1461; 1901, p. 1858; and H. Does. No. 259, 64th Cong., 1st sess.; No. 178, 56th Cong., 2d sess.; No. 72, 62d Cong., 1st sess.); and the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, provided for the raising of various dams 2 feet and raising the lock walls 2 feet at Lock No. 1; also for widening the channel to 150 feet where practicable (Annual Report for 1918, p. 876). The latest published map for the Tombigbee River is published in Annual Report for 1911, page 1708, for the Warrior River, page 1702, and for the Black Warrior River, in Annual Report for 1913, page 2144. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The following facilities, comprising loading and transfer stations, wharves, etc., have been provided along this waterway: Above Mobile Character of facilities Purpose for which used Location Miles Electric crane with mooring piles; con- Transfer of limestone from Tombigbee River, Pel- 110 nected with surrounding country by crusher to barges. hams Landing, Ala. dirt road. Do--------------- - - Transfer of lumber from Tombigbee River, Bla- 130 sawmill to barges. don Springs Landing, Ala. Derrick.. - - - Transfer of logs from river Tombigbee River, at 229. 2 and barges to sawmill. Demopolis, Ala. Do_ -_ --- do- -- ... -- -- -- -... do ------ 229. 3 Do ..--------------- do... ..---------..----------- do---------------- 229. 4 Do ..... ... ---.. do-.... do do------- 229. 5 Locomotive crane . ...-- - --------- Transfer of logs from barges Warrior River, near 236 to sawmill. Demopolis, Ala. Derrick connected with Southern Ry. Transfer of coal from barges .. do.......---------------- 236. 1 by spur track. to car and yard. Derrick, warehouse, and loading hopper; Transferring sand, gravel, Warrior River, at Tus- 361.5 connected with the city of Tuscaloosa and cement from barges caloosa, Ala. by streets. to trucks, hopper, and warehouse. Derrick, warehouse, and loading plat- Transfer of miscellaneous Black Warrior River, 364. 2 form; connected by spur track with freight from boats to ware- near Tuscaloosa, Ala. city street railway system, which has house or cars and vice connection with all railroads entering versa. city. Is also connected with city by improved highway. 914 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Above Mobile Character of facilities Purpose for which used Location Miles I I Electric crane, with mooring piles; Transfer of coal and logs Black Warrior River, 366 connected with all railroads entering from barges to yard. near Tuscaloosa, Ala. city by spur track and city street railway system, and with surrounding country by improved highway. Derrick, warehouse, and loading plat- Transfer of miscellaneous Black Warrior River, 367 form; connected with the Louisville freight from barges to near Holt, Ala. & Nashville and Mobile & Ohio Rail- warehouse or cars and vice roads through intermediate switching versa. with the Central Iron & Coal Co.'s R. R. and with the city of Tuscaloosa, Ala., by electric railway. Derrick-.................................Transfer of logs from barges ..... do.-...-------- 368 and rafts to sawmill. Coal bin and loading chute; connected Loading coal onto barges.... Black Warrior River, 370. 8 with the Mobile & Ohio R. R. by Ala., near Lock No. spur track, and with surrounding 13. country by dirt road. Coal bin with loading chute; connected ....---do.........------------ Mulberry Fork of Black 435 with the Southern Ry. by spur track, Warrior River, Ala., and *ith the surrounding country by at Southern Ry. cross- dirt road. ing. Two electric derricks, and warehouse Transfer of miscellaneous Locust Fork of Black 419 equipped with overhead electric freight from boats to cars Warrior River, near trolley system; connected with War- and warehouse and vice Short Creek, Ala. rior Terminal Co.'s R. R. by spur versa. tracks, and with surrounding country by improved highway. Gantry crane; connected with Warrior Transfer of manufactured --.. do................... 419. 5 Terminal Co.'s R. R. by spur track, steel from cars to barges and surrounding country by im- and manganese ore and proved highway. sulphur from barges to cars. Of the above facilities, all are privately owned and operated except the terminals at miles 364.2, 367, and 419 from Mobile. The terminal at mile 367 is owned by the city of Tuscaloosa and is leased to a private company, but serves the general public. The terminals at miles 367 and 419 are owned and operated by the Inland Water- ways Corporation and serve the general public. These terminals are adequate for the present commerce, except that the terminal at mile 367, Holt, Ala., is in need of additional warehouse space. Jackson, Ala., has no terminal facilities and Demopolis, Ala., has no terminal open for use by the general public. (For description of other terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has provided a chan- nel available for all-year traffic, has made possible the use of large boats and tows and has caused to be established for a large territory a freight rate for shipments by water and rail equivalent to 80 per cent of the rate for all-rail shipment. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Negotiations for the purchase of land submerged by Dam No. 17 were continued; 9,647 cubic yards of rock was removed in widening and improving the channel; 181,611 cubic yards of flood deposit, 486 obstructions and 500 cubic yards of stone was removed in maintaining the channel below Lock No. 1. All work was done with hired labor and United States plant. The total cost for new work was $20,828.23; for main- tenance, $18,701.98; a total of $39,530.21. The total expenditures were $47,771.14. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 915 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 99 per cent com- *'Existing pleted. Seventeen locks and dams have been built (see table under project," p. 912), channel and one turning basin have been dredged, original snagging completed over the section below Lock No. 17, 343 miles, and principal lock houses built at all locks. The project depth of 6 feet over a minimum width of 100 feet obtains throughout the entire length of the improvement, and all- year navigation for boats is possible to the extent of the channel dimensions. The work remaining to be done consists of completing snagging above Lock No. 17, widening the channel by removal of rock shoals, increasing the height of the lock walls at Lock No. 1, and complete payment for submerged land above Dam No. 17. Cost under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $9,766,393.20 for new work and $416,981.57 for maintenance, a total of $10,183,374.77. The total expenditures were $10,191,481.98. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1930, amounting to $66,275.57, to new work and main- tenance, as follows: New work Maintenance Payment for land submerged by backwater above Dam No. 17, Black Warrior River ..----------------- ------------------- ---------------- $17, 000.00 ------------- Widening and improving channel in Warrior and Tombigbee Rivers by re- moval of rock, operation of derrick boat and attendant plant 4 months, including care and upkeep of plant--------_--- ..--------------------- ..... 15, 000.00 Operation of 1 snag boat on the Tombigbee River below Dam No. 1, 1 month, including care and upkeep of plant $3, 000.00 Operation of 1 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge on Tombigbee River below Dam No. 1, about 1 month, including care and upkeep of plant -----------..........-------------- 25, 000.00 Surveys, office expenses, and contingencies__------------------------- 1, 000. 00 1, 091. 76 Payment of outstanding liabilities, July 1, 1930 ............-------------------------- 4, 183. 81 ----------- Total ._ ------ --------------- ---------- 37, 183. 81 29,091.76 It is estimated that the above funds will be exhausted June 30, 1931, expenditures during active operations of the dredge and other plant being at the rate of $20,000 and $3,000 per month, respectively. Work will be prosecuted as the stage of the river permits. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($51,000) will be applied to new work and maintenance as follows: New work Maintenance Payment for land submerged by backwater above Dam No. 17, Black Warrior River------ ---------------------- ----......... -- $5, 000 Widening and improving channel in Warrior and Tombigbee Rivers by 18, 000 -.......-- removal ofrock....................................------------------------------------ Operation of 1 snag boat about 1 month, including care and upkeep of plant -------------- - $3,000 Operation of 1 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about 1 month, including care and upkeep of plant_ ______ .. .. ..............-- ------------------------------ 23, 000 ----------------... Surveys, office expenses, and contingencies -------................--- 1, 000 1, 000 Total ............---------------------------- ...-------------------..... 24,000 27,000 Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for this section of river for the past five years is given in the table following. 916 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Comparative statement Internal Internal Calendar year Passengers Calendar year Passengers Short tons Value Short tons Value 1925.......... 1, 383, 712 $20, 785, 437 5, 081 1928--_----- 1, 758, 358 $29, 908, 668 455 1926.......... 1,292, 098 22, 863, 319 2, 388 . 1929_-----. - 1,938, 773 44,440, 923 683 1927.......... 1, 467, 315 28, 726, 579 1,532 The commerce during 1929 consisted principally of sand and gravel, forest products, crude manufactured iron and steel, coal, sulphur, iron ore, and cotton. The proportion in tonnage of each of these items to the total ton- nage moved is as follows: Sand and gravel, 20.4 per cent; forest products, 32.6 per cent; stone, 15.6 per cent; manufactured iron and steel, 14.1 per cent; coal, 4.9 per cent; iron ore, 2.9 per cent; cotton, 2.3 per cent; petroleum and products, 1.7 per cent; sugar and mo- lasses, 3 per cent. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the boats carrying these prin- cipal classes were from 3 to 71/2 feet. The entire commerce was carried over the improved sections. The improvement has made practicable the use of deeper-draft barges with consequent economies and noteworthy increase in commerce. The increase in commerce during 1929 over that reported for 1928 is largely attributed to the increased movements of lumber, cement rock, steel, and sugar. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------------------------ $10, 378,467.02 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 2____________-__-_____ 468, 546. 17 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 10, 847, 013. 19 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930-------- 3, 676. 77 Net total cost to June 30, 1930----------------------10, 850, 689. 96 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930____----- ----- 2, 267. 20 Net total expenditures_ ---------------------------- 10, 848, 422. 76 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 66, 275. 57 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------- 10, 914, 698.33 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-.-_ ------------ $14, 319. 17 $19, 452. 11 $17, 518. 50 $4, 329. 43 $20, 828. 23 Cost of maintenance._.----------------- 16, 561. 26 16, 078. 96 24, 653. 72 25, 525. 02 18, 701. 98 Total cost....-- .__--------30, 880. 43 35, 531.07 42, 172. 22 29, 854. 45 39, 530. 21 Total expended_ _---...... ----- -30, 880. 43 35, 531.07 -114, 878. 51 41, 515. 26 47, 771. 14 Allotted- . . . . . 32, 000. 00 32, 850. 00 -115, 266. 00 28, 000. 00 44, 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_____---------------------------- $69, 546. 71 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------------------------------------- 44, 500.00 Amount to be accounted for ------------------------- 114,046. 71 x Increased $5,143.04 due to absorption of plant debit. SIncreased $1,564.60 due to absorption of plant debit. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 917 Gross amount expended ___--___-____------_ _ $47, 773.14 ____2. Less receipts from sales_____------------___------------ 00 $47, 771. 14 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_------------------------- 66, 275. 57 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------------------------- 2, 267. 20 Balance available June 30, 1930---------------------------- 64, 008. 37 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - existing project 3 - - - - - - - - - - - 216, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: - - For new work 8____________________________________ 24, 000. 00 For maintenance 3___________________-__________________ _ 27, 000. 00 Total --------------------------------------------------- 51,000. 00 5. TOMBIGBEE RIVER, FROM DEMOPOLIS, ALA., TO WALKERS BRIDGE, MISS. Location and description.-The source of this river is in northeast- ern Mississippi, and it flows in a southeasterly direction. Its mouth is 45 miles above Mobile Bay where its junction with the Alabama River forms the Mobile River. Its total length is about 503 miles. The distance from Demopolis to Walkers Bridge is 318 miles. The drainage area above Demopolis is 9,250 square miles. The discharge at Demopolis is approximately 900 cubic feet per second at low water and 200,000 cubic feet per second at high water, and at Columbus approximately 200 cubic feet per second at low water and 80,000 cubic feet per second at high water. It is nontidal. The current is rapid at high water and sluggish at low water, although the average fall per mile, 0.7 of a foot, is the same for both stages, the slope at low water is broken by numerous sand bars. The average width, at low water, below Columbus is 219 feet. (See U. S. Geological Sur- vey maps of Alabama and Mississippi.) Original condition.-Steamboat navigation was practicable only during high water as far as Aberdeen, 199 miles above Demopolis, the minimum channel at low water being 70 feet wide and 1 foot deep below Columbus, 149 miles above Demopolis, and 50 feet wide and 1 foot deep from Columbus to Aberdeen, 50 miles. The entire section was available for rafting purposes at high water. Previous projects.--Work on the section between Demopolis and Columbus was commenced under project adopted in 1871 and modi- fied by project adopted in 1879. For the section above Columbus there are no previous projects. Prior to the adoption of the existing project on September 19, 1890, the cost on the section between Demop- olis and Columbus was $63,382.98, of which $47,342.98 was for new work and $16,040 was for maintenance. The total expenditures were $63,382.98. For further details of previous projects see page 1842, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for securing a channel 6 feet deep at low water by snagging, tree cutting, bank revetment, bar improve- 8 Exclusive of available funds. 918 REPORT qF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 ment, and the construction of locks and dams fromt Demopolis to Columbus, 149 miles. The distance from the lower end of project at Demopolis to the mouth is 185 miles. The present project for the section from Columbus to Walkers Bridge, 169 miles, provides for securing a high-water channel by the removal of obstructions. This part of the improvement was formerly divided into two sections, but later appropriations were made for the work as one improvement. The extreme fluctuation is 59.7 feet at Demopolis, 45.9 feet at Columbus, and 42.1 feet at Aberdeen. Exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects, the original estimate of the cost of new work for the section between Demopolis and Columbus was $779,400, including lock and dam construction, and $28,500 for annual maintenance. The latest estimate, made in 1916, and found in House Document No. 1137, Sixty-fourth Con- gress, first session, increased these amounts to $4,500,000 for lock and dam construction and $90,000 for annual maintenance, but no provi- sion has yet been made by Congress for lock and dam construction. The original estimate for the section above Columbus was $47,000 for new work and $6,500 for annual maintenance. The latest (1928) approved estimate provides only for the removal of snags above Demopolis at an annual cost of $5,000, the present commerce not warranting an annual expenditure in excess of this sum. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the im- provement and maintenance of the section between Columbus and Demopolis (H. Doc. No. 156, 51st Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1890, p. 1719); the acts of March 3, 1873, and August 11, 1888, provided for the improvement and maintenance of that part of the waterway between Columbus and Walkers Bridge (Annual Reports for 1873, p. 548, and 1882, p. 1312); and the act of February 27, 1911, consolidated the improvement from Demopolis to Walkers Bridge under one head and made one appropriation for this section. Since 1911 work has been restricted to improvement at and below Aberdeen. There are no published maps. Recommended modifications of project. Under date of May 15, 1916, the Chief of Engineers recommended that this project be modi- fied to provide for snagging only at an estimated cost of $15,000 annually (H. Doc. 1137, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities along this waterway and none are required, as there are no transportation lines using this section of the Tombigbee River, and the commerce con- sists almost entirely of forest products handled to mills. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has reduced difficulties to navigation and facilitated the transportation of timber products. Freight rates by rail and by water have not been affected, as there is no established transportation lines using the waterway. Operationsand results during the fiscad year.-No work was done under this project. There were no costs and no expenditures for the fiscal year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The proportion of the approved project accomplished from Demopolis to Columbus can not be stated. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 919 Since 1902 expenditures have been applied to maintenance under ex- isting projects for the entire section. Navigation above Aberdeen, a distance of 119 miles, is impracticable except for rafting at mean and high water. From Aberdeen to Columbus, about 50 miles, navigation is possible at high stages, but dangerous on account of rapid fluctua- tion, and no boats ply this part of the section. From Columbus to Demopolis, 149 miles, navigation at mean and high stages during about four months each year is comparatively safe for river steamers with a draft of 5 feet, but such boats rarely go above Demopolis. At low water navigation is mostly confined to small craft, except for a few miles above Demopolis, the controlling depth being about 1 foot. The total cost under the existing project is $150,307.73 for new work and $204,268.12 for maintenance, a total of $354,575.85. The total expenditures were $354,575.85. Pro'pose'd opermtions.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1930, amounting to $3,891.20, to maintenance work by the operation of one snag boat about one month at such time as required by the needs of traffic. It is estimated that the above funds will be exhausted June 30, 1931, expenditures during active opera- tions being at the rate of approximately $3,000 per month. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($2,500), will be applied to the operation of one snag boat about one month. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for this section of the river for the past five years is given below. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925 ......--------------------- 25, 307 $134, 261 1928 .........-----......---------------- 5, 483 $36, 015 1926--------------- ------- 5, 319 57, 060 ------ 1929 ....--------.......------.......... 23, 391 127, 892 1927---------------------23, 750 142,868 Number of passengers not available. The principal commodities handled during 1929 consisted of for- est products, 98 per cent, and sand and gravel, 1.5 per cent, all com- merce being transported on barges with a draft of from 3 to 5 feet. There are no established lines of transportation on this waterway. The increase in tonnage for 1929 compared with the previous year was due to the increased activities in the lumber, sand, and gravel industries. Cost and finanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------- $197, 650. 71 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------ ------ 220, 308.12 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 417, 958. 83 Net total expenditures -------------------------------- 417, 958. 83 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------- 3, 891. 20 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 421, 850.03 920 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.--- . -------------- ------------------------------ .------------- ---------- Cost of maintenance ---------------------- $188. 57 --- _------- $15. 13 $1, 352. 55 -------- Total expended__-___--------------- 188. 57 ..........- 15. 13 1, 352. 55 ....------------ Allotted.------------------------- 5,000.00 --- ....------------------- --$5,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 891. 20 $--------------- Deduction on account of revocation of allotment------------- ------ 5, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for- _____ ______-------3, 891. 20 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930______ ------------ 3, 891. 20 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance_--------------------- 2, 500. 00 6. OPERATING AND CARE OF;LOCKS AND DAMS ON BLACK WARRIOR, WARRIOR, AND TOMBIGBEE RIVERS, ALA. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Black Warrior, Warrior, and Tombig- bee Rivers, Ala. See pages 910 to 917, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since the following dates: Lock No. Date Lock No. Date 1----- ------------------------- Sept. 6, 1908 10, ------------------------ July 1, 1896 .2............------------------------ Nov. 1,1914 11--------.---J4------------------- Do. 3---- -------------------- Sept. 21, 1914 12---------------------------Do. -- 4_---- _---------------Dec. 1,1908 13--.------------- -------- July 4, 1905 ----......................------------------------... Sept. 1, 1908 14--- ------------------------ Mar. 29, 1910 6------------------------------------ Oct. 1, 1908 15--------------------------------- May 2,1910 7......................------------------------Nov. 7,1903 16.-------.-------------------- --- Jan. 1,1915 8------...............--..........---------------- Jan. 1,1903 17----------------------------------- May 13, 1915 9------- ------ Do. .---------------- Operations and results during fiscal year.--The 17 locks and dams, telephone line of 186 miles, other equipment and plant were operated and maintained by hired labor and United States plant; 28,438 cubic yards of flood deposit and 162 cubic yards of loose rock were removed from the lock chambers; and 1,612,498 cubic yards of flood deposit, 402 cubic yards of loose rock, 8,265 obstructions, and 1,199 cords of drift were removed from the channel. Three 20 by 30 foot and one 20 by 40 foot guard cribs were rebuilt above low water, and four 20 by 40 foot guard cribs were constructed. One tile and steel machinery house at Lock No. 17 was 90 per cent completed; one boiler shed at Lock No. 1 and a bathhouse at Locks Nos. 1 and 12 were constructed. The roofs on four lockhouses and one warehouse were renewed. Two spare gate leaves for Locks Nos. 16 and 17 were constructed; gates at Locks Nos. 16 and 17 were sand blasted and painted; lower miter sill at Lock No. 10 was renewed; paved back of land walls at Locks Nos. 8 and 9, and commenced preparations for the renewal of floor RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 921 in Lock No. 9. Repaired gates, floating plant, and lockhouses. Total cost, $468,227.60. Total expenditures, $465,675. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The 17 locks and dams have been completed (see table under Existing project, p. 912) and are all open to traffic for tows up to 50 feet wide, 280 feet long, and 8 feet draft. New lock floors are necessary at Locks Nos. 8 and 9. A por- tion of the dam caps on Dams Nos. 14, 15, and 16 were torn from these dams during flood stage and will be replaced by caps con- structed in place. In order to hasten the locking of traffic and to enable repairs to be made without unwatering locks, it is considered advisable to construct filling and emptying valves in all lock gates. The gates, valves, and fishways at several of the locks are in need of repairs. Guard cribs at two locks are in bad condition and should be replaced with larger cribs. With the above exceptions, all locks are in good condition and all requirements are being given attention. A depth of not less than 8 feet is maintained throughout the canalized system by the removal of obstructions from the channel and dredging of bars. The total cost from the permanent indefinite appropriation to the end of the fiscal year was $5,961,247.88. The total expenditures were $6,612,151.42. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotment from the permanent and indefinite ap- propriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-Same as for Black Warrior, Warrior, and Tombigbee Rivers, Ala., see pages 915 to 916. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930____________________ 1 $6, 057, 354. 79 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ---------- 576, 823. 33 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_______ ______ ___-__--6, 634, 178. 12 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------ 3,127. 50 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930_------------------ 6, 637, 305. 62 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ____________1111111111111 25, 154. 20 Net total expenditures---------------------------------6, 612, 151. 42 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930________________----_----___ 105, 632. 35 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 6, 717, 783. 77 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work................................... Cost of maintenance-.------ - - - -.- _-. $480, 373. 44 $437, 818. 98 $367, 474. 40 $409, 093. 86 $468, 227. 60 Total expended ----------------- --- - - 480, 373.44 437, 818.98 363,550.75 406,920.76 465, 675. 00 Allotted----------------------------.. 732, 000. 00 225, 000. 00 400,021. 00 400,000. 00 390,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----------------------------- $181, 307. 35 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909-------------------- --- 390, 000. 00 Amount t6 be accounted for _ _ ---- - ------ 571, 307. 35 1 Increased $96,106.91 due to absorption of plant debit. 922- REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 Gross amount expended-------_____-------------- $468, 616. 83 Less receipts from sales--------------------------- 2, 941. 83 $465,675.00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------- 105, 632.35 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------- --- 34, 908. 58 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------70, 723. 77 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930_---__-------------------- - 3, 127. 50 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 3, 851.27 7-------------- Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931________________----------- 500, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931_______----------- -- 573, 851. 27 7. BAYOU LABATRE, ALA. Location and description.-Bayou Labatre, a tidal stream about 10 miles long, is located in the southwestern part of the State of Alabama, and empties into Mississippi Sound. It is 45 miles by water from Mobile Harbor, Ala., on the east and 18 miles from Pas- cagoula Harbor, Miss., on the west. The entrance to the bayou from Mississippi Sound is through the channel across the bar at its mouth. The average width of the bayou varies from 400 feet at the mouth to 100 feet at the upper limit of the improvement. The channel in the bayou is protected. The channel in Mississippi Sound is pro- tected on the north by the mainland and partially protected on the east and west by the Isle of Herbs and the mainland, respectively, but exposed on the south to local disturbances in Mississippi Sound. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1267.) Original condition.-The minimum usable depth at mean low water in the bayou and across the bar at its mouth was 3 feet. The head of navigation was 4 miles above the mouth of the bayou. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide across the bar and 6 feet deep and 75 feet wide between the mouth and the county highway bridge, except where the existing depth is 6 feet or more for a width of at least 50 feet. The length of the channel across the bar is 3,500 feet, and the section of the bayou included in the project is 21/2 miles in length. The mean and extreme tidal ranges are 13/4 and 33/4 feet, respectively. The estimated cost for new work, made in 1923, was $20,000, with $5,000 for annual maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925 (H. Com. Doc. No. 4, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifecations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, provided that local interests furnish without cost to the United States suitable areas for the deposit of dredged material. This requirement has been fully complied with by the local interests. Terminal facilities.-There are five small wooden wharves which are used exclusively in connection with canning factories located on the bayou. These wharves are considered adequate for existing com- RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 923 merce, which consists entirely of sea foods obtained from local waters. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has greatly facilitated navigation and made possible the use of larger and deeper draft vessels. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No dredging work was done. Cost during the fiscal year, amounting to $183.46, all charged to maintenance, was for survey of channel and district office ex- penses. The total expenditures were $133.99. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1926 at a saving of $1,369 under the estimated cost. The project depths and widths have been obtained in the channel in Mississippi Sound, across the bar at the mouth of the bayou, and in the bayou up to the county highway bridge. The controlling depths ascertained during June, 1929, were as follows: Mississippi Sound Channel, 5 feet; Bayou Labatre Channel, 5 feet. The total costs to the end of the fiscal year under the existing project were $18,631.29 for new work and $465.84 for maintenance, all charged to dredging, a total of $19,097.13. The total expenditures were $19,047.66. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1930, amounting to $5,952.34, for maintenance as follows: Operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about 9 days in the Mississippi Sound and Bayou Labatre Channels, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, and surveys ----------- $5, 800. 00 Payment of outstanding liabilities, July 1, 1930--------------------- 49. 47 Contingencies ------- --------------------------------- 102. 87 Total-------------------------------------------- 5, 952. 34 It is estimated that the above funds will be exhausted June 30, 1931, expenditures during active operations of the 20-inch pipe-line dredge being at the rate of $20,000 per month. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($9,000), will be applied to the operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about one-half month in the Mississippi Sound and Bayou Labatre Channels, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, surveys, etc. The above amount is larger than the average expenditure during the preceding five years, due to the fact that these channels have been dredged only once during that period. Commercial statistcis.-The total commerce of Bayou Labatre dur- ing the past five years is given below. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value --- __ -- 1925__--_ -___- 17,270 $559, 719 1928.--------------------.. 27, 977 $488, 748 1926_----------------- 24, 231 289, 480 1929.-------------------- 29, 991 330, 717 1927_ - 32,687 801, 308 The commerce during 1929 consisted principally of sand and gravel, oysters, shrimp, ice, and pulpwood. The proportion in ton- nage of each of these items to the total tonnage is as follows: Sand 924 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 and gravel, 39.8 per cent; oysters, 22.6 per cent; shrimp, 6.3 per cent; ice, 23.3 per cent; and pulpwood, 7.6 per cent. There were no passengers, freight in transit, or floated logs. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the boats carrying this commerce were from 2 to 6 feet. There are no established lines of transpor- tation. The incease in commerce for 1929, as compared with 1928, is attrib- uted to the building of paved roads and bridges in this vicinity. Cost and. financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------- - $18, 631. 29 -___------_ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 -------------------- --- 465. 84 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------9, 097. 13 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ---------------------------- 49.47 Net total expenditures --------------------------- 19, 047. 66 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930______________ ________ _ 5, 952.34 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---- -__--- 25, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work___ .--.-.-------------- $7, 732. 13 $10,899. 16 Cost of maintenance---. ............------------------ 55. 28 $147. 10 $80. 00 $181 46 Total cost.--_--------------------- 7, 732.13 10, 954.44 147.10 80.00 183.46 Total expended_.....................----------------------- 7, 732. 13 10, 954. 44 65.76 161. 34 133. 99 Allotted _----------------------------20,000.00 5,000.00 .................. .... Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----------------------- $6,086. 33 Gross amount expended-------------------------------------- 133.99 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 5, 952. 34 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930.__....____-- ----------- 49.47 Balance available June 30, 1930 _---___-_____--------- 5,902.87 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1 - - - 30, 1932, for maintenance ____ ___ __ _ 9, 000. 00 8. PASCAGOULA HARBOR, MISS. Location and description.-This harbor, located along the lower 6.8 miles of Pascagoula River and the lower 4 miles of Dog River, is in the southeastern part of the State of Mississippi, about 61 miles by water from Mobile Harbor, Ala., on the east and about 44 miles from Gulfport Harbor, Miss., on the west. The average widths of Pasca- goula and Dog Rivers for the distance stated are 720 and 335 feet, respectively. Its entrance from the Gulf of Mexico is through Horn Island Pass between Horn and Petit Bois Islands, thence through Mississippi Sound to the mouth of Pascagoula River, a total distance of 12 miles. The outer bar at Horn Island Pass is without protec- tion on the south from disturbances in the Gulf. The channel through Mississippi Sound is partially protected by Horn and Petit Bois Islands on the south and the mainland on the north. The river 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA. DISTRICT 925 channel is protected. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1267.) Original condition.--Across the bar at Horn Island there was a minimum usable depth of 18 feet at mean low water over a width of one-quarter mile, and across the bar at the mouth of Pascagoula River a mean low-water depth of 3 feet over a width of 1,000 feet. Previous projects.-Appropriations were made for Pascagoula River by the river and harbor acts approved on the following dates: March 2, 1827; May 23, 1828; February 24, 1832. There is no record of the work accomplished. The first project of which anything defi- nite is known was adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 14, 1880. Other projects were adopted by the river and harbor acts of August 5, 1886, and of March 3, 1899, the latter including Dog River. The river and harbor acts of June 13, 1902, and June 25, 1910, modified and extended the latter project. Provision for im- proving Horn Island Pass was made in the river and harbor acts of August 18, 1894, and June 3, 1896, in conjunction with the improve- ment of the channel at the mouth of Pascagoula River. Another project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. Prior to the commencement of work on July 1, 1916, under the existing project adopted in 1913 and modified by river and harbor act of March 4, 1915, the cost on previous projects was $1,317,065.76, of which $904,441.61 was for new work and $412,624.15 for mainte- nance. The total expenditures were $1,317,065.76. (For further de- tails of previous projects see p. 1843 of Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for a through channel of the maximum dimensions that can be secured by the expenditure of $283,000, but not exceeding a depth of 25 feet and width of 300 feet across the outer bar at Horn Island Pass, and thence a depth of 22 feet and width of 225 feet to the railroad bridge at 'Pascagoula, and thence a depth of 22 feet and width of 150 feet, increased at sharp bends, to a point on Dog River 4 miles above its mouth. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range here is 13/4 feet and the extreme tidal range is 33/4 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1914, is $283,000, ex- clusive of amount expended on previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000 for the outer bar channel at Horn Island Pass and $100,000 for the channels in the river and through Mississippi Sound. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts. The act of March 4, 1913, provided for limiting the channel dimensions subject to local cooperation (H. Doc. No. 682, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 4, 1915, modified the required local cooperation and provided for the present channel dimensions (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 12, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest pub- lished map of this locality may be found in House Document No. 211, Fifty-fourth Congress, second session. Recommended modification of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 4, 1915, re- quired local interests to furnish space for public wharves both at Moss Point and Pascagoula, 800 feet in length and of such width as may be satisfactory to the Secretary of War. Both towns have provided sites, which were approved by the Secretary of War on May 8, 1916. 926 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 30 Terminal facilities.-The municipal wharf on the east side of Pas- cagoula River has an available dockage of 1,094 feet and a ware- house area of 4,840 square feet, is connected with.the railroad by a spur line, and at present is open to the public without charge. The Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co.'s trestle in the Pascagoula River at Pascagoula, Miss., just north of their bridge, and the Mississippi Export Railroad wharf on the Dog River at Moss Point, Miss., have an available dockage of 60 and 380 feet, respectively. They are open to the public without cost. The Farnsworth Coal Co. has a wharf on the Pascagoula River, located just north of the Louis- ville & Nashville Railroad Co.'s trestle and equipped with an elec- trically operated bucket conveyor coal hoist. This terminal has an available dockage of 145 feet and is open without cost to public use. It is connected with the local railroads by a spur line, over which a switching charge is made. In addition to the above terminals, there are a number of others which are owned by individuals, firms, etc., and are used entirely by them in the prosecution of their busi- ness. All private terminals are constructed of timber, and these, together with the municipal wharf, are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 19, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has greatly facilitated navigation and has made possible the use of larger and deeper draft vessels, thereby reducing the cost of water transportation. A reduc- tion in rail-freight rates between this harbor and Atlantic seaports has resulted. Operations and results during fiscal year.----Maintenance dredging was carried on by hired labor and United States plant and resulted in the removal of 431,339 gross cubic yards of mud and sand over a distance of 15,125 feet from the Pascagoula River and Mississippi Sound Channels of which 378,329 cubic yards was credited yardage within the scope of the specifications under which this work was performed. The total cost for the fiscal year was $24,475.75, all charged to maintenance. The total expenditures were $27,858.08. Condition at end of fiscal year.-All work on this improvement consisted of maintenance dredging. The 21-foot Horn Island Pass Channel was completed in the calendar year 1908. Under the exist- ing project, which is 42.4 per cent completed, no new work has been done in Horn Island Pass, but the channel in Pascagoula River has been dredged over a width of 150 feet to a depth of 20 feet and the channel through Mississippi Sound to a depth of 22 feet over a width of 150 feet. The controlling depths ascertained June, 1930, were as follows: Horn Island Pass, 19 feet; Mississippi Sound Channel, 17 feet; Pascagoula River Channel, 17 feet. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists of obtaining such additional depths and widths of channel, not exceeding the maximum di- mensions, as may be secured by the total authorized expenditure. of $283,000. The total cost under the existing project is as follows: For new work, $103,037.87; for maintenance, $555,291.76; a total of $658,329.63. The total expenditures were $661,578.47. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance un- expended July 1, 1930, amounting to $96,770.77, to maintenance work. as follows: :RIVEBS AND nARBORS---MODBInE ALA., DISTRICT 927 Operation of one 20-inch pipe-ine hydratulie dredge about 4 months River Channels, includ- it the MisiLsippi Sound and Paseagol ing care and upkeep of plant, Oflice expensee, surveys, ete------ $80,000.00 Payment of outstanding liabilities Jtilly 1, 1980 ------------------- 98. 94 Continencies.. ..................------------------.. 6, 671.83 Balance available for fiscal year 1982---------------- ---- 10, 000.00 Total__.i-. --------- --------- 96, 770.77 Expenditures during active operations for the 20-inch pipe-line dredge will be at the rate of $20,000 per month. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, in addition to the $10,000 available from the fiscal year 1931, is $63,000, and will be applied to the operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about 8 months in the Mississippi Sound and Pascagoula River Channels, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, surveys, etc. The above amount is larger than the average expenditures for maintenance during the preceding five years, due to the necessity of maintaining greater channel depths than have been maintained dur- ing the preceding five years. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for Pascagoula Harbor during the past five years is given below. Comparative statement General traffic Freight in transit Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1925--------............----------------------------------- 310,372 $2,548,794 2,066 $104, 797 1926...----.. ----..........--------------------------------- 259, 993 1,864, 750 1,517 i 107, 822 1927--------...... -- ------------------------------- 231,388 1,653, 050 ...... 192------------------------------------------- 228,674 1, 526, 372 ....- ..---- 1929....-------------------------------------------152, 363 1, 46, 814 ---------..... No passengers carried. The commerce during 1929 consisted principally of lumber, logs, pulpwood, and fuel oil. The proportion in tonnage of each of these items to the total tonnage is as follows: Lumber, 21.4 per cent; logs, 31.2 per -cent; pulpwood, 27 per cent; fuel oil, 11.2 per cent; marine products, 1.5 per cent. The usual hlimits of loaded drafts of the boats carrying these prin- cipal commodities were from 6 to 17 feet. The decrease in tonnage for 1929, compared with the previous year, was due to a decreased activity in the lumber business. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------___ ------ $1, 007, 479. 48 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 190------------------ 1971, 263.69 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 1,978, 743. 17 ---------- Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ------------------------- 98.94 Net total expenditures_------_------___--___ ______ 1, 978, 044. 23 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--- ------------------------ 9 774. 77 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 -----.--- 2, 075, 415. 00 1 Increased $3,347.78 due to absorption of plant debit. 11714---ENG 1930--59 928 REPi"OFRO GHEF OErNG4INEIERb, U S. 'ARMt', 19 3 0 Fiscal ypar ending Jupe 30 - 192 1927 1921 1929 1980 doat of new work.....i--------------.-.I Cost of malintenance--------------------- - $11, 822. 37 $19, 033.01 $38,753.27 ) $43, 389940t $4,476.76 Total eipendedl---------------------. 11, 822.87 19,033.01 22, 060.94 43,003.24 27,88.08 Allotted---------------- .------------- 8, 250. 00 28, 000.00 33,086. 00 30,000.00 61,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 -. ---------- .---- $73, 628. 85 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 190------------------------------------------ 71, 00.00 Amount to be accounted for---------------- --- -------- 144, 628. 85 Deductions on accounmit of revocation of allotment------ 20, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for 24,628.85 1------------------------ Gross amount expended- --------------------------------- 27, 858. 08 Balance unexpended .TJune 30, 1930---------------------- 96, 770. 77 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 _------------------------- - 98. 94 Balance available June 30, 1930 ------------------.--. 96, 671. 83 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of -- - - - - - - - - - existing project 2- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - 180, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance ---------------------- ---------- 63,000.00 9. GULFPORT HARBOR AND SHIP ISLAND PASS, MISS. Loctiona and descriMtion,.-Gulfport Harbor is located on Missis- sippi Sound in the southeastern part of the State of Mississippi, about 44':and 90 miles by water from Pascagoula Harbor, Miss., and Mobile Harbor, Ala., respectively, on the east and 78 miles from New Orleans (via the inside route through Lake Borgne, the Rigo- lets, Lake Pontchartrain, and industrial canal) on the west. This harbor consists of a dredged basin 1,320 feet wide by 2,640 feet long. Its entrance is through Ship Island bar in the Gulf of Mexico, thence through Ship Island Pass between Cat and Ship Islands, thence through Mississippi Sound to the basin, a total distance of 15 miles. The Ship Island Bar Channel is south of the west end of Ship Island and exposed to Gulf disturbances from southerly directions. The channel through Mississippi Sound is partially protected on the south from severe Gulf disturbances by Cat and Ship Islands and on the north by the mainland, but subject to severe local disturb- ances. The basin is protected on the north by the mainland and partially protected on the east and west by the piers of the Gulf & Ship Island Railroad Co. and on the south by a pile and stone break- water. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1267.) Original condition.--No channel existed between the anchorage at Ship Island and Gulfport, Miss. The minimum usable mean low- water depth across Ship Island bar was 20 feet over a width of about half a mile, and over the site of the inner channel and anchor- age basin the depths ranged from 2.5 to 23 feet, covering several miles in width. Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 9 Previous projects.-The previous projects were authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, pro- vided for securing a channel through Ship Island Pass (H. Doc. No. 120, 55th Cong., 3d sess.); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for joining the improvement of Ship Island Pass and Gulfport Basin and Channel in a common project; the act of February 27, 1911, authorized the transfer of a dredge and its operation in maintaining the Gulfport Channel and Basin and obtaining such additional depth, not exceeding 23 feet, therein, as funds would permit (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 2, 60th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of January 21, 1927, authorized the Chief of Engineers to relocate the channel across Ship Island bar at such point as may be deemed most desir- able in the interest of economy and navigation. (For further details of previous projects see p. 1846 of Annual Report for 1915 and p. 857, Annual Report for 1929.) Prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1930 the cost of the previous projects was $2,448,136.98, of which $269,017.92 was for new work and $2,179,119.06 was for maintenance. The total expend- itures were $2,428,236.53. Eaisting project.-This provides for a channel 27 feet deep and 300 feet wide across Ship Island bar, a channel 26 feet deep and 220 feet wide through Mississippi Sound, and a depth of 26 feet in the anchorage basin at Gulfport. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range here is about 13/4 feet and the extreme tidal range is about 31/2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1927 is $200,000, exclu- sive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1927) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $185,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 692, 69th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map of this locality is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. The Gulf & Ship Island Railroad Co., however, expended about $1,603,594.53 for the formation and maintenance by dredging of the Gulfport Channel and Anchorage Basin and received from the United States the con- tract price of $150,000. The sum of $100,000 has been appropriated by the State of Missis- sippi, the county of Harrison, and the city of Gulfport, of which $50,000 was expended for the construction of a creosoted-pile and stone breakwater to the south of the anchorage basin, $28,061.73 for maintenance and improvement dredging in the Mississippi Sound Channel, and the remainder, amounting to $21,938.27, for dredging outside the limits of the project and adjacent to the an- chorage basin. Terminal facilities.-The municipal wharf, located on the north side of the basin, provides a dockage length of 200 feet and is open to the public without charge. It is connected with the city by an improved' highway. The Gulf & Ship Island Railroad wharf, lo- cated on the west side of the basin, provides a dockage of 850 feet. These two wharves have no facilities for handling freight. The Gulf & Ship Island Railroad pier, located on the east side of the basin, provides an available dockage of 3,800 feet. This terminal has connection with the city streets and is provided with an electric 930 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 coal hoist and a steam crane for handling freight. It and the rail- road wharf, on the west side of basin, are open to the public with- out charge, but a transfer charge is made on carload shipments from connecting lines. There is a fresh-water storage pond, embracing 5.8 acres, located north of the basin and connected thereto by a concrete flume. Timber is stored in this pond for future shipment. During the season when the teredo is not active timber is also stored behind a boom in the north end of the basin, and later rafted to ship side and loaded directly from the water. This permits of storage in advance of arrival of ships and allows simultaneous load- ing from pier and water. Existing terminals are considered ade- quate for present commerce. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 19, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of improvement has been to make water transportation easier and better and has resulted in affording a reduction in rail freight rates between Gulfport and sea- board cities of the Atlantic coast, and in affording water freight rates from points on the Gulf & Ship Island Railroad to foreign ports. Operations and results dwring the fisoal year.--All work consisted of maintenance dredging in Mississippi Sound Channel by hired labor with United States plant. Four million one hundred thousand five hundred and sixty-seven cubic yards of mud and sand were removed over a distance of 74,702 feet, and an average width of 220 feet, 3,642,969 cubic yards of which was credited yardage within the scope of the specifications under which this work was performed. The total cost for maintenance was $102,817.57. The total expendi- tures were $92,614.99. Condition at end of scal year.--All work on this improvement has consisted of dredging. The previous project for Ship Island Pass was completed in the calendar year 1900, and for the Missis- sippi Sound Channel and Anchorage Basin during the calendar year 11924. The controlling depths at mean low water ascertained during June, 1930, were as follows: Ship Island Bar Channel, 24 feet; Mississippi Sound Channel, 22.5 feet; Anchorage Basin, 23 feet. No work has been done on the existing project. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance un- expended July 1, 1930, amounting to $169,984.30, to maintenance work as follows: Operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about 6 months in the Mississippi Sound Channel and Anchorage Basin, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, surveys, etc--------- $120, 000.00 Operation of 1 hopper dredge about 1 month in the Ship Island Pass Channel, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, surveys, etc---------- ------------------- 25, 000. 00 Payment of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1930------------------- 19, 900. 45 Contingencies ------------------------------------------- , 088. 85 Total--------- ------------------------------------ 169, 984. 30 It is estimated that the above funds will be exhausted June 30, .1931, expenditures during active operations for the pipe-line and hopper dredges being at the rate of $20,000 and $25,000 per month, respectively. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 931 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($135,000), will be applied to maintenance work, as follows: Operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about 61/ months in the Mississippi Sound Channel and Anchorage Basin, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, surveys, etc---_ ---- $130, 000 Contingencies ------------------ ------------------------ 5,000 Total------------------ ---------------- --------- 135, 000 The above amount is slightly larger than the average expenditures for maintenance during the preceding five years, due to the fact that the channels will have to be maintained to project dimensions to meet the needs of commerce and navigation. No new work under the project, adopted by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, is contemplated due to the fact that the relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistic.--The total commerce for Gulfport Harbor during the past five years is given below. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925....--------------------- 603, 722 $13, 493,733 1928--.......----..-----------..........--- 668, 568 $14, 530, 731 1926 --------------------- 463, 516 9,657, 196 1929------__ _-------------- 479, 603 12, 156, 084 1927--------------------- 619,971 12,668,433 No freight in transit or ferry traffic, and no passengers. The commerce during 1929 consisted principally of lumber and timber, fertilizer, and creosote oil, and the proportion in tonnage of these items to the total tonnage is as follows: Forest products, 76.8 per cent; fertilizer materials, 10.9 per cent; creosote oil, 2.2 per cent, and cottonseed cake, 2.6 per cent. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the vessels carrying these principal articles of commerce were from 5 to 23 feet. The entire commerce of Gulfport Harbor was carried over the improved sections. There has been no recent change in the nature of the commerce due to the improvement. No lines of transportation were established and none abandoned during the year. The decrease in commerce of Gulfport Harbor during 1929, as com- pared- with the previous year, was due chiefly to the decreased activity in the lumber trades. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----- --------------------- $269, 017. 92 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 19301 ---------------------- 2, 179, 119. 06 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------- 2,448, 136. 98 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------- 19, 900. 45 Net total expenditures - ___- ------------- 2, 428,236.53 Unexpended balance June 80, 1930------- ------------------- 169, 984.30 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-- ---------- 2,598, 220.83 2Increased $9,381.54 due to absorption of plant debit. 932 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------------- ----------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance----------------------- 138, 092. 38 $91, 146. 47 $220, 458. 00 $93, 398.38 $102, 817. 57 Total expended-----.------------------ 138,092. 38 91, 146. 17 192, 182. 71 102, 878.43 92, 614.99 Allotted--------................................-------------------- 61,000.00 120,000.00 100,371.60 80,000.00 150,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------ $112, 599. 29 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-------------------------------- -------- 150, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for--------------------------- 262, 599. 29 Gross amount expended----------------_-- 92, 614.99 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ----------------- 169, 984. 30 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-___--__ ___------------- 19, 900. 45 . - Balance available June 30, 1930--.. -- -- ,- -._,.-.._:l -- 150, 083.85 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion 2- of existing project ________________________________ __ 200, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending- - June - - -- - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- 30, 1932, for maintenance 2 _ 135, 000. 00 10. PASCAGOULA RIVER, MISS. Location and description.-The Pascagoula River is formed by the confluence of the Leaf and Chickasahay Rivers near Merrill, in the southeastern part of Mississippi, and empties into Mississippi Sound at Pascagoula. The flow is southerly. The section of the Pasca- goula under improvement is 82.1 miles long from its source to the mouth of Dog River, 6.8 miles above the mouth of the Pascagoula River on Mississippi ,Sound. The total drainage area, including its tributaries, is 8,750 square miles; mean low-water discharge at Mer- rill, 1,960 second-feet, and for a stage of 10 feet above mean low water, 16,634 second-feet; fall per mile for characteristic sections, 0.58 foot and average width between banks at low water, 305 feet. A low-water stage exists from July to November, inclusive. During the remainder of the year a greatly fluctuating high-water stage exists, with rapid current. At low water the current is sluggish. The river is tidal for 39 miles above the mouth. (See U. S. Geologi- cal Survey map of Mississippi.) Original condition.-The section of the Pascagoula River under improvement was navigable only during high water, the minimum width and depth of channel at mean low water being 60 feet and 1 foot, respectively. Previous projects.-The original project for the Pascagoula River was adopted June 14, 1880, and also included improvement of the bar at the mouth, described in the report on Pascagoula Harbor. Prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1886 the cost was $15,000, all charged to new work. The total expenditures were $15,000. (For further details of previous projects see p. 1845 of Annual Report for 1915.) 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 933 Existing project.-This provides only for the maintenance of the channel above the mouth of the Dog or: Escatawpa River, a distance of 82.1 miles, by the removal of obstructions from time to time. The mean and extreme tidal variations at the mouth are about 11/2 and 4 feet, respectively. The ordinary and extreme fluctuations at Merrill, due to floods, are 19.4 and 26.2 feet, respectively. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor acts of August 5, 1886, and included dredging at the mouth of the river. The act of March 3, 1899, limited the improvement to the section above the mouth of Dog River, and appropriations since have been made accordingly. This project is based on an examination, for report of which see Annual Report for 1879, page 835. For the latest published map see House Document No. 1723, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has reduced difficulties to navigation and facilitated the transportation of timber products. Freight rates by rail and by water have not been affected, as there is no competition with railroads and no established transportation lines using the waterway. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Snagging operations under this project were carried on by the U. S. derrick boat J. M. Pratt and hired labor. Cost during the fiscal year, amounting to $4,766.09, all charged to maintenance, resulted in the removal of 367 snags from the channel. The total expenditures were $4,766.09. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The controlling depth at mean low water is 7 feet from the mouth of Dog River to Dead Lake, 32 miles, adn 3 eet in the remaining 50 miles of the project section above Dead Lake. The total cost under the existing project to June 30, 1930, all for maintenance, is $104,853.42. The total expenditures were $104,853.42. Proposed.operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1930, amounting to $2,430.38, to maintenance work, by the operation of one snag boat about one month as required by the needs of traffic. It is estimated that the above funds will be exhausted June 30, 1931, expenditures during active operations being at the rate of approximately $2,500 per month. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($2,500), will be applied to the operation of one snag boat about one month. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for this section of river for the past five years is given below. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925--------------------- 150, 793 $582,035 --------------. 1928. . 129, 229 $580, 983 1926- -. 142, 393 373, 733 1929-----.--------- 62, 841 273, 008 1927- - 112, 454 524, 719 No passengers carried. 934 REPORT :OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY, 1930 During the calendar year 1929, 91.6 per cent of the commerce on this portion of the river consisted of rafted logs, and 8.1 per cent consisted of pulpwood, which was barged. The usual limits of loaded draft of boats carrying logs and pulpwood were from 2 to 6 feet. The decrease in commerce during 1929, as compared with the year 1928, is attributed to the decreased activity of the lumber and paper mills in this locality caused by the approaching scarcity of lumber and pulpwood. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year 1929. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------------- -------------- $15, 000. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------- -- - 104, 853.42 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 119, 853. 42 Net total expenditures-----------------------------------119, 853. 42 Unexpended balance June 30, 1980---------------------------- 2, 430. 38 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------- 122, 283. 80 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work Cost of maintenance . ..-- . ------------------------------ $82 50 $30.47 $60.00 I. _____________________ $4,766.09 Total expended..........---------------------------- 50 82. 30. 47 60. 00 4, 766.09 .llotted---------------................... , 000 . .... ..... ----- .. . ..----- - Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----------------------------- 7, 196. 47 Gross amount expended-------------------------------------- 4,766.09 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 2, 430. 38 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - _ - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - 2,500. 00 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 11. BILOXI HARBOR, MISS. Location and desc iptio.--This harbor is located on the Missis- sippi Sound in the southeastern part of the State of Mississippi. It is 32 miles by water from Pascagoula Harbor, Miss., on the east, and 14 miles from Gulfport Harbor, Miss., on the west. The im- provement consists of a dredged channel in the sound, 11/4 miles long, which provides an entrance to the harbor along the south water front of the city of Biloxi. This channel is protected on the north and east by the mainland and Deer Island, respectively, but exposed on the south and west to local disturbances in the Mississippi Sound. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1267.) Original condition.--There was a minimum usable depth of 4 feet at mean low water over a width of about one-quarter of a mile. 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS---MOBILE, ALA. DISTRICT 935 Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, but no funds were expended there- under. Work under the project adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884, was begun September 12, 1887. Prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1930, the cost of the previous project was $123,620.72, of which $44,382.27 was for new work and $79,238.45 was for maintenance. The total expenditures were $123,- 571.25. (For further details of previous projects see p. 1846 of Annual Report for 1915, and p. 863 Annual Report for 1929.) EXisting project.--This provides for a channel west of Deer Island 10 feet deep and 150 feet wide from the 10-foot contour in Mississippi Sound to the south water front of the city of Biloxi, and thence north of Deer Island to deep water in Back Bay to Biloxi. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 13/4 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1927 is $82,000, exclu- sive of amounts expended on previous projects but including $30,000 to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1927) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $18,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930. (H. Doc. No. 754, 69th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map of this locality may be found in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act adopting the project provides that local interests shall construct a public terminal adequate for coast- wise traffic, under plans to be approved by the Chief of Engineers, and contribute $30,000 toward the first cost of the improvement. Terminal facilities.-There are no publicly owned terminals at this harbor and none are required, as the commerce consists almost en- tirely of fish, oysters, and shrimp obtained in local waters and han- dled over a number of light timber wharves owned by private parties but available to the public without charge. These are considered adequate for the present commerce. Space is available, however, to meet any future demand that may arise. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Apparently there has been little effect on freight rates. Commerce has, however, been directly benefited as navigation has been made easier and better and larger boats can enter the harbor. Operations and resuts duing fiscal year.-No work was done. Cost, amounting to $88.24, charged to maintenance was for office expenses, etc. The total expenditures were $38.77. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The project adopted July 5, 1884, was completed in 1893 at a saving of $10,618 under the estimated cost. All work on this improvement has consisted of dredging and the costs since its completion have been charged to maintenance. The controlling depth at mean low water, ascertained June, 1930, was 6.5 feet. No work has been done on the existing project. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1930, amounting to $10,061.02, to maintenance work as follows: 936 REPORT OF .CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about one-half month in the Biloxi Channel, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, surveys, etc---------------------.--- --- $10, 011. 55 Payment of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1930, _,,. . 49. 47 Total -------------------------------------------- .10,.061. 02 It is estimated that the above funds will be exhausted June 30, 1931, expenditures during active operations for the pipe-line dredge being at the rate of $20,000 per month. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year -ending June 30, 1932 ($34,000), will be applied to improvement work, as follows: Operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about 11/2 months in the Biloxi Channel, including care and upkeep of plant, office ex- penses, surveys, etc 000 $----------------------- .....------- Contingencies---- ---- ------------------------- 4, 000 Total --- - -------------------------------------------- 4, 000 Commercial statistics.--The total commerce for Biloxi Harbor during the past five years is given below. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925---....--_.1._. . 142, 612 $2, 193,427 1928--.---. --.-. -----. 122, 441 $2, 375, 126 1926..-------...........-------- 161,592 2,660,500 1929_----.-. -- -------------------- 178, 927 ;7 0 2, 854,200 1927.....--..----.......--------------........ 177, 875 3, 885, 517 No'pssengers carried. The commerce during 1929 consisted principally of seta foods, pulp- wood, sand and gravel cement, and ice, The proportion in tonnage *of each of these items to the total tonnage is as follows: Marine products, 84.1 per cent; pulpwood, 1.1 per cent; sand and gravel, 5.5 per cent; cement, 1.4 per cent, and ice, 5.2 per cent. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the boats carrying these principal items of commerce were from 2 to 8 feet. Ptract&ially the entire amount of commerce of Biloxi Harbor was carried over the improved sec- tions, although there was before the improvement a sufficient depth to have handled a portion of it. There has been no recent change in the nature of the commerce due to the improvement. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the past year. The increase in commerce during 1929, as compared with 1928, is attributed to the increased activity in the sea-food packing industry in this locality, and to the construction of a bridge across the Bay of Biloxi. Gost andu ftnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $44, 382. 27 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 79, 23845 Total cost of pernmanent work to June 30, 1930_----------- 123, 620. 72 'Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------------- 49. 47 Net total expenditures---------------------------- 123, 571. 25 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 --------------------------- 10, 061.02 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-----------.......---- 133, 632.27 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBLE, AA. DISTRICT 937 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofrnew work---------------------- ------------------------- $12333 $6, .40 $8824 cost of maintenance------------$424.'05 $4, 151. 83 $123. 31 $6, 164. 40 $88, 24 Total expended-.........--_.._ _..- 424. 05 4,151. 83 123.33 6, 164.40 38. 77 Allotted-----.------------------------------------------------- 6,000.00 ..------------- 9,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__ $1, 099. 79 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ---------------------- -------------------- 9, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-------__-------_______- 10, 099. 79 Gross amount expended___--------------------- 38. 77 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-- 1-------------- _10, 061.02 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-_------- ---------------- 49. 47 Balance available June 30, 1930__-----------10, 011.55 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 2_________________________ 52, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for new work 1__________--_ ___--_____-__ -- 34, 000. 00 12. WOLF AND JORDAN RIVERS, MISS. Location and description.-This improvement, located in the south- eastern part of the State of Mississippi, consists of dredged channels 1.6 and 2 miles long, respectively, at the mouths of Wolf and Jordan Rivers, tributaries of St. Louis Bay. It is 24 miles by water from Gulfport, Miss., on the east and 54 miles from New Orleans, La. (via the inside route through Lake Borgne, Lake Pontchartrain, and the Industrial Canal), on the west. Both channels are protected. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1268.) Original condition.-There was a minimum usable depth at mean low water across the bar at the mouth of Wolf River of 3 feet over a width of about 500 feet, and across the bar at the mouth of Jordan River the minimum usable depth at mean low water was 4 feet over a width of about 400 feet. Previous project.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging at the mouths of these streams, channels 7 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide, extending from the 6-foot contour in Bay St. Louis to the 7-foot contour in each stream. The length of the dredged channel at the mouth of Wolf River is about 1.6 miles and at the mouth of Jordan River about 2 miles. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range here is about 13/4 feet, and the extreme tidal range is about 31/2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1906, was $30,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 917, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifcations of project.-None. 1Exclusive of available funds. : Exclusive of $30,000 to be contributed by local interests. 938 REPORFT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Local cooperartion.--one. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities and none are required, as this project is for dredging channels through bars at the mouths of Wolf and Jordan Rivers, Miss. The commerce pass- ing through these channels is small and consists principally of forest products obtained along the above-mentioned streams and which are handled directly from the shore to boats. This method is satisfac- tory for the amount and character of commerce. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Rail freight rates have not been affected, as there is no competition between rail and water transportation. Commerce has, however, been directly benefited, as navigation has been made easier and better and larger boats can now cross the bars at the mouths of these streams. Operations and results during flacal year.-No work was done under this project. There were no costs and no expenditures for the fiscal year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1908 at a saving of $805 under the estimated cost. All work on this improvement consisted of dredging, and expenditures since its completion have been applied to maintenance. The con- trolling depths at mean low water in these channels, ascertained during June, 1929, are as follows: Wolf River, 7 feet; Jordan River, 6 feet. The total cost under the existing project to June 30, 1929, was as follows: For new work, $29,195.19; for maintenance, $31,- 780.61; a total of $60,975.80. The total expenditures were $60,975.80. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance un- expended July 1, 1930, amounting to $978.75, to maintenance, as follows : Examinations of channels and office expenses during the fiscal year 1931--------------------------------- --------- $500.00 Balance available for fiscal year 1932-- ------------------------- 478. 75 Total ---------------------------------------------- 978. 75 No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as the above balance is believed to be sufficient for any necessary work during that year. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for Wolf and Jordan Rivers during the past five years is given below: Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925-------------------- ...... 105, 122 $2, 132, 755 1928 ....--------------------- 11, 901 $23, 923 192........--------------------- 45, 636 805, 464 1929.--------------------- 7,087 12, 778 1927 --------------------- 13,772 215,236 No passengers carried. The commerce during 1929 consisted entirely of pulpwood. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the boats carrying this commerce were from 4 to 6 feet. The entire amount of commerce was carried over the improved sections of these waterways, although there existed before improve- RIVERS AND HARBORS----MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 939 ment a sufficient depth to have handled a portion of it. There has been no recent change in the nature of the commerce due to the imn- provement, and no lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year. The decrease in commerce on these waterways for 1929, as com- pared with the previous year, is attributed to the approaching scar- city of pulpwood in this locality. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------- $29, 195. 19 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------------- 31, 780. 61 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------60, 975. 80 Net total expenditures----- ------------------- ------------- 60, 975. 80 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------- 978. 75 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 61, 954. 55 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-.....--------------- ------------------------------------ ------------ Cost of maintenance-.... .--------------- $91.99 $63. 98 $71. 00 $4, 150. 25 ..........-. Total expended ---.....................-----------------... 91.99 63. 98 30. 31 4, 190. 94 ........... Allotted--------------------------------- ------ 200.00 ------------ 7, 500.00 -$2, 500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------------__ $3, 478. 75 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment __----------- 2, 500. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930.------------------ ------ 978. 75 13. EAST PEARL RIVER, MISS. Location and description.-This improvement, which consists of a dredged channel 1.3 miles long, is located in Lake Borgne at the mouth of East Pearl River, which forms the boundary line between the States of Louisiana. and Mississippi. It is 35 miles by water from Gulfport Harbor, Miss., on the east and 43 miles from New Orleans, La. (via the inside route through Lake Borgne, the Rigo- lets, Lake Pontchartrain, and the industrial canal), on the west. The channel is protected on the north and west by the mainland, on the east by islands, but exposed on the south to local disturbances in Lake Borgne. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1268.) Originalcondition.-There was a minimum usable depth of about 7 feet at mean low water over a width of about 1,000 feet. Previous projects.--The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884. No work was done, and it was modi- fied by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. Prior to com- mencement of work on December 15, 1910, under the existing project adopted June 25, 1910, the cost was $28,199.80, all charged to new work. The total expenditures were $28,199.80. For further details of previous project see page 1846 of Annual Report for 1915. Etisting project.-This provides for restoring at the mouth of East Pearl River the former project depth of 9 feet at mean low 940 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 water over a width of 200 feet, thereby connecting the 9-foot contour in Lake Borgne with the same contour in East Pearl River, a distance of about 1.3 miles. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range here is about 13/4 feet, and the extreme tidal range is about 31/2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1907 was $34,000, exclu- sive of amount expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 328, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map of this locality may be found in House Document No. 206, Fifty-fourth Congress, second session. Recomnmended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities, and none are required, as this project provides for restoring a depth of 9 feet at the mouth of East Pearl River, Miss. The commerce passing through this channel is small and consists principally of lumber and timber obtained along this stream and the east shore of Lake Pont- chartrain, La., and barges of the Mississippi-Warrior Service and of the Lone Star Cement Co. operating between Mobile and New Orleans when it is impracticable or impossible to navigate the east end of the Rigolets. Freight is handled directly from the shore to boats, and this method is thought to be satisfactory for the amount and character of commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Rail freight rates have not been affected, as there is no competition between rail and water transportation. Commerce has, however, been directly benefited, as navigation has been made easier, and larger boats can now cross the bars at the mouth of this stream. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging was carried on by United States plant and hired labor, and resulted in the removal of 372,710 cubic yards of mud and sand over a dis- tance of 7,183 feet. The total cost for the fiscal year was $10,034.09, all charged to maintenance. The total expenditures were $10,034.09. Condition at the end of the fiscal year.-The existing project was completed in 1911 at a saving of $24,072 under the estimated cost. All work on this improvement has consisted of dredging, and cost since its completion has been applied to maintenance. The control- ling depth ascertained during February, 1930, was 9 feet at mean low water. The total cost under the existing project to June 30, 1930, is as follows: For new work,'$8,928.13; for maintenance, $32,885.74; a total of $41,813.87. The total expenditures were $41,813.87. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1930, amounting to $1,161.23, for maintenance, as follows: Examination of channel, office expenses, etc., during fiscal year 1931_ $561. 23 Examination of channel, office expenses, etc., during fiscal year 1932_ 600. 00 Total ---------- - ------ --------------------- 1, 161.23 No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as the amount shown above for that year is believed to be sufficient for all necessary work during that year. RIVERS AND HARBORS---MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 94 i Commercial s8tatis8tic.--The total commerce for East Pearl River during the past five years is given below. Comparftive statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925,_--------------4--4,079 $800,792 1928---------------------64,067 $572, 728 1926 .- 30,786 580,3 40 1929--------------------- 69,419 7464,583 1927....-----------,,-------- 32, 264 904, 59 No passengers carried. The commerce during 1929 consisted principally of lumber, lime- stone and shale, and sand and gravel. The proportion in tonnage of each of these items to the total tonnage is as follows : Lumber, 14.7 per cent; limestone and shale, 68.8 per cent; sand and gravel, 14.4 per cent. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the boats carrying these prin- cipal articles of commerce were from 6 to 8 feet. The entire amount of commerce of East; Pearl River was carried over the improved section, although there was before improvement a sufficient depth to have handled a portion of it. There has been no recent change in the nature of the commerce due to the improvement, and no lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the past year. The increase in commerce during 1929, as compared with the pre- vious year, is attributed to an increase in the activities of the sand and gravel industry on the river and the passage of lime rock en route to the cement mills in New Orleans, La. Cost and financial summary Cost of new Work to June 30, 1930------------------------------_ $37, 127. 93 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--- --------------------- 32, 885, 74 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 70, 013.67 Net total expenditures---------------- _--------------------- 70, 013. 67 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------- --------- 1, 161.'23 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------- ------ 71, 174. 90 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-.., _o-I-. -- o - 9-9-- .. i . ....... Cost of maintenance_-----------------$I $25. 60 $23.40 $99.59 $181.69 $10,034. 09 Total expended-__-........................ 25. 60 23. 40 58.90 222. 38 10,034. 09 Allotted . . .............. ...... 0........... - ............ -------- Allotted-------------------------------500.00----------------- 000. 00 11, 11,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__--------- -------------- $195. 32 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929--------------------------$10,000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 -------------------- 1, 000. 00 11,000.00 Amount to be accounted for______-----------------__ 11, 195. 32 Gross amount expended----------------------------------- 10, 034.09 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930___- __ --- 1, 161. 23 942 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY, 1930 14. REMOVING THE WATER A4~THlJNII, MOBILE RIVER, ALA., TRIBUTARI ]A Location and decription.-The water hyacinth is a floating aquatic plant which infests numerous fresh-water streams tributary to the South Atlantic and Gulf coasts. It propagates from the seeds and suckers, spreads quickly in most localities, and may cause entire sus- pension of navigation if not removed. This plant thrives during the spring and fall of the year, when sediment is carried into the streams by rains. It is killed by salt water, and the tops are killed and growth retarded by winter frosts. In recent years the plant has become very obstructive to navigation in Three Mile Creek, Ala., a short tributary of Mobile River, which empties into the latter 4 miles above its mouth. In Chickasaw Creek and Bayou Sara, also short tributaries flowing into Mobile River, 4 and 8% miles, respec- tively, above Mobile, Ala., and in Dog River, Ala., which empties into Mobile Bay from the west about 8 miles from its north end, the hyacinths exist in limited quantities sufficient to warrant removal. Original condition.--The most reliable information indicates that the hyacinths first appeared in this locality about the year 1903. Its spread has not been so rapid as in some other localities due, it is thought, to the fact that during the dry season the waters of these tidal streams are sufficiently salty to retard their growth. Previots proects.--None. Existing project.--This provides for the extermination or removal of plants from the navigable waters of the States of Florida, Ala- bama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, so far as they are or may become an obstruction to navigation, by any mechanical, chemical, or other means whatsoever; for the construction and operation of boats equipped with suitable machinery for such removal; and for the construction and operation of log booms to prevent the drifting of plants from one stream to another. The estimated cost adopted in 1899 was $25,000 each for two boats, $10,000 for operation in each district, and $1,000 for the establishment of booms. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, made appropriations for the States of Florida and Louisiana and provided for the extermination or removal of plants, the building of boats, and the establishment of booms (HI. Doc. No. 91, 55th Cong., 3d sess.); the act of June 13, 1902, authorized the use of any mechanical, chemical, or other means whatsoever; the act of March 3, 1905, made the appropriation .avail- able for the State of Texas; the acts of March 3, 1905, and March 2, 1907, in making appropriations for Florida, provided that no chemi- cal process injurious to cattle which may feed upon the water hya- cinth shall be used; the act of July 25, 1912, made the appropria- tion available for the State of Mississippi, and also made available for use in that State the operating plant pertaining to the work in Louisiana; and the act of July 27, 1916, made the appropriation available for the State of Alabama. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal fciliies.--None required. Effect of improvement.-No change in rail or water freight rates has resulted from this improvement. The commerce has been di- RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 943. rectly benefited, as navigation has been made easier and better. No increase in commerce has resulted from the improvement. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done on this project. There were no costs for the fiscal year. The total expenditures were $284.06. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is for maintenance. All work under this improvement consisted of spraying hyacinths. on streams of such commercial importance as to justify improve- ment, and, as a result, unobstructed navigation has been maintained. The total cost under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year amounted to $23,447.75, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $23,812.29. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1930, amounting to $5,737.71, to the spraying of hyacinths in One Mile Creek, Three Mile Creek, Chickasaw Creek and tributaries, Bayou Sara and Dog River, Ala., as follows: Operation of one launch and barge equipped with spraying outfit about four and a half months, including care and upkeep of plant, examinations, and office expenses---------------------------- $5, 625. 00 Payment of outstanding liabilities, July 1, 1930 74. 50 Contingencies-------------- ----------------- 38. 21 Total----- ----------------------------------------- 5, 737. 71 It is estimated that the above funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931, expenditures during active operations being at the rate of $1,250 per month. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($4,000), will be applied to the operation of one launch and barge equipped with spraying outfit about three and a half months, including care and upkeep of plant, examinations, and office expenses. Comonercial statistics.--The commerce for the tributaries of Mobile River during the past 5 years is given below: Comparative statement General traffic Floated logs 1 Tributary Year i Tons Value Tons Value I---- Bayou Sara_............................ . .... 1925 (2) (2) 1926 (2) (2) 1927 1928 (2) 1929 (2) Three Mile Creek_........................... 1925 13, 714 $265, 037 157, 850 $694, 700 1926 30,108 183, 604 80,652 354, 835 1927 80,484 550 773,66 40, 564 222, 341 1928 198, 207 2, 106, 454 103, 827 519, 135 1929 394, 631 2, 820, 399 119, 000 595, 000 Chickasaw Creek-.....................-.-...- 1925 6,165 137, 864 64, 668 270, 486 1926 98, 930 1, 483, 433 110, 701 466, 055 1927 443, 166 4,999, 3335 32, 852 164,260 1928 272, 215 8,311,73 67, 522 288, 521 1929 672, 266 18, 820, 170 160, 632 803, 160 D og R iver---- ------- ----------- ------- 1925 36, 628 193,140 1926 33, 478 167, 391 1927 19, 239 79, 956 ----------------------------- 1928 (2) (2) (2) 6(2) 1929 2, 750 14, 700 1, 000 5,000 1 Floated logs not included in general traffic. 2No commerce on this waterway during this year. No passengers carried. 11714-E-NG 1930----60 944j REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S.* ARMY, 1930 The commerce during 1929 consisted principally as follows: Three Mile Creek.-Forest products, 36.8 per cent; coal and coke, 28.4 per cent; sand and gravel, 12.9 per cent; iron ore, 21.3 per cent. Chickasa Creek.-Forest products, 28.1 per cent; fuel oil, 7.7 per cent; sulphur, 3.0 per cent; iron ore, 13.0 per cent; manufactured steel, etc., 47.8 per cent. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the boats carrying these prin- cipal articles of commerce were from 6 to 16 feet. During the past year there has been a change in the commerce in Three Mile Creek due to the receipt and shipment of bulk com- modities in place of the preponderance of forest products as here- tofore. In Chickasaw Creek the importance of forest products is giving way to the receipt and shipment of fuel oil, sulphur, iron ore, and manufactures of steel and iron utilized by the Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Co. The increase in commerce during 1929 for Three Mile and Chicka- saw Creeks as compared with the previous year is attributed to the increased movement of coal, iron ore, sulphur, manufactures of steel and iron, and fuel oil needed by the Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Co. for its plants in Birmingham, Ala. The removal of water hyacinths under the existing project was the first work undertaken by the United States on these streams. There has. been no change in the nature of the commerce due to the improvement. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930________ ______________ __ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----- - ------------ - $23, 447. 75 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930_----------- - 439. 04 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 _-----__ -_ ------__ - - 23, 886. 79 Minus accounts payable June 30, 19307--------------------- 74. 50 Net total expenditures.-----------. --------------- 23, 812. 29 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 __----------------------------- 5, 737. 71 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------- 29, 550. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-..... . . .- . .. - --. - -.. .. . . - -.. -.. . .-. Cost of maintenance.__..--- ---------. $3, 575. 29 $70.02 $2, 067. 29 $1, 745. 84 ............ Total expended_-----......-.-.--.---- - 3, 575. 29 70. 02 2, 038. 55 1, 775. 29 $284. 06 Allotted-----------------------------5,000.00 ............ ........... ............ Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-__ __ - ___ _____--____ $6, 021. 77 Gross amount expended------------ ---------------------- 284. 06 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930__ -- ___----__ _ 5, 737. 71 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--_------_---_--- -- ___--__ 74. 50 Balance available June 30, 1930 ----------------- ___ 5, 663.21 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 for maintenance 1 --- _-_-_-_-----____ 4, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 945) 15. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in House Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928) ; collection of commercial statistics, miscellaneous surveys, in- spections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in con- nection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $9,755.81; the expenditures were $9,965.87. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $8,000 can be profitably ex- pended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $16, 588.90 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 543. 38 Net total expenditures----------------------------------- 16, 045. 52 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------------ 11, 454. 48 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------------- 27, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work---- ----------------------------------------------------------- Cost 'of maintenance------- .-------------------------------------- $6,833.09 81 $9, 755. Totalexpended.........--------------------------------------------------6, 079.65 9, 965.87 Allotted--------- -------------------------- ---------------------- $500.00 18, 000. 00 9, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ---- 420.35 $------------------- Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------------- 9, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for--------- ---------------- 21,420. 35 Gross amounts expended-------------------- --- 9, 965. 87 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---- ----------- -11, 454. 48 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-------------------____- __ 543. 38 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------_______ 0, 911. 10 expended in fiscal year ending June Amount that can be profitably 30. 1932, for maintenance 1 - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - 8, 000. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JANUARY 21, 1927, AND JULY 3, 1930 The local engineer was charged with the duty of making prelim- inary examinations and surveys, provided for by the river and harbor acts approved January 21, 1927, and July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: Exclusive of available funds. 946 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 1. Three Mile Creek from Mobile River to the Industrial Canal, Ala. 2. Gulfport Harbor, Miss. 3. Pearl River, Miss., below Jackson. 4. Back Bay of BiloYi, Miss. 6. Tombigbee River, Miss. 6. Waterway from the headwaters of Bay John, Ala., to the Gulf of Mexico. 7. Three Mile Creek, Ala. 8. Mobile River, Ala. 9. Bayou Coden, Ala. 10. Chackasaaw Creek, Mobile County, Ala. 11. Bayou Labatre, Ala. REPOR MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated December 14, 1929, a review of reports on Mobile Harbor, Ala., submitted in response to the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1930, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee March 7, 1930, and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 26, Seventy-first Con- gress, second session. Recommendation was made for modification of the existing project at an estimated cost of $478,000, with $360,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. IMPROVEMENTS OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE FIRST NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT The district embraces the southern part of Louisiana, from Pearl River on the east to Sabine River on the west, and south of Red River, including the Passes of the Mississippi River and that portion of the river between New Orleans and Baton Rouge, La., in so far as the removal of shoals obstructive to navigation is concerned. District engineer: Maj. Raymond F. Fowler, Corps of Engineers, since July 20, 1928. Division engineer: Lieut. Col. Mark Brooke, Corps of Engineers, since August 11, 1928. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Southwest Pass, Mississippi 8. Pass Manchac, La -- __--- 970 River, La_ _----------- 947 9. Tickfaw, Natalbany, Poncha- 2. South Pass Channel, Missis- toula, and Blood Rivers, sippi River, La. (mainte- La --------------------- ___ 970 nance) ------------------ 954 10. Amite River and Bayou 3. Examinations and surveys Manchac, La______- __- 971 at South Pass, Mississippi 11. Barataria Bay, La--- __---973 River, La _________------ 958 12. Bayou Lafourche, La------- 976 4. Mississippi River between 13. Little Caillou Bayou, La___ 977 Baton Rouge and New Or- 14. Bayou Terrebonne, La---- 979 leans, La_ __--- 960 15. Big Pigeon and Little Pigeon • Bayous, La-------------- 981 5. Lake Pontchartrain, La_ -_ 962 16. Bayou Grossetete, La-...... 983 6. Chefuncte River and Bogue 17. Bayou Teche, La-- ------- 985 Falia, La--- .... .. _ 964 18. Operating and care of Pla- 7. Bayou Bonfouca, La------- 967 quemine Lock, La- _..... 989 RIVERS AND HARBOR----NEW ORLEANS, LA.1 DISTRICT 947 Page Page 19. Operating and care of Key- 23. Operating and care of Han- stone Lock, Bayou Teche, son Canal, La---------- 1005 La -------------------- 991 24. Oper a t ing and care of 20. Atchafalaya River, Morgan Schooner Bayou Lock, La_ 1007 City to the Gulf of Mex- 25. Bayou Vermillion, La_____- 1009 ico, La----_ ___----------- 992 26. Mermentau River, Bayou 21. The Louisiana and Texas In- Nezpique, and Bayou Des tracoastal Waterway from Cannes, La___--------_ 1011 the Mississippi River at or 27. Bayou Queue de Tortue, La_ 1015 near New Orleans, La., to 28. Bayou Plaquemine Brule, La_ 1015 Corpus Christi, Tex. (New 29. Calcasieu River and Pass, Orleans-Sabine River sec- La _-------------------- 1017 tion) ------------------- 994 30. Removing the water hya- 22. Operating and care of Har- --------- cinth, Louisiana 1018 vey Canals and Lock___-- 1002 31. Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general)___ 1021 PASSES OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER Prior to 1917 South and Southwest Passes were improved and maintained under separate appropriations. The river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, and subsequent acts have appropriated funds in such manner as to make them available for either Pass. J. SOUTHWEST PASS, MISSISSIPPI RIVER, LA. Location and description.-Southwest Pass is the westernmost of the mouths of the Mississippi River. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1272.) Its length from Head of Passes to the Gulf of Mexico is 19.8 miles. It flows in a generally southwest direction. Distance of outer end of Pass from New Orleans, La., is 114.3 statute miles; from Mobile, Ala., on the east, 160 statute miles; from Galveston, Tex., on the west, 330 statute miles. In the upper 11.5 miles (unimproved portion), the maximum width is 2,400 feet; minimum, 1,190 feet; average, 1,600 feet. In the lower 8.3 miles (improved portion) the width between contraction works is 1,750 feet. It is a tidal stream, but for about eight months of the year is influenced by river floods. The maximum discharge and slope are about 400,000 second-feet and 0.20 foot per mile, respectively. At extreme low-river stages a rising tide may temporarily produce an upstream current and a slight negative slope in the lower portion of the Pass. Original condition.-The Pass was obstructed by a bar at its mouth across which the channel had a depth of only 9 feet and a width of about 200 feet, while the remainder of the Pass had depths ranging from 26 to 83 feet at mean low water. The length before prolonga- tion by the jetties was 15 miles. Variation in water surface, due to river floods, was about 4 feet at the head, reducing to zero at the mouth. Previous projects.-The first improvement of Southwest Pass was undertaken under authority of the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836. Subsequent appropriations were made by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1837; the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852; the act of July 8, 1856; the river and harbor act of March 2, 1867; and the act of March 3, 1873. The cost and expenditures prior to the adoption of the existing project June 13, 1902, were $924,98 8 .53. For scope of improvements contemplated by above acts see page 1847, Annual Report for 1915. 948 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Existing project.-This provides for a channel through Southwest Pass 1,000 feet wide and 35 feet deep. The general plan of improve- ment approved in April, 1923, provides for contracting the lower 8.3 miles of the pass to a width of 1,750 feet by means of jetties, spur dikes, and inner bulkheads; for dredging the channel between the bulkheads and depositing the dredged material between the bulk- heads and jetties; for dredging a channel through the outer bar inclining to the left of the jetty axis; for the construction of small revetted openings through the narrow portions of the banks of the Pass for purpose of strengthening these banks; for closure of minor outlets not required for maintenance of the banks; for the construc- tion of sills to prevent the enlargement of The Jump and Cubits Gap; for dredging in the river at Head of Passes as far up as Cubits Gap, a distance of 3.5 miles; for the construction of a sill across the head of South Pass to limit the flow through that Pass; for repairs to sill across Pass a l'Outre and bank revetment at Head of Passes; for construction of dikes with a view to reducing the width of the river above Head of Passes; for the construction of a submerged deflecting dike above the Head of Passes; and for other minor work. The plane of reference is mean low water. Average variation due to tides at the mouth is 16 inches, at the head 10 inches, affected by wind or other causes, and extreme tide is 28 inches. The east jetty is approximately 4.8 miles in length and the west jetty 3.8 miles. The jetties are composed of a substructure of brush mattresses, origi- nally built to about the elevation of mean low water, surmounted with a superstructure of concrete and large riprap. Spur dikes are composed of a cribwork of round piling filled with willows and stone or with a curtain of round piles along the upstream face. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $14,500,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $415,000 for a channel width of 500 feet and.$680,000 for a width of 1,000 feet. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, and provides that the details of the work may be modified at the discretion of the Secretary of War. (See H. Doc. No. 329, 56th Cong., 1st sess.; Annual Report, 1900, p. 2287, et seq.) Act of May 28, 1908, authorized dredging in the river at the Head of Passes as far up as Cubits Gap. The act of March 3, 1909, made pro- vision for increasing the plant by addition of a large dredge. For report of the board of Engineer officers in 1916, see pages 2420-2426 of Annual Report for 1916. For latest chart see page 2372 of Annual Report for 1920. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No local cooperation has been imposed by law. Terminal facilities.--The Board of Commissioners of the port of New Orleans, an agency of the State of Louisiana, ordinarily referred to as the dock board, owns and operates the majority of the terminal facilities of the port of New Orleans. The dock board owns and controls on the banks of the river and in the navigation canal 39,644 linear feet (7,220,685 square feet) of wharves, of which 30,231 feet (5,168,210 square feet) are covered with steel sheds, the usual width of which is 175 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS---NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 949 The dock board has 3 fruit landings equipped with 14 banana unloaders. Many large floating derricks, several locomotive cranes, the telpher system for sugar, stationary and portable conveyors and trucks for all commoditie4 special elevators for ore, sand, and gravel, and other economical devices are included in the commodity- handling equipment of the port. All public port facilities are served by paved roadways and also by the Public Belt Railroad, a terminal switching facility, with a total of 93.48 miles of track, municipally owned and operated, which connects with all 12 trunk lines entering New Orleans. Other lines increase the total switching trackage to more than 200 miles within the port, with an estimated handling capacity of 3,000 cars per day. The board has constructed, at a cost of over $6,000,000, a modern public cotton-handling terminal, with a storage capacity of 461,856 high-density bales. There are three ship-side grain elevators, with a total combined storage capacity of 5,122,000 bushels, of which that of the dock board's elevator has a capacity of 2,622,000 bushels. At the latter elevator is located a marine leg unloader, with a capacity of 15,000 bushels per hour, and also a modern sacking plant. There has recently been completed a marine leg at the Stuyvesant Dock ele- vators, with a capacity of 15,000 bushels per hour. The board has constructed an inner harbor navigation canal, which cost approximately $18,000,000. The canal is situated in the city of New Orleans, near its eastern boundary, and connects the Mississippi River with Lake Ponchartrain. The canal is 51/2 miles long, with a depth of 30 feet, referred to mean low Gulf level, and bottom widths of from 125 to 300 feet. Near the Mississippi River entrance is a reinforced concrete lock 640 feet inside length by 75 feet inside width, with 31 feet of water over the sills at low water in the Mississippi River. The dock board has constructed, at a cost of $1,600,000, on the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal, 1,500 feet north of the lock, a quay wharf of reinforced concrete. The wharf, which was opened to commerce in June, 1925, is 265 feet wide by 2,400 feet long, and is served on the front and rear by the Public Belt Railroad and suitable city streets. Among other important port facilities at New Orleans may be mentioned the following: Army supply base, built by the Federal Sove;nment, at a cost of nearly $15,000,000, comprises three 6-story reinf6rced concrete buildings, supported by a wharf and served by the Public Belt Railroad; seven floating dry docks, the largest being the Navy dry dock, having a capacity of 16,000 tons and the others with varying capacities up to 10,000 tons; the public coal and bulk commodity-handling plant, with a coal-storage capacity of 25,000 tons. This plant is owned by the dock board and handles coal and various ores; numerous tipples and colliers for handling coal and other commodities. There are four railroad terminals on the Mississippi River, with 13,850 linear feet of wharves, of which 11,920 linear feet are covered with sheds, affording 1,858,065 square feet of area. 950 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Wharves owned by various industrial plants on both sides of the river bring the total wharfage of the port to 10 miles. Most of port's wharves are covered with transit sheds, affording an area of over 8,000,000 square feet on which to handle cargo at ship side. The facilities of the port of New Orleans are considered adequate for its commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 5, Corps of Engineers.) Eifet of improvement.-The available depth has been increased from 9 to 35 feet and 19 to 35 feet over bars at the sea entrance and at the Head of Passes, respectively. The improvement has rendered transportation by water easier. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operationsduring the fiscal year were confined to maintenance. Work by hired labor and United States plant consisted in removal of 966,405 cubic yards from the lower jetty and bar channels, by the U. S. hopper dredges Benyaurd and Navesink, and 137,666 cubic yards from the entrance channel at the head of the Pass, by the Benyaurd, at a cost of $157,- :926.44; raising to grade a total of 9,027 linear feet of the east jetty capping, by addition of 3,021 cubic yards of concrete, at a cost of $57,663.21; Dike W-1 at the south end of the west jetty was extended channelward 60 feet and the inshore 350 feet, closed in by driving vertical piles in the open spaces, at a cost of $4,275.32; Dikes Nos. W-5 and 11, located on west side of lower jetty channel, damaged by vessels, were repaired at a cost of $14,503.49, which was collected from the owners; construction of a storm-proof mess hall at Burr- wood, at a cost of $29,028.41; maintenance of jetties, spur dikes, and other existing works of channel improvement, at a cost of $11,394.98; maintenance of wharves, moorings,. buildings, and shore plant at :Burrwood, at a cost of $36,845.44; and channel surveys, investi- gations, and examinations, at a cost of $15,394.03. The repair plant at Burrwood, including the boat yard, machine shop, ice and electric plants, mess house, storeroom, etc., was operated throughout the year, the cost being charged to the plant repaired or the major activities benefited. Miscellaneous work was performed for the lighthouse and other Government departments, the bar pilots, and others, the cost of the work being reimbursable. One uncompleted contract, for a 225 B. H. P. Diesel tug at a cost of $51,620, was in force at the close of the year. Completed contract work consisted of annual repairs to the dredge Benyaurd, tug Delamar, inspection boat General Humphreys, and oil barge No. 100, at a cost of $92,- 328.74, and an aerial survey of the Passes area at a cost of $9,138.01. The total cost of work performed during the year was $321,665.84, all maintenance, and the total expenditures, $416,391.27. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The project is 93.1 per cent com- pleted. The jetties were completed to present length in 1921. East jetty foundation is 25,400 feet long, and the portion above high water about 24,400 feet. Similar figures for west jetty are 19,960 and 19,000 feet, respectively. Extensive repairs were made to the jetty superstructure between 1915 and 1926. Inner bulkheads, or jetties, were completed to present length in 1923. Their lengths are: East bulkhead, 22,822 feet; west bulkhead, 15,080 feet. A total RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 951 of 28,500 linear feet of the bulkheads was protected from scour by means of brush mattresses and stone during the years 1917 to 1923, inclusive. During the period 1908 to 1923, mattresses were added to the sill at Head of Pass a l'Outre, mattress sills were placed across Cubits Gap and the Jump, 11 outlet bayous in the Pass were closed, the mattress sill across head of Southwest Pass was re- moved, 53 spur dikes were constructed in the lower 9 miles of the Pass, and 5 spur dikes and a submerged deflecting dike built at Head of Passes. All structures are in good condition, excepting the dikes between the bulkheads and jetties, which are no longer needed. The amount dredged from the channel between the bulkheads and deposited between the bulkheads and jetties amounts to 17,093,208 cubic yards. This work was done by United States plant during the years 1918 to 1925, inclusive. The total material removed under the existing project from the lower 81/3 miles of the Southwest Pass Channel by dredging, includ- ing the entrance from the Gulf, amounts to 79,725,390 cubic yards, and at the end of the year the remaining excavation necessary to secure a channel of project dimensions through this portion of the Pass was 42,533 cubic yards. Similar quantities for previous years are: 1929, 44,644; 1928, 273,956; 1927, 218,005; 1926, 578,000; 1925, 703,000; 1923, 4,878.000 cubic yards. Channel conditions on June 30, 1930, were, as follows: 35-foot channel Length of Central channel Minimum Average depths width width Miles Feet Feet Feet Entrance channel into the head of the Pass_..---- ---------- - 1.0 500 600 35-62 Through the Pass, from head to sea end of jetties...------------- 19. 4 700 1, 000 37-87 Through the bar channel at mouth of Pass-.------------------ .8 860 900 36-42 Throughout the length of the Pass, a 35-foot channel, with an average width of nearly 1,000 feet and a least width generally of not less than 500 feet, was maintained during the year-with the excep- tion of short periods during the flood cycle when the least width was reduced to 300 feet-in a short stretch opposite the lower end of east jetty, and 330 feet in the entrance at the head of the Pass. At the former locality there was some encroachment of shoal water from both sides, which operated to reduce the least width for short periods. At the head of the Pass the shoaling was of a minor nature,. a shoal area having formed on the east range into the Pass, with depths of from 29 to 34 feet. There was, however, at all times ample width of the 35-foot channel, on both sides of the shoal area, for navigation purposes. The shoaling at both the above localities occurred at river stages in excess of 12 feet, Carrollton gage, and was never of sufficient extent to break the continuity of the 35-foot channel. Satisfactory conditions were maintained by dredging. Controlling channel conditions at close of the year were found in a short stretch of channel in the entrance at Head of Passes, where the minimum width of the 35-foot channel was 500 feet. 952 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 On the whole, channel conditions during the year were very satis- factory and fully ample for the needs of commerce. A total of 6,709 seagoing vessels navigated the Passes- during the fiscal year, of which number 2,162 (32.2 per cent) navigated South- west Pass and 4,547 (67.8 per cent) South Pass. Of the 2,162 vessels which used Southwest Pass, 535 drew 24 feet or more and 82 drew over 30 feet. The maximum draft during the year was 33 feet. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists of a relatively small amount of dredging and possible additional con- traction dikes above the head of the Pass and near the ends of the jetties. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year have been $21,239,912.77, and the total cost, $20,586,- 412.77, of which $13,494,254.42 was for new work and $7,092,158.35 for maintenance. .'Proposed operations.-Duringthe fiscal year 1931 it is proposed to use the balance unexpended July 1, 1930, for maintenance work, with Government plant and hired labor, under the project, as follows: Maintenance dredging, by U. S. dredge Benyaurd, or substitute, in the bar, lower jetty and entrance at Head of Passes channels, and in other localities if necessary, about eight months at $21,000 per month----------------------------- ------------- $168, 000. 00 Maintenance of jetties, dikes, spillways, floating and shore plants, buildings and walks, surveys, and contingencies-------------- 222, 577. 38 Payment of outstanding liabilities and other obligations as of July 1, 1930------- ----------------------------------- 80, 160. 34 Total maintenance ----------------------------------- 470, 737. 72 It is expected that these operations will provide a channel suitable for the needs of commerce; and that funds for the preceding work will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 ($350,000) will be applied to maintenance work, with Govern- ment plant and hired labor, under the project, as follows: Maintenance dredging, by U. S. dredge Bentiaurd, or substitute, in the bar, lower jetty, and entrance at Head of Passes channels, and other localities if necessary, about 10 months at $21,000 per month----- $210, 000 Maintenance of jetties, dikes, spillways, floating and shore plants, buildings and walks, surveys, and other contingencies-__ -_ 140, 000 ----------- 350, 000 Total maintenance -------------------------- No additional funds can be profitably expended for new work during the fiscal year 1932. The existing bar channel dimensions are adequate for existing commerce and the maintenance to full project width would necessitate additional dredging which would be an unnecessary expense. Regulating works as now constructed are believed to be adequate. It is therefore believed that the main- tenance of the channel in its present condition will be sufficient to meet the requirements of commerce. Commercial statistic.--A comparative statement of foreign and domestic commerce for the past five years is as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 953 Comparative statement Foreign Domestic Total 1 Cargoes in transit Calen- dar year Short Short Short Value Short Value Passen- tons tons tons tons gers 1925_ _. 11, 355, 779 $689, 298, 548 6, 660, 273 $240, 077, 384 18, 016, 052 $929, 375, 932 1,127, 987 $111, 692, 764 (2) 1926-__ 11, 599, 172 652, 590, 201 7, 363, 597 263, 998, 424 18, 962, 769 916, 588, 625 1, 207, 718 95, 951, 996 (2) 1927- _ 11, 235, 813 583, 058, 965 5, 455, 665 217, 105, 122 16, 681, 478 800, 164, 087 1,628, 024 128, 645, 122 (2) 1929 - 11, 283, 546 585, 605, 591 6, 158, 024 226, 221,187 17,441, 570 811,826, 778 2,174, 824 121, 634, 308 43,378 1 Cargoes in transit not included. 2No statistics available. 3Foreign passengers only. The principal items of commerce were: Foreign imports-bananas, coffee, cane sugar, molasses and sirup, crude petroleum, gasoline, crude bauxite aluminum, creosote oil, and sodium nitrate. Foreign exports- corn, wheat, wheat flour, cotton, lumber, gasoline and naphtha, illuminating oil, gas and fuel oil, and iron and steel. Domestic receipts-crude oil, gasoline, gas and fuel oil, and iron and steel. Domestic ship- ments-rice, lumber, crude oil, gas and fuel oil, salt, and iron and steel. The commercial statistics are those for the "Passes of the Mississippi River," which consist of South pass and Southwest Pass. The draft of vessels varied from less than 14 to 32 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-_______-----------------------$14, 419, 242. 95 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------- - -- 7, 092, 158. 35 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------- 21, 511, 401.30 Value of plant, materials; etc., on hand June 30, 1930__------- 660, 317. 03 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_ _--_ _-------------- 22, 171, 718. 33 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 6 96 47---------------------- Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 --- --------------- 22, 219, 379. 29 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------ 54, 477. 99 Net total expenditures---- --------------------- 22, 164. 901.30 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------------------- 470, 737. 72 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------------ 22, 635, 639. 02 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------- ------------------------------- ----------------------- --------------- Cost of maintenance.-----------------$610, 078. 19 $309,634. 19 1-$303,402.24 1 $152, 062. 25 $321, 665.84 Total expended-------- ------------- 610, 078. 19 309,634. 19 93,377.27 314, 057. 31 416, 391.27 Allotted .....__ --....---- 240, 000.00 375, 000. 00 103,568.07 367, 500.00 300,000.0 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----------------------------- $587, 128.99 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930__------------------- $350,000. 00 Amount allotted from deficiency act, fiscal year 1930_ 60, 000. 00 410, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_____---------- - -- ___ -__997, 128. 99 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment ________-- __ 110, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for___________-- - - -__ 887, 128. 99 Gross amount expended---------------------------- 426, 697. 57 Less receipts from sales-__ __-- _____- - -- ___ 10, 306. 30 _ 416, 391. 27 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 _ 470, 737. 72 .----------- 1 Adjustment to correct error in previous reports; also reductf6n account reappraised value of plant. 954 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------------$28, 540. 34 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts------------ 51, 620. 00 $80, 160. 34 Balance available June 30, 1930-------- ------------------ 390, 577. 38 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------------------- 47, 660. 95 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930-------------- ---- 438, 238. 33 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of estimated project ' ,000. 000. 00 1------------------------------- Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending 2- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - June 30, 1932, for maintenance 350, 000. 00 2. SOUTH PASS CHANNEL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER, LA. (MAINTENANCE) Location and desoription.-South Pass, flowing south 32° east, is the smallest of the three main outlets of the Mississippi River. The entrance is 107.5 miles from New Orleans, La.; 141 miles from Mobile, Ala., on the east; and 349 miles from Galveston, Tex., on the west. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1272.) Its length from Head of Passes to the Gulf of Mexico is about 13 miles and its average width is 750 feet. It is a tidal stream, but during about eight months each year the flow is influenced by river floods. The maximum discharge and slope are about 175,000 second- feet and 0.3 foot per mile, respectively. At extreme low river stages a rising tide may temporarily produce an upstream current and a slight negative slope in the lower portion of the Pass. Original condition.-South Pass was not used for navigation. It was obstructed at its mouth by a bar which had a depth of 9 feet and at its head by a bar with a depth of 13 feet at low water. Between these bars the channel was 27 to 30 feet in depth. Its length before prolongation by the jetties was 113/4 miles and its width varied from 530 to 850 feet. There were two entrances from the river and also two prominent side outlets. Variation in water sur- face at Head of Passes due to river floods was about 4 feet, reducing to zero at the mouth. Previous projects.-None. For scope of improvements of mouths of the Mississippi River see page 1847, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.--The existing project authorized James B. Eads and associates to construct such permanent and sufficient jetties and auxiliary works as are necessary to secure and maintain for a period of 20 years through the Pass a channel 26 feet in depth and not less than 200 feet wide at the bottom and having through it a central depth of 30 feet, without regard to width, at the termination of the maintenance period the channel to be maintained by the United States; construction and maintenance of sill and submerged deflect- ing dikes across head of South Pass and maintenance of sill across Pass a l'Outre, removal of west dike, and construction of submerged and spur dikes at Head of Passes; for dredging a channel 35 feet deep, no width specified, through the shoals in the river between Cubits Gap and Head of Passes, 31/2 miles; and for a seaward exten- sion of the west jetty at mouth of Pass. The plane of reference is mean low water. Variation of water surface is 16 inches at the mouth and 10 inches at the head, due to tide. The extreme range of ' Exclusive of 4vailable turnds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 955 tide at the mouth is 28 inches. East jetty foundation is 12,070 feet long. Inner east jetty is 11,170 feet long. The west jetty is 7,820 feet long. Inner west jetty is 4,710 feet long. The jetties are com- posed of a substructure of brush mattresses surmounted by a super- structure of concrete. Auxiliary works are spur dikes and inner jetties, which are composed of a cribwork of round piling filled with willows and stone. The amount paid James B. Eads and asso- ciates was $8,000,000, being the total cost of new work. The latest (1928) approved estimate .for annual cost of maintenance is $150,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1875, amended by acts of June 19, 1878, and March 3, 1879. The emergency act of June 6, 1900, provided for the maintenance by the United States and appropriated a sum not exceeding $100,000 annually for this work. The river and harbor act of May 28, 1908, authorized dredging in the river. The removal of west dike and construction of spur dikes and bank revetment at Head of Passes were based on the additional works planned in 1916 by the Board of Engineer officers appointed by the Secretary of War for Southwest Pass (Annual Report for 1916, pp. 2420-2426). For latest published map see page 2656 of Annual Report for 1919. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Thereis no local cooperation imposed by law. Terminal facilities.--For description of the public docks, ware- houses, wharf sheds, industrial canal, and quartermaster storehouse at New Orleans, La., see report for Southwest Pass, Mississippi River. Effect of improvement.-The navigable depth of the channel has increased from 9 to 30 feet at the mouth and from 13 to 36 feet at the head of the pass. Larger and deeper draft vessels are permitted to enter the harbor at New Orleans, La., giving that city high rank as a seaport. Larger cargoes are carried for coastwise and foreign com- merce. Operations and results during fiscal year.--All work during the year was that of maintenance and was performed by hired labor and United States plant. The longitudinal brush dike parallel to and 500 feet behind the inner east jetty, 5,200 feet in length, was brought to grade where necessary by the addition of willow brush and stone, and grass and sea cane were planted between the two structures to hasten and retain the accumulation of deposits. The stone capping of the outer 4,300 feet of the inner east jetty was reshaped, by the addition of new stone, preparatory to placing a concrete cap, 3 feet wide, to bring the structure to grade of + 5.0 above mean Gulf level. The total cost of maintaining the inner east jetty and longitudinal dike during the year was $19,101.85. The 15 revetted spillways through the banks of the pass were maintained in effective condition by removal of debris and repair of revetment where necessary. The total cost of maintenance of banks by spillways and other revetments was $43,132.30. About 150 linear feet of the east headland dike, the dividing struc- ture between Pass a l'Outre and South Pass which had been partially undermined by a strong eddy current, was redriven with creosoted piling and the filling brought above high water by the addition of brush and stone. On the Pass a I'Outre side of the dike 360 linear feet of fascine willow mats were placed to prevent further erosion, and a spur dike 60 feet long, brush and stone filled, was driven at the 9iS REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 30 lower end of the structure to break up and divert the eddy current. The total cost of repairs to this dike was $7,920.40. The west headland dike, spur dikes, and other structures at Head of Passes were brought to grade above high water by the addition of brush and stone at a cost of $8,959.64. Wharves, moorings, shore plant, buildings, and walks at Port Eads and Head of Passes were maintained at a cost of $15,548.86. The total cost of work performed during the year was $103,373.94, the total expenditures being $76,756.95. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Improvement begun by James B. Eads in 1875 comprised east and west jetties at the mouth, with lengths of 12,070 and 7,820 feet, respectively; 36 spur dikes between the jetties; two mattress sills and various dikes at Head of Passes; and dredging the channel. These works were completed on July 8, 1879, when the 20-year period of maintenance by contract began. Two side outlets were closed and spur dikes were built at two locali- ties in South Pass. Inner east and west jetties, with lengths of 1.1,170 and 4,710 feet, respectively, were completed in 1886. The channel was dredged for about 1,230 days. The amounts paid to James B. Eads and his associates for improvement and maintenance totaled $8,000,000. The contract ended January 28, 1901. Since the latter date the pass has been maintained by the United States. The work done includes a shoreward extension of 872 linear feet to inner east jetty; dredging 9,724,201 cubic yards of material from the channel; placing of a mattress sill across head of South Pass, and an upstream extension, 1,300 feet long, of the headland between South and Southwest Passes; sinking of 217,798 square yards of mattresses for bank-protection purposes at the head of the Pass; construction of spur dikes along left bank above Head of Passes; and placing of a submerged deflecting dike across the head of Pass a l'Outre. Throughout the year a channel of project dimensions was main- tained without additions or any extensive repairs to the existing works. On June 30, 1930, controlling channel conditions obtained in the entrance channel from the Gulf where there was a channel 30 feet deep, with a least width of 400 feet. A total of 4,547 seagoing vessels navigated South Pass during the year, of which 686 drew 24 feet or more and 1 drew over 30 feet. The maximum draft during the year was 30 feet 6 inches. The total expenditures to the end of the fiscal year have been $13,143,917.16, and the total cost $12,991,500.75, of which $8,000,000 was for new work and $4,991,500.75 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-Duringthe fiscal year 1931 it is proposed to use the balance unexpended July 1, 1930, including the $100,000 fiscal year appropriation, in maintenance with Government plant and hired labor, as follows: Maintenance dredging by U. S dredge Benyard, or substitute, in entrance channel from the Gulf, if shoaling occurs, about 1 month at $21,000 per month ------------------------------ $21, 000. 00 Raising to grade, at 5 feet above mean Gulf level by the addition of a concrete cap, approximately 4,300 lineal feet along the outer end of the east jetty----------------------------------- 25, 000. 00 Addition of:willows and riprap to the east Jetty longitudinal dike. 10, 000. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS--NEW ORLEANS LA., DISTRICT 957 Maintenance of spillways through banks__--------------------. $5, 000. O00 Maintenance of dikes, sills, and other structures at Head of Passes- 30, 000. 00 Maintenance of wharves and moorings, and buildings and walks at Port Eads and Head of Passes----------------------------- 20, 099. 62 Payment of outstanding liabilities and other obligations as of July 1, 1930---- ------------------- --------------------- 15, 142.81 Total maintenance --------------- ------------------- 126, 242. 43 It is expected that funds for the preceding work will be ex- hausted by June 30, 1931. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as it is believed that the permanent annual appropriation of $100,000 for that year will be sufficient to maintain the existing channel and keep the regulating works in repair. Commercial statistics.--See preceding report on Southwest Pass. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930____---------------------- $8, 000, 000. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 4, 991, 500.75 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------12, 991, 500. 75 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 80, 1930--------- 146, 551. 15 Net total cost to June 30, 1930------------------------ 13, 138, 051.90 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930__---------------------- 22, 683. 10 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 ----------------- 13, 160, 735. 00 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------- 16, 817. 84 Net total expenditures--_---------------- 13, 143, 917. 16 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 26, 242. 43 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 13, 170, 159. 59 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------ ------------ ---------------------------- ------------ Cost of maintenance.------------------__$117, 532. 31 $126,695. 35 $185, 884. 24 $138, 904. 78 $103,373. 94 Total expended- --------------------- 117, 532. 31 126, 695.35 170, 362. 26 127,810. 08 76, 756. 95 Allotted- -_ __100,000.00 --------------------------- 100, 000.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 95,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ---------------------------- 7, 999. 38 Amount allotted from river and harbor act, approved June6, 1900__ 100, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-------------------------- 107,999.38 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment_-.------ -__- 5, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for--- ---------------- 102, 999.38 Gross amount expended.._ .------------------- $77, 423.32 Less receipts from sales----------------------------- 666. 37 76, 756. 95 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------- 26, 242. 43 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------------------- 15, 142. 81 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------- 11, 099. 62 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930-__ -------------------------- 22, 683.10 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930------ ---- --------- 33, 782. 72 958 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 3. EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS AT SOUTH PASS, MISSISSIPPI RIVER, LA. Location and description.-(See p. 954.) Originalcondition.-(See p. 954.) Previous projects.-None. For scope of improvements of mouths of the Mississippi River see page 1847, Annual Report for 1915. Eaisting project.-The existing project provides for making ex- aminations and surveys of the outer channel in the Gulf of Mexico, throughout the Pass, and at the Head of Passes, and dredging shoals in river between Cubits Gap and Head of Passes, where necessary to secure a depth of 35 feet with practical width. The latest estimate for the work (maintenance) made in 1928 is $10,000 per annum. The project was adopted by the act of March 3, 1875. The act of August 11, 1888, appropriated a sum not exceeding $10,000 annually for this work. The act of June 13, 1902, authorized a continuation of mak- ing examinations, notwithstanding the termination of the contract with the late James B. Eads, and the act of May 28, 1908, added the dredging of shoals in the river. For the latest charts of South Pass and Head of Passes see page 2656 of the Annual Report for 1919. Reoommended .modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. See report for Southwest Pass. Terminal facilities.-None. See report for Southwest Pass. Effect of improvement.-For information as to increase in depth obtained in the South Pass Channel see report for that improvement. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations during the year, all by hired labor and United States plant, consisted in making frequent examinations and surveys in the entrance channels at the head and mouth of the Pass, and through the Pass proper, and per- forming miscellaneous survey work in connection with navigation, construction work in progress, and investigations and studies under way. Continuous records were obtained of the water level at each end of the Pass, at Pilottown above the head of the Pass, and at the mouth of Pass a l'Outre. Surveys at head and mouth of the Pass were made monthly during ordinary stages and at more frequent intervals during high river. Near the close of the year surveys of the above localities were extended to include the 100-foot contour at the mouth of the Pass and to cover the main river as far up as Cubits Gap, above the Head of Passes. Detailed surveys of the area between the inner east jetty and the east jetty dike were made at intervals to determine changes; frequent examinations were made of each of the 15 small revetted spillways through the banks of the Pass and miscel- laneous survey work, including location of ships aground, current, silt, and salinity observations; location of bank lines, surveys of banks, caves, etc., was performed. Patrol of the banks of the Pass was made daily during high river and less frequently during lower stages. The U. S. survey boat Picket was operated as required. Systematic measurements of the discharge of the three passes are made during the cycle of each river flood. The average results of 19 sets of measurements secured during the current flood, together with the similar figures for the seven preceding years, are here tabulated. RIVERS AND HARBORS--NEW (ORLEANS,' LA., DISTRICT 959 Peroentage of the total flow through the three passes taken by each pass 1923 1924 19251 1926 1 1927 1928 1929 1930 Southwest Pass---------.......___ ... 36. 7 37. 5 39.4 40.0 39. 7 39.0 39.0 40.6 South Pass. ----------------------- 18. 3 17.1 16. 7 17. 6 17.6 18. 4 17.,5 17. 6 Pass a l'Outre--------------------- 45. 0 45.4 43.9 42.4 42.7 42.6 43.5 41.8 Total ---------------------- 100. 100.0 100.0100.0100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1Due to low river stages that obtained during the 1925 and 1926 floods, these observations were probably influenced by winds and tides to a greater extent than during other years. In the entrance at the head of the Pass a channel depth of from 35 to 40 feet, with ample width for navigation, was maintained throughout the year. Through the Pass proper a 36-foot channel not less than 350 feet wide was uniformly available. In the entrance at the mouth of the Pass there was throughout the year a channel of from 30 to 31 feet depth, with sufficient width for navigation. The total cost of work performed during the year was $10,000 and the total expended was $9,829.69. Condition at the end of the fiscal year.-The project is for main- tenance. The contract with James B. Eads was completed during the fiscal year 1901. On June 30, 1930, the ruling depth was 30 feet at mean low water. The condition of the channel throughout the Pass, including the entrances from the river and the Gulf, during fiscal year was satisfactory and in excess of project requirements. There were 11 navigation accidents during the year, none of which was due to any deficiency in width or depth of the channel. There has been expended a total of $556,946.87 for examinations and surveys, the cost of the work being $558,006.52, all maintenance. Proposed operations.- The annual appropriation of $10,000, avail- able July 1, 1930, for the fiscal year 1931, will be expended for main- tenance, with Government plant and hired labor, in making exami- nations and surveys in accordance with the project. It is expected that funds for this work will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. No additional funds for the fiscal year 1932 are necessary, as the annual appropriation of $10,000 for that year will be sufficient to carry on the work under the project. Commercial sta sties.-See report on Southwest Pass. Cost and finanwci.lcummrary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ $558, 006.52 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1.930-------------------------1, 059. 65 Net total expenditures----------------------------- 556, 946. 87 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------- --- 1, 059. 65 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 _------------ 558, 006. 52 Fiscal year ending June 30 . 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work__..---------------------- -- -------------- - ------------- -------- ------------ Cost of Mniintenanbe---.----------------_ _ $9,427. 78 $10, 572.22 $0,000. 00 $10, 000.00 $10, 000. 00 Total expended----------- - 9,427. 78 10, 572. 22 9,678. 72 9,431. 94 9,829. 69 Allotted. --- --- 9, 427. 78 10, 572. 22 10, 000. 00 10,000. 00 10, 000. 00 11714---ENG 1930----61 RE PORT OfF CHIEF OE 1frGINEEB& U. S -ARMY, 19890 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--- ------ ------ ..------- --- $889.34 Amount allotted from river and harbor act, approved June 13, 1902_ 10, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for- --------------------------- 10, 889.34 Gross amount expended------------------------------------- 9, 829. 69 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 1, 059. 65 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------------------- 1, 059. 65 4. MISSISSIPPI RIVER, BETWEEN BATON ROUGE AND NEW ORLEANS, LA. Location and description.--The Mississippi River between Baton Rouge and New Orleans flows in a general southeasterly direction through the southeastern portion of the State of Louisiana. Dis- tances from Baton Rouge are: To New Orleans, 132 miles; to Head of Passes, 226.5 miles; to Gulf of Mexico via South Pass, 239 miles. Maximum fluctuation of water surface at Baton Rouge is about 43 feet; at New Orleans, about 23 feet. High-water stages usually occur from January to June; low stages from July to December. There are no tributaries or outlets in this stretch of river. Other data are as follows: Maximum Minimum Average Width......----- ....... .....--------------- ---------- ------------ feet. 4, 700 1, 500 2,900 Discharge ......--------------------------. --------..second-feet__ 1, 358,000 135, 000 Fall of water surface----............-----.....--- feet (approximate).. -------....... 27. 0 0. 5 ......... Mean velocity----------........- --- feet per second (approximate)__- 9. 0 .5 .. Original ondition.--A channel with depths of 34 feet or more over a least widthof several hundred feet has usually obtained throughout this reach of the river. There has been occasional shoaling to be- tween 28 and 84 feet depth in one or .two comparatively short stretches. Such shoaling has usually occurred only at a very low stage of river following a very high stage. Bayous Lafourche, Man- chac, and Plaquemine, former outlets, have been closed; the latter by means of a lock, and the two former by means of levees. Previous projects.--This section of the river was included in the project for a channel 9 feet deep and not less than 250 feet wide, which was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, the work being carried on under the supervision of the Mississippi River Commission. No work was ever required in this section, as natural depths were far in excess of 9 feet. Eaisting project.--This provides for a channel 35 feet deep at low water and 300 feet wide between Baton Rouge and New Orleans, La., a distance of 132 miles, at an estimated annual cost of $14,000 during years in which high floods occur. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927. (H. Doc. No. 105, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) Recommended modifioations of project.--None. Local cooperation.-Nolocal cooperation has been imposed by law. Terminal facilities.--The city of Baton Rouge has recently in- stalled a modern terminal, including a reinforced concrete wharf 504 feet long, at a cost of about $750,000. Attached to the main wharf RIVERS AND HARBORS--NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 961 is a large floating dock, to and from which freight is transferred by means of escalators. A triple-track car barge, 300 feet long, with capacity for 16 cars, serves for interchange of all freight destined to either east or west bank. The facilities are served by a municipal terminal with a capacity of 18 cars, and a maximum handling capacity of 40 cars per day, which connects with the five main trunk hnes entering the port. The facilities of the port of Baton Rouge are municipally owned and controlled and are operated on equal terms to all shippers. The United States Steel Corporation contemplates the erection shortly of a large terminal on the west bank directly opposite Baton Rouge. The facilities of the port of Baton Rouge are considered adequate for its commerce. Effect of improvement.-Maintaining35-foot depth by removal of shoals as they form has permitted the continuous use of the channel by deeper-draft vessels, which would otherwise be compelled to re- strict their draft whenever shoaling takes place. Operations and results during flsdalyear.-The U. S. hopper dredge Ben/aurd removed a total of 427,898 cubic yards of material from the shoals which developed during the flood season at Brusly and Granada Landings, about 5 and 25 miles, respectively, below Baton Rouge, restoring project dimensions over a length of about 4,000 feet where the depth prior to dredging ranged from 31 to 35 feet. The total cost of work performed during the year was $24,938.70, and the amount expended was $24,927.56, all maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-There are no works of channel improvement as none are considered necessary. At the close of the fiscal year the channel at Brusly Bar had shoaled to 34 feet, referred to plus 1.0 on the Baton Rouge gage, which depth is adequate for existing commerce. The total cost at the end of the fiscal year was $50,831.65, and the amount expended was $50,820.51, all maintenance. Proposed operatio~s.-Duringthe fiscal year 1931 it is proposed to use the balance unexpended July 1, 1930, for removal of shoals- with Government plant and hired labor-as they may occur, by dredging with U. S. dredge Benyaurd, or substitute, at such localities as may be required. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 ($20,000) will be applied to the removal of shoals as they may occur, as follows: Dredging by U. S. dredge Benyaurd, or substitute, where shoaling may occur, twenty-se'en thirtieths of a month at $21,000 per month---. $19, 000 Surveys-- ...-------- ----------------------------------------- 1, 000 Total -------------------------------------------- ---- 20, 000 The above amount exceeds the average for the past two years, but is necessary, due to the development of another shoal area at Granada Landing. Commercial statistics.--The traffic between Baton Rouge and New Orleanps amounted to the following: 4,206,829 tons, valued at $69,-. 260,853, for 1998; 5,278,328 tons, valued at $71,987,224, for 1929. These figures represent the traffic at Baton Rouge, comprising the foreign imports and exports and coastwise receipts and shipments. REPORT OF CHIEF OF EN I1EERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------------------ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ $50,831.65 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930---------- 11.14 Net total expenditures-------------------------------- 50, 820. 51 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------ 30, 179. 49 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------- 81, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work__------ Cost of maintenance--------------- --------------------- $14,057.49 $11,835.46 $24, 938. 70 Total expended----- --------------- ---------------------- 14, 057.49 11,835.46 24, 927.56 Allotted----------------------- ------------------------ 43,000.00 -1,000.00 39, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929k-..----------------___ $16, 107. 05 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved February 28, 1929-------------------$25, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930----------------------- 14, 000. 00 39, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-_________-___ _____- 55, 107. 05 Gross amount expended------------------------------------ 24, 927. 56 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 -____-_____ ____-_ 30, 179. 49 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - - 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20 000.00 5. LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN, LA. Location and description.-Lake Pontchartrain is a body of water in southeastern Louisiana, just north of New Orleans, La., and has a length of 40 miles, a width of 24 miles, and a central depth of 16 feet, decreasing regularly to about 6 feet near shore. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1269.) Lake Pontchartrain is tidal and has a drainage area of 5,312 square miles. Original condition. Lake Pontchartrain had depths of 12 feet or more, except along the shores and in the eastern portion, where there existed the Middle Ground Shoal. Partly submerged logs were scat- tered over the lake and were dangerous to navigation. The depth over the Middle Grounds was 5 feet at mean low Gulf. The entire lake was navigable: Previous projects.-Tihe river and harbor act of August 30, 1852, appropriated $25,000 which was expended for new work prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910 and 1917. For further details of previous projects, see page 1850, Annual Report for 1915. SEisting project.-This provides for the removal of the old break- water off Milneburg, La., and partly submerged logs throughout the lake, and for the dredging and marking of a channel 8 feet deep at an low Gulf and 150 feet wide at the bottom over the Middle Gronds in the eastern portion of Lake Pontchartiin: Utderoedi- nary conditions the mean range of tide is about 10 inches: and the 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 963 extreme range about 14 inches. At times, high winds may cause a rise of about 4 feet. Exclusive of the amount expended on the previous project, the estimated cost for new work in connection with the removal of the breakwater, adopted in 1910, was $12,000, with annual maintenance of $500, and for dredging and marking the Middle Grounds, adopted in 1917, was $32,000 for new work and $3,200 for annual maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the removal of old breakwater and obstructions in the lake (H. Doc. No. 881, 60th Cong., 1st sess.), and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for dredging and marking the Middle Grounds (H. Doc. No. 176, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map, see page 2436, Annual Report for 1916. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is a wharf and landing at Mandeville. The Industrial Canal and New Basin Canal, both controlled by the State of Louisiana, are the terminals for most of the traffic on Lake Pontchartrain and have unloading devices used especially for unload- ing sand and gravel from barges. The existing terminal facilities are considered adequate and are open to the use of all on equal terms. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has resulted in making the traffic between New Orleans and the points on the various streams leading into the lake, also the coastwise trade operating through Lake Borgne and Mississippi Sound, easier and safer. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-From June 18 to 30, 1930, the U. S. dredge Delatourredredged a portion of the Middle Grounds Channel and removed 30,453 cubic yards of sand and shells. The total costs were $3,530.65, all for maintenance. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-That part of the existing project pertaining to the removal of snags and old breakwater was com- pleted in 1912, and the channel through the Middle Grounds was dredged and marked in 1917, thus completing the existing project. The channel is in good condition. The controlling depths at mean low Gulf on June 30, 1930, were 8 feet through the usual line of travel in the lake, and 11 feet in the Middle Grounds Channel. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $61,669.42, of which $56,372.22 was for new work and $5,297.20 for maintenance. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $58,138.77. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to expend the balance unex- pended on July 1, 1930 ($5,000), in maintenance, for supervision and office expense, as may be necessary. It is expected that the available funds will be exhausted by January 1, 1931. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as maintenance work is only required at about 5-year intervals. 964 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, tU S. ARMY, 1980 Commercial 8tatistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar Tons Value Passengers Calendar Tons Value Passengers year year 1925---------591, 843 $11, 606, 077 91, 495 1928-------- 857, 675 $12, 744, 447 103, 935 1926-------...... 603, 160 19, 108, 479 109, 536 ....... 1929------- 958, 785 20, 730, 232 65, 601 1927...____.. 898, 981 22, 980, 915 77. 125 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of oysters, shells, sugar, coffee, sirup and molasses, canned goods, hay and feed, melons, cotton, logs and piling, wood, cord, lumbar, bricks and tiles, sand and gravel, lime stone, shale, and iron and steel The draft of vessels varied from 3 to 8 feet Cost and finan~ial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ---------------------- $56, 372.22 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ - _______------------5, 297. 20 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 6------- -61, 669. 42 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------3, 530. 65 Net total expenditures-------------------------------- 58, 138. 77 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------63, 138. 77 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ... . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. Cost of maintenance. -------------------------------------------------------- $3, 530. 65 Total expended....... Allotted.--- -------------------------------- ---------- ------------------------ 5,000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved February 28, 1929------------------------------------ $5, 000. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----- ___---- __-______ -5, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930- ----------- __ -___63. 84 Balance available June 30, 1930 ------ __ _ 4, 936. 16 _------------ 6. CHEFUNCTE RIVER AND BOGUE FALIA, LA. Location and description.---The Chefuncte River rises in the upper portions of Tangipahoa and Washington Parishes, La., and flows southerly into Lake Pontchartrain, opposite New Orleans. The dis- tance from New Orleans to the mouth of Chefuncte River by water via New Basin Canal is 311/ miles. The Bogue Falia rises in the lower portion of Washington Parish, La., and flows in a southerly direction, joining the Chefuncte River 101/2 miles above Lake Pont- chartrain. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1269.) The distance from the mouth to the source is about 70 miles. The portion under improvement extends from the mouth of the Chefuncte River to Covington, on the Bogue Falia, a distance of 141/ miles. The Chefuncte River has widths of 300 to 800 feet and the Bogue Falia of 130 to 200 feet. The streams are tidal, and the watershed area is about 387 square miles. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 965 Original oondition.-The Chefuncte River, from its mouth to the Bogue Falia, a distance of about 101/2 miles, varied in width from 250 to 800 feet and in depth from 15 to 30 feet at low water; but was obstructed by a bar at its mouth over which there was a depth of 51/2 feet at mean low tide; this depth was fully 1 foot less during northers. Above its junction with the Bogue Falia the Chefuncte River had a rapid current and tortuous course, through which very small schooners could navigate for about 3 miles. The Bogue Falia, from its mouth to Covington, a distance of 4 miles, varied in width from 60 to 200 feet and in depth from 4 to 20 feet at mean low Gulf. For 2 miles below Covington the channel was obstructed by snags, overhanging trees, wrecks, bars, and sharp bends, and was navigable for small schooners only. Above Coving- ton only timber-raft navigation was possible. Steamers could use the waterway from the mouth of the Chefuncte River to 2 miles below Covington. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of 1872 provided for removal of the wreck of the gunboat Oregon from the Chefuncte River. This work was performed in 1872-73. The cost and ex- penditures were $5,221 for new work prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1881. For further details of previous projects see page 731, Annual Report for 1913. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep from that depth in Lake Pontchartrain via Chefuncte River and Bogue Falia to Washington Street, Covington, La. The total length of improvement is 16 miles. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide at the mouth is about 10 inches, and near Covington about 3 inches, and the extreme range about 14 inches and 5 inches, respec- tively. The variation of water surface in the upper Chefuncte River and Bogue Falia, due to floods, is about 8 feet; that in the lower Chefuncte River at Lake Pontchartrain, due to winds, is about 3 feet. The estimated cost for new work, adopted in 1881, was $8,460 and is exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881, which provided for dredging and removal of obstruc- tions (H. Ex. Doc. No. 54, 46th Cong., 2d sess.), and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the present dimensions of the channel (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 2, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) The latest published map is printed opposite page 2437 of the Annual Report for 1916. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Terminals are located at Madisonville and Houltonville. At Madisonville there are two private warehouses. There is a well-constructed wharf and landing at Houltonville. There is no terminal at Covington. The banks in the upper courses are generally firm and high and landings are made directly on the banks in some of these places. Except at Covington, the terminals are adequate for the existing commerce: There are no wharves open to the public. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--The improvement has made it possible for larger boats to use the streams. 966 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGIN'EERS U. S. ARMY, 19930 Operations and results during the fcal year.-From August 29 to September 13, 1929, the U. S. pipe-line dredge Delatour, as main- tenance work, removed 14,085 cubic yards of sand, clay, and mud, and 118 trees, stumps, and logs in mile 14 of Bogue Falia. The total costs were $5,000, all for maintenance. The total expendi- tures were $5,000. Conrdition at end of fiscal year.-The obstructions in Chefuncte River and Bogue Falia were originally removed in 1886 arad the channel through the bar was originally dredged in 1903. The controlling depths on June 30, 1930, were 10 feet over the bar at the mouth of the Chefuncte River, 8 feet in the river and in Bogue Falia to Washington Street, Covington, La., available throughout the year. The channel is in good condition. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $55,658.77, of which $19,342.24 was for new work and $36,316.53 for maintenance. The total expenditures under the ex- isting project to the end of the fiscal year were $55,658.77. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as the present channels are adequate for existing commerce and maintenance work will not be required. Commercialstatistics.--A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement CHEFUNCTE RIVER, LA. Calendar year Tons Value Passen- Calendar year Tons Value gers gers 1925--------------29,365 $277,316-----------1928--------------- 85,463 $539,730...... 1926_............... 17,811 790,628 -192972,788 569,230 20,004 1927---, - -......... 19, 048 927, 261 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of shells, crossties, lumber, pulpwood, and sand. The draft of vessels varied from 4 to 8 feet. BOGUE FALIA, LA. Calendar year Tons Value 1929------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3,136 $88,731 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of wood, cord, lumber, pulpwood, bricks, and sand. The draft of vessels varied from 5 to 734 feet. Cost anud financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------- $24, 563. 24 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_-_,.... _____-______ 36, 316.53 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 0, 879.x77 Net total expenditures------------------, ____..____ -60, 879. 77 Ttal amotfi~t appropriated to June 30, 1930.-- - ---- - : 0, 89. RIVERS AND HARBORS--NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 967 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.... Cost of maintenance.--------- ------------------------------ $4, 301.17 $5,000.00 Total expended .------------- ----------------. _ _--- $86. 13 4, 301.17 5, 000. 00 Allotted-------------------------------------------------........-86. 13 9,301.17 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----------------------------------- $5, 000 Gross amount expended-------------------------------------------- 5, 000 7. BAYOU BONFOUCA, LA. Location and description.-Bayou Bonfouca rises about 5 miles north of Slidell, La., and empties into Lake Pontchartrain 5 miles west-southwest of that town. It has a total length of 13 miles. It is under improvement from its mouth to Slidell, La., a distance of 7 miles. This part of the bayou is tidal and has a surface width of 100 to 200 feet. The watershed area is about 75 square miles. (See Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1268.) :"Original condition.-Partly as a result of dredging by local inter- ests Bayou Bonfouca has a uniform depth of 13 to 15 feet from Slidell to within 2 miles of the mouth. At the latter point there is a decrease to 10 feet in depth and 100 feet in surface width. These dimensions are increased by the confluence with Bayou Liberty, which is one-half mile above the mouth. The approach in Lake Pontchartrain is obstructed by a bar which restricts the channel to a width of 75 feet and a depth of 71/2 feet, and causes it to lie nearly parallel with the shore for a distance of 1,500 feet. The shortest distance from the mouth of the bayou to the 10-foot depth in Lake Pontchartrain is 2 miles. Previous project.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide on the bottom, from Slidell to deep water in Lake Pontchartrain. The average range of water level, due to tide, is 0.8 foot. The estimate of cost of new work is $22,000, of which $5,500 is to be contributed by local interests and $1,200 annually for maintenance. These estimates were made in 1924. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927 (H. Doc. No. 474, 68th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications project.-None. Loca cooperation.-Local interests were required to contribute $5,500 toward the cost of the improvement. These funds have been deposited in the United States Treasury. Termina facilities.-All terminal facilities are at Slidell and con- sist of three loading slips and three wharves, with tram-track con- nections and skids for loading timbers. There are also marine ways and a graving dock. All terminal facilities are privately owned. They are adequate for present commerce and may be enlarged and modernized at moderate cost when required. Effect of improverment.-The improvement will make it possible for larger boats to use the stream. 968 RBPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGI iEEBS U. S. ARMY, 1930 Operations and results during the fical year.-From April 15 to June 17, 1930, the U. S. pipeline dredge Delatour removed as new work 132,484 cubic yards of sand and shells from the bar at the mouth of the bayou. The total costs were $16,976.55 all for new work. The total expenditures were $12,496.97, of which $9,302.05 were Government funds and $3,194.92 were contributed funds. Condition at end of fiscal year.--A 10-foot by 60-foot channel ex- tends from the mouth of the bayou to deep water in Lake Pontchar- train. The channel within the bayou exists in its original condition. The project is about 50 per cent complete. The controlling depths on June 30, 1930, were 10 feet over the bar at the mouth of the bayou and 11 feet in the bayou itself, available throughout the year. The channel over the bar is in good condition; the bayou channel is slightly restricted as to width and has a few obstructions in the upper reaches. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $16,976.55, all for new work. The total expenditures under J.1k .. ". "_". 1.1. _ _ ,n1 n, 7 #I - u1t existing projett theJ nd of1 th isyear wref $12,4 .97, of u which $9,302.05 were Government funds and $3,194.92 were con- tributed funds. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance unex- pended on July 1, 1930 ($9,503.03), in dredging operations and for supervision and office expense as may be' necessary. It is expected that the available funds will be exhausted by January 1, 1931. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as maintenance work is only required at about 5-year intervals.. CoQmercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past year is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value 1929...... -.............. -. - .......... 43, 785 $1,006, 628 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of lumber, logs, barged, piling, and bricks and tiles. The draft of vessels varied from 3 to 8 feet. Cost and financial summary UNITED STATES FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $12, 732. 41 Cost of maintenance td June 30, 1930.____. Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- -12, 732. 41 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930----- ----- ------------- 3, 430. 36 Net total expenditures------------------- ------ 9, 302. 05 Unexpended balance June 80, 1930--------------------------- 7, 197. 95 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------...... 16, 500. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS--NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 969 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 I I 1- Cost of new work---------...... _ _---------- $12, 732. 41 Cost of maintenance_.. --............... Total expended............------------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ 9,302.05 Allotted..------------------------------------------......$16,500.00..------------------ Balance unexpended July 1, 1929___ ------------------ $16, 500. 00 Gross amount expended----------------------------------------- 9,302. 05 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------ .7, 197. 95 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------------ 73. 38 Balance available June 30, 1930---------------------------- 7, 124. 57 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------- __4, 244. 14 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930._-- . ---------- .----------------- Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 4, 244. 14 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930___-------------------- 1, 049. 22 Net total expenditures_------------- ----------------- ------ 3, 194. 92 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930______ _____-----___----- 2, 305. 08 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------------------ 5, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------------------ ---- - $4, 244. 14 Cost of maintenance----------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- Total expended--- ------------ ..---------------------------------- ------------ 3,194.92 Allotted _ ------------------- ------------------------------ -------. 5, 500.00 Funds contributed under section 1, river and harbor act, Jan. 21, 1927----------- -------------------------------------- $5, 500. 00 Gross amount expended------------------------------- ----------- 3, 194. 92 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--__----- __-- - -__ 2, 305. 08 CONSOLIDATED COST AND FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR BAYOU BONFOUOA, LA. Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-_ -_____-_------------ __-$16, 976. 55 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_--__.....__ 16, 976. 55 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------__ 4, 479. 58 Net total expenditures------------------------------------ 12, 496. 97 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930__--------- ------------- _ 9, 503.03 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------- 22, 000.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ---- ------------ . $16, 976. 55 Cost of maintenance... Total expended --------------- --- -- -- --------- ,-- . . .. . ------- .--- .- 12, 946.97 Allotted- --------------- -- ------------------------- $16, 500. 00.-------------5, 500.00 970 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS? U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------- ---- $16, 500, 00 Funds contributed under sec. 1, river and harbor act, Jan. 21, 1927- 5, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for----------------------------22, 000. 00 Gross amount expended--------___ ------------ ___ 12, 496. 97 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930- ------------------ 9, 503.03 Outstanding liabilities June. 30, 1930----------------------------- 73. 38 Balance available June 30, 1930----------- --------------- 9, 429. 65 8. PASS MANCHAC, LA. The project was completed in 1912 at a saving of $4,626 under the estimated cost. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and no balance is available. No work is now proposed, as the im- provement is considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1924, page 845. Commmercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1925---.......------------------........... 23, 533 $460, 833 1928.....---------------------25, 934 $1, 149, 349 1926-----.........---------------....... 21, 413 1, 061, 128 1929............---------------------47, 099 771, 287 1927.......-------------........... -18, 657 1, 303, 663 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of shells, cordwood, crossties, lumber, and pulpwood. The draft of vessels varied from 4 to 7 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------------- $1, 374, 10 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------4, 430. 07 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930.--.----------- 5 , 804. 17 Net total expenditures__-. - ----------------------------- 5, 804. 17 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- ------- 5, 804. 17 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work- Cost of maintenance ............................ Total expended..... ...-----------... ..------------....... -------------.- ----- Allotted------------------------------------------------- 9. TICKFAW, NATALBANY, PONCHATOULA, AND BLOOD RIVERS, LA. The project was completed in 1891, at a saving of $2,114 under the estimated cost. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and no balance available. No work is now proposed, as the improvement is considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1925, page 824. Commercial statistics--A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 971 Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year .Tons Value 1925--..--....---------------- 47, 527 $542, 536 1928.....-------- ---------- -- 11, 706 $882, 083 1926---..---------------- 13, 082 763, 046 1929__-......... ..------------------- 9, 565 345, 558 127.......---------------------- 9, 608 902,984 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of lumber. The draft of vessels varied from 5 to 7 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $8, 115.49 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------------- 16, 980.11 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------25, 095. 60 Net total expenditures--------------------------- ---- ----- 25,095.60 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- 25,095.60 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....------------------------------------------------------ ------------ Cost of maintenance------------------- ------------------------------------------- Total expended-..........-------..----------------------------------------------------- Allotted---------------------------------- 10. AMITE RIVER AND BAYOU MANCHAC, LA. Location and description.-BayouManchac is a tributary of Amite River. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1269.) Their combined watershed area is about 1,800 square miles. Amite River has its origin in the State of Mississippi, and flows in a generally southerly direction about 170 miles to Lake Maurepas, La. It has surface widths ranging from 300 to 120 feet. Bayou Manchac has its origin in Iberville Parish, La., and flows eastwardly about 183/4 miles, discharging into Amite River about 353/4 miles above its mouth. It has surface widths ranging from 125 to 80 feet. Original condition.-A bar existed at the mouth of Amite River, over which there was a minimum depth of 5 feet. In the river itself the minimum depth up to the mouth of Bayou Manchac was 10 feet, the surface width ranging from 300 to 125 feet; for 73 miles above that point the depth ranged from 1 to 15 feet and the width from 200 to 100 feet. This river was obstructed with snags, logs, and fallen and overhanging trees. Bayou Manchac was at one time an outlet of the Mississippi River, but was closed by a dam at its upper end in 1828. A bar existed at the mouth of Bayou Manchac, over which there was a minimum depth of 4 feet. In the bayou itself the minimum depth up to Hope Villa, 7 miles above its mouth, was 8 feet, the surface width ranging from 125 to 80 feet. The bayou was navigable for 4 miles above Hope Villa, beyond which point it became dry in low water. Prior to improvement some navigation existed on Bayou Manchac and the lower Amite, a small steamer having made regular trips to Hope Villa. 972 REPORT OF ORIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930: Previous projects.-The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the removal of obstructions in Amite River, and the act of August 11, 1888, for the removal of those in Bayou Manchac; the act of July 13. 1892, provided for dredging a turning basin on Bayou Manchac at or near Wards Creek. Prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1927 the cost and expenditures were $84,143.84, of which $24,900.82 was for new work and $59,243.02 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 830 of Annual Report for 1926. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 60 feet wide and 7 feet deep at mean low water, from that depth in Lake Maurepas to Port Vincent, and for the removal of obstructions between that point and the bridge of the Lousiana Railway & Navigation Co. across Bayou Manchac. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide in Amite River is about 10 inches at the mouth and about 4 inches in Bayou Man- chac, the extreme ranges being about 14 and 6 inches, respectively. A variation of water surface of from 6 to 12 feet sometimes occurs in the upper Amite and Bayou Manchac, due to freshets. A rise of 30 inches in the lower Amite is sometimes caused by high winds. The estimated cost of new work, made in 1924, is $5,000, with average annual maintenance of $1,200. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of January 21, 1927 (H. Doc. No. 473, 68th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is a small warehouse at Clio and one at Port Vincent, and a small wharf at Maurepas. In the upper reaches where the banks are high landings are made on the bank. The terminals are considered adequate for the existing commerce. There are no wharves open to the public. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement under previous projects has resulted in a safer and better means of water transportation in both streams. Operations and results during the fiscal year.--There were no operations and no expenditures during the fiscal year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted on July 12, 1928. The controlling depths, mean low Gulf, on June 30, 1930, were as follows: Amite River, 7 feet on bar at entrance and up to mile 36; Bayou Manchac, 5 feet on bar at mouth and 6 feet to Wards Creek at mile 8. Mile 0 is at mouth of stream in each case. With the exception of the bar at mouth of Bayou Manchac, which is liable to reform after each freshet, channel con- ditions are good over the project distance. Above the mouth of Bayou Manchac, Amite River is badly obstructed and has fallen into disuse. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $3,332.86, all for new work. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $3,332.86. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended on July 1, 1930 ($581.01), in maintenance, for supervision RIVERS AND HARBORS---NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 973 and office expense, as may be necessary. It is expected that the available funds will be exhausted by January 1, 1931. The additional sum of $4,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, in maintenance dredging and snagging, as follows: Operation of one United States dredge--...------- ----------------- $3, 700 Supervision and office expense----------------------------------- 300 Total---------- ------------------------------------- 4, 000 This maintenance work will be necessary to remove shoaling at mouth of Bayou Manchac and obstructions at other points, the last work having been done in July, 1928. Co'nmercial statistics.--A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1925. -------------------- 18, 307 $288, 518 1928--------------------- 14, 228 $267,266 1926 -------------------- 11, 587 342, 142 1929....---.--------.. 18, 918 391, 624 1927----------------------.. 9, 049 400, 679 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of cordwood, crossties, and pulpwood. The draft of vessels varied from 4 to 7 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $28, 233.68 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-.----------------------- 59, 243. 02 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 87, 476. 70 Net total expenditures--- -------------------------------- 87, 476. 70 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------- 581. 01 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 --------------- 88, 057. 71 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work... Cost of maintenance --- ----------------------....... ...---------- --....--... $2,469.98 ------ $862. 88 Total expended....-...................... $10,001.30 . ....--- - 274, 61 "- 3, 058, 25 Allotted..............................------------.. ----------------- 5,000.00---..........------ 3,913.87 ..-------------- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__ ------------------ $581.01 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------------- 581.01 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - -- - ---- - - - - - __ 4, 000. 00 11. BARATARIA BAY, LA. Location and desoription.-This waterway is in Jefferson Parish, La., and extends about 37 miles in a generally southerly direction from the junction of Bayou Villars and Big Barataria Bayou, through Big Barataria Bayou, Bayou Dupont, a new canal through 1Exclusive of available funds. 974 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY: 1930 the marsh, Bayou Cutler, Bayou St. Denis, and Barataria Bay to the east end of Bayou Rigault, at Grand Isle, and connects with the Gulf of Mexico through Grand Pass. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 196.) The entire waterway is tidal and has widths in the bayous ranging from 50 to 1,800 feet, and in Barataria Bay from 5 to 7 miles. The watershed area is estimated at 1,100 square miles, inclusive of Lakes Salvador and Cataouache. Original condition.-Big Barataria Bayou was from 13 to 30 feet deep and from 350 to 900 feet wide; Bayou Dupont was from 5 to 8 feet deep and from 120 to 160 feet wide; Bayou Cutler had a least depth of 8 feet and least width of 150 feet; Bayou St. Denis, from the mouth of Bayou Cutler to Barataria Bay was from 10 to 22 feet deep and from 1,200 to 1,800 feet wide, but at the entrance to the bay there was a shoal having only 4 feet of water at times. The depths through Barataria Bay ranged from 4 to 17 feet. The channel through the bay was marked by fixed lights at the mouth of Grand Bayou, at the entrance to Bayou Rigault, and at the entrance to Grand Pass. Traffic between the Mississippi River and Grand Isle passed through Big Barataria Bayou, Bayou Rigolettes, Harvey cut-off, Lake Villere, Bayou St. Denis, Little Lake, Grand Bayou, and Bara- taria Bay. The controlling depth at low water was about 4 feet, but practically nothing during strong northerly gales. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 5 feet deep at mean low Gulf level and 50 feet wide on the bottom from the junction of Bayou Villars and Big Barataria Bayou to Grand Isle, a distance of about 37 miles. The Secretary of War is author- ized, in his discretion, to change the location of the route and in- crease the dimensions of the channel if the estimated cost of the improvement to the United States is not increased thereby. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is 12 inches at the mouth and zero at the head, and the extreme range 24 inches and 12 inches, respectively. The variation of water surface near the mouth, due to hurricanes, has been as high as 6 feet. The estimated cost of new work, for a canal 5 by 40 feet along route No. 6, revised in 1924, was $87,5. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 200, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). The only published map is in that document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, requires that no expense-shall be incurred by the U ited States for acquiring any lands and easements required for the purpose of this improvement. Interested parties secured and donated to the United States a strip of land 400 feet wide for this cut-off. Terminal facilities.-Traffic on the waterway in question is mainly tributary to New Orleans. At the latter point there are extensive public docks and warehouses open to all commerce on equal terms. For the use of such boatssas do not wish to enter the Mississippi RIVERS A>TD HARBORS---EW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 975 River the Harvey Canal provides a small terminal, which is open to users of the canal without charge. On Bayou Barataria the only public wharf is at Lafitte, this being open to all commerce without charge. Throughout Barataria Bay there exists numerous structures known as shrimp-drying plat- forms, each being privately owned. Oysters, which constitute a large proportion of the tonnage, are loaded from oyster boats di- retly onto the freight boats, the latter being anchored in the bay. Along the banks of the bayou a few stores and farms have their private wharves, and where no wharves exist supplies can, if neces- sary, be landed on the banks. At Grand Isle, a truck-gardening community, a navigation dis- trict has been organized for the purpose of constructing a canal and wharves to facilitate the handling of the products, to be open to all on equal terms, with charges only sufficient to pay for the work. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doec. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The advantages derived from the im- provement are great. The truck-farming and fishing industries of Barataria Bay are large, and entirely dependent upon -water trans- portation. The new route avoids the tortuous and shallow bayous where formerly there was a large annual loss of perishable com- modities, due to grounding of boats when wind conditions produced lower tides than usual. The distance between points on Barataria Bay and Harvey Canal has been shortened by 7 miles, and practi- cally all commerce follows this new route. Operations and results during the flscal year.-There were no operations and no expenditures during the fiscal year. ondition at end of flscal year.-The project was completed in September, 1925, at a saving of $14,462 under the estimated cost. The length of the artificial canal, officially named Dupre Cut by Jefferson Parish, the donors of the right of way, is 7.9 miles. The controlling depths at mean low Gulf on June 30, 1930, were: In Big Barataria Bayou, 13 feet; in Bayou Dupont, 5 feet; in Dupre Cut, 6 feet; in Bayou St. Denis, 10 feet; in Barataria Bay, 4 feet; avail- able throughout the year. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $73,081.76, of which $73,037.11 was for new work and $44.65 for maintenance. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $73,081.76. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance un- expended on July 1, 1930 ($6,000), in maintenance dredging, as follows: Operation of 1 United States dredge-------------------------------- $5, 500 Supervision and office expense ------------------------------- 500 Total------------------------------------------------------- 6, 000 It is expected that the funds will be exhausted at the rate of $6,000 per month, beginning March 1, 1931. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. 11714----ENG 1930---62 976 RPOrT OF OBIEF OF ENGINEERB8,o . ARMY, 19 0 Commercia statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1925-------------------- 142, 795 $12,348, 750 1928------------------- 105, 388 8,103, 352 1926 -------------------- 117,419 9, 031, 788 1929 ----- _-------340, 784 13, 477,349 1927 -------------------- 99, 331 7, 051, 615 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of sea foods, sugar, lumber, crude oil, fuel ,oil, gasoline, sand and gravel, and iron and steel. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 5i feet. Cost and filnanial sun'mary Cost cof new work to June 30, 1930 ------------------- ---- $73, 037. 11 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_------------------ ..... - 44. 65 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930- --------- 73, 081.76 Net t4otal expenditures---- ---------------------------- 3, 081. 76 Unexjpended balance June 30, 1930--.. --.....-...- -- 6, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_----------- 79, 081.76 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..-------------------- $11, 930. 64 ......................... ,Costofmaintenance------------------------------- $44. 65----- ----------------------- Total expended..-.-..-...-.... .-_ .... 11, 930. 64 44.65 -$3, 313. 18 ......-........... Allotted...----------------------------------- ..........-- -3, 313.18-----------$6, 000.00 ............---------- Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-------------------- $6, 000. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 .............--- _ 6, 000. 00 12. BAYOU LAFOURCHE, LA. The existing project, except for the construction of the lock, was completed in 1896. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and no balance is available. No work is now proposed, as the improvement is considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full description of this project, see Annual Report for 1925, page 833. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1925..............---------------------. 96, 422 $3,940, 946 1928-.--...--.------ 126, 312 $2,352, 619 1926-------------------- 43, 605 1,319, 886 1929...-------------------- 163, 287 2, 438, 290 1927- --------------------- 62,337 1,146,666 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of oysters, shrimps, shells, sugar, sirup and molasses, sugar cane, crude oil, and fuel oil. The draft of vessels varied fron 23 to 5 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 977 Cost and ftnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 935.48 $--------------------------25 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 15, 445. 38 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 268, 380. 86 Net total expenditures--------------------------------- 268, 380. 86 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------------- 268, 380. 86 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 ..-----.........--....-- Cost of new work----------.....-----------....--..---------........... -------------------------- Cost of maintenance..... ...........................----- ----------------- Total expended---------------------..----------- -----.-.-------- Allotted..................--- -- -- -.-.-..-- -.-- --- 13. LITTLE CAILLOU BAYOU, LA. Location and description.-Little Caillou Bayou has its source in Bayou Terrebonne 41/2 miles below Houma, La., and flows 32.8 miles in a southerly direction, emptying into Terrebonne Bay, an arm of the Gulf of Mexico. The entire waterway is tidal. (See Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 198.) Original condition.-In 1882 the section from the head to about 10 miles below was not navigable; the next 4' miles downstream had been dredged by private parties to a cross section of 4 by 25 feet; and the remaining length had sufficient width and depth for naviga- tion which then existed. Since 1882 the upper 10 miles of the bayou has been dredged by private parties, and there is now a continuous channel with a least depth of 21/2 feet at ordinary low water. Previous project.-None. Existing project.-This provides for improvement from the head to Robinson Canal, about 20 miles, by removing obstructions and by #dredging, to obtain a channel 5 feet deep at mean low water by 40 feet wide on the bottom. The normal fluctuation of tide is 3 to 6 inches, but winds may raise or lower the water surface about 1 foot. The estimate of cost of new work is $85,000 and $3,000 annually for maintenance. These estimates were made in 1922. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927 (H. Com. Doc. No. 5, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). Recommended modifications of project.-- one. Local cooperation.-Local interests are required to furnish, with- out cost to the United States, all land and spoil areas required for the work, to make any necessary changes in bridges, and to keep the waterway free of water hyacinths. Terminal facilities.-There are no wharves or terminals along the bayou. Freight is unloaded directly on or from the banks, and sugar cane is handled by means of stationary derricks. These methods are satisfactory for the demands of commerce. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made it possible for larger boats to use the stream. Operations and results during the fiscal year.--From July 1 to July 15 and from September 14 to October 21, 1929, as new work, the 978 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. :S. ARVIY 1930 U. S. pipe-line dredge Delatour obtained the project dimensions from mile 16.16 to mile 20.6 at Robinson Canal, thus completing the project. There were removed 229,985 cubic yards of material, chiefly sand, clay, and mud, of which 124,044 cubic yards were from the theo- retical prism and 105,941 cubic yards from beyond these limits. The total costs were $17,125.67, all for new work. The total expenditures were $24,232.32. Condition t end of fiscal year.-In 1928 and 1929 obstructions were removed and the channel was dredged from the head of the bayou to Robinson Canal, 20.6 miles, obtaining a channel 5 feet deep at mean low Gulf by 40 feet deep on the bottom and completing the project, at a saving of $7,238.96 under the estimated cost. The con- trolling depth on June 30, 1930, was 5 feet, available throughout the year. The bayou is navigable throughout its length. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $77,761.04, all for new work. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $77,761.04. Proposed op rations.-It is proposed to expend the balance unex- pended on July 1, 1930, $7,238.96, in maintenance and for super- vision and office expense, as follows: Operation of one United States dredge ..______- - -- __-- $6, 000. 00 Supervision and office expense__ 238.96 1_________________ Total- ----------------------------------------- 7, 238.96 It is expected that the funds will be exhausted at the rate of $6,000 per month beginning February 1, 1931. No additional funds cani be" profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as this maintenance work will leave the new channel in fairly stable condition. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past year is as follows: Calendar year Tons Value 1929--------------------------------------------------------------- 28,614 $539,809 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of shrimp, oysters, shells, and sugarcane. The draft of.vessels:varied from 2 to 4% feet. Cost and financial sunvmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 --- __ ____$77, 761. 04 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_________ Net total expenditures___________-____________ 77, 761. 04 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--_____------ ______________ 7, 238. 96 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--______________ 85, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--------------------------------------.-- -- -----... $60, 635. 37 $17, 125. 67 Cost of maintenance .-- _---- . .---- ---- ---------- .---------- - - ------- Total expended--.--------------------------. 5 P 3 2 . 24, 232. 32 Allotted-------------------------------------------- $85, 000. 00 .. RIVERS AND BARBORS---NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 979 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929. -------------------------- $31,471.28 Gross amount expended--_---- -------------------------- 24, 232. 32 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------------- 7, 238. 96 14. BAYOU TERREBONNE, LA. Location and description.-Bayou Terrebonne rises in Lafourche Parish. La., and flows 53 miles in a southerly direction, discharging into Terrebonne Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1116.) It is partly tidal and has surface widths up to Houma, La., ranging from 50 to 200 feet. Its watershed area is 115 square miles. Original condition.-At low water this bayou was practically dry from its source to Houma, a distance of 16 miles, and at Houmna it was only 10 feet wide and 6 inches deep. Prior to the adoption of this improvement by the river and harbor act of 1880 private parties excavated a channel from a, point about 3 miles above Houma to some distance below; this was 30 to 40 feet wide and 21/2 feet deep. From Houma to the mouth the depth .n shoals in the first 5 miles was 2 feet; below this the depth ranged from 4 to 8 feet, with 20 feet in the last mile; the surface width ranged from 40 to 200 feet. Con- siderable commerce was carried on up to Houma when the tide permitted. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, made the first appropriation, and in 1909 an allotment was made from the emergency appropriation act of March 3, 1905. Prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910 the total cost and ex- penditures were $47,063.83, all for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1851 of the Annual Report for 1915. Existing p oject.-This provides for a channel of suitable width and a depth of 6 feet at mean low Gulf, from Bush Canal, 12.9 miles from the mouth of the bayou, to the St. Louis Cypress Co.'s bridge at Houma, La., a distance of 24.11 miles. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is about 10 inches at the mouth and 4 inches at Houma, the extreme range of tide bing;aboii 14 inc:he and 6 inches, respectively. The variation of water surface in the upper portion of Bayou Terrebonne is from 3 to 4 feet, due to floods; in the lower portion from 1 to 3 feet, due to wind and tide. The esti- mate, adopted in 1910, for new work, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, was $50,000, increased in 191.2 to $75,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the present project (H. Doc. No. 1163, 60th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 25, 1912, amended by the act of March 4, 1913, provided that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands re- quired for the purpose of improvement. The latest published map is printed opposite page 2449 of the Annual Report for 1916. Recommended mod f cations of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, amended the provisos as to locl'cs c tincarried, inthe: ats of 1910 and 1912, so that the present requirement is that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands 980 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENG riEERS, . JS..ARMY, 193 0 needed for the purpose of improvement. The necessary easements, have been obtained from the riparian owners. Terminal facilities.-There is a small private wharf at Montegut, La., and several small ones at Houma. In general, boats land and discharge their freight on the bank. At the town of Houma there is an interchange of freight between the Daigle Barge Line and the Southern Pacific Railroad; through rates apply on the bayou. The Daigle Co. owns a well-constructed covered wharf; five South- ern Pacific spur tracks lead to this wharf; unloading is effected by means of two inclined unloading conveyors of the endless-chain variety operated by steam. Barrels or sacks are carried from the barges by means of the conveyors to the top of the wharf and are loaded directly into cars. The terminal facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. There are no wharves open to the public. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-As a result of the improvement, naviga- tion on the bayou has been made easier and more reliable. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-There were no. operations during the fiscal year. There were no expenditures during the fiscal year. Condition at end of fiscal ye a.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1916, at a saving of $1,975 under the estimated cost. The- controlling depth on June 30, 1930, was 5 feet, available through- out the year. The head of navigation is at Houma, La. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $138,022.63, of which $73,024.88 was for new work and $64,997.75 for maintenance. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $138,022.63. Proposed operations.--There are no funds available. The sum of $4,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, in maintenance dredging and snagging as follows: Operation of 1 United States dredge--------------------------- $3,700 Supervision and office expense ------------------------- - 300 Total ------------------------------------------------- 4, 000k This maintenance work, consisting of dredging and removing snags;, will be necessary, as no -work has been done on this project since 1916. Commercial statistics.-A.comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1925--------------------- 51, 509 $3, 380,217 1928- . ---- -------- 39, 475 $1, 050, 948 1926--------------------- 39, 652 857, 860 1929 .............--------------------- 77, 165 1, 154, 973- 1927--------- -------- 34,383 724,820 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of oysters, shells, sugar, molasses and sirup,. sugarcane, logs (rafted), crude oil, and fuel oil. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 5/ feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS--NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 981 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------ $120, 088. 71 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 64, 997. 75. Total cost of permanent w6rk to June 30, 1930------------- 185, 086. 46 Net total expenditures--- --------------------- ----- ---- 185, 086. 46; Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- 185, 086. 46 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---------- ----------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance------------------ $29, 878. 65 $5, 414.92 -$477.37 ........................ Total expended_.----------------------- 29,878. 65 5, 414.92 -$477.37.---------------------- Allotted................... ............ . ......... - $ -- Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance---------------------------------------$4, 000 15. BIG PIGEON AND LITTLE PIGEON BAYOUS, LA. Location amd description.-Big Pigeon and Little Pigeon Bayous lie in the south central part of Louisiana. Big Pigeon Bayou con- nects Grand River and Grand Lake, its flow comes from the main Atchafalaya system, the direction of flow reverses with a change of condition in that system, and the quantity of flow at low and high water is very irregular. Its length is 18 miles, depth 8 t6 23 feet, width 150 to 225 feet. Little Pigeon Bayou connects Big Pigeon Bayou at Mile 31/2 with Grand Lake, its flow also reverses under changed conditions. Its length is 81/2 miles, depth 7 to 10 feet, width 130 to 180 feet. Both streams traverse timbered country and have low banks. Original condition.-Both streams were very much obstructed with fallen and overhanging trees, stumps, and snags. The controlling depth in each was 5 feet at mean water. Previous projects.-None. .Existing project.-This provides for the removal of obstructions in Big Pigeon and Little Pigeon Bayous throughout their entire length. The variation of water surface due to floods from the Atchafalaya River is from 1 to 5 feet. There is no approved estimate of cost for new work, nor for annual maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, and subsequent acts authorized the use of funds for maintenance. The latest published map is printed opposite page 2442, Annual Report for 1916. These bayous were formerly carried under the part of project "Bayou Plaquemine, Grand River and Pigeon Bayous, La." Bayou Plaquemine and Grand River form a part of the Louisiana and Texas Intracoastal Waterway from Mississippi River at or near New Orleans, La., to Corpus Christi, Tex. (New Orleans-Sabine River section), and are included therein. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. 982 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The channel has been partially cleared of obstructions, thus facilitating the removal of timber from the Atchafalaya Basin. Operations and results during the fiscal year.--None. Condition at end of fiscal year.--On June 30, 1930, the controlling depth on Big Pigeon Bayou was 8 feet in stream and 5 feet at Grand Lake entrance; and in Little Pigeon Bayou, 7 feet, evailable through- out the year. The channels are somewhat obstructed by snags. The total cost under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year has been $24,371.31, all for maintenance. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $24,371.31. Proposed operations.--tis proposed to expend the balance on July 1, 1930, $8,069.41, in maintenance work as follows: Operation of 1 United States snag boat--------------------------- $7, 500 00 Supervision and office expenses------------------------------------ 569. 41 Total------------------------------ ---------------------- 8, 069. 41 It is expected that the available funds will be expended at the rate of $4,500 per month beginning August 1, 1930, and will be exhausted by October 1, 1930. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as the maintenance work during 1931 should be sufficient until about 1935. Commercial statistics.-See report on Louisiana and Texas Intracoastal Waterway. Cost and financia summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------------------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------- $24, 371.31 Net total expenditures -------------------------- 24, 371. 31 UTJnexpended balance June 30, 1930(---------------------------- 8, 069.41 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 --------------- 32,440. 72 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of newwork........................ .. ..:1 .. .. .I.. 1.. ...... Cost of maintenance---------------__----------__ . $3,096.92 $5,018. 19 -............ ........ 'Total expended.--------------------------- ------..- . 3, 096. 92 5 018. 19 .......--. ... i--------- Allotted----------------------------------- 3,096.92-- ........... ..........------------------- .... I............ Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ----------------- $8, 069. 41 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ----- _____- _________ - 8,069. 41 RIVERS AND HARBORS---NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 983 16. BAYOU GROSSETETE, LA. Location and description.-Bayou Grossetete rises in Pointe Coupee Parish, La., and extends in a generally southeastern direction, entering Bayou Plaquemine 8 miles below Plaquemine Lock. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1116 for mouth and Geo- logical Survey map, Bayou Sara Quadrangle (La.) for the bayou above the improvement.) The length of the stream is about 40 miles and the length of the section under improvement is 29 miles, extend- ing from the mouth to.5 miles above Maringouin, La. The width varies from 40 feet in the upper portions to 300 feet at the mouth. The stream is partly tidal at low water and has a watershed area of approximately 520 square miles. The discharge at low water is 78 second-feet, at high water 7,800 second-feet, and at average stage 650 second-feet. Original condition.-This stream was badly obstructed by over- hanging trees, logs, trestles, and sand bars. During low water the stream was navigable for only 21/2 miles above the mouth. The first trestle at mile 12 had no opening wider than 16 feet. At mile 20 there was a trestle with no openings of any kind for navigation. Near the 23-mile point there was located a sawmill, which used the bayou as a storage pond for logs, closing the stream to navigation. From the mouth to the head of propgsed improvement (about the. 29-mile point) the depth varied from a few inches to 10 feet at mean low water, with widths of 40 to 100 feet in the cenrtral and upper portions and over 300 feet near the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for improving the stream for a distance of 29 miles from its mouth to a point 5 miles above Marin- gouin, La., by removing snags and trees and by dredging a channel 60 feet wide on bottom and 5 feet deep at mean low water. Mean low water is 2 feet above mean low Gulf level. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is about 3 inches at the mouth and nothing at the head, and the extreme range about 6 inches at the mouth. The variation of waterr surface due to flood conditions may be from 2 to 8 feet. The estimate of cost adopted in 1912 was $18,000 for new work and $500 for annual maintenance; the estimate fornew work was increased. in 1914 to $30,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912. (H. Doec. No. 348, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is printed opposite page 2540 of the Annual Report for 1917. Recommended modiflcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no wharves on the bayou. The banks are firm and high. The steamboats and launches operating on the stream are provided with gangplanks and unload their cargoes at any desired point, carrying the freight by hand into the stores, which are generally on the bank of the bayou. There are a few small cane hoists along the bayou and a large one at Slack's mill for unloading cane from barges. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Dec. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) 984 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Effect of improvement.-The stream has been cleared of its greatest hindrances to navigation, namely, shoals, snags, and overhanging trees, which prevented traffic at low stage of water. It is now pos- sible for the bayou craft to operate for 29 miles at all seasons of the year. The barging of cane, which occurs during the low-water period, has greatly increased and extended to points on the upper Grossetete. Other products can be brought to market more easily and the towage of lumber will be uninterrupted. Operations and results during the fiscal year.--There were no op- erations and no expenditures during the fiscal year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 60 per cent completed, that portion of the stream above mile 10.3 remaining to be dredged 20 feet wider. A channel 5 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide on bottom was completed in 1914, and from that point to the head of the project a 5 by 40 foot chan- nel was dredged in 1916 and redredged in 1923. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1930, from the mouth to the head of the project, was 5 feet, available throughout the year. The channel is in good condition. The head of navigation for boat traffic is at mile 29. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $45,863.93, of which $29,392.49 was for new work and $16,471.44 for maintenance. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $45,863.93. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available. The sum of $6,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 in maintenance dredging and snagging, as follows: Operation of one United States dredge _____ ____-__-________ _ $5, 500 Supervision and office expense-------------------------------- 500 Total ------------------------------------------- 6, 000 This maintenance work, consisting of dredging and removing snags, will be necessary, as no work has been done on this project since 1923. Commercial statistios.---A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1925 -------------------- 144, 248 $1, 111,903 1928....--------------------- 89,220 $603, 500 1926_ ----------------- 113, 536 869, 418 1929 --------------------- 92, 691 448,166 1927 --------------------- 40,335 368, 055 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of sugarcane and logs. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 5 feet. Cost and financual summary -Costof new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $29, 392. 49 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---- ----------------- 16, 471.44 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ---- -- 45, 863. 93 Net total expenditures --------- ,_-------- -- 45,863.93 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------------- - 45,863. 93 RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 985 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--------------................ .--......... -------------------......... --------------------------- Cost of maintenance--------------......-------........------------------............ ........ -136.07---------- Total expended----------........ ---------...--.-----------...........--- ---- 136.07----------- --- Allotted----------------------..........................---- ------- ---- _-------136.07 ..--- --- ----------- Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance------------- ----------------------- $6, 000 17. BAYOU TECHE, LA. Location and description.-Bayou Teche has its source in Bayou Courtableau, in St. Landry Parish, and flows in a southeasterly direc- tion a distance of 125 miles, to where it joins the lower Atchafalaya River, about 101/2 miles above Morgan City, La. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey,QaCrt No. 111.) The portion under improve- ment is from its mouth to Arnaudville, La., a distance of 106 miles. Bayou Teche is tidal to Keystone Lock, and above that lock varies with the pool level. The bayou has surface widths of 50 to 350 feet and a watershed area of 320 square miles. Original condition.-Bayou Teche was navigable during high water to its head at Bayou Courtableau. An examination in 1880 showed the bed of the stream just below Bayou Courtableau to be several feet above low-water stage and in places overgrown with trees and under- brush. The stream has been shoaling for years, due to sediment carried into it from drainage ditches and the washing of banks. There was formerly a channel 4 feet deep, at mean low water. to St. Martinville, 751/2 miles above its mouth, which was obstructed with logs, snags, fallen and overhanging trees, and wrecks. At high water boats ascended to Breaux Bridge, about 15 miles farther. Previous projects.-The first examination of Bayou Teche was undertaken under authority of the river and harbor act March 2, 1829. The original project for improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 11, 1870, and appropriations made from time to time thereafter until the adoption of the existing project by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. Prior to the adop- tion of the project of 1870, $700 was expended for surveys. The cost and expenditures under the project of 1870 were $45,004.43 for new work, making the total cost and expenditures $45,704.43 prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1890. For further details of previous project see page 1851, Annual Report for 1915. Eiisting project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep and 80 feet wide on the bottom from the mouth of stream to New Iberia, La., 54.5 miles, thence 6 feet deep and 60 feet wide on the bottom to Keystone Lock, 18 miles, and thence 6 feet deep and 50 feet wide on the bottom to Arnaudville, La., 34 miles, to be secured by dredging, removing snags and overhanging trees, and construction of a look :and dam and other regulating works. The plane of reference is mean Gulf level. The lock is at Keystone Plantation, 72 miles above the mouth of the bayou and 4 miles above New Iberia, La., by road or 18 miles by water. It consists of partly solid and partly reinforced concrete walls and floor on pile foundation and has two 986 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1930 sets of timber miter gates, a length between miter sills of 183 feet 103/4 inches, a clear width of 36 feet, a depth over sill at mean Gulf of 8 feet, and a lift of 8 feet. The dam is of the timber rock-filled type, 175 feet long, with a crest 8 feet above mean Gulf level, and rests on a pile foundation. The lock and dam were completed June 30, 1913, at a cost of $257,720.48. An auxiliary dam about 5 miles from Arnaudville, La., across Bayou Vermilion, 135 feet from the junction of Bayous Fusilier and Borbeaux, controlling the flow between Bayous Teche and Vermilion, is 73 feet long, with a 28-foot spillway. There are also four controlling gates, each 31/2 feet in the clear, in Spanish Lake Canal, between Bayou Teche and Spanish Lake, about 1 mile from Keystone Lock, La. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is about 10 inches at the mouth, 4 inches just below the lock, and zero above the lock, the extreme range of tide being about 12 inches, 6 inches, and zero, respectively. The variation of the water surface in Bayou Teche above Keystone Lock due to freshets is from 2 to 7 feet, while just below the lock it has been as high as 12 or 15 feet and near the mouth about 4 or 5 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1928, is $850,000, ex- clusive of amount expended on previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance from mouth to Arnaudville is $6,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, pro- vided for the limitation of expenditure of funds by the improve- ment of the stream from its mouth to St. Martinville by removing snags and other obstructions and by dredging (Annual Report for 1889, p. 1532); the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, provided for the construction of the lock and dam and the extension of the improvement to Arnaudville (H. Doc. No. 527, 59th Cong., 1st sess.); the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, provided for the increased channel dimensions from the mouth to Keystone Lock (H. Doc. No. 1329, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 288, Sixty-sixth Congress, first session. Recommended modiflcations of project.-None. Locad cooperation.-Expenditurefor 6-foot navigation to Arnaud- ville, La., was " contingent upon all lands necessary for lock and dampuirpose ancadmanal feede eirng deeded to the United States free of cost, and upon the United States being secured against pos- sible claims for damages resulting from the overflow of lands by reason of lock and dam improvement or from the draining of Span- ish Lake." The land for lock and dam site was deeded to the United States in 1909. Personal bonds, dated August 4, 1909, were given to the amount of $10,000 to secure the United States against the above-mentioned claims and were accepted September 29, 1909. The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, provided "that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands or easements required for the purpose of this improvement." Terminal facilities.-Between the mouth and Breaux Bridge there are a few small private wharves. Steamboats operating on the bayou load or discharge their cargo directly on the banks by means of a gangplank. The sugar refineries, which are numerous, generally RIVERS AND HARBORS-~-EW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 987 have warehouses on the bayou bank with small wharves leading to the water's edge. There are several small cane derricks; at the refineries there are generally large crane hoists or aerial tramways operated by steam or electricity for transferring cane from barges to the refineries. Just above Franklin, La., at the Sterling Sugar Refinery, there is an interchange of freight between the Franklin & Abbeville Railroad and the E. C. T&aylor Co. (Inc.) barge line. Through rates exist from the mouth to Jeanerette, at which point there is a slip about 400 feet long, the Franklin & Abbeville Railroad tracks paralleling the slip. Barges are towed to this slip and cargo is transferred from barge to car by means of conveyors. Sawmills have their own log-handling facilities. The terminal facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. Practically all wharves are privately owned, but public landing is permitted with- out charge. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-This improvement connects with Plaque- mine waterway and the Mississippi River and gives a through water- way to New Orleans, La. The ;increased dimensions of the channel have reduced the cost of transportation by making it possible for larger boats, barges, and tows to operate. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-There were no operations during the fiscal year. The total cost for work performed during the year was minus $77.57, for new work. The total expenditures were minus $44,632.63. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The lock and dam were com- pleted in 1913. The dredging and snagging done in 1916 completed that part of the existing project for the 6 by 50 foot channel from Arnaudville to Keystone Lock. The contract dredging done in 1918 to 1920 completed that part of the previous project for a 6 by 50 foot channel from Keystone Lock to mile 39.7 above the mouth. The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, authorized an increase in bottom width to 60 feet for the channel from Keystone Lock to New Iberia, on which no work has yet been done; it also authorized an 8 by 80 foot channel from New Iberia to the mouth, which is about 98 per cent completed. From the mouth to mile 5.8 a channel 8 by 80 feet or greater already existed, and a new .channel has been excavated 8 by 80 feet from this point to mile 50.06, about 3.65 miles below New Iberia, and 8 by 60 feet from this point to New Iberia. The lock and dam are in good condition. The channel conditions are good from the mouth to St. Martinsville and fair from there to Arnaudville. The controlling depths on June 30, 1930, at mean Gulf level were: Mouth to New Iberia, 8 feet; New Iberia to Breaux Bridge, 6 feet; Breaux Bridge to Arnaudville, 4 feet; available throughout the year. The work required to complete the project is the widening of the channel to a bottom width of 80 feet from mile 50.06 to New Iberia, and to a bottom width of 60 feet from New Iberia to Keystone Lock. The whole project is about 90 per cent completed. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $812,195.46, of which $705,093.73 was for new work and $107,101.73 for maintenance. 88 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ~IRY, 1:930 The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $802,406.25. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance on July 1, 1930 ($77,275.50), as follows: Completing the 8-foot channel up to New Iberia, by Government plant, as follows: Operation of 1 United States dredge --------- ------ $16, 000.00 Supervision and office expense------------------------------- 1, 275. 50 Total---------------------------------------------------- 17, 275. 50 Available for reallotment- 0, 000. 00 6-------------------------- No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as the channel will be adequate for existing commerce. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1925....------ ----------- 241, 468 $4, 909, 270 1928.... ----------------- -121, 455 $2, 761, 498 ------ 1926...................... 143, 763 2, 630, 695 ------------------ 1929.... , 181, 593 3, 031, 949 1927...................... 74, 476 2, 532, 759 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of shells, sugar cane, rice, sugar, molasses, and sirup, cotton, logs, and fuel oil. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 6 feet. Cost. and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930$--------------------------750, 798. 16 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------------107, 101. 73 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 -- -------- 857, 899. 89 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930-------.---- 534. 04 Net total cost to June 30, 193- --- 858, 433. 93 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930------- -------------- 467. 08 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930--------------------- 858, 901. 01 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930----------------------- 10, 790. 33 Net total expenditures- -------------------------- 848, 110. 68 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------77, 275. 50 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------925, 386. 18 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ------------------ $19, 577. 03 $98, 757. 48 $35, 026. 16 $6, 620. 34--- Cost of maintenance- -- - - - - . .. . __-... ...... ........ i......- -$77. 57 Total expended.......................... - 19, 577.03 98,757.48 23,786.77 3,909.42 -44,632.63 Allotted--------------------___-- ...... 40, 000.00 33,000.00 125,264.63 _.. I RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 989 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------ ---------------------- $32, 642. 87 Gross amount expended---------------------- $6, 296.51 Less receipts from sales----------------50, 929. 14 - -44, 632. 63 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------- __. - 77, 275. 50 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------ 10, 566.41 Balance available June 30, 1930 ---- __------- -------- 66, 709. 09 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------------------- 467.08 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 ------------------ 67, 176. 17 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion - - - - - - - - - - _- - - - - - - - - 1 28 , 00 0 00 of existing project 1 _ ____ . 18. OPERATING AND CARE OF PLAQUEMINE LOCK, LA. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for the Louisiana and Texas intracoastal waterway from the Mississippi River at or near New Orleans, La., to Corpus Christi, Tex. (New Orleans-Sabine River section). See pages 994 to 1002 of this report, where general information may be found. The completed lock has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since July 1, 1909. Operations and results during fiscdl year.-The lock and grounds were maintained in good condition and all necessary routine work thereon performed. There were 3,674 boats and rafts passed through the lock. Lock gates were cleaned and painted on the upper 33 feet. Dwelling No. 1 was moved to new location near east end of ware- house on account of change in levee location, new foundation was built for dwelling. Minor repairs were made as necessary to build- ings, lock machinery, lock walls, lock gates, grounds, and fences. Grass and weeds on reservation were kept cut. Extensive repairs and remodeling were done to U. S. spray barge Chene. Minor repairs were made on U. S. dredge Grossetete and miscellaneous carpenter work done for U. S. dredge Delatourr. Protection railing was placed on lock walls and new guard fencing placed on runways on tops of gates. The U. S. quarterboat Lataria was constructed on barge No. 39. From August 6 to 28, 1929, the U. S. pipe-line dredge Delatour removed 39,000 cubic yards of sand and mud from the lock chamber and entrances. The total costs were $26,623.41, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $24,361.23. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The work of securing the entrance to Bayou Plaquemine against caving was completed in 1894. This consisted of five submerged spur dikes, 900 feet apart, with intervals protected by revetment; all are in good condition. The lock was completed in 1909 and the approaches, dredging and fill in 1911, completing the project. The lock is equipped with a power house and office building, two lockmasters' dwellings, blacksmith shop, storehouse, workshop, and several outhouses, all in good condition. The United States reservation comprises 19 acres. The controlling depth on June 30, 1930, was 10 feet at low water. 1Exclusive of available funds. '990 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.: S ARMY, 1930 The total costs to the end of the fiscal year were $518,512.45, all for maintenance. The total expenditures to the end of the fiscal year were $524,820.83. Proposed operations.-The lock and grounds will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commnercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar Tons Value Passengers Calendar Tons Value Passengers year year 194, 234 1925 --------....... $7, 254, 762 67 1928..---------.... 237, 551 $12, 138, 156 190 1926---------- 180,328 12,521, 798 71 1929---------- 190,130 13, 563, 094 176 1927--------- . 138,085 7, 197, 049 234 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of sugar, logs, fuel oil, coal, and iron and steel. Cost and finanefidl summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 - __ __--------- $518, 512.45 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ------- -7, 570. 62 ---- Net total cost to June 30, 1930 -------------------- -526, 083. 07 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930--------------------------__ 612. 19 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930________-_______---_ 526, 695. 26 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 -___------___- --- _ 1, 874. 43 Net total expenditures------ ------------------------ 524,820.83 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ----- _____-- __--- ______ _ 4, 553.67 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_----_-----_- 529,374. 50 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_..- ----------- _ ------------------ Cost of maintenance----.....--- -------------- $20, 152. 09 $21, 827.95 $24, 521.22 $24, 022. 53 $26, 623. 41 Total expended.-------- ...--------------- 20, 152.00 21, 827. 95 32, 623.04 22, 727. 96 24, 361.23 Allotted.........-------.......----------------------- 22, 000. 00 20, 000. 00 31,400.00 20, 000.00 22,500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------------------- $6, 414. 90 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, March 3, 1909------------------------ 22, 00 500. Amount to be accounted for_.__-- __-. ___- ________ 28, 914. 90 Gross amount expended_-----------_------------ - $24, 361. 73 Less receipts from sales------------------------------.. 50 24, 361. 23 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_ ----- ___-______ 4, 553. 67 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----- ____--------____ 2, 750. 94 Balance available June 30, 19-----------_________________ 1, 802. 73 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930-_________ -____ -___-_____ ., 612. 19 Unobligated balance available June 30, 19380.__- ______- 2, 414.92 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931.--- .27, 500. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931---------- - 29,914.92 RIVERS AND HARBORS---EW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 991 19. OPERATING AND CARE OF KEYSTONE LOCK, BAYOU TECHE, LA. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Bayou Teche, La. See pages 985 to 989 of this report, where general information may be found. The com- pleted lock and dam have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since July 1, 1913. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The lock, dam, and grounds were maintained in good condition and all necessary routine work thereon performed. There were 219 boats passed through the lock. Lockman's quarters were painted, new roof constructed on lock- master's quarters and on blacksmith shop. Lock walls were scraped and washed, lock gates tarred, and all iron and machinery about lock cleaned and painted. Planted 11 trees on reservation. Cleaned all ditches. Grass and weeds were kept cut. In November and December, 1929, heavy hyacinth jams were removed from above and below the dam. Minor repairs were made as necessary to buildings, lock gates and machinery, and fences. The total costs were $3,597.54, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $3,607.03. Conditions at end of fiscal year.-The lock and dam were com- pleted in 1913; the lock is in good condition. The United States reservation comprises 12.27 acres, on which have been built three dwellings and the necessary storehouses and buildings, all of which are in good condition. The controlling depth on June 30, 1930, was 8 feet at mean Gulf level. The total costs to the end of the fiscal year were $71,547.07, all for maintenance. The total expenditures to the end of the fiscal year were $71,287.71. Proposed operations.-The lock, dam, and grounds will be oper- ated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Ca dar Calendar Tons Value Passengers Calendar Candar Tons- Value Passengers year year 1925 ......____ 2, 176 $203,490 24 1928__________ 2,173 $32, 660 38 3 1926--- __......... 3, 013 233, 071 116 1929 _________ 1,692 19, 320 :1927-...-------- 2,221 94,014 190 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of logs. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------ --- _-- ----- ___ $71, 547.07 -Minus accounts payable June 30, 1030 ------------ ___ ____ 259. 36 Net total expenditures__-----------------_ 71, 287. 71 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 1, 703.80 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----__----____ 72, 991.51 11714---ENG 1930---63 992 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work-----------------...- ----------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance-------------------- $3, 437. 73 $3, 690.88 $6, 096. 76 $3,492.20 $3, 597. 64 Total expended-..----------------------- 3, 437. 73 3, 690. 88 6, 067. 46 3, 522. 08 3, 607. 03 Allotted.--------------------------------- 3, 500. 00 3, 500. 00 11,500.00 ------------ 2, 500.00, Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------------- $2, 810.83. Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909------------------------------- 2, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for------ --------------------- 5, 310. 83 Gross amount expended---___ --------------------------- 3, 607. 03 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 1, 703. 809 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---------------------------- 328. 41 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------------------- 1,375. 39, Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931-------------------- -------- 2,500. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931---------------------- 3, 875. 39 20. ATCHAFALAYA RIVER, MORGAN CITY TO THE GULF OF MEXICO, LA. Location and description.--The Atchafalaya River is an outlet of the Mississippi as well as of the Red River. It begins at Old River,. on the northern boundary of Pointe Coupee Parish and flows gen- erally south a distance of about 170 miles and empties into Atcha- falaya Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico. The section under im- provement is from the 20-foot contour in Atchafalaya Bay, 4 miles. beyond the mouth of the Atchafalaya River, to the 20-foot contour in the Gulf of Mexico, a distance of about 153/4 miles. (See U. S.. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1116.) Original condition.-The natural 20-foot channel extended 4 miles. from the mouth of the river into Atchafalaya Bay. From this point to the. 20-foot contour in the Gulf of Mexico, a distance of 153/4 miles, the available depth was only 7 feet at mean low water. Private parties had dredged two channels through this bay to deep water in the Gulf in order to give an outlet for a considerable commerce- originating at or near Morgan City. These channels were dredged to depths of 10 feet and 14 feet, respectively. The older or 10-foot channel had filled and practically disappeared, and the above avail- able depth obtained in the newer channel. The Atchafalaya River,. from Morgan City to the mouth, was navigable for all steamers that could enter the river. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--This provides for a channel 20 feet deep and 200 feet wide, extending from the 20-foot contour 4 miles beyond the mouth of the Atchafalaya River to the 20-foot contour in the Gulf of Mexico, the total length of channel being 153/4 miles. The project depth refers to mean low water. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is about 10 inches, the extreme range of tide. about 14 inches. During the hurricane of August, 1915, there was a rise of tide of about 10 feet. The estimated cost adopted in 1910 was $500,000 for new work. The latest (1916) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $120,000. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 993 The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 669, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map accompanies House Document No. 410, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are wharves located at Morgan City, at which place there are several small private wharves and two large and three small public wharves open to the use of all without charge. There are no warehouses needed, as the business section is on the river front and all freight is transferred directly from boats to stores. The terminals are considered adequate for the existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Owing to the impossibility of maintain- ing the project channel through the shoal in Atchafalaya Bay, this improvement has been of practically no effect. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions and no expenditures during the fiscal year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1914. The controlling depth, when last ascertained in March, 1922, was 6 feet over a short distance about 2 miles seaward of Eugene Light. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $654,728.37, of which $501,963.23 was for new work and $152,765.14 for maintenance. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $654,728.37. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as the volume and type of traffic utilizing this waterway is not suffi- cient to justify the heavy cost of maintaining the project dimensions. Commercial statistics.--A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement ATCHAFALAYA BAY SHIP CHANNEL Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1925 ............ ... ___ 149, 385 $266, 138 1928...........--------...... 681, 869 $407, 759 1926. -172, _. 567 302, 913 1929 --------....................... 521,681 300,840 1927- .. 278,684 1,819,529 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of shells. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 6 feet. ENTERING AND LEAVING MORGAN CITY, LA. Calendar Tons Value Passengers Calendar Tons Value Passengers 1925---------- 777, 211 $2, 638, 568 --- _-------1928_ -.... 916, 297 $1, 581, 580 93, 397 1926--....... 793, 054 4, 221, 735- --. . 1929---.... -537, 915 1, 016, 128 108, 188 1927----......--... 729, 524 2, 643, 004 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of shells, oysters, rice, logs, and fuel oil. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 6 feet. 994 REPORT OF CHIEF 01> ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost ad flnwanial summry Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_---- ------------- __ __ $501, 963.23 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----- --- 1----------------152, 765. 14 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_-- _____-654, 728. 37 Net total expenditures ---------------------- - 728. 37 -__________654, Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930___--____--____ 654, 428. 37 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..------------------------- Cost of maintenance---------------------- $1.87 $0. 45 $8.14 Total expended_--------------------------- 1.87 .45 -1097. 44 ________ _- --- Allotted ----------------------- -------------- ----------- 1105.58 ----------.....-- 2, 610.75 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ -___- -____-_____- -_______$2, 610.75 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-...... ____ _ 2, 610. 75 21. THE LOUISIANA AND TEXAS INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY FROM THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT OR NEAR NEW ORLEANS, LA., TO CORPUS CHRISTI, TEX. (NEW ORLEANS-SABINE RIVER SECTION) Location and description.-This section of the intracoastal water- way extends from the Mississippi River at or near New Orleans to the Sabine River, La. and Tex. The section from Mississippi River (New Orleans) to Atchafalaya River (Morgan City), La., provides for two routes, one following the Harvey Canal and certain other canals and streams for a total distance of 102 miles. Harvey Canal connects with the Mississippi River by Harvey Lock at Harvey, La., opposite New Orleans, about 31/2 miles above Canal Street. The lock is of concrete construction with steel oper- ating gates. It has an available length of 150 feet, a width of 29 feet 11 inches, and a depth of 6.5 feet on the sills at mean low water. The lift varies from 0 to 20 feet, depending on the stage of the river. This lock will be replaced by a new one now being designed. The other route follows the Mississippi River to Plaquemine, Bayou Plaquemine, and the Grand River system to Morgan City, a total distance of 176 miles. Bayou Plaquemine connects with the Mississippi River by Plaquemine Lock, 112 miles above New Orleans, La. The lock is of concrete construction with four sets of steel oper- ating gates and one set of steel guard gates. Data regarding the lock are given in the paragraph Existing project. The section from the Atchafalaya River (Morgan City) to Ver- milion River, La., will follow the Atchafalaya River, portions of Little Wax Bayou, Possum Bayou, cut-offs, a new canal to be dug to Bayou Bartholomew, passing through Northbend Plantation, Bayou Bartholomew to Little Bay, an existing canal to be acquired running to the north edge of Cote Blanche Island, and a new canal to be dug, skirting Weeks Island and running westerly through the marsh to Vermilion River, a total distance of about 66 miles. The section from Vermilion River to Mermentau River, La., will follow Vermilion River, a part of the Schooner Bayou cut-off, and a RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 995 new canal to be dug northwesterly to the Mermentau River, a total distance of about 44 miles. The section from the Mermentau River to Calcasieu River, La., will follow the route of the present 5 by 40 foot canal, leaving it near the western end and passing through the marsh to the mouth of Black Bayou in Calcasieu River, a total distance of about 36 miles. The section from the Calcasieu River to Sabine River, La. and Tex., will'follow the Calcasieu River upstream from the end of the preceding section and then southwesterly and westerly along the route of the present canal to the Sabine River, 3 miles below Orange, Tex., a total distance of 27 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1116.) Original condition.--The water-borne commerce of many small streams of southern Louisiana, which flow into the Gulf of Mexico, can not reach suitable markets by any all-water route without risk- ing exposure to dangers of open Gulf navigation, unless inland canals and waterways connecting these streams with deep-water ports are constructed. The portion of Louisiana bordering on the Gulf is very well adapted to the establishment of such canals and waterways, due to the existence of great numbers of lakes and streams, as well as low elevation of the land itself. Previous projects,--The original projects for the different sections of this improvement were adopted by the following river and harbor acts: August 11, 1888; March 2, 1907; June 25, 1910; and March 2, 1919. Subsequently certain modifications in the channel dimensions, changes of alignment, purchase of canals, etc., were made by the acts of March 3, 1909; February 27, 1911; July 25, 1912; August 8, 1917; July 18, 1918; and September 22, 1922. The total cost of work under these projects has been $4,418,477.66 of which $3,991,098.63 was for new work and $427,379.03 for maintenance. The total ex- penditures have been $4,412,127.12. In addition, $273,266.97 of con- tributed funds has been expended for new work. (For further de- tails of previous projects see pp. 878-895 of Annual Report for 1924.) Existing project.-This provides for a waterway from the Missis- sippi River at or near New Orleans, via two routes to Morgan City, La., thence via one route to the Sabine River, La. and Tex., having a depth of 9 feet at mean low water and a bottom width of 100 feet, with appropriate side slopes, for the construction of a lock at Har- vey, La., and for the purchase or construction of a pipe-line dredge. The length of this section of the waterway is 349 miles via the northerly or Plaquemine route and 275 miles via the southerly or Harvey Canal route. Maintenance of a channel 5 feet deep at mean low water and 40 feet wide on bottom, with appropriate side slopes and overcut, from the Mississippi River at or near New Orleans to Morgan City, La., via the Harvey and the Company Canals; and the maintenance of a 5 by 40 foot channel along other sections of the route, authorized by the acts cited in Previous projects, until the completion of the 9 by 100 foot channel described above, are contemplated. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is about 10 inches and the extreme about 14 inches. A severe storm may cause a high tide of from 6 to 9 feet. 996 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERSB U. S. ARMY, 1980 The estimate of cost of new work of the 9 by 100 foot waterway, revised in 1927, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects, is $9,752,000, including $500,000 for a dredge, with $185,000 annually for maintenance. PROPOSED LOCK AT HARVEY, LA. Miles from New Orleans_--------------------------- 3.5. Miles from Mississippi River_ ------ - ___--- __- - - 0.13. Width of chamber------------------------------- 75 feet. Length available for full width __----------425 feet. Lift ------------------------------------------- 0.0 to 19.3 feet. Depth on miter sill at low water----- -----__ ----- 12 feet. Character of foundation -------------------------------- Timber piles. Kind of dam------------------------------------ None. Type of construction ___. ____________--_--___ Reinforced concrete. Percentage of completion __------------------------- Being designed. Estimated cost (including approaches)--------------- $1,852,000. LOOK AT PLAQUEMINE, LA. Miles from New Orleans---------------------------112. Miles from Mississippi River----------------------- 0.10. Width of chamber___ ---------------------- 55 feet. Length available for full width--------------------- 260 feet. Lift --------------- -------------------------- 0.0 to 28 feet. Depth on miter sill at low water---------- ------ --- 10 feet. Character of foundation --------------------------- Timber piles. Kind of dam ------------------------------------ None. Type of construction----------------------------- Concrete. Percentage of completion ____-___---------- -Completed 1909. Cost ------------------------------------------- $1,302,006.38. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1925, and January 21, 1927 (H. Doc. No. 238, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps are in this document. Recommended modifcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, provides that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands required for the purpose of this improvement, that local interests shall defray the cost of constructing or re- modeling all highway bridges, together with their subsequent main- tenance and operation, and shall furnish, without cost to the United States all rights of way and necessary spoil-disposal areas; and that work on the New Orleans-Sabine River section shall not be com- menced until the Secretary of War has received satisfactory assur- ances that there will be available by the date of its completion adequate vessels, terminals, and auxiliary equipment for the eco- nomical handling of at least 500,000 tons of commerce annually. The above-mentioned assurances were accepted by the Secretary of War under date of March 12, 1929, and interested parties have carried on negotiations for furnishing rights of way and spoil- disposal areas, but it is impracticable to state any date for completion of the required cooperation. Terminal facilities.-At the Mississippi River end of the Harvey Canal there is a Government-owned wharf open to all, free of charge. On Bayou Terrebonne, at Houma, there are several small privately owned wharves. On the Atchafalaya River, at Morgan City, there are two large and three small wharves open to all without charge; RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 997 t!here are also several private wharves. There are no other wharves ;along this proposed waterway, but loading and unloading of freight may be done on the banks, a method that is suitable for the present. The terminal facilities are considered adequate for the existing com- Imerce on the present small waterway. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The proposed waterway will penerate a rich agricultural region poorly served by railroads, but well supplied with natural waterways which will serve as feeders to the canal. It will also provide a means of transportation of through freight between Texas, southern and southwestern Louisiana and New Or- leans, and cities on the Ohio and other tributaries of the Mississippi River. Operations and results during fiscal year.- Mississippi River-Atchafalaya River section.-As maintenance work on the 5 by 40 foot canal of the previous project, the U. S. pipe-line dredge Delatou'r from October 22 to November 28, 1929, removed 67,435 cubic yards of deposit from the canal between Bayou Terrebonne and Bayou Black, and in June 5,000 cubic yards of deposit were removed by a small United States pump barge from the Lake Salvador entrance of Harvey Canal No. 2. Work of procuring easement and dumping deeds along the Plaque- mine route was completed. The U. S. dredge Delatour removed 198,160 cubic yards of material from December 1, 1929, to March 20, 1930, and the U. S. dredge Grossetete removed 2,268 snags and 16,221 cubic yards of material from January 1 to February 16, April 29 to June 1, and from June 24, 1930, to the end of the fiscal year, all of which was new work on the 9 by 100 foot canal. Work of procuring easement deeds and dumping privileges along the Harvey route was continued, and was still in progress at the end of the fiscal year. The survey to locate the center line of the canal was begun April 38, 1930, and was about 30 per cent completed at the end of the fiscal year. Under authority of section 1 of the river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912, an allotment of $500 was made for the removal of obstructions in Bayou Black, Terrebonne Parish, La. The entire allotment was expended in the removal of 3,889 cubic yards of deposit from the shoal at the mouth of the bayou. Harvey Lock.-Design of the proposed new lock at Harvey, La., was begun, a test pit was dug, and test pile driven and tested for -additional bearing. Center line of lock was laid out and monumented, and test holes were put down. Specifications and contracts for the construction of two movable railway bridges were prepared and forwarded to the Chief of Engi- neers, November 27 and November 29, 1929. Atchafalaya River--Vermilion River sectio.-Titles to that por- tion of the route in Iberia Parish were approved by the United States attorney, and all papers were forwarded to the Chief of Engineers on December 9, 1929, for acceptance by the department. Titles to the portion of the route in St. Mary Parish to Possum Bayou were approved by the United States attorney, and all papers were forwarded to the Chief of Engineers on February 10, 1930, 998 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGIINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 for acceptance by the department. Local interests continued work on securing rights of way for the remainder of this section. Survey work of locating and staking the center line of this section of the canal was begun July 31, 1929, and completed March 30, 1930. Bids were opened May 27 for dredging the 9 by 100 foot canal and a continuing contract entered into June 26, 1930, for dredging 8,819,000 cubic yards at the unit price of 7.8 cents, place measure- ment. Vermilion River-Mernmentau River section.-Maintenanceof pre-, vious project consisted of the removal of 80,667 cubic yards of ma- terial from White, Turtle, Alligator, and Collicon Lakes by the U. S. dredge Grossetete from February 17 to April 15, 1930. Survey work of locating and staking the center line of this sec- tion of the canal was completed August 21, 1929. Contract was entered into July 17th and approved by the Chief of Engineers, August 29, 1929, for dredging 10,875,000 cubic yards in the 9 by 100 foot canal at the unit price of 7.48 cents, place measure- ment. The contractor began work August 26, 1929, and at the end of the fiscal year had dredged 2,924,633 cubic yards over a distance of 13.9 miles, completing 26.9 per cent of the work. The contractor has completed to grade 6.7 miles of this work. Mermentau River-Calcasieu River section.-Contract was ap- proved by the Chief of Engineers June 29, 1929, for the enlargement of the 5 by 40 foot canal to the 9 by 100 foot project, which involved dredging 8,208,000 cubic yards at the unit price of 5.769 cents, place measurement. The contractor began work July 22, 1929, and at the end of the fiscal year had dredged 2,371,265 cubic yards over a distance of 11.7 miles, completing 28.9 per cent of the work. Calccsieu River-Sabine River section.-No work was necessary, as this section was enlarged by Calcasieu Parish to 30 by 125 feet in 1925. The total costs on the entire project from the Mississippi River to the Sabine River were $489,034.35, of which $29,055.81 was for maintenance under the previous project, and $459,978.54 for new work under the existing project, as follows: Previous project, maintenance: Dredging by U. S. dredge Delatour--------------- $16, 350. 76 Dredging by U. S. dredge Grossetetete-------------------- 12, 205. 05 Total ----------------------------------------- 29,055. 81 Existing project, new work: Expenses of survey------------ --- 78, 945. 55 Dredging under contract-------------------------------256, 897. 69' Dredging Plaquemine route by- U. S. dredge Delatour------------------------------- 28, 648.42 U. S. dredge Grossetete ------------------------------ 11, 662.47 Design Harvey Lock--------------------------------20, 695.00 Supervision and office expenses---------------------------- 63, 129. 41 Total------------------------ 459, 978. 54 Grand total_---------------------------------------- 484, 453. 02' SIncludes $4,081.33 maintenance costs, Bayou Plaqueaine. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 999 The total expenditures were $535,812.50, of which $10,432.76 were for maintenance under previous projects--$521,299.71 for new work :and $4,080.03 for maintenance under the existing project. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The Harvey Canal and Harvey Canal No. 2 were purchased and possession taken on March 10, 1924; the Company Canal was purchased and possession taken on .June 17, 1925; a 5 by 40 foot channel was completed in Bayou Black on December 21, 1921; in the Houma Canal on August 30, 1924; in the Vermilion River to Schooner Bayou cut-off on April 27, 1923; and from Mermentau River to Calcasieu River on December 19, 1922; the 12 by 90 foot canal from Calcasieu River to Sabine River was completed on December 12, 1925. The 9 by 100 foot channel through the Plaquemine route is about 35 per cent completed, and there remains about 750,000 cubic yards of excavation to complete this section. No work has been done on the Harvey route of the 9 by 100 foot channel from the Mississippi River to Atchafalaya River, except that the design of the new lock is about 70 per cent completed. There remains to be done on this section and the Atchafalaya-Ver- milion River section the completion of the lock design, construction of lock, two railroad bridges, and the excavation of 29,316,000 cubic yards of material in the 9 by 100 foot channel. The Vermilion River-Mermentau River section of the 9 by 100 foot channel is 26.9 per cent completed, leaving 7,950,367 cubic yards of .excavation to complete the 9 by 100 foot channel. The Mermentau River-Calcasieu River section is 28.9 per cent com- pleted and there remains to be dredged 5,836,735 cubic yards to complete the 9 by 100 foot channel. The Calcasieu River-Sabine River section was completed in 1925. The controlling depths at mean low Gulf on June 30, 1930, were as follows: From the Mississippi River to the Atchafalaya River, via the Plaquemine route, 7 feet, and via the Harvey route, 5 feet; from the Atchafalaya River to the Vermilion River, 5 feet; from the Vermilion River to the Mermentau River, 5 feet; from the Mer- mentau River to the Calcasieu River, 5 feet; and from the Calcasieu River to the Sabine River, 30 feet. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $593,824.08, of which $547,879.17 was for new work and -$45,944.91 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $639,203.85. Proposed operations.-Duringthe fiscal year of 1931 it is proposed to apply the balance unexpended on July 1, 1930, to maintenance dredging and to new work as follows: .Maintenance dredging by United States plant where necessary on the 5 by 40 project----- ---------------------------- $50, 000. 00 -Construction of new lock at Harvey, La___-------------------- 1, 561, 200. 00 ,Construction :Supervision and office expense. ----------------------- _ of single-track railroad bridge at Bayou Sale branch_ Supervision and office expense___----________-----------__ __ 72, 800. 00 122, 300. 00 12, 200. 00 -Construction of railroad bridge and raising tracks at Harvey ._ 461, 000. 00 :Supervision and office expense, 10 per cent -- _____-__--___ 46, 100.00 -Contract dredging 9 by 100 feet channel: Mermentau-Caleasieu section, 5,836,735 cubic yards, at 5.769 cents ------------------___-- --------------- 336, 721.24 Supervision, surveys, and office expense___ ---------------- 33, 500. 12 Vermilion-Mermentau section, 7,950,367 cubic yards, at 7.48 cents---------- --- ___ -------- 594, 687. 45 Supervision, office expenses, and surveys-- --- __- 59, 258. 04 1000 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1830 Contemplated dredging under continuing contracts: Atchafalaya-Vermilion section, 5,370,000 cubic yards at 10 cents( estimated)' --------------------------------------- $537, 000.00 Supervision, office expense, and surveys, 10 per cent --------- 53, 700. 00 Mississippi-Atchafalaya section (Harvey route), 2,500,000 cubic yards, at 10 cents (estimated) _--------___-__---- 250, 000. 00 Supervision, office expense, and surveys, 10 per cent--------- 25, 000.00 Location surveys .....---.. --------- 25, 000. 00 Dredging with Government plant, Plaquemine-Morgan City section, 300,000 cubic yards, at 20 cents- _ 6---.------ 60, 000. 00 Supervision, office expenses, and surveys_ --- _____------__ 6, 000. 00 Payment of outstanding liabilities___----___--____-- _ 40, 446. 85 Total ------------------------------------------- 4, 346, 913. 70 The monthly rate of expenditure on the Mermentau-Calcasieu section will be about $18,000 and on the Vermilion-Mermentau sec- tion about $26,000. It is impracticable to state the rate of expendi- ture for the other dredging operations, as this will depend upon approval of titles to the rights of way over these sections. It is proposed to let contracts for the construction of the new lock at Harvey, La., for a double-track railway bridge over the Harvey Canal at Harvey, La., and a single-track railway bridge over the intracoastal waterway on the Bayou Sale branch of the Texas & New Orleans Railroad. All maintenance dredging and dredging as new work in Plaque- mine-Morgan City section of the waterway will be done by Govern- ment plant and hired labor. All other dredging will be done by contract. The maintenance cost will exceed the average expenditures during the past five years on the 5 by 40 project, due to necessity and demands of commerce for a better channel than was previously maintained. The additional sum of $1,275,000 can be profitably expended dur- ing the fiscal year 1932 in continuing new work and maintenance, as follows: Maintenance dredging by United States plant where necessary on the 5 by 40 project ------------------------------- $63, 000 Continuing work on new lock at Harvey- -__----------- - 270, 000 Supervision and office expense------------------------------------ 27, 000 Contract dredging on continuing contracts: Atchafalaya-Vermilion section------------- ------------- 509, 500 Mississippi-Atchafalaya section ......- 360, 000 Supervision, office expenses, and surveys ---------------- 45, 500 Total----------------------------------------- 1, 275, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the different sections of the waterway for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement MISSISSIPPI RIVER TO ATCHAFALAYA RIVER SECTION Calendar Tons Value Passengers Calendar Tons Value Passengers year year 1925------.......... 166, 536 1$13, 108, 487 6, 270 1928---.......... 156, 754 $8, 500, 439 6,175 1926------- - 127, 673 9,424, 513 6, 921 1929--------- 389, 883 14, 525, 855 2, 435 1927---. . 153, 925 7, 508, 988 11, 302 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of seafoods, shells, sugar cane, lumber, and fuel oil. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 56 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 1001 Comparative statement-Continued MISSISSIPPI RIVER TO ATCHAFALAYA RIVER SECTION VIA PLAQUEMINE ROUTE Calendar Tons Value Pasegers Calendar Tons Value Passengers 1925.......... 367, 251 $8, 894, 393 57 1928 ------.......... 362, 144 $13, 416, 490 190 1926.......... 366,017 13, 906, 430 71 1929_---- . - 373,187 14, 551, 720 181 1927.......... 232, 404 8, 037, 886 234 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of sugar, logs, coal, fuel oil, and iron and steel. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 6 feet. ATCHAFALAYA RIVER TO VERMILION RIVER SECTION AND VERMILION RIVER TO MERMENTAU RIVER SECTION Calendar Tons Value Passengers Calendar Tons Value Passengers year I year 1925__.......... 1, 535 $160, 282 6, 359 1928_-------.......... 10, 365 $290, 873- 9, 878 1926.......... 4, 583 289, 200 7, 660 1929__--------...... 5, 002 418, 201 10, 317 1927.......... 5,626 280,788 6,697 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of shells, rice, lumber, fuel oil, and iron and steel. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 5 feet. MERMENTAU RIVER TO CALCASIEU RIVER SECTION Calendar Tons Value Passengers Calendar Tons Value Passengers year year 1925.......... 22, 536 $547, 297--------- - 1928 ......... 141, 456 $2, 501, 558 1,102 1926-......... 23, 461 429, 912- 1929__........ 84, 447 2, 006, 508 1,286 1927-......... 23,249 816,447 - The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of shells, rice, crude oil, and sand and gravel. The draft of vessels varied from 3 to 5i feet. CALCASIEU RIVER TO SABINE RIVER SECTION Calendar Tons Value Passengers Calendar Tons Value Passengers year year 1925 .------- - 66, 466 $893, 599 1928----------.......... 966, 665 $15, 643, 771 32 1926 ---- __- -22, 178 335, 652 1929.......... 924, 664 17, 101, 462 36 1927 ------ - -254, 979 5, 550, 546 784 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of shells, rice, cottonseed products, lumber, crude oil, sand, salt, and sodium nitrate. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 32 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_------------- ----------- $4, 538, 977. 80 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------- ---- 473, 323. 94 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 5, 012, 301. 74 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---- ------- 107, 449. 05 Net total cost to June 30, 1930----------------------- 5, 119, 750. 79 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------- 7, 892. 73 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930--------------------- 5, 127, 643. 52 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930__--------------------- 76, 312. 55 Net total expenditures -------------- - - 5, 051, 330. 97 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------- 4, 347, 415. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 9, 398, 745. 97 1002 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work........----------------- $42, 216. 27 $9, 781.40 $69, 513. 42 $43, 126. 23 $459, 978. 54 ............... Cost of maintenance__--------------- 59, 747. 72 12, 387. 89 10, 705.91 9, 431.96 29, 055.81 Total cost ___ ___ ____ _ 101, 963. 99 22, 169. 29 180, 219. 33 152, 558. 19 489, 034. 35 Total expended-....-.. -............... 101, 963.99 25, 266. 21 93, 015. 09 36, 531. 60 536, 312. 50 Allotted.....------------------------ 7,000.00 1, 244, 903.08I 740, 864.99 -5,801.17 3, 010, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--__ ______--_---------------- $1, 873, 727. 50 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved May 28, 1930-._____-___- - $1, 960, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930----------------------------------- 1, 050, 000. 00 3, 010, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for _______________----------- 4, 883, 727.50 Gross amount expended--------------------------$536, 463. 00 Less receipts from sales__________________--- 150. 50 536, 312. 50 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930__________--__---- 4, 347, 415. 00 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ______--- __ -$40, 448. 15 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts---------1, 060, 155. 83 1, 100, 603. 98 Balance available June 30, 1930_---- __--------------- 3, 246, 811. 02 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------------------- 7, 892. 73 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 ___--__---3, 254, 703. 75 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion - of existing project 2__________________ ___________________ 4, 995, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - For new work 1, 212, 000. 00 --- ---- --- For maintenance 2 - - - - - - - - ________ 63, 000. 00 Total--- , 275, 00. 00 1------------------------------- 22. OPERATING AND CARE OF HARVEY CANALS AND LOCK, LA. Location and description.-HarveyLock is located at Harvey, La., opposite New Orleans, about 31/2 miles above Canal Street. Harvey Canal connects with this lock and is 5.5 miles long. Harvey Canal No. 2 is about 7.2 miles long, and connects Lake Salvador with Bayou Lafourche; it is separated by about 24.3 miles from Harvey Canal following the present existing route. . Original condition.-Prior to purchase by the United States on March 10, 1924, this lock and canals were privately owned and were operated on a toll basis. They formed a navigable connection be- tween New Orleans and the Barataria and Lafourche country, for- merly without such means of communication. Previous project.-None. 1Adjustment to cover errors in previous reports. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 1003 Existing project.-This provides for the purchase of the Harvey Canals and lock and was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 610, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). Lock Miles from New Orleans------------------------------------ 3. 5. Miles from Mississippi River-------------------------------0. 13. Width of chamber ___ _______---- 29. 9 feet. Length available for full width--------------------------- ---- 150 feet. Lift -------------------------------------------------- -0-20 feet. Depth on miter sill at low water-----------------------------6. 5 feet. Character of foundation----------------------------------- Timber piles. Kind of dam------------------ ---------------- None. Type of construction---------- ----------------------------- Concrete. Date of completion-------------------------------- --------- Not known. Cost (lock, lock site, and canals purchased) -------------------- $515, 000. Recomimended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Justbelow the bridges there is a Government- owned wharf open to all free of charge. There are several small private wharves in the first mile of the canal, below the bridges. There are no terminal facilities on Harvey Canal No. 2. Effect of improvement.-The elimination of tolls, the removal of an obstructive bridge, and the repairs to the lock have noticeably increased commerce. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-The lock, canals, bridge, and grounds were maintained in good condition, and all necessary routine work thereon performed. There were 5,669 boats passed through the lock and 4,656 others operating in Harvey Canal and using the wharf, but not passing through the lock. There were also 1,343 boats using Harvey Canal No. 2 only. One thousand cubic yards of mud were removed from the lock and forebay and 600 feet of river revetment was renewed and repaired. Four pile clusters were driven at river entrance to lock. The lock force was used in making repairs to the U. S. launch Vermilion, completing the construction of U. S. quarterboat Latania, and in loading a test pile and drilling test holes for new lock. The total costs were $24,829.84, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $24,703.88. Condition at end of fiscal year. The existing project was com- pleted by the purchase of the lock and canals in 1924. The amount paid for the lock and Harvey Canal No. 1 was $425,000 and for Harvey Canal No. 2, $90,000. For description of lock see Existing project. The controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year in the canals was 5 feet and in the lock, 7 feet, mean low Gulf. The total costs to the end of the fiscal year were $215,855.30, all for maintenance. The total expenditures to the end of the fiscal year were $218,414.23. Proposed operations.-The lock, canals, bridge, and grounds will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and har- bor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: 1004 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY, 19 30 Comparative statement HARVEY CANALS Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1925.......... 156, 940 $13, 058, 305 6, 270 1928_..- - .- 139,165 $8, 431, 016 6, 175 1926_.-------- 126, 212 9, 398, 557 6, 921 1929__------ 344, 213 14, 281, 148 2, 435 1927.......... 150,563 7, 493, 281 11, 302 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of sea foods, lumber, crude oil, fuel oil, gaso- line sand and gravel, and iron and steel. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 5 feet. HARVEY CANAL LOCK, LA. Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1925---------.-100, 1926----------77, 322 424, 954----------- 1928---------- 968 $11,7,902,664 95, 922 $7,483, 711 ------ 1929_------- -129, 274 8, 278, 201 31 ---------- 1927.. 66, 708 5,743, 184........... The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of sea foods, crude oil, fuel oil, sand and gravel, and iron and steel. Coat and finacial swummary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ----------------------- $215, 855. 30 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---------- 4, 150.67 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_-- ____--- ----- 220, 005. 97 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930-___- ----- __.-------__ - 531. 95 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930- --- ------------ 220, 537. 92 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930- -------------------- - 2, 123.69 Net total expenditures ------------------- 218, 414. 23 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930__---------------------------- 9, 085. 77 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ---------- - 227, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .... --------- -------- Cost of maintenance-------.---- -- $38, 587. 38 $36, 443. 62 $34, 584.94 $27,199. 28 $24,829.84 Total expended.. . 38, 587. 38 ...---------------------- 36, 443. 62 35, 462. 63 25, 442. 02 24, 703. 88 Allotted................-------------------------------.... 38, 000. 00 39, 000.00 31, 000.00 30, 000. 00 23, 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 __ - ___---------__ - - $10, 289.65 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909-------------------------- 23,500. 00 Amount to be accounted for----------------------------33, 789. 65 Gross amount expended- --------------- $24, 710. 08 __--_--- Less receipts from sales------------------------------ 6. 20 24, 703. 88 Balance unexpended June 30, 1.930---------------------- 9, 085. 77 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------------------- 2, 183. 08 Balance available June 30, 1930------- -6, 6----- 6--902. 69 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------------ 531.95 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930- ----------- - 7, 434.64 Amount alloted for fiscal year 1931. ---- ---------- 24, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931---- -------- 31, 434. 64 RIVERS AND HARBORS--NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 1005 23. OPERATING AND CARE OF HANSON CANAL, LA. Location and description.-Hanson Canal leaves the right bank of Bayou Teche about 14.5 miles above its mouth and about 1.5 miles below the town of Franklin. Its easterly end is about 25 miles from Morgan City and its westerly end is about 21/2 miles from the location of the Louisiana and Texas Intracoastal Waterway, with which it connects through Bayou Portage. It is 4.1 miles long and is tidal for its whole length. The lock is 937 feet long between gate buttresses and 30 feet wide with a depth of 5 feet at low water. The lock is crossed by one highway and two railroad bridges, all fixed, the minimum horizontal clearance being 26.5 feet and the vertical 9.3 feet above low water. The gate buttresses are of concrete and the lock chamber of earth, with sheet-pile bulkheads between the but- tresses and at each entrance. The gates are of the wooden mitering type. Original condition.-Priorto purchase by the United States on October 16, 1923, this canal was privately owned, and was operated solely for boats belonging to the owners, no others being allowed to use the lock or canal. It formed a short cut between Bayou Teche and West Cote Blanche Bay and points to the westward. Previous project.--None. Ewisting project.-This provides for the purchase of the Hanson Canal at a cost not to exceed $65,000, and was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-A safe route without exposure to dan- gers of open Gulf navigation, has been opened to small boats oper- ating between Bayou Teche and West Cote Blanche Bay; traffic is now open to all parties. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The lock, canal, and grounds were maintained in good condition and all necessary routine work thereon performed. There were 1,563 boats and rafts passed through the lock. Removed 10 cubic yards of deposit from around lock gates. Cleaned banks of canal of weeds and debris. Tarred lock gates and walls, and painted all iron work. Replaced two wooden culverts with corrugated iron pipes. Constructed two footbridges. Built :small stiff-leg derrick and pontoon to remove logs from canal. Grass and weeds were kept cut. Minor repairs were made as necessary to buildings, lock gates and machinery, and to fences. The total costs were $3,585.48, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $3,616.89. Condition at end of fiscal yearn.-This property was acquired by the United States on October 16, 1923, at a cost of $65,000, since which date it has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation. The lock gates are in good condition, the revetment and canal are in fair condition, the buildings are in excel- lent condition. The United States owns a strip of land 300 feet wide between parallel lines running from Bayou Teche to Bayou Portage, a distance of about 4.1 miles, and containing about 148 1006 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1930 acres. The controlling depth on June 30, 1930, was 5 feet at low water. The total costs to the end of the fiscal year were $26,618.34, all, for maintenance. The total expenditures to the end of the fiscal year were- $26,401.40. Proposed operations.-The lock, canal, and grounds will be op- erated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefi- nite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and: receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement HANSON CANAL Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1925 --------------------- 72, 818 $515, 625 1928---------------------- 3, 140 $92, 732 1926-_--------------------- 17, 816 153, 169 1929---------------------- 1, 757 65, 563" 1927---------------------- 6, 015 97, 205 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of logs. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 43i feet. HANSON CANAL LOCK Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1925.------ -------------- 72, 818 $515, 625 3, 140. 1928__.......... .....---------------------- $92, 732- 1926--------------------- 17, 816 153, 169 1929 -------------------- ,757 65, 563 1927-------------------- 6, 015 97, 205 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of logs. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------------ $26, 618.34: Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 216. 94 Net, total expenditures__.-----_--------------- 26, 401. 40 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-----------------------_ __ 998. 60 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_ .__. ______ _-27, 400. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.- Cost of maintenance -------------------- $3, 764. 64 $3, 581. 09 $4, 010. 73 $3, 703. 93 $3, 585.48 Total expended----------------................. 3, 764. 64 3, 581. 09 3,961. 26 3, 742. 97 3, 616. 89 Allotted ......................----------------------------- 5,000. 00 1,500.00 3,500.00 3,60, .00 3,800. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 1007 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--_____--- $815.49 ______________-------------------------__ Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, sec. 6, river and harbor act, approved Mar. 3, 1909 __--_-------------------- 3, 800. 00 Amount to be accounted for_ --------------- 4,615.49 Gross amount expended--------- ------------------------- 3, 616. 89 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------ 998. 60 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930__------------ 292. 36 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------------- 706. 24 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931-------------------------- 3, 500.00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931 ___------------------- 4, 206.24 24. OPERATING AND CARE OF SCHOONER BAYOU LOCK, LA. Location and description.-SchoonerBayou Lock is 4.5 miles west of the mouth of Schooner Bayou and about 35 miles southwesterly from Abbeville, La. It is a tidal lock and was completed in 1913. It has a length between gates of 300 feet, a width of 36 feet, and a depth of 8 feet at mean Gulf datum. The gate buttresses are of concrete on pile foundation; the chamber is of earth, with pile and walling protection between buttresses; the gates are of wood, turning on horizontal hinges at the bottom. The spillway dam is a wooden platform on piles and was completed in 1914. It has five wooden gates 12 feet 8 inches wide and 9 feet 11 inches high, hinged at the top to the framework of the dam; the sill of the dam is 6 feet below mean low Gulf. The dam gates are kept closed whenever the Gulf water is higher than that of the canal. Original conditions.-Prior to the construction of the canal and lock there was no connection between Vermilion Bay and White Lake, although traffic was possible between White Lake and the Mermentau River. Previous project.-None. Existing project.--This provides for the construction of the Schooner Bayou lock and dam and was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 640, 59th Cong., 2d sess.). Recommended 'modificationsof project.-None. Local cooperation.-The project provided that rights of way be furnished free of cost to the United States. The necessary land for the lock and dam was deeded to the United States and accepted March 13, 1909. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of inmprovement.-The lock gates are operated during the rice season to prevent access of salt water into the fresh-water reservoir of White Lake; the lock and canal give access to localities theretofore inaccessible. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The lock, dam, and grounds were maintained in good condition, and all necessary routine work thereon performed. There were 2,951 boats which passed through the lock. All wood and metal parts of lock gates and lock chamber were cleaned and painted. All operating mechanism was overhauled and kept in repair. Spillway gates were painted and kept clear of trash and hyacinths. Minor repairs were made as 11714---ENG 1930----64 1008 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 necessary to launch Calcasieu and all buildings. Grass and weeds were kept cut. Low spots on reservation were filled. Lockmaster's dwelling and one laborer's dwelling were painted. The total cost was $5,687.14, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $5,191.47. Conditionat end of fiscal year.-The lock and dam were completed in 1913 and 1914, respectively, at a cost of $40,018.10 for the lock and $8,500 for the dam; both are in good condition. The United States reservation consists of 2 acres, on which have been built three dwell- ings and the necessary storehouses and work shops, all of which are in good condition. The controlling depth on June 30, 1930, was 8 feet at mean Gulf datum. The total costs to the end of the fiscal year were $88,410.35, all for maintenance. The total expenditures to the end of the fiscal year were $87,427.65. Proposedoperations.-Thelock, dam, and grounds will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar Tons Value Passengers Calendar Tons Value Passengers year year 1925......--------... 1, 535 $160, 282 6, 359 1928.......... 10,365 $290, 873 9, 878 192----------.......... 4,583 289, 200 7, 660 1929---------.......... 5, 002 418, 201 10, 317 1927----------.......... 5, 626 280, 788 6, 697 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of shells, rice, fuel oil, and iron and steel. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 5 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----_---------------- __ $88, 410. 35 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930----------- --- 525. 00 Net total cost to June 30, 1930------------------ --------- 88, 935.35 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------- 1, 507. 70 Net total expenditures--------------------------------87, 427. 65 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------------ 802. 81 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------_____ 88, 230. 46 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1929 1930 Cost of new work-................................ Cost of maintenance-------------------....................... $5, 624. 66 $4, 943.43 $4, 974.84 $5, 112. 18 $5, 687. 14 Total cost..--------------------.................. 5, 624. 66 4, 943. 43 4, 974. 84 5, 112. 18 5, 687. 14 Total expended........-----------------------.................... 5, 624. 66 4, 943. 43 3, 618. 21 4, 945. 64 5, 191. 47 Allotted.....----------------._...... ------------ 5,500.00 4,500.00 3,883.90 4, 800. 00 5,000.00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 1009 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ --- -___----_---___ ------- $994.28 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909 ------------------------ 5, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_--____-------------- - 5, 994. 28 Gross amount expended- __-_ ___-------__---5, --------- 191. 47 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_ -------..-- ---..-. 802.81 ........---------------- Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--- 514. 56 Balance available June 30, 1930------ ......--...------------ 288. 25 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931 --- _-- -_------------ 5, 500. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931_-------_----------- 5, 788. 25 25. BAYOU VERMILION, LA. Location and description.-BayouVermilion, also called Vermilion River, is formed by the junction of Bayous Fusilier and Bourbeau, west of Arnaudville, La., and flows in a southwesterly direction to the western end of Vermilion Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1116.) The length of the stream is about 71 miles, that of the section under improvement being 51 miles, from near Lafayette, La., to Vermilion Bay. The stream has surface widths of from 50 to 400 feet and is tidal for the lower 25 miles. The area of the watershed is about 360 square miles. Original condition.-The stream was navigable at its higher stages to a point about 49 miles above its mouth (Pinhook Bridge), but was obstructed, chiefly in the upper reaches, by snags, logs, fallen and overhanging trees, and shoals over which a depth of only 2 feet existed at low water. Below mile 40 the least depth was about 4 feet at mean low Gulf, increasing toward the mouth. There was a bar at the mouth, over which there was a depth of only 2 feet at low tide. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, based on re- port submitted in House Executive Document No. 54, Forty-sixth Congress, second session. The cost and expenditures were $9,900 under this project prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1892. For further details of previous projects see page 762, Annual Report for 1914. Emisting project.-This provides for a channel 51/2 feet deep (no width specified) at mean low Gulf from Vermilion Bay to the Southern Pacific bridge at Lafayette, La., a distance of 51 miles, to be obtained by dredging and removing obstructions. Under ordi- nary conditions the mean range of tide at mouth is 10 inches and the extreme 14 inches. The variation of water surface, near the mouth due to hurricanes, and in the upper reaches due to floods, is from 8 to 10 feet. The estimated cost of new work, adopted in 1892, exclusive of amount expended under previous project, was $25,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892 (H. Ex. Doc. No, 273, 51st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is printed opposite page 2549 of the Annual Report for 1917. / Recommended modifications of project.-None. 1010 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-At Bancker, Rosehill, Abbeville, and Pin- hook Bridge there are ordinary wharves. At Abbeville there is a public wharf open to all water carriers without charge, and a pri- vate one owned by the Southern Pacific Railroad, with conveyors for transferring freight from wharf to top of bank. Interchange of traffic, and through freight rates, exist between this railroad and the steamer Jos. B. Chaffe operating on the stream. Along the stream there are several derricks for loading cane on barges. Land- ings are generally made on the banks of the stream. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Efect of improvement.-Navigation has been rendered easier and a deeper channel has been maintained. Operations and results during fiscal year.-From April 16 to 18, 1930, the U. S. dredge Grossetete, as maintenance work, removed 144 snags, trees, and stumps between Bancker and Abbeville. The total costs were $1,872.78, all for maintenance. The total ex- penditures were $1,872.78. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted as regards dredging in 1883, and as regards snagging in 1896. The controlling depths on June 30, 1930, were as follows: Over bar at mouth, 3 to 4 feet, mean low Gulf; mouth to Abbeville, 7 feet, mean low Gulf; Abbeville to Pinhook Bridge, 5 to 6 feet, mean low water, available throughout the year. The head of navigation is at Pinhook Bridge, mile 49 from the mouth. The channel is in good condition. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $125,052.78, of which $25,000 was for new work, and $100,052.78 for maintenance. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $125,052.78. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to expend the balance un- expended on July 1, 1930 ($1,127.22), in maintenance, for supervison, and office expense as may be necessary. It is expected that the avail- able funds will be exhausted by April 1, 1931. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 as maintenance work is only required at about 5-year intervals. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past 5 years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar Tons Value Passengers Calendar Tons Value Passengers year year 1925----------.......... 16, 779 $352, 615 856 1928........---------- . 41, 092 $676, 079 2, 063 1926---------... 15, 764 308, 413 809 1929_-........ 16, 029 438, 339 2, 263 1927-..... -------- 16, 527 305, 552 1, 716 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of sugar cane, gas and fuel oil, and sand and gravel. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 5 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 1011 Cost and financial su4nm4ry Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------- ----------- $34, 900. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 _ __-------------- 100, 052. 78 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_----------- 134, 952. 78 Net total expenditures_- --- ___-_-__- - -- 134, 952. 78 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930___ ___---------------------- 1, 127. 22 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_--------------136, 080. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .------------------ -------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance------------------------ ______-----------.----$220. 00 $10,000.00 $1,872.78 Total expended ------------------- ___-------------------------220. 00 10,000.00 1,872. 78 Allotted------- -------------------------------------- 9, 780. 00 ------------ 3,000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929--------------------- -- --------- ---- $3, 000. 00 Gross amount expended____________----_______________ 1, 872. 78 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930__-______------_____ 1, 127. 22 26. MERMENTAU RIVER, BAYOU NEZPIQUE, AND BAYOU DES CANNES, LA. Location and description.-Mermentau River is formed by the junction of Bayous Des Cannes and Nezpique, 2.25 miles above Mer- mentau, La., and flowing in a southwesterly direction empties into the Gulf of Mexico. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1116.) The length of stream is 71.5 miles. The entire Mer- mentau River is included in this project. This stream is tidal; it has widths ranging from 250 to 1,000 feet in its ordinary banks and from 1,000 feet to several miles in the lake. The system has a water- shed area of about 2,400 square miles. Bayou Nezpique rises in Evangeline Parish, flows in a southerly direction, and empties into the Mermentau River. The length of stream is about 80 miles, of which the lower 25 miles are now under improvement. This stream is semitidal; it has widths varying from 65 to 190 feet in the ordinary banks and depths from 4 to 40 feet. The watershed includes about 700 square miles. Bayou Des Cannes rises in Evangeline Parish, flows in a south- southwesterly direction, and empties into the Mermentau River. The length of the stream is about 60 miles, of which the lower 8.5 miles are under improvement. The stream is semitidal; it has widths varying from 40 to 800 feet in the ordinary banks and depths from 3.5 to 40 feet. The watershed includes about 400 square miles. Original condition.-Mermentau River is 71.5 miles long and had widths of 250 to 1,000 feet and a low-water depth of 10 feet or more. Through Lake Arthur (6 miles) and Grand Lake (11 miles) there were low-water depths of 7 and 6 feet, respectively, except at the upper and lower ends of Grand Lake, where the channel shoaled to 4 feet. Through Lower Mud Lake, which is 3 miles long, there were 1012 BsPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 a few shoals with an available depth of only 4 feet at mean low water. The minimum depth found over the bar in the Gulf was 4 feet. Considerable traffic existed over the entire river. Bayou Nezpique is 80 miles long and had widths of from 65 to 190 feet and low-water depths of from 4 to 40 feet but was obstructed with snags, trees, etc. Considerable traffic existed in the lower por- tion of this stream, but owing to the dangerous obstructions in the upper reaches only small boats went up to the head of navigation at the 25-mile point. Bayou Des Cannes is about 60 miles long and had widths of from 40 to 800 feet and low-water depths of from 3.5 to 40 feet but was obstructed with snags, trees, etc. Considerable traffic existed on the lower portion up to mile 8.5, but above this point only small boats could ascend until local interests made certain cut-offs, etc., after which they could ascend to mile 13. Previous projects.-None. Ewisting project.-This provides for the removal of obstructions to navigation to secure the natural channel throughout the entire Mermentau River, a distance of 71.5 miles, and through Bayou Nezpique from its mouth to 25 miles above, and Bayou Des Cannes from its mouth to Evangeline Bridge (mile 8.5); for improving the channel in Lower Mud Lake by constructing a brush dam to concen- trate the action of the current and by dredging; and for removing a portion of the wrecked dam 7 miles above the mouth. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide on the Mer- mentau River near the mouth is 10 inches and near the head about 3 inches, the extreme range being 14 inches and about 5 inches, re- spectively. The variation of the water surface near the mouth may be as much as 7 or 8 feet, due to hurricanes on the Gulf, and near the head from 8 to 12 feet, due to freshets. On Bayou Nezpique, under ordinary conditions, the range of tide is about 3 inches at the mouth and nothing at head. On Bayou Des Cannes, under ordinary conditions, the range of tide is about 3 inches at the mouth and nothing at the head. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1892, is $23,615; and that for the removal of the dam, made in 1916, $1,500. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 13, 1892, provided for the general project (Annual Report for 1891, p. 1862); the act of July 27, 1916, pro- vided for the removal of a portion of the wrecked dam near the mouth (H. Doc. No. 1232, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the improvement of Bayou Des Cannes (H. Dec. No. 1398, 65th Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is printed opposite page 2556 of the Annual Report for 1917. Recommended modiflcation of project.-None. Local cooperation.-There is no local cooperation imposed by law, but private interests have, in many instances, removed obstructions from Bayou Des Cannes from its mouth to about one-half mile below Iota Bridge (mile 15.25) and have dredged numerous landing slips and cut-offs aggregating 5,950 feet in length between mile 8.5 and mile 14.75. RIVERS AND HARBORS---NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 1013 Terminal facilities.-There are several private wharves and ware- houses at Grand Chenier. These are small, ordinary wharves. There is a well-constructed public wharf at Lake Arthur, La., open to water- carriers without charge. At Mermentau, La., the Southern Pacific Railroad owns a long wharf with a spur running to the wharf. There is another small landing and warehouse at this place open to water carriers without charge. At the less important points the landings are made on the banks. There is a large rice-storage warehouse on Bayou Nezpique about 14 miles above the mouth. On Bayous Des Cannes and Nezpique there are a few private landing places and small wharves along the route, which are sufficient to meet the present demand of commerce and are open to water carriers without charge. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made transporta- tion easier for a considerable volume of commerce which is prac- tically dependent upon these streams, as much of the tributary territory is not within reach of any railroad. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-From July 23 to November 5, 1929, the U. S. dredge Grossetete, as maintenance work, removed 3,380 snags, trees, and stumps from Bayou Nezpique be- tween the mouth and mile 22. The total costs were $15,000, all for maintenance. The total ex- penditures were $15,000. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Obstructions were removed from the Mermentau River and Bayou Nezpique in 1892, 1893, 1907 ant 1929, and from Bayou Des Cannes in 1916 and 1918. Dredging in lower Mud Lake was completed in 1899; two pile and brush dams 2,500 and 3,000 feet long were constructed in 1897-98; and the re- moval of a portion of the wrecked dam was finished on March 31, 1917, thus completing the project. The controlling depths, mean low Gulf, on June 30, 1925, were: Mermentau River, over bar at mouth, 3 feet; Pass, mile 0 to 3 (lower Mud Lake), 8 feet; through lake, mile 3 to 6, 3.7 feet; mile 6 to 13 (upper Mud Lake), 8 feet; through lake, mile 13 to 16.5, 7.8 feet; mile 16.5 to 24.5 (Grand Lake), 11 feet; through lake, mile 24.5 to 36, lower end, 3 feet; upper end, 5 feet; mile 36 to 47 (Lake Arthur), 12 feet; through lake, mile 47 to 53, 5 feet; mile 53 to 71.5, 40 feet; Bayou Nezpique, mile 0 to 23, 8 feet; mile 23 to 25 (head of improve- ment), 3 feet; Bayou Des Cannes, mile 0 to 8.5 (Evangeline Bridge), 5 feet; mile 8.5 to 14.25 (Iota Bridge), 3 feet; mile 15.25 to 31.25 (Frisco Railroad bridge), 1 foot. Mile 0 is at the mouth of the stream in each case. These depths are available throughout the year. Channel condition is good in Mermentau River, Bayou Nezpique, mile 0 to 22, and fair in Bayou Des Cannes, mile 0 to 14. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $61,633.93, of which $27,580.35 was for new work, and $84,053.58 for maintenance. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $61,633.93. Proposed operations.--There are no funds available. The sum of $4,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1982, in maintenance and snagging, as follows: t104 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Operation of one U. S. snag boat- ..-..------------ - - $3, 700 Supervision and office expense----- --------- -------------- 300 Total--- ----------------- ---------------------------- 4, 000 The maintenance work will be necessary for the removal of ob- structions and shoals in portions of the Mermentau River. Commercial Statistics.--A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past 5 years is as follows: Comparative statement MERMENTAU RIVER, LA. calendar Tons Value Passengers Calendar Tons Value Passengers year year 1925----------.......... 14, 562 $352, 564 ------------ 1928..---------- 36, 501 $1, 189,112 4, 278 1926-----------....... 26, 535 385, 520 ------------- 1929---------- 143, 433 2, 735, 831 2,128 1927___------.... 37, 641 767, 185 582 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of rice, lumber, logs, crude oil, and fuel oil. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 5 feet. BAYOU NEZPIQUE, LA. Calendar year Tons Value 1929 ----------------------------------------------- 79, 835 $501, 263 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of logs, and crude oil. The draft of vessels varied from 3 to 5 feet. BAYOU DES CANNES, LA. Total 1 Cargoes in transit Calendar year Tons Value Tons Value 1929 --------------------------------------------- 38,669 969 $218, 36,829 $587,956 1 Exclusiveof cargoes in transit. The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of logs, and crude oil. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 5 feet. Cost and finanoital summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- -_ $27, 580. 35 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930- ----------------- 34, 053.58 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ----__------- 61, 633. 93 Net total expenditures -------- ---------------------------- 61, 633. 93 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------------------ 61, 633. 93 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------------ -- --- -- - - ----- Cost of maintenance---------------------------------------- -$119.52 ------------ $15, 000.00 Total expended..... 52---..--.------ 15, 000. 00 -119.--------------------------------------------119. Allotted.-.--------... -----.....----.- .--.---.-- ------- -119. 52 $16, 000.00.--..$. Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------ .... .. $15, 000 Gross amount expended------------- ------- 5-------1 000 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance--------- --- ---------- 4,000 RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 1015 27. BAYOU QUEUE DE TORTUE, LA. The project was completed in 1923 at a saving of $11,645 under the estimated cost. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and no balance is available. No work is now contemplated, as the improvement is considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1924, page 904. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past 5 years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1925-...--------------------..... 1, 804 $54, 649 1928---------------------- 905 $10,410 1926..............-------------------- 547 7, 052 1929--------------------- 2, 350 22, 384 1927 ..................-------.... --------------.... 2, 568 28, 010 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted of crude and fuel oil. The draft of vessels varied from 3 to 5 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $33, 355. 18 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 4, 276.10 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------- ---- 37, 631.28 Net total expenditures ------------------------------------- 37, 631.28 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 -------------------- 37, 631. 28 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....... Cost of maintenance .... ------------------------------------- $1,368.72 -- Total expended- .... . ......- .-... - -------- - ---- --- -- - 1,368.72 - - - - - -- - - - -- Allotted... ------------------------------------------------ ... . 1,368.72 I ........... 28. BAYOU PLAQUEMINE BRULE, LA. Location and description.-Bayou Plaquemine Brule rises in the southwestern part of St. Landry Parish and flows about 75 miles in a southwesterly direction, discharging into Bayou des Cannes about 33/4 miles above Mermentau, La. The section under improvement is from the mouth for a disance of about 19 miles to near Crowley, La. The stream has widths from 60 to 150 feet, with a watershed area of about 360 square miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1116.) Original oondition.-The stream was in fairly good condition for 8 miles above its mouth, the remaining distance being obstructed by snags, overhanging trees, and drift. It had widths from 40 to 150 feet and depths from 4 to 35 feet. On account of obstructions only small boats used the stream. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel with 6 feet depth at mean low Gulf and bottom width of 60 feet from the mouth to a 1016 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 point near Crowley, La., a distance of 19 miles, by dredging and removing obstructions. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is about 2 inches at the mouth and nothing at the head, the extreme range being about 4 inches and nothing, respectively. Due to floods the variations of water surface is at times about 10 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1913, was $33,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 789, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). There is no published map. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None was imposed by law, but local interests furnished right of way for one cut-off, free of cost to the United States, which was accepted March 9, 1915. Terminal facilities.-The town of Crowley constructed from the 19-mile point to Crowley a feeder canal and a large warehouse, both of which are open to all carriers without charge; loaded trucks are conveyed to top of wharf by gasoline hoist. Along the bayou land- ings are made on the banks. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Obstructionshave been removed, channel deepened, and navigation made possible. During the calendar year 1927 a large water commerce in rice developed between Crowley and Lake Charles, La., which formerly would have been impracticable. Freight is also delivered along the stream from railroad terminals at Crowley and Mermentau, La. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-There were no operations and no expenditures during the fiscal year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1915. The channel is in good condition. The controlling depth on June 30, 1930, was 6 feet, mean low Gulf, available through- out the year. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $59,473.93, of which $32,759.90 was for new work and $26,714.03 for maintenance. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $59,473.93. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available. The sum of $4,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 in maintenance dredging and snagging, as follows: Operation of one United States dredge--------------------------- $3, 700 Supervision and office expense------------------------------------ 300 Total---------------------------------- ------------- 4, 000 This maintenance work will be necessary to remove obstructions and shoals to accommodate the increasing commerce on this waterway. Commercial statistics.--A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 1017 Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1925---------------------- 1, 000 $13, 065 1928.---..----.-.. _ 9,872 $627, 502 .1926----------------------.................. 2, 155 17,500 1929 ................----.... 36, 829 587, 956 1927---------------------...................... 7,261 331, 318 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted of rice, logs, crude oil, and fuel oil. The draft of vessels varied from 3 to 5 feet. Cost and flnanoal summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------- $32, 759. 90 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------- -- 26, 714. 03 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 59, 473. 93 Net total expenditures ...........- 59, 473. 93 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-_---_--- ------- 59, 473. 93 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 -Costof new work..-. Cost of maintenance ____.-------------- -...___- -- __............ _ $8,498.25 $11,001.75 --------- Total expended----------- ------------------------------- 4,426.89 15,047.04 . Allotted---------- ------------------- ------------ .------------ 11,973.93 7,500. 00-. Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance ----------------------------------- $4, 000 29. CALCASIEU RIVER AND PASS, LA. The original project was completed as follows: The revetment in 1893, the jetties in 1900, the dredging between jetties and in bars at head and foot of Calcasieu Lake in 1903, and the snagging in 1906. No work has been done on the 12 by 90 foot channel adopted in 1922. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and no balance is available. No work is now proposed, as the improvement is con- :sidered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1929, page 936. Commercial statistics.---A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1925..----------........ 120, 708 $1, 742, 464 16, 291 1928....---------- 685, 612 $12, 010, 889 9, 642 1926----------.......... 85, 168 1, 518, 681 15, 574 1929....--------- 1, 032, 796 18, 545, 889 4, 691 1927_-.--. . 295,350 7, 571, 861 246 The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of shells, rice, crude oil, sand and gravel, lumber, and sodium nitrate. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 32 feet. Cost and financial sum/mary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-----------------------------$495, 913.63 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------__-___------- 174, 365.45 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ---- 6-----279. 08 - 670, Net total expenditures..--------------- _ ---- -670, 279. 08 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930. ------------------- 670, 279. 08 1018 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work-... Cost of maintenance -------------------------------------- $3, 813. 72 Total expended---------------------------------- ---- --- 2, 201.55 2 Allotted - -- - - -....- .......-- -- --- ... -6,015.27 .. 30. REMOVING THE WATER HYACINTH (LOUISIANA) Location and description.-The water hyacinth is a floating plant which infests the waters of the Gulf coast, increasing with great rapidity during the summer season and being cut down to water level by frost in winter. It greatly obstructs the navigable waters, and is propagated not only by seed but by development of new plants from the root stems or portions of the roots moved from one stream to another by currents and winds. Original condition.-The water hyacinth made its appearance in the waters of southern Louisiana about 1884 and spread with such rapidity that it soon infested all streams without sufficient current to carry it to salt water, interfering with navigation and, when unmolested, so obstructing them as to cause entire suspension of navigation. Previous projects.-None. Eisting projects.-This project provides for the extermination or removal of plants from the navigable waters of the States of Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, so far as they are or may become an obstruction to navigation, by any mechanical, chemical, or other means whatsoever; for the construction and opera- tion of boats equipped with suitable machinery for such removal; and for the construction and operation of booms to prevent the drift- ing of plants from one stream to another. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $25,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1889, made appropriations for the States of Florida and Louisiana and provided for the extermination or removal of plants, the building of boats, and the establishment of booms (H. Doc. No. 91, 55th Cong., 3d sess.) ; the act of June 13, 1902, authorized the use of any mechanical, chemical, or other means whatsoever; the act of March 3, 1905, made the appropriation avail- able for the State of Texas; the acts of March 3, 1905, and March 2, 1907, in making appropriations for Florida, provided that no chemi- cal process injurious to cattle which may feed upon the water hya- cinth shall be used; the act of July 25, 1912, made the appropriation available for the State of Mississippi and also made available for use in that State the operating plant pertaining to the work in Louisiana; and the act of August 27, 1916, made the appropriation available for the State of Alabama. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None required. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities of the various streams from which hyacinths were removed are described in the reports for the improvement of these streams. RIVERS AND HARBORS--NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 1019 Effect of improvement.-The clearing of the streams of .water hyacinth makes navigation possible on many streams and in others materially assists in easy navigation. Operations and results during fiscal year.--The U. S. S. Hyacinth carried on spraying operations on the following streams: Bayous Barataria, Lacassine, Lafourche, Boeuf, and Chevreuil, Harvey Canal No. 2, and on Tickfaw, Natalbany, Blind, Ponchatoula, Ver- milion, and Mermentau Rivers. The U. S. barge Chene carried on spraying operations on the following streams: Bayous Teche, Grand, Blue, Leau Bleu, Chevreuil, Des Allemands and Harvey Canal No. 2. A total of 14,524,880 square yards of hyacinths were sprayed. Hyacinths were removed by hand by agreement with Terrebonne Parish from Bayous Black, Terrebonne, Grand Caillou, Le Large, and Le Carpe, most of which streams could not be economically worked by the Hyacinth. This has had the result of largely reducing the work that otherwise would have had to be done on account of the plant propagating and floating into other streams. During the year the U. S. S. Hyacinth was used as a survey boat for 30 days; she towed the U. S. quarter boat Waco from Schooner Bayou Lock to Plaquemine Lock, the U. S. dredge Grossetete with attendant plant, from Plaquemine Lock to Mermentau, La., and from Harvey, La., to Flat Lake via Plaquemine, La. The crew of the Hyacinth operated a 6-inch hydraulic dredge for about seven weeks at Harvey Lock and Harvey Canal No. 2. Both the U. S. S. Hyacinth and Chene were out of commission during the winter months and were extensively overhauled and repaired. The total costs were $26,509.49, all for maintenance, divided as follows: Operation of spraying plant_ $------------------ 852. 04 Installation and operation of booms 23. 88 6---------------------- Removing hyacinths by hand------------------------------------ 2, 374. 98 Supervision and office expenses------------------------------ 2, 658. 59 Total --------------------------------------------------- 26, 509. 49 The total expenditures were $33,470.35. Condition at end of fiscal year.-From 1900 to 1902 a boat with suitable machinery for removing and crushing the hyacinth was oper- ated. Since then the U. S. S. Hyacinth, equipped with means for spraying plants with a solution of arsenic and soda, has been used in those streams of such commercial importance as to justify improve- ment. Booms have been constructed at certain points to prevent the drifting of the plant from nonnavigable streams into those which are navigable. The work done has resulted in a great benefit to navi- gation. In 1915 the U. S. barge Chene was equipped for spraying the smaller streams, but was placed out of commission in September, 1922. A new steel hull for the Hyacinth was constructed in 1925 and new upper works built thereon. The barge Chene was recommis- sioned in August, 1929, and in 1930 her machinery changed to greatly increase her efficiency. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $547,832.91, all for maintenance. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $574,622.92. 1020 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended on July 1, 1930 ($45,457.08), in destroying the hyacinths in the most important streams as the interests of navigation may re- quire, by spraying and by hand, and in installation and operation of booms. It is expected that the available funds will be expended at the rate of about $4,000 per month during the working season and about $1,200 per month when the plant is laid up, and that they will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The additional sum of $32,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 in continuing the work of removing hyacinths and in installation and operation of booms, as follows: Operation of spraying plant ---------------------------------- $25, 000 Installation and operation of booms ------------------------- 3, 00t Removing hyacinths by hand Supervision and office expense----_----- -- ______ - 1, 1------------------- 000 3, 000 Total----------------------------------------------- 32, 000 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------- $547, 832. 91 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ------------ 31, 748.20 Net total cost to June 30, 1930------------ --- -_ 579, 581. 11 Plus amounts receivable June 30, 1930 ------------------------- 1, 741. 79 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930____________________ 581, 322. 90 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------------- 6, 699. 98 Net total expenditures__----- --- __ ______- 574, 622. 92 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------ ------ 45, 457.08 -_____ Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930- ------ ___ 620, 080. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....-...... Cost of maintenance.....------------------ $25, 217. 60 $24, 065. 21 $23, 567. 64 $28, 682. 05 $26, 509. 49 Total expended.........--------------- -- ----- 25, 217. 60 24, 065. 21 24, 649. 53 22,879.00 33, 470. 35 Allotted---------........................-------------------..... 30, 000.00 16, 000.00 25, 000.00 25, 000.00 49, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 -- ------------------------- _$29, 927. 43 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------------- $29, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930-------------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929---- ----------------- 10, 000. 00 49, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for_---------__------------ _78, 927. 43 Gross amount expended______________----------- _ $33, 491.05 Less receipts from sales_ ------------ __- --------- 20. 70 33, 470. 35 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ___- _------------__ 45, 457. 08 RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 1021 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------------------$8, 312. 76 Balance available June 30, 1930------- ----------- 37,144. 32 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930-- ---------- ----------------1, 741. 79 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--------------- 38, 886. 11 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance ------------------- 32, 000. 00 31. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called fo'r by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committs o of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by section 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, in- spections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $11,692.83; the expenditures were $12,073.20. The bal- ance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $10,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial sumrmary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $16,489.92 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------ ------- 158. 84 Net total expenditures 6, 331. 08 1-------------------------- Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 _ ---- ------- 9, 968. 92 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------- 26, 300. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work._. Cost of maintenance.--.... ---- _------------_-----------------..-$4, 797. 09 $11, 692. 83 Total expended............................ 4, 257. 88 12, 073.20 ----.-----. . ..... ~) iz a znl Allotted.----........------------...... ------------------- ............ $90000 10,90 14,500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----------------------------$7, 542. 12 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929---------------------------- $4, 000 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930----- --------------------- 7, 500 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928------- --------------------- 3, 000 14, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for ----- ---- ----------- 22, 042.12 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1022 REPORT Off.tm OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Gross amount expended----------------------------------------$12, 073. 20 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 9, 968. 92 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 54 2-----6-------------- 269. Balance available June 30, 1930---_------------... ____ 9,699.38 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1932, for maintenance _ ______ _- 10,000. 00 EXAMINATION MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JANUARY 21, 1927 Report dated April 26, 1929, on Amite River, La., above the mouth of Bayou Manchac to its confuence with the Comite River, required by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, was duly submitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for rivers and harbors, pursuant to law, and was trans- mitted to Congress October 7, 1929, but has not yet been printed. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts approved January 21, 1927, and July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Bayou St. John, La. 2. Bayou Plaquemine Brule, La. 3. Bayou Bienvenu, La. 4. Bayou Sennette, Jefferson Parish, La. 5. Bayou Laloutre, La. 6. Bayou Ysclosky, La. 7. Bayou Terre aus Boeuf, and Delacroix Island, La. 8. Grand Bayou Pass, La. 9. Waterway from the intracoastalwaterway to Lake Chien, La., following the composite stream which traverses section 48, township 17 south, range 19 east, parish of Lafourche. 10. Waterway from the New Orleans Industrial Canal, La., to MississippiSound through Lake Borgne, and partly by way of Bayou Bienvenu. 11. Lake Charles Deep Water Channel, La., with a view to main- taining said channel to its enlarged dimensions, and to reporting the amount of contributions in land and money heretofore furnished by local interests for such waterway. 12. Waterway from the Mississippi River to the intracoastalwater- way by way of Bayou Manchac, Amite River, and Lake Maurepas, Pass Manchac, Lake Maurepas, and the Rigolets, La. 13. Bayou Grand Caillou, La. 14. Bayou Petit Anse, Bayou Tigre, and Bayou Carlin, La. 15. Bayou Lafourche, La. / 16. Waterway from Bayou Teche at New Iberia, La., to the intra- coastal waterway by way of the Iberia Commercial Canal and Bayou Carlin. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 1023 17. Bayou LaCarpe, between Bayou Grand Caillou and the intra- coastal waterway. 18. Vermilion River, La. 19. Bayou Cocodrie, Bayou Courtableau,Bayou Boeuf, and Bayou Teche, La. Report on preliminary examination and survey of the intracoastal waterway, Mobile Bay, Ala., to New Orleans, La., required by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925, was duly submitted by the division engineer, Gulf of Mexico division. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for rivers and harbors, pursuant to law, and was transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 341, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for the adoption of a project for an intracoastal waterway from Lake Pontchartrain to Mississippi Sound, with a depth of 9 feet and a width of 100 feet from the 9-foot contour in Lake Pont- chartrain, near the end of the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal, through the Rigolets to the 9-foot contour in Grand Island Pass connecting Lake Borgne with Mississippi Sound, in lieu of the ex- isting project, at an estimated cost of $20,000 with $14,000 annually for maintenance. The division engineer, Gulf of Mexico division, was also charged with the duty of making a preliminary examination and survey pro- vided for by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925, of the inland waterway from New Orleans, La., to Apalachicola River, Fla., and the Apalachicola and Chattahoochee Rivers to Columbus, Ga., with a view to securing a depth suitable to the economical oper- ation of self-propelled barges, and reports thereon will be duly sub- mitted when received. REPORTS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated February 27, 1929, a review of prior reports on the Mississippi River, La., with a view to securing an outlet to deep water in the Gulf of Mexico, was requested. Report thereon was transmitted to the committee June 11, 1930, and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 46, Seventy-first Congress, second session. No additional outlet to deep water in the Gulf of Mexico is deemed advisable at the present time. Other reports, as indicated below, called for by resolutions of the Committee on Rivers and liarbors, House of Representatives, will be submitted as soon as practicable: 1. Review of reports on Lacombe Bayou, La., transmitted to Con- gress December 10, 1924, in compliance with the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922. 2. Report containing information pertaining to a contemplated survey of Bayou Terre an Boeuf and Delacroisa Island, La. 3. Review of reports on Nezpique Bayou? La., printed in House Document Nod 1398, Sixty-fifth Congress, third session. 4. Review of reports on Des Cannes Bayou, La., printed in House Document No. 1398, Sixty-fifth Congress, third session. 11714---N 1930---65 1024 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT The district includes all works of improvements in Texas and in addition the Red River, Tex., Okla., and Ark., above Fulton, Ark.; Sulphur River, Tex. and Ark.; Cypress Bayou and waterway be- tween Jefferson, Tex., and Shreveport, La.; Kiamichi River, Okla.; Little River, Ark.; and Johnsons Bayou, La. District engineer: Maj. Milo P. Fox, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Lieut. Col. Mark Brooke, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Sabine - Neches Waterway, 16. Clear Creek, Tex .---------- 1085 Tex_____________ __-__ 1024 17. Dickinson Bayou, Tex __. 1088 2. Johnsons Bayou, La .__. 1034 18. Chocolate Bayou, Tex ..... 1088 3. The Louisiana and Texas In- 19. Bastrop Bayou, Tex ______ 1089 tracoastal Waterway from 20. Oyster Creek, Tex ......... 1091 the Mississippi River at or 21. Freeport Harbor, Tex .. ___ 1092 near New Orleans, La., to 22. Brazos River, Tex., from Ve- Corpus Christi, Tex. (Sa- lasco to Old Washington__ 1100 bine River-Corpus Christi 23. Channel from Aransas Pass section) ______ 1036 to Corpus Christi, Tex ___ 1100 4. Galveston Harbor, TexN... 1045 24. Channel from Pass Cavallo 5. Galveston Channel, Tex ... 1049 to Port Lavaca, Tex- ... 1105 6. Channel from Galveston 25. Guadalupe River to Victo- Harbor to Texas City, Tex_ 1054 ria, Tex . _ .. 1107 7. Chan nel to Port Bolivar, 26. Port Aransas, Tex .. __. 1108 Tex 1058 27. Brazos Island Harbor, Tex__ 1114 8. Houston Ship Channel, Tex_ 1061 28. Red River from Fulton, Ark., 9. East Bay Bayou (Hanna to mouth of Washita River, Reef), Tex ------------- 1070 Okla _ ________..._-- - 1120 10. Double Bayou, Tex ....... 1070 29. Cypress Bayou and Water- 11. Anahuac Channel, Tex ____ 1.073 way bet ween Jefferson, 12. Turtle Bayou, Tex-------,. 1076 Tex., and Shreveport, La_ 1120 13. Mouth of Trinity .River, Tex_ 1078 30. Examinations, surveys, and 14. Trinity River, Tex______ 1079 contingencies (general) -- 1123 15. Cedar Bayou, Tex________ 1082 1. SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY, TEX. Location and description.-This is a consolidation of the old im- provements of " Harbor at Sabine Pass and Port Arthur Canal" and " Sabine-Neches Canal, including Sabine River to Orange and Neches River to Beaumont, Tex." Sabine Pass is on the Gulf of Mexico, approximately 80 miles east of GalvestoA and 435 miles west of New Orleans. It connects Sabine Lake with the Gulf of Mexico, and is about 7 miles long, the width varying from 1,700 to 5,000 feet. The entrance is protected by two jetties extending into the Gulf about 4 miles. The Port Arthur Canal extends from near the upper end of Sabine Pass to the Port Arthur docks at the mouth of Taylors Bayou, a distance of 7 miles. Near its upper end the Sabine-Neehes Canal joins it and extends to the mouths of the Neches and Sabine Rivers. The waterway next extends up the Neches River to Beaumont and up the Sabine River to Orange. The distances are as follows: Port Arthur Canal to the Neches River, 12 miles; thence to Beaumont, 21 miles; Neches River to Sabine River, 4 miles; thence to Orange, 9.5 miles. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1025 The Sabine River rises in northeast Texas and flows southeasterly approximately 550 miles to Sabine Lake, entering the lake through three passes. The Neches River rises in northeast Texas and flows southeasterly approximately 300 miles to Sabine Lake. The drain- age area of the Sabine is approximately 10,400 square miles and that of the Neches 10,453. The Sabine River is tidal in low water to 15 to 20 miles above Orange, and the Neches River to about Fords Bluff, 35 miles above- Beaumont. Discharge measurements made during the past seven years indicate for the Neches River a discharge varying from 400 to 46,000 cubic feet per second and for the Sabine River a discharge of from 750 to 24,200 cubic feet per second. The average width between banks is 700 feet for the Sabine River and 650 feet for the Neches River. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 517 and 533.) Original condition.-Sabine Pass had a depth of 25 feet at mean low Gulf level, except over a bar 2,000 feet long opposite the town of Sabine Pass, on which there was a depth of 18 feet, and over a bar 200 feet long opposite Fort Point, on which there was a depth of 17 feet. Beyond its mouth, between the exterior and interior 18-foot bottom curves, there was a bar 3 miles long, over which there was a depth of about 6 feet at mean low Gulf level, but on account of the softness of the material ships could pass drawing 10 feet. The Port Arthur Canal is entirely artificial, running through marshland just inside the shore line of Sabine Lake. The turning basins at the Port Arthur docks were constructed by enlarging the lower end of Taylors Bayou, the depth of which was about 8 feet. That portion of the Sabine-Neches Canal from the Port Arthur Canal to the mouths of the Neches and Sabine Rivers is also an arti- ficial cut running along the northwest shore of Sabine Lake. The controlling depths at mean low Gulf level were as follows: In Sabine Lake between the mouths of the Neches and Sabine Rivers, 1 foot; over the bar at the mouth of the Sabine River, 3 feet; over the bar- at the mouth of the Neches River, 3 feet; in the Sabine River, about 15 feet; in the Neches River, about 18 feet. In the Sabine River the head of navigation for logging was about 400 miles from the mouth, and for launches about 25 miles at normal stage and about 175 miles; at flood stage. In the Neches River the head of navigation for log- ging was about 200 miles from the mouth, and for launches Weiss: Bluff, 45 miles, at normal stage. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement of- Sabine Pass was adopted by act of March 3, 1875, and subsequent projects and modifications by acts of August 2, 1882, June 3, 1896, June 13, 1902, and June 19, 1906. The Port Arthur Canal was con- veyed to the United States free of cost in 1906, and the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, incorporated it in the project. The. Sabine and Neches Rivers were first improved under the river and harbor acts of June 18, 1878, and March 3, 1899, and the Sabine-- Neches Canal was first improved under the river and harbor acts of March 3,1905, and March 2, 1907. The project was enlarged by the river and harbor acts of February 27, 1911, July 25, 1912, Marclh 2, 1919, and September 22, 1922. 1026 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The cost and expenditures prior to the adoption of the existing project were $7,560,508.29, of which $5,180,831.51 was charged to new work and $2,379,676.78 charged to maintenance. In addition $577,506.78 was expended from contributed funds for new work, o which $111,348.55 was for construction of the guard lock and $466,158.23 for dredging. For scope of previous projects, see page 1863 of Annual Report for 1915 for the Sabine and Neches Rivers, Sabine Pass, and Port Arthur Canal, and page 985 of the report for 1916 for Sabine-Neches Canal. (See also pp. 1100 and 1105 of Annual Report for 1921, and p. 874 of Annual Report for 1926.) Existing project.-This provides for channel depths at mean low water of 33 feet over Sabine Pass outer bar, 25 feet in the Sabine River from the cut-off below Orange, Tex., up to and including the Orange turning basin, and 30 feet in all other channels and turning basins. The channel bottom widths as now provided for are 450 feet over Sabine Pass outer bar; 300 feet between the Sabine Pass jetties and in Sabine Pass; 200 feet in the Port Arthur Canal; 125 feet in the channel connecting the Gulf Refining Co.'s turning basin in Taylors Bayou with the Port Arthur west turning basin; 150 feet in the Sabine-Neches Canal from the head of the Port Arthur Canal to the mouth of the Neches River; 125 feet in the Sabine-Neches Canal from the mouth of the Neches River to the mouth of the Sabine River and up the Sabine River to the cut-off below Orange, Tex.; 150 feet in the Sabine River from the cut-off below Orange up to the Orange turning basin; 125 feet in cut-offs and 150 feet in the open river in the Neches River from the mouth to Beaumont, Tex. The project also provides for two turning basins at the head of the Port Arthur Canal, one 420 feet wide by 1,800 feet long and the other 600 feet wide by 1,700 feet long, and one turning basin at Orange, Tex., and one at Beaumont, Tex., each 500 feet wide by 1,500 feet long; for extending the Beaumont turning basin upstream over a bottom width of 350 feet to a point 200 feet above the newly con- structed city wharves; for the construction of two passing places in the Sabine-Neches Canal; and for an anchorage basin in Sabine Pass near Sabine Light with a bottom width of 800 feet, including the navigable channel, and a length of 4,500 feet, with dolphins on 100-foot centers along the east side of the basin. The project for jetty work provides for two rubble mound jetties at the pass, the eastern jetty to be 25,270 feet long and the western jetty 21,860 feet long, and includes the removal of the guard lock in the Sabine- Neches Canal. The mean tidal variation at the entrance is about 11/2 feet, at Port Arthur about 1 foot, and at Orange and Beaumont about five-tenths foot. The effect of the wind is often greater than that of the tide. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1928, is $6,250,000, made up as follows: $3,494,500 for dredging work, of which $385,500 has been contributed in cash and useful work performed and $2,755,- 500 for jetty work. The latest (1927) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance dredging is $420,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 25, 1912, provided for the present di- mensions of the jetties (H. Doc. No. 773, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); the acts of September 22, 1922, and January 21, 1927, provided for the RIVERS AND HARBORS--GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1027 dimensions of the channels and turning basins (H. Doc. No. 975, 66th Cong., 3d sess., S. Doc.No. 152, 67th Cong., 2d sess., and H. Doc. No. 287, 69th Cong., 1st sess.), and the act of March 3, 1925, pro- vided for the removal of the guard lock (H. Doc.No. 234, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 975, Sixty-sixth Congress, third session. Recommended modifcations of project.--None. Local cooperation..-In 1902 the Kansas City Southern Railway Co. paid $8,800 for dredging done in the jetty channel by the U. S. dredge Sabine. The old Port Arthur Canal, with turning and lumber basin, was originally constructed by private interests at a cost, in- cluding a strip of land 150 feet wide along the entire canal, of $1,023,- 982.85, and transferred free to the United States, being accepted by the Secretary of War December 13, 1906. The following table gives a summary of the condition of the canal at the time of its acceptance by the United States: Average beWidth Maxi- Mini- Length top 20-foot mum mum width contours depth depth Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet Canal --------------------------------------- 37,600 200 80 25.1 22.0 Turning basin (now east turning basin)-------------- 1,800 625 530 27.1 23.7 Lumber basin (now west turning basin) ----------- 1, 200 160 100 26. 2 23.1 Local interests furnished free of cost to the United States the land needed for the new turning basin, as required by the existing project. The conditions imposed by the river and harbor act of Febrtiary 27, 1911, required the Beaumont navigation district or other local interests and the Orange navigation district or other local interests to furnish free of cost to the United States the necessary right of way for the improvement of Sabine-Neches Canal and Sabine and Neches Rivers and to contribute one-half of the estimated cost of the project, namely $428,000 and $143,500, respectively. The law also provided that the Beaumont navigation district or other local in- terests should become bound in manner satisfactory to the Secretary of War to maintain for three years following completion sections A and C (head of Port Arthur Canal to Beaumont, Tex.), and to maintain the guard lock without cost to the United States until otherwise provided by law; and the Orange navigation district or other local interests should likewise become bound to maintain sec- tion B (mouth of Neches River, to Orange, Tex.) for a period of three years following its completion. All of these conditions were met. The act of March 4, 1915, relieved the Beaumont navigation dis- trict or other local interests from maintaining for three years the open portion of the channel from the head of Port Arthur Canal to the Neches River. To cover certain work not otherwise provided for the Beaumont navigation district of Jefferson County, Tex., con tributed an additional sum of $5,689.33 under the authority of sec- tion 8 of the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, and $765.67 under the provisions of section 4 of the river and harbor act of 1028 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1980 March 4, 1915. The contributions of the Beaumont navigation dis- trict to March 1, 1922, have been $512,368.86, of which $434,928.35 was for new work ($323,579.80 on section C and $111,348.55 on guard lock) and $77,440.51 for maintenance ($16,512.50 on section C and $60,928.01 on guard lock). The contributions of the Orange County navigation district have been $234,973.13, of which $142,- 578.43 was for new work and $92,394.70 for maintenance. The total expenditures of local interests to March 1, 1922, have been $747,341.99. The act of March 2, 1919, required that local interests shall fur- nish and maintain such protection work as in the judgment of the Chief of Engineers may be necessary for the safe passage of vessels through the lock in the Sabine-Neches Canal near Port Arthur, Tex., and the entrances thereto, and shall furnish free of cost to the United States the portions of the island at Beaumont turning basin to be removed, provide suitable dumping grounds, and agree to maintain the additional work recommended in the same manner as they now maintain the present improvement until May 24, 1919. The local interests submitted deeds for the portion of the island to be removed, erected suitable fenders and guide walls at the lock in accordance with plans approved by the Chief of Engineers April 15, 1921, provided suitable dumping grounds, and maintained the guard lock until a permanent by-pass channel was dredged around it in 1926. The river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, adopting a project for the enlargement of the channels and turning basins provided that no expense should be incurred by the United States for acquiring :any lands required for the purpose of the improvement. It pro- vides further " that before entering upon the prosecution of the improvements herein authorized local interests shall guarantee in a manner satidfactory to the Secretary of War that the United States will be held free from any claim for damages resulting from execu- tion of the work hereby authorized." It also required (in accord- ance with S. Doc. 152, 67th Cong., 2d sess., and H. Doc. 975, 66th Cong., 3d sess.) that local interests provide one-half the cost cf dredging the channel from mouth of Neches River to Orange, esti- mated at $175,000; $178,500 for dredging the channel in the Neches River to Beaumont; and the full amount of the first cost (,estimated at $32,000) of deepening to 30 feet, 125 feet wide, the privately con- structed canal and cut-off between the west turning basin and the Gulf Refining Co. turning basin in Taylors Bayou which is taken over under the new project, and deed to the United States free of cost the canal and cut-off and a strip of land approximately 20 feet wide on each side thereof. All these requirements have been com- plied with by the local interests. However, the Gulf Refining Co. dredged at its own expense, in lieu of contributing the $32,000, the privately constructed canal and cut-off between the west turning basin and the Gulf Refining Co.'s turning basin. The river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, adopting the modification revision of the project as recommended in House Document No. 287, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session, provides that local interests shall furnish satisfactory assurances to the Secretary of War and Chief of Engineers that they will provide, without cost to the United States, all necessary rights of way and dumping RIVERS AND HARBORS--GALVESTON, TEX.9 DISTRICT 1029 grounds for the disposal of material removed in connection with the work and its subsequent maintenance; will hold and save the United States from all damage claims resulting from the construction of the enlarged waterway; will maintain that part of the Beaumont turn- ing basin which lies within 75 feet of all municipal wharves; and will construct the proposed dolphins along the Sabine Pass anchorage basin. The United States also reserved the right to require the removal or alteration of the bascule bridge across the Sabine-Neches Canal at Port Arthur, Tex. The bridge has been removed. All of these conditions have been complied with except that no dolphins have been constructed for the Sabine Pass anchorage basin. Terminal facilities.-At Sabine there is a wharf 720 feet long which was used for topping off bulk oil cargoes through pipe lines before the Sabine-Neches Waterway was deepened to 30 feet. This wharf is now used for mooring vessels occasionally and by the Sabine pilots. There are also two slips and a wharf with shed about 400 feet long and another wharf about 275 feet long. Both of these wharves are equipped for handling cargoes of menhaden fish but are now in bad repair and are not used commercially; one has branch rail connection with Texas and New Orleans Railroad. Between the towns of Sabine and Sabine Pass there is a modern sulphur-loading plant consisting of a wharf about 400 feet long, with conveyors and traveling cranes owned by the Union Sulphur Co., and having branch rail connection with the Southern Pacific Railway; also there is a wharf about 400 feet long served by pipe lines for handling of fuel oil. At the town of Sabine Pass there is a wharf about 240 feet long for handling bulk oil. This is served by pipe lines, has connection with loading racks, and also has branch rail connection with the Southern Pacific Railway. At Port Arthur there are wharves and docks with a total linear frontage of 7,919 feet, with extensive ware- houses and sheds, and a modern grain elevator of 555,000 bushels capacity. The warehouses and sheds are not equipped with me- chanical appliances, but are so constructed that cargo of all kinds can be handled. On the Port Arthur turning basin there are also modern wharves, 3,100 feet in length, with warehouses equipped with pipe lines for loading bulk oil and two conveyors for handling case oil, and on Taylors Bayou, about 11/2 miles above the Port Arthur turn- ing basin, is a concrete wharf 2,870 feet long, with modern ware- houses, used exclusively for handling oil. All these Port Arthur wharves have railway and highway connections. All wharves above mentioned are privately owned, but all vessels dock thereat on equal terms. At the city of Port Arthur a small slip has been excavated in the bank of the canal and a small wharf provided for boats bringing products, fish, and oysters and taking out supplies. At Orange, on Sabine River, there are two small wharves owned by the city, used by small vessels free; in addition to these there are several privately owned and operated wharves, two of which are equipped with tramways for handling of lumber. The city has excavated a channel 200 feet wide and 3,000 feet long, extending from the right bank of Sabine River about 1,500 feet below the cut- off toward the town. On this channel the city owns and operates wharfage with a total length of apron of 1,504 linear feet, on which there are warehouses with 72,000 square feet of covered area, the 1030 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 remainder, 15,840 square feet, being open storage space. There are ample railroad facilities at the wharves connecting with all railroads entering the city. The mechanical equipment includes an electric hoist at timber rollway and locomotive crane of 20 tons capacity. The present facilities are adequate for existing commerce. At Beaumont, on the Neches River, the city owns and operates 2,900 feet of wharves, 1,000 feet being of concrete construction, with warehouses and electric-crane equipment. These wharves are open to all on equal terms and have connection with all railroads. There is a concrete wharf 1,515 feet long a little over a mile below the turning basin. This wharf is owned by the Magnolia Petroleum Co. and is equipped for handling oil and oil products through pipe lines. There is also a wharf 400 feet long on land owned by the city just upstream from the turning basin. This wharf has railway con- nection and is used mostly for unloading of lumber. The Yount-Lee Oil Co. has an oil-loading pier 950 feet long on the right bank of the Neches River, 6 miles below Beaumont. The Sun Oil Co. has a slip with a wharf 80 feet long on the right bank of the Neches River, 9.2 miles above the mouth. This wharf is used for loading oil from pipe lines. The Humphreys Pure Oil Co. has an oil-loading wharf 470 feet long on the right bank of the Neches River, 8.7 miles above the mouth. The Magnolia Petroleum Co. has an oil-loading wharf 500 feet long on the right bank of the Neches River, 7.3 miles above the mouth. At Port Neches, on the right bank of the Neches River, about 6 miles above the mouth, the Texas Co. owns and operates privately a wharf 468 feet long, with frame ware- houses 96 by 312 feet, equipped with pipe lines for handling oil and having rail connection for handling a general cargo. The Atlantic Refining Co. has a wharf 180 feet long and an auxiliary wharf 50 feet long for loading oil from pipe lines on the right bank of the Neches River 2 miles above the mouth. Near the mouth on the left bank of Neches River a wharf, erected by the Humble Oil & Refining Co., is equipped with pipe lines for handling oil. The present facilities are adequate for the existing commerce, and there is ample room for future enlargement. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 14, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.--The improvements have enabled deep- draft ocean-going vessels to enter and have resulted in the develop- ment of a very large commerce, principally crude and refined petro- leum. The extension of the channel to Beaumont and Orange has resulted in saving the cost of lighterage on large quantities of. oils and lumber. A further result has been that Beaumont and Orange have been placed on a parity with other Gulf ports as to freight rates on export and import traffic from Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas City, and other commercial centers. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Miscellaneous survey work was done at various places on the waterway. The U. S. sea- going hopper dredge Galveston did maintenance dredging in the Sabine Pass jetty channel and on the Sabine Pass outer bar from May 22, 1930, to June 30, 1930, removing 1,231,721 cubic yards. The U. S. pipe-line dredge Sam Houston did maintenance dredging from July 1, 1929, to May 11, 1930, and from June 4, 1930, to June 10, 1930, removing 1,020,445 cubic yards from the Port Arthur Canal and RIVERS AND HARBORS--GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1031 turning basins, and 148,749 cubic yards from the Neches River. The U. S. pipe-line dredge Sam Houston did new dredging work in the U. S. slip at the Port Arthur, Tex., field office from May 12, 1930, to June 3, 1930, removing 65,90'~cubic yards. The U. S. pipe-line dredge Raymond did maintenance dredging from September 26, 1929, to June 30, 1930, removing 1,005,788 cubic yards from the Sabine- Neches Canal and 9,285 cubic yards from the Neches River. The U. S. pipe-line dredge Kimble did maintenance dredging from June 19, 1930, to June 30, 1930, removing 5,578 cubic yards from the Neches River. Contract was completed for new dredging work from July 1, 1929, to May 14, 1930, removing 388,888 cubic yards from the Beaumont turning-basin extension and 421,942 cubic yards from two passing places and some widening near the Port Arthur field office in the Sabine-Neches Canal. The total amount of dredging done during the fiscal year was 4,298,299 cubic yards, of which 876,733 cubic yards was new work and 3,421,566 cubic yards was maintenance. The Sabine Pass east jetty was repaired under contract from station 129+15 to station 240+-95, a distance of 11,180 feet, by placing 24,237.76 tons of new slope and capstone, picking up and replacing 1,379 old slope and capstone in pieces weighing 2 tons or more, and using a derrick and crew 30 hours in picking up and replacing stone in pieces weighing less than 2 tons. The total cost during the fiscal year was $756,849.84, of which $590,419.28 was for maintenance and $166,430.56 for new work. The total expended during the fiscal year was $749,892.63. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The Sabine Pass jetties are com- pleted to full project dimensions. The east jetty is now being repaired by contract. Plans and specifications are being prepared covering proposed repairs to the Sabine Pass west jetty. The project for dredging is completed except a small amount of widening of the inner end of the Sabine Pass jetty channel and dredging the proposed anchorage basin in Sabine Pass, which work can not be commenced until required local cooperation has been met. The new revetment and wharf at the Port Arthur, Tex., field office have not been constructed. The entitre project is 97 per cent completed. The controlling depths below mean low Gulf level on June 30, 1930, were as follows: Sabine Pass outer bar, 33 feet; Sabine Pass jetty channel, 30 feet; Sabine Pass, 30 feet; Port Arthur Canal, 30 feet; Port Arthur turning basin, 30 feet; Sabine-Neches Canal from head of Port Arthur Canal to Neches River, 30 feet; Sabine-Neches Canal from mouth of Neches River to mouth of Sabine River, 27 feet; Neches River mouth to Beaumont turning basin, 30 feet; Sabine River mouth to cut-off near Orange, 30 feet; Sabine River, cut-off up to Orange, 22 feet; Orange turning basin, 18 feet. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year 1930 has been as follows: New work Maintenance Total United States funds...-- --................. ---------------- $4,694,337.37 $2, 503,755.15 $7,198, 092. 52 Contributed funds - -------------... .............. 353, 500. 00 ---------------- 353, 500. 00 Total-............------------------- - 5,047, 837. 37 2, 503, 755. 15 7, 551, 592. 52 1032 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. -ARMY, 1930 The total expended to the end of the fiscal year was $7,374,322.42, which includes $1,965.49 for Mississippi River flood-relief work. In addition $353,500 was expended from contributed funds for new dredging work. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance July 1, 1930, amounting to $1,143,928.83, will be applied as follows: New work: Payment of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1930-------------.. $5, 000. 00 Dredging Sabine Pass jetty channel to project dimensions with a rented United States pipe-line dredge, three months, at $22,000 ------------------------------------------ 66, 000. 00 Reconstruction of wharf and revetment at Port Arthur (Tex.), field office ----------------------------- ____ 28, 000. 00 Expenses of Port Arthur (Tex.) field office----------- 7, 000. 00 District and division office expense------------------------ 7, 000. 00 Total for new work-.._ _-_ _- 113, 000. 00 Maintenance: Payment of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1930_ 95, 891. 14 Dredging inland channels with a United States pipe-line dredge, nine months, at $22,000__ 198, 000. 00 Dredging inland channels with a rented United States pipe- line dredge, six months, at $13,000_ 78, 000.00 Operations of a rented United States seagoing-hopper dredge on Sabine Pass outer bar and in Sabine Pass jetty chan- nel, four months, at $24,000-__------_---- ___-- 96, 000. 00 Complete contract for repairs to Sabine Pass east jetty----- 230, 000. 00 Enter into contract and repair Sabine Pass west jetty-------- 230, 000. 00 Repairs and additions to United States plant--- 39, 037. 69 Expenses of Port Arthur (Tex.), field office____________ _ 32, 000. 00 District and division office expenses ----------------------- 32, 000. 00 Total for maintenance------- .....------------- _ 1, 030, 928. 83 Grand total_____ __ __ ---- - .-.----------- 1, 143, 928. 83 The funds will be expended at a fairly uniform rate and will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The funds available will complete the existing project except the Sabine Pass anchorage basin. With $650,000 which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, it is proposed to do the following maintenance work: Dredging inland channels with a rented United States pipe-line dredge, 12 months, at $22,000------------------------------- $264, 000 Dredging inland channels with a rented United States pipe-line dredge, six months, at $16,100---------------------- ___ _ 96, 600 Operation of a rented United States sea-going hopper dredge on Sabine Pass outer bar and in Sabine Pass jetty channel, four months, at $24,000 ----------------------------------------- 96, 000 Repairs and additions to United States floating plant and other plant at Port Arthur (Tex.) field office-----------______--____ 70, 000 Expenses Port Arthur (Tex.) field office___ 48, 000 District and division office expenses- ------__-------------- _ 36, 000 Miscellaneous and contingencies-__.___-__- -_____-- - 39, 400 Total ______------------------- --------- 650, 000 The amount requested for maintenance exceeds the average annual expenditure during the preceding five years, due to the enlargement of channels. No funds can be profitably expended for new work, since local interests have expressed no desire to meet local cooperation as re- quired in connection with the construction of the Sabine Pass anchorage basin. RIVERS AND HARBORS---GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1033 Commercial statistics.-In general, the commerce for 1929 con- sisted of crude petroleum and its refined products, lumber and forest products, sulphur, chemicals, shell, grain, iron and steel, and general merchandise. Increase of tonnage for 1926, 1928, and 1929 due to increased movement of crude oil, lumber, and timber, and decrease for 1927 due to decreased movement of these commodities. The full project depth is needed for practically all the commerce. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 20 to 30 feet to Port Arthur turning basin and 20 to 30 feet to Beaumont and Orange. Comparative statement Sabine Pass Port Arthur Canal Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Short tons Value Passengers 1925----------- --- 12, 239, 554 $43, 866, 617 138 48 8,8,8, 766, 1 2 518 $258, 592, 171 138 1926__-.----- ---- - " 1, 714, 590 25, 486 316 116 954, 593 200, 143, 003 116 1927----------- 5 737, 090 9, 252 780 65 021, 823 175, 464, 380 65 1928---------------- 7 227, 616 2, 231, 045 11 8 8, 182, 967 187, 417, 731 152 1929..------------- ---- 9479, 633 4, 526, 939 _---------- to 9, 198, 814 198, 021, 367 780 Sabine River Neches River Sabine-Neches Canal Calendar year Pas- Pas- Pas- Short tons Value sen- Short tons Value sen- Short tons Value sen- gers gers gers 1925______ 729, 543 $16, 702, 845 2 5, 239, 766 $153, 202, 590 16 115, 480, 041 $175,404, 556 17 1926______ 12759, 163 12, 396, 382 8 6, 473, 864 135, 256, 601 20 13 492, 653 8, 206, 986 28 1927 _ 14 460, 160 13, 596, 752 - - 8, 068, 306 137, 780, 983 33 1515, 715 14, 070 33 1928 ..... 16393, 527 9, 734, 625 33 10, 228, 286 150, 199, 230 26 1721, 950 16, 221 _ 1929 . - 18 275, 295 6, 601, 541 6 12, 004, 725 150, 314, 107 614 1930, 534 19, 450 1 Exclusive of 12,985,057 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $419, 966, 490. 2 Exclusive of 4,968,447 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $162,636,041. 3 Exclusive of 14,553,869 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $348,340,946. 4 Exclusive of 6,301,831 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $135,845,452. 5 Exclusive of 16,140,735 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $325,952,990. 6 Exclusive of 8,346,012 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $150,801,382. 7 Exclusive of 18,354,801 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $351,154,672. 8 Exclusive of 11,551,563 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $189,573,295. 9 Exclusive of 21,086,221 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $363,912,366. i0 Exclusive of 12,127,433 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $166,945,131. 11Of this, 4,968,447 tons, valued at $162,636,041, was in transit. 12 Exclusive of 217,145 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $3,974,875. 13Exclusive of 6,301,821 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $135,845,452. 14Exclusive of 300,490 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $6,853,514. 15Exclusive of 8,346,012 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $150,801,382. 16Exclusive of 532,196 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $13,738,423. 17 Exclusive of 10,309,958 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $164,014,005. 18Exclusive of 509,397 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $15 247,183. 19 Exclusive of 12,127,433 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $166,034,309. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------- $9, 875, 168. 88 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------- -------- 4, 883, 431. 93 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930- - _____ 14, 758, 600. 81 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 __- ____ 206, 188.01 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 -------------------- 14, 964, 788. 82 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 49, 414. 80 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930----------- ----- 15, 014, 203. 62 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 --------------------- -79, 372. 91 Net total expenditures- -- 14, 934, 830. 71 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 1, 143, 928. 83 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-- 6,078, 759. 54 1--------- 1034 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------------................ $547, 128. 24 $660, 545. 24 $557, 521.82 $401, 646. 26 $166, 430. 56 Cost of maintenance------------..... 248, 043. 83 268, 126. 01 349, 778. 22 166, 811.22 590, 419. 28 Total cost---------------. 795, 172. 07 928, 671.25 907, 300. 04 568, 457. 48 756, 849. 84 Total expended....---------------- 795, 172. 07 928,671.25 933, 219. 91 690, 407. 76 749, 892. 63 Allotted.. ..-------------------- 1, 100, 000. 00 740, 000. 00 1, 158,815.64 824, 000. 00 306, 700. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--_______- $1,587, 121. 46 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved May 28, 1930-------------------------------------656, 700. 00 Amount to be accounted for-----___--_____ ___ __- _ 2, 243, 821.46 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment --------------- 350, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for--------------------------- 1, 893, 821.46 Gross amount expended-__--__--- ------- . $750, 154. 83 Less receipts from sales--------------- ----- 262. 20 749, 892. 63 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------------1, 143, 928. 83 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 __- __--_ 104, 891. 14 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts-..---- 251, 846. 87 356, 738. 01 Balance available June 30, 1930 -------------------- 7__ 190. 82 787, Accounts receivable June 30, 1930_---------------- --------- 49,414.80 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930_---------------__ 836, 605. 62 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - of existing project -- - - 99,000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending - ---- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 ___ 650, 000. 00 2. JOHNSONS BAYOU, LA. Location and description.L Johnsons Bayou rises in the extreme southwestern portion of Louisiana and flows northwest about 7 miles to Sabine Lake. That portion above Deep Bayou, 41/2 miles from the mouth, is known also as Shallow Bayou. Both Johnsons and Shallow Bayous are crooked, with many sharp bends, have widths from 50 to 125 feet, and are tidal throughout the navigable portion. No discharge measurements have been made. The drainage area is approximately 36 square miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 517.) Original condition.-The minimum usable mean low-water depths were as follows: Across the bar, about 21/2 feet; from the bar to within a few hundred yards of the junction of Shallow and Deep Bayous, about 5 feet; and thence to and in Shallow Bayou, about 21/2 feet. At high tide light-draft boats went up Shallow Bayou about 1 mile, making the total length of the navigable portion of this waterway 5 /2 miles. Previous projects.-None. Ewisting project.--This provides for a 6-foot channel at mean low Gulf level through the bar at the mouth of Johnsons Bayou. No SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1035 width was specified. The mean tidal variation is about 1 foot. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1897, was $2,500. No estimate for annual cost of maintenance has been approved. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 299, 54th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1897, p. 1789). No map has been published. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is one small wharf about 20 feet long situated at the "lower landing." It is owned by the Ward and is free for public use. This wharf has highway connections, but no freight-handling facilities are available, nor is there connection with a railroad. It is sufficient for present requirements. Effect of improvement.--This waterway affords the only outlet for the commerce of the locality. The improvement has facilitated navigation across the bar. Operations and results during fiscal year.-During October, 1929, the bar at the mouth of Johnson's Bayou was dredged to a depth of about 9 feet below mean low Gulf level, by the removal of 29,103 cubic yards. The cost during the fiscal year was $7,272.92. The amount expended during the fiscal year was $7,275.09, all for mainte- nance dredging done by leased plant. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1899 at a saving of $238 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth over the bar at the mouth of Johnson's Bayou, at the end of fiscal year 1930, was 6.5 feet below mean low Gulf level. The total cost to the end of fiscal year 1930 was $40,445.98, of which $2,261.35 was for new work and $38,184.63 for maintenance. The total expended to the end of the fiscal year 1930 was $40,445.98. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended July 1, 1930, amount- ing to $8,111.06, will be used to redredge the channel by operating a United States or rented dredge. The funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. With $7,000 which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, it is expected to redredge the channel to project dimen- sions. This amount exceeds the average annual expenditure during the preceding five years, due to the fact that the channel has not been dredged each year. Commercial statistics. The principal items of freight moved dur- ing 1929 were cotton, clays, lumber, and general merchandise. Com- merce is carried on with gasoline boats and with barges. The full project depth is needed for practically all the commerce. Decrease in tonnage for 1927 and 1928 was due to the decrease in movement of livestock and general merchandise. The increases for 1926 and 1929 were due to the movement of a large number of cattle and other animals, fuel oil, cotton, and general merchandise. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 2 to 3 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925---------- 924 $341,420 717 1928.......... 817 $298,155 369 1926-._- 2, 049 275, 815 416 1929.......... 1, 413 261, 338 353 1927-- .- 1, 163 345, 815 607 1036 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1930 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------- $2, 261. 35 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_--------------__________ ___ 38, 184. 63 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 __________-__ 40, 445. 98 Net total expenditures------------- -------------------- 40, 445.98 "Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 8,111. 06 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 _____.________-- - 48, 557. 04 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work --- -------......----- Cost of maintenance. .------------------- $397.04 $5,552.28- - . 02 13. $7, 272.92 ! ~ !---- - ~1--- Total expended--------..........---------------- 397.04 5, 552.28 ...... _____.... 10. 85 7, 275. 09 + -- I - --- -- Allotted i ----------------------------- 6,000.00 6, 000. 00 8, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------ ----------------------- $7, 386. 15 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------- 8, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for ---------------------------- 15, 386. 15 Gross amount expended------------------------------------- 7, 275.09 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------------- 8, 11. 06 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, f6r maintenance --------------------------------- 7, 000. 00 3. THE LOUISIANA AND TEXAS INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY FROM THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT OR NEAR NEW ORLEANS, LA., TO COR- PUS CHRISTI, TEX. (SABINE RIVER-CORPUS CHRISTI SECTION) Location and description.--This section of the intracoastal water- way will extend from the junction of the Calcasieu-Sabine section with the Sabine River, about 3 miles below Orange, down the Sabine River and Sabine-Neches Canal about 23 miles to the head of the Port Arthur Canal; thence in a southwesterly direction for about 15 miles; thence approximately parallel with the Gulf coast about 15 miles, where it enters Mud Bayou in the vicinity of High Island; thence across the bends of Mud and East Bay Bayous about 61/2 miles to near the head of East Galveston Bay; thence across the marsh at the extreme eastern end of East Galveston Bay to Bolivar Peninsula, about 41/2 miles, and along this peninsula about 20 miles to deep water in Galveston Bay in the vicinity of Port Bolivar; thence about 5 miles via Galveston Bay and Galveston Channel to Galveston; thence 21/2 miles through Galveston Channel to its ex- treme western end; thence about 31/ miles through Galveston Bay to the bascule bridge in the Galveston Causeway; thence in a west- erly direction about 5 miles across West Bay to the north shore; thence along the north shore of West Bay about 12 miles to the ex- treme end of Alligator Point; thence about 3 miles across West Bay in a westerly direction to the west shore; thence about 131/ miles along the northwesterly shores of Bastrop, Oyster, and Drum Bays 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS---GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1037 to the existing 5-foot canal at the extreme west end of Drum Bay; thence ,bout 291/2 miles along the coast following in general the alinement of the existing 5-foot canal to the extreme eastern end of Matagorda Bay except that the new route passes around Cedar Lakes on the north shore; thence along the north shore of Matagorda Bay, about 39.1 miles, to Palacios Point; thence across Matagorda Bay in a southwesterly direction, about 15 miles, to Port O'Connor; thence along the north shores of Barroom and Shoal Water Bays, 19 miles, to San Antonio Bay near Grass Island; thence in a south- westerly direction, about 8.5 miles, across San Antonio Bay to Mustang Lake; thence about 11.9 miles along the north shores of San Antonio and Mesquite Bays to Aransas Bay near Dunham Island; thence through Aransas Bay, about 22 miles, to Port Aransas; thence about 21 miles along the existing ship channel from Port Aransas to Corpus Christi, Tex. The total length is about 295 miles, of which about 81 miles will require no work. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1116, 1117, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, and 1286.) Originalcondition.-This section of the intracoastal waterway will follow existing channels from the point where the Calcasieu-Sabine section enters the Sabine River down the Sabine River and the Sabine-Neches Canal to the head of the Port Arthur Canal. The channel to be dredged extends from this point to deep water in Galveston Bay near Port Bolivar. From near Port Bolivar to the extreme western end of Galveston Channel traffic will follow existing improved channels. The portion to be dredged extends through prairie lowlands and marshy ground from the head of the Port Arthur Canal southwesterly to Mud and East Bay Bayous, down these streams across the bends to the head of East Bay, thence across the marsh at the head of East Bay and along the marsh of Bolivar Peninsula to deep water in Galveston Bay near Port Bolivar. From Galveston Bay to Corpus Christi the waterways formerly consisted of artificial channels and a chain of bays, bayous, and rivers, varying in depth at low water from 2 to 6 feet between Gal- veston and the Brazos River; from 1/2 foot to 5 feet between the Brazos River and Matagorda Bay; from 5 to 12 feet through Mata- gorda Bay; from 21/2 to 10 feet between the west end of Matagorda Bay and Aransas Pass; a total distance of about 198 miles, of which about 177 miles, Galveston to Aransas Pass, has been improved under the 5 by 40 foot canal project for " Inland waterway coast of Texas," and about 21 miles under the 25 by 200 foot project " Channel from Aransas Pass to Corpus Christi, Tex." From Galveston to Corpus Christi the existing project route will follow in general the route it supersedes, except that it will pass through the marsh along the north shores of West, Bastrop, Oyster, Drum, Matagorda, Barroom, Shoal Water, San Antonio and Mesquite Bays, and Cedar Lakes. Previous projects.-Sabine River-Galveston Bay section.-None. Galveston Bay Corpus Christi section.-The original projects for the different sections constituting this section of the waterway were adopted by the following river and harbor acts: (1) West Galveston Bay and Brazos River Canal, Tex., act of July 13, 1892, modified by acts of July 8, 1896, and June 13, 1902, the latter providing for the purchase of the Galveston and Brazos 1038 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 8 0 River Canal, and the act of March 2, 1907, which combined West Galveston Bay Channel and the Brazos River Canal under one appropriation. (H. Doc. No. 640, 59th Cong., 2d sess.) (2) Channel between Brazos River and Matagorda Bay, Tem., act of June 25, 1910 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 3, 61st Cong., 2d sess.), and act of March 2, 1919 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 3, 63d Cong., ).st sess.). (3) Channel from Pass Cavallo to Aransas Pass, Tex.. act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 640, 59th Cong., 2d sess.), modified by act of July 25, 1912, providing a change of channel route so as to pass by the town of Port O'Connor, Tex. For a full description of all previous projects see pages 941, 944, and 947 of Annual Report for 1926. The total cost of all previous projects prior to operation under the existing project to June 30, 1930, was $1,616,407.72, of which $534,- 161.70 was for new work and $1,082,246.02 for maintenance. The total expenditures on previous projects to June 30, 1930, were $1,772,259.33. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 9 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet bottom width, with 1 footivercut in artificial cuts, and 2 feet in lakes, from Sabine River to Corpus Christi, Tex. The section of the waterway from the Sabine River end of the Calcasieu-Sabine section to the Port Arthur Canal passes through channels having dimensions larger than those approved from this waterway. From Galveston Bay near Port Bolivar to the west end of Galveston Channel and from Aransas Pass to Corpus Christi the route also follows channels having dimensions larger than those ap- proved for the waterway. The project also authorizes the purchase or construction of a 20-inch pipe-line dredge and provides for locks in the canal on each side at the Brazos River crossing. The mean tidal variation is 0.5 foot at Orange, 1 foot at Port Arthur, 1.7 feet in Galveston Bay, 1.8 feet at Freeport, 1 foot in Matagorda Bay, and 1 foot at Corpus Christi. The extreme ranges of tide under ordinary conditions are 1 foot at Orange, 1.5 feet at Port Arthur, 2.3 feet in Galveston Bay, 2.5 feet at Freeport, 1.5 feet in Matagorda Bay, and 1.5 feet at Corpus Christi. The height of tides is dependent largely on the wind. Strong north winds have depressed the water as much as 2 feet below mean low tide. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1927, is $9,600,000 (including $600,000 for a dredge), and $530,000 for annual mainte- nance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1925, adopted the section of the waterway from Sabine River to Galveston Bay, and the act of January 21, 1927, adopted the section from Galveston Bay to Corpus Christi, Tex. (H. Doc. No. 238, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps are in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor acts of March 3, 1925, and January 21, 1927 (H. Doc. No. 238, 68th Cong., 1st sess.), pro- vide that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any land required for the improvement and that local interests shall defray the cost of constructing or remodeling all high- RIVERS AND HARBORS--GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1039 way bridges, together with their subsequent maintenance and opera- tion, and shall furnish without cost to the United States all rights of way and necessary spoil disposal areas. Work shall not be commenced until the Secretary of War has re- ceived satisfactory assurances that there will be available, by the date of its completion, adequate vessels, terminals, and auxiliary equip- ment for the economical handling of at least 400,000 tons annually on the Sabine River (Galveston Bay section), and 300,000 tons annually on the Galveston Bay (Corpus Christi section), and that the general carrier service required for the New Orleans-Sabine River section will be extended to terminals on Galveston Bay and at Houston. Local interests have not complied with all of these requirements but have furnished some rights of way and dumping grounds for the Sabine River-Galveston Bay section and have furnished satisfactory assurances covering terminals, vessels, and auxiliary equipment for the whole waterway. Terminal facilities.-There are terminal facilities at Orange, Port Arthur, Galveston, Freeport, Port Aransas, and Corpus Christi, where this waterway follows channels improved under other projects. (For a full description of these terminals see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series Nos. 6 and 14, Corps of Engineers, and p. 951 of Annual Report for 1926.) Effect of improvement.-No work of improvement has been done except under the old projects a channel 5 feet deep below mean low tide, with 40 feet bottom width from Galveston to Corpus Christi, was completed which afforded a light-draft inland channel. Com- pletion of the existing project will provide a channel of usable depth from the Sabine River end of the Sabine-Calcasieu section of the Louisiana-Texas Intracoastal Waterway to Orange, Beaumont, Port Arthur, Galveston, Texas City, Houston, Freeport, Gulf, Matagorda, Port Aransas, and Corpus Christi, Tex. Operations and results during fiscal year-New work.-Miscel- laneous office and field work was done to aid local interests in securing the required local cooperation from the Sabine River to Galveston Bay. An agreement was executed covering the construction of a combined railroad and highway bridge on the Port Arthur-Sabine road south of Port Arthur, Tex. Progress has been made on an agreement covering the construction of a railroad bridge over Mud Bayou near High Island, Tex. All rights of way and dumping grounds have been secured through Jef- ferson and Chambers Counties. For the section of the waterway from Galveston Bay to Corpus Christi local interests have been furnished completed maps and have been requested to secure rights of way and dumping grounds. The cost of the existing project during the fiscal year was $6,556.81, all for new work, done by hired labor and Government plant. The amount expended for new work on the existing project during the fiscal year was $7,657.02. Maintenance: The following work was done on maintenance of the 5 by 40 foot project: West Galveston Bay and Brazos River Canal, Tex.-The log booms at the Brazos River end of the section were operated and main- 11714---ENG 1930-----66 1040 REPORT~OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1980 tained. Maintenance dredging was done with the leased dredge Bulldog between September 13, 1929, and December 7, 1929. The dredge restored the channel to project dimensions where needed, between the Brazos River and Deer Islands, West Galveston Bay, a distance of 28 miles; 186,269 cubic yards of material were removed. The cost during the fiscal year was $21,117.59. The expenditures for the fiscal year were $23,232.21. Channel between Brazos River and Matagorda Bay, Tex.-The four bridges crossing the section were operated and maintained. Maintenance dredging was done with the two leased dredges Bulldog and Diesel No. 1 as follows: Dredge Bulldog, operating between July 1, 1929, and September 12, 1929, and between December 8, 1929, and June 30, 1930; dredge Diesel No. 1, operating between August 13 and August 22, 1929. The dredges restored the channel to project dimen- sions from Matagorda Bay to the Brazos River and performed main- tenance work in the new channel across the bar at the mouth of the Colorado River. The total length of channel over which the dredges worked was 30 miles in the main channel and about 11/2 miles in channel across the bar at the mouth of the Colorado River. The total yardage dredged during the fiscal year was 640,808 cubic yards. Cost for the fiscal year was $64,998.69. The expenditures for the fiscal year were $66,994.83. Channel from Pass Cavllo to Aransas Pass, Tex.-No dredging was done. The Port O'Connor bulkheads were repaired. There were no expenditures during the fiscal year. The cost was $35.33, all charged to maintenance. The total cost of work on the entire project during the year was $92,708.42, of which $6,556.81 was for new work on the 9-foot project and $86,151.61 was for maintenance of the 5-foot channel under previous projects. The expenditures amounted to $97,884.06. Condition at end of fiscal year-New work.-No construction has been commenced nor contracts let for the 9-foot waterway provided for under the existing project, as the required local cooperation has not been met. The route has been surveyed and rights of way and dumping grounds for the Sabine River-Galveston Bay section have been secured through Jefferson and Chambers Counties, and the titles and deeds have been examined. An agreement has been exe- cuted covering the construction, maintenance, and division of cost of a proposed combined railroad and highway bridge over an artificial cut near Port Arthur, Tex. An agreement is being prepared cover- ing the construction, operation, and maintenance of a railroad bridge over Mud Bayou near High Island, Tex. The route from Galveston Bay to Corpus Christi has been surveyed and maps of the route have been completed. Maps for securing rights of way and dumping grounds from Galveston Bay to Corpus Christi, Tex., have been delivered to local interests. The total cost of new work on the 9-foot project to the end of the fiscal year was $88,433.95. The total expended on the 9-foot project to end of fiscal year was $90,314. Maintenance (previous projects) : The controlling depths in the 5 by 40 foot waterway on June 30, 1930, were as follows: West Galveston Bay and Brazos River Canal, Te.-Ruling depth about 4 feet at mean low tide, with a bottom width of over 40 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1041 This shoal is confined to Oyster Bay, the bottom of which consists of soft mud. Channel between Brazos River and Matagorda Bay, Tex.-Ruling depth about 41/2 feet at mean low tide between the Brazos River and the westerly end of Dog Island Reef Cut, except between the San Bernard River and the Brazos River, where the channel is filled with material deposited during the May, 1930, rise of the Brazos River to a ruling depth of 31/2 feet. The ruling depth in the dredged channel across the bar at the mouth of the Colorado River was about 4 feet on a bottom width of about 60 feet. Between the north end of the dredged channel and the river the ruling depth is about 21/2 feet at mean low tide. Channel from Pass Cavallo to Aransas Pass, Tex.-Ruling depth 4 feet at mean low tide, 40 feet wide on bottom from Matagorda Bay to and into Mezquite Bay, thence 4 feet deep and over 40 feet wide on bottom to Long Reef, with from 5 to 8 feet, thence to Aransas Pass, Tex. (Port Aransas). The cost and expenditures on the 5-foot waterway are included in the cost and expenditures given in the paragraph Previous projects. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended July 1, 1930 amount- ing to $2,311,208.16 will be applied during the fiscal year 1931 as follows : New work : Payment of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1930_ _______ $1.05 Miscellaneous survey and office work-------- ---- - ---- 5, 000. 00 Payment for railroad bridges over artificial channels near Port Arthur and High Island, Tex___ . . 420,000.00 Enter into continuing contracts for dredging in the waterway from Sabine River to Galveston Bay, dredge an entrance channel to the waterway from Taylors Bayou by way of Salt Bayou, and field supervision-.....___..-.... 1, 574, 000. 00 District and division office expense-------------------_-_ _ 60, 000. 00 Miscellaneous and contingencies.__--....__ __..... 98, 276. 78 Total for new work ------------------------------ 2, 157, 277. 83 Maintenance : West Galveston Bay-Brazos River Canal, Tex.- Channel dredging, by hired plant or by contract, about 3 months--------- ---------------------------- 18, 000. 00 District and division office expenses, 12 months ---- 2, 400. 00 Miscellaneous and contingencies---------------- __ -__ 3, 986.97 Outstanding liabilities July 1, 1930____-______ - -_ 196. 31 Total ------------------------------------ 24, 583. 28 ('hannel between Brazos River and Matagorda Bay, Tex.- Channel dredging by hired plant or by contract, about four months -------------------------------- 24, 588. 90 Maintenance of channel across bar, at mouth of the Colorado River ---------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 Operation and maintenance of four bridges, 12 months__ 6, 471. 58 Repairs and additions to United States floating plant---- 40, 788. 75 Operation and maintenance of log booms---------------- 1, 608. 00 District and division office expenses, 12 months---------- 3, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities July 1, 1930 __------_---___ 10, 384. 63 Total __--- 96, 841.86 1042 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY, 1930 Maintenance--Continued. Channel from Pass Cavallo to Aransas Pass, Tex.- Channel dredging by hired plant or by contract, about four months------------------------------------- $24, 000. 00 Repairs to Port O'Connor bulkheads .----- _ -_ -3, 000. 00 -____ District and division office expenses, 12 months---------- 3, 000.00 Miscellaneous and contingencies --- __-------__ _ 2, 469. 86 Outstanding liabilities July 1, 1930 --------- ________ -35. 33 Total--------- --------------------------- 32, 505. 19 Total for maintenance______---__-__ ____------- 153, 930. 33 Total for new work and maintenance-------------- 2,311, 208. 16 It is expected that the funds available for maintenance will be expended at a fairly uniform rate and will be exhausted by June 30, 1931, and that the funds for new work will be expended or obligated, provided conditions of local cooperation are complied with. With the $1,992,400 that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, it is proposed to do the following work: New work: Complete continuing contracts for dredging Sabine River- Galveston Bay section------__---------------_____-- $600, 000 Payments on continuing contracts to dredge Galveston Bay- Brazos River section of waterway _______-_ -__--- ___ 1, 102, 000 District and division office expenses_-- -__------------36, 000 Miscellaneous and contingencies___________ _______ 24, 400 Total for new work___ --_____ --- __-_________---1, 852, 400 Maintenance: West Galveston Bay-Brazos River Canal, Tex.- Dredging by leased plant or by contract_--__ ________ 18, 000 District and division offices _______ - ___-- - - _ 1, 000 Total --------------------------------------------- 19, 000 Channel between Brazos River and Matagorda Bay, Tex.- Dredging by leased plant or by contract ________-----_ 30, 000 Dredging bar, mouth of the Colorado River-___- __- ___ 5, 000 Repairs and additions to floating plant_ 3--------------------3 000 Maintenance and operation, four bridges --------- ____ 8, 400 Maintenance and operation, log booms_________________ -1, 600 District and division office, expenses ----- -___-______-_ 3, 000 Total--------------------------------------------- 81, 000 Channel from Pass Cavallo to Aransas Pass, Tex.- Dredging channel by leased plant or by contract----------- 36, 000 Repairs to Port O'Connor bulkheads___________-__________ 3, 000 District and division office, expenses_______________ 1, 000 Total --------------------------------------------- 40, 000 Total of maintenance_------ ------------ __ 140, 000 Total for new work and maintenance____-__-__-____ 1, 992, 400 The amount required for maintenance under previous projects is in excess of average expended for that purpose during the last five years, because of extensive shoaling in the sections of the waterway, especially from Pass Cavallo to Aransas Pass, and deferred main- tenance. RIVERS AND HARBORS---GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1043 Commercial statistics.-No statistics have been collected for the section of the waterway between Sabine River and Galveston Bay. The commerce on the waterway south of Galveston Bay is as follows: West Galveston Bay and Brazos River Canal, Tex.-Fish, oysters, oil, and general merchandise constituted the only items handled over this waterway during 1926, 1927, 1928, and 1929, so far as could be determined. The increase for 1927 was caused by movement of crude oil, and the decreases for 1928 and 1929 caused by decreased movements of this item. The record of vessels using this part of the inland waterway was obtained from the drawbridge tender at the Galveston Causeway. The tonnage of freight and value was obtained from the records of those using the waterway. Chocolate and Bastrop Bayous and Oyster Creek are feeders of this waterway. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 2 to 5 feet. The full project depth is needed for the movement of all freight, except fish and oysters. Comparative statement Calendar year Vessels Vessel Short tons, Value Passengers 1925-------------------------------------- 2,310 15, 752 110 $62, 400 318 1926_ ___------- _-------------------- 2, 303 22, 084 132 31, 878 46 1927------- ---------------------------- 2, 716 23, 476 2, 699 64, 242 _........... 1928_- .-----.---.-.-.---.----------------2, 446 13, 050 1, 766 31, 169 -.-..---- 1929__ ..-- ..-------------- - 3, 147 16, 452 592 7, 849 The vessel tonnage is estimated. Channel between Brazos River and Matagorda Bay, Tex.-Mud shell, fish, oysters, and general merchandise were the principal items moved over this section of the inland waterway during 1926, 1927, 1928, and 1929. Increases for 1926 and 1928 were due to increased movement of mud shell. Decreases for 1927 and 1929 in tonnage due to decreased movement of mud shell. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 2 to 5 feet. The full project depth is needed for the movement of all freight, except fish and oysters. Comparative statement Calendaryear Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year I Short tons Value Passengers 1925_---------- 91, 891 $181, 589 533 1928-__----- - 65, 275 $68, 616 -------.. 1926---------- 118, 083 408, 859 51 1929_._...... 58, 460 102, 033 1927-.---.--- 56, 416 86, 319 Channel from Pass Cavallo to Aransas Pass, Tex.-The only items carried over this section of the inland waterway during 1926, 1927, 1928, and 1929 were, so far as could be determined, mud shell, fish, oysters, shrimp, cattle, and general merchandise. The increases for 1926 and 1928 were due to a large movement of mud shell and oysters, and the decreases for 1927 and 1929 were due to decrease in movement of this article. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats. 2 to 51/2 feet. 1044 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925--- .........-----------------. .... 49, 356 $143, 818 1928--------------------- 69, 498 $390, 069 1926--------------------- 74,413 165, 598 1929 --------------------- _ 44, 491 786,067 1927---- ...........--------- ..-------- 65,102 345, 917 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------- ------- $622, 595. 65 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 __________ ----- 1. 082. 246. 02 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930__------- 1,704, 841. 67 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930_____----163. 164. 04 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_______1,______________----- 868, 005. 71 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930_______ 8, 586. 98 Gross total'costs to June 30, 1930 876, 592. 69 1----------------------, Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930___ _,_------14, 019. 36 Net total expenditures ------------------------------ 1, 862, 573. 33 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930__ ___ _ __----__---__--2, 311, 208. 16 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_------------ 4 173, 781. 49 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work......--------------------$10, 875. 35 $10, 270. 32 $32, 499. 17 $20, 611. 48 $6, 556. 81 Cost of maintenance..--- 95, 523. 80 ......----------------. 85, 294. 12 78, 517. 45 109, 450. 67 86, 151. 61 Total cost- _._..__....._ _..... 106, 399. 15 95, 564.44 111, 016.62 130, 062. 15 92, 708. 42 Total expended...........__........... 106, 399. 15 95, 564. 44 90, 736. 36 189, 450.83 97,884.06 Allotted__--- ------------------------ 860,000. 00 74, 030. 00 624, 100.00 50,000.00 1, 139,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_----------------------------- $1, 270, 092. 22 Amount allotted from War Department appropri- ation act approved May 28, 1930------------ $1,289,000.00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930---------------------------------680,000. 00 1, 969, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-------------------------- 3, 29, 092. 22 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment---------------830, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for ---------------------- 2, 409, 092. 22 Gross amount expended ------------------------------------- 97, 884.06 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------- 2, 311, 208. 16 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------------------- 10, 617. 32 Balance available June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 2, 300, 590. 84 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------------ 8, 586. 98 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930-------------2, 309, 177. 82 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1------------------------------------- 7, 400, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work 1-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1, 852, 400. 00 For maintenance 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 140, 000. 00 -- - -- - -- -- - -- - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Total 1 1, 992, 400. 00 S1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1045 4. GALVESTON HARBOR, TEX. Location and description.-This harbor is situated on the Gulf of Mexico, on the northern portion of the coast of Texas, 345 miles west of the mouth of the Mississippi River, and 330 miles northeast from the mouth of Rio Grande. The harbor extends from the Gulf through the Pass between the jetties on Galveston Island and Bolivar Peninsula to Bolivar Roads, where it connects with the ship channels to Galveston, Texas City, Houston, and Port Bolivar. The harbor lies between Galveston Island, Pelican Island, and Bolivar Peninsula and has an anchorage area of about 744 acres with over 30 feet depth. (See U. S. Coast and G'eodetic Survey Chart No. 520.) Original condition.--The entrance was obstructed by two bars, with depth of about 9 feet on the inner and 12 feet on'the outer bar at mean low tide, with no fixed channel. Only very light draft ves- sels entered Galveston, cargoes being lightered to larger vessels anchored in deep water in the Gulf of Mexico beyond the outer bar. Previous projects.-Adopted by river and harbor act approved June 23, 1874. Modified by river and harbor act approved June 14, 1880. Modified and enlarged by river and harbor act approved August 5, 1886. Total cost and expenditures under previous proj- ects, prior to the beginning of the existing project in 1907, including repairs made to jetties damaged by storm of 1900, were $8,508,123.29, of which $8,421,996.57 was for new work and $86,126.72 was for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1854, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for two rubblestone jetties ex- tending from Galveston Island (on the south) and Bolivar Peninsula (on the north) into the Gulf of Mexico (the south jetty being 35,900 feet long and the north jetty 25,907 feet long) and for the dredging of a channel between them 35 feet deep at mean low tide and 800 feet wide on bottom from the Gulf to Galveston Channel, a distance of about 6 miles. It further provided that this channel should be main- tained for a period of two years, at the end of which time the advis- ability of permanently adopting these dimensions would be deter- mined. Upon the completion of the 2-year period the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, in connection with the 30-foot depth authorized for Galveston Channel, approved the tentative adoption of depths of " 32 feet on the inner bar and not over 34 feet on the outer bar." In the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, Congress authorized an increase in the project depth of Gal- veston Channel to 32 feet, and depths of 34 and 35 feet on the inner and outer bars. (H. Doc. No. 307, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is 2 feet on the outer bar and 1.64 feet on the inner bar. The extreme ranges are 2.76 and 2.27 feet, respectively. The height of the tides is dependent largely on the wind, and during strong " northers " in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. The estimated cost of maintaining a 35-foot depth in the outer bar and a 34-foot depth in the inner bar, made in 1928, is $150,000 annually. 1046 R9Po: - CHIEF F ENGIN EERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 The present jetties were authorized by the river and harbor ae@t approved August 5, 1886 (H. Deoc. No. 85, 49th Cong., 1st sess.); their extension and the construction and operation of a new dredge by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 340, 59th Cong., 2d sess., as modified by R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 11, 59th Cong., 2d sess.), the deepening of the channel to 35 feet, with width of 800 feet for an experimental period of two years, by the river and harbor act approved July 18, 11918 (H. Doc. No. 758, 65th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is printed in the Annual Report for 1915, page 2623. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-A pile revetment about 1 mile long was con- structed by the city of Galveston in the vicinity of Fort Point in 1869-70 to prevent erosion and direct the current across the inner bar. The available funds for construction of jetties becoming ex.. hausted, the city of Galveston contributed the sum of $100,000 in May, 1883, to carry on the work of improvement, pending congres- sional appropriations. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities on Galveston Harbor. Terminal facilities are, however, located on Galveston Chan- nel, Texas City Channel, Port Bolivar Channel, and the Houston Ship Channel, which are tributaries of Galveston Harbor and are described under reports on these waterways. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 6, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The improvements have created deep- water ports on the western side of the Gulf of Mexico, furnishing an outlet to the products of the States west of the Mississippi River. The combined commerce of these ports using Galveston Harbor has made this gateway one of the most important of the United States, particularly for the movements of cotton. Dil, and grain. During recent years a large tonnage of freight from the Pacific Coast States and adjacent territory has been transferred to coastwise vessels at these ports, in competition with the all-water route via the Panama Canal. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. seagoing hopper dredge Navesink worked on maintenance dredging in the inner and outer bar channels between July 15, 1929, and November 14, 1929, December 1, 1929, and December 31, 1929, and between March 19, 1930, and March 31, 1930, and removed a total of 1,361,085 cubic yards of material, 872,846 cubic yards being removed from the inner bar channel and 488,239 cubic yards from the outer bar channel. The U. S. seagoing hopper dredge Galveston worked on mainte- nance dredging in the outer bar channel between March 31, 1930, and May 17, 1930, and removed 735,749 cubic yards of material from that channel. The total quantity of material removed during the fiscal year from the Galveston Harbor channels was 2,096,834 cubic yards. The total cost for the fiscal year on this improvement was $163,- 731.83, all for maintenance. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $192,966.15. RIVERS AND HARBORS--GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1047 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1910, except the 35-foot channel. The 35-foot channel was com- pleted March, 1922. The tidal scour assisted by dredging had previously formed a channel midway between the jetties 32.5 feet deep at mean low tide and 1,450 feet wide between the 30-foot con- tours. On June 30, 1930, the ruling depth was about 34.0 feet in the outer bar channel on a bottom width of 800 feet and about 35.0 feet in the inner bar channel over a bottom width of 500 feet. The total cost of the existing project to June 30, 1930, was $4,381,224.70, of which $2,441,080.43 was for new work and $1,940,- 144.27 for maintenance. The total expenditures on the existing project to June 30, 1930, amounted to $4,618,269.86. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended on July 1, 1930, amounting to $197,159.92, will be applied during the fiscal year 1931, as follows: Maintenance : Dredging inner and outer bar channels to 34 and 35 feet by United States seagoing hopper dredge, 4 months.---------- $60, 000.00 Repairs and additions to United States floating plant-------- 75, 000. 00 Surveys -- -------------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 District and division offices .... --- ____ ____--------24, 000. 00 Miscellaneous and contingencies 1________________ 17, 827. 97 Outstanding liabilities on July 1, 1930 _________---15, 331.95 Total for maintenance_ ........ ___ _______- -- 197, 159. 92 It is expected that the funds will be expended at a uniform rate and will be exhausted about July 1, 1931. With the $126,000 which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 it is proposed to do the following work: Maintenance: Dredging of channel with United States seagoing hopper dredge__- $53, 000 Repairs and additions to United States floating plant ________ _ 44, 000 Surveys --- -------------- 5, 000 District and division offices_-_______- - 24, 000 Total for maintenance ---------------------------------- 126, 000 Commercial statistics.-All the coastwise and foreign commerce for Galveston, Texas City, and Houston goes through the entrance to Galveston Bay, and the totals are shown in the table below. Since there are no wharves or terminals on Galveston Harbor, this com- merce is all "in transit " for that harbor. The chief articles of export for 1929 were cotton and cottonseed products, wheat, flour, oils (crude and refined), iron and steel, sulphur, rice, grain, and ores; and of imports, oils (crude and refined), fruits, creosote, sugar, jute, iron and steel, and paper. The chief articles of coastwise traffic were canned goods, general merchandise, paper, iron and steel, and crude and refined oil, inbound; and cotton, copper bullion, lead, rice, lumber, vegetables, crude and refined oil, flour and meals, wool, and sulphur, outbound. The increases in tonnage for 1.926, 1927, and 1929 are accounted for by the growing commerce following the improving economic conditions and of the decrease in tonnage for 1928 caused by decrease in movement of grain and oils. Usual limits of draft for loaded vessels, 20 to 30 feet. Twenty-seven ves- sels, however, went out during 1925, 22 vessels during 1926, 63 1048 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 vessels during 1927, 82 vessels during 1928, and 41 vessels during 1929, all drawing over 30 feet. The full project depth is especially needed for the ships engaged in foreign trade. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925 ...... 16, 268, 798 $1,483, 324, 669 8, 697 1928-...... 19,295, 084 $1, 295, 800, 398 11, 392 1926-..... 17, 573, 744 1, 177, 943, 892 10, 297 1929-..... 19, 421, 683 1, 256, 979, 410 11, 418 1927-...... 19, 577, 647 1, 202, 702, 827 10, 803 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__-----------------------_ $10, 863, 077. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 2, 026, 270.99 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930__________ 12, 889, 347. 99 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930-------- 226, 941. 62 Net total cost to June 30, 1930---- __---------- ___ 13, 116, 289. 61 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930---------- -- __ 26, 192. 38 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930------------ --- __ 13, 142, 481. 99 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 --------------------- 16, 088. 84 Net total expenditures .__------ -- -___ 13, 126, 393. 15 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---_----__ ----------------- 197, 159. 92 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_---------- 13, 323, 553. 07 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.. . . . . . . . . ... Cost of maintenance...... ----------------- $591, 534. 06 $145, 238. 67 $151, 762. 63 $88, 098. 44 $163, 731.83 Total expended_. 591, 534. 06 __---------------------- 145, 238. 67 121, 738. 17 69, 387. 80 192, 966. 15 Allotted.------ ------------------------ 240, 000. 00 100, 000.00 125, 500. 00 180, 000. 00 55, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $335, 126. 07 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ---- ------------------------- 105, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_.- __------- ______ ___ 440, 126. 07 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment---------------- 50, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for___ - -- ___- _____ -___390, 126. 07 Gross amount expended ..---.----------- - - - 192, 966. 15 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------197, 159.92 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------- 15, 331.95 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------------- 181, 827.97 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930--------... -- ____ _ -- -- - 26, 192. 38 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930- ----------------- 208, 020. 35 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June -- ----- 30, 1932, for maintenance1 - - - - - ____ 126, 000. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1049 5. GALVESTON CHANNEL, TEX. Location and description.-This channel extends from a point in Galveston Harbor between Bolivar Peninsula and Fort Point across the former inner bar to and along the wharf front of Galveston, and has a length of about 5 miles and a width of 1,200 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 520.) Original condition.-Inside the inner bar, which had a minimum depth of 9 feet, the channel had a depth varying from 20 to 30 feet at mean low tide, with the deepest part opposite Twentieth Street, and a width of about 500 feet between the 18-foot contours. It was navigable to Forty-first Street, a distance of about 5 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 32 feet deep at mean low tide and 1,200 feet wide from the outer end of the old inner bar near Fort Point to Fifty-first Street in the city of Gal- veston, and for its extension, when the interests of navigation and commerce require it, with a width of 1,000 feet and depth of 32 feet at mean low tide, to Fifty-seventh Street in the city of Galveston; and for an extension of the existing sea wall, which lies along the Gulf front of Galveston, from its angle at Sixth Street and Broad- way to the south jetty, with protection at its junction with the south jetty, this extension of the sea wall being for the purpose of protect- ing the outer end of the channel from the effects of hurricanes. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 1.1 feet and the extreme range about 1.6 feet. The height of tide is depend- ent largely on the wind, and during strong north winds in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. The estimated cost of new work on the channel, revised in 1927, is $3,041,000 and of the sea-wall extension, revised in 1922, $2,986,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance of the channel is $225,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the excavation of the channel 1,200 feet wide and 30 feet deep from outer end of inner bar to Fifty-first Street (H. Doc. No. 264, 56th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the purchase or construction of a hydraulic pipe-line dredge; the'act of March 2, 1907, provided for the extension of the channel from Fifty-fi st Street to Fifty-sixth Street, with a width of 700 feet and a depth of 30 feet (H. Doc. No. 768, 59th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the extension of the channel at such time as the interests of navigation and commerce demand to Fifty-seventh Street, with a width of 1,000 feet and depth of 30 feet between Fifty-first and Fifty-seventh Streets (H. Doc. No. 328, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 27 1916, provided for the extension of the sea wall from angle at Sixth Street and Broadway to a point abreast of the nearest battery at Fort San Jacinto (H. Doc. No. 1390, 62d Cong., 3d sess.); the act of September 22, 1922, provided for the further extension to junction with the south jetty and protecting it at this junction and for repairing the sea wall in front of the Fort Crockett Reservation (H. Doc. No. 693, 66th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of January 21, 1927, provided for the present channel dimensions (H. Doc. No. 307, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest maps are pub- 1050 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 lished in the Annual Report for 1914, page 2285, and House Docu- ment No. 693, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session, and House Document No. 307, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session. Recommended modifiations of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The city of Galveston in 1869-70 built about 1 mile of pile bulkhead on the south side of the inner bar near Fort Point to protect the east end of the island from erosion and to, direct the currents across the inner bar. The Southern Pacific Steamship Co. has built a pile dike 3,757 feet long in extension of the Govern- ment pile and brush dike on the opposite side of the channel and in front of their wharves. The river and harbor act approved July 27, 1916, which made pro- vision for the extension of the sea wall, provided that no money shall be expended and no contract entered into under this appropriation until the county or city of Galveston and other local interests shall have donated certain land (about 600 acres) on the east end of Gal- veston Island, as set forth in House Document No. 1390, Sixty-second Congress, third session, and shall have quieted all claims to the present San Jacinto military reservation, nor until the said county or city of Galveston shall have obtained a right of way and made provision in a manner satisfactory to the Secretary of War for pay- ing the cost of constructing at least 3,300 feet of similar sea-wall extension in addition to that appropriated for by the United States. It also provided that the entire work of construction shall be done under the direction of the Secretary of War and the funds appro- priated by Congress and those furnished by the county or city of Galveston shall be expended by him. All these conditions were complied with, and approval was given by the Secretary of War October 17, 1917. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities at Galveston are the most extensive on the Texas coast. They are located almost entirely on the south side of the channel and extend from Tenth Street to Forty-fifth Street, a distance of 21/2 miles. The wharf system con- sists of 1 reinforced concrete and 13 wooden piers between which are 13 slips which vary in length from 600 feet to 1,200 feet and from 170 feet to 250 feet in width. There are reinforced concrete ware- houses on Piers 9, 23, 24, 25, 26, 35, 39, 40, and 41, with wooden ware- houses on the other piers. In addition to the pier warehouses, there are 18 cotton concentration warehouses located in rear of the piers with a total storage capacity of 400,000 bales. The wharf system has sufficient capacity to furnish berthage for about 78 averaged-sized ocean-going freight carriers at one time. At the east end of the wharf front (Tenth Street) is a small transfer wharf belonging to the Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway, used in transferring trains between Galveston and Port Bolivar. From Tenth Street to Forty-first Street are located the wharves of the Galveston Wharf Co. From Forty-first to Forty-fifth Streets are three piers belonging to the Southern Pacific Railroad system. In addition to the wharves the terminal facilities include the following: On the Galveston Wharf Co.'s property three grain elevators, one having a capacity of 6,000,000 bushels, one 1.600,000 bushels, and one 650,000 bushels; a sulphur bin at Pier 14 of 10,000 tons capacity; a sulphur-loading plant having a capacity of 500 tons per hour at Pier RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1051 35; a coal dock; and 51 miles of railroad, siding, switches, etc. On the Southern Pacific Terminal Co.'s property are located one grain elevator of 1,000,000 bushels capacity and 38 miles of railroad, siding, switches, etc., including the main line of this railroad and its yards to the bay causeway. The Gulf Refining Co. and the Mexican Petroleum Co. have constructed piers, storage tanks, and pumping stations at the east end of the channel for the purpose of handling their oil. On the north side of the channel there are located a 10,000- ton floating dry dock, a marine railway, and general repair yard. Other smaller ship-repair yards are located on the same side of the channel. The terminal facilities are all privately owned. Those of the Galveston Wharf Co. are open to all carriers on equal terms. The transfer wharf of the Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway is used by it exclusively. The Southern Pacific wharves are used prin- cipally by the Atlantic Steamship Lines, a subsidiary of the Southern Pacific system, but one pier is also used to some extent by other ocean carriers for export trade and is open to all such carriers on equal terms. The terminal facilities at Galveston are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For further information, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 6, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The improvements have made Galveston one of the most important ports of the United States in value of exports, providing a convenient outlet for the products of the Middle West and Southwestern States. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The contract dredge San Diego, under contract with Orleans Dredging Co., worked on the maintenance dredging of Galveston Channel, between March 24, 1930, and June 30, 1930, and removed a total of 2,848,873 cubic yards from the channel and deposited it on Pelican Spit and the Fort San Jacinto Reservation. This dredge completed maintenance work in section 2 of the channel, completed 90 per cent of section 1, and 50 per cent each of sections 3 and 4, making the contract about 60 per cent completed at the end of the year. The Sexton Corporation worked on their contract for constructing a steel sheet pile bulkhead on Pelican Spit Dike, between December 26, 1929, and February 24, 1930, and placed 21,040 square feet of bulk- head, completing their contract on the latter date. A small force was employed occasionally throughout the year in maintenance of the sea-wall extension, viz, filling small gullies, cutting weeds on the rear slope, making repairs to the brick pavement, care of construc- tion plant, etc. The total cost during the fiscal year was $214,219.64, all of which was for maintenance. The total expenditure during the fiscal year was $159,016.63. Condition at end of fiscal year.-At the end of the fiscal year the channel dredging was 70 per cent completed and the entire project was 90 per cent completed. The sea wall extension, with fill and paving, was completed in the fiscal year 1926. The channel was completed to a 32-foot depth from the outer end of the old inner bar at Fort Point Light to Forty-third Street in the fiscal year 1929. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the dredg- ing of the section from Forty-third Street to Fifty-seventh Street to the project depth of 32 feet, with 1,200 feet widths from Forty-third Street to Fifty-first Street, and 1,000 feet width from Fifty-first to 1052 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fifty-seventh Street, the work on this section being contingent on the development of the water-front facilities on the properties of the Chicago, Rock Island & Gulf Railway and other adjacent owners. The ruling depth in the channel on June 30, 1930, was about 34 feet at mean low tide for a least width of 600 feet. The total costs on the existing project to the end of the fiscal year 1930 have been as follows: New work Maintenance Total ------------------------ Channel: United States funds.--._ _$1, 610, 874. 19 $2, 425, 140. 21 $4, 036, 014. 40 Sea wall: United States funds . --------------------------- 2,300,589.49 .......---------------- 2, 300, 589. 49 Total--- ........---- ----------------------------..... 3, 911, 463.68 2, 425, 140. 21 6, 336, 603. 89 Contributed funds---------------------...--------- 710,274. 77 ------- 710, 274. 77 Total.....................------------------------------------4, 621, 738. 45 2, 425, 140. 21 7, 046,878. 66 The total expenditures on the existing project to the end of the present fiscal year have been $6,564,571.45. In addition, $710,274.44 was expended from contributed funds for sea wall construction. Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended July 1, 1930, amounting to $262,928.55, will be applied during the fiscal year 1931 as follows: Maintenance: Outstanding liabilities on June 30, 1930___------------------- $79, 892.02 Maintenance dredging of channel by contract, 1,926,127 cubic yards, at 5.43 cents------------------------------------ 104, 588. 70 Surveys, inspection, overhead, etc., on above contract--------- 10, 500. 00 Repairs and additions to United States floating plant-------- 15, 000. 00 Surveys---------------------------------------------8, 000. 00 District and division offices ___-------------18, 000. 00 Operation of drag-line machine constructing levees for dredg- ing, etc--------------------------------------------- 6,000. 00 Maintenance of sea wall extension slope and paving-----------10, 000. 00 Miscellaneous and contingencies_-__------____-___ __ 10, 947. 83 Total for maintenance__---__-_- __--__----__ 262, 928. 55 It is expected that the funds will be expended at a uniform rate and will be exhausted about July 1, 1931. With the $210,000 which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 it is proposed to do the following work: Maintenance: Dredging of channel with United States pipe line dredge or by contract -------------------------------------------- $118, 000 Repairs and additions to United States floating plant------------ 42, 000 Surveys ---------- ------------------------------------- 12, 000 District and division offices_____----_____________ 20, 000 Maintenance of sea wall extension slope and paving, etc _______ 10, 000 Operation of drag-line machine constructing levees for dredging, etc --------------------------------------------------- 8,000 Total for maintenance____--______--__________-__ 210, 000 No funds can be profitably expended for new work during the fiscal year 1932, for the reason that the water-front facilities west of Forty-sixth Street have not been developed by the Chicago, Rock Island & Gulf Railway and other adjacent owners, and there is no need for further development at present. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1053 Commercial statistics.-The chief articles of export during 1929 were cotton and cottonseed products, wheat, flour, sulphur, ores, and grains; and of imports, crude oil, sugar, chemicals, jute, iron and steel, paper, and fruit. Chief articles of coastwise traffic were canned goods, crude and refined oil, textiles, iron and steel, chemicals, and general merchandise, inbound; and cotton and cotton products, cop- per, wool, rice, crude and refined oil, sulphur, flour, lumber, vege- tables, ores, and general merchandise, outbound. Decrease in tonnage for 1927 and 1928 caused by decrease in movement of wheat, oils, creosote, sugar, and flour. Usual limits of draft for loaded vessels, 20 to 30 feet. Four vessels went out during 1926 and six vessels during 1927 drawing over 30 feet. The full project depth is especially needed for the ships engaged in foreign trade. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925 1..... 6, 125, 262 $937, 344, 881 1928 7..... 5, 114, 946 $674, 033, 986 8 30, 673 1926-...... 6, 203, 835 688, 403, 560 435, 2 531 38, 564 19290 ..... 5,471,713 659, 816, 902 to 27,910 1927 ..... 5,848, 230 688, 005, 589 634, 590 1 Exclusive of 413,585 tons car-ferry traffic, valued at $72,555,900. * Includes 27,812 passengers carried in car-ferry traffic between Galveston and Port Bolivar, Tex. $ Exclusive of 384,190 tons car-ferry traffic, valued at $52,439,760. Includes 29,220 passengers carried in car-ferry traffic between Galveston and Port Bolivar, Tex. 58 Exclusive of 366,820 tons car-ferry traffic, valued at $55,748,277. Includes 25,787 passengers carried in car-ferry traffic between Galveston and Port Bolivar, Tex. 7 Exclusive of 208,270 tons car-ferry traffic, valued at $33,354,325. 8 Includes 20,428 passengers carried in car-ferry traffic between Galveston and Port Bolivar, Tex. 8 Exclusive of 405,910 tons car-ferry traffic between Galveston and Port Bolivar, Tex. 10Includes 18,930 passengers carried in car-ferry traffic between Galveston and Port Bolivar. Tex. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------$3, 911,463. 68 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 2, 425, 140. 21 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 6, 336, 603.89 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ----------- 277, 285. 41 Net total cost to June, 1930_---------- ---- - -___ 6, 613, 889.80 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930--- ----------------- 23, 819.53 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930----------------------- 6, 637, 708. 83 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_ .__--__ --.- __ _- -- 73, 137.38 Net total expenditures___--__--------------------- 6, 564, 571. 45 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930__------------------------ 262, 923. 55 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 6, 827, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work___- - -- _-_-_-_-__ __.-$188, 492.90 $120.99 ........----------.. $397, 599.88 ... Cost of maintenance-..--..--..---.-----... 234, 686. 85 363, 687. 13 $296, 387. 72 27, 615. 69 $214, 219. 64 .. Total cost-..----....-------- ---- 423,179.75 363, 808. 12 296,387. 72 425, 215. 57 214, 219. 64 Total expended_------..........-------... - 367, 294. 04 363, 687. 13 298, 294. 06 459, 849. 87 159, 016. 63 Allotted.- .__-______-______ - - 245, 000.00 340,000. 00 735, 000. 00 -10, 000. 00 200,000. 00 1054 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $221,945. 18 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929------------------------------------------ 200, 000. 00 .Amarnt to be accounted for__ --------------------- 421, 945.18 -__ Gross amount expended_------------------------- $161, 616. 65 Less receipts from sales--------------------------- 2, 600. 02 159, 016. 63 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ..---------- ------ 262, 928. 55 Outstanding liab lities June 30, 1930----------------79, 892. 02 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts-----------95, 306. 21 175, 198. 23 Balance available June 30, 1930_------------------------- 87, 730. 32 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930---------------------------- 23, 819. 53 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930-------------- 111, 549. 85 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------------------- --------------- 1, 430, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June .30, 1932, for maintenance -------------- 210, 000. 00 6. CHANNEL FROM GALVESTON HARBOR TO TEXAS CITY, TEX. Location and description.-Texas City is on the mainland of Texas on the west side of Galveston Bay, about 71/2 miles northwest of the city of Galveston. The channel extends from deep water in Gal- veston Harbor off Bolivar Peninsula through Galveston Bay to the wharves. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 520 and 1283.) Original condition.-The natural depth of the bay was 4 to 8 feet at mean low tide. Previous projects.-Adopted by river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899, and enlarged by river and harbor act approved June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 328, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The cost and ex- penditures prior to the beginning of the present project in 1913 were $561,905.69, of which $366,822.48 was for new work and $195,083.21 was for maintenance. (For further details of previous projects see p. 1856, Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep at mean low tide and 300 wide on bottom from deep water in Galveston Harbor to the harbor at Texas City, a distance of about 7 miles, with a pile dike on its north side 28,200 feet long covered with clay and other material dredged from the channel, with a harbor 800 feet wide on bottom and 30 feet deep at mean low tide extending from a point 1,000 feet to the southward of the present oil pier to the south prop- erty line of the Texas Sugar Refining Corporation, and for the con- struction of a rubble mound dike a short distance south of the exist- ing pile dike and extending between stations 4+000 and 26+000 of that dike. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 11/4 feet and the extreme range is about 1 1/2 feet. The height of tide is dependent largely on the wind, and during strong " northers " in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1055 The estimated cost of the project, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects, revised in 1930, is $1,890,000, of which $49,450 is to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance of the channel and dike is $161,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 1390, 62nd Cong., 3d sess.), which pro- vided for all features of the project except the southerly extension of the harbor and the rubble mound dike, these latter works being au- thorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 107, 71st Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last- mentioned document. Recommended modifcctions of project.-None. Local cooperation.-During1895-96 the Texas City Terminal Co. undertook the development of the port by dredging a channel about 16 feet deep at mean low tide and 100 feet wide from Galveston Harbor to Texas City, at a cost of $146,000. This channel was taken over by the United States under act of March 3, 1899, and was deep- ened to 25 feet at mean lor tide and 100 feet wide. In 1906 the Texas City Transportation Co. redredged the channel to a depth of 25 feet at mean low tide and dredged a turning basin and slip, ex- pending a total of $337,670.17, according to figures furnished by them. The project, adopted under act of March 4, 1913, was subject to the condition- That the work proposed shall be contingent upon the setting aside by the town of Texas City of a suitable right of way for a railroad or railroads through the said city within its limits, said right of way to be available to any railroad or railroads that may at any time be authorized by the United States to oc- cupy or operate over said dike. This condition has been complied with and was approved by the Secretary of War on December 2, 1913. The modification of the existing project adopted under the act of July 3, 1930, was subject to the following condition- that no work shall be begun on the extension of the harbor to the southward until local interests have contributed $49,450 to the cost of such extension. This condition has not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-Terminal facilities are all located on the mainland at the inner end of this channel. They consist of one pier 1,200 feet long by 1,000 feet wide and another 900 feet long by 500 feet wide, with two slips 1,200 feet long by 210 feet wide and another 900 feet long by 200 feet wide, with six steel or concrete-steel ware- houses (one 2-story) on these piers; one open pier (oil dock) 900 feet long by 34 feet wide; one concrete-steel grain elevator of 500,000 bushels capacity; five steel and one wooden warehouses and two cot- ton compresses on land between piers; and 38.05 miles of railroad siding, storage yards, etc., with a railroad 6 miles in length con- necting the wharves with the trunk lines entering Galveston. All these terminal facilities are owned by the Texas City Terminal Rail- way Co., but are open to all carriers and the public on equal terms. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. In addition to the above facilities is the Texas Sugar Refining Corpo- ration plant, located on the water front with privately owned and 11714--ENG 1930----67 1056 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, :1930 operated pier warehouse 400 feet long and 104 feet wide, and bulk- head pier, 900 feet long and 600 feet wide. (For further informa- tion see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 6, pt. 3, revised 1928, Corps of Engineers.) Efect of improvemnent.-The improvements have established Texas City as a port for ocean vessels handling a large volume of business, principally oil. Operations and results during fiscal year.-During the fiscal year a total of 2,450,361 cubic yards of material was removed by dredging in the maintenance of the channel and deposited on the pile dike north of the channel and on the spoil bank opposite the Texas City wharves. The contract dredge Catt, under the- contract with the Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Co., wbrked between December 7, 1929, and January 30, 1930, on the maintenance redredging of the channel from station 5+0 to station 15 + 0. This dredge removed 1,678,467 cubic yards of material from the channel and deposited it north of the pile dike. The U. S. pipe-line dredge Col. A. M. Miller worked between July 12, 1929, and November 23, 1929, and between December 18, 1929, and January 14, 1930, from station -0+ 687 to station 5+0, and re- moved 771,894 cubic yards of material in the maintenance of the channel, which was deposited on the spoil bank opposite the Texas City wharves. The U. S. pipe-line dredge Col. A. M. Miller also worked from January 14, 1930, to June 30, 1930, covering with dredged material the exposed piles in the pile dike north of the Texas City Channel and dredged and placed a total amount of 1,445,787 cubic yards of material, covering 11,050 linear feet of dike on the shoreward half of the dike. The total cost during the fiscal year was $266,427.89, all for maintenance. The total expenditure during the fiscal year was $236,348.83. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project, prior to the modifi- cation in 1930, was completed in 1916. The pile dike on the north side of the channel was completed in 1915. The ruling depth on June 30, 1930, was about 31 feet at mean low tide for a least width of about 100 feet. The total costs on the existing project to the end of the present fiscal year were $1,184,023.91 for new work and $2,366,407.50 for maintenance, a total of $3,550,431.41. The total expenditure on the existing project to the end of the present fiscal year was $3,627,970.36. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930, amounting to $216,123.95 will be applied to maintenance during the fiscal year 1931, as follows: Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------$16, 636. 85 Maintenance of channel and dike with United States pipe-line dredge, 9/2 months at $16,000 ---------------------------- 152, 000. 00 Repairs and additions to United States floating plant------------ 15, 000. 00 Surveys----------------------------- --------------- 12, 487.10 District and division offices---------------------- ---------- 20, 000. 00 Total for maintenance-_ -- -------------- 216, 123.95 It is expected that the funds on hand will be expended at a uni- form rate and will be exhausted about July 1, 1931. RIVERS AND HARBORS---OALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1057 With the $550,000 which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 it is proposed to do the following work: New work (modification of project adopted by 1930 river and harbor act) : Extension of harbor 1,000 feet to the southward of the present oil pier with a depth of 30 feet and bottom width of 800 feet by dredging 823,300 cubic yards $98,900 less $49,450 to be contrib- uted by local interests--- __-----_ --- -- __ _---__ -- $49, 450 Increase of the present harbor to 800 feet bottom width, from the- south property line of the Texas Sugar Refining Co. to the present oil pier, by dredging 894,000 cubic yards-------------- 107,300 Construction of rubble mound dike a short distance south of the existing dike and extending between stations 4+000 and 26+000 under continuing contract--------------------------._--- 193,250' Total for new work ---------------------------------- 350, 000 Maintenance : Maintenance of channel and dike with United States pipe-line dredge or by contract-------------------------------- 155, 000 Repairs and additions to United States floating plant----------15, 000 Surveys------------------------------- ----------------- 10, 000 District and division offices------------------- ------------ 20, 000 Total for maintenance-_-- ----------------------- 200,000 Total for new work and maintenance---------------------- 550,000 Commercial statistics.-The chief articles of export during 1929 were crude and refined oil, cotton, wheat and sulphur. Sugar and cement were the only items of import; crude and refined oil, vege- table oil, and sulphur were the principal items of coastwise traffic. Decrease for 1929 due to decreased movements of sugar, sulphur, ores, and oils. It is stated by the local interests at Texas City that vessels operated by the United States Shipping Board and others were bunkered at this port during the year 1929, receiving 51,101 tons of crude oil. These vessels were loaded at Galveston, Houston, and other Gulf ports, and the tonnage is not included in the figures given below. Usual limits of draft for loaded vessels, 20 to 30 :feet. The full project depth is necessary for all the foreign and coastwise traffic. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925...................... 4, 475, 249 $71, 477, 512 1928------ ---------- 3, 751,012 $60, 203, 253 1926_.. --- 1927.-.--.--... ......-.-..... 4,116, 899 74,345, 963 ---------- -------- 1929. 744 692,692 46, 023, 673 4, 675, 619 74, 598, 672 Cost and finanoial suntmaxry Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_____ ------------------------ $1, 550, 846. 39 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------- 2, 561, 490. 71 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------- 4, 112, 337. 10 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ---- __-- - 94, 363. 48 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_____---------------------- 4, 206, 700. 58 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------- ---------- 2, 251.02 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930-----_-------------- 4, 208, 951. 60 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930---------------------- 19, 075. 55 Net total expenditures--,__-------- .---- 4, 189,876.05 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------- 216, 123.95 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-- ----- 4, 406, 000. 00 :1058 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_..----- ------- Cost of maintenance_.-__ 694.82 -_..-.-.-.--$314, $207, 941. 70 1$162, 919. 22 $247, 199.57 $266, 427.89 : = Total expended....---------.-------------. 314, 694.82 207, 941.70 1203, 896.09 1260,028.60 236, 348. 83 - ji Allotted-...------.---------------------- 300,000.00 258,000. 00 170, 000.00 1300, 000.00 155, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------_ $297, 472. 78 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 190---------- -------------------------------- 175, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_._------------------- - -472, 472. 78 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment --.--------- 20, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for_-. ----- ---------- _ 452, 472. 78 Gross amount expended----------------- ---- $236, 579. 83 Less receipts from sales-__---------------- 231. 00 236, 348. 83 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------216, 123. 95 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930__--------------------- 16, 636. 85 Balance available June 30, 1930--'----------------------99, 487. 10 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930_------------------ --------- 2, 251. 02 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--------------201, 738. 12 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 12---------- --------- ---------- 656, 550. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 350, 000.00 For maintenance 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 200, 000.00 Total --------------------------------------------- 550, 000. 00 7. CHANNEL TO PORT BOLIVAR, TEX. Location and description.-PortBolivar is at the end of Bolivar Peninsula, which is on the east coast of Texas, between the Gulf of Mexico and Galveston Bay. It is on Galveston Harbor and about 4 miles north of the city of Galveston. The channel connects Gal- veston Harbor with a turning basin at the wharves. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 520.) Original condition.-No natural channel existed. The depth of water in front of the Gulf & Interstate Railroad transfer wharf was about 9 feet at mean low tide. This wharf was about 4,500 feet from deep water in Galveston Harbor. Previous projects.-Adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 719, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The cost and expenditures prior to the beginning of the existing project in 1910 were $94,811.50, of which $48,710.75 was for new work and $46,100.75 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1856, Annual Report for 1915. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 2 In addition $49,450 is to be contributed by local interests. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1059 Eaisting project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep at mean low tide and 200 feet wide on bottom, beginning at deep water in Galveston Harbor and extending to a turning basin 1,600 feet long, with an average width of about 750 feet and 30 feet deep at mean low tide in front of the wharves. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 1.7 feet and the extreme range about 2.3 feet. The height of tides is dependent largely on the wind, and during strong "northers " in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. The estimated cost of new work, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects, is $187,000 (revised in 1928). The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance of the channel and turning basin is $20,000, which provides for a depth of 20 feet in the channel and 20 feet in the turning basin, 500 feet square, these dimensions being sufficient for the operations of the railway ferry and occasional small lumber schooners which use the port. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for all except the present dimensions of the turning basin (H. Doc. No. 328, 61st Cong., 2d sess.), and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the present dimensions of the turning basin (H. Doc. No. 1122, 65th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-It is recommended that the project be modified by providing for a channel depth of 20 feet, 200 feet wide, with a turning basin of the same depth 500 feet square. (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-The Santa Fe Channel & Dock Co., which owns the terminals at Port Bolivar, during the fiscal year 1917, dredged a narrow channel through a shoal in the turning basin at the entrance to their Slip No. 3, removing about 29,286 cubic yards at a cost of $3,441.16. Terminal facilities.-The terminals consist of one pier 400 feet wide by 1,200 feet long with two slips, one being 1,140 feet long by 300 feet wide and the other 1,200 feet long by 210 feet wide. On the pier is one warehouse 140 feet wide by 800 feet long and one lumber shed 120 feet wide by 504 feet long. In one corner of the south slip is located the transfer apron used in transferring trains to and from Galveston by ferry. All the terminal facilities are owned by the Santa Fe Channel & Dock Co., which is understood to be a subsidiary of the Santa Fe Railroad system. This system also owns the rail- road leading from Port Bolivar to Beaumont, Tex. The facilities are open to all water carriers on equal terms and are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For further particulars see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has established a rail- road transfer point on Bolivar Peninsula for transferring railroad trains to Galveston, effecting considerable saving in distance of haul for lumber and logs from the east Texas timber belt. Operations and results durinyg fieca year.-The U. S. pipe-line dredge Kimble worked from November 27, 1929, to December 27, 1929, on the maintenance redredging of the turning basin to Slip 1-060 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 No. 3, making a: cut 400 feet wide to a depth of 20 feet. A total of 97,171 cubic yards of material was removed from this cut and de- posited south of the wharves. The total cost on this improvement during the fiscal year was $13,336.67, all for maintenance. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $13,399.49. Condition at end of scal year.-The existing project is about 90 per cent completed. The channel with 200-foot bottom width and turning basin 1,000 feet square were completed to a 30-foot depth in March, 1912. The change in the dimensions of the turning basin called for in the revised project has not been made, as there has not been any demand for it. Constant shoaling occurs, and the project .dimensions have been only partly maintained, as a greater depth than the 20-foot depth now dredged is not demanded by shipping. The ruling depth on June 30, 1930, was 23 feet at mean low tide in the channel and 16 feet for a width of about 500 feet in the turning basin at the entrance to Slip No. 3. The total costs of the existing project to the end of the present fiscal year have been $484,626.01, of which $85,213.85 was for new work and $399,412.16 for maintenance. The total expenditures on the existing project to the end of the present fiscal year have been $484,626.01. Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended July 1, 1930, amounting to $28,892.49 will be applied during the fiscal year 1931, as follows: Maintenance: Dredging in the channel and part of turning basin to a 20-foot depth with United States pipe-line dredge, two months at $13,300------------------------ ----- $26, 600. 00 Surveys---------------------------------------------- 792.49 District and division offices , 000. 00 1------------------------- Total for maintenance-------------------------------- 28, 392. 49 It is expected that the funds on hand will be exhausted about July 1, 1931. Rate of expenditure is dependent on times of shoaling. With the. $24,000 that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, it is proposed to do the following work: Dredging channel and part of turning basin with United States pipe-. line dredge------------------------------- --------------- $22, 250 Surveys-----------------------------------750 District and division offices------------------------------------- 1, 000 Total--------------- ------------------------------- 24, 000 It is not proposed to maintain project dimensions for the reason that lesser depth and width are sufficient for commerce at this port. Commercial statistics.-Therewas no export, import, or coastwise traffic during 1929. It is understood the Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway Co., which owns the terminals, has canceled all its tariffs and closed the port. The only commerce therefore was the car-ferry traffic between Port Bolivar and Galveston. Draft of barge used in ferry traffic between Port Bolivar and Galveston is 7 feet loaded and 3.3 feet light. The towboat handling this barge has a draft of 10.5 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS---GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1061 omparative statement Receipts and shipments Car-ferry traffic Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value Passengers 1925 -- ----------------------------------------------- 413,585 $72,555,900 27,812 1926-------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- 1927 --- -- 384, 190 366,820 52,439,760 55,748,277 29,220 25,787 1928 --------------------------------------------------- 208,270 33,354,325 20, 428 1929------------------- -------- ------------ ----------- 405, 910 48,371,385 18,930 Cost andE finanial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 - ,----- - ----------- --- $133, 924. 60 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----- ------------------- 445, 512. 91 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------.... 579, 437.51 Net total expenditures----------------------------------- 579, 437.51 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 28, 392. 49 -------------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__ 607, 830. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ---------------------- --....------------------ Cost of maintenance .....------------------ $13, 400. 72 $26, 928.14 $9, 208.38 $29, 499. 01 87 $13, 336. Total expended_-.......-.----....------ - 13,400. 72 26,928.14 2,173.12 29,436.18 13. 399.49 Allotted_ o----------------------------- 20, 000.00 20,000.00 16, 500.00 18,000.00 16,250.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $25, 541.98 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---- ----------------------------------- 21, 250. 00 Amount to be accounted for--------------------------- 46, 791. 98 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-- ---- --- 5, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------- ----- 41, 791. 98 Gross amount expended--------------------------------- 13, 399. 49 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------- 28, 392. 49 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1---------102,000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - - --- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - -- - -- 30, 1932, for maintenance 24, 000. 00 8. HOUSTON SHIP CHANNEL, TEX. Location and description.-The channel improved under this title connects Galveston Harbor, at a point opposite Port Bolivar, with the city of Houston, Tex., extending 50 miles in a northwesterly direction across Galveston Bay through the San Jacinto River and Buffalo Bayou to a turning basin at the head of Long Reach with a light-draft channel 7 miles long from the turning basin to Main Street, Houston. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1282 and 532.) 1Exclusive of available funds. 1062 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGOI EEs. U, iS. ARM, 1 930 Original condition.-The natural depths were as follows: Galves- ton Bay, on the line of the improvement, about 6 to 10 feet deep, obstructed by Red Fish bar shell reef, with depth of 4 feet; San Jacinto River, 12 to 16 feet deep, 500 to 1,000 feet wide, and Buffalo Bayou, 8 to 12 feet deep, 100 to 500 feet wide, to Harrisburg, a total distance of 48 miles, thence 5 to 8 feet deep, 60 to 100 feet wide, to Houston, a distance of 9 miles. The head of navigation was Houston. Depths are referred to mean low tide. Previous projects.-Improvement of this waterway has been car- ried on under the following titles: " Improvement of Red Fish bar, in Galveston Bay, Tex.;" "Improvement of the ship channel be- tween the mouth of San Jacinto River and Bolivar Channel, in Galveston Bay, Tex.;" "Improvement of ship channel in Galves- ton Bay, Tex.; "" Improvement of Buffalo Bayou, Tex.; " " Care and operation of Morgan Canal, Tex.;" " Improvement of Galveston Ship Channel and Buffalo Bayou, Tex.;" and, finally, "Houston Ship Channel, Tex." The first work of improvemient was author- ized by the river and harbor act approved June 10, 1872. The proj- ect was modified in 1877. By the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879, Morgan Canal and cut were purchased by the United States on May 4, 1892, for $92,316.85 as a link in this waterway. The project was enlarged by the act of March 3, 1899 (as amended by the act of February 20, 1900), so as to provide for a channel 25 feet deep, 150 feet wide in the bay, and 100 feet wide thence to Hous- ton, with two turning basins at the upper end. The act of March 3, 1905, modified it so as to terminate the channel with the turning basin near the head of Long Reach, and provided for certain cut-offs at sharp bends in the bayou section and the construction of a pile dike 26,000 feat long in Galveston Bay. The act of March 4, 1913, authorized the construction of two suitable dredging plants for maintenance of the improvement, one-half their cost to be provided by local interests. The cost and expenditures prior to the adoption of the existing project on March 2, 1919, were (including the purchase of the Morgan cut and Canal) $5,308,739.27, of which $4,105,156.87 was for new work and $1,203,582.40 was for maintenance. In addi- tion to these amounts $1,409,178.78 was expended from contributed funds, $1,209,178.78 being for new work and $200,000 for main- tenance. (For further details of previous projects see p. 1856 of the Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project--This provides for a channel 30 feet deep at mean low water, 250 feet wide across Galveston Bay to and through Morgan Point to the upper end of Morgan cut, thence with a general width of 200 feet through San Jacinto River to a point 4,000 feet above Baytown, thence 150 feet wide through San Jacinto River and Buffalo Bayou to head of Long Reach where it ends in a turning basin about 1,000 feet wide and 30 feet deep, and for widening the bends at Lynchburg, Norsworthy, Manchester, and Harrisburg. The project also provides for suitable widening of the channel in front of the wharf at Manchester, for certain cut-offs and easing of sharp bends, for the construction of a dike 26,000 feet long to protect the channel in upper Galveston Bay, and for a lightdraft extension of the channel, 10 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide, without RIVERS AND HARBORS -GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1063 easing the bends, through Buffalo Bayou from the turning basin to the mouth of White Oak Bayou in Houston, Tex. The mean tidal range under ordinary conditions is about 1.3 feet in the lower part of Galveston Bay, 0.6 foot in the upper bay, and less than 0.5 foot in the San Jacinto River and Buffalo Bayou. The extreme ranges under ordinary conditions are about 1.6 feet, 1.3 feet, and 1 foot, respectively. Freshets sometimes cause rises of over 12 feet in Buffalo Bayou. The height of the tides, however, is depend- ent largely on the wind, and during strong " northers " in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $7,082,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, but inclusive of $1,365,000 contributed by local interests. The late4t (1930) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $550,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of March 3, 1905, provided for the easing or cut-off of sharp bends and the construction of the pile dike (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 35, 61st Cong., 2d sess.), the act of March 2, 1919 provided for the 30-foot channel, the widening at Manchester, and the present dimensions of the turning basin (t. Doc. No. 1632, 65th Cong., 3d sess.); the act of March 3, 1925, provided for the light draft exten- sion of'the channel to the mouth of White Oak Bayou (H. Doc. No. 93, 67th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for widening the channel through Morgan Point and to a point 4,000 feet above Baytown and for widening certain bends. (H. Doc. No. 13, 71st Cong., 1st sess.) The latest published map is in the last- mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-In compliance with the provisions of the river and harbor act approved June 25, 1910, the citizens of Harris County, Tex., contributed the sum of $1,206,297.83, being one-half the actual cost of constructing the Houston Ship Channel to depth of 25 feet, and in accordance with the provisions of the river and harbor act approved March 4, 1913, they contributed the sum of $200,000 as one-half the estimated cost of building two pipe-line dredges for maintenance of the channel. The city of Houston also dredged the upper section of the bayou between the turning basin and the foot of Main Street, Houston, to a depth of 8 feet and width of 40 feet in 1913-14, at a cost of about $45,000, and contributed the sum of $1,625.78 as one-half the actual cost of removing with Government plant the snags, logs, etc., from this section. The city has also removed a total of 1,592,330 cubic yards of material in enlarging the turning basin and providing berths at their municipal docks. Local interested parties at Goose Creek and Houston also con- tributed the sum of $2,880.95 cash and 1,000 barrels of fuel oil toward the cost of dredging a channel from the Houston Ship Chan- nel to the mouth of Goose Creek, which is a tributary of the ship channel and empties into Black Duck Bay about ,2 miles above Morgan Point. The river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919, required that local interests must furnish without cost to the United States all necessary easements and dumping grounds and contribute the sum of REPQRT - OF OC;IEE OF fQI EERS, U. S., AMY( l9 0 $1,365,000 toward the improvement; Theses conditios have been met. Approval was given by the Secretary of War on May 18, 1920. The river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925, in adopting the project for increased depth and width in. Bule Bayou, between the turning basin and mouth of White Oak Bayou provides-- That local interests furnish free of cost to the United States all necessary rights of way and easements for construction and maintenance of the channels and for suitable dumping grounds during construction and maintenance, and release the United States from all claims for damages to private or municipal property due to the improvement and its maintenance, such as undermining banks, cracking of buildings, injury to roads; walks, etc., from pipe-line overflow. These conditions have been met by local interests and approval was given by the Secretary of War on June 30, 1928. The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, in adopting the modified project for increased width at certain places provides- That local interests furnish, without cost to the United States, all necessary rights of way and easements and all necessary areas, suitably located, for the disposal of material excavated during constrUction and maintenance of the channel, hold and save the United States from all claims for damages to pri- vate and publicly owned property due to improvement ahd maintenance of the channel, and deed to the United States without charge two plots, of ground, one of about 3 acres on the est sidedof [organ cut and the other of about 1 acre on Old Buffalo Bayou at Harrisburg. These conditions have not ;yet been met, but local interests are acquiring all the required areas, rights of way, and easements, Terminal facilities.-The city of Houston and the. Harris County Houston Ship Channel navigation district have constructed 7,401 linear feet of wharves, which are located around the turning basin, with the exception of the Manchester Wharf, which is about 2 miles below the turning basin. These wharves have a total berthing capacity of 17 average-size Qcean-goig vessels. They contain a covered area of 1,175,011 square feet, an open area of 409,182 square feet, and a railroad-car storage capacity of 857 cars.' Nearly all the wharves are of concrete, and the majority of the sheds are of either concrete or steel. All are of modern cponstruction. Special features in connection with these wharves are'as follows: Wharf No. 1 has two cottonseed-cake grinding plants in service for grinding cotton- seed cake into meal for export shipment; the second story of Wharf No. 12 is also equipped with a similar plant; Wharves Nos. 1 and 4 are equipped with escalators for handling cargo from side-port vessels, with conveyors which carry commodities from ship side to the large concrete warehouse above and in rear of the transit shed, and with a 20-ton traveling electric crane and two 5-ton vertical-lift elevators; Wharf No. 5 is used as oil wharf for the loading and dis- charging of tankers; Wharves 1 to 5, inclusive, are fitted with pipe lines for the supplying of bunker oil to vessels while taking one or discharging cargo. In the rear of Wharves 7 and 8 there is located the Turning Basin Compress plant, with two high-density ship-side compresses and storage sheds for cotton. Wharves Nos. 13 and 14 are fitted as grain-loading berths, opposite the new grain elevator of 1,000,000-bishel capacity. The elevator was constructed and is being operated by the gavigation district. In addition to this grain facility there is a 750,000-bushel grain elevator ian fpur mill, owned by the American Maid Flour Mills, which is connected to the water RIVERS AND ARBORS---GALVESTON 'TEX , DISTBIOTo 105 front over the Manchester Wharf 2 miles below the turning basin, At this point there is also located a private coal-bunkering plant, with storage for about 20,000 tons of coal and a bunkering capacity of about 150 tons per hour. In addition to these facilities there is an open concrete wharf at the foot of Main Street and a small open timber wharf at the foot of Baker Street, in Houston, on the light- draft channel above the turning basin, both of which are owned by the city. All the publicly owned wharves are open to all on equal terms. There are also about 57 miles of publicly owned terminal railway tracks, which connect with the trunk-line railroads entering the city and through a neutral switching association perform a belt-line service to all roads on equal terms. This belt-line railway also con- nects with a number of the industries and refineries located along the channel. In addition to the public wharves above described there are a num- ber of privately owned wharves with berthing space for one to six vessels each located at the various industrial plants along the water- way, together with several loading and unloading chutes for handling cotton, rice, shell, sand, and pipe-line terminals for handling crude and refined oils. These privately owned wharves have a combined berthing space for 32 vessels. In addition to the above, new ter- minals and facilities for general cargo, with berthing space for 10 vessels are under construction at Morgan Point, and oil terminals and berthing space for a total of 13 tankers are under construction in the vicinity of Greens Bayou and at Clinton. The terminals of the Houston Compress Co. and Manchester Ter- minal Corporation, while essentially for the handling of cotton, use their wharves for general commodities. The others are private facili- ties and are understood not to be open to the public. The existing facilities serve existing commerce. Plans are said to be in preparation to extend the facilities as rapidly as commerce justifies and funds are available. (For further details of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 6, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-Water rates are now applied to Houston, the port being on a parity with Galveston and Texas City, although 50 miles farther inland. The channel has grown to be an important one for the import of crude oil and the export of oil products, cotton and cotton products, and general commodities. Important indus- trial development has taken place along the channel. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-New work: None. Total costs charged to new work during the year ($34,116.45) were for outstanding liabilities of the previous year on contract dredging in Buffalo Bayou above the turning basin. Maintenance: During the year maintenance dredging was done with United States pipe-line dredges Raymond, San Jacinto, Edwin R. Kimble, and Col. A. M. Miler. The Raymond between July 1 and September 13 completed the redredging of the turning basin to a depth of 35 feet below mean low tide, removing 689,124 cubic yards of sand, silt, and clay. The Miller, Kimble, and San Jacinto redredged 27,500 linear feet of the channel between Lynchburg and Morgan Point, removing 602,266 cubic yards of sand and silt, and 16 BEPOET OF CHIEFr orF ENGINEE S, t, S. ABMY, 1930 restoring project depth and width in that section after the floods of May and June, 1929. This work was completed September 20, 1929. The Sa JJaento between September 23 and March 25 re- dredged 39,200 linear feet of the channel in section 2 of the bay divieion below Red Fish Reef, removing 2,297,086 cubic yards of sand and silt. The San Jac-into between March 26 and June 30 redredged about 9,000 linear feet on the east and west sides of the entrance to the channel at Bolivar Roads, removing a total of 749,089 cubic yards of sand and silt. A total of 4,337,565 cubic yards was removed in maintenance work by Government plant. The total cost of this work was $281,289.44. In addition rmaintenance dredging was done by contractor's plant under contracts with the United States as follows: The dredges Texas and Pensacola redredged 48,660 linear feet of the channel in section 1 of the bay division between Morgan Point and Red Fish Reef, removing 3,942,476 cubic yards of sand and silt, completing the work on October 3, 1929. Cost of this work was $216;946.13. The dredge Texas between August 22, 1929, and January 4, 1930, redredged 9,000 linear feet of the channel between the Galena Signal Oil Co.'s plant and mouth of "Hunting Bayou, removing 665.240 cubic yards of sand and silt at a cost of $244,988.65. The dredges San~Diego and Windham between October 4, 1929, and June 30, 1930, redredged 24,500 linear feet of the channel be- tween Penn City Ferry and the turning basin, removing 2,344,985 cubic yards of sand and silt, at a cost of $506,628.86. This work is still in progress. Total removed by contractor's plant in maintenance work, 6,952,- 701 cubic yards. A total of 11,290,266 cubic yards was removed by both contract and Government plant in all this maintenance. The total cost of all this maintenance dredging was $1,249,853.08. Total costs charged to this improvement for the year, $1,283,969.53. The total expendi- tures for the fiscal year were $1,302,110.96. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 80 per cent completed. The entire ship channel, including the widen- ing in front of the wharf at Manchester, has been completed to existing project dimensions except for the widening of the channel through Morgan Point and in the San Jacinto River to a point 4,000 feet above Baytown, the widening of the bends at Harrisburg, Lynchburg, Norsworthy, and Manchester and the dredging of a small area in the extreme end of the southwest extension of the turning basin. To complete the existing project the uncompleted portion of the turning basin, the widenings above referred to, and the light-draft extension of the channel above the turning basin are to be dredged and the dike 26,000 feet long to protect the channel in upper Galveston Bay is to be completed. A side or tributary channel 10 to 12 feet deep and 3,700 feet long has been excavated from the ship channel to the mouth of Goose Creek. The ruling depths at mean low tide on June 30, 1930, were as finllows: Through Galveston Bay, 32 feet; thence to mouth of Vinces Bayou, 30 feet; thence to the turning basin, 28.7 feet with 33 to 35 RIVERS AND HARBORS---GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1067 feet in the turning basin; thence to Houston, 9 feet. The ruling depth in the channel to mouth of Goose Creek was about 6 feet. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year 1930 has been as follows: New work Maintenance Total United States funds--------..........--------------------- ------ $4, 655, 094.55 $4,545, 025.46 $9, 200,120. 01 Contributed funds .....--- -----------..............----- 1,365, 000. 00 1, 365, 000. 00 Total______---. --. __----- . ------- 6, 020, 094. 55 4,545, 025.46 10, 565,120. 01 The total expenditures on the existing project to the end of the fiscal year 1930 have been $10,473,285.55. In addition $1,365,000 was expended from contributed funds. Proposed operation.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930, amounting to $592,638.28 will be applied during the fiscal year 1931, as follows: New work: Completion of existing contract with United Dredging Co. for extending channel upstream to about " constitution bend" by payment of retained percentage held for compliance with certain conditions in dumping permit-------------------__$15, 000. 00 Maintenance: Pay outstanding liabilities as of June 30, 1930-------------- 141, 367. 07 Complete maintenance dredging in section 1, division 3, Bayou division, under contract, between July 1, 1930, and September 1, 1930--------------------------------------------- 71, 000. 00 Complete redredging lower end of channel in Bolivar Roads, Galveston Harbor, by the operatio of a United States pipe- line dredge between July 1, 1930, and September 1, 1930 _. 24, 000.00 Contingencies to include the removal of emergency shoaling from the turning basin and upper section of the ship channel by the operation of one United States pipe-line dredge and booster when required between July 1, 1930, and June 30, 1931_ 210,0Q. 00 Operation of district boat yard- --------- _----_ __-----__5_ 5, 000.00 Building levees and preparing dump grounds for United States plant, 12 months ----------------- ,-- ------ 7, 500.,00 Removal of snags and other obstructions from the waterway by the use of one United States derrick barge, three months-... 6, 000. 00 Expenses of Harrisburg field office, 12 months-------------- 36, 000. 00 Expenses of district and division offices, 12 months ----------- 20, 000. 00 Contingencies to include cost of dredging plant during periods of cessation of work--------------------------------------- 6, 771.21 Total for maintenance-----------------------------_ 577, 638.28 Total for new work and maintenance--------__---------- 592, 638.28 It is expected these funds will be expended at the rate of about .$100,000 per month for the 'first two months, and thereafter at a uniform rate of about $35,000 per month. Funds will be exhausted about June 30, 1931. With the $970,000 which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, it is proposed to do the following work: 1f~8 E CIER 3 RERT OF OF GINEERSR U. S. ARMY, 1930 New, work: : Widen channel through Morgan Point and from Morgan Point to a point 4,000 feet above Baytown; widen the Harrisburg bend and remove and reconstruct the buildings, wharves, pumping plant, and revetnient at Morgan Point, under new project adopted by river and harbor act of July 3, 1930------------- $621, 000 Expenses Harrisburg field office, six months--------- 19, 000 Expenses of district and division offices, six months------------- 10, 000 Total for new work__--------------------------- 650, 000 -Maintenance: Contingencies to include the removal of emergency shoaling from the turning basin and ship channel by the operation of one United States pipe-line dredge and booster when required --- 259, 000 Maintenance dredging of the shallow draft project between the ship channel turning basin and Main Street in Buffalo Bayou, with United States plant, about three months------- 25, 000 Building levees and preparing dump grounds for United States plant, 12 months---- -------------------- 9, 000 Expenses Harrisburg field office, six months- ------------------- 17, 000 Expenses of district and division offices, six months------------- 10, 000 Total for maintenance---------------------------------- 320, 000 Total for new work and maintenance---------------------- 970, 000 Comimercial statistics.-The principal items outbound during 1929 were cotton and cottonseed products, iron and steel, copper, lead, crude and refined oil, flour, rice, and grains, and the principal items inbound, crude and refined oil, jute, canned goods, paper, sugar, chemicals, general merchandise, and iron and steel manufactures. In addition to the foreign and coastwise traffic 2,038,247 tons of freight, consisting principally of fuel oil, sand, logs, shell, clays, and cotton, was moved locally in comparatively light-draft boats. The full project depth is necessary to move the foreign traffic, consisting prin- cipally of crude and refined oil, grain, and cotton. Usual limits of draft for loaded vessels carrying the principal classes of traffic, 18 to 30 feet. The first unit of the municipal wharves was completed in August, 1915, and a regular line of steamships established between Houston and New York (later changed to Philadelphia) the latter part of August, 1915, effecting a saving in freight rates of 6 to 17 cents per 100 pounds over the combined rail and water rates through the port of Galveston, according to figures furnished by the Houston Chamber of Commerce. The increases for 1926, 1927, 1928, and 1929 were due to general increase in traffic on this channel following the deepening of the channel to the new project dimensions and the establishment of industries along it. Comparative statement ayear Short tons Value Passengers alear Short tons Value Passengers 1925......-- 9, 732, 731 $522, 429, 205 37, 830 1928---- 12, 981,113 $583, 541, 199 1,147 1926-........ 10, 359,662 436, 469, 047 953 1929-........ 13, 917, 953 564, 842, 734 2,438 1927........ 12, 000, 414 466, 316, 967 2, 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS---GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1069 Cost an ,financiaI soef~VaUW Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------___ ---------------- $8, 760,251.42 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-i-_--- ---------------- 5, 748, 607.86 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------- 14, 508, 859. 28 Value of plant, materials, etc,, on hand June 30, 1930---------- 1, 338, 134. 09 Net total cost to June 30, 1930__--- --------------- 15, 846, 993. 37 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------- 39, 350. 86 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930-------------------- 15, 886, 344.23 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 104, 319. 41 Net total expenditures___------------------------- 15, 782, 024. 82 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------- 592, 638. 28 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------16, 374, 663. 10 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_-------------- $326, 200. 08 -- ___-$621.31 $34, 116. 45 Cost of maintenance------------............. 594, 529. 85 $563,410.97 $457, 79. 01 752, 209. 30 1, 249, 853.08 Total cost- -- ..---- ____ 920, 729.93 563, 410.97 457, 879.01 752, 830. 61 1, 283, 969.53 Total expended---------------- 920, 729.93 563, 410. 97 1, 169, 681.63 740, 734. 74 1, 302, 116. 96 Allotted.....---------------------- 457,000.00 600, 000. 00 1, 429, 257. 35 1, 175, 000.00 650, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ ___ $1, 244, 755. 24 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved May 28, 1930-- ----- __- $300, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved Feb. 28, 1929_ ____ ____- - 105, 900. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved Mar. 23, 1928------------- 244, 100.00 650, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for__--____-- - -- -_____ - 1, 894, 755. 24 Gross amount expended-- --------- __ - -1, 304,266. 06 Less receipts from sales_---- --------------- __ -2, 149. 10 1, 302, 116. 96 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ___-_____-___-.._ 592, 638. 28 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------- 141, 367. 07 Amount covered by Uncompleted contracts -------- 1, 003.00 212, 370. 07 Balance available June 30, 1930 -____------ -__ - -____. 380, 268. 21 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930--_____------------------ 39, 350. 86 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930----------- 419, 619. 07 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - ---- - 1, 100, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expehded in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work - -1-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- - ----- -- - -- - -- - - - - - - 650, 000. 00 For maintenance 320, 000. 00 - --- --- --- --- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- ----- - - - - - - iTotal 970,000.00 1Exclusive of available funds. 1070 REPORT OF OHIEF OF ENGI1EER TT Ss ARMY, 1930 9. EAST BAY BAYOU (IANNA REEF), TEX. The project is about 20 per cent completed, a ch annel across the shell reef having been dredged in 1911 to a depth of 7 feet at mean low water and a width of 40 to 60 feet, connecting with 5 feet depth of water on each side of reef. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, and no work is now proposed, as the present channel is sufficient to care for existing commerce, and no work on it will prob- ably be necessary. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1922, page 1071. Commercial statistics.-This is a channel through a shell reef in an open bay and is used by small boats bound for different localities. No commercial statistics were obtainable for the calendar years 1925 to 1929. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 2 to 4 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ---------------------------- $2, 476. 02 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------- 847.80 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------- 3, 323. 82 .. Net total expenditures------------------------------------- 3, 323. 82 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------- 3, 323. 82 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------------------ 7, 500. 00 10. DOUBLE BAYOU, TEX. Location and description.-Thisbayou enters upper Galveston Bay on the east side about 30 miles north of Galveston and about 81/4 miles south of Anahuac. It divides into east and west branches about one-half mile from the mouth, the east branch being about 15 miles long and navigable for 12 miles, and the west branch being about 12 miles long and navigable for 8 miles above the mouth. It is tidal throughout: its length and has a drainage area of about 100 square miles. The lowest stages occur during the winter season. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1282.) Original condition.-The mouth of the bayou was obstructed by a bar with a depth of 2 feet over its crest at mean low tide. Inside the bayou there was a depth of from 6 to 10 feet at mean low tide, with width of 40 to 150 feet, to the head of navigation on the two branches, 8 and 12 miles, respectively, above the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Eis4ting project.--The existing project provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low tide and 100 feet wide through the bar at the mouth of Double Bayou. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 0.7 foot, and the extreme range is about 0.9 foot. The height of tides is dependent largely on the wind, and during strong " northers " in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 11/2 feet below mean low tide. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $12,500. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The following statement is given to explain the authority for the existing project: The river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899, RIVERS AND HARBORS--ALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1071 contained an item providing for the improvement of " Brazos River between Velasco and Richmond, West Galveston Bay Channel, Double Bayou, and mouths of adjacent streams." Since at this time there was before Congress a report (H. Doc. No. 387, 55th Cong., 2d sess.) containing an estimate for a channel 6 feet deep and 100 feet wide through the bar at the mouth of Double Bayou, it has been assumed that these dimensions are, as stated above, those of the adopted project. The latest published map is contained in the project document. Recommended modifcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-There being no funds then available for main- tenance of this channel, private parties contributed the sum of $2,711.40 to pay the operating cost of redredging this channel in 1905-6. Terrrinal facilities.-The terminal facilities on this waterway are confined to small wharves for local use. These are privately owned, but most of them are used to some extent by the general public on equal terms. They are considered adequate for the present com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Has been to afford an outlet for farm products and means of securing needed supplies to quite a large farming community, the nearest railway being about 30 miles distant. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. pipe-line dredge Kimble between August 24 and September 6 redredged the entrance channel in Galveston Bay at the mouth of the bayou for its entire length and redredged the channel in the bayou up to the forks and in the north branch for a short distance above the forks. A total distance of 7,660 linear feet was covered by this dredging and a total of 116,354 cubic yards of material removed, restoring project depth in the channel. No other work was done during the year. Total cost charged to this improvement during the year, including over- head, was $6,937.94 for maintenance. Total expenditure on this improvement for the year was $6,950.94. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 70 per cent completed, a channel 5 to 7 feet deep at mean low tide and 60 to 85 feet wide having been dredged. The channel has yet to be widened to about 100 feet whenever commerce justifies. Ruling depth at mean low tide on June 30, 1930, was 3.8 feet in the entrance channel and 4.3 feet inside the bayou. The total cost of new work under the existing project has been $6,953.20 and of maintenance $94,239.16, a combined total of $101,- 192.36 The total expenditures under existing projects have been $101,192.36. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930, amounting to $11,268.73, will be applied during the fiscal year 1931 as follows : Maintenance dredging, wherever needed, by the operation of a United States pipe-line dredge for about 24 days at rate of $13,700 per month -- -------------------------------------- $10, 800. 00 District and division offices and miscellaneous-------------------- 468. 73 Total- ------ 11, 268. 73 11714---ENG 1930-68 1072 .REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S, ARMY, 1930 It is expected the available funds will be exhausted about June 30, 1931. With the $9,000 which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 it is proposed to do the following maintenance work: Dredging with United States dredge---------------- ---------- $8, 600 District and division offices---------------------------------- 400 Total------ ---------- ----------------------- 9, oQ0 This amount exceeds the average expended for maintenance during the last five years because more work is now necessary than was formerly done. Commercial statistics.-Vegetables, cordwood, logs, grain, feeds, mud shell, groceries, and general merchandise were the principal items moved over this channel during 1929. Practically all the commerce requires the full project depth. The decrease in tonnage for 1927 was due to decreased movement of grain, groceries, rice, sand, and gravel. The increases for 1926, 1928, and 1929 were due to increased shipments of rice; logs, cordwood, mud shell, and vege- tables. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 3 to 6 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925--_------- 3,182 $339, 966 135 1928-......... 6, 638 $290, 634 224 1926-.......... 6, 332 81.1,630 384 1929- ........- 13,117 302, 947 339 1927-..........1,736 159, 135 428 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------$6, 953. 20 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 4, 239. 16 9------------------------- Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- _ 101, 192. 36 Net total expenditures------------------------------------101, 192. 36 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------- 11, 268. 73 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------112, 461.09 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------------- - ------------- Cost of maintenance....................------------------ $12,336.06 $1,224.30 ------------ $4,109. 88 $6, 937. 94 Total expended.......................----------------------- 12, 336. 06 1, 224. 30 9, 532. 24 4, 096. 88 6, 950. 94 Allotted...----------------- ------------ 9,000.00 12,200.00 ------- 10,000.00 5, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929___--------------------------- $13, 219.67 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ------------------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for --------------------------- 23, 219. 67 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment---------------- 5, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for --- 1----------------- 8, 219. 67 Gross amount expendedd----- ----------- ---- - 6, 950. 94 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 1---------------1, 268. 73 RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1073 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1_-- - $5, 500. 00 •Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June _ _ 30, 1932, for maintenance 1___ - ------- 9, 000. 00 11. ANAHUAC CHANNEL, TEX. Location and description.-The town of Anahuac is on the north- east side of upper Galveston or Trinity Bay, opposite the mouth of the Trinity River, 38 miles north of Galveston and 25 miles northeast of Seabrook. The channel is about 3 miles long and extends from 6 feet depth at mean low tide in the bay to the wharf and slip at Ana- huac, connecting with the channel through Browns Pass to the Trinity River. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1282.) Original condition.-No natural channel existed, the depths vary- ing from 1 foot near shore to 6 and 7 feet at mean low tide at a distance of 3 miles from Anahuac wharves. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-There is no definite project for this channel. The river and harbor act approved March 3, 1905, contained an item for "Improving West Galveston Bay Channel, Double Bayou, and mouths of adjacent streams, including Trinity River, Anahuac Chan- nel, and Cedar Bayou," but at the time of the appropriation no rec- ommendation of definite channel dimensions had been made to Con- gress. A channel 6 feet deep at mean low tide and 80 feet wide was dredged in 1905 from Galveston Bay to the wharves at Anahuac, a distance of 16,000 feet. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 0.7 of a foot and the extreme range about 0.9 of a foot. The height of tides is dependent largely on the wind, and during strong " northers " in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 11/2 feet below mean low tide. The latest (1928) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $12,500. The latest published map is contained in House Document No. 440, Fifty- sixth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-A slip at Anahuac Wharf has been excavated with United States plant, the cost of operation being paid by local interests. In 1912, there being no Government plant available, the dipper dredge Thos. H. Ball was borrowed from the city of Houston and .the channel redredged, the United States paying only the cost of operation. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities are at Anahuac and consist of several small wharves and slips for local use. They are all privately owned, but most of them are used by the public and on equal terms. They are considered adequate for the existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-There is no railroad communication with this locality, and all produce and supplies pass through this channel. The channel now connects with the channel to mouth of Trinity River and is used as a link of that waterway. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1074 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. pipe-line dredge Kimble between September 7 and September 20 redredged 13,500 linear feet of the channel, restoring project dimensions and. excavating a total of 183,596 cubic yards of material. Total cost of dredging for the year was $6,457.18. During the year a rudder boom was maintained at the head of Browns Pass, Trinity River, to divert drift down the Southwest Pass and prevent, so far as possible, its movement into the Anahuac Channel. This boom has proven suc- cessful and has almost removed the necessity of snagging by snag boats as in the past. The total cost of its maintenance and repair was $1,385.41. Total cost of all the work on this improvement for the year was $7,842.59, all for maintenance. Total expenditure on this improvement for the year was $7,853.52. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1911. The ruling depth on June 30, 1930, was about 5.6 feet at mean low tide. The total cost of new work under the existing project has been $5,975.10 and of maintenance $147,228.86, a combined total of $153,203.96. The total expenditures under the existing project have been $153,193.22. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930, amounting to $18,224.27 will be applied during the fiscal year 1931 as follows: Maintenance dredging wherever needed by the operation of a Unitea States pipe-line dredge for about 33 days at a rate of $13,700 per month ----------------------------------------- $15, 000.00 Operation and maintenance of boom to prevent formation of drift jams ___-- ----------- 300. 00 1--------- 1, Removal of snags, if required, by the operation of a United States derrick barge for about three-fourths month, at $2,000 per month_ 1, 500. 00 District and division offices and miscellaneous---------------------- 315. 85 Pay outstanding liabilities as of June 30, 1930- - __- -__ 108. 42 Total ---------------------------------------------- 18, 224. 27 It is expected that the funds will be exhausted about June 30, 1931. This is an important light-draft channel serving communities without railroads, and its maintenance to project dimensions is neces- sary. With the $11,000 that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, it is therefore proposed to do the following maintenance work: Dredging with United States dredge__ ---------------------------- $8, 000 Removal of snags by a United States derrick barge, if required ________ 1, 000 Operation of boom- ---------------- -- , 300 1-------------------- District and division offices-------------------------------------- 700 Total---------------------------------------------- 11, 000 This amount is less than the average expended for maintenance during the last five years, because the construction and operation of the drift boom has reduced the amount of snagging work necessary. Commerci statistics.- Reef shell, oils, lumber, machinery, and general merchandise were the principal items moved through this channel in 1929. Practically all freight coming from and destined to Turtle Bayou, points on the lower Trinity River, and Anahuac passes through this channel, as there is no railroad communication. The tonnage shown below includes that passing through Turtle RIVERS AND HARBORS---GALVESTON, 'TEX., DISTRICT 1075 Bayou and mouth of Trinity River, as well as that going to and coming from Anahuac. The increases for 1926, 1928, and 1929 were due to the movement of a large amount of mud shell, lumber, logs, oils, and rice, and the decrease for 1927 was due to decline in move- ment of rice, logs, oils, and general merchandise. Usual limits of drafts for loaded boats, 3 to 5 feet. The full project depth is needed for practically all the commerce on the waterway. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925_-. --------- - .------ 4, 454 $427,195 1928 1--------------------- 16, 483 $614,299 1926--- ........------------------ 19,723 676,678 1929 2------------------- 62, 588 804,857 1927_-------- --------- 7,144 345,393 1Passengers, 59. 2 Passengers, 127. Cost and flanwiat summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ---------------------------- $5, 975. 10 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------- 147,228.86 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--.----.--- - 153, 203.96 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_-_ __-- __---------10. 74 Net total expenditures_----------------------------- 153, 193. 22 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------------- 18, 224. 27 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 171, 417.49 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....------------------------------------------------------------------ Cost of maintenance.....------------ - $21, 764 32 $11, 149. 31 $12, 751. 11 $14, 101. 92 $7, 842. 59 Total expended............................ 21, 764. 32 11, 149. 31 12,118. 45 14, 743. 59 7, 853. 52 Allotted..............................----------------------------- 15, 000. 00 21, 000. 00 ------------ 30, 500.00 -2, 500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ----------------------------- $28, 577. 79 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-....--.------ ------------------------------- 12, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------------41, 077. 79 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment--------------- 15, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------ 26,077. 79 Gross amount expended________ -__ -- ________-_ 7, 853. 52 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------____ 18, 224. 27 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-___----_--------- - ---__ _ 108. 42 Balance available June 30, 1930--------------------- _ 18, 115. 85 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11,000. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. 1076 REPOT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 12. TURTLE BAYOU, TE-X. Location and description.-Turtle Bayou, a tidal stream, is about 20 miles long and flows south into Turtle Bay, a small bay at the north end of upper Galveston Bay, 31/2 miles from Anahuac and 411/2 miles from Galveston, Tex. The improved section is across Turtle Bay at the mouth and in the bayou for about 10 miles above the mouth, including a branch known as Lee Gulley. Its drainage area is about 75 square miles. The lowest stages occur during the winter. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1282.) Original condition.-From Anahuac across Turtle Bay to the mouth of bayou, 31/2 miles, the depth was 3 feet, with 21/2 feet at mean low tide on the bar at mouth of bayou; thence for 51/2 miles the bayou had a depth of about 16 feet, with 8 feet at mean low tide for the next 5 miles, shoaling to 4 feet in next 7 miles. The head of navigation was only about 51/2 miles above the mouth, snags and over- hanging trees obstructing navigation above that point. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 4 feet deep at mean low 'tide and 50 feet wide from the mouth of Turtle Bayou across Turtle Bay to the foot of Browns Pass (mouth of Trinity River). Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 0.7 foot, and the extreme range about 0.9 foot. The height of tides is dependent largely on the wind, and during strong " northers " in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 1/2 feet below mean low tide. The original estimate of cost for new work, which was made in 1900, was $10,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $7,500. The following statement is given to explain the authority for the existing project: The river and harbor act approved June 25, 1910, contained an item providing for the improvement of "West Gal- veston Bay Channel, Turtle Bayou * * * including mouths of adjacent streams." Since, at this time, there was before Congress a report (H. Doc. No. 440, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) containing an estimate for a channel 4 feet deep at mean low tide and 50 feet wide froni the mouth of Turtle Bayou across Turtle Bay to the foot of Browns Pass, it has been assumed that these dimensions'and limits for the channel are, as stated above, those of the adopted project. The length of the improved section is about 141/2 miles, of which 31/2 miles is across Turtle Bay, 10 miles in Turtle Bayou, and 1 mile in a branch of Turtle Bayou known as Lee Gulley. The latest published map is contained in House Document No. 440, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-A dam with tidal lock was built acrbss the lower end of Turtle Bay to retain the fresh water in bay and bayou for irrigation purposes. This was built in 1911-12 by the Lone Star Canal Co., under authority of the Secretary of War, dated June 25. 1910, but was destroyed by the hurricane of August 16-17, 1915. A new lock and dam was built, under permit by the Trinity River irrigation district, the lock being placed in a cut leading through land between Turtle Bay and the mouth of the Trinity River, and a new channel 5 feet deep at mean low tide, 50 feet wide on bottom, and 5,000 feet long has been excavated, connecting this lock with the RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1077 channel through Turtle Bay. The entire mouth of Turtle Bay was closed by an earth dam. This dam was again destroyed by the hurricane of September, 1919, was rebuilt and washed out for the third time. The lock and dam are now in dilapidated condition. The local interests on Turtle Bayou furnished $1,500 for redredging the connecting channel in Turtle Bayou in November, 1920, the work being done with the United States dredge in connection with re- dredging the entire channel across this bay. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities consist of a few small wharves, for local use, located at various places along Turtle Bayou. They are privately owned, but most of them are used to some extent by the general public on equal terms. They are considered adequate for the small commerce that exists at present. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Has opened a line of communication to a section not served by a railway. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-The United States pipe- line dredge Kimble between September 21 and November 9 redredged the entire channel across Turtle Bay from the gap in the dam at lower end of the bay to the mouth of Turtle Bayou, a total distance of 19,825 linear feet, to depth of 7 to 8 feet at mean low tide and width of 70 to 80 feet, excavating a total of 350,943 cubic yards of sand, silt, and shell. No other work was done. Total cost charged to this improvement during the year including overhead was $22,- 224.17, all for maintenance. Total expenditure on this improvement for the year was $22,224.17. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1911 at a saving of $1,100 under the estimated cost. The ruling depth on June 30, 1930, was 4.6 feet at mean low tide. The total cost of new work under the existing project has been $8,899.97 and of main- tenance $57,685.83, a combined total of $66,585.80. The total expendi- tures under the existing project have been $66,585.80. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930, amounting to $2,775.83 will be applied during the fiscal year 1931 as follows: Maintenance dredging to remove a shoal in the lower end of the chan- nel, by the operation of a United States pipe-line dredge for about five days at $13,700 per month _ _. $2,285. 00 District and division offices and miscellaneous--------------------490. 83 Total----------------------------------------------- 2, 775. 83 It is expected that the available funds will be exhausted about June 30, 1931. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, since operations during 1931 will place the channel in condition to care for the needs of existing commerce during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial 8tatistics.-The principal items carried on this water- way during 1928 were charcoal, vegetables, and general merchandise. Decrease in tonnage for 1927 and 1928 due to lack of movement of logs, rice, cordwood, and general merchandise. The large decreases for 1927 and 1928 were probably due to the shoal condition of the channel. No commerce was reported during 1929, due probably to the very shoal condition of the channel which prevented use by any 1078 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 but very small boats. The channel was redredged during Septem- ber, October, and November, 1929, and it is expected that commerce will develop during 1930. The full project depth is needed for development of commerce on this waterway. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925--------------------- 10, 707 $176,575 1928 ---------------------- _ 14 $300 1926--------------------- 5, 106 358,155 1929... 1927---------------------- 191 6,710 Cost an4tflnail sumWma/ry ---------------------- Cost of new work to June 30, 19380 -$8, 899. 97 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_- --- __ -__-------- 57, 685. 83 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_.-- 585. 80 -66,6_----- Net total expenditures--- ---------------------------------- 66, 585. 80 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 __- -- ------ 2, 775. 83 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ---------- 69, 361.63 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.................................... Cost of maintenance .....------------------- $1, 000. 00 $347.30 $300. 00 ------------ $22,224. 17 Total expended---.....--...------------------ 1,000.00 347.30 300. 00 ------------........... 22, 224. 17 Allotted--------- ---------------------------- -14, 700..00 -4,838.37 -14,700.00 25,000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Apr. 15, 1926-- ---------------------------------------- $30, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for----------------- ---------------- 30, 000. 00 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment----------------5, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for-.... --- ___--__ _ 25, 000. 00 Gross amount expended----- ------------ ------- 22, 224. 17 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------_____- _ 2, 775. 83 13. MOUTH OF TRINITY RIVER, TEX. Work on Middle Pass has been abandoned. A channel at Southeast or Browns Pass was completed in 1907 to depth of 7 feet at mean low tide and width of 80 feet from Anahuac Channel to deep water in Trinity River, a distance of 6,700 feet. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, and no work is now proposed as the present channel is sufficient to care for existing commerce. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1928, page 995. Commercia statistice.-Charcoal,logs, lumber, oils, and general merchandise were the principal items moved through this channel during 1929. The marked decrease for 1997 was caused by decrease in movement of all commodities. The marked increase for 1928 and 1929 was caused by a large movement of mud shell, logs, lumber, oils, RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1079 and machinery. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 2 to 6 feet. The full project depth is needed for the movement of lumber, logs, and fuel oil over this waterway, these items constituting over 90 per cent of the freight moved ordinarily. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925.......--------------------- 14, 107 $244, 575 1928 2..---. .------- 16, 583 $453, 426 1926---------------------11, 566 423, 175 1929 a-------------------- 19, 157 290, 630 1927 1 ------- 191 6, 710 1Passengers, 320. ! Passengers, 59. a Passengers, 82 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------- $79, 540. 44 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------- 10, 870. 95 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------------90, 411.39 Net total expenditures------------- ---------------------------- 90, 411. 39 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- ----- 90, 411. 39 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..-- . .-- -----------... . .------------------------------ Cost of maintenance ........................................ Total expended.....-------- -- - - - --- - - - - - --- --- --- - - - - -I --- - -- Allotted.........---------------.. ---- -- ---------------------- $1, 000. 00 ---......---- .......... 14. TRINITY RIVER, TEX. Location and description.-The Trinity River rises in north cen- tral Texas and flows southeasterly about 760 miles, discharging into Galveston Bay, 37 miles northeasterly from Galveston. Its drainage area is about 18,000 square miles, of which about 6,000 are above Dallas, 510 miles from the mouth. The extreme low-water discharge at Dallas is 15 second-feet; the high-water discharge has not been measured, but is probably in excess of 50,000 second-feet. In the 468 miles from Dallas to Liberty the fall is about 370 feet, an average of 0.79 foot per mile. In the 41 miles from Liberty to the mouth the fall is only 1.1 feet at low water, at which stage tidal influence extends about 81/2 miles above Liberty. The valley through which the river flows in a tortuous course, frequently touching the bluffs, is from 3 to 7 miles wide, although contracting at about a dozen points to less than 1 mile. For 160 miles above the mouth there are many sand bars and caving banks; above this the bed and banks are fairly stable. The width between banks averages 300 feet, ranging from 500 feet in the lower 160 miles to 150 feet above this point. The capacity of the channel between banks is probably not over 20 per cent of the extreme flood discharge. The extreme low- water width of the river ranges from 40 to 200 feet. (See Texas post-route map.) 1080 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Original condition.-A minimum depth of 6 feet at mean low Gulf level was available for a distance of 37 miles above the mouth and 3.5 feet for 41/2 miles more to Liberty. Above Liberty the depth rapidly decreased, there being but a few inches at low water over many of the shoals, rendering passage difficult even for flatboats and skiffs. The river was much obstructed by snags and drift. In for- mer times it was regularly navigated at suitable stages to Lock- ridges Bluff, 392 miles above the mouth, and occasionally as far up as Dallas. A crib dam, which was subsequently washed out, was built in 1890-1894 by the Trinity River Navigation Co. at McComas Bluff, about 13 miles below Dallas. Previous projects.-The project outlined in House Document No. 409, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session, provided for a 4-foot channel from the mouth to Dallas, by the construction of 37 locks and dams, with incidental dredging and open-channel work. The project con- tained therein was adopted in part by the river and harbor acts of June 13, 1902, March 3, 1905, March 2, 1907, June 25, 1910, July 25, 1912 (which increased the depth to 6 feet), March 4, 1913, and July 27, 1916, each of which acts authorized the construction of certain- named locks and dams. The provisions of all of these acts for this improvement, so far as they related to lock and dam construction were repealed by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922. The cost and expenditures were $2,181,408.04, of which $1,890,405.65 was for new work and $291,002.39 was for maintenance. For further details of previous projects, see page 1113 of Annual Report for 1921. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep and of navigable width from the mouth to Liberty, 41.4 miles above the mouth. At low water tidal influence extends about 50 miles above the mouth, the mean tidal range at the mouth being about one-half foot. The ordinary variation between the high and low water at Liberty is 14 feet, extreme 26.3 feet. The estimate of cost, made in 1920, was $72,000 for new work and $20,000 annually for maintenance. The river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, having directed the abandonment of the improvement of the Trinity River from Liberty to Dallas (H. Doc. 989, 66th Cong., 3d sess.), the improve- ment of the remainder, from Liberty to the mouth, continues as pro- vided for by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912. The latest published map is in House Document No. 409, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, required that before the appropriation should be expended the citi- zens of Dallas should contribute $66,000, to be applied to work in section 1, 49 miles from East Fork to Dallas. This contribution was made in May, 1905. Land needed for sites for locks and dams was provided free by the Dallas Chamber of Commerce. Terminal facilities.-The only wharves on this river are all in the 20 miles above the mouth. They are four in number and range from 10 to 20 feet in length. All are privately owned, and usage is free at all except one. One has a hand derrick; the other three have no RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1081 freight-handling facilities. They have no physical connection with any railroad. They are adequate for the existing commerce, and there is ample room for future enlargement. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work of clearing the lower river has facilitated the small amount of navigation that is carried on as far up as Liberty. Operations and results during floal year.-None. There were no costs or expenditures during the year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1925. The ruling depth on June 30, 1930, between the mouth and Liberty was about 6 feet at low water. The total cost of the existing project was $173,934.23, of which $112,255.72 was for new work and $61,678.51 was for maintenance. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $173,934.23. Proposed operations.-Thefunds unexpended July 1, 1930, amount- ing to $5,454.02, will be applied to the removal of snags and ob- structions from the channel, when required, by the operation of one United States derrick barge. It is expected the available funds will be exhausted on or before June 30, 1931. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as no work is contemplated. Commercial statistics.-The only commerce reported on the river for 1929 was in the lower tidal portion. The commerce consisted of fuel oil, machinery, lumber, logs, and general merchandise. The increase in tonnage for 1926, 1927, 1928, and 1929 was caused by a large movement of logs, mud shell, oils, oil-well machinery, and lumber. Development of an oil field adjacent the lower portion of the river accounted for a large part of the increases for 1928 and 1929. Usual limit of draft for loaded boats, 2 to 5 feet. Comparative statement Commerce car- Logs floated Commerce car- Logs floated ried on vessels ried on vessels Year Year Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925__.-..---- 745 $70, 880 -------- ... .... 1928---------.......... 12, 305 $308, 550 ...-------- 1926---::: . - : 4, 532 69, 715 ------ 1929 .......---- 22, 888 431, 784... 1927--------- 4, 832 137, 552 No passengers carried. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ...--------------------- $2, 002, 661. 37 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_----------------------_ 352, 680. 90 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------- 2, 355, 342.27 Net total expenditures------. ----------------------- 2,355,342.27 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 -- _---------------------- 5, 454. 02 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------- -2,360,796.29 1082 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------------ ------- - 4. -------------------.. , Cost of maintenance------------------- $1, 229.46 , 692.28------------$190.43 Total expended....................-.....- 1,229.45 38,592.28 ------------.. 190.43 ---------- Allotted .. ..-------------------------- 20,000.00 21,800.00 120, 000.00 .......----------- Balance unexpended Juy 1, 1929---__ ----------------------- $5, 454. 02 Balance unexpended Jule 30, 1930...------------------------- 5, 454. 02 15. CEDAR BAYOU, TEX. Location and description.-This bayou is about 30 miles long, flow- ing south and emptying from t1he eastern shore into the northwest corner of upper Galveston Bay, about 11/2 miles below the mouth of San Jacinto River and about 281/2 miles north of Galveston, Tex. It is tidal throughout its length. The lowest stages are during the winter season. Its drainage area is about 75 square miles. The im- proved section is about 4 miles long, extending across. San Jacinto Bay from a connection with the Houston Ship Channel to the mouth of the bayou, thence up the bayou about 11/2 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1282.) Original condition.-The mouth of the bayou was obstructed by a bar with a depth of 3 feet at mean low tide. Just inside the mouth there was a depth of 7 feet, with a depth of 7 to 15 feet at mean low tide for a distance of about 16 miles to the head of navigation at Needle Point, the bayou ranging in width from 100 to 250 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved September 19, 1890, and modified by the river and harbor act approved July 13, 1892. The cost and expendi- tures on the original and modified project prior to the adoption of the existing one on July 13, 1892, were $32,150, all for new work. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low tide and 100 feet wide from the Houston Ship Channel to a point on the bayou 11 miles above the mouth. The project also includes the jetties at the mouth of the bayou provided for under the previous project. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 0.6 foot and the extreme range 1.3 feet. The height of tides is dependent largely on the wind, and during strong " northers " in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 3 feet below mean low tide. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1930 is $50,000, of which $25,000 is to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (S. Doc. No. 107, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in this document. Recom1mende modifcation~s of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, provides that local interests shall contribute 50 per cent of the estimated first cost of the improvement but not to exceed $25,000, and shall furnish, without cost to the United States, all necessary easements, rights of way, and dumping grounds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1083 These conditions have not yet been met, but it is understood local interests are ready to comply with the requirements promptly when United States funds are available for the work. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities consist .of a few small wharves for local use located at various places along Cedar Bayou. They are privately owned but most of them are-used to some extent by the general public on equal terms. They are considered adequate for the commerce that exists at present. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Provides means of communication with a well-settled farming section without railway connection nearer than 2 miles. Boat-building yard and marine ways for repair of barges, tugs, etc., are established near the town of Cedar Bayou. The channel also serves as an outlet for oil from a developing oil field adjacent to the upper portion of Cedar Bayou. Operations and results during fiecal year.-The U. S. pipe-line dredge Kimnble between August 6 and 23 redredged the channel for its entire length, covering a total of 14,930 linear feet and excavating a total of 198,763 cubic yards of material, restoring project depth. The channel, having again shoaled to such an extent as to obstruct navigation, the Kimble was again placed on the work on December 28 and continued operations until January 31, dredging to a depth of 8 feet at mean low tide and width of 70 to 80 feet over the shoaled portions to provide against rapid shoaling of the channel. A total length of about 14,483 linear feet of the channel across San Jacinto Bay and in the bayou for about 1 miles above the mouth was cov- ered by this dredging. In addition, the first bend above the mouth was eased by cutting away the point for a width of about 100 feet, the cost of this work ($2,000) being paid for by local interests. Total cubic yards removed, including the easing of the bend, was 188,498. The total cost of all this redredging (excluding the easing of the bend) was $21,652.61. Total cost charged to this improvement dur- ing the year, including overhead, was $21,652.61 for maintenance. Total expenditure on this improvement for the year was $21,655.86. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work on the modified project adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, has not yet been begun. Under the former project two brush and stone jetties-north jetty 1,413 feet long and south jetty 2,888 feet long-were built from shore along the sides of the channel, both jetties being built to an elevation 2.5 feet above mean low tide. A channel has been dredged 8 feet deep at mean low tide and 70 to 80 feet wide across San Jacinto Bay from a connection with the Houston ship channel to the mouth of the bayou and up the bayou for about 1/2 miles. The ruling depth in this channel on June 30, 1930, was about 7.4 feet at mean low tide. The work to be done to complete the project consists in widening the existing channel to 100 feet and deepening it to 10 feet at mean low tide and extending it to a point in the bayou 11 miles above the mouth. The total cost of new work under the existing project has been $6,937.15 and of maintenance $69,784.13, a combined total of $76,- 721.28. The total expenditures under the existing project have been $76,721.28. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930, -amounting to $7,760.82, will be applied during the fiscal year 1931 as follows: 1084 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, T. S. ARMY, 1930 Maintenance dredging wherever needed by the operation of a United States pipe-line dredge for about 17 days. at $13,700 per month___ $7, 600.00 District and division offices. ----------------- -------- 160. 82 Total------- --------------------------------------- 7, 760. 82 It is expected that the available funds will be exhausted about June 30, 1931. Recent increase in the traffic on this channel due to barging of oil has created a demand for its maintenance at all times. With the $13,500 which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 it is therefore proposed to do the following maintenance work: Dredging with United States dredge_-- ____---- - - $13, 000 -______ District and division offices------------ ----------------------- 500 Total ------------------------------------------------13, 500 This amount exceeds the average expended for maintenance during the past five years, because the channel has not been fully maintained. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project during 1932. Commercial statistics.-Crude oil, brick, and mud shell were the only items of freight carried on this waterway during 1929. The increases for 1926 and 1928 were due to large movements of mud shell and crude oil. The very marked increase for 1929 was due almost entirely to a large movement of oil by barge from a revived oil field adjacent to the upper part of the bayou. Decrease for 1927 due to lack of movement of mud shell. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 2 to 6 feet. The full project depth is necessary for all the traffic here if commerce is to be carried on unobstructed. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925.......-------------------- 41, 899 $205, 746 1928--------------------- 71, 649 $365, 945 1926-...................--------------------.... 71, 619 739, 904 1929----.......-----.......----........ 310, 668 1, 686, 876 1927------- -------------- 34, 087 340, 870 Cost and flnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__-------------------------- $39, 087. 15 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------------- 69, 784. 13 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_------- 108, 871.28 Net total expenditures ----- ------------------------------ 108, 871.28 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------------- 7, 760. 82 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930___------------- 116, 632. 10 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 _1930 Cost of new work-----...........----...----------------- -------------------------------- Cost of maintenance--........---..------ ----- .$8, 895.49 ----------- 13, 224. 93 $19.50 $21,652 61 .......------------------- Total expended---- 8, 895. 49 ------------ 10, 452. 94 16. 2- 21, 655. 86 ...... Allotted --------- __-...........................----------------- $12, 200. 00 .. ... 6,000.00 21, 000.00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1085 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------------------- $8, 416. 68 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930----- $6, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 12, 1925..--------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927------------------------- 10, 000.00 21, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for--------------------------- 29, 416. 68 Gross amount expended ---------------------------- 21,655. 86 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------- 7, 760. 82 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 2-----------------__ 25, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably 1- expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance -_ -- _----__--_ 13, 500.00 16. CLEAR CREEK, TEX. Location and description.--Clear Creek has its source about 13 miles south of Houston, Tex., and flows southeast for a distance of about 25 miles, emptying into the west side of upper Galveston Bay at a point 24 miles northwest of Galveston, Tex. It is tidal through- out its length, and the lowest stages occur during the winter season. About 2 miles above its mouth it expands into a wide sheet of water, known as Clear Lake. Its drainage area is about 100 square miles. The section under improvement extends from the mouth to Friends- wood, a distance of 20 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1282.) Original condition.-The creek was obstructed at its mouth by a narrow sand bar, on which the depth did not exceed 2 feet. Above the bar for a distance of 2 miles the depth was over 8 feet; thence across the lake, which is 3 miles long and 11/2 miles wide, there was an average depth of 11/2 feet at mean low tide. Above the lake the creek had a depth of 8 to 12 feet at mean low tide, 100 to 150 feet wide, up to the town of Friendswood, the head of navigation. Prevtous projects.-None. Existing project.- This provides for a channel 4 feet deep at mean low tide and 50 feet wide across the bar at the mouth in Galveston Bay and through Clear Lake to deep water in Clear Creek. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 0.6 of a foot and the extreme range 1.3 feet. The height of tides is dependent largely on the wind, and during strong "northers " in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. The original estimate of cost of new work, which was made in 1900, was $10,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of mainte- nance is $6,000. The following statement is given to explain the authority for the existing project: The locality has been improved as an adjacent stream under the item of the river and harbor act approved June 13, 1902, which made appropriation for "Improvement of the Brazos River between Velasco and Richmond, Tex., and mouths of adjacent 1 Exclusive of available funds. 2 In addition local interests are required to contribute $25,000. 1086 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 streams." There being before Congress at the time of the appropri- ation a report (H. Doc. No. 449, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) containing an estimate for a channel 4 feet deep at mean low tide, and 50 feet wide across the bar at the mouth and through Clear Lake to deep water in Clear Creek, it has been assumed that these dimensions arid limits for the channel are, as stated above, those of the adopted project. The latest published map is contained in House Document No. 449, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Priorto 1899 private parties reported having dredged the channel across the bar at the mouth of the creek at a cost of about $2,500, and in 1907-8 a channel 6 feet deep at mean low tide and about 80 feet wide, extending from 6-foot depth in Gal- veston Bay to the mouth of creek a distance of about 4,700 feet, was reported completed at cost of about $2,500, the work being done by private parties. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities consist of small wharves for local use located at the town of Seabrook, at the mouth of the creek, and at various points along the length of the waterway. They are privately owned, but most of them are used to some extent by the general public on equal terms. They are considered adequate for the commerce that exists at present. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Has been to afford a navigable waterway connection between the towns of Seabrook, Webster, League City, and Friendswood, and the cities of Houston and Galveston, and especially a means of distributing shell at the former places for the county highways and for railway ballast. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. pipe-line dredge Kimble, between February 4 and 22, redredged the entrance channel in Galveston Bay at the mouth of the creek and also dredged a channel across a shoal in the creek just above the mouth, all to a depth of 7 to 8 feet at mean low tide and a width of 70 to 80 feet. A total of 7,720 linear feet of channel was covered by this redredg- ing and a total of 107,348 cubic yards of sand, silt, and shell removed. No other work was done during the year. Total cost charged to this improvement for the year, including overhead, was $11,119.02, all for maintenance. Total expenditure on this improvement for the year was $11,160.18. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1908. Ruling depth on June 30, 1930, was about 5.3 feet in the entrance channel and 2.7 feet across the lake at mean low tide. The total cost of new work under the existing project has been $14,290.95 and of maintenance $58,351.68, a combined total of $72,- 642.63. The total expenditures under the existing project have been $72,642.63. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930, amounting to $937.53, will be applied during the fiscal year 1931 as follows : Surveys and miscellaneous work _....________---- __- ---- _ $600. 00 District and division offices-_____ ----- 337. 53 Total- _ 937. 53 RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1087 It is expected that the available funds will be exhausted about June 30, 1931. With the $7,000 that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 it is proposed to do the following maintenance work: Dredging with United States dredge---------------------------- $6, 700 District and division offices-_ ------------------------------------ 300 Total ------------------------------------------------- 7, 000 This amount exceeds the average expended for maintenance during the past five years because work had been reduced due to lack of demand and because the channel did not urgently need redredging for about three years. Commercial statistics.-Oysters, mud shell, fish, and oyster shells were the principal items of freight moved over this waterway during 1929. All the commerce here requires the full project depth. The marked increase for 1927 and 1929 was due to a large movement of mud shell, fish, and oysters. Decrease in tonnage for 1926 and 1928 caused by decreased movement of mud shell. Usual limits of draft for loaded vessels, 2 to 7 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925-.....-------------------......... 181, 420 $220, 267 1928 --------------------- 6, 408 $35, 846 1926 1 __ . ..-------..... 32, 688 80, 146 1929 2.... ................ 17, 556 38, 229 1927_ ... __ ... . ....... _ 193, 309 236, 773 1 Passengers carried, 900. 2Passengers carried, 5, 000. Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------------- $14, 290. 96 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-58, 351. 68 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 72, 642. 63 Net total expenditures ------------------------------------ 72, 642. 63 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------ 37. 53 9---------------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------73, 580. 16 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work -- -------- ------------------- ---- - Cost of maintenance--------------------- $927. 01 $3, 106. 08-------------$146. 51 $11, 119. 02 Total expended--------------------------- 927.01 3, 106. 08 $113.01 105. 35 11, 160. 18 Allotted......----------------------------- 5,000.00 6,600.00--------- 6,000.00 -6, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------ ------------ $18, 097. 71 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924------------------------------------------------- 4, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_------------------------ _ 22, 097. 71 11714---mN 1930-69 1088 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment _______________ $10, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for-...--------------- __ - 12, 097. 71 Gross amount expended___-------------------------- - - 11, 160. 18 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_- ---- ___--____- 937. 53 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1-- --- --- -- --- --- --- --- --- ---- - -- -- 30, 1932, for maintenance 7, 000. 00 17. DICKINSON BAYOU, TEX. The project was completed in 1909 at a saving of $1,212 under the estimated cost. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, and no work is now proposed, as the present and prospective commerce is not considered sufficient to justify the expenditure of the funds necessary to redredge the channel. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1928, page 1005. Commercial statistics.--There appears to have been no commerce on this stream during 1925, 1926, or 1927. Local interests along the bayou state that this was due to the shoal condition of the entrance channel. During 1928, 300 tons of mud shell and 34 tons of fish, shrimp, and crabs were moved over the waterway; and dur- ing 1929, 98 tons, consisting of fish, shrimp, crabs, and general mer- chandise, valued at $19,502, were handled. Usual limits of draft for loaded vessels, 2 to 4 feet. The full project depth is needed if any commerce is to be carried on. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--- ------------------- ________ $6, 287. 28 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930- --------- ______-______ __ 36, 553. 83 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930__.________ 42, 841. 11 Net total expenditures------------------------------------------42, 841. 11 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930______________-__--_ 42, 841. 11 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .....------.----.-- - Cost of maintenance--...------.------------ $306. 15 ------- _ ---- _-_- -- ---- ........... Total expended--5-------------- --------- 306. 15 ...... Alotted ------ - ------................. . .. ............ 18. CHOCOLATE BAYOU, TEX. The project is about 50 per cent completed, the full width of chan- nel not having been obtained. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, and no work is now proposed, as the channel was completely redredged during April and May, 1920, and it is considered advisable to await the development of commerce over the channel before any further work is done. For a full description of this project see Annual Report foni 1922, page 1089. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1089 Commercial statistics.-Oysters and miscellaneous freight were the only items moved over this waterway during 1929 so far as could be determined. The marked decrease for 1926 was due to' decreased movement of mud shell. The full project depth is neces- sary for practically gall the traffic. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 2 to 4 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925.......... 204 $1, 766 400 1928 ......... 146 $2, 290 .. 1926.......... 60 720 100 1929....--------- 241 3,844 2, 000, 1927 ......... 95 11, 620 500 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $6, 512. 12 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 33, 248. 17 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1.930-------------39, 760. 29 Net total expenditures------------------------------------- 39, 760. 29 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------------39, 760. 29 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------------------ 8, 500. 00 19. BASTROP BAYOU, TEX. Location and description.-This bayou has its source near Angle- ton, in Brazoria County, and flows southeast a distance of about 25 miles, emptying into Bastrop Bay, which connects with West Gal- veston Bay. About 12 miles above its mouth a tributary known as Austin Bayou enters on the east bank. Bastrop Bayou and its tribu- taries are tidal throughout their length, and the lowest stages occur during the winter season. The drainage area is about 80 square miles. The mouth of the bayou is 5 miles northwest of San Luis Pass and about 30 miles west of Galveston. The section under im- provement extends from a connection with the line of the inland waterway in Bastrop Bay, across the bay to the mouth of the bayou, thence to the 5-foot depth in the bayou, a total distance of about 71/2 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1282 or 1283.) Original condition.-Across Bastrop Bay there were only about 10 inches of water at mean low tide; thence a depth of about 2 feet for a distance of about 2 miles above the mouth of the bayou; thence a depth of about 10 feet for about 20 miles above the mouth, except for three shoals of a total length of 3 miles, having a depth of 2 feet. The head of navigation was about 20 miles above the mouth of the bayou. Its tributary, Austin Bayou, was navigable about 10 miles above its mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 4 feet deep at mean ABstrop low tide and 100 feet wide from the vicinity of Christmas Point through Bay to 4 feet of water in the bayou and for the 1090 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 removal of overhanging timber and snags. Under ordinary condi- tions the mean tidal range is about 1 foot and the extreme range about 1Y2 feet. The height of tides is dependent largely on the wind, and during strong " northers " in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. The original estimate of cost for new work, which was made in 1900, was $20,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance to meet the present needs of commerce is $2,500. The following statement is given to explain the authority for the existing project: The river and harbor act approved March 2, 1907, added this improvement to others covered by the item for " Im- proving West Galveston Bay Channel, Tex. and mouths of adjacent streams, * * *." There being before Congress at the time of appropriation a recommendation (H. Doc. No. 454, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) for a channel 4 feet deep at mean low tide and 100 feet wide from the vicinity of Christmas Point through Bastrop Bay to 4 feet of water in the bayou, and for the removal of overhanging timber and snags, it has been assumed that the existing project, as described above, includes the work therein mentioned. The latest published map is contained in the above-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-Interestedparties subscribed a total of $269.42 to pay for operating U. S. dredge and snag boat Gen. S. M. Mans- field in cutting a channel through the shell reef at entrance to Bas- trop Bay in 1906, there being no Government funds available for this work. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities consist of small wharves for local use located at various points along the bayou. They are privately owned, but most of them are used to some extent by the general public on equal terms. They are considered adequate for the small commerce that exists at present. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Provides outlet for a farming commu- nity. This waterway is also a feeder to the inland waterway on the coast of Texas. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Total cost charged to this improvement for the year for maintenance was $156.64, for overhead. The expenditure was $160.97. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The project is about 50 per cent completed. The channel has been dredged to depth of about 6 feet at mean low tide and width of 60 feet from its connection with the inland waterway at Christmas Bay to the 6-foot depth in the bayou and maintained by redredging. No snagging or cutting of over- hanging timber has been done, and the channel has yet to be widened to 100 feet. The ruling depth on June 30, 1930, was about 4 feet at mean low tide. The total cost of new work under the existing project has beer $9,920.22 and of maintenance $27,129.21, a combined total of $37,- 049.43. The total expenditures under the existing project have been $37,049.43. Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended July 1, 1930, amounting to $948.98, will be applied during the fiscal year 1931 as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1091 Surveys and miscellaneous work___------------------------------$800. 00 District and division offices--- 98 1--------------------- Total----------------------------------------------- 948. 98 It is expected that the funds will be exhausted about June 30, 1931. It is not expected that any funds can be profitably expended dur- ing the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-There appears to have been no commerce whatever on this stream during 1926, 1927, 1928, and 1929. During 1923 and 1924 fuel oil and mud shell were the only items of freight and amounted to 36,035 short tons, valued at $45,280, for 1923, and 1,896 tons, valued at $2,460, for 1924. During 1925 fuel oil was the only item of freight amounting to 84 tons, valued at $840. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 2 to 4 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------------------------------- $9,920.22 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 27, 129. 21 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 37, 049. 43 Net total expenditures --------------- -------------------- 37, 049. 43 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------- 948.98 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------37, 998.41 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------------------------------.........................------------------------------........ Cost of maintenance .. .....------------------- $1, 411. 55 $9, 956. 85 ------------ $25. 98 $156. 64 Total expended ---- -------------------- 1, 411. 55 9, 956. 65 ------------......... 21. 65 160.97 Allotted--------..............---. ----- ------------------------------- 2,500.00 -4,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_--------------------------- $5, 109. 95 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment---------------- 4, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------1, 109. 95 Gross amount expended ---------------------------- 160. 97 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------ ------. _- 948.98 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1---------------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 20. OYSTER CREEK, TEX. The project was completed in 1911. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, and no work is now proposed, as there is no commercial navigation on this waterway at present and none in prospect. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1922, page 1093. Commercial statistics.-No statistics could be obtained for this stream for any year except 1918. The only commerce for 1918 was 13 tons of fuel oil, valued at $78. Owing to its shoal condition, the channel was not used as much as it might have been. Some small Exclusive of available funds. 1092 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 boats occasionally use this waterway, and the usual limit of draft is 2 to 4 feet. Cost and flnancial sumenary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------__ $6, 942. 24 ,Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930____-- _____------___- 7, 556. 73 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930__ ______ 14, 498.97 Net total expenditures ----------------- ------- 14, 498. 97 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------------------ 14,498. 97 21. FREEPORT HARBOR, TEX. Location and descr'ption.-This harbor is formed by the improve- ment of the Brazos River, Tex., from the mouth to Freeport, about 6 miles above. It is subject to tidal action and has a width of from 500 to 550 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. Z25.) The mouth of the Brazos River is about 47 miles southwest of Galveston Harbor entrance and about 137 miles northeast of Aransas Pass ...(Port Aransas). The ordinary discharge in the lower river probably varies from 245 second-feet to 66,000 second-feet, the re- }corded data being very limited. The river is subject to sudden floods, which are liable to occur at any time during the year. It is subject to tidal action to Bolivar Landing, about 48 miles above the mouth. The river is shown on Texas post-route map. Original condition.-The mouth of the river was obstructed by a shifting bar about three-eighths mile from shore, with depths varying from 3 to 8 feet at mean low tide. For a distance of 6 miles above the mouth to the town of Velasco the depths varied from 8 to 20 feet at mean low tide, with widths from 400 to 600 feet. Previous projects.-Adopted by river and harbor act approved June 14, 1880. The work was suspended in 1889, a total of $142,098.43 having been expended in the construction of the north jetty and foundation for part of the south jetty, all new work. In addition, $5,000 was appropriated and expended for a board of engineers to make an examination of the work done by private parties. The total cost and expenditures were $147,098.43, all for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1860 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel about 22 feet deep at mean low tide and not to exceed 25 feet deep and 150 feet wide from the jetties up to the present steamship wharf, and for such extension of the project upstream toward the town of Freeport as may be found desirable, to be attained by dredging, by jetties at the mouth of the harbor, and by a diversion dam in the Brazos River, a diversion channel, and necessary auxiliary works in general accord- ance with plan No. 6, as proposed by the district engineer, together with a lock in the diversion dam, approximately 200 feet long, 55 feet wide, and 121/2 feet deep over the miter sills. The Secretary of War is authorized to modify the route of the diversion channel and any or all of the auxiliary features in such manner as may seem to him satisfactory and desirable, after con- sideration of such alternative plans as may be submitted by local interests, provided, however, that in no such case shall the total first cost to the Government of the modification of the project au- RIVERS AND HARBORS--GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1093 thorized by the act of March 3, 1925, exceed the sum of $500,000, nor the estimated annual maintenance cost to the Government exceed $75,000, including care and operation of a lock, if provided. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, modified the act of March 3, 1925, so as to provide that, when local interests shall have furnished assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War that they will main- tain the diversion channel, the United States shall assume the cost of maintenance of the navigable channel, estimated at $75,000 an- nually, including care and operation of the lock, if provided. (See R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 18, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 1.8 feet and the extreme range about 21/2 feet. Freshets in the river, except under extreme donditions, do not cause a greater variation in the water surface than the tidal action. The estimate of cost of new work, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects revised in 1928, is $2,260,000, of which $1,1Q0,000 is to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $75,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for " dredging and such other work as may be deemed most effective in the judgment of the Secretary of War in improving and developing the harbor," and also provided for taking over the jetties and other auxiliary works built at the mouth of the river by a private company; as a result of an examination authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, the work was confined to maintenance of the jetties (H. Doc.,No. 1087, 60th Cong., 3d sess.); by the river and harbor act of February 27, 1911, dredging was again authorized in addition to repairs to the jetties. The act of March 4, 1913, provided for the construction of the seagoing hopper dredge, one-half the cost to be charged to this improvement and one-half to Aransas Pass. The act approved August 8, 1917, modified the project by providing for the purchase of one 15-inch pipe-line dredge and equipment, its opera- tion for an experimental period of three years, the operation of the seagoing dredge one-half time for three years, and repairs to the jetties (H. Doc. No. 1469, 63d Cong., 3d sess.). The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, provided for the diversion dam, the diversion channel, and necessary auxiliary works (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 10, 68th Cong., 2d sess.) and the act of July 3, 1930, further modified the project to provide for maintaining the diversion channel at the expense of local interests. (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 18, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) The latest published map is to be found in House Docu- ment No. 1469, Sixty-third Congress, third session. Recommended modifcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-After suspension of the work by the United States in 1889, the work of improvement was undertaken by the Brazos River Channel & Dock Co., under authority granted by Congress on August 9, 1888. This company built the northeast jetty for a length of 4,708 feet and the southwest jetty 5,018 feet, and several wing dams or spur dikes along the bank of the river to con- trol the current. The company transferred all their works, rights, privileges, etc., to the United States on April 25, 1899, after having obtained a depth of about 14.3 feet at mean low tide over the bar at a total expenditure, according to figures furnished by them, of 1094 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1930 $1,449,025. The river and harbor act approved August 8, 1917, adopted the limited modified project subject to certain conditions (stated in H. Doc. No. 1469, 63d Cong., 3d sess.), as follows: (a) Before any expenditures are made by the United States assurances shall be given satisfactory to the Secretary of War that the town of Freeport will own, in perpetuity, for the use of the public a strip of land 300 feet wide and 2,000 feet long, and shall construct thereon a dock or wharf with adequate rail connections, said dock or wharf to be at all times maintained in good condition by the said town of Freeport and kept open for the general use of the public, with reasonable tolls or charges for the landing of vessels or the loading, discharge, or transfer of freight; these tolls or charges to be approved by the Secretary of War. Said dock or wharf shall be so constructed and located on said strip of land as to permit of future extensions and enlargements. (b) Before any expenditures are made by the United States assurances shall be given satisfactory to the Secretary of War that the Frdeport Terminal Co., now said to own practically all of the waterfrdnt on the Brazos River from the jetties to and including the city of Freeport, will make and execute an instrument, in writing, containing covenants running with the land that no tolls .or dock charges, except such as may be approved by the Secretary of War, shall be charged against any vessel for the privilege of landing or loading dr unloading to or over any dock or wharves by whomsoever owned or held and wherever located upon or abutting upon said Brazos River frontage now owned by said Freeport Terminal Co. These conditions have been met by the local interests and approval was given by the Secretary of War on March 22, 1918. The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, adopting the present project, provided that local interests should comply with certain conditions, viz: (a) Furnish without cost to the Government all necessary rights of way and dumping grounds for disposal of dredged materials. (b) Hold and save the Government from all damage claims which may arise from the construction of a diversion channel, including possible claims due to alleged modifications of the regimen of the river above pdint of diversion. (o) Construct at their own expense such bridges over the diversion channel as may be necessary, at locations and in accordance with. plans to be approved by the Secretary of War. (d) Contribute $500,000 to the first cost of the work. Should local interests, however, prefer a route for a diversion channel other than as proposed, they shall supply all funds for the first cost of such an alternative channel as are in excess of $500,000, and with no extra charge to the Government for mainte- nance. This involves furnishing formal guaranty that they will meet the cost of a lock in the diversion dam of a design satisfactory to the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers if and when these authorities demand it. (See Com- mittee on Rivers and Harbors, Doc. No. 10, 68th Cong., 2d sess., p. 4.) These conditions have been met by local interests and approval was given by the Secretary of War on May 28, 1928. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, imposes the condition that, when local interests shall have furnished assurances satisfac- tory to the Secretary of War that they will maintain the diversion channel, the United States shall assume the entire cost of main- tenance of the navigable channel. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities are located at the towns of Freeport and Velasco at the upper end of this improvement and at a point about a mile above the inner ends of the jetties. The facilities at Freeport consist of two small wharves, privately owned but open to the public on equal terms, and one free public whari owned by the municipality of Freeport. The wharves at Velasco are small, privately owned, and in such a bad state of repair as to be practically useless. They are open to the public on equalterms. The RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1095 facilities just inside the mouth of the river consist of one sulphur- loading dock, about 250 feet long, by means of which crude sulphur from the mines near Freeport is loaded directly into vessels from railroad cars by means of chutes, one oil dock, and one steamship wharf, about 450 feet long, with wooden shed, which is owned by the railroad company and has in the past been used for handling miscel- laneous freight brought to it by regular trips of a freight steamer from New York. The sulphur dock and oil dock are not open to the public. The steamship wharf is open the public when not occu- pied by the owners. The existing facilities are considered adequate for the commerce that exists. As above noted under the paragraph on Local cooperation, provision has been made for the construction of a public wharf and the prevention of a terminal monopoly. Effect of improvement.-The effect of this improvement is to afford an outlet for sulphur, and a port of importation for fuel oil from Mexico, and for general coastwise and foreign traffic. The traffic has been hampered by the erratic shoaling of the bar channel at the jetty entrance and the inability of the United States to provide a suitable channel depth at all times within reasonable cost. Operations and results during fPecul year.-New work: The con- tract entered into in August, 1928, for dredging the Brazos River Diversion Channel, was completed September 13, 1929. A total of 2,211,928 cubic yards of material were removed during the fiscal year. Of this amount 948,112 cubic yards were placed in the dam, 408,800 cubic yards in levee along right bank of the river above the diversion channel, and 855,016 cubic yards from clean up between Stations Nos. 278 and 308. Twenty-five thousand six hundred square feet of steel interlocking sheet piling were driven in core of the river dam. The cost of the work amounted to $202,058.52. Under date of May 8, 1930, a contract was entered into for dredg- ing in the Brazos River from a point below the turning basin to a point upstream near Freeport in the upper reach of " Big Bend." At the end of the year 2,000,774 cubic yards had been removed at a cost of $107,398.46. About 335,476 cubic yards remain to be exca- vated to complete this contract. On June 18, 1930, an emergency contract was entered into for an extension of the river dredging to the town of Freeport, based on an estimated yardage of 670,000 cubic vards at 5 cents per cubic yard; no work on this contract has yet been done. Between November 16, 1929, and January 17, 1930, the U. S. sea- going hopper dredge Galveston dredged the sea bar channel to a depth of 25 feet, except for a short, hard-sand shoal, removing a total of 416,487 cubic yards at a cost of $49,732.86. Between June 18 and 30, 1930, the U. S. pipe-line dredge Gulfport removed 73,752 cubic yards from jetty channel and outer bar at a cost of $11,032.75. Under date of October 12, 1929, a contract was entered into for the construction of a levee on the east side of the Brazos River, from Velasco to Oyster Creek. At the end of the fiscal year 29,134.5 linear feet of levee, amounting to 277,774.5 cubic yards, had been con- structed at a cost of $47,319.36. There remains about 23.906 feet, or 272.100 cubic yards, to be completed to finish this contract. The work has been seriously delayed by unfavorable weather conditions and river floods. 1096 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Maintenance: Between October 21 and November 15, 1929, the U. S. seagoing hopper dredge Galveston removed 272,501 cubic yards from the sea bar channel at a cost of $26,796.47. The cost during the year amounted to $446,123.33, of which $408,- 294.10 was for new work and $37,829.23 for maintenance. The total expenditures during the year amounted to $422,727.60, of which $319,972.38 was from contributed funds and $102,755.22 from United States funds. Conditionat end of fiscal year.-New work: The diversion channel dredging, levee construction along the diversion channel, construc- tion of the diversion channel dam, and the dredging in the river have been completed. The levee on the east side of the Brazos River from Velasco to Oyster Creek is 45 per cent completed. The dredg- ing in the jetty channel from the Gulf to Station 64 is 25 per cent completed. The old project is about 90 per cent completed. Two parallel jetties have been constructed with spur dikes and bank protection in the river just above their inner ends. The turning basin at the steamship and sulphur docks has been dredged to 22 feet at mean low tide, with the channel completed to the same depth and a width of 150 feet to the inner ends of the jetties. A jetty channel 20 feet deep at mean low tide and 150 feet wide has been dredged to deep water in the Gulf of Mexico. The jetties, spur dikes, and bank protection were completed in 1908. The dredging performed during the fiscal year had for its object the maintenance of a navigable channel satisfactory to local interests between 19 and 25 feet in depth and 150 feet wide on bottom. At the end of the fiscal year the bar channel had a ruling depth of 221/2 feet at mean low tide, with a bottom width of about 150 feet; thence through the jetty channel up to the turning basin the ruling depth was about 25 feet at mean low tide, bottom width 120 feet. The turning basin had a ruling depth of 25 feet. The entire project is 95 per cent completed. The total cost of the project to June 30, 1930, was $2,395,706.08, of which $1,107,323.35 was for new work and $1,288,382.73 for main- tenance. The total expenditures to June 30, 1930, were $2,698,517.70, of which $319,972.38 was from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-The United States funds unexpended July 1, 1930, amounting to $109,967.33, together with funds to be con- tributed by local interests as needed, amounting to $515,320.62, will be applied during the fiscal year 1931 as follows: UNITED STATES FUNDS New work: Pay outstanding liabilities as of June 30, 1930----- --------- $9, 103. 49 Maintenance: Dredging entrance channel with Government seagoing hopper dredge as required during the period from July 1, 1930, to June 30, 1931-- ----------------------------------- 75, 00. 00 Surveys as required------------------------------------ 5, 000. 00 Expenses of district and division offices, 12 months------- --- 3, 000. 00 Miscellaneous and contingencies--------------------------- 17, 863. 84 Total United States funds for maintenance and improvement 109, 967. 33 RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1097 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS New work : Pay outstanding liabilities as of June 30, 1930--------------- $80, 107. 29 Complete dredging turning basin and channel extension by con- tract, between July 1, 1930, and September 1, 1930------ 36, 770. 45 Complete construction of levees above the dam by contract, be- tween July 1, 1930, and January 1, 1931----------------- 32,492. 88 Construction of brush retards above dam as and if needed, be- tween July 1, 1930, and June 30, 1931------------------- 17, 950.00 Dredging entrance channel, removing hard sand or clay bar, with United States pipe-line dredge, between July 1, 1930, and June 30, 1931----------------------------------- 10, 000.00 Expenses of Freeport field office, 12 months----------------- 20, 500.00 Expenses of district and division offices, 12 months - ___ 7,500. 00 Engineering and contingences, and to provide for channel pro- tection, intracoastal canal protection, and rectification of works, other than normal maintenance, over a period of 10 years----------------------------------------------- 310, 000.00 Total contributed funds--------------------------------- 515, 320. 62 Total United States and contributed funds-----------------625, 287. 95 The United States funds will be expended at a fairly uniform rate and will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. With the $130,000 which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, it is proposed to do the following maintenance work: Dredging bar channel with Government seagoing hopper dredge ..... $60, 000 Repairs to northeast and southwest jettes-----------------------65, 000 Surveys------------- - - - - - 2, 500 District and division office overhead, 12 months. 2, 500 Total ,--- - .--- - - ------- - 130, 000 Both jetties are in need of minor repairs to close some small breaks that allow the ingress of sand into channel. Two small bars now exist along the channel face of the jetties, one about 600 feet long along the northeast jetty near the shore line, the other extends for about 500 feet eastward from station 39 southwest jetty. This work should not be delayed beyond the fiscal year 1932. This amount exceeds the average expended for maintenance during the last five years, as maintenance has been confined to dredging alone. Commercial statistics.-The commerce during 1929 consisted en- tirely of sulphur, crude oil, and miscellaneous cargoes. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 14 to 20 feet. Decreases in tonnage for 1927 and 1928, due to decrease in movement of sulphur and crude oil and increases in tonnage for 1926 and 1929, due to increased move- ment of these items. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925--- ------- . 610, 054 $7, 091, 044 53 1928 _-........415, 514 $7,829,716 .. - 1926---------- 621, 203 9,467, 094 57 1929.......... 585,999 10, 514, 813 1927 - ---.... 510, 567 8,786, 313 13 1098 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1930 Cost and' ftnancial suwinvary UNITED STATES FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------ $1, 254, 421. 78 *Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 .. 1-------------- 1, 288, 382. 73 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 2, 542, 804. 51 Walue of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930_....______ 389. 21 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-____----- --------- ___ 2, 543, 193. 72 -Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930_____ ------ ___ - 13. 50 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930-.------------- - 2, 543, 207. 22 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------- __----17, 563. 47 Net total expenditures----------------------------2, 525, 643. 75 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 109, 967. 33 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__---------- 2, 635, 611. 08 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work -------------------------------------------- $416,900.83 $10, 052.18 Cost of maintenance------------------ $100,470.44 $121, 516.10 $84,588.28 83,354.37 37, 829.22 Total cost. . --------------------- 100, 470.44 121,516.10 84, 588. 28 500,255.20 47, 881.40 'Total expended.---.---....---------------- 100, 470. 44 121,516.10 101,274.63 428,143.31 102, 755. 22 Allotted...............................---------------------------....- 75, 000. 00 95,000.00600,500.00 5000.00.00 25, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_------------___--- $187, 722. 55 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-------- ----- ---- ---------------- 75, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-------------------------- 262, 722. 55 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment_ -___ __, 50, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for----------------------- 212, 722. 55 Gross amount expended----------------------- $102, 779.22 Less receipts from sales------------------------- 24. 00 102, 755. 22 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-_... ---------- __ 109, 967. 33 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930__-----------------_ 9, 103. 49 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------- - -1_____ 00, 863. 84 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------------- 13. 50 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 --------_____- 100, 877. 34 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion - - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - - of existing project - - 43, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - -- - -- - - -- - - - - _ - - - - 30, 1932, for maintenance 1____ ___ __ 130, 000. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $398, 241. 92 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- - 398, 241. 92 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------------ 587. 16 Net total cost to June 30, 1930---------- -__ ___- 398, 829.08 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1099 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930---------------- $22. 50 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930_------------__----- 398, 851. 58 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930----------------------- 78, 879. 20 Net total expenditures ------------- --------------- 319, 972. 38 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------------------- 180, 027. 62 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-__-- ____ 500, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 80 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....-------------.----------.--..--.-------------------------- $398, 241. 92 Cost of maintenance-- Total expended..........------------- ------------------------------------- 319, 972. 38 Allotted------------------------------------------------------......... ---$25, 000. 00 475, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929___----------____-______ _ $25, 000. 00 Amount contributed---------- ------------- ------ 475,000.00 Amount to be accounted for.-- __-----____ - _____ -- - 500,000.00 Gross amount expended----- --------- ______ _ 319,972.38 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------180, 027. 62 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----____________ $80, 107. 29 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts -------- --- 69, 263.33 149, 370. 62 Balance available June 30, 1930 --------------------- -30, 657.00 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ------------_________-- ---- 22. 50 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 _______--___ 30, 679. 50 CONSOLIDATED COST AND FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR FREEPORT HARBOR, TEX. Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------ $1, 652, 663. 70 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------___-__-__ 1, 288, 382. 73 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930__- ____ 2, 941, 046.43 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---- ____ 976.37 Net total cost to June 30, 1930--------------------- 2, 942, 022. 80 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930_______ __ --------------------- 36.00 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930--------___ ___-- ___ 2, 942, 058. 80 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_--_____-------_----__ 96, 442. 67 Net total expenditures -----__-------------___ ____ 2, 845, 616. 13 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 -------------------- _ 289, 994. 95 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------- 3, 135, 611.08 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work__.----______ -____ _____ ___ _ ___ _ ____ ..... $416, 900. 83 $408, 294. 10 Cost of maintenance-....--.-.-.-.------$100,470. 44 $121,516. 10 $84, 588.28 82, 354. 37 37, 829. 22 Total cost.......--------------------- 100, 470. 44 121, 516. 10 84, 588. 28 500, 255. 20 446. 123. 32 Total expended_____--.......____. 100,470.44 121, 516. 10 101,274.63 428, 143.31 422, 727. 60 Allotted..---.-------,-- . -75, 000. 00 95,000. 00 600, 500. 00 75, 000. 00 500, 000. 00 1-100 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------ -------- ___ $212, 722. 55 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930_.------ _------ $75, 000. 00 Amount contributed---------------------- ---- 475, 000.00 .550, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for__ __ - -____-_____-- - 762, 722. 55 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-.- ____- -_____50, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for-__-__-_____-- ----- __ 712, 722. 55 Gross amount expended_______-- ----------------- 422, 751. 60 Less receipts from sales----------------------------- 24. 00 422, 727. 60 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930.... 289. 994. 95 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_- ----- __- - 89, 210.78 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts--__- 69, 263. 33 158, 474. 11 Balance available June 30, 1930-----------------------131, 520. 84 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930- ------------------- -_--- 36.00 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930------------- 131, 556. 84 Amount (estimated)- - required to be appropriated for completion of - - -- - - existing project 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 43, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 1932, for maintenance 130, 000. 00 22. BRAZOS RIVER, TEX., FROM VELASCO TO OLD WASHINGTON The project was practically completed in 1916. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year. No balance is available and no work is now proposed, for the reason that the present channel depths appear sufficient for the present traffic and that of the near future. For a full description, see Annual Report for 1924, page 983. Commercial statistics.--So far as can be determined, there was no commerce on the river during 1929. During the calendar years of 1919 and 1920 the only commerce was between the oil fields at Colum- bia and the mouth of the river. This began about March 11, 1919, and consisted of fuel-oil cargoes. The usual limit of draft for loaded oil barges and their towboats in the used section of the river was from 4 to 71/2 feet. No commerce reported during the past five years. Cost and financial sumnary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------$216, 989. 48 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ --------- 223, 010. 52 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------- _ 440, 000. 00 Net total expenditures ------------------------------------ 440, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- 440, 000. 00 23. CHANNEL FROMi ARANSAS PASS TO CORPUS CHRISTI, TEX. Location and de.cription.-This channel extends from Aransas Pass through the depression known as Turtle Cove and through Corpus Christi Bay to Corpus Christi Harbor, on the west side of the bay, a distance of 203/4 miles west of Port Aransas. The entire 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS---GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1101 length of channel is tidal. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1285 and 1286.) Original condition.-There was originally no channel through Turtle Cove, most of the bottom being exposed at mean low tide. The distance from Aransas Pass to the 8-foot depth in Corpus Christi Bay was about 6 miles; thence to the city of Corpus Christi the depth varied from 8 to 14 feet at mean low tide. Previous projects.-This locality was first improved under the title of " Turtle Cove Channel between Aransas Pass and Corpus Christi, Tex.," under project adopted by river and harbor act ap- proved March 2, 1907. The project was enlarged and title changed by the river and harbor act approved June 25, 1910. The cost and expenditures prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1922 were $342,907, of which $280,455.14 was for new work and $62,451.86 for maintenance. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep at mean low tide and 200 feet wide on bottom, provided with widened passing places, from deep water at Port Aransas through Turtle Cove and Corpus Christi Bay to the east side of the Corpus Christi breakwater. (See paragraph Local cooperation for remainder of project, which has been practically completed by local interests.) Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 1 foot and the extreme range about 11/2 feet. The heights of tides are dependent largely on the winds, and during strong "northers" in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects, is $2,232,800. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $249,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, which provided for a channel 25 feet deep (H. Doc. No. 321, 67th Cong., 2d sess.) and the river and harbor act ap- proved July 3, 1930, provided for the present dimensions of the project (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 9, 71st Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-In 1874 a channel was dredged by Messrs. Morris and Cummings, under an agreement with the State of Texas, extending from Aransas Bay to Corpus Christi Bay and passing through the shallow flats behind Harbor Island. This cut was about 8 feet deep at mean low tide, 100 feet wide, and about 6 miles long. Its use has been much less since the new cut was made by the United States through Turtle Cove. The river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. 321, 67th Cong., 2d sess.), imposed the following conditions of local cooperation: Excavate a turning basin 1,200 feet wide by 3,000 feet long and 25 feet deep in Nueces Bay, north of the city of Corpus Christi, with a channel 200 feet wide and 25 feet deep connecting this basin with the Government channel; construct wharves providing at first for berthing space for seven vessels, with ample provision for future expansion; provide the necessary mechanical equipment, fire protection, storage tracks, and motor-truck highways; extend the partly constructed city break- water in front of the exposed face of the harbor; construct a lift bridge carrying the highway and the San Antonio & Aransas Pass Railroad track across the entrance channel; construct a levee be- 1102 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 tween the harbor and Nueces Bay; convey to the United States or the city of Corpus Christi without cost lands needed for a publicly owned and operated harbor for terminal docks and warehouses and for highway and railroad purposes; place in trust the lands adjacent to the harbor for sale at reasonable price to individuals or corpora- tiQns desiring location thereon; establish ample grain-elevator fa- cilities; install adequate facilities for handling cotton; proceed with plans to bring natural gas in the city; and establish a cotton mill there. Local interests have complied with these requirements with the exceptions of construction of grain elevator facilities and the establishment of a cotton mill. These items are, however, under investigation and early construction is expected. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (R. and H. Con. Doc. 9, 71st Cong., 1st sess.), provided that local interests shall give assur- ances satisfactory to the Chief of Engineers and the Secretary of War that they will dredge and maintain, at their own expense, all channels and basins west of the breakwater to a depth of at least 30 feet, including a maneuvering basin, inside the breakwater, or in lieu thereof equivalent facilities approved by the Chief of Engineers. These conditions have not yet been complied with. Terminal facilities.-Corpus Christi Harbor terminal facilities consist of a raised area adjacent to the harbor basin of about 100 acres, one modern fireproof warehouse, divided into six units, each 306 by 160 feet. Adjacent to and west of these units there is an open wharf of creosoted timber construction 400 feet long and 39 feet wide, which carries two railway tracks; two transfer sheds, one 378 feet long and 143 feet wide and one 550 feet long and 160' feet wide, immediately to the rear of this wharf, care for freight storage. The total present length of wharf face is about 2,650 feet. On the north side of the Corpus Christi Harbor Basin, a large concrete-steel wharf and loading dock is under construction, for handling dead weight cargoes such as ores, sulphur, etc. It is expected that this structure will be ready for general service during the early part of the coming fiscal year. There are no slips. In addition to the above there is a modern public warehouse, capacity 1,390,000 cubic feet, and two large compresses and storage plants with a storage space of 808,000 square feet. All necessary rail connections, loading and storage tracks, etc., are supplied. In addition to the harbor facilities above described, wharf facilities are located at Aransas Pass, at Harbor Island, at Ingleside, and at Corpus Christi. Those at Aransas Pass are described under the report on Port Aransas. 'The Harbor Island terminal belongs to the Humble Oil & Refining Co. of Texas, and consists of two loading docks of creosoted-timber construction, a turning basin 1,500 feet by 100 feet, together with pipe-line ter- minals, storage facilities, pumping plant, offices, and quarters. The docks are each 250 feet in length. The turning basin has been dredged to 32 feet in depth. This terminal is not open to the public. At Ingleside the Ingleside Channel & Dock Co. has constructed an oil-loading wharf about 600 feet long at the head of a lateral channel connecting with the main channel. This wharf is under lease by the Humble Oil & Refining Co. and is not open to the public. At Corpus Christi there is one municipal wharf about 1,00p feet long and 200 feet wide, built by the city of Corpus Christi. It is an earth fill between concrete bulkheads, with a wooden apron on piles at its RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1103 outer end. It is open to the public, only sufficient charge being made to cover its maintenance. There is also a wooden pier 16 feet wide, 1,150 feet long, with a pierhead 40 feet by 40 feet, which is owned by the city of Corpus Christi and is open to the public on equal terms; in addition there are several small wharves or piers, privately owned by fish companies, and not open to the public. The Texas Mexican Railway owns a railway trestle extending into Corpus Christi Bay; it is not now in use. The present facilities are adequate to care for the existing commerce. (For further information see Port Series No. 6, part 3, revised 1928, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-Has created a deep-water port at Corpus Christi, with a ruling depth of 25 feet at mean low tide, providing an additional outlet for southwest Texas of steadily increasing use. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. pipe-line dredge Gulfport did maintenance dredging in the channel from Aransas Pass to Corpus Christi, Tex., between July 1, and October 12, 1929, and between March 15, and May 13, 1930, excavating 169,- 959 cubic yards from section No. 1, 540,249 cubic yards from section No. 2, 1,769,316 cubic yards from section No. 3, and 1,443,241 cubic yards from section No. 4, all credited yardage. In addition 237,542 cubic yards from section No. 3, and 266,803 cubic yards from section No. 4 were removed and charged to excess overdepth. The total credited yardage amounted to 3,922,765; gross total 4,427,110 cubic yards. The total cost for this maintenance dredging for the fiscal year amounted to $137,864.91. In addition to the above described maintenance dredging, the pipe-line dredge Gulfport, under rental to the Nueces County navi- gation district No. 1, removed 82,953 cubic yards from the Corpus Christi Harbor basin, October 1 to 12, 1929, and under rental to the Humble Oil and Refining Co., excavated 432,572 cubic yards from that company's turning basin during broken time between October 25, 1929, and March 13, 1930. The total cost of maintenance work for the fiscal year, including surveys and miscellaneous work, was $137,864.91. The total expendi- tures for the fiscal year, including the completion of new office and improvement of the United States reservation at Corpus Christi, Tex., were $187,105.24. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The Government part of the proj- ect authorized by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, was completed in 1926. No work has yet been done on the modifi- cation of the project adopted by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930. The ruling depths on June 30, 1930, were: Section No. 1, 27.0 feet; section No. 2, 25.0 feet; section No. 3, 24.0 feet; and section No. 4, 24.0 feet; all 200 feet wide on bottom. The total cost of the work authorized prior to the close of the fiscal year 1930 was $2,502,330.59, of which $1,717,800.29 was for new work and $784,530.30 was for maintenance. The total expenditure to the end of the fiscal year was $2,991,178.29. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended July 1, 1930, amounting to $235,191.64, will be applied during the fiscal year 1931 as follows: 11714--ENG 1930---70 1104 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 Maintenance: Dredging channel by Government pipe-line dredge or by con- tract, seven months__--------------------- - __-- _ $98, 000. 00 Repairs and additions to United States floating plant 000. 00 6---------0, Maintenance, Corpus Christi reservation, etc ---------------- 20, 000. 00 Field office, 12 months- ------------------------------ 18, 199. 25 District and divisions offices, overhead, 12 months 8, 000.00 1----------- Outstanding liabilities, July 1, 1930 ------------ 20, 992.39 Total --------------------------------------------- 235, 191.64 It is expected the available funds will be expended at a fairly uniform rate and will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The sum of $375,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 as follows: Improvement : Dredging channel to 30 feet at mean low tide by contract or with United States plant, as may prove to the best interests of the United States__-- -_--- ------------------------------ $200, 000 Maintenance: Maintaining channel with Government pipe-line dredge or by contract, about five months _______--_------_______-__- 70, 000 Repairs and additions to United States floating plant------------ 58, 000 Field office, 12 months------------------------------------- 19, 000 Overhead, 12 months--------------------18, 000 Corpus Christi reservation maintenance__________________o 10, 000 Total for maintenance_--______-- _____________________ 175, 000 Total for improvement and maintenance___1 _____ 375, 000 Commercial statistics.--The principal items of commerce for 1929 were cotton and cottonseed products, crude oil, sulphur, lead, and general merchandise. The marked increase in tonnage and value for 1926 was due to completion of the channel for use of ocean-going vessels, and the very large increases for 1927, 1928, and 1929 were due to the full inauguration of ocean traffic and the shipment of a large amount of crude oil from the Ingleside terminal on this channel and from Harbor Island, Port Aransas. The full project depth is needed for the full development of the ocean-going commerce. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats under present conditions, 18 to 30 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925-----------6, 750 $611, 334 4,080 1928---------3, 554, 873 $72,404,448 11 1926 ---------- 54, 941 1,937, 424 ------------ 1929__--------- 4, 768, 663 91, 196, 516 32 1927 ---------- 991,654 34,144, 227 Cost and finanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------- $1,998, 255. 43 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------846, 982. 16 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 2, 845, 237. 59 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930----------- 504, 250. 13 Net total cost to June 30, 1930------ 3, 349, 487. 72 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930--- -------- 11, 739. 18 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930------___ - 3, 361, 226. 90 RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON TEX., DISTRICT 1105 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930----------------------- $27, 141. 61 Net total expenditures_ ----- ------------------------ 3, 334, 085. 29 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------------------- 235, 191. 64 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 3, 569, 276. 93 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ....-......... $1, 504, 908. 66 $19, 578. 71 _ Costoof maintenance----_....----- 360, 250.86 ...-------------- $178, 675. 81 $162, 492. 13 $137, 864. 91 Total cost.-------------- 1, 504, 908. 66 379, 829. 57 178, 675. 81 162, 492. 13 137, 864. 91 Total expended --------------- 1, 504, 908. 66 379, 829. 57 515, 810. 23 215, 308. 28 187, 105. 24 Allotted . __-------------------- 1, 310, 000. 00 170, 000. 00 587, 291.10 200,000. 00 105,000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 _....-. ___ _ __ $317, 296. 88 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-------------------------------------- ------- 160, 000.'00 Amount to be accounted for 477, 296. 88 __------------ Deductions on account of revocation of allotment_. -____-- - 55, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for --------------------- 422, 296. 88 Gross amount expended---- --------------------------- 187, 105.24 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------235, 191. 64 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930___------------------------- 20, 992. 39 Balance available June 30, 1930_----------------------- 214, 199. 25 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 --------------------------- 11, 739. 18 Unobligated balance available. June 30, 1930----------_ 225, 938.43 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - existing project 515, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: 1 - - - -- - For new work ___ ___ ____ ___________________ 200, 000. 00 For maintenance 1-- __ - - 175, 000. 00 -_____- - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - Total 375, 000. 00 24. CHANNEL FROM PASS CAVALLO TO PORT LAVACA, TEX. Location and description.-The bar at Pass Cavallo is 125 miles southwest of Galveston entrance and 54 miles north of Aransas Pass. Port Lavaca lies 26 miles to the northward of the pass, across Matagorda and Lavaca Bays. The entire section is tidal. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1117.) Original condition.-The depth of water in the bays was 7 feet at mean low tide, but over two reefs which the channel passes the depth was reduced to 5 feet. The section requiring dredging was 4,220 feet in length, crossing Sand Point and Gallinipper Reefs. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low tide and 80 feet wide from deep water in lower Matagorda Bay to Port Lavaca, a distance of about 8 miles. Under ordinary 1Exclusive of available funds. 1106 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 conditions the mean tidal range is about 1 foot and the extreme range about 2 feet. The height of tide is dependent largely on the wind, and during strong " northers " in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. The original estimate of cost for new work was $10,000, with $2,500 annually for mainte- nance. These estimates were made in 1908. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1082, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities located at Port La- vaca consist of two wooden piers, 30 feet wide and 500 feet long, with a slip between about 200 feet wide. These facilities are privately owned and are open to all on equal terms. They are sufficient for the demands of the port commerce. Effect of improvement.-This channel connects Port Lavaca with the inland waterway and provides for water competition from common points on this waterway. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The leased 12-inch dredge Diesel No. I completed the maintenance dredging of the channel August 13, 1929, removing 9,246 cubic yards of material at a cost of $2,145.94. This work was done between August 5 and 13, 1929, the dredge being out of service from June 28, 1929, on account of damages due to the hurricane of June 27-28, 1929. The total expenditure for the year was $4,419.05. Condition at end of fical year.--The project was completed in 1910. On June 30, 1930, the ruling, depth was 7 feet in the Galli- nipper Reef Channel, and 7 feet in Sand Point Reef Channel, over a bottom width of 75 feet. Elsewhere the channel had a ruling depth of 7 feet. The total cost of the existing project to June 30, 1930, was $19,- 419.05, of which $9,699.48 was for new work and $9,719.57 for maintenance. The total expenditures on the existing project to June 30, 1930, amounted to $19,419.05. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended on July 1, 1930, amounting to $10,080.95 will be expended during the fiscal year 1931 on maintenance operations as follows: Channel dredging by leased plant, by contract, or by Government plant, 14 months at $6,000-------------------------------- $9, 000. 00 Surveys -------------------- 500.00 District and division offices, overhead_ - -__---_____________- 500. 00 Miscellaneous and contingencies_..------------------------------ 80. 95 Total__ ----------------------------- 10, 080.95 It is expected that the available funds will be exhausted about June 30, 1931. No funds are required for the fiscal year 1932, since the operations proposed during 1931 will adequately provide for the needs of exist- ing commerce during the fiscal year 1932. Conmmercial statistics.-Fish, shrimp, and oysters were the prin- cipal items of commerce for 1929. It is believed very incomplete statistics were obtained for 1925, 1926, and 1927, although repeated RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1107 efforts were made by letters addressed to local interests. Increase in tonnage for 1928 and 1929 caused by increased movement of oysters and shrimp. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 2 to 51/2 feet. The full project depth is especially needed for movement of the sand and mud shell in barges. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925---------------------................. -- .. 865 $30, 500 1928--------------------- 1, 800 $75, 438 1926....................... --------------------- 1, 340 139, 848 1929 .------------------- 4, 477 374, 000 1927_- - ...---. ---......... 369 64,398 Cost and finanoiai summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------- $9, 699. 48 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 -------------- ------ 9, 719.57 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930____ 1____ 19, 419. 05 Net total expenditures ------------------------------------ 19, 419.05 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ --------------------------- 10,080.95 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 29, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30- 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work- ............---------------------------- Costof aintnane----------------------- ----. . Cost of maintenance_ _ ._ _.... . ---------- ---------- -.. __.__ -__. _ + -$2,----273.3.- 11 $,45994 $2, 145. Total expended - 4,419.05 ---------------.----------------------------------------------- Allotted ------------------------------------------------------- 10,000.00 4, 500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929___ ----- ___----------$10, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------ 9, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for --------------------------- 19, 500. 00 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment---------------5, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for_------------- -- 14, 500. 00 Gross amount expended-___. -__________-_ ______ 4, 419. 05 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-- ------------ 10, 080. 95 25. GUADALUPE RIVER TO VICTORIA, TEX. The project was completed in 1912. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, and no work is now proposed, for the reason that there has been no navigation on the river for the past few years and there is no likelihood that any would develop if further expenditures were made on maintenance of the channel. The abandonment of this improvement is recommended in report printed as House Document No. 1090, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1922, page 1101. Com~nercial statistis.-No statistics for any year since 1922 could be obtained for any part of this waterway. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 1/ to 3 feet. 1108 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cast and financita suwmrmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $172, 547.28 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------- ---------------- 106, 100. 36 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 278, 647. 64 Net total expenditures_______--------------- - - - 278, 647. 64 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- 278, 647. 64 26. PORT ARANSAS, TEX. Location and description.-The locality improved under the title of Port Aransas is on the southern portion of the coast of Texas, 180 miles southwest of Galveston and 132 miles north of the mouth of the Rio Grande. The entire area under improvement is tidal. The harbor extends through Aransas Pass, which is the natural outlet of Aransas Bay into the Gulf of Mexico. It includes the channel be- tween the jetties which extend out from Mustang Island and St. Joseph Island and the Harbor Island Basin in the lower end of Aransas Bay at the head of the jetty channel. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Map No. 1285.) Original condition.--Depths over the bar at the pass varied from 7 to 9 feet at mean low tide, with a shifting channel from 100 to 500 feet wide. The basin varied in depth from 5 to 22 feet at mean low tide, with a navigable width of 300 to 1,000 feet between 12-foot contours for a distance of about 3 miles northward and along the Harbor Island shore. The several adjacent bays were navigable for boats of 5-foot draft over most of their area, and to the towns of Corpus Christi, Aransas Pass, and Rockport, distant 221/2, 81/4, and 14 miles, respectively, from the jetty entrance. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879. The improvement was taken over by the Aransas Pass Harbor Co. on June 30, 1890, under authority of the act of May 12, 1890. This company relinquished its rights to the United States on March 27, 1899. The cost and expenditures by the United States on the original and modified projects prior to the commencement of operations under the existing project in 1901 were $1,092,079.29, all for new work. In addition thereto there was ex- pended by the citizens of Rockport and Corpus Christi the sum of $9,938.93, and by the Aransas Pass Harbor Co. the sum of $401,- 554.18, making a total of expenditures by the United States and local interests of $1,503,572.40. For further details of previous projects see page 1861 of Annual Report for 1915. Eistitug project.-This provides for two rubblestone jetties ex- tending into the Gulf from St. Joseph and Mustang Islands, the project lengths of which are 11,190 and 8,650 feet, respectively, and for a channel between them 30 feet deep at mean low tide in the inner part, 33 feet deep at mean low tide in the outer part, and 600 feet wide on the bottom, from the Gulf to Harbor Island Basin. The project further provides for a stone dike on St. Joseph Island about 19,100 feet long connecting with the north jetty and extending up this island to prevent a channel being cut around the north jetty; for an inner basin at Harbor Island, 30 feet deep at mean low tide, 650 feet wide, and about 3,000 feet long; and for the dredging of an approach channel 12 feet deep at mean low tide and 100 feet wide with basin at end leading from Harbor Island Basin to the town of Port Aransas. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1109 Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 1.1 feet and the extreme range about 2 feet. The height of tides is de-" pendent to some extent on the winds, and during strong " northers in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1930, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects,. is $6,965,000, of which $105,000 has been contributed by local interests. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $200,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3,'1899, provided for taking over the old or curved portion of the north jetty, which had been constructed by private parties; the acts of June 13, 1902, and March 3, 1905, provided for the completion of this old or curved portion according to the plans of its builders; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the extension shoreward of the old curved portion of the north jetty to connect with St. Joseph Island and for the construction of the south jetty (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 5, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of February 27, 1911, provided for the dredging of the roadstead in the Harbor Island Basin to a depth of 20 feet and for 10,000 linear feet of the stone dike on St. Joseph Island (H. Doc. No. 1094, 61st Cong., 3d sess.) the act of March 4, 1913, provided for the deepening of the channel between the jetties and the Harbor Island Basin to 25 feet, for the extension of the jetties, the extension of the stone dike on St. Joseph Island 9,100 feet, and for the approach channel 12 feet deep to the town of Port Aransas (H. Doc. No. 1125, 62d Cong., 3d sess.), and the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. provided for deepening the entrance channel from the Gulf of Mexico to Harbor Island and the provision of an inner basin at Harbor Island of reduced area but greater depth (H. Doc. 214, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-At a cost of about $10,000 the citizens of Corpus Christi and Rockport built a short section of cribwork from St. Joseph Island in 1868, which was soon destroyed. The Aransas Pass Harbor Co. expended the sum of $401,554.18 on the curved por- tion of the north jetty and other improvements for the harbor be- tween 1890 and 1899. The conditions imposed by the river and harbor act of February 27, 1911, providing that all easements and titles for any land needed in the construction of the dike be fur- nished the United States free of charge, and that the interests of the general public be duly protected and no monopoly of the terminals be allowed, have been complied with and were approved by the Secretary of War on April 24, 1911. The provisions of the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, requiring the town of Port Aransas to construct a suitable bulkhead to retain the spoil excavated from the approach channel, and requiring that a public landing place at that point be maintained, which shall be open to all upon equal terms, have also been complied with and were approved by the Secretary of War on June 2, 1914. The Arahsas Pass Channel & Dock Co. has dredged a channel from the docks on Harbor Island to the town of Aransas Pass, a distance of 6 miles. This channel was 81/2 feet deep and 75 feet wide and was dredged at a cost of about $100,000. 1110 . REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 214, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) provided that local interests shall bear the entire cost of dredging the jetty channel not to exceed $105,000. This con- dition was complied with prior to the passage of the act, by a con- tribution of $105,000, accepted in 1928. Terminal facilities.-The principal terminal facilities are located on Harbor Island at the head of Aransas Pass and consist of a single wooden steamship wharf about 1,000 feet long with a wooden shed, terminal tracks and switches, and a terminal railroad leading thence to the town of Aransas Pass on the mainland about 61/2 miles dis- tant, where it connects with the San Antonio & Aransas Pass Rail- way (Southern Pacific Railway system). These terminal facilities are privately owned but open to all on equal terms. At the inner end of the 12-foot channel leading to the town of Port Aransas the public wharf, built by the town, is open to general public use. These terminal facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Additional terminal facilities are located at Corpus Christi, Ingleside, and on Harbor Island, and are de- scribed in report on Channel from Aransas Pass to Corpus Christi, TeX. Effect of improvemwet.--The use of this port has been confined principally to import and export of crude oil. It is also the entrance from the Gulf to the channel to Corpus Christi. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under previous project the U. S. seagoing hopper dredge Navesink did maintenance dredg- ing in the jetty and bar channel between July 1 and 12, 1929, and between January 2 and 14, 1930, excavating a total of 107,158 cubic yards. Between July 13 and August 31, 1929, and January 15 and March 31, 1930, the U. S. seagoing hopper dredge Galveston was in operation, excavating a total of 1,651,247 cubic yards. The U. S. pipe-line dredge Gulfport did maintenance work in the inner end of the jetty channel between December 5 and 30, 1929, removing 84,100 cubic yards. The total yardage removed in this section was 1,842,505, at a cost of $132,501.07. During the periods between November 16 and 30, December 2 and 5, 1929, and March 1 and 31, 1930, the U. S. pipe-line dredge Gulf- port and D. B. No. 8 redredged the inner end of the jetty channel around Clines Point, removing 286,390 cubic yards of material at a cost of $33,689.26. In addition to the above the Gulfport redredged the inner basin in front of the terminal dock, excavating a total of 265,741 cubic yards at a cost of $22,338.05. The total yardage removed during the fiscal year was 2,394,636 cubic yards, the total cost of which, including funds contributed by the Humble Oil & Refining Co., was $188,528.38, all charged to maintenance. No new work was done. The total cost of all maintenance on this project for the year was $188,528.38, of which $154,588.94 was from United States funds and $33,939.44 from contributed funds. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $207,444.35, of which $173,504.91 was from United States funds and $33,939.44 from con- tributed funds. No work was done under the project approved by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1111 Condition at the end of fiscal year.-About 60 per cent of the existing project has been completed. Two jetties have been built, the north jetty 9,240 feet long, extending from south end of St. Joseph Island, and the south jetty 7,385 feet long, extending from north end of Mustang Island, with four riprap spurs constructed from the inner face of the north jetty to the edge of the present channel. A stone dike connecting with the north jetty has been built on St. Joseph Island, its total length being 20,991 feet, this part of the project being completed in 1916. The channel between the jetties has beer improved to a depth of 30 feet at mean low tide and 400 feet wide from the Gulf to Harbor Island Basin or roadstead. This road- stead has been dredged to a depth of 20 feet at mean low tide, with an extension 20 feet deep at mean low tide from the north end along Harbor Island 150 to 400 feet wide for a distance of 2,000 feet. An area 650 feet wide and 1,650 feet long near the lower end of the harbor basin and adjacent to the docks has been deepened to 25 feet at mean low tide. The approach channel from the harbor basin to town of Port Aransas was completed in 1914. The Harbor Island Basin is yet to be completed, the jetties fully extended, and the jetty channel widened to 600 feet. On June 30, 1930, the ruling depth in the channel between the jetties was 28 feet at mean low tide, with a least navigable width of about 200 feet. The Harbor Island Basin had a ruling depth of about 25 feet over the portion immediately in front of the wharves, with from 91/2 to 12 feet in that portion north of the wharves between St. Joseph Island and Harbor Island. The channel to the town of Port Aransas had a ruling depth of 9 feet at mean low tide. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year 1930 has been as follows: New work Maintenance Total United States funds.------- $2, 269, 515. 46 $2, 211, 365. 15 $4, 480, 880. 61 Contributed funds........................ ....... ................ 135, 651. 34 135, 651. 34 Total--....--------------------------.- 2, 269, 515. 46 2, 347, 016. 49 4, 616, 531. 95 The total expenditures on the existing project from United States funds to the end of the fiscal year 1930 have been $4,481,408.88. In addition, $135,651.34 was expended from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended on July 1, 1930, amounting to $216,261.83 will be applied during the fiscal year 1931 as follows: Maintenance : Dredging, including any needed widening, at Gulf end by Gov- ernment seagoing hopper dredge, about 4 months--------- $100, 000.00 Maintain inner harbor with Government pipe-line dredge, 2 months -------------------------------------------- 36, 000. 00 Maintenance of Clines Point-------------------------------- 31, 125. 05 Repairs to St. Joseph Island Dike and Dam----------------- 5, 000. 00 Field office, 12 months ---------------------------------- 19, 000. 00 District and division offices, overhead, 12 months--------- 18, 000:. 00 Repairs to Engineer Wharf, Port Aransas-------------------5, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities, July 1, 1930 ---------------- - 2, 136. 78 Total ---------------------------------- 216, 261. 83 1112 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 It is expected that the funds will be expended at a fairly uniform rate and will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. With the $190,000, which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, it is proposed to do the following work: Maintenance: Channel dredging with Government seagoing hopper dredge, 4 months ---------------------------------- $100, 000 Inner Harbor dredging with pipe-line dredge, 11/2 months-------- 28, 000 SRpairs to St. Joseph=Island Dike, sand dam, and Clines Point___ 25 000 Field office, 12 months _---_---- ------------------------- 19, 000 Overhead, 12 months________--------------------- _-_- 18, 000 Total ------------------------------------------------------ 190,000 The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project during 1932. The lengths of the jetties as now constructed are such as to assist economically in channel maintenance. Commercial statistics.-Gas and fuel oil were the principal items of coastwise trade for 1929. There were no imports or exports for 1929. The great increases for 1927. 1928, and 1929 were due to large coastwise movements of crude and fuel oil and general cargoes of coastwise and local traffic. Decrease for 1926 caused by no im- portation of Mexican crude oil. All the foreign and coastwise traffic of Corpus Christi and Ingleside, also, passed through the Port Aransas Channel, but is not included in the totals shown below. Usual limits of draft for loaded seagoing vessels, 15 to 30 feet, and for loaded boats in local traffic to Aransas Pass, 2 to 41/2 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925---------- 135,097 $1,742,970 ---------- 19281-.-..-. 1,321,521 $18,577,120_______ 1926---- --- 1927---- 1,312 10, 891 111,435 635, 325 2, 750 1929 2.....__ 4,291, 711 37,996, 113 ----------- 1 Includes 1,227,849 tons of petroleum, valued at $12,785,737, shipped from Harbor 2 Includes 4,129,202 tons of petroleum, valued at $36,404,446, shipped from Harbor Island, Port Aransas. Cost and financial swmaary UNITED STATES FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------- ---------------- $3, 361, 594. 75 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------__------- 2, 211, 365. 15 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 __ ___---5, 572, 959. 90 Value of plant, material, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ___________ 1,944. 09 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-------------------------5, 574, 903. 99 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_-----------------------_ 1,415, 82 Net total expenditures_---------------------------------5, 573, 488. 17 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ---------------------------- 216, 261. 83 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------5, 789, 750.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work -_- - - ---- --- Cost of maintenance----------------- $42,651.22 $185, 978.34 $27,302.79 $108,836.44 $154, 588. 94 22 185, 978:34 '221,177.58 Total expended ........--------------------................ -42, 651. 90;784 4 504. 91 ,173, Allotted__ .- ... .....----------. .. . 270, 000. 00 150, 000. 00 166, 000. 00 . 200, 000.00 .----- RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1113 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $189, 766. 74 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930_--- _------------------------------- 200, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for _____-------------- ------ 389, 766. 74 Gross amount expended__________--------- $173, 527. 85 Less receipts from sales____-___-------------- 22. 94 173, 504. 91 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 --------------------- 216,261.83 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930___-- ---- -------------- 2, 136. 78 Balance available June 30, 1930--------------- ------- 214, 125. 05 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1___________________ 4, 590, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance ------------------------------- 190, 000. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1930______________________________ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_-- ----- __----__-- $135, 651. 34 Net total expenditures____________________________ 135, 651. 34 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 4, 348. 66 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__________--- 140, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work... Cost of maintenance .....------------------- _----.--------------$3, 069. 32 $98, 642. 58 $33, 939. 44 Total expended.---------.----_____________----- - -- 3,069.32198,642.58 33, 939. 44 . Allotted -----------------------------------.------------- 105, 000.-00 35, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------- $3,288.10 Amount contributed --------------------------------------- 35, 00.00 Amount to be accounted for__________________________ 38, 288.10 Gross amount expended -- __--------------.----- .33,:939. 44 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 4, 348. 66 COONSOLIDATED COST AND FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR PORT ARANSAS, TEX. Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__________----------_ $3, 361, 594. 75 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 -------------- - 2, 347, 016. 49 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930________ 5, 708, 611.24 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930----------- 1, 944. 09 Net total cost to June 30, 1930--------------------- 5, 710, 555. 33 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_------- - 1, 415. 82 Net total expenditures _ ....-----.... ._ 5, 709,139. 51 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------- ___ -- ___ 220, 610. 49 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__----- 5, 929, 750. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1114 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.------- ------------ ------------ ------------------ ---- -- Cost of maintenance---------------------- $42, 651.22 $185, 978. 34 $240, 372. 11 $207, 479. 02 $188, 528.38 Total cost- ------ _________-______ 42, 651. 22 185, 978. 34 240, 372. 11 207, 479. 02 207, 444.35 Total expended_________________ ____________ ...... 224, 246. 90 189, 427. 22 207, 444. 35 --.- Allotted . --------------------------. .. 270, 000. 00 150, 000. 00 271, 000. 00 ------------......... 235,000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 -___-- ______ -- ------------- $193, 054. 84 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------------- $200,000.00 Amount contributed--- ----------------------------- 35, 000. 00 235, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for .__ -______-_----428, 054. 84 Gross amount expended - ------ __-- __ 207, 467. 29 --- Less receipts from sales_.___-. ____-____- - 22. 94 207, 444. 35 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 --- -------------------- 220, 610. 49 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---------------------------- 2, 136.78 Balance available June 30, 190-------------------------- 218, 473. 71 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - existing project __ _ 4,590, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended- - in fiscal year ending June -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- 30, 1932 for maintenance______________________ ________ 190, 000.00 27. BRAZOS ISLAND HARBOR, TEX. Location and description.-BrazosIsland Harbor is at the extreme south, end of the coast of Texas, about 7 miles north of the mouth of the Rio Grande, and about 125 miles south of Port Aransas. The harbor is at the inner end of Brazos. Santiago Pass, which lies between Brazos and Padre Islands, and is the natural outlet from the Laguna Madre to the Gulf of Mexico. The entire area is tidal. The area having a depth of 18 feet or over is about 14 acres and the area having a depth of 12 feet or over about 60 acres, both areas be- ing irregular in outline. Opposite the pass and across the Laguna Madre, about 21/2 miles distant, is the small town of Point Isabel on the mainland, the terminus of the railroad from Brownsville, Tex. Point Isabel has in the past been the port of entry for the lower Rio Grande Valley. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1288.) Original condition.-Depths over the bar at Brazos Santiago Pass varied from 6 to 11 feet at mean low tide with a narrow shift- ing channel. Inside the bar there has always existed a small deep- water anchorage having a maximum depth in the throat or gorge of the pass of from 40 to 27 feet, and dividing at its inner end into two or more branches or " fingers " extending back into Laguna Madre and along the shores of Padre and Brazos Islands for a short distance. Laguna Madre inside the pass has a depth of about 5 feet at mean low tide to Point Isabel. 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1115 Previous projects.-Appropriationsfor this harbor began in 1878. The original project for improvement adopted in 1881 contemplated the construction of two jetties extending out into the Gulf of Mexico about 1,500 feet apart. Work was suspended in October, 1884, and the subject of a new improvement was reported on by a board of engineers. The new project reported provided for two parallel jetties about 1,100 feet apart. Appropriations ceased in 1888. During the fiscal year 1905 a channel 70 feet wide on the bottom, with a least depth of 10 feet was excavated from deep water inside the bar on a straight line across the Laguna Madre to the end of the railroad wharf at Point Isabel, with a turning basin at its inner end. The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, adopted a project providing for dredging a channel 18 feet deep at mean low tide and 400 feet wide through the entrance and its maintenance for a period of five years, the question of continuing or modifying the improvement to be then determined. Under this project two short stone dikes ex- tending out into the Gulf were completed June, 1927, one 1,400 feet long from Brazos Island and one 1,700 feet long from Padre Island. Some dredging was done between them and across the bar with a sea- going dredge to form the channel but as this dredging was not suc- cessful it was stopped January, 1928, and no further dredging was done under the project. The costs on the original and modified projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1930 were $675,855.30. In addition, $123,361.67 was expended from contributed funds for new work. The total expenditures were $677,393.46 United States funds and $123,361.67 contributed funds, a total of $800,755.13. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 25 feet deep and 300 feet wide through Brazos Santiago Pass, with jetty protection; for a channel 25 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the pass to a point on the westerly side of Long Island; for a channel 25 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the end of the Brazos Santiago Pass-Long Island Channel to and including a turning basin 500 feet square at Point Isabel; and for a channel 25 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the end of Brazos Santiago Pass-Long Island Channel to and including a turning basin 1,000 feet square in the vicinity of Brownsville. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 11/2 feet and the extreme range about 2 feet. The height of the tides is dependent, to some extent, on the wind, and during strong " northers" in the winter season the water surface in the southern end of the Laguna Madre may be raised 4 feet or more above the mean low tide in the Gulf. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1930, is $4,583,000, of which local interests are to contribute $2,425,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The estimate of annual cost of maintenance made in 1930 is $150,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 16, 71st Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published maps are in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 9, Seventieth Congress, first session, and River and Harbor Com- mittee Document No. 10, Seventy-first Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Theriver and harbor act of March 2, 1919, re- quires that local interests contribute sufficient funds to dredge a 1116 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 channel 16 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide on bottom from deep water in Brazos Santiago Pass to the end of the wharf at Point Isabel, with a turning basin 500 feet square and 16 feet deep at the wharf, provide for necessary maintenance of said channel and basin; rebuild the Rio Grande Railroad from Point Isabel to Browns- ville to standard gage, this work to be completed by the time the channels are completed; and furnish suitable terminal facilities at Point Isabel open to all on equal terms. These conditions have been complied with, except that the outer end of the channel has not yet been dredged and the suitable terminal facilities have not yet been constructed. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, in adopting the existing project for further improvement at this locality provides: (a) That local interests shall donate to the United States the north end of Brazos Island from a due east and west line 2,000 feet south of the old Coast Guard station, and the south end of Padre Island from a due east and west line 500 feet north of the quarantine station. (b) That local interests shall give assurances satisfactory to the Chief of Engineers and the Secretary of War that suitable terminal facilities will be made available. (c) That no work shall be undertaken on the channel to Brownsville until the sum of $2,175,000 has been contributed to the cost of the project and necessary rights of way and spoil-disposal areas have been furnished free of cost to the United States. (d) That no work shall be undertaken on the channel to Point Isabel until the sum of $450,000 has been contributed to the cost of the :project and neces- sary rights of way and spoil-disposal areas have been furnished free of cost to the United States. (e) That no work shall be undertaken on any part of the project until local interests shall have contributed either or both of the sums aforesaid. In adopting the project the act provides that no expense shall be incurred for the acquiring of any lands required to be donated to the United States for the purpose of this improvement or for other purposes; that the channel from the inner side of the pass to Long Island and thence to the turning basin near Brownsville shall be situated entirely within what is known as the Brownsville naviga- tion district and shall take the most direct practicable route toward Brownsville; that if both the Brownsville and Point Isabel Channels and turning basins are constructed the total amount to be contrib- uted in cash by local interests shall be in the sum of $2,425,000, thus avoiding duplication of the expense of constructing the channel from the inner side of the Pass to Long Island, estimated at $200,000; and that the width of any or all inner channels may be widened provided such proposed widening meets the approval of the Chief of Engi- neers and all expense incident thereto is paid by local interests. These conditions have not yet been met but local interests are acquiring all the required areas, right of ways, and easements and are preparing to raise the funds needed. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities at Brazos Island. At Point Isabel, there is a railroad wharf, owned by the Rio Grande Railway, extending out into the bay for a distance of 1,400 feet. This was rebuilt in 1926 to standard gage. There are no freight-handling facilities on this wharf. It is understood to be open to all on equal terms. This railroad also owns, it is understood, 740 feet of the frontage on the bay at the base of this wharf, the other frontage being owned by various parties. This wharf will RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1117 probablycare - for the traffietthatdevelops after improvement of the harbor, at least in its initial stages. Effect of improvement.--This being a revived project, which had been abandoned for about 14 years, there is as yet no effect to be reported. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-New work: The operations carried on during the fiscal year were miscellaneous sur- veys, collecting tide, current, and wind velocities, and compiling data. The total cost of the above operations was'$8;966.89, all chargeable to new work. Total expenditures were $10,501.26. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work on the existing project has not yet been started. The channel across the bar and through Brazos Santiago Pass had on June 30, 1930, a controlling depth of 121/2 feet about 300 feet wide across the bar, 18 feet about 300 feet wide through the pass, and 6 feet about 300 feet wide for a distance of 2,500 feet at outer end of inner channel; all depths refer to mean low tide. The dredged channel across the bay between the pass and Point Isabel has a controlling depth of 6 feet and width of about 50 feet. There have been no costs or expenditures on the existing project. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended July 1, 1930, amounting to $9,770.32, will be applied during the fiscal year 1931, as follows: New work: Pay outstanding liabilities as of June 30, 1930----------.------ $1,057.40 Surveys of outer bar and channel, of the inner channel, and the collection and compilation of data on tides, currents, and wind velocities during the period from July 1, 1930, to June 30, 1931_ 5, 000. 00 Expenses of district and division offices during the period from July 1, 1930, to June 30, 1931------------------------1,000.00 Total for improvement-------------------------------- 7, 057. 40 Maintenance: Repairs to dikes and surveys as required during the period from July 1, 1930, to June 30, 1931---------------------2, 712. 92 Grand total---- ------------------- ----------- 9, 770. 32 It is expected that the funds on hand will be exhausted about June 30, 1931, the amount shown for improvement being expended at a uniform rate and that shown for maintenance being expended only as the need therefor arises. The balance of the contributed fund ($638.33) will be held until it can be returned to local interests or expended toward the com- pletion or maintenance of the inner channel. With the $9,000 which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 it is proposed to make necessary repairs to dikes and apply the balance to contingencies and surveys as required. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project during 1932. Commercial statistics.-There was no commerce through the pass during the calendar years 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, or 1929. The only traffic in'the vicinity was carried on by small fishing boats which operated in the Laguna Madre and landed at Point Isabel. 1118 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and ftnancial summtary UNITED STATES FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------- $675, 855. 30 -______ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------------- Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930_ ..... _____ 2,568 05 Net total cost to June 30, 1930____________ ___ - 678, 423. 35 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930-----------__--- 23. 70 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930_---------- __------ 678, 447.05 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 - - ------ 1, 053. 59 Net total expenditures__-- ------------------- 677, 393. 46 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---- ---------- __ __---- 9, 770. 32 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930___- __ ___--687, 163. 78 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 I II Cost of new work...._______ ___ _ $24,617.08 $237,341.21 $97, 141.60 $21,522. 44 $8, 966. 89 Cost of maintenance_.... Total expended-------___ _______- 24, 617. 08 237,341. 21 141, 000. 63 12, 201. 14 10, 501. 26 Allotted _. .....---------------- ----- S103, 000. 00 178, 000. 00 70,000.00 11,000. 00 -6, 250. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-_____ _______ $26, 521. 58 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved May 28, 1930________________________-_____ 8, 750. 00 Amount to be accounted for---- --------- __-___-- 35, 271. 58 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment .__-------__ - 15, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for- ___ __-... 20, 271. 58 Gross amount expended______-- 10, 501.26 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930______ __...-____ 9, 770. 32 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930______- __- 1, 057.40 Balance available June 30, 1930_ 1 1 11 1__ _____1118, 712. 92 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930__---- __- ______-____-- ---_ 23. 70 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930------------- 8, 736. 62 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion - - - -- - -- -- -- - -- - - -- - - -- - - -- - -- - -- - of existing project __ 2, 158, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1 - - - - - - 30, 1932, for maintenance ____ __ _________ __ 9, 000. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1930____________________ $123, 361.67 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 123, 361. 67 Net total expenditures___--------_ ------------ -- __-______ 123, 361. 67 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_- ---__ - - -___ 638. 33 6----_____- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930- 1___-______- 124, 000.00 Exclusive of available funds. 2 In addition $2,425,000 is to be contributed by local interests. RIVERS AND HARBORS---GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1119 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_------------------------ $19.14 ..------------ Cost of maintenance------- ----------------------------------------- Total expended...-------------------------- 19. 14--- --------------------------------- Allotted.... ---------------- ----- ------------ ------------------------------ Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ----------------------------- $638.33 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 --------- 38.33 6-------------------- CONSOLIDATED COST AND FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR BRAZOS ISLAND HARBOR, TEX. Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------- $79, 216. 97 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 80, 1930------------ 2, 568. 05 Net total cost to June 30, 1930------------------------ 801, 785. 02 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 --------------.---- 23. 70 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930---- ----------------- 801, 808. 72 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930- ------------------------ 1, 053. 59 Net total expenditures--------------------------------- 800, 755.13 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------------- ------- 10, 408. 65 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 811,163. 78 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---------------------- $24, 636. 22 $237, 341. 21 $97, 141.60 $21, 522. 44 $8, 966. 89 Cost of maintenance---- Total expended--------------------- 24,636.22 237,341.21 141, 000.63 12, 201.14 10, 501.26 Allotted.......----------------.... ------------ 103,000. 00 178,000.001 70,000.00 11,000. 00 -6,250.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------ $27, 159. 91 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved May 28, 1930------------------------------------- 8, 750. 00 Amount to be accounted for------------------------------ 35, 909. 91 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment---------------- 15, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for----------------------- 20, 909. 91 Gross amount expended---------------------------------- 10, 501.26 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 10, 408. 65 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------ --------------------- 1, 057. 40 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------- 9, 351.25 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------------ 23. 70 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--------------- 9, 374. 95 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - __ 2, 158, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending 1- - - - - -- - - - - June 30, 1932, for maintenance 9, 000. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. 11714--ENG 1930- 71 1120 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 28. RED RIVER FROM FULTON, ARK., TO MOUTH OF WASHITA RIVER, OKLA. The existing project covering the removal of obstructions and the closure of certain chutes behind islands is not completed. No work of actual river improvement has been done since the fiscal year 1916. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and no balance is available. No work is proposed, as there is no existing or prospec- tive traffic which might be benefited. In House Document No. 947, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session, it was recommended that work on this river be discontinued, except such as was necessary to prevent the formation of rafts. (For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1924, p. 1011.) Commercial statstics.-There was no commerce reported on this part of Red River or on its tributary, the Kiamichi River, Okla., for 1929. During the year 1923, 4,065 tons of logs, valued at $81,300, were floated. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 2.3 feet. Cost and finanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 __.------------$378, 573.82 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ____________ ______--182,157. 05 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930.___-_--_- 560, 730. 87 Net total expenditures-. ..------------------ ------------------ 560, 730. 87 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 - __--.-----___- 560, 730. 87 29. CYPRESS BAYOU AND WATERWAY BETWEEN JEFFERtSON, TEX., AND SHREVEPORT, LA. Location and description.-CypressBayou rises in northeast Texas and flows southeasterly about 119 miles to Caddo Lake, thence 17 miles through this lake to Big Willow Pass, and thence about 23 miles through Big and Little Willow Passes, Soda Lake, Twelvemile Bayou, the new diversion canal, and Cross Bayou to the Red River at Shreveport, La., a total distance of about 159 miles. The project comprises that portion between Jefferson and Shreveport, a length of about 66 miles. Strictly speaking, Cypress Bayou proper ends where it enters Caddo Lake, but the name is frequently applied to the whole waterway above described. The drainage area is about 3,438 square miles. The discharge at extreme low water is estimated at 5 second- feet. No measurements of high-water discharges have been made. Extreme high-water stages below the dam at the foot of Caddo Lake are mainly due to backwater from the Red River. The dam creates a pool extending 43 miles to Jefferson, Tex. Since the completion of canal from the head of Eagle Pass to Red River at Shreveport, La., the fall at low water from the foot of Caddo Lake Dam to Red River, a distance of 23 miles, about 19.3 feet, an average of 0.84 foot per mile. Original condition.-Cypress Bayou evidently was an unnavigable stream until the advance of the Red River "raft" near Shreveport converted its bottom lands into lakes and afforded a route navigable for light-draft steamboats from six to nine months in the year from the Red River near Shreveport, La., to Jefferson, Tex. Navigation was difficult and dangerous by reason of bars and leaning timber in the bayou proper, and snags, stumps, fallen timber, and sunken logs in the channel through the lake. The removal of the raft in 1872-73, and the subsequent closure of outlets and the construction of levees RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1121 down the right bank of the Red River from the hills in Arkansas to near Shreveport, La., cut off the water supply of the lakes, and this, in conjunction with the quicker drainage resulting from the lowering of the bed of the Red River, gradually reduced their depth. In con- sequence, the period of navigation shortened from year to year until 1897, when boats from the Red River ceased plying altogether. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging and straightening the channel, removing obstructions, and clearing the banks in the lower 66 miles of Cypress Bayou from the Red River at Shreveport, La., to Jefferson, Tex., and for the construction of a dam without a lock at the foot of Caddo Lake. CADDO LAKE DAM Location: At foot of Caddo Lake, La. and Tex., about 23 miles above mouth of Jefferson-Shreveport Waterway. Below Mooringsport, La.: 2 miles. Length : 3,400 feet. Type: Fixed, on pile foundation. Date of completion: December 21, 1914. Cost : $100,553.47. Below the dam the fluctuations of the water level depend chiefly upon backwater from the Red River, the maximum being about 10 feet. At the dam the fluctuations are from zero to 8 feet above the crest of the spillway, and at Jefferson the maximum is 24.2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work was $20,000 for open-channel work (Annual Report, 1872) and $100,000 for the dam (1907). No esti- mate of annual cost for maintenance accompanied either report. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 10, 1872, provided for open-channel work (Annual Report for 1872, p. 572); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the construction of the dam (H. Doc. No. 220, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 236, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommnended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Priorto the beginning of work by the United States the citizens of Jefferson had expended over $70,000 (Annual Report for 1880, p. 1280) on the channel in the vicinity of that city. The city also loaned to the United States, free of cost, the dredge which it had been operating. From 1917 to 1922 the Caddo Levee Board, under authority of the Secretary of War, excavated a drain- age canal from the head of Eagle Pass (11/2 miles below Caddo Lake Dam) to Cross Bayou, closing the " new mouth " of Twelve Mile Bayou, thus giving outlet to the waters of Cypress Bayou through Big Willow Pass, Soda Lake, Twelve Mile Bayou, Gilmers Ditch, The Pass, and Cross Bayou into Red River at Shreveport, La. For repairs to Caddo Lake Dam local interests contributed $50,000 in 1925. Terminal facilities.-There are five private wharves and landings at Mooringsport, ranging in length from 26 feet to 165 feet, and one wharf at Jefferson. These wharves have no physical connection with any railroad, nor have they any freight-handling appliances. They are adequate for the existing commerce and there is ample room for future enlargement. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) 1122 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Effect of imiprovemnent.-Because of the obstruction of the dam the work done below Caddo Lake is of no benefit to through naviga- tion. The construction of the dam and the channel work above have facilitated navigation in the upper section, providing moans for the transportation of commodities between the railroad at Mooringsport and Jefferson and points on Caddo Lake and James Bayou. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Work consisted of caring for Caddo Lake Dam, removing 12,662 obstructions from Cypress Bayou between Jefferson, Tex., and the head of Caddo Lake, and placing 164 channel markers in Caddo Lake from Caddo Lake Dam to the head of Caddo Lake. The total cost during the fiscal year was $9,128.73, all being maintenance work done by hired labor and contract. The total expended during the fiscal year was $9,141.82, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal yeatr.-The dam at the foot of Caddo Lake was completed in 1914, completing the project. Its construc- tion and maintenance insures a 4-foot navigable depth at low water from that point up to Jefferson, but cuts off all possible navigation to Shreveport except for such light-draft boats as may pass over the dam at high stages. Below the dam navigation is largely de- pendent on backwater from Red: River. A stage of 15 to 24 feet on the Red River gage at Shreveport, depending on the run-off from Cypress Bayou drainage area, is necessary to provide a 4-foot depth up to the dam. Such stages are short in duration and irregular in occurrence. The total cost on the existing project to the end of the fiscal year 1930 has been as follows: New work Maintenance Total United States funds- ---..........----------------------------- -. $202, 817. 48 $228, 247.48 $431, 064.96 Contributed funds.......------------------------------------------------ 50,000.00 50,000.00 Total---------------.....................-------------------------- 202, 817. 48 278, 247. 48 481, 064. 96 The total expenditures on the existing project to the end of the fiscal year 1930 have been $430,954.22. In addition, $50,000 was expended from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended July 1, 1930, amounting to $10,664.39 will be expended during the fiscal year 1931 for maintenance work, as follows: Payment of outstanding liabilities, July 1, 1930------------------- $123. 83 Salary of inspector at Caddo Lake Dam and miscellaneous charges_- 2, 490. 56 Make minor repairs to Caddo Lake Dam_----------------- _ 6, 850. 00 District and division office expenses ------------------------------ 1, 200. 00 Total ------------------- ----- ----------- 10, 664.39 It is expected that the funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The additional sum of $9,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 to be applied to care of Caddo Lake Dam and making minor repairs thereto. Commercial statistics.-The commerce is all on that portion of the waterway between Caddo Lake Dam and Jefferson, Tex., and is due to the activities of oil companies in the vicinity of Moorings- port, La., and lumbering companies near Jefferson, Tex. The com- RIVERS AND HARBORS--GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1123 merce consists principally of lumber, logs, oils, and oil-well equip- ment and supplies. The marked increase in tonnage and decrease in value for 1928 was due to the movement of a large amount of low- value logs and piling. Decreases in tonnage for 1927 and 1929 due to decreased movement of forest products, oil-well equipment and supplies, and increase in tonnage for 1926 due to increased move- ment of lumber, logs, and miscellaneous freight. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 1.2 to 3.5 feet. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925___ __---------- - 11, 388 $1, 808, 827 1928 ..--------------------- 12,118 $493, 270 1926---------------------- 21, 801 1, 842, 541 1929.---------------- ----- 4, 412 692, 782 1927----_------- ----------- 5, 938 1,188,170 Cost and finanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930___------------------------- $202, 817. 48 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 228, 247. 48 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-----------431, 064. 96 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------ 1------------------- 74 110. Net total expenditures -------------------------- 430, 954. 22 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930__________________________ 10, 664. 39 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-- __-____- ___ 441, 618. 61 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work----------- Cost of maintenance_------------------- $66, 609. 71 $31, 271. 56 $4, 654. 08 $1, 771. 16 $9, 128. 73 Total expended- __ --------------- 34, 399. 55 13, 806. 07 4, 878. 14 1, 747. 33 9, 141.82 Allotted----------------------------- 50,000. 00 10,000.00 ---- 8, 000.00... ..-------- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__- - ___________-_ _----___-$19, 806. 21 Gross amount expended _______________________________-__ 9, 141. 82 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930__.__ ____ -. _______ 10, 664. 39 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930____---_ __ 123. 83 Balance available June 30, 1930_________________________ 10, 540. 56 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- - - - 30, 1932, for maintenance' 9, 000. 00 30. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, in- spections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1124 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in con- nection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $8,180.66; the expenditures were $8,180.66. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $10,000 can be profitably ex- pended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 _____________________-__-_ $25, 352.75 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930___________________________ 27. 08 Net total expenditures --__-------.-____ -___ 25, 325. 67 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------------20, 674. 33 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930________-_______ 46, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-----------------------------------------_-- Cost of maintenance..............................--------------------------------------- ------------ $17, 172. 09 $8, 180. 66 Total expended________________________I ..... - -- -- -- - - -. 17,145.01 8,180.66 Allotted...__............. ------------------------. $5, 000. 00 30, 000. 00 11, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--- - - - $17, 854. 99 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------------__ 11, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for __---------------------------- 28, 854. 99 Gross amount expended - __ 8, 180. 66 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ------------------------- 20, 674.33 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ------------------------------ 231. 06 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------------------20, 443. 27 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10, 000.00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED MARCH 3, 1925, AND THE ACTS OF MAY 31, 1924, AND FEBRUARY 12, 1929 Reports dated June 23, 1928, and January 25, 1929, with map, on preliminary examination and survey of Channel fromn Galveston Harbor to Texas City Channel, Tex., required by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925, were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 107, Seventy-first Congress, first session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project at an estimated cost of $706,000, with $161,500 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. Report dated September 27, 1929, with map, on preliminary exami- nation of the Colorado River, Tex., with a view to the control of its floods, required by the acts of May 31, 1924, and February 12, 1929, was duly submitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 1125 Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and was transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 361, Seventy-first Congress, second session. A detailed survey is not recommended at this time. Reports on preliminary examinations required by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress, but have not yet been printed. 1. Preliminary examination of Colorado River, Tex.-Report dated May 14, 1926 was transmitted to Congress October 12, 1929. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. 2. Preliminary examination of Brazos Island Harbor, Tex.- Report dated September 29, 1927, was transmitted to Congress Octo- ber 31, 1929. No improvement additional to that contemplated in the recommendation printed in River and Harbor Committee Docu- ment No. 10, Seventy-first Congress, first session, is deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts approved July 27, 1916, March 3, 1925, January 21, 1927, and July 3, 1930, and the flood control acts approved May 31, 1924, and February 12, 1929,.as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Trinity River, Tex., with a view to devising plans for flood protection. 2. Brazos River, Tex., with a view to the control of the floods. 3. Trinity River., Tex., with a view to the control of the floods. 4. Guadalupe River, Tex., with a view to the control of the floods. 5. Guadalupe River, Tex. 6. Baf/ns Bay, Tex. 7. Brazos River, Tex., up to Rosenberg. 8. Intracoastal waterway in Tewas from Corpus Christi to Point Isabel, including Arroyo Colorado to Missouri Pacific bridge near Harlingen. 9. Brazos River, Tex., from a point above Rosenberg to its mouth, with a view to controlling the flood waters of said river by a diversion channel or other methods. 10. Galveston Harbor and Channel, Tex.; also including therein the San Jacinto Reservation, with a view to the placing or disposal of dredged or other material in such manner as to improve the said reservation. 11. Aransas Pass: Corpus Christi Channel, Tex., from Corpus Christi Breakwater to shore line of Corpus Christi Bay. 12. Houston Ship Channel, examination and survey for further improvement by deepening, widening, or otherwise to meet require- ments of present and prospective commerce. 13. Channel and turning basin between Houston Ship Channel, Tex., and Barbour Terminals. 14. Greens Bayou, Tex., from the North Shore Railroad bridge to the Houston Ship Channel. 15. Guadalupe Rwver, Tex., and channel in San Antonio Bay con- necting the Guadalupe River with the Intracoastal Waterway. 1126 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 16. San Bernard River, Tex. 17. Anahuac Channel, Tex. 18. Turtle Bayou, Tex. 19. Sabine-Neches Waterway, Tex., with a view to further enlarge- ment and improvement, and including in the report the amount of lands and moneys heretofore contributed by local interests. 20. Clear Creek and Clear Lake, Tex., for a greater depth and enlargement of the waterway facilities. 21. West Galveston Bay and adjacent waters, Tex., with a view to determining whether the construction of channels through Red- fish Reef has caused an increase in the salt-water content in Trinity River or other waterways to the injury of rice growing and other interests in Chambers and Liberty Counties, Tex., and report as to what works, if any, are necessary to remedy such conditions. 22. Dickinson Bayou, Tex. 23. Offatte Bayou, Tex. 24. Trinity River, Tex. 25. Waterway from Harlingen,Tex., to the Gulf of Mexico by way of Arroyo Colorado, Laguna Madre, and cut across Padre Island, or zch other route as may be deemed advisable. 26. Channel from Port O'Connor, Tex., to the Intracoastal Water- way. 27. Channel from PortLavaca, Tex., to the IntracoastalWaterway. 28. Channel from Palacios, Tex., and the Texas National Guard camp through Tres Palacios and Matagorda Bays to a connection with the IntracoastalWaterway. 29. Louisiana and Texas Intracoastal Waterway from Corpus Christi to the Rio Grande Valley. REPORTS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, UNITED STATES SENATE, AND THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated December 16, 1927, a review of reports on channel from Aransas Pass to Corpus Christi, Tex., printed in House Document No. 321 Sixty-seventh Congress, second session, was re- quested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the commit- tee August 10, 1929, and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 9, Seventy-first Congress, first session. Recommenda- tion is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a depth of 30 feet, with a width of 200 feet, east of the Corpus Christi breakwater, at an estimated cost to the United States of $515,000, with $249,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolution dated October 15, 1928, a review of prior reports on Brazos IslandHarbor,Tex.,was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee September 26, 1929, and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 10, Seventy-first Con- gress, first session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project at an estimated cost of $1,700,000, with $150,000 annu- ally for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolution of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, House of Representatives, dated December 14, 1929, and resolution of the Com- mittee on Commerce, United States Senate, dated December 18, 1929, a review of reports on Braszos Island Harbor, Tex., printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 10, Seventy-first Congress, first session, was requested. Reports thereon were transmitted to the RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT 1127 committees January 24, 1930, and printed in River and Harbor Com- mittee Document No. 16, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project at an estimated cost of $4,783,000, with $150,000 annually for main- tenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolution dated October 15, 1929, a review of report on Cedar Bcyou, Tex., transmitted to Congress December 8, 1923, pursuant to the river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee Febru- ary 27, 1930, and printed in Senate Document No. 107, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 10 feet and 100 feet wide from the Houston Ship Channel to a point on the bayou 11 miles above the mouth, at an estimated cost of $50,000, with $20,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolution dated January 30, 1929, a review of reports on the Sabine-Neches Waterway and Port Arthur Canal, Tex., printed in House Document No. 287, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session, was requested. Report thereon was transmitted to the committee Jan- uary 16, 1930, but has not yet been printed. The improvement of this locality, other than as authorized by the existing project, is deemed advisable at the present time. Reports as indicated below, called for by the Committee on Com- merce, United States Senate, and the Committee on Rivers and Har- bors, House of Representatives, will be submitted as soon as practicable: 1. Review of reports on Trinity River, Tex., printed in House Document No. 409, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session, and subsequent reports. 2. Review of reports on Freeport Harbor, Tex., printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 10, Sixty-ninth Congress, second session. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT The streams under improvement in this district are tributaries of the Mississippi River, which flow through northwestern Mississippi, southern Arkansas, and the northern half of the State of Louisiana. District engineer: Maj. John C. H. Lee, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Brig. Gen. T. H. Jackson, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Red River below Fulton, Ark_ 1128 9. Yazoo River, Miss--------- 1148 2. Ouachita and Black Rivers, 10. Tallahatchie and Coldwater Ark. and La __----___ 1131 Rivers, Miss ---------- __ 1151 3. Operating and care of locks 11. Big Sunflower River, Miss_ 1153 and dams, Ouachita River, 12. Operating and care of lock Ark. and La-- __ ..-----. 1136 and dam in Big Sunflower 4. Tensas River and Bayou Ma- River, Miss ..___..._ -. 1156 con, La--------------- 1138 13. Steele and Washington Bay- 5. Boeuf River, La-........... 1141. ous and Lake Washington, 6. Bayou Bartholomew, La. and Mis ------------------ 1157 Ark--------------1143 14. Mouth of the Yazoo River, 7. Saline River, Ark- .... 1145 Miss, ------------------ 1159 8. Bayous D'Arbdnne and Cor- 15. Examinations, surveys, and ney, La-- __-_---_------ 1146 contingencies (general) __ 1161 1128 REPORT OF OHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 1. RED RIVER BELOW FULTON, ARK. Location and description.-Red River rises in Northwestern Texas and flows in a general easterly direction, forming the boundary between Texas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. It then flows in a general southeasterly direction through Arkansas and Louisiana and enters Mississippi River at Red River Landing, La. The river is about 1,275 miles long, with drainage area of about 66,000 square miles. It is alluvial, heavily charged with sediment, and carries much drift. The discharge varies from 227,000 second-feet at extreme high water to 2,270 at low water. It has a medium swift current, a fall of nearly 6 inches to the mile, and an average width of 975 feet between top of banks. Original condition.-The channel of the river for 92 miles from Loggy Bayou to Hurricane Bluffs was filled at intervals by a mass of sunken logs and stumps, which was known as the great raft. The head of navigation for all traffic was at the foot of this raft, 257 miles above the mouth. The river everywhere was obstructed by snags and drift, and at Alexandria, La., by a ledge of rock. Above the raft log jams had formed at intervals nearly to the Arkansas- Louisiana line. Passage around the raft through outlets and side channels was practicable only at high water. The low-water-channel depth on many shoals was 11/2 feet and the width 90 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted May 23, 1828. Modifications were made June 10, 1872; June 18, 1878; March 3, 1879; August 2, 1882; July 5, 1884; August 11, 1888; and Septem- ber 19, 1890. The cost and expenditures under original and modified projects before existing project was adopted, July 13, 1892, were $1,553,877.50, for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1868 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for continuing improvement of Red River from Fulton, Ark., to the Atchafalaya River, La., 475 miles, by systematic clearing of the banks, snagging, dredging shoals, building levees (either alone or in cooperation with riparian States), closing outlets, revetting caving banks, and preventing injurious cut-offs. The lower end of the section included in the project is 6.6 miles above the mouth of the river. No proposed channel dimensions were given. Floods ordinarily cause fluctuations of stage between high and low water of from 30 to 45 feet. Unusual floods occasionally increase this range about 10 feet. The work being continuous, no estimate for completion was made. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $50,000, exclusive of the cost of new plant when required. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892 (Annual Reports for 1890, p. 1829, and for 1891, p. 1957). (For latest published map see H. Doc. No. 848, 65th Cong., 2d sess.) Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local. cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law. A levee was built in 1915-16 to close a crevasse in Lafayette County near Garland, Ark. For this work the Red River levee district No. 1 contributed $22,700 and the United States $6,000. A levee contain- RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT 1129 ing about 255,000 cubic yards was built in 1916-17 by the Long Prairie levee district to close a crevasse in its line in Lafayette County, Ark. In cooperation with the levee board the United States built 38,427 cubic yards of this embankment. In 1928-29 Federal aid was extended to the Orton levee district to the amount of 27,477 cubic yards at a cost of $5,055.98, to the Ogden levee district 32,369 cubic yards at a cost of $5,931.61, to the Red River levee district No. 1 20,588 cubic yards at a cost of $7,262.42, to Hempstead levee district 39,110 cubic yards at a cost of $10,087.33, and to Bossier levee district 40,103 cubic yards at a cost of $10,416.38, the levee districts furnishing right of way only. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The work done has rendered transporta- tion by water much easier and safer. It has prevented the formation of rafts, caused marked scour in the river bed, and lowered the flood plane in the general case. Operations and results during fiscal year.-From August 17 to December 2, 1929, the U. S. dredge Waterway dredged 193,136 cubic yards from the following cuts and shoals: Kings Bayou, Joffrion Bend, Buxton Bayou, Veto Bend, Confederate Dam, Swift's Bayou, Barbin Reach, Moncla Landing, and Alexandria Reach. The dredge then laid up at Vicksburg, Miss., for repairs. From August 24 to November 19, 1929, the U. S. snag boat Jos. E. Ransdell snagged from the mouth of Black River to Naples, La., and return, a distance of 70 miles, and above the mouth 6f Black River removing 1,518 snags, stumps, trees, and other obstructions. From August 1 to October 11, 1929, the U. S. quarter boat No. 5 chopped from Shreveport, La., to Colfax, La., removing 88 cords of drift and 9,007 snags, trees, and other obstructions. From September 9 to September 12, 1929, the U. S. quarter boat No. 10 chopped and snagged from the mouth of Black River 6 miles upstream, removing 653 snags, trees, and other obstructions and cutting 100 square yards of brush. No work was done from September 14 to September 30, 1929, on account of high water. This work is classed as maintenance and was all done by hired labor. The cost for snagging and chopping was $19,897.15 and for dredging $31,182.08. Cost of maintenance_____--_______----- ---------------- - $52, 635. 74 Total expended ------------------- ------------- --- 61, 492. 17 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The work under the existing proj- ect being continuous and no estimate being made, the date or the percentage of completion can not be stated. From January to July the prevailing stage is 6 feet and over, and minimum depths are about 4 feet to Fulton, Ark., 5 feet to Shreveport, La., and 6 feet to Alexandria, La. During the remainder of the year stages near zero may be expected, with minimum depths less than 1 foot from Fulton to Shreveport, 1 to 2 feet Shreveport to Alexandria, 4 feet from Alexandria to mouth of Black River, and 6.5 feet thence to mouth. Cost of new work under the existing project to June 30, 1930__. $409, 928. 91 Cost of maintenance_------ ------------ 1, 257, 396. 62 Total cost ----..---.----------- ----------- 667, 325. 53 1', Total expended -------.. .---......--------- 1,795, 221.21 1130 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance will be applied to maintenance, using Government plant and hired labor, as follows: Outstanding liabilities----------------------------------------- $54, 872. 69 Maintenance, dredging channel, 2% months, at $13,000 per month__ 32, 500. 00 Chopping party above Alexandria, La., about 4 months, at $2,500 per month ---------------------- 9, 760. 51 Snagging below Alexandria, La., 3 months, at $5,000 per month __ 15, 000. 00 Total_---------------------------------- ---- - 112,133. 20 The funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The amount ($150,000) that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, will be applied to maintenance, using Government plant and hired labor, as follows: Maintenance, dreding channels below Alexandria, La., about 51/2 months, at $14,500 per month_______________________________ $79, 500 Snagging below Alexandria, La., 21/2 months, at $7,000 per month------ 17, 500 Chopping party above Alexandria, La., 2 months, at $4,000 per month__ 8, 000 Work boat------------------------------------------------------- 35, 000 Additional pontoons for floating discharge line for U. S. dredge Waterway ------------------------ _ 10, 000 Total--------- 150, 000 The above amount is larger than the average expenditure for maintenance during the preceding five years owing to the fact that more dredging is contemplated, this additional work being required on accoult of the revival of commerce on this portion of Red River. Commercial statistics.--The full available depth is required by all commerce using the improved section. Boats usually draw about 5 feet loaded. Comparative statement Vessel traffic Rafted Total Cargoes in transit Calendar year Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925 _ _ -- _ ----- ------ ------- 5, 223 $701, 475 ___ 1926-.... .... 16,033 $58, 280 _ . -- 16, 033 $58, 280 80, 313 6, 386, 096 ---------- . 1927..... 31, 044 993, 281 1, 220 $31, 044 32, 264 1, 024, 325 29, 072 4, 333, 704. 35 1928---..... __ 179, 075 1,566,671 _____-- 179,075 1, 566, 671 70, 350 5, 016, 180 ___ 1929 ......... 24, 772 1, 227, 434 ------------- -- 24, 772 1, 227, 434 90, 374 6, 369, 671 . Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-- --- --- ----------- ______ $1, 963, 806. 41 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_________________-------- 21, 257, 396. 62 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---_____ 2 3, 221, 203. 03 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930----------- 184, 029. 10 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ------------------------- 3, 405, 232. 13 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------_ 56, 133. 42 Net total expenditures--------------------------- 3, 349, 098. 71 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ---------------------------- 112, 133. 20 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------ - - 3, 461, 231. 91 1In addition $22,700 has been expended from contributed funds. 2Includes correction to permanent work previously reported, of $33,412.17. RIVERS AND HARBORS--VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT 1131 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 . Cost of new work .------------------------ Cost of maintenance_-----_--_----- -- - $33, 033. 61 $29, 146. 86 $44, 531. 82 $49, 294. 29 $52, 635. 74 Total expended----------------------- 33, 033. 61 29, 146. 86 56, 243. 71 130, 806. 79 61, 492. 17 Allotted---......-----------. . _-- ---------- 32, 000. 00 ------------ 65, 000. 00 144, 000. 00 112, 600. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_- _ ------ _-------- $61,025.37 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928-------------------------- -- $62, 600.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------ 50, 000.00 112, 600. 00 Amount to be accounted for_- --- __-__---- - 173, 625. 37 Gross amount expended__-- --- _ ------------------ 61, 492. 17 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------- 112, 133.20 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ------------ 54, 035. 51 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts ---------- 837, 18 54, 872. 69 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------ 57, 260. 51 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - 30, 1932, for maintenance 150, 000. 00 2. OUACHITA AND BLACK RIVERS, ARK. AND LA. Location and description.-OuachitaRiver rises in Polk County, Ark., and flows in a general southeasterly direction through Arkansas and Louisiana. It is joined by Tensas and Little Rivers at Trinity, La., below which place it 'is called Black River, and flowing thence south enters Red River 34 miles above its mouth. Ouachita River is about 500 miles long and Black River is 56.8 miles long. The drainage area of these streams is about 18,230 square miles. Their discharge at low water is about 800 and at high water about 70,000 second-feet. They are alluvial streams, with moderate currents, carry little sediment, fall about 21/2 inches per mile, and their average width is about 500 feet between banks. Original condition.-Navigation at all stages was much impeded by snags, logs, wrecks, and leaning trees, and these obstructions, together with sand and gravel bars, made the streams practically impassable at low stages. During the period of low water the width of the channel varied from 80 to 500 feet, with minimum usable depth of about 6 inches. When the water was high the streams were navigable, in fact, for all traffic from the mouth of Black River, La., to Arkadelphia, Ark., a distance of 440 miles. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted March 3, 1871. Modifications were made June 10, 1872, August 14, 1876, and July 5, 1884. The amount expended under original and modified projects before existing project was adopted, June 13, 1902, were $605,802.19 for new work. A separate project for work in the SExclusive of available funds. 1132 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Ouachita River between Camden and Arkadelphia was adopted August 11, 1888, and $9,000 was expended on this portion of the river for new work. There was expended on Lock and Dam No. 7, since eliminated from the project, the sum of $59,265.44, making a grand total of $674,067.63, all for new work, which also represents the cost. (For further details of previous projects see p. 1869 of the Annual Report for 1915.) Emisting project.-This proposes to obtain a navigable depth of 61/2 feet at low water from the mouth of Black River, La., to a point about 10 miles above Camden, Ark., a distance of 360 miles, by the construction of six locks and dams, with necessary dredging, and to remove logs, wrecks, and overhanging trees, etc., between mouth of Black River and Arkadelphia, Ark., 440 miles. The location and description of the locks and dams which are included in the project are contained in the following table: Distance from nearestom Greatest Depth on town or Above Width available Lift at miter No. . No. Lmouth Location mouth Lnaet of Black of lock of lock length for full low sill at normal nearest River chamber width water poo blavtrib- of lock level utary Miles Miles Feet Feet Feet Feet 2 Harrisonburg, La------------------ 0.1 72. 6 55 268 14. 4 6. 9 3 Riverton, La --------------------- 2. 0 133. 6 55 268 14. 8 6. 5 4 Monroe, La ---------------------- _ 4. 0 179. 0 55 268 8. 9 6.5 5 Sterlington Reach, La-------------- 1. 6 208. 3 55 268 6. 9 6. 6 6 Near Felsenthal, Ark.-------------- 1 3. 3 238. 5 55 268 9. 7 7. 6 8 Near Calion, Ark-__ -------------- 110. 5 297. 2 55 268 13. 5 6.5 Per- Character of foun- Kind of centage Cost No. Location Charati of foun- K dof Type of construction or year of com- pletion 2 Harrisonburg, La__ Piling in clay..... Movable - Concrete Poiree needle 1921 $470, 394. 69 dam; steel mitering lock gates. 3 Riverton, La-----....... Piling in sand-......do ----------.....- do---.... ------------ 1920 681, 072. 84 4 Monroe, La-------- ..--- do........----------- -do..-------...----do.... -------------- 1915 8641, 630. 23 5 Sterlington Reach, Piling in clay-......do--..... Concrete Chanoine 1926 901,096.17 La. wicket dam; steel mi- tering gates. 6 Near Felsenthal, Piling in sand-........ do-------.. .. do....------- ---- _--- 1923 4914, 844.67 Ark. 8 Near Calion, Ark _ Piling in clay- -- do.... ..----- do.....--------- ------- 1926 5 915, 445. 96 1 Nearest town. 3 2 By river-2 miles by highway. Dam failed Aug. 10, 1917, and was rebuilt under permanent indefinite appropriation for operating and care of canals. Type of dam now is concrete Poiree needle pass and Chanoine wicket weir. 4 Includes cost of original structure to June 30, 1919 ($559,539.34), and the cost of modifications to permit elimination of Lock and Dam 7 ($355,305.33). b Includes actual cost of original structure to June 30, 1919 ($592,922.43), and the cost of modifications to permit elimination of Locks and Dams 7 and 9 ($322,523.53). Floods ordinarily cause fluctuations of stage from 25 to 45 feet between high and low water. Extreme floods occasionally increase this range about 10 feet. The latest revised estimate of cost of the system of locks and dams, made in October, 1920, as modified by the actual cost of Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 6, since completed, is $4,576,838.52. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintaining the improvement by remov- RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT 1133 ing obstructions to navigation between Camden, Ark., and the mouth of Black River, La., is $50,000. No estimate for maintenance above Camden has been approved. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the construction of Locks and Dams Nos. 4 and 6 the act of March 2, 1907, provided for Locks and Dams Nos. 2 and 8; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for obtaining sites for Locks and Dams Nos. 3 and 7; the act of July 25, 1912, for their construction; the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the construction of Lock and Dam No. 5; and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for modifying Locks and Dams Nos. 6 and 8 to raise their pool levels, which with dredging will obviate the neces- sity for constructing Locks and Dams Nos. 7 and 9. The act of March 3, 1871, provided for open-channel work from Arkadelphia to the mouth, and the act of July 5, 1884, provided for the extension of such work in that portion of the stream known as Black River. The canalization work of the project is based on report contained in House Document No. 448, Fifty-seventh Congress, first session (Annual Report for 1902, p. 1435). The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, provided for certain changes in Locks and Dams Nos. 6 and 8 (R. and H. Com.Doc. No: 7, 65th Cong., 2d sess.). Lock and Dam No. 1 was eliminated from the plan by the Secretary of War under authority given by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907. The open-channel work of the project is based on reports submitted in House Executive Document No. 60, part 4, Forty-first Congress, third session, and the Annual Report of 1883, page 1155. The latest published map of the section of these rivers included in the project is in the Annual Report for 1913, page 2336. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.--None required. However, local interests con- tributed $5,000 during the fiscal year 1929, which was expended in connection with United States funds in prevention of cut-off near Camden, Ark. Terminal facilities.-A warehouse open to the general public for receiving steamboat freight has been constructed by the city of Monroe, La., and an approach slip is proposed to be dredged with an incline for unloading boats. A small private incline, with traveling conveyor from top bank to pool level, used for several years, was abandoned in October, 1927. Effect of improvement.-The work performed provides a mini- mum 61/2-foot channel during the entire year from mouth of Black River to Camden, Ark., a distance of 351 miles. Operations and results during fiscal year.-From July 1 to October 24, 1929, and April 18 to May 30 and June 19 to 30, 1930, the U. S. dredge The Ram dredged 220,099 cubic yards from cuts and shoals at Camden Cut No. 1, Lock and Dam No. 6, Upper Breston, Breston, Missouri-Pacific bridge, Smithland, Horseshoe Lake, Columbia, Harrisonburg, mouth of Black River, Spoon Camp, Upper Blue Beach, Camden, Compress, Treadway, Cape Horn, and Romeo Shoals. From July 1 to October 3, 1929, the U. S. dredge Waterway dredged 138,448 cubic yards at Smithland and around mouth of Black River and placed 19,966 cubic yards of fill near Camden 1134 REPORT OF OCHEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 (Treadway Slough). This fill was topped out and completed Octo- ber 30, 1929, by contract. Before this fill became thoroughly con- solidated a sudden rise in the Upper Ouachita River washed part of it away. From July 1 to September 6, 1929, the U. S. combined snag and dredge boat Sunfloer and attendant quarterboats Nos: 3 and 10 worked over the river from the upper reaches to Jakes Lake, 192.9 miles above the mouth, removing 2,466 snags and other obstructions, 430 cords of drift, cutting 8,400 square yards of brush and 9 cords of willows, and dredging 186 cubic yards. From August 1 to 23, 1929, the U. S. snagboat Jos. E. Ransdell worked over the river from Lock and Dam No. 4 to the mouth of Black River, removing 753 snags, trees, and other obstructions. This work is classed as maintenance and was done by hired labor, except the small amount of work near Camden, Ark. (Treadway Slough), which was done by contract. The cost for snagging and chopping was $17,184.89, for dredging was $77,150.91, and for work . near Camden, Ark. (Treadway Slough) was $10,239.15. Cost of new work (cut-off near Camden, Ark.) --------------- $10, 239. 15 COst of niiintenance------... -- ------------------------ 95,172. 14 Total---- ------------------------------------- 105, 411.20 The expenditures were $99,972.78, of which $94,972.78 was from United States funds and $5,000 was from contributed funds. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The six locks and dams embraced in the existing project for slack-water improvement of the Ouachita River were completed in 1924. (See table under Existing project, p. 1132.) The head of high-water navigation is usually Camden Ark., although boats might occasionally run to Arkadelphia, Ark., i# channel obstructions permit. From January to June the gage at Monroe, La., generally reads 10 feet or more, caused by the river above, and minimum depths exceeding 7 feet are usual between the mouth of Black River and Camden, Ark., a distance of 350.8 miles. At intervals during this period the reading of the Camden gage ex-- ceeds 15 feet, and minimum depths of 7 feet may be expected between Camden and Arkadelphia. During 'the remainder of the year the pools furnished by Dams Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8, with moderate dredging in Black and Ouachita Rivers, provide depths of 6.5 feet between the mouth of Black River and Camden, Ark. Cost of new work under existing project to June 30, 1930-------___ $4, 574, 551. 31 Cost of maintenance ----- __--------------------------- -- 807, 102. 08 Total cost--------------------------------------- 5, 381,653.39 Total expended ---------------------------------------- 5, 437, 391. 82 In addition, $5,000 was expended from contributed funds in con- nection with work at Camden, Ark., during 1930. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance will be applied to maintenance of channels between Camden, Ark., and mouth of Black River, using Government plant and hired labor, as follows: Outstanding liabilities-------------------------------------$13, 732. 31 Maintenance, dredging channels, 3/4 months, at $13,000 per month__ 42, 466. 73 Snagging, 3 months, at $5,000 per month_ - ------- 15, 000. 00 Total-- - ----------,_- 71, 199. 04 xOf which $6,619.57 was from United States funds and $3,619.58 was from contributed funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT 1135 The funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The amount ($100,000) that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, will be applied to maintenance, using Government plant and hired labor, as follows: Maintenance, dredging channels, about 6 months, at $13,300 per month_ $82, 500 Snagging, 21/2 months, at $7,000 per month ---------- --------- 17, 500 Total ----------------------------------------------- 100, 000 The above amount is considerably larger than the average expendi- ture during the preceding five years owing to the completion of the system of locks and dams and the necessity for maintaining the full project depth to meet the current needs of increasing commerce. Commercial statistics.-The full available depth is required by all commerce using the section improved by removal of obstructions. Due to the completed locks and dams, through traffic is now prac- ticable between New Orleans and Camden, Ark. Boats usually draw about 4 feet loaded. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925 1__----------------- 291, 465 $2, 770, 367 19284_____________________ 417, 991 $7, 902, 200 1926 2------------------- 392, 606 9, 182, 675 1929 5------------------- 456, 542 9, 785, 228 1927 3 .. .. 369, 666 6, 733, 390 1 Includes 78,798 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $373,640. 2 Includes 19,332 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $80,480. 3 Includes 42,942 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $240,475. 4 Includes 17,191 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $74,781. 5 Includes 27,000 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $135,000. Cost and financial sumnmary Cost c)f new work to June 30, 1930___--------------- 1 $5, 248, 618. 94 Cost o)f maintenance to June 30, 1930_ - - ____-- -_____-_- _ -807, 102. 08 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_________ 6, 055, 721. 02 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---------- 70, 098. 88 Net total cost to June 30, 1930----------------------- 6, 125, 819. 90 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930__________------------ 14, 360. 45 Net total expenditures_ , 111, 459. 45 6----------------------------- Unexp)ended balance June 30, 1930__------------------------ 71, 199.04 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 , 182, 658. 49 6----------__ Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_-------. -------- _ $6,454. 50 Cost of maintenance_--------------------- 29, 816. 37 $41, 781.03 $61, 047. 27 $87, 175. 50 $95, 172. 14 Total cost------------------------- 36, 270. 87 41, 781.03 61,047. 27 87, 175. 50 95, 172. 14 Total expended__ ----------------------- 36, 270. 87 41, 781. 03 74,190. 85 134, 882. 02 86, 972. 78 Allotted --------------------------------- 40,000.00 42,000.00 86, 500.00 118,789.49 127,000.00 1 Of this amount $4,608,316.75 was expended for lock and dam construction. 2 Includes correction of permanent work previously reported of $23,142.12. 11714--ENG 1930---72 1136 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 19291------------------- ---------- $39, 171.82 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 23, 1928---------------- -------- $22, 000 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-------------- -------- . ----- 65, 000 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930__ 5, 000 .Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929---------------------------- 35, 000 127, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for ....-------------------------- 166, 171. 82 Gross amount expeaded---------- 972. 78 9-------------------------- Balance unexpended June 30, 193071---------------------- , 199.04 Outstanding liabilit'es June 30, 1930- ---------- -------- 13, 732. 31 Balance available June 30, 1930---------------------------- 57, 466. 73 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 100, 000. 00 :3. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS, OUACHITA RIVER, ARK. AND LA. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for improving Ouachita and Black Rivers, Ark. and La. (See pp. 1131 to 1136, where general information may be found.) The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation for the following periods: No. 2, since November 1, 1918; No. 3, since Janu- ary 1, 1919; No. 4, since January 1, 1915; No. 5, since October 14, 1924; No. 6, from January 25, 1913, to June 30, 1919, and from January 1, 1923, to June 30 1930; No. 8, from October 1, 1912, to August 31, 1923, and November 16, 1924, to June 30, 1930. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Locks and Dams Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 have been operated as required during the fiscal year, and plant, structures, and grounds maintained in good condi- tion. The U. S. dredge The Ram placed 4,602 cubic yards of fill at Lock and Dam No. 2 and 11,183 cubic yards of fill at Lock and Dam No. 6. New dwellings were built at Locks and Dams Nos. 6 and 8. Two hundred and twenty-five feet of new fence was built at Lock and Dam No. 8. New hulls were built for gas boats for Locks and Dams Nos. 6 and 8. At Lock and Dam No. 2 jetties were placed around lower lock gates and a levee was built from the lockmaster's house to the river bank. This work is classed as maintainance and was all done by hired labor. The total costs for the year were $153,884.98, of which $63,- 028.43 was for operating and care proper and $90,856.55 for improve- ment and reconstruction. The total expenditures for the year were $162,300.38. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Locks and Dams 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 were completed in 1924. The locks and dams are in good condition and are raised when needed, ordinarily between July and December. They furnish continuous pools, which, supplemented by moderate dredging, provide a navigable depth of 6.5 feet from the mouth of SChanged from amount shown in 1929 report to include $8,000 allotted for work near 'Camden, 2 Ark. Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT 1137 Black River to Camden, Ark. When river stages are high, usually between January and June, the dams are not operated. The total cost to June 30, 1930, was $1,890,126.83, of which $803,917.37 was for operating and care proper and $1,086,209.46 for improvement and reconstruction. The total expended to June 30, 1930, was $1,925,699.19. Proposed operations.-Locks and Dams Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of boats and barges han- dling all traffic through the improved sections vary from 3 to 5 feet. The slack-water commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted mainly of logs, grain, provisions, and farm products. Comparative statement of commerce passing Looks 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8, and reported for Pool No. 6, Ouaohita River, La. and Ark. Lock No. 2 Lock No. 3 Lock No. 4 Lock No. 5 Pool No. 6 Lock No. 8 Calendar ear Shortv Short Shortv Short Short Short year Value t Value Value t Value tons Value Value 1925 ...... 4, 959 $836, 845 17, 140 $425, 101 10, 266$1, 139, 210 11,089 $137, 349 36,243 $237, 576 111, 200 $447, 631 1926-...... 4, 702 870,598 20, 833 2, 566, 197 23, 100 3, 193, 251 40, 515 353, 980 474 142, 200 62,979 472,288 1927......2, 929 542,177 15, 382 1, 279, 916 33, 876 2,373,449 18,127 240,190 456 127, 630 35, 271 323, 424 1928...... 19, 094 3, 010, 065 23, 530 3, 313, 598 31, 787 4, 038, 760 42, 393 424, 891 1, 374 166, 360107, 966 756, 756 1929--... 19, 494 3, 271, 350 34, 059 3, 697, 658 78, 500 3, 949,364 35, 787 926, 189 2, 061 330, 090143, 498 1, 702, 114 Of the tonnage reported for Lock 8, approximately 137,000 tons originated in the pool of Lock 6. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------- $1,890, 126. 83 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930----------- 50, 199. 24 Net total cost to June 30, 1930--------------------------_ 1,940, 326. 07 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930---------------------1, 638. 82 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930-----------------------1, 941, 964. 89 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930- 1 --- ---------- 116, 265. 70 Net total expenditures_ ------- -------- - - -1, 925, 699. 19 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_____----------_----------- - 75, 738.28 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 2, 001, 437. 47 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_ .........--- Cost of maintenance. .. .$153, - --. 423. 64 $139, 998. 96 $226,910. 87 $179, 771. 58 $153, 884. 98 Total expended. ----------------------- 131, 409.70 149,520.82 161, 957. 07 248, 018. 82 162,300.38 Allotted--------- ------------------- 153,000.00 140,000.00 247,500.00 175,000.00 200, 000.00 1138 REPORT OF CHIEF OP ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMYX, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929____-------- ------.. ----- $38,038. 66 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, sec. 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909 _____ 1 1 ___ __1200, 000.00, Amount to be accounted for------------------------------- 238, 038. 66. Gross amount expended-------------------------- $162, 718.88 Less receipts from sales ----------------------------- '418. 50 162, 300. 38 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930____ _____ - 75, 738. 28 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_----- _____-_ 21, 331. 83 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts_____________ 12, 313. 24 33, 645. 07 Balance available June 30, 1930________________----------42, 093. 21 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 _______ 1, 638. 82 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 ____ _____--- 43, 732. 03 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931----------------------------- 225, 000.00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931____________-- 268, 732. 03 4 TENSAS RIVER ANDI BAYOU MACON, LA. Loc tion and description.-Tensas River has its source in Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La., flows about 235 miles in a general southerly direction, and joins Ouachita and Little Rivers at Jonesville, La., in forming Black River. Bayou Macon rises in Desha County, Ark., flows about 270 miles in a general southerly direction, and enters Tensas River 42.7 miles above its mouth. The drainage area of these streams is about 1,750 square miles. Their combined discharge is at low water about 200 and at high water about 3,000 second-feet. They are alluvial, with slow currents, carry little sediment, fall about 4 inches per mile, and have an average width of about 210 feet between banks. Original condition.-Both streams were navigable at high stages but passage was difficult and dangerous on account of snags and lean- ing timber. Westwood Place, 81 miles above the mouth, was the head of navigation for all traffic on Tensas River, and Floyd, 112 miles above the mouth, on Bayou Macon. The channel varied in width from 75 to 500 feet, with minimum usable low-water depth of 1 foot. Previous projects.-The original project for the improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1881. Under this project the cost and expenditures prior to adoption of existing project July 5, 1884, were $3,000 for new work. (For further details of previous projects see p. 1871 of Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for the removal of snags, sunken logs, and overhanging timber on Tensas River from Dallas (now Tendal), La., to the mouth, 138 miles, and on Bayou Macon from Floyd, La., to the mouth, 112 miles, and for dredging the bars be- tween Chamberlain Bar and Kirk Ferry, in the Tensas River, 10 miles and 38 miles, respectively, above the mouth to a depth of 4 feet and width of 60 feet. At medium and high stages the channel under improvement in these streams has an average width of about 150 feet with minimum depth of about 8 feet. Floods ordinarily cause fluctuations of stage of about 45 feet between high and low water. Extreme floods occa- sionally increase the range about 10 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT 1139 The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1922, is $48,395, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. The latest ap- proved estimated cost of maintenance, made in 1912, is $5,000 a year. The existing- project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 5, 1884, provided for removal of snags, etc. (H. Ex. Doc. No. 38, 46th Cong., 3d sess.), and the act of September 22, 1922, provided for dredging the channel in Tensas River (H. Doc. No. 95, 67th Cong., 1st sess.). A map of both streams is published in the Annual Report for 1913, page 2336. Recommended modificwations of project. None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, required that local interests contribute $4,200 to be used for dredging bars between Chamberlain and Kirk Ferry. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement. The work done has made transportation by water easier and safer. The boating season has been prolonged by enabling water craft to operate at lower stages, and barging has been made practicable except at low water. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No dredging, chopping, snagging, or other work was done on this stream during the year. There were no expenditures. Operations consisted in the construc- tion of a quarter boat which is 76 per cent completed. This work is classed as maintenance and was done by hired labor at the United States engineer shops at Vicksburg, Miss. Condition at end of fiseal year.-The existing project is about 70 per cent completed. Westwood place on Tensas River, and Floyd on Bayou Macon, are the heads of navigation. In ordinary seasons a depth of 6 feet or more may usually be expected from January to June between the mouth of Tensas River and the places named. During the remainder of the year the depth is usually reduced to about 1 foot. A gage reading of 3.5 feet or more at Delhi, La., is favorable for light-draft navigation, and 6.5 feet or more is favorable for heavy-draft navigation on Bayou Macon. A gage reading of 20 feet or more at Clayton, La., is favorable to light-draft navigation, and 23 feet or more is favorable for heavy-draft navigation on Tensas River. The work remaining to complete the project consists in re- moving obstructions from Tensas River between Westwood place and Tendal (formerly Dallas), and dredging in that river between Cham- berlain and Kirk Ferry, authorized by the river and harbor ~ct ap- proved September 22, 1922. Cost of new work under the existing project to June 30, 1930 ------ $32, 862. 44 Cost of maintenance ----------------------------------- 77, 637. 56 Total cost ----------- --- ------------------- 110, 500. 00 Total expended ------------------------------------- 110, 500. 00 Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance will be applied to bank clearing and blasting channel obstructions between Delhi, La., on Bayou Macon and the mouth of Tensas River, using Government plant and hired labor, as follows: Outstanding liabilities ------------------------------------------ $8, 036.68 Chopping party, 1%/ months, at $2,500 per month------------------- 3, 039. 67 Total-- - - - - __,,_-__ - - - -- _______ __11,076.35 1140 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The amount ($5,000) that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, will be applied to bank clearing and blasting channel obstructions between Delhi, La., on -Bayou Macon, and the mouth of Tensas River, using Government plant and hired labor. No funds will be required for new work, as the local interests have not contributed the required $4,200 to be used for dredging bars between Chamberlain and Kirk Ferry. Commercial statistics.--The full available depth is required by all commerce using the improved section. Boats usually draw about 4 feet loaded. Practically the entire tonnage reported consisted of logs. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925 ...... ......-- ...-- 69, 526 $239, 706 1928--------------------- 50, 475 $286, 022 ........--.........----------- 1926------- 87, 956 342,340 1929.---------------------94, 329 489, 865 106, 563 677, 597 1927....--------------------.................. The freight carried during the calendar year 1929 consisted of wood products. As capacity loads were obtained on Ouachita River, no effort was made by packet boats to solicit business on tributary streams, as has been the custom in the past. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------------$35, 862. 44 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 77, 637. 56 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_- - -- 113, 500. 00 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930--------------7, 301. 71 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 801. 71 1--------------------------2 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 7, 301. 71 Net total expenditures-------------------------------- 113, 500. 00 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------- ----- 11, 076.35 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------- ---- 124, 576. 35 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .... ,--$ , 7.0 ..... ................. Cost of maintenance......----...--------------- $6, 277.02 $464. 61- ---- - $4, 000. 00 Total expended-....---------------------- 6, 277. 02 464. 61 _ _--....... 4, 000. 00 . Allotted--.....--------------------------------- ------------ $4, 000. 00 5, 500. 00 $5, 576.35 RIVERS AND HARBORS--VICKSBUTRG, MISS., DISTRICT 1141 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-----------------------------$5, 500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928----------------- ----------- $76. 35 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------------------- 2, 500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929--- ----------------------- 3, 000. 00 5, 576. 35 Amount to be accounted for-------------------------- 11, 076.35 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------------- 11, 076.35 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts--------------------- 8, 036. 68 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------- 3, 039. 67 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1932, for maintenance 1 5, 000. 00 5. BOEUF RIVER, LA. Location and description.-This river rises in Chicot County, Ark., flows about 300 miles in a general southwesterly direction, and enters Ouachita River at Sicily Island Gorge, 81 miles above the mouth of Black River. It has a drainage area of about 2,400 square miles. The discharge at low water is about 100 and at high water about 5,000 second-feet. It is alluvial, with sluggish current, carries little sediment, has an average fall of about 3 inches per mile, and an average width of about 225 feet between banks. Original condition.-The river was navigable at high stages for all traffic to Point Jefferson, La., 150.8 miles, but passage was difficult and dangerous on account of snags, logs, and leaning timber. The channel was from 20 to 500 feet wide, with minimum usable low- water depth of 11/2 feet. Previous projects.--None. Emisting project.-This provides for the removal of snags, logs, and overhanging trees between Wallace Landing and the mouth, a distance of 166 miles. The project was afterwards modified to in- clude the closure of three outlets near Point Jefferson. At medium and high stages the channel has an average width of about 200 feet with minimum depth of about 8 feet. Floods ordi- narily cause fluctuations of stages of about 30 feet between high and low water. Extreme floods occasionally increase this range about 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work for removing snags, etc., made in 1880, is $20,020. The estimate of cost for new work for closing the outlets, revised in 1928, is $15,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1881, provided for the removal of snags, etc. (H. Ex. Doc. No. 38, 46th Cong., 3d sess.), and the acts of August 5, 1886, and August 11, 1888, provided for closing the outlets (H. Ex. Doc. No. 99, 48th Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1913, page 2336. Exclusive of available funds. 1142 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Recommaended modifications of project.-It is recommended that this project be modified by the eliminatiqn of all work above Girard, La. (The abandonment of the entire project was erroneously recom- mended in H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.--None. Effect of improvement.-The work done has made transportation by water easier and safer. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 67 per cent completed. The removal of snags was completed in 1896 as far upstream as Point Jefferson, 150.8 miles above the mouth, which is now the head of navigation. The outlets were closed in 1887-88, but the dams were washed away in 1890. The outlets de- plete the channel and make navigation more difficult. The work remaining to complete the project consists in reclosing the above- named outlets. In ordinary seasons a depth of 6 feet or more may usually be expected between January and June from the mouth to Point Jefferson. During the remainder of the year the depth is usually reduced to 1 foot. A gage reading at Girard, La., of 3.5 feet or more is favorable to light-draft navigation, and 6.5 feet or more is favorable to heavy-draft navigation. Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------ $30, 000. 00 Cost of maintenance------------------------------- 98, 092. 87 Total cost----------------------------------------- 128, 092. 87 Total expended -------- ------------------------------- 128, 092. 87 Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance, $2,500, will be applied to maintenance of channels, by removing obstructions and clearing of banks between the mouth of the river and Girard, La., using Government plant and hired labor. The funds will be ex- hausted by June 30, 1931. The amount ($5,000) that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, will be applied to maintenance, in removing obstructions and clearing banks between the mouth of the river and Girard, La., using Government plant and hired labor. Commercial statistics.--The full available depth is required by all commerce using the improved section. Boats usually draw about 4 feet loaded. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925_--------------------- 4, 658 $68, 250 1928--------------------- 5, 060 $22, 011 1926 --------------------- 20, 362 88, 360 1929--------------------- 13, 500 67, 000 1927 --------------------- 9, 446 204, 624 The freight carried during the calendar year 1929 consisted en- tirely of wood products. No effort was made by packet boats to obtain business on tributary streams as capacity loads were available on the Ouachita River. RIVERS AND HARBORS--VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT 1143 Cost and financial szunmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 _ ----------------------- $30, 000. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------------- 98, 092. 87 Total cost of permanent work td June 30, 1930-------------- 128, 092. 87 Net total expenditures------------------------ ------------ 128, 092. 87 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------- ----------- 2, 500. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------- 30,92. 87 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.................... Cost of maintenance_-____--_--_---_---- I--- -............... -................. $5,970.80_--------- --------- ------....-----...... _ $3,923.65 _-______-_ Total expended----------------------- 5.978.00--------_--------3923.65 Allotted ..............--------------------------------- $4,000.00 --- -------........... 3,000.00 -$576. 3 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------------- $3, 076. 35 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act'approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------------- 2, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for--------------------------------5, 576. 35 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-------------------3, 076. 35 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------------- 2, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- --- -- 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 5, 000. 00 6. BAYOU BARTHOLOMEW, LA. AND ARK. Location and description.-This bayou rises in Jefferson County, Ark., flows about 300 miles in a general southerly direction, i~id enters the Ouachita River above Sterlington near Ouachita, La., 210.3 miles above the mouth of Black River. It has a drainage area of about 1,830 square miles. The discharge at low water is about 100 and at high water above 3,000 second-feet. The stream is allu- vial, with moderate current, carries little sediment, falls about 5 inches per mile, and has an average width of about 225 feet between banks. Originalcondition.-The bayou was navigable for light-draft boats to Baxter, Ark., 182 miles, for about three months of the year, but passage was difficult and dangerous on account of snags and leaning timber. The channel was from 100 to 200 feet wide with minimum usable low-water depth of 1 foot. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for removing wrecks, snags, etc., from the channel of the bayou and leaning trees along the banks between Baxter, Ark.p and the mouth, about 182 miles. At medium and high stages the channel has an average width of about 225 feet with minimum depth of about 8 feet. Floods ordi- narily cause fluctuations of stage of about 32 feet between high and low water. Extreme floods occasionally increase this range about 10 feet. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1144 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The latest approved estimate of cost for new work, made in 1880, is $26,862. The latest approved estimate for maintenance, made in 1921, is $2,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 38, 46th Cong., 3d sess.). A map of the stream is published in the Annual Report for 1913, page 2336. Recommended modifications of project. In the reports in House -Documents Nos. 1692, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session, and 467, 'Sixty-ninth Congress, first session, the Chief of Engineers recom- mended that the project for improvement of this bayou be abandoned. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The work done has greatly facilitated navigation. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1897. McComb Landing, 140.9 miles above the mouth, is the head of navigation. In ordinary seasons a depth of 6 feet or more may usually be expected from January to June between the mouth of the bayou and this landing. During the remainder of the year the depth is usually reduced to 1 foot. A gage reading of 31/2 feet or more at Wilmot, Ark., is favorable to light-draft navi- gation, and 61/2 feet or more is favorable to heavy-draft navigation. -Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ -- _____- --- - $45, 873. 53 -Cost of maintenance- -____------ ------ _____ _- 42, 857. 25 Total cost --------------------------------------- 88, 730. 78 Total expended ------------------- ---------------------- 88, 730. 78 Proposed operations.-There are no funds available and no opera- tions are proposed during the fiscal years 1931 and 1932. fCommercial statistics.-The full available depth is required by all -commerce using the improved section. Boats usually draw about 5 feet loaded. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925 -------------------- 1926 1------------........... 664 $3, 894 1928 1- 1929 ........ ---.........------------ ............ ..---------------------- 4, 121$28, 075 1927--------------------- 1, 958 71, 522 1 None reported. The freight carried during the calendar year 1929 consisted of logs, drilling equipment, and fish. Cost and financial summary 'Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------------$45, 873 53 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 42, 857. 25 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------88, 730. 78 Net total expenditures-- __--- -------- 88, 730. 78 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------- - 88, 730. 78 RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT 1145 7. SALINE RIVER, ARK. Location and description.-Thisriver rises in Saline County, Ark., flows about 300 miles in a general southerly direction, and enters Ouachita River 254.7 miles above mouth of Black River. The bed of the stream is principally composed of gravel; it has stable banks and bears little drift or sediment. It has a drainage area of about 3,350 square miles. The discharge at low water is' about 150 and at high water about 18,000 second-feet. The stream is nontidal, has a fairly swift current, fall in the lower section of about 9 inches per mile, and :an average width between banks of 130 feet. Original condition.-The river was much obstructed by snags, drift piles, and overhanging trees. Godfrey Landing, 10 miles above the mouth, was the head of low-water navigation for all traffic, but :at high stages flatboats could ascend as far as Hurricane Creek, 138 miles above the mouth. The channel was from 85 to 120 feet wide, with minimum usable low-water depth of 5 inches. Previous projects.-The original project for this improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act approved June 14, 1880. The cost and expenditures under this project prior to adoption of exist- ing project, June 25, 1910, were $21,500 for new work. For further details of previous project see page 1870 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of snags, sunken logs, etc., from the channel and leaning trees along the banks between the mouth and Turtle bar, a distance of about 135 miles. At high and medium stages the channel has an average width of about 130 feet and a least depth of about 4 feet. Floods ordinarily cause fluctuations of stage between high and low water of about 28 feet. Unusual floods occasionally increase this range about 8 feet. The latest approved estimates of cost, made in 1908, are $5,400 for new work, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, and $3,000 biennially thereafter for maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1212, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). A map of the stream is published in the Annual Report for 1913, page 2336. Recommended modifications of project.-The project is recom- mended for abandonment (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The work done has greatly facilitated the transportation of timber products. There is little general commerce. Operations and results dwring fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1911. Turtle bar is the head of high-water navigation. In ordinary seasons a depth of 6 feet or more may be expected from January to June from the mouth to Turtle bar. During the re- mainder of the year the depth is reduced to about 6 inches. A gage reading of 31/2 feet or more at Warren, Ark., is favorable to light-draft navigation and 61/2 feet or more is favorable to heavy- draft navigation. Cost of new work under the existing project to June 30, 1930-_... $5, 400. 00 Cost of maintenance --------------- 12, 791. 67 Total cost ------------------------- 18, 191.67 Total expended -- _----------------18, 191.67 1146 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 30 Proposed operations.-There are no funds available and no opera- tions are proposed for the fiscal years 1931 and 1932. Commercial statistics.-The full available depth is required by all commerce using the improved section. Boats usually draw about 5 feet loaded. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year 1925--------------------- () 1928--------------------- 1926---------------------(1) (1) 1929 2--------- 94 $21,700 1927---------------------...................... (1) (1) I No commerce reported. 2 No commerce reported above Stillion. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ---------------------------- $26, 900.00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 12, 791. 67 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_________--- 39, 691. 67 Net total expenditures_______--_ _ _- -_ ___-- 39, 691. 67 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------------- 39, 691. 67 8. BAYOUS D'ARBONNE AND CORNEY, LA. Location and description.-Bayou D'Arbonne is formed by the junction of three tributaries near Farmerville, La. These streams rise in Claiborne Parish, La. Bayou Corney flows about 76 miles in a general southeasterly direction; the middle fork flows about 55 miles in a southeasterly direction; and Little D'Arbonne flows about 56 miles in a general easterly direction. Below the junction Bayou D'Arbonne'flows 37.7 miles in a southeasterly direction and enters Ouachita River 189.1 miles above the mouth of Black River. The combined drainage area of the streams is about 1,400 square miles. The discharge of Bayou D'Arbonne below the junction is at low water about 75 and- at high water about 2,200 second-feet. The bayous are alluvial, with medium swift current, carry little sedi- ment, have an average fall of about 6 inches per mile, and average width between banks of about 260 feet. Original condition.--Bayou D'Arbonne was navigable at very high water and Bayou Corney at flood stages, but passage was difficult and dangerous on account of snags and leaning timber. Cobb Land- ing, on Bayou Corney, 57 miles above mouth of D'Arbonne, was the head of navigation for all traffic. The channel varied from 50 to 150 feet in width, with a minimum usable low-water depth of 1 foot. Little D'Arbonne was not navigable on account of heavy timber. Previous projects.-None. Ecisting project.-This provides for the improvement of Bayous D'Arbonne and Corney between the mouth of the former and Cobb Landing on the latter, a distance of 57 miles, by removing snags, 'logs, stumps, and leaning trees obstructing navigation. At medium and high stages the channel under improvement in these streams has an average width of about 125 feet, with minimum depth of about 8 feet. Floods ordinarily cause fluctuation of stage RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT 1147 of about 20 feet between high and low water. Extreme floods occa- sionally increase this range about 10 feet. The latest approved estimate of cost for new work in Bayou D'Arbonne, and about 3 miles up Bayou Corney, made in 1883, was $15,000; and for the new work in Bayou Corney alone, made in 1887, $8,000. The latest approved estimate of cost of maintenance in both streams, made in 1912, is $2,000 a year. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 5, 1884, provided for work in both streams as far up as Stein Bluff (S. Ex. D.oc. No. 69, 48th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of July 13, 1892, provided for extending work up to Cobb Landing (same document and p. 1489, Annual Report for 1887). A map of both streams is published in the Annual Report for 1913, page 2336. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The work done has made transportation by water easier and safer. The boating season has been prolonged by enabling water craft to operate at lower stages. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1896 at a saving of $4,000 under the estimated cost. Cobb Landing on Bayou Corney is the head of navigation. In ordinary seasons a depth of 7 feet or more may be expected from January to June within the limits of the project. During the remainder of the year the depth is reduced to about 1 foot. A gage reading of 3.5 feet or more at Farmerville, La., is favorable to light-draft naviga- tion, and 6.5 feet or more is favorable to heavy-draft navigation. Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------------- $19, 000 Cost of maintenance---- ----------------------------------- 37,100 Total cost ------------- ----------------------------- 56, 100 Total expended --------------------------- - 56,100 Proposed operations.--The unexpended balance ($2,500) will be applied to maintenance, removing obstructions in channel between the mouth of Bayou D'Arbonne and Farmerville, La., on Bayou Corney, using Government plant and hired labor. The funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The amount ($2,500) that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, will be applied to maintenance, re- moving obstructions between the mouth of Bayou D'Arbonne and Farmerville, La., on Bayou Corney, using Government plant and hired labor. Commercial statistics.-The full available depth is required by all commerce using the improved section. Boats usually draw about 3 feet loaded. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value . 1925-_..---- -------- -4, 070 $62, 120 1928 .. 4, 206 $18, 296 1926-- - ------ -- 868 26, 040 1929 . . . 29, 921 149, 605 1927.------- 11, 936 106, 141 1148 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The freight carried during the calendar year 1929 consisted entirely of logs. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ___--_------------------- $19, 000 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------------37, 100 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930__,-----__-- 56, 100 Net total expenditures_------------__ __- ----------- ___- - -__56, 100 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ------------------------------- 2, 500 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__----__ --____ 58, 600 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work... .... Cos w rk o ------------ ne -- -- -- --- ---------- ------- - .55 ---------- ------- Cost of maintenance-----------------------$500 ------------- $2,000 $ 2, 000 $ -2 Total expended --------------------------------------------- 2,000 2,000 -------- Allotted--------.--- -------------- ---------- - - -- -------- - 2, 000 ----------- $2, 500 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------- ----------------------------------- $2, 500 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------------------- 2, 500 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, - 1932, for maintenanne ------------------------------------ 2, 500 9. YAZOO RIVER, MISS. Location and description.-This river is formed by the junction of Tallahatchie and Yalobusha Rivers, in Leflore County, Miss., flows about 178 miles in a general southerly and southwesterly direction, and enters the Mississippi River at Vicksburg, Miss. Its drainage area is about 10,940 square miles. The discharge is at.low water about 2,350 and at high water about 35,000 second-feet. The stream is alluvial, with sluggish current, carries much fine sediment, falls about 3 inches per mile, and has an average width of about 500 feet between banks. Original condition.-The river was navigable for all traffic throughout its entire length (from the mouth to Greenwood, Miss.,, about 178 miles) at high stages, but passage was difficult and danger- ous on account of snags, stumps, and leaning timber, and wrecks of boats sunk to obstruct navigation during the Civil War. The channel varied in width from 120 to 800 feet, with minimum usable low- water depth of 2 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1873, and the total cost and expenditures under it prior to adoption of existing projects, March 3, 1875, were $39,023.06 for new work. For further details of previous project see page 1871 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of snags, wrecks, sunken logs, overhanging trees, and other obstructions throughout the entire length of the river, a distance of 178 miles. 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT 1149 The channel under improvement has an average width of about 500 feet and a minimum depth of 4 feet at all stages during the entire: year. Floods ordinarily cause fluctuations of stage of about 35 feet between high and low water. Extreme floods occasionally increase this range about 5 feet. The latest approved estimate of cost for new work to be finished in four years, made in 1874, was $120,000, exclusive of amount expended under previous project. The latest approved estimated cost of main- tenance, made in 1914, is $16,000 a year. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1875 (p. 364 of Annual Report for 1874). A map of the stream is published in the Annual Report for 1913, page 2336. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The work done has made transportation by water easier and safer. The navigation season has been prolonged by enabling boats to run at lower stages, and barging has been made practicable except at low water. Operations and results during fiscal year.-rom September 19 to- October 22, 1929, the U. S. combined snag and dredge boat Sunfower and attendaht U. S. quarter boat No. 9 worked over the river from Yazoo City to the mouth of Big Sunflower River, 45 miles above Vicksburg, Miss., dredging 3,385 cubic yards at Short Creek, 70 miles above Vicksburg, Miss., removing 2,356 snags and other obstructions,. and cutting 100 square yards of willows. The Sunflower laid up at Lake Dick, 48 miles above the mouth, until November 15, 1929. It then returned to Vicksburg, Miss., and laid up for repairs. This work is classed as maintenance and was all done by hired labor. The cost for snagging and chopping was $4,981.31 and for dredging was $1,195.21. Cost of maintenance__---------------------------------- $6, 176. 52" Total expended_------------ 6, 330. 15. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1888. The river is navigable throughout its length. In ordinary seasons the gage at Yazoo City usually reads 6 feet or more between January and June and depths exceeding 10 feet may be expected from the mouth to the head of the river. During the re- mainder of the year this gage frequently registers zero and depths of 4 feet or more are generally found. Cost of new work under existing project to June 30, 1930------- $320, 637. 64 Cost of maintenance-----------------------------313, 709. 05 Total cost ----- -------------- ---- 634, 346. 69 Total expended------------ ---------- ----- -- 634, 500. 32 Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance will be applied to maintenance, snagging, and dredging between the mouth and Green- wood, Miss., using Government plant and hired labor, as follows: Maintenance, dredging channels about 1/2 months at $5,000 per month---------------------------------------------- $7, 963. 65 Snagging, one month at $5,000 per month------ ------- ------- 5, 000. 00 Total---_--- _------------- -- - 12; 963. 65 1150 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The amount ($20,000) that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, will be applied to maintenance, using Government plant and hired labor, as follows: Maintenance, dredging channel, 2 months at $5,000 per month -----. $10, 000 ____---- Snagging, 2 months at $5,000 per month----- ----- ---- 10, 000 Total- ----------------------------------- 20, 000 Commercial statistics.-The full available depth is required by all commerce using the improved section. Boats usually draw about 4 feet loaded. About 82 per cent of the tonnage reported was timber and timber products. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925 1---........ 402, 438 $2. 214,165 _---- - 1928 4--- 110, 886 $696, 221 124 1926 2.......-------. 314, 448 2, 375, 854 _ .----- 1929a __-_ _ 64,824 548, 243 -.. 1927 8. 234, 449 3, 007, 670 31 cargoes in transit, SIncludes 148,040 tons, valued at $1,137,326. 1Includes cargoes in transit, 148,040tons, valued at $1,137,326. tons, valued at $1,286,170. S Includes cargoes in transit, 208,367 4 Includes cargoes in transit, 76,968 tons, valued at $241,640,450. * Includes cargoes intransit, 24,285 tons, valued at $241,331. A Includes 8,975 tons, cargoes in transit; valued at $238,812. The freight carried during the calendar year 1929 consisted of lumber and logs, stone, fish, and general merchandise. Cost and financial sum ary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $359, 660. 70 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__11 313, 709.05 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_.-__--- 673, 369. 75 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 --------- _ 201.93 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_______------------------ 673, 571. 68 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930----_----------- 48. 30 Net total expenditures --------- -------------- 673, 523. 38 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_________ - _________ __ 12, 963. 65 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930______________ 686, 487. 03 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .......... ...........-.---- -- Cost of maintenance.--------------....... $32, 097. 41 $12, 185. 41 $10, 676. 01 $19, 036. 66 $6, 176. 52 Total expended..---.------------------- 32, 097. 41 12,185. 41 8, 517, 54 21, 297.05 6, 330. 15 Allotted--------..................---------........----....14,000.00 15000.00 15,000.00 16, 000.00 3, 293.80 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ _____-__________ _____ - $16, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 24, 1930----------- ------------------------------- 12, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-__ 28, 000. 00 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment - -__ - 8, 706. 20 Net amount to be accounted for- -------- __ 19,293. 80 RIVERS AND HARIORS-VICKSBURQ, MISS., DISTRICT 1151 Gross amount expended-----------------------------------$6, 330. 15 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 12,963. 65 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance-------------------------------- 20,000.00 10. TALLAHATCHIE AND COLDWATER RIVERS, MISS. Location and description.-Tallahatchie River rises in Tippah County, Miss., flows about 230 miles in a general southwesterly direction, and joins Yalobusha River in forming Yazoo River at Greenwood. Coldwater River rises in Marshall County, Miss., flows about 125 miles in a general southwesterly direction and empties into the Tallahatchie River in Quitman County, about 115 miles above its mouth. The drainage area of these streams is about 3,500 square miles. Their combined discharge at low water is about 900 and at high water 16,000 second-feet. They are alluvial, with slow current, carry little sediment, fall about 23/4 inches per mile, and have average widths of about 300 feet between banks. Original condition.-Before improvement Tallahatchie River was navigable during high stages for all traffic to Sharkey, about 65 miles above its mouth, but passage was difficult and dangerous on account of wrecks and snags in the channel and leaning trees along the banks. The channel varied from 70 to 400 feet in width, with minimum usable low-water depth of 1 foot. Because of similar obstructions the Tallahatchie above Sharkey and the Coldwater River were not navigable. Previous projects.-None. Ewisting project.-This provides for the removal of wrecks, snags, sunken logs, leaning trees, and shoals between the mouth of the Talla- hatchie and the mouth of Coldwater River, a distance of 115 miles, and up the latter stream to Yazoo Pass, about 40 miles farther. While dredging is not specifically mentioned in the project, it is necessary as a means of maintenance and has been so authorized. At medium and high stages the channel under improvement in these streams has an average width of about 300 feet, with a depth of 10 feet or more. Floods ordinarily cause fluctuations of stage of about 35 feet between high and low water. Extreme floods occa- sionally increase this range about 5 feet. The latest approved estimate of cost for new work to be finished in two seasons, made in 1879, was $40,000 for Tallahatchie River and $25,000 for Coldwater. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance of both streams is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879 (S. Ex. Doc. No. 42, 45th Cong., 3d sess.). A map of both streams is published in the Annual Report for 1913, page 2336. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The work done has made transportation by water easier and safer. It has given year-round navigation from Exclusive of available funds. 11714---ENo 1930-----73 1152 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 the mouth of Tallahatchie River to Minter City, and has prolonged the boating season for the remainder of these streams. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The expenditures were minus $1,924.92. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1892 at a saving of $21,518 under the estimated cost. Marks, Miss., on Coldwater River is the head of navigation for boat traffic. The streams are navigable at all stages from the mouth of Talla- hatchie River to Minter City, Miss., on the Tallahatchie River, 42.4 miles. In ordinary seasons from January to June the gage at Swan Lake may be expected to read 6 feet or more, and depths ex- ceeding 5 feet are generally found between the mouth of Tallahatchie River and Marks, Miss., on the Coldwater River, 127.8 miles. Dur- ing the remainder of the year this gage reading falls to about zero, and minimum depths of 41/2 feet to Minter City and I foot above to Marks are normal. Cost of new work----.. --------- ------------------- $43, 481.48 Cost of maintenance------------------------------- 151, 566. 02 Total cost------------------------------------ 195,047.50 Total expended------------------------- --------------- 195, 047. 50 Proposed operation.-There are no funds available and no opera- tions are proposed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931. The amount ($2,500) that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, will be applied to bank clearing and blasting channel obstructions, using Government plant and hired labor. Commercial statistics.-The full available depth is required by all commerce using the improved section on these rivers. Boats usually draw about 3 feet loaded. C(omparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 19251 ...............----------- ------------ ------------- 19281........................ 1926 1------------- 1929 ....--------------------- 222 $55, 500 1927 1 ................ 1 No commerce reported. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------------- $43, 481. 48 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 19301--------------------------- 151, 566. 02 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930'-----------195,047. 50 Net total expenditures-------------------- ----------------- 195, 047. 50 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- 195, 047. 50 Fiscalyear ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of ew work-------------------- ------------------------ -------------- -- ------ Cost of maintenance.------------------ $14, 096. 28 ------------ $5,131.29----- ---- Total expended.. --------------------- 14, 096. 28 --- $3,348. 02 -10, 558. 34 -- 924.92 --$1, Allotted ..............----------------------------........ 000.00 -15,200.00 $6, -1, 145.06 --5,486.22 1 Includes correction to permanent work previously reported of $3,965.8& RIVERS AND HARBORS--VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT 1153 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-- ------------------------- $3, 561.30 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment----------- 5, 486. 22 Gross amount expended------ ---------------------- 1, 924. 92 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance ------------------------------------- 2, 500. 00 11. BIG SUNFLOWER RIVER, MISS. Location and description.-This river has its source in Mud Lake, Coahoma County, Miss., flows about 216 miles in a general southerly direction, and enters Yazoo River about 45 miles above its mouth. The drainage area is about 2,800 square miles. The discharge at low water is about 500 and high water is about 10,000 second-feet. The stream is alluvial with sluggish current, carries little sediment, falls about 3 inches per mile, and has an average width of 475 feet between banks. Original condition.-Before improvement the river was navigable for about six months of the year, but the channel was so much ob- structed by snags, sunken logs, leaning timber, sand bars, and shoals that in many places it could only be used by the smallest boats. Clarksdale, 196 miles from the mouth, was the head of navigation at the highest stages for all traffic. The channel varied in width from 150 to 400 feet, with minimum usable low-water depth of 1 foot. Previous projects.-The date of the original project was March 3, 1879. The cost and expenditures under this project prior to adop- tion of existing project March 2, 1907, were $101,637.44, of which $66,000 was for new work and $35,637.44 for maintenance. For further details of previous project see page 1871 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the improvement of the river from the mouth to Baird, a distance of 96.1 miles, by the closure of outlets, the construction of contraction works, and the removal of snags, sunken logs, leaning trees, and other obstructions; and from Baird to the mouth of the Hushpuckena, 75.3 miles, by the construc- tion of a lock and dam at Little Callao Landing and open-channel work, including dredging and contraction work. The principal fea- tures of the lock and dam are as follows: Number : 1. Location: Little Callao Landing, Miss. From nearest town: 17 miles. Above mouth of river: 62.5 miles. Lock: Width of lock chamber, 36 feet; greatest available length for full width of lock, 160 feet; lift at low water, 16.9 feet; depth on miter sill at low water, 5.1 feet; gates, wooden miter; character of foundatio, piling in sand. Kind of dam: Movable, Poiree, needle. Type of construction: Concrete. Percentage of completion: Finished, 1918. Actual cost, $402,288.40. The project proposes to obtain a channel at low water from the mouth of Big Sunflower River to the mouth of the Hushpuckena, a distance of 171.3 miles, with an average width of about 100 feet and a least available depth of 41/2 feet. Floods ordinarily cause fluctuations of stage between high and low water of about 30 feet. Unusual floods occasionally increase this range about 5 feet. 1154 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Exclusive of amount expended on previous project, the latest ap- proved estimate of cost of new work for closing outlets, made in 1906, was $75,000; for constructing lock and dam, revised in 1914 $500,000; and for open-channel work, revised in 1928, $186,700. k'he latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance by remov- ing snags, etc., is $14,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1907, provided for closing outlets, constructing contraction works, and removing obstructions from the mouth to Baird (H. Doc. No. 667, 59th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of July 25, 1912, provided for construction of lock and dam and open- channel work above Baird (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 2, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). A map of the stream is published in the Annual Report for 1913, page 2336. Recommended modifications of project.-It is recommended that this project be modified by the elimination of all work between Pentecost and the mouth of the Hushpuckena River. (The abandon- ment of the entire project was erroneously recommended in H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The work accomplished has extended low- water navigation upstream to Jones Bayou and has made the passage of boats easier and safer. Operations and results during fiscal year.-From October 22 to November 15, 1929, the U. S. quarterboat No. 9 worked over the river from the mouth, 45 miles above Vicksburg, Miss., to American Chute, 80 miles above Vicksburg, Miss., removing 1,944 snags, trees, and other obstructions. It then returned to Vicksburg, Miss., and laid up. This work is classed as maintenance and was all done by hired labor. Cost of maintenance--------------- - ------------------------- $2, 645.86 Total expended ---------- ----------------------------- 4, 948. 53 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The outlets were closed under the existing project in 1909 and the construction work was finished in 1912. The single lock and dam contemplated was completed in 1918, as stated in the table under existing project, at a saving of $97,711.60. The open channel work above the dam is about 20 per cent completed. The pool formed by the lock and dam in connection with open channel work now furnishes a depth of 4.5 feet to Pentecost, Miss., 124.5 miles above the mouth. The latter place is the head of naviga- tion for the entire year with only 3 feet available depth below the dam. When the water is high, however, boats can run to the mouth of Hushpuckena River, 46.8 miles above Pentecost. A minimum depth of 5 feet below this place may be expected from January to June, when the gage at Baird reads 100 feet or more. In that part of the river below the dam a gage reading of 69.5 feet or more at Holly Bluff, Miss., is favorable to light-draft navigation and 72.5 feet or more is favorable to heavy-draft navigation. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists of dredging the channel to a minimum depth of 4.5 feet from Pentecost to the RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT 1155 mouth of Hushpuckena River and depositing the spoil along the banks to contract the width of the river, and the completion of open channel work above Baird, Miss. Cost of new work under existing project to June 30, 1930_ ... . $494, 026. 65 Cost of maintenance - ----------------- -215, 459. 97 Total cost ------------------------------------- 709, 486. 62 Total expended ------------------------------------------ 742, 330. 37 Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance will be applied to maintenance, snagging, and dredging below Lock and Dam No. 1, using Government plant and hired labor, as follows: Outstanding liabilities--------- -- ---- ---------------- $629. 79 Maintenance, dredging channel, one month at $5,000 per month 5, 000. 00 ------ Snagging, about one-half month at $5,000 per month________ ____ 2,320.21 Total_ ------------------------------------------ 7, 950. 00 The funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The amount ($15,000) that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, will be applied to maintenance, using Government plant and hired labor, as follows: Maintenance, dredging channel, one month at $5,000---------------- $5, 000 Snagging, two months at $5,000 per month_________________ 10,000 Total ------------ ------------------------------ 15, 000 Commercial statistics.-The full available depth is required by all commerce using the improved section of this stream. Boats usually draw about 3 feet loaded. Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925.________ 143, 810 $1,117,071 ---- _ 1928........---------- 24, 285 $241, 331 18 1926...__________ 179,175 932, 662 1929-...---.... 9, 039 258, 812----------- 1927----------- 75,268 1,080,451 1,465 The freight carried during the calendar year 1929 consisted of lumber and logs, farm products, fish, and general merchandise. Cost and financial sumnary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------------------------- $560, 026. 65 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 1----------------------- 251, 097. 41 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 19301_--- ___ _ - 811, 124. 06 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930--------- 33, 835. 71 Net total cost to June 30, 1930- ------------------ 844, 959. 77 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 991.96 Net total expenditures_---_ ____ -------------- 843,967.81 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ ------------------- __ - 7, 950. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ..... - ____--- 851, 917. 81 1Includes correction to permanent work previously reported, $8,501.07. 1156 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work------ ----------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance---------------------- $22, 034. 48 $11, 258. 83 $8, 989. 36 ------------ $2, 645.86 Total expended......-------------...------------ 22, 034. 48 11, 258.83 22, 898.31 -- 8, 570.87 4, 948. 53 Allotted . . .----------------------------- 7, 000. 00 12, 500. 00 25, 700. 00 -3,000. 00 -3,172. 34 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929___---------------------------- $16, 070.87 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------------------------------- 7, 800.00 Amount to be accounted for ____---------------------------23, 870. 87 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment----------- ----- 10, 972. 34 Net amount to be accounted for ___------------ -- _ 1_2, 898. 53 Gross amount expended ---------------------------------- 4, 948.53 ------------- Balance unexpended June 30, 1930___ ---- 7, 950.00 Outstanding labilities June 30, 1930------------------------- --- 629. 79 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------------- 7, 320. 21 Amount (estimated) required to-- -be appropriated for completion of ----- --- -- - - --- -- --- ---- --- -- - - - - - -- existing project 150, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended- -in - fiscal year ending- - June --- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- --- 30, 1932, for maintenance 15, 000.00 12. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCK AND DAM, BIG SUNFLOWER RIVER, MISS. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for improving Big Sunflower River, Miss. See pages 1153 to 1156, where general information may be found. The completed lock and dam has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since May 1, 1918. Operations and results 1uring fiscal year.-The lock and dam at Little Callao Landing has been operated as required during the fiscal year and plant, structures, and grounds have been maintained in good condition. Fire protection facilities were installed. This work is classed as maintenance and was all done by hired labor. The total cost for the year was $7,473.15, of which $6,578.94 was for operating and care proper and $894.21 for improvement and reconstruction. The total expenditures for the year were $7,502.88. Condition ait end of fiscal year.-The lock and dam is in good condition. The dam is raised when needed during the low-water season, which occurs ordinarily between July and December. It provides a pool varying in depth from 22 feet to 1 foot for a dis- tance of 61.8 miles upstream when the gage at the lock reads 22 feet. During low water the pool extends the navigable portion of the river to Pentecost, Miss., 123.5 miles above the mouth. When river stages are high, usually between January and June, the lock and dam is not operated. The total cost to June 30, 1930, was $127,613.36, of which $77,354.36 was for operating and care proper and $50,259 was for improvement and reconstruction. The total expended to June 30, 1930, was $127,185.73. Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT 1157 Proposed operatio .- The lock and dam will be operated and maintained under allotment from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Comnnercial statistis.--All the commerce passing was carried in boats and barges. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925-................-----------------..... 3, 000 $232,902 1928--_------------------ 78 $10, 010 1926--............----------------....---... ,858 131, 766 1929------------------- 3, 982 102,775 1927--...............--------------....... 38 5,211 The freight passed in 1929 consisted of lumber, logs, machinery, and general merchandise; increase due to resumption of logging activities. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $127, 613. 36 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------------- -- 12. 87 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 127, 600. 49 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 414. 76 Net total expenditures---.---------------------------- 127, 185. 73 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 1, 719. 98 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 128, 905. 71 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work. -- Cost ofmaintenance------.------------------- ------------------------------------ $7, 473.15 Total expended... ..... . ._-_------- - $5, 595. 80 $11, 274. 97 , $11, 257. 04, $7, , 0 28 130. 8 7, 502.88 , ,, Allotted ....----------------------------- 7, 500.00 10,500.00 10,500.00 8, 000.00 7, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------- ------ $2, 222. 86 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909---------------------------7, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for _-- 9, 222. 86 Gross amount expended--------------------- --- -- 7, 502. 88 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-----------------------1, 719. 98 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-------- ------------------ 353. 75 Balance available June 30, 1930--- -------------------- , 366.23 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931--------------------------- 7, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931----------------------_ 8, 366. 23 13. STEELE AND WASHINGTON BAYOUS AND LAKE WASHINGTON, MISS. Location and description.-Steele Bayou rises in Swan Lake, Washington County, Miss., flows about 85 miles in a general south- erly direction, and empties into the Yazoo River about 8 miles above 1158 REPOT OrF ci~fEr PF NGINEERS, iU. 8. ARMY, 19 30 its mouth. The bayou formns the outlet to Lake Washington, with which it is connected by Washington Bayou, a waterway about 7 miles long. The drainage area of these streams isabout 900 square miles. The combined discharge is at low water about 50 and at high water about 3,000 second-feet. The fall is about 9 inches per mile at low water and the current is swift. At high water the fall is less than one-half inch per mile and the current is sluggish. The waterways are alluvial, carry, little sediment, and have average widths between banks of 150 feet in the bayous and 2,000 feet in the lake. Original condition.-The lower part of Steele Bayou was navi- gable for small boats and rafts a distance of about 7 miles above its mouth when flood water from the Mississippi River was backed up the bayou, but passage was difficult and dangerous on account of snags and stumps in the channel and leaning trees along the banks. The channel in the section of these waterways now under improve- ment varied in width from 150 to 2,000 feet, with minimum usable low-water depth of 1 foot. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884, and a subsequent modification was made. by the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886. The amount expended on these projects for new work prior to adoption of exist- ing project June 25, 1910, was $12,500. (For further details of previous project see p. 1872 of the Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for the removal of snags, logs, leaning trees, and other obstructions from Glen Allen, on Lake Washington, to the mouth of Steele Bayou, a distance of about 60 miles, during a period of about five years. At high stages the chan- nel width varies from 150 feet in Washington Bayou to 2,000 feet in Lake Washington, with a least available depth of 6 feet. Floods ordinarily cause fluctuations of stage between high and low water of about 35 feet. Unusual floods occasionally increase this range about 5 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1928, is $46,500, ex- clusive of amount expended on previous project. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 904, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). A map of the streams is published in the Annual Report for 1913, page 2336. Recommended modifications of project.-In report published in House Documents Nos. 1694, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session, and 467, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session, the Chief of Engineers recommended that work under the existing project for improvement of these streams be abandoned. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The work done has made transportation by water easier and safer. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 14 per cent cotmpleted. Snags and other obstructions have been removed from Steele Bayou between its mouth and Griffin Bridge, a distance of 42.8 miles. Glen Allen, on Lake Washington, is the head of high- RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT 1159 water navigation: When the Mississippi River gage at Vicksburg reads 25 feet or higher, usially between January and June, there is a minimum depth of 5 feet or more between Glen Allen and the mouth of' Steele Bayou. This depth is reduced to 1 foot or less during the remainder of the year, when the height on this gage is generally less than 20 feet. The completion of the project requires the thorough removal of obstructions from Steele and Washington Bayous be- tween Griffin Bridge and Lake Washington, a distance of 20 miles. Cost of new work under the existing project to June 30, 190------- Cost of maintepance----- ------- ----- -------------- $6,8, 549. 81 000. 00 Total cost _ ------------------------------------------ 14, 549. 81 Total expended---------------------- ------- ------------ 14, 549. 81 Proposed operations.-There are no funds available and no oper- ations are proposed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931. The amount ($2,500) that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, will be applied to bank clearing and blasting channels, using Government plant and hired labor. No work has been done for a number of years and the funds will be required to clear this stream of overhanging trees, snags, etc. Commercial statistics.-The full available depth is required by all commerce using these waterways. Boats usually draw about 4 feet loaded. About 90 per cent of the tonnage reported was logs. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925 -..... 4, 230 $20,255- -- -- 1928 ...... 10, 907 $84, 838 ..----------. S_16__ - 34, 756 225,612 - -. . - 1929 - ._____ 11, 070 173, 665-- 1927 - _ .. 21,198 1,332,035 6 Cost and financial sumnmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 --------- -------------- $19, 049. 81 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--__--__--___- - -------------- 8, 000. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ------------ 27, 049. 81 Net total expenditures-------------------------------------27, 049. 81 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_ --------------------- 27, 049. 81 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project______________________----- 40, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance ___-------_-__--------_ 2, 500. 00 14. MOUTH OF THE YAZOO RIVER, MISS. Location and description.-See report for Yazoo River, page 1148. Original condition.-The shifting bar at the mouth of this river was a most serious obstruction at low water and frequently caused entire suspension of navigation. This bar changed continually with the varying stages of the Mississippi and Yazoo Rivers, but in gen- eral was about 1.5 miles long at low water, with a channel approxi- mately 250 feet wide and a least depth of about 2 feet. Previous projects.-None. 1160 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Existing project.-This provides for opening a new outlet for the Yazoo River through the wrong end of Old River, across a neck of low land to Lake Centennial, around the head of De Soto Island, and down the east arm of Lake Centennial to the Mississippi River just below the city of Vicksburg. The total length of the proposed canal is 9.3 miles, with least width of 98.5 feet, and bottom of canal prism 6.5 feet below zero on the Vicksburg gage. The ordinary fluctuation between high and low water is about 44 feet. Extreme floods occasionally increase this range about 15 feet. The latest approved estimate of cost for new work made in 1893 was $1,200,000. The latest (1921) approved estimate for mainte- nance is $2,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 125, 52d Cong., 1st sess.). A map of the project is published in the Annual Report for 1902, page 1422. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The work accomplished has maintained an unobstructed entrance to the Yazoo River for commerce at all stages of water. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1904 at a saving of $20,789 under the estimated cost. The canal is navigable at all times, the minimum depths being generally about 6 feet greater than the simultaneous readings on the Vicksburg gage. The controlling depth during the fiscal year was 18 feet. Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----- ----------- ------ $1,179, 210. 87 Cost of maintenance -------------------------------- 81, 085. 31 Total cost --------------------------------------- , 260, 296. 18 Total expended ------------- --------------------- , 260, 296. 18 Proposed operations.-No funds are available for fiscal year 1931 and no work is contemplated during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-The full available depth is required by all commerce using this waterway. Boats ordinarily draw about 4 feet loaded. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925 1--...... 402, 438 $2, 214, 165 1928 ---------...... 81, 043 $1, 587, 821 169 19261 --- 240,154 2, 037, 752 ---------- 1929 _---------46, 758 564, 188 20 19271 - 253, 786 3, 739, 357 1; 632 IAll commerce in transit. 2 Includes 2,336 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $24,835, The freight carried during the calendar year 1929 consisted of lumber and logs, farm products, machinery, and provisions. Decrease due to fact that activities have not been resumed on Yazoo River and tributaries since flood of 1927. RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT 1161 Cost and finanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ----------------------- $1, 179, 210. 87 _ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 -------- --------- 81, 085. 31 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------1, 260, 296. 18 Net total expenditures- - -_ _------ _ 1, 260, 296. 18 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__----------------1, 260, 296. 18 Fiscal year endingJune 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 new work------------------------------------------- Cost of new work . ------------ ------------ Cost of maintenance.............................. ............. .. Total expended------------....................------------------ ------------------------ Allotted ......... $ 000.00- $3, .............-......... .-. --. .....-- 15. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doec. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928) ; collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine naviga- tion investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $4,721.89; the expenditures were $7,498.12. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930 will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $11,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and finanoia4 summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------- $7, 652.37 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 -------------- 12. 27 Net total cost to June 30, 1930________ 7, 664. 64 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930-------------------------- 250. 00 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930----------------------- 7, 914. 64 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930__-------------------- --- 390. 60 Net total expenditures-------------------------------- 7, 524. 04 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 4, 475. 96 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------------- 12, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work___ . .-.. - . . . . ..-.. - --. . - - - Cost of maintenance--.-.-.-....... .. ... ---..-_. ....----- _------ . _---.-.---- $2,930.48 $4, 721. 89 Total expended----.... -------------------------------------------------- . 25. 92 7, 498. 12 Allotted.-----.................. ............ .................................... 7, 500.00 4, 500. 00 1162 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. 4RMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__-- _____----------- $7, 474.08 Amount allotted from War' Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------------- 4, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for--______--- __________________ 11, 974. 08 Gross amount expended - 498. 12 7,------------------------ Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 4_________________ 4, 475. 96 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------------ 390. 60 Balance available June 30, 1930_ ------________--- _______ 4,085. 36 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930_ _____________ ____-- ---- 250. 00 Unobl'gated balance available June 30, 1930 ....-- .-- - 4, 335. 36 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, ' 1932, for maintenance 1---------- _____ 11, 000. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED MARCH 3, 1925, AND JULY 3, 1930 The local engineer was charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts approved March 3, 1925, and July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Red River, Ark. arnd La., from Fulton to the mouth. 2. Sunflower River, Miss. 3. Quirer River, Miss. 4. Steele's Bayou, Miss. 5. Deer Creek, Miss. 6. Red River, Ark., Okla., and Tex., from Fulton, Ark., to mouth of Washita River, O/cla. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT This district includes the Arkansas, White, and St. Francis Rivers and their tributaries in the northern half of the State of Arkansas, the northeast portion of Oklahoma, the southeast portion of Kansas, and the southern portion of Missouri; and the rivers in the western part of the State of Tennessee that flow into the Mississippi River. District engineer: Lieut. Col. F. B. Wilby, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Jackson, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Arkansas River, Ark. and 6. Operating and care of Locks Okla__ __________________ 1163 and Dams Nos. 1, 2, and 3, 2. White River, Ark_________- 1167 Upper White River, Ark___ 1182 3. Black River, Ark. and Mo___ 1171 7. Examinations, surveys, and 4. Current River, Ark. and Mo_ 1174 contingencies (general) 1186 5. St. Francis and L'Anguille Rivers and BlackfishBayou, Ark---------------------- 1177 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HALBORS-- EMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT 1163 1. ARKANSAS RIVER, ARK. AND OKLA. Location and description.-Thisriver rises in central Colorado and flows in a southeasterly direction to the Mississippi River, 37 miles above Arkansas City, Ark. Its length is about 1,460 miles, with 161,000 square miles drainage area. The minimum and maximum discharges at the mouth are about 1,250 and 800,000 cubic feet per second, respectively. It is navigable to Neosho (Grand) River, 465 miles from the mouth. Below this point its average fall is 0.7 foot per mile; its average width between banks 1,800 feet, and aver- age low-water width 300 feet. Its low-water bed is unstable, and rapid currents predominate at medium and high stages. Origial condition.-The channel was obstrcted by snags and drifts at all stages. During low water the channel depths were 18 to 20 inches in the lower reaches and 10 to 12 inches in the upper ones. Navigation was generally suspended from three weeks to three months of a year in the lower and upper reaches, respectively. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1832. Additional and modifying projects were adopted by river and harbor acts of April 8, 1876; March 3, 1879; June 14, 1880; July 5, 1884; August 5, 1886; and August 11, 1888. The cost and expenditures under these projects prior to June 30, 1902, the beginning of the existing project, were as follows: For new work: Construction of permanent works -------- $903, 311.93 For maintenance: Maintenance of permanent works _--------- $315, 817. 40 Operating snag boats __---__----.-.-- 1,031, 654. 13 1, 347, 471. 53 Total expended on previous projects-- -- __- __----2, 250, 783.46 For further details of previous projects see page 1872, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.This provides for improving the river from its mouth to Neosho (Grand) River (465 miles) by snagging and dredg- ing operations, by contraction works and revetments, and by a levee near Pine Bluff, Ark. (117 miles above the mouth). The dimensions of the channel are not specified. The several types of structures used in the improvement are shown in the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1902, page 1576. The ordinary freshet fluctu- ation is about 16 feet throughout the portion of the river covered by the project. The flood fluctuation is 60 feet at the mouth of the river, 32 feet at Little Rock, and 33 feet at Neosho (Grand) River. As the project is indefinite, no estimate of the cost of completion has been made. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $40,000. The existing project results from the combination of prior projects by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. To this the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, added a levee near Pine Bluff to prevent a cut-off (H. Doc. No. 71, 61st Cong., 1st sess.). Index to published maps of sections of the river is given on page 1171, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1921. Recommended modificatio of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, the St. Louis Southwestern Railway Co. con- 1164 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 tributed $39,858 as one-half cost of repairing the revetment at Pine Bluff, beginning at Mallory Ditch and extending about 3,300 feet downstream. Terminal facilities.-Other than a paved bank slope at Little Rock and private-owned log slips at saw and stave mills at Little Rock and sand derricks and elevators at Little Rock and Pine Bluff there are no terminal facilities. Those mentioned are adequate for exist- ing commerce. (For description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Natural depths are made available by snagging operations and the operations of boats made safer and easier. Bank-protection works at Pine Bluff and Little Rock have maintained the integrity of the channels at those places. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-All operations were for maintenance by hired labor and Government plant. The snag boat Arkansas was at West Memphis at the beginning of this fiscal year completing installation of new boilers. It resumed snagging operations at the mouth of Arkansas River on September 3. The season's operations were ended December 31, 1929, and the boat laid up at Pine Bluff, where during the lay-up period it was given annual overhaul and made ready to resume snagging operations July 1, 1930. During the season 717 snags, 116 stumps, and 6 drift rafts were removed from the channel between Kimbroughs and the mouth (85 miles) and 2,345 trees felled on caving banks. The costs for maintenance during the year were $29,610.26. The expenditures during the year were $31,904.95. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The construction of permanent works for general improvement of the river was suspended in 1902 and completion of the project is not contemplated. Of the works erected prior to 1902 only those in a short reach of river imme- diately above Little Rock and the bank revetment at Pine Bluff remain effective. The new works of permanent nature since then were for protecting a levee against caving bank and for preventing a cut-off. Dredging operations below Pine Bluff (1914 to 1916) did not give results commensurate with the cost. All dredged channels were obliterated by the first freshet following the date of dredging. As a consequence there has been no increase in depth for navigation. Snagging operations are the activities now relied upon to benefit navigation. They render it easier and safer, but because of addi- tional obstructions brought into the river by caving banks and shift- ing channels these must be repeated continually. Under average conditions 4-foot draft can be taken to Little Rock from the middle of February to the middle of July. From the middle of August to the middle of December the draft is generally limited to about 2 feet. Because of the rise and fall of the surface of the shoals with the rise and fall of the water surface there is no definite gage-depth relation. During this fiscal year stages suitable for navigation to Little Rock (177 miles above the mouth) by boats of 4-foot draft obtained from July 1 to July 31, then for a total of 29 days in five separated periods to December 31 then January 7 to March 14, March 20 to March 30, and May 5 to June 30. Although April is generally a month of high stages, the April of this fiscal year was one of very low stages, affording but 2 feet navigation depth to Little Rock. RIVERS AND HARBORS--MEMPUIS, TENN., DISTRICT 1165 The total costs under the existing project to the end of this fiscal year were: For new work: Construction of revetment in Trusty Bend----------------- $60, 000.00 Construction of levee opposite Pine Bluff__--------------- 55, 200. 00 Total----------- --------------------------------- 115, 200. 00 For maintenance: Operating snagboats -------------------------------------- 699, 957. 95 Maintenance of original permanent works, excepting those at Pine Bluff---------------------------- --------- 18, 771. 73 Maintenance of works at Pine Bluff- Levee ----------------------- --------- $16, 341. 89 Revetment------------------------- - 367, 911. 16 384, 253. 05 Bank protection at Little Rock-------------------------- 35, 559. 00 Hydraulic dredging ----------------------------------- 667, 744. 15 Total cost for maintenance-------------- ----------- 1, 806, 285. 88 Grand total to June 30, 1930------------------------ 1,921, 485. 88 The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $1,941,923.21. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($29,- 326.05), will be used in snagging operations over the used portions of the river in the summer and autumn of the calendar year 1930, and the care and repair of plant during the winter and high-water period following. The operations will absorb the unexpended bal- ance by June 30, 1931. The additional sum of $27,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, in channel maintenance by snagging operations and plant maintenance under approximate dis- tribution as follows: Snagging operations below Pine Bluff in the summer and autumn of 1931--- -------------------------------------- ------------- $21, 000 Care and repair of plant in winter and high-water periods following__. 6, 000 Total----------------- ---------------- 27, 000 Commercial statistics.--All commerce reported is affected by the improvement. Excepting local sand and gravel movement at Little Rock and Pine Bluff, the use of the river for commercial purposes during the calendar year 1929 was limited to the section below Bayou Meto (64 miles), where the movement, mostly saw logs, moved down- stream to Mississippi River points. This movement, amounting to 58,811 tons, was made 26.5 per cent in barges having full-load drafts ranging from 4 to 8 feet, and 73.5 per cent in rafts. The total move- ment of these freights was 2,191,859 ton-miles, the average haul being 37.5 miles. In addition, 175,710 tons of sand and gravel were hauled a distance of about 2 miles at Little Rock and Pine Bluff. The periods of controlling depths to Little Rock were as follows: 5 feet or more, January 5 to July 30, October 17 to 20, and December 18 to 25; 3 feet or more, January 1 to August 5, Septem- ber 18 to 23, October 16 to 22, November 1 to 15, and December 17 to 27; less than 2 feet, October 1 to 15. 1166 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1930 Distrbution of commtrce, eatndar year 1929 River Local Harbor Centered at Tons Value Tons Value LittleRock------_ ------------------------------------------------- 138,710 $104,032 Pine Bluff_--- -------------------------------------------------- 37,600 27, 760 Pedleton-------------------..................----------------- ------ 300 $1, 200 ---------------- Mississippi River point_..--------------------- 58, 511 199, 578 ---- --------- Total -------------------------------------- 58,811 200, 778 175,710 131,782 1 Comparative statement Calendar Total Total. Rafted logs, Calendar Total Total Rafted year tons value etc. year tons value logs, etc. Tons Tons 1922......---------.. 215, 886 $279, 965 11,224 1926_------- 284, 289 $518, 688 42, 016 1923----------.......... 234, 203 286, 213 12, 206 1927-_.-.-. 302,432 502, 520 95, 500 1924 ---------- 335, 336 466,059 31, 055 1928---------- 427, 649 645, 169 42, 909 125_---_-_-___ 301, 939 528,565 75, 918 1929_- -----. 234, 521 332, 560 43, 280 1Includes local traffic in sand and gravel. Cost andt financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------ $1,018, 511. 93 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ __-----------------_ 3, 153, 757. 41 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 -- ____- 4, 172, 269. 34 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930- -- ___-_ 22,114. 82 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 4, 194, 384. 16 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930_------ __--____ - - .45 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 ____ _______________ 4, 194,384. 61 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_______________1, 677. 94 Net total expenditures_____________ Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ - _______ -4, ___- 192, 706. 67 .................. 29, 326. 05 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 4, 222, 032. 72 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 C ost o f new w ork__ - --.- .-.. . . . . --. Cost of maintenance------........-..-.---. $24, 725. 49 $25, 008. 50 $23, 312. 0? $55, 673. 27 $29, 610. 26 Total expended_ __.... . ___ ---- _______.._ 24, 725. 49 25, 008. 50 26, 109. 77 48, 002. 92 31, 904. 95 Allotted-.......---------------------- 15, 000.00 35, 000.00 39, 700. 00 37, 500. 00 22, 696. 03 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 _ __________________ _ $38, 534. 97 Amount Allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930_-------- --------------------------------- 27, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for._____________------------------ 66, 034. 97 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment_______________ 4,803. 97 Net amount to be accounted for- ----------- 61, 231.00 Gross amount expended_----- - - _- - -- - -- 31, 904. 95 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ------ --- - 29. 326. 05 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT 116t Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------______--- ---------- $1, 677.94 Balance available June 30, 1930 _____ _____--------- 27, 648. 11 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930-------------------------------- .45 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930_----------- 27, 648. 56 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 1932, for maintenance ________________ 27, 000. 00 2. WHITE RIVER, ARK. Location and description.-This river rises in northwestern Arkan- sas and flows 690 miles, first north into Missouri, then southeasterly through Arkansas to the Mississippi River, 45 miles above Arkansas City, Ark. Its drainage area is 28,000 square miles, with minimum and maximum discharges at the mouth of 4,500 and 440,000 cubic feet per second, respectively. The river emerges from the hills at Black River, 264 miles from the Mississippi, below where it flows through an alluvial basin in a quite stable channel with average width of 625 feet between banks, an average slope of three-tenths foot per mile. In the alluvial section the currents are moderate; in the hill section they are rapid. Original condition. From the mouth to Black River navigation was badly obstructed by snags, drift, and fallen or overhanging timber. Above Black River it was obstructed by bowlders and some, snags. The maximum draft that could be taken to Black River dur- ing low stage was 18 inches; above that place it was limited to 8 or- 10 inches. Black River was the head of navigation for boats during low-water seasons. In high-water seasons, Forsyth, Mo., 505 miles from the Mississippi River, was the head of steamboat navigation. War Eagle, 634 miles from the Mississippi River, was the head of navigation for rafting. Previous projects.--The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871. Separate and distinct projects were adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 23, 1874, August 4, 1876, and June 14, 1880. All projects were consolidated by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884. The river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, reduced the scope of the then existing project. Dur- ing the period 1871-1884 the snagging operations in the lower river were in combination with those on other rivers, and it is not practi- cable to state the amount spent in White River for that class of work during the period named. The cost and expenditures on the previous project prior to com- mencement of existing project in 1899, which applied solely to White River, Were $366,000, distributed as follows: New work: For open-channel improvements---------------- $351, 740. 11 For special works at Batesville_------------11, 061. 46 362, 801. 57 Maintenance for open-channel improvement ---------------------- 3, 198. 43 Total------------------------------ --- --- ---- 366, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1171 4-ENG 1930----74 1168 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 For further details of previous projects see page 1874 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for channel maintenance between the mouth of the river and Batesville, 301 miles, by snagging and dredging and by contraction works. The stream has an ordinary freshet fluctuation of 15 feet throughout the portion covered by the project and an extreme flood fluctuation of 60 feet at the mouth, and of 36 feet at Clarendon, Newport, and Batesville. No estimate of cost has been given, and since 1899 the work has been prosecuted under annual estimates for maintenance by snagging and dredging. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $35,000. The existing project is authorized by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, which made appropriation for completion of prior project for improving the river from its mouth to Forsyth, Mo., and provided that the additional sum appropriated should be ex- pended " in the discretion of the Secretary of War." The river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, adopted a project for the improvement of the river above Batesville by locks and dams, thereby making that place the head of the open-river improvement project. Sketch map of Little Rock district printed in Annual Report for 1911, opposite page 1877, includes a sketch outline of this stream. Recommended' modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no public-owned water terminals along the river. Railway spur tracks are available for transfer of freights between car and boat at Newport and Clarendon. There are log slips for use of the owners only at those towns and at Augusta, Des Arc, Crocketts Bluff, and St. Charles. Steamboat warehouses are maintained at St. Charles and Crocketts Bluff primarily for the use of the owners. These, however, are available to the general pub- lic on payment of nominal warehouse charges. The terminal facili- ties are adequate for the bulk of the commerce. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Snagging operations have made naviga- tion safer and easier. Dredging, operations when carried on increase the length of channel for 3-foot navigation 37 miles during the low- water period in which the dredging is done. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-All operations were for maintenance by hired labor with Government plant and con- sisted of snagging operations over the river between its mouth and Rock Boat Shoal (266 miles) by the snag boats C. B. Reese and Tom Stallings. By those operations 1,579 snags, 17 logs, 320 stumps, and 6 drift rafts were removed from the channel and 914 trees felled on caving and sliding banks. The snag boat C. B. Reese was on the ways at West Memphis at the beginning of the year for replating about one-half of the bottom of its hull. Its snagging operations, beginning September 6 and ending January 10, covered the river below the mouth of Little Red River (183 miles). The snag boat Tom Stallings worked over the river between Little Red River (183 miles above the mouth) and Rock Boat Shoal (266 miles above the mouth) in July and August, in October and in December. The C. B. Reese lay at De Valls Bluff during the winter and high-water RIVERS AND HARBORS-MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT 1169 season, where annual overhaul was made and the boat prepared to resume operations July 1, 1930. The costs during the year were $42,340.35, all for maintenance. The expenditures were $16,165.64, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project being .for mainte- nance, completion is not contemplated. Only very slight traces of six out of eight wing dams built in the period 1890-1894 between Newport and the mouth of the river are visible at dead-low water season, and the effect of these on the channel is of no consequence. All channels dredged in the section of the river between the mouth of Black River and Batesville have been obliterated by floods, and there is no increase in channel depth over the shoals in that section of the stream. Snagging operations have materially improved the condi- tion of the channel from the mouth as far as the mouth of Black River, 265 miles. This river is generally spoken of as navigable to the mouth of Black River by boats of 3-foot draft at any time. The exception to this is a bar directly in the mouth of the river, where but 18 to 24 inches channel depth obtains when the Mississippi River and the White are both at low stages at the same time. Under ordinary conditions 6-foot draft may be taken to the mouth of Black River from the 1st of February to the last of June and again from the middle of November to the end of December. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, there was a total of 30 days in three separate periods in September and October when the depth over the bar at the mouth of the river was 30 inches or less. Once over the bar a draft of 5 feet could have been taken to Little Red River and 3.5 feet to mouth of Black River. Periods for 5-foot navigation to mouth of Black River were: June 1 to August 21, November 1-21, and December 15 to June 10. The total costs under the existing project to June, 1930, are: For maintenance: Snagging operations ____________________-- $504, 163. 33 Dredging operations------------------------- 15, 827.96 $519, 991. 29 Specials: Augusta, for prevention of cut-off --------------- 314. 84 De Valls Bluff, for prevention of cut-off--------- 883. 36 Little Red River snagging (1914) -------------- 500. 00 1, 698.20 Total costs to June 30, 1930--------------------------- 521, 689. 49 The total expenditures under existing project to June 30, 1930, are $576,391.06. Additional expenditures ($50,620.16) for the prevention of cut-off at Augusta are shown on page 1060, Annual Report of Chief of En- gineers for 1924, under appropriation title White River at Augusta Narrows. Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($40,336.56) will be expended for maintenance of channel by snag- ging operations below Oil Trough (25 miles below Batesville) in the summer and autumn of 1930 and for maintenance of plant in the fol- lowing winter and high-water period. These operations will absorb the unexpended balance by about April 15, 1931. 1170 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The additional sum of $32,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, in channel maintenance by snag- ging operations and for maintenance of plant under approximate distribution, as follows: Snagging operations below Oil Trough in the summer and autumn of 1931---------------------------------------------------- $26, 000 Care and repair of plant in winter and high-water periods following__ 6, 000 Total ------------------------------------------------ 32,000 Commercial statistics.-All commerce reported was affected by the improvement. The general classification of the commerce reported during the calendar year 1929 is: Forest products in barges, 61.2 per cent; forest products in iafts, 13.7 per cent; gravel, 24.1 per cent; and other freight, 1 per cent. The barged products were carried in barges that had a range of full-load drafts from 4 to 8 feet. The' total movement was 4,321,299 ton-miles and the average haul was 25 milBs. The controlling depths for navigation during the calendar year 1929 were: Four feet or more to Batesville, January 5 to July 15, November 1 to 6, and December 15 to 25; less than 2 feet to Bates- ville, July 20 to November 1 ahd November 15 to December 14; 5 feet or more to Newport, January 1 to September 1 and November 1 to December 31; 31/2 feet to Newport all the year; 6 feet or more to Clarendon, January 1 to September 1 and November 3 to December 31; 4 feet to Clarendon all the year. Distributionof commerce, calendar year 1929 Short Estimated Short Estimated tons Centeredat value Centered at- tons value Newport. _______________ 51, 010 $140, 866 Clarendon-................-_ 50, 257 $179, 832 Augusta - - __ ...30, _ 651 75, 875 St. Charles-... ........-.- 501 13, 250 Georgetown.-------- ----- 3, 674 12, 676 Mississippi River points-.---- 8, 072 36, 583 Des Arc_____________ __.__ _ 29, 360 98,292 De Valls Bluff__ _ 175 604 Total____ ___________173, 700 557, 97' Comparative statement Total Total Rafted Calendar year Total Total Rafted Calendar year tons value logs, etc. Calendar year tons value logs, etc. Tons Tons 1922-- __ _______-_ 141, 733 $890,524 14,782 1926 271, 132 $1,105, 637 64, 406 1.923------------ 253, 196 1, 253, 307 48,403 1927____________.. 149, 542 560, 403 44, 243 1924_____________ .254, 205 972, 999 64, 996 1928.-........... 153, 655 580,105 59, 830 1925....... . 270, 202 1, 036, 225 65, 257 1929_____________. 173,700 557,978 23,941 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930____________________________ $362, 801. 57 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__________________________ 524, 887. 92 Total cost of ptrmanent work to June 30, 1930----_-_-__ 887, 689.49' Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 -------- __ 56, 917. 51 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 944, 607. 00 Minus Accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------------- 2,215. 94 Net total expenditures----9-------- -942, 391. 06 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_----...---- - 40,336. 56 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930- -- -- 982, 727. 62 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT 1171 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------------------- ------------------------- --------------------- Cost of maintenance. -------------- _ - $42, 653. 82 $34, 796. 03 $40, 874. 12 $48, 782. 87 $42, 340. 35 Total expended_----------------------- 42, 653. 82 34, 796. 03 41, 233. 43 63, 844. 24 10, 165. 64 Allotted -- --................... .. ______.........__ 41, 500. 00 68, 000. 00 35, 250.00 34,000. 00 2p,832. 78 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--____----------------------------- $35, 669. 42 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------- --------------------------------- 35, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for__ --------- 70, 669. 42 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment------------------ 14, 167. 22 Net amount to be accounted for---------------------------- 56, 502. 20 Gross amount expended -------------- 16, 165. 64 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------------40, 336. 56 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1'930----------------------------- 2, 215. 94 Balance available June 30, 1930__ -- - --- - 38, 120. 62 Amount that can be profitab'y expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 -- 32, 000. 00 3. BLACK RIVER, ARK. AND MO. Location and description.-This river rises in Iron County, Mo., and flows in a southerly direction 300 miles to White River, at Jack- sonport, Ark. Its drainage area is 8,675 square miles with minimum discharge of 2,750 cubic feet a second and maximum discharge (esti- mated) 225,000 cubic feet a second. The river emerges from the hills at Poplar Bluff, Mo., 213 miles from White River. Below that town it flows through an alluvial basin in a generally stable channel with average width between banks of 120 feet to Current River, 116 miles. Below Current River the width between banks averages about .335 feet. Throughout the section below Poplar Bluff moderate currents predominate in medium and high stages. In low stages swift currents occur at the steep localized slopes over the controlling shoals. Original condition.-Snags and fallen timber reduced the natural depths by 3 to 5 feet. When unobstructed the ordinary low-water channel depths were 2 to 21/2 feet on the shoals below Current River (97 miles) and 18 inches to 2 feet on those between Current River and Poplar Bluff, 116 miles. Current River was the head of steam- boat navigation at ordinary low water. At high stages rafts and flatboats were floated from the vicinity of the Arkansas and Missouri State line. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of March- 3, 1871, adopted the original project, which was for snagging operations in ,combination with like work on White and Little Red Rivers. It is not practicable to state the amount expended under the project; however, it is known to have been very small. For further details of previous projects see page 1877, Annual Report for 1915. 1Exclusive of available funds. 1172, REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Evisting project.-This contemplates improvement of the river below Poplar Bluff, Mo., 213 miles, by snagging operations, by deepening the water on shoals by wing dams, and by concentrat- ing the water into one main channel by the closure of secondary channels. The stream has an ordinary freshet fluctuation of 10 feet at Poplar Bluff, 4 feet near Corning, Ark., and 15 feet at the mouth. Its flood- stage fluctuations are 19 feet at Poplar Bluff, 11 feet near Corning, Ark., and 36 feet at the mouth. The original estimate was $80,800, to be expended in two working seasons (.Annual Report for 1880, p. 1326). The river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, appro- priated an amount to complete the estimate and authorized main- tenance of the improvement. While dredging is not mentioned in the project, it is necessary as a means of maintenance and has been authorized. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $18,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 14, 1880, and March 3, 1881. (Annual Report for 1880, p. 1325.) The approximate location and course of the navigable portion of this stream are shown indistrict map (sketch) printed in Annual Report for 1911, opposite page 1877. Recommended nmodifications of project.-None. Local cooperaition.--None. Terminal facilities.-There are no municipal or public-owned im- proved wharves or landings along the river. Private-owned log slips or chain conveyors for the use of the owners are maintained at the several saw and stave mills. The facilities are adequate for the exist- ing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of imprrovement.-Navigation has been made safer and easier and the navigation period extended to all the year round, excepting for an occasional suspension because of ice in the winter months. Operations and results during fiscal year.-All operations were for maintenance by hired labor with Government plant. The operations were by the snag barge Harve Goodwin, which worked over the river between Black Rock (68 miles above the mouth) and Factory Bend (178 miles above the mouth) during the periods September 20 to October 10, November 1 to December 24, and June 1-30, and by the snag boat Tom Stallings, which worked over the river below Black Rock (68 miles) during the months of September and November. The results accomplished were 879 snags, 110 logs, 216 stumps, and 14 drift rafts removed from the channel and 865 trees felled. The costs during the fiscal year were $30,280.05, all for maintenance. The expenditures were $72,451.75, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project being for mainte- nance, completion is not contemplated. The wing dams built at two shoals and the dams built across the secondary channels at two islands during the early operations under this project are of no effect now. Of the channels dredged under later operations, only that at Julia Dean remains, and it is only fairly effective. Snagging operations have materially improved conditions and made navigation possible to Poplar Bluff (213 miles) by boats of 18-inch draft and to Current RIVERS AND HARBORS--MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT 1173 River (96 miles) by boats of 2.5-foot draft during low-water period. During this fiscal year the periods for 4-foot navigation to mouth of Current River were: July 1 to August 312 October 29 to November 22, and December 15 to June 14. The periods for 3-foot navigation to Poplar Bluff were: July 1-25, August 8-18, November 1-14, and December 15 to April 17. One and one-half feet was the controlling depth to Poplar Bluffs during the period of lowest water. The costs under the existing project to June 30, 1930, amounted to $80,000 for new work and $365,043.16 for maintenance, a total of $445,043.16. The total expenditures amounted to $530,932.45. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930 ($23,538.19), will be expended for maintenance of channel by snag- ging operations between the mouth of the river and Poplar Bluff, Mo., in the summer and autumn of 1930, and in care and repair of plant in the winter and high-water period following. These operations will absorb the unexpended balance by about June, 1931. The additional sum of $16,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, in channel maintenance by snag- ging operations and for care of plant under approximate distribution of expenditures as follows: Snagging operations from the mouth of the river to Poplar Bluff in the summer and autumn of 1931------------------------------- $13, 000 Care and repair of plant in winter and high-water periods following___. 3, 000 Total----------------- ------------------------------ 16, 000 Commercial statistics.-All of the commerce reported was affected by the improvement. The general classification of the commerce for the calendar year 1929 is: Barged forest products, 52.2 per cent; rafted logs, 39.8 per cent; building sand and road gravel, 7.8 per cent; and other freights, 0.2 per cent. The barged commerce was carried in barges that had full-load drafts of 21/2 to 6 feet. The total movement was 1,596,109 ton-miles, an average haul of 30 miles. The controlling depths for navigation during the year were 3 feet or more to Poplar Bluff, January 1 to July 20; 2 feet or more to Poplar Bluff all the year. Distribution of commrerce, calendar year 1929 Short Estimated Short Estimated Centered at- tons value tons value Poplar Bluff, Mo............. 6, 070 $48, 717 White River points......-------.. 16, 176 $86, 637 Pocahontas, Ark ...... - -_-_ 7, 729 31, 297 Brookings, Ark-_---- --- 23,968 87, 856 Total __-...... __ -- -. I 53, 943 254, 507 Comparative statement Total Total Rafted Total Total Rafted Calendar year tons value logs, etc. Calendar year tons value logs, etc. Tons Tons 1922.............. 86, 591 $375, 404 50, 359 1926------------............ 106, 710 $530, 433 48, 847 1923.............. 84, 460 368,410 47, 352 1927--..... .... 60, 127 249, 122 9, 285 1924-----.--._. 95,101 473, 018 37, 065 1928_-------------_ 49, 229 211,952 17,189 1925-----.............. 92, 599 448, 623 42, 162 1929-------------........... 53, 943 254, 507 21, 416 1174 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial summary ost Qf new work to June 3A, 130---- ---------------- 80, 000. 00 Cq of ~agintenance tq Jupe 30, 193 ------------------------ 365, 043. 16 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 _______---___ 445, 043. 16 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------------ 88, 469. 25 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 533, 512. 41 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1'930_ .. _____________f ff 2, 579. 96 Net total expenditures------.. 530, 932. 45 ----------- Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------23, 538. 19 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930______- ___- 554, 470. 64 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work......... Cost of maintenance ------------------ ..... $15, 251. 90 $18, 764. 98 $15, 368. 55 $6, 727. 14 $30, 280.05 Total expended___........ ._......___ ____ _ 15, 251. 90 18, 74. 98 15, 064.88 49, 926. 27 72, 451. 75 Allotted---------.--........- _ 18, 500.00 I45,250.00 30, 000.00 7,250.00 74, 590.14 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__ -_-___-___------------- - $21, 399.80 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--------------------- $20, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928------------------------- 58, 094. 40 78, 094. 40 Amount to be accounted for_-__---- ..... ---------- - 99, 494. 20 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-- -------------- 3, 504. 26 Net amount to be accounted for----- -- ___---- -- __- 95, 989. 94 Gross amount expended -------------------------- 72, 751. 75 Less receipts from sales---------------------300. 00 72, 451.75 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 23, 538. 19 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ---------------- 3, 012. 27 Balance available June 30, 1930 .----- ______-____--___- 20, 525.92 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June -- - - - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - - - .30, 1932, for maintenance 1- - 16, 000. 00 4. CURRENT RIVER, ARK. AND MO. Location and description.-This river rises in Dent County, Mo., and flows in a southerly direction 200 miles to Black River, about 5 miles above Pocahontas, Ark. It emerges from the hills at the State line, 41.5 miles above its mouth, and thence flows in an alluvial basin in a very stable channel with width between banks of 180 to 275 feet. Here its slope is about five-tenths of a foot per mile, its low-water discharge about 1,250 cubic feet per second, and its maximum flood about 120,000 cubic feet a second. The total drainage area is 2,800 square miles. Original condition.-The natural depths of the stream were not available for navigation because of snags throughout the entire river and of bowlders above the Missouri State line. Pitmans Landing, 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT 117& at the State line, was considered the head of steamboat navigation, although occasionally a boat went to Doniphan, 13 miles farther. Flatboats were run from Van Buren (94 miles above the mouth) and occasionally from Jacks Fork (33 miles farther) down to a steam- boat connection-Pittmans Landing in high water and to Poca- hontas, on Black River, in low-water season. Logs and ties were floated loose from points as far as 80 miles above Van Buren. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872. The cost and expenditures there- under and a further project adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881, were $7,000. For further details of previous projects, see page 1878, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the improvement of the river from its mouth to Van Buren, Mo., 94 miles, by snagging operations and by contracting the channel at the worst shoals by wing dams. The stream has an ordinary freshet fluctuation of 13 feet throughout the portion covered by the project and an extreme flood fluctuation of 26 feet at Van Buren, Mo., and of 22 feet at its mouth. The esti- mate of cost for new work is $10,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894 (Annual Report for 1891, p. 2065). A sketch map= of the river is given in House Document No. 157, Fifty-first Con. gress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Privately owned log slips and tie hoists for the use of the owners only exist at Van Buren and Doniphan. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been made easier and safer throughout the portion of the river included in the project. All-year-around navigation has been provided for boats of 3 feet draft to Duffs Ferry, 18 inches draft to Doniphan, and 10 inches draft to Van Buren. Operations and results during fiscal year.-All operations were for maintenance and were by hired labor with Government plant. The snag barge Harve Goodwin worked over the river below the Arkan- sas-Missouri State line (41 miles) in October removing 84 snags, 2 logs, 46 stumps, and 4 drift rafts from the channel and felling 32 trees. The costs during the year were $1,688.51, all for maintenance. By transfer of plant from this work to other works and by receipts from sales, the credits to this work during the year exceeded the expenditures by $16,247.95. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project being for mainte- nance, completion is not contemplated. Operations under the project have been limited to removal of snags and bowlders between Van Buren and Doniphan, Mo., and removal of snags below Doniphan. At the close of the fiscal year the channel obstructions are only those that have been brought in by late freshets. The controlling channel depths in low-water seasons are 3 feet from the mouth to White Horse Shoal, 31 miles, thence 14 inches to Caughorn Creek, 19 miles 1176 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 farther, and then 10 to 12 inches to Van Buren, an additional 46 miles. The costs under the existing project to June 30, 1930, amounted to $10,00 for new work and $105,870.76 for maintenance, a total of $115,870.76. The expenditures amounted to $115,870.76. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ($2,751.57), will be expended for maintenance of channel by snag- ging operations between the mouth of the river and the Arkansas- Missouri State line and in clearing channel at Hargus Eddy Shoal (6 miles above Doniphan) in the autumn of 1930. These operations will absorb the unexpended balance by about June 30, 1931. The additional sum of $3,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, in channel maintenance by snag- ging operations between the mouth of the river and the Arkansas- Missouri State line. Commnercial statistic.-Three thousand eight hundred and ten tons of the commerce originated above Van Buren, Mo., the head of the project for improvement. The general classification of the commerce for the calendar year 1929 is: Rafted forest products, 83 per cent; barged forest products, 6.5 per cent; and other freights, 10.5 per cent. The total movement was 141,286 ton-miles and the average haul 23 miles. Distribution of commerce, calendar year 1929 Centered at- Short tons Estimated value Centered at- Short tons Estimated value tons value tons value Chicopee, Mo___............. 3, 770 $45, 180 Black River points.....---------- 1, 891 $7, 077 Doniphan, Mo.....--------------- 553 10, 335 Total---------------- 6, 214 62, 592 Comparative statement Total Total Rafted Total Total Rafted Calendar year tons value logs, etc. Calendar year tons value logs, etc. Tons Tons 1922_________............. 15, 323 $92,197 14, 516 1926 ------------- 17, 669 $137, 239 12, 844 1923--------__...... 4, 886 27, 710 4, 658 1927-------------- 8,494 30, 955 1,172 1924_---------.- - 4, 875 44, 793 4, 200 1928-------------14, 056 132, 475 5,627 1925------------- 13,995 188,510 13,062 1929--------------6,214 62,592 5.160 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ ______ $17, 000. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------105, 870. 76 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_-___- -___ 122, 870. 76 Net total expenditures -__---- ____________--___ 122, 870. 76 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ________ 2, 751.57 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930- -__-- ____- 125, 622. 33 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ------ -- -- - -- -- -- - Cost of maintennce------------------$3, 513.71 $4, 947.89 $3, 255.64 $4, 343.82 $1, 688. 51 Total expended... --. --.-.-........... _ 3, 513. 71 4, 947. 89 3, 141, 48 22, 035. 58 -16, 247.95 Allotted----..---.---........... -4,000.00 19, 100. 00 3, 250. 00 9, 250. 00 -20, 162. 67 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT 1177 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__ __--------------- ----- $6, 666. 29 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ____- _--_------------------ 2, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for-- ------------------ 9,166. 29 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment--------------- 22, 662. 67 Net amount to be accounted for-------------------- -- 13,496. 38 Gross amount expended-------------------------$16, 172.95 Less receipts from sales____ ____------ 75. 00 --------------- -16, 247.95 -6~19 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930____-------------- 2, 751. 57 Amount that can be profitably- - expended in fiscal year ending June - --------- -------- 30, 1932, for maintenance ______ ______ 3, 500. 00 5. ST. FRANCIS AND L'ANGUILLE RIVERS AND BLACKFISH BAYOU, ARK. Location and description.-The St. Francis River rises in St. Francois County, Mo., and flows in a southerly direction 460 miles to the Mississippi River, 8 miles above Helena, Ark. It enters the alluvial valley of the Mississippi River through a gap in Crowleys Ridge at the town of St. Francis, 256 miles from the Mississippi. Thence it flows through the Sunken Lands for 83 miles in poorly defined channels, badly obstructed by aquatic growths, with banks so low that they are submerged for the greater part of the year, and with low-water widths ranging from one-fourth to 1 mile. The river begins to leave these swamp conditions at Claunch (Lesters Land- ing), 191 miles from the Mississippi, with a gradual betterment of channel until it finally emerges from them at 158 miles from the Mississippi and 9 miles above Marked Tree, Ark. Below Marked Tree the river flows between well-defined banks, averaging about 18 feet high and 200 feet apart at Marked Tree and increasing to a height of 45 feet and to a width apart of 1,000 feet at the mouth. The total drainage area is 9,500 square miles, with low-water flow of about 850 cubic feet a second at the mouth. There is no informa- tion of flood flows at the mouth. The flood flow of 1907 at Marked Tree-the highest there prior to April, 1927, when not carrying Mississippi River overflow-is esti- mated as about 33,000 cubic feet a second. Drainage and flood- protection works in Little River and St. Francis River basins north of Marked Tree are changing the flood rates. The flood of January, 1927, at that vicinity is estimated from rating curve as about 35,000 cubic feet a second, and the one of April, 1927, as about 39,000 cubic feet per second. The L'Anguille River has its source in the flat lands of Poinsett and Craighead Counties, Ark., whence it flows in a southerly direc- tion, cutting through Crowleys Ridge and entering the St. Francis Basin at Marianna and flowing into the St. Francis River 12 miles above the mouth of the latter. It has a drainage area of 975 square miles, practically all of which lies west of Crowleys Ridge. In the section below Marianna the width between banks averages 175 feet, the low-water flow about 60 second-feet, and the range between high and low water is 53 feet. This range is due entirely to backwater from the Mississippi River. Exclusive of available funds. 1178 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Blackfish Bayou rises in the west-central portion of Crittenden County, Ark., flows in a southwesterly direction, and empties into the St. Francis River about 38 miles above the latter's mouth. Its drainage basin-all flat alluvial land-has an area of about 510 square miles. From the St. Francis River up to the mouth of Fifteen-mile Bayou-6 miles-the Blackfish Bayou has low-water widths of 125 to 150 feet and controlling low-water depths of about 2 feet for the lower half of the distance and 8 to 10 inches for the upper half. Above the mouth of Fifteen-mile Bayou it is narrow, crooked, and shallow. The low-water flow does not exceed 50 second- feet. There is no information available regarding the discharge at higher stages, which are dependent upon backwater from the St. Francis and Mississippi Rivers. Original condition.-Navigation on the St. Francis River below the Sunken Lands depended largely upon the stage of the Missis- sippi River. At high stages boats were able to reach Claunch (Les- ters Landing); at medium stages they could reach Marked Tree; at low stages the river was not usable by boats, the channel depths be- ing but 10 to 12 inches. Snags and sunken timber were the principal obstructions. From Claunch to head of Varney River, 46 miles, the river was not navigable because of aquatic growths and fallen tim- ber. From head of Varney River to Wappapello, 101 miles, the river was navigable by boats at medium and high stages, but badly choked with snags, drift jams, and overhanging timber. From about 40 miles above Wappapello it was usable for floating logs and ties. The L'Anguille River was much obstructed by snags and fallen timber, and its navigability was dependent upon the backwater from the Mississippi River. Marianna was the head of navigation, to, which place boats of 3 feet draft could go when the Mississippi River was 15 or 16 feet above low stage. Blackfish Bayou was dependent for its navigability upon the back- water of either the St. Francis or the Mississippi River. It was: obstructed by snags, fallen timber, and overhanging trees. French- man Bayou, 21/2 miles above the mouth, was the head of navigation for boats of 11/2 feet draft at ordinary low water and for boats of 4 feet draft at medium stage. Fifteen-mile Bayou, 6 miles above the mouth, was the head of navigation for all boats during high and flood stages, when boats of 5 to 7 feet draft could reach that point. Logs were floated down from points 20 to 25 miles farther up the stream. All navigation above Frenchman Bayou ceased when the, river was at 6-foot stage or lower. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement of St. Francis River was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871. For the period 1873-1882 the appropriations for the work were made in connection with White River, Ark., with no stated distribution of funds. Modifying or separate projects were adopted by river and harbor acts of June 14, 1880; July 5, 1884; August 11, 1888; June 13, 1902; the latter adding L'Anguille River to the im- provement. The expenditures for St. Francis River alone can not be stated for the period of its combination with White River nor during its combination with L'Anguille. The cost and expenditures that applied solely to the St. Francis River in Arkansas for the period 1871-1902 were $75,000.34. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT 1179 The original project for L'Anguille River was adopted by river and harbor act of June 18, 1878. The cost and expenditures under that project were $17,000. This improvement was added to St. Francis River improvement by river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. It is not practicable to state expenditures solely on L'Anguille dur- ing its combination with St. Francis River. The cost and expendi- tures on it and St. Francis River to adoption of existing project in 1919 were $86,345.15. The original project for Blackfish Bayou was adopted by river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. (H. Do. No. 73, 65th Cong., 1st sess.) The cost and expenditures under that project were $4,000. The total cost and expenditures under such previous projects as applied solely to St. Francis River in Arkansas and to L'Anguille River and Blackfish Bayou prior to adoption of existing project in 1919 were $92,000.34 for new work and $90,345.15 for maintenance, a total of $182,345.49. For further details of previous projects see pages 1878 and 1879, Annual Report for 1915, and page 1147, Annual Report for 1918. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of snags in St. Francis River from its mouth to Marked Tree, in L'Anguille River from its mouth to Marianna, and in Blackfish Bayou from its mouth to Fifteen-mile Bayou, with the object of maintaining the channels clear of snags and similar obstructions at the lowest navigable stage. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,500. Within the limits of the project the St. Francis River has an ordi- nary freshet fluctuation of about 12 feet when not affected by back- water from the Mississippi River. The extreme flood fluctuation is about 26 feet at Marked Tree, gradually increasing to 60 feet at the mouth. These extreme flood fluctuations are produced by overflow and backwater from the Mississippi River. When not influenced by the flood stages of that river the maximum stage of the St. Francis below Marked Tree does not exceed 20 feet. The ordinary freshet fluctuation of L'Anguille River is about 6 feet and extreme flood range 50 feet at Marianna; this latter, however, is due to backwater from the Mississippi River. L'Anguille River when uninfluenced by the Mississippi River never has a fluctuation exceeding 12 feet. The fluctuation of stage in Blackfish Bayou is about 48 feet, due entirely to backwater from the Mississippi River. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919. (H. Doc. No. 60, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) The latest published map of these streams is in that document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no municipal or public-owned im- proved wharves or landings along the river. At Parkin a railroad- owned log slip provides a means of transfer of rafted commerce to railway car. Log slips or chain conveyors for the use of the indi- viduals owning them exist at the several mills along the river. The present terminal facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) 1180 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Effect of improvement.-The principal benefit derived has been the lengthening of the navigation periods by reason of making the natural depths available for navigation at lower stages. Operations and results during fiscal year.-All operations were for maintenance by hired labor with Government plant. The snag barge Stephen Anderson worked over the St. Francis River below Marked Tree, and over Blackfish Bayou below Fifteen-mile Bayou during the period August 20 to December 8. Five hundred and ninety-eight snags, 329 saw logs, 48 stumps, and 9 drift rafts were removed from the channel and 759 trees felled on caving or sliding banks. In Blackfish Bayou, 8 snags and 11 saw logs were removed from the channel and 12 overhanging trees felled. The costs during the fiscal year were $8,739.50, all for maintenance. The expenditures were $8,476.86. Condition at end of fscal year.-Snagging operations have been the only activities under existing or previous projects. The channels within the limits of the project are in good condition for navigation during medium and higher stages. At low stages snags are the prin- cipal obstructions. Under average conditions boats of 4-foot draft can ply St. Francis River to Marked Tree until the middle of July,. and boats of 2-foot draft until the latter part of August each year. During period of lowest water, which generally occurs in October and November, channel depths do not exceed 12 to 16 inches in any part of the river. The low-water depths in Blackfish Bayou to Fifteen-mile Bayou and in L'Anguille River to Marianna are but 8 to 10 inches. The navigation periods on those streams are con- trolled in the main by backwater stages from the Mississippi River. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, 4-foot draft could have been taken to Marked Tree during the periods July 1 to August 4, August 12, 20, and December 22 to June 6. During the months of September, October, and November the draft was limited to 2 feet. In L'Anguille River 4-foot draft could have been taken to Marianna during the periods July 1 to August 18, October 15-19, November 4 to June 7, and June 24-30. The costs and expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1930, all for maintenance, were: Costs --------------------------------------------- $86, 394. 87 Expenditures ------------------------------------------------- 102, 499. 87 Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ($8,709.88), will be expended in maintenance of channel by snagging operations over the limits of the projects for these three rivers in the summer and autumn of 1930, and for care and repair of plant in the winter and high-water period following under approximate distribution of expenditures as follows: For snagging operations------------------------------------------- $6, 900 For care and repair of plant--------------------------------_ _ 1, 600 8, 500 These operations will leave an unexpended balance of about $200 June 30, 1931. The additional sum of $7,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, in channel and plant maintenance under approximate distribution of expenditures as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT 1181 Snagging operations in summer and autumn of 1931 __-..___x__--- $6, 500 Care and repair of plant in winter and high-water period following-- 1, 000 7, 500 Commerciaalstatistics.-No report was received of any commerce on Blackfish Bayou. During the calendar year 1929 all of the portions of the three rivers covered by this project were used by navigation interests, and in addition 116 miles of the St. Francis River im- mediately above Marked Tree, the head of the project. The total movement was 6,953,481 ton-miles and the average haul 38 miles. Of the total movement 855,800 ton-miles were over the river above Marked Tree, the head of the project, with average haul of 22 miles and consisted of rafts from various points as far as Lake City. No separation is made of the commerce on the three rivers. The major portion of that terminating at Marianna passes over a portion of the St. Francis River; therefore, to show the tonnage on each separately would involve a duplication of tonnage. The commerce for the calendar year 1929 was: Logs, piles, and railway ties, either towed or floated in raft, 94 per cent; barged logs, 5 per cent; and other barged freight, 1 per cent. The barged traffic was carried in barges that had a full-load draft of 5.5 feet to 6 feet. The controlling depths for navigation to Marked Tree this calendar year were: 5 feet or more January 1 to June 30; 3 feet or more January 1 to July 10 and December 23 to 31; less than 2 feet October 1 to November 10. Distribution of commerce, calendar year 1929 Centered at- Short Estimated Short Estimated tons value centered at- tons value Marked Tree-. __------- 18,899 84, 780 $74, 347 344, 925 Marianna- -------- Mississippi River points- ... .56, 572 7, 648 $228, 926 25, 585 Parkin _ _------------- Madison------------------ 12,601 111,178 Cody-.. ----------------- 5, 000 19, 250 Total.-------------- 185, 500 804, 211 Comparative statement Total Total Rafted Total Total Rafted Calendar year tons value logs, etc. Calendar year tons value logs, etc. Tons Tons 1922.............. 237, 206 $1, 168, 685 229, 385 1926__------- _ 157, 567 $804, 069 148, 678 1923 --.............. 237, 820 1,062, 905 225, 654 1927..... ....... _ 129, 641 643, 098 117, 106 1924 --.............. 199, 705 961, 211 197, 857 1928__.----.------ 134, 125 701, 443 131, 520 1925.............. 126, 759 783, 403 150, 348 1929-.........-----------..... 185, 500 804, 211 174, 346 Cost and ftnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ $92, 000.34 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__------------------------_ 176, 740. 02 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930______________ 268, 740. 36 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930__-----_____ 16, 535. 64 Net total cost to June 30, 193011111111111111111 1 285, 276. 00 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 430. 64 Net total expenditures--------,_ -- _284, 845.36 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ---------------------------- 8, 709.88 ...--------... Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--- 293, 555. 24 118. REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. AIMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--------.... -----------.---------------------------------------- --------- Cost of maintenance------------------- $8, 550. 06 $8,169. 70 $8,977. 94 $12, 183. 00 $8, 739. 50 Total expended---------------------------- 8, 550. 06 8, 169. 70 8, 576. 90 27, 821. 61 8, 476. 86 Allotted.....-----......-- ------------------------ 8, 300. 00 13, 250. 00 21, 966. 71 9, 000. 00 8,801.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ _ ___----------------- $8, 385.74 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930_------------------------------ $8, 500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927------------------------------ 1, 000. 00 9, 500.00 Amount to be accounted for_--_ ----------------------- 17, 885. 74 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment 99. 00 6------------------- Net amount to be accounted for____-- ----------- - 1-- 17,186. 74 Gross amount expended --------------------------------- 8, 676. 86 :Less receipts from sales-------------------------------- 200. 00 8, 476. 86 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 --- 8--------------- 8, 709. 88 -Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_------------------------------- 761. 75 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------------- __- 7, 948. 13 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance---------------------------------------- 7, 500. 00 6. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS NOS. 1, 2, AND 3, UPPER WHITE RIVER, ARK. Location and description.-These works are on the White River, Ark., No. 1 being 1 mile below Batesville, Ark., and Nos. 2 and 3 being 7.8 and 19.7 miles, respectively, above that city. The drainage basin is hilly to mountainous and the river is a flashy one. The high-water season generally occurs between February and June. Freshets have occurred in all the months of the year. The highest flood of record occurred in January-February, 1916. The depth of this flood on the crest of the dams was 25.1 feet on Dam No. 1, 26.3 feet on Dam No. 2, and 31.2 feet on Dam No. 3. The range between high and low water just below each of the dams is 37.9 feet at Dam No. 1, 36.5 feet at Dam No. 2, and 46.1 feet at Dam No. 3. The pinimum and maximum discharges at Dam No. 3 (drainage area 10,550 square miles) are 1,150 cubic feet a second and 303,000 cubic feet a second, respectively. Original condition.-See Original condition of White River, page 1167. Previous projects.-See Previous projects of White River, page 1874, Annual Report for 1915. Ewisting project.-This provides for the construction of 10 fixed dams with concrete locks to give 4 feet navigation the year around. The river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, after providing for the completion of the third lock and dam, abandoned further construc- 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT 1183 tion work, its language fixing the appropriation carried therein as the final one. The stream is nontidal, with an ordinary freshet fluc- tuation of 16 to 18 feet, and with an extreme flood fluctuation of 38 feet just below Lock No. 1 and of 51 feet at Calico Rock, 39 miles above Lock No. 3. The estimated cost for the 10 locks and dams originally projected was $1,600,000. The maintenance of the three that have been constructed is provided for under the permanent in- definite fund for operation and care of canals and other works of navigation under varying annual estimates. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 78, 54th Cong., 2d sess.). The river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, directed the abandonment of further new work on the project (H. Doc. No. 150, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The locations, dimensions, etc., of the three completed locks and dams are as follows: Lock No. 1 Lock No. 2 Lock No. 3 Location ___--------------------------- Batesville- ..... Earnheart_...... _ Walls Ferry. Distance from mouth of river------------ 300. 6 miles-.....--- 309.4 miles .... 321. 3 miles. Dimensions of locks: Length available __------------------- 147 feet.......---------- 147 feet.......---------- 147 feet. Width between walls______------__ 36 feet.........---------- 36 feet..--------...... 36 feet. Lift at low water_------------------- 13.5 feet.....--------- 14 feet...---------- 15 feet. Depth on lower sill----------------- 5.5 feet.......----------... 5 feet ....-----------. 4 feet. Depth on upper sill-_ ----.------- 5 feet-- do...._..5 ....----------- feet. Foundations............-------------------- Bedrock .....--------- Bedrock------....-- Bedrock. Dams: Kind of........------------------------------ Fixed........-----------... Fixed........-----------. Fixed. Type of construction_ -------------- Timber crib filled Timber crib filled Timber crib filled with stone. with stone. with stone. Length of-___ .--.---------------- __ 660.5 feet .--------. 658 feet .......----------.. 750.7 feet. Date of completion__ __-------------------- 1904_------------ ___ 1905 ------------ 1908. - Cost of construction-- ------------------ $278,587.56-........ $297,627.94 ...... __$236, 981. 31. All dams are with concrete caps. The approximate location of these locks and dams is shown on district map (sketch) printed in Annual Report for 1911, opposite page 1877. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no municipal or publicly owned improved wharves or landings. Log slips, derricks, and conveyors exist at the several woodworking establishments, all for. the indi- vidual use of the owners. The terminal facilities are adequate for the present commerce. Effect of improvement.-This improvement provides dependable navigation depths for about 33 miles above Batesville. Operations and results during fiscal year.--All work was for maintenance with hired labor and Government plant excepting the construction of lock house at Lock No. 1, which was by contract. Lock and Dan No. 1.-The lock house burned July 19, 1929. It was replaced by one built under contract at total cost of $6,668.75, in which is included removal of ruins of the old house by hired labor, Other operations at this lock and dam outside of routine operation and maintenance were dredging 900 cubic yards of mud from fleet harbor and 394 cubic yards of mud from lower approach, repairing 11714---ENG 1930-----75 1184 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 upper filling valves and upper miter sill, and placing 390 cubic yards of one-man stone in storage for maintenance of revetment at abutment. Lock and Damp No. .-- The principal activity here was completing rebuilding of the sections of the dam that had been washed out in the 1927 flood. Permanent repair of the major break had not been quite completed when freshets, in last fiscal year caused a suspension of operations. That repair and the repair of the minor break were completed this year. To accomplish this 905 cubic yards of derrick stone, 1,123 cubic yards of one-man stone, 131 cords of brush, 905 cubic yards of mud, and 17,155 cubic yards of gravel were placed in coffer dam and 1,188 cubic yards of concrete placed in the breaks in the dam. Other operations were placing 1,289 cubic yards of derrick stone and 72 cubic yards of one-man stone in scoured areas below the dam and along cribs, renewing 160 square yards of bank paving below the lock, renewing fence along the south side of the reserva- tion, and placing 469 cubic yards of derrick stone in store for future use. Lock and Dam No. 3.-Outside of routine operation and main- tenance, the activities here were repainting buildings, erecting a new water tank, repairing bank paving below abutment, placing 180 cubic yards of one-man stone in store, and removing 3,565 cubic yards of mud from lock approaches. The cost for operation, maintenance, and repair of these works during the fiscal year was $51,176.90, and the expenditures during the fiscal year were $54,463.51. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The new work accomplished to the end of the fiscal year is the construction of the three locks and dams shown in tabulation under existing project. They represent the project as 30 per cent completed when further construction was suspended. These works give, by the aid of dredging, all-year round slack-water navigation for 3-feet draft from 1 mile below Batesville to Guion, 33 miles. The total costs to the end of the fiscal year were: For new work (construction of locks and dams) --------------- $813, 196. 81 For maintenance (operating and care) ---------- , '973, 311. 67 Total cost to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 1, 786, 508. 48 The total expenditures to the end of the fiscal year were: For new work (construction of locks and dams) --------------- $813, 196.81 For maintenance (operating and care)---------------------- 1, 004, 997. 29 Total ------------------------------------------- 1, 818, 194. 10 Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-All commerce reported for the calendar year 1929 was in the canalized section of the river. The total move- ment was 107,145 ton-miles and the average haul was 10.4 miles. The bulk of the freight was handled by motor boats and small barges. Correcting maintenance as given last fiscal year by crediting value of plant RIVERS AND HARBORS-MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT 1185 Comparative statement Lock No. 1 Lock No. 2 Calendar year Lock- Short Estimated Lock- Short Estimated ages tons value ages tons value 1924.. . _ __------------------------------------358 29 $1, 376 365 586 $12, 424 1925 ------------------------------------ 249 411 4, 243 321 534 13, 150 1926.-------- ___-...- --------------- 351 138 2,837 266 36 4,001 __...................... 1927..__...........__ . 442 64 2,605 131 440 8,624 1928----------...............------------------------- 646 13 900 481 70 7, 870 1929.......------------------------------------ 252 5 935 278 299 7, 976 Net, after eliminat- Lock No. 3 Intrapool throughduplicatiofferen locks Calendar year Lock- Short Estimated Short Estimated Short Estimated ages tons value tons value tons value 1924...............---------- 145 43 ........-------------.. $3, 956 7, 767 $14, 705 5, 362 $29, 200 1925_.-- ------ ------------- 140 36 6, 883 7, 675 16, 075 8,229 26,113 1926 ------- . --------------- 115 22 2,330 15,160 18, 595 15, 345 25, 729 1927_ ------------------------ 67 15 1, 254 18, 837 19, 360 19, 352 32, 233 1928_ --- .- __------------- 293 40 4,195 1 20,592 119, 564 1 20,800 131, 859 1929_.--.--.-------------- - 116 19 2, 550 23, 000 17, 200 23, 313 25, 376 1 Correcting error in prior report. Cost and financial summary for maintenance and improvement funds Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ ----------------------- $813, 196. 81 fCnt of mnintancnre to Jun R 1930 osL oJ u aue eV IUULULUILLkU LU o e , Net total expenditures______-----________-____- 813,196. 81 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------- -------- 813, 196. 81 Cost and financial summary for operating and care funds Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-----__--------------- $973, 311. 67 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 33, 252. 88 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_ .---...------------- _ 1, 006, 564. 55 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------- ____--- .80 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930- __--------------- 1, 006, 565.35 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 - -------------------- 1, 568. 06 Net total expenditures--- ------- _----------------1, 004,997. 29 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 --------- ----- 12, 534. 82 1------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 1, 017, 532. 11 Fiscal year ending Tune 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work--------------- Cost of maintenance.....------------- ----- $51,796. 51 $31, 042.21 $61, 503. 35 $63, 964. 45 $51, 176. 90 Total 6xpended-------------------------- 49, 969. 53 32, 073. 78 61, 346. 97 62, 567. 76 54, 463. 51 Allotted------------------------------ 56, 000.00 33, 000. 00 77, 300. 00 50, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 1186 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ---- ---- __ ______ __ -_ $16, 998.33 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909_____ -__--___-___ 50, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for ___ - -_______ -____-______ 66, 998. 33 Gross amount expended ------------------------------------- 54, 463. 51 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--_ .___ __________-__ 12, 534. 82 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 _----___ ________________ 1, 662. 10 Balance available June 30, 1930--- _____-_____-_________ 10, 872.(72 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 --_____ ______- --- __--_____-__-. 80 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930__ ____- ___---- 10, 873.52 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931_____________--______------ 45, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931___________________-- 55, 873. 52 7. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of prelimi- nary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, in- spections and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line studies; Ash-net inspections; administration changes incurred in con- nection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $2,047.37; the expenditures were $2,126.18. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__--__------------------------ $2, 547. 37 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930---------------------------- 78. 81 Net total expenditures __---- ------------------- 2, 626. 18 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_. 2, 373.82 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_____________- 5, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work....------------ --------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- Cost of maintenance ...........----------....--- $500. 00 $2, 047.37 ------- Total expended ...........------ ------ ----------------------- 500.00 2,126.18 Allotted..................-------------- ------------------------ $500.00 500. 00 4,000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------- $500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--------------------- $2, 500.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929--- .. 1,500. 00 4, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for---...........-..... -- 4, 500. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS--MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT 1187 Gross amount expended----- ------------------------------- $2, 126. 18 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 2,373.82 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------------------------78. 81 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930---------------- 2, 452. 63 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 102, for maintenance 1 500,b00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JULY 27, 1916, AND THE ACT APPROVED FEBRUARY 12, 1929 Reports dated November 1, 1928, and January 18, 1929, with maps, on preliminary examination and survey of St. FrancisRiver, Mo. and Ark., required by the river and harbor act approved July 27, 1916, were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in House Docu- ment No. 159, Seventy-first Congress, second session. The report states that the existing navigation project provides adequate facili- ties for the present and prospective commerce, and that there is no important Federal interest justifying contribution on the part of the United States for the control of floods on this river. Report dated November 26, 1929, on preliminary examination of the CanadianRiver and its tributaries, New Mexico, with a view to the control of its floods, required by the act of February 12, 1929, was duly submitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and was transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 371, Seventy-first Congress, second session. No further survey of this river is deemed advisable at the present time under this authorization. There is, however, a survey of the entire Arkansas River system, which includes the Canadian River, in progress, under the provisions of House Document No. 308, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session, and of section 10 of the Mississippi River flood control act approved May 15, 1928, covering navigation, flood control, power development, and irrigation. Report dated November 5, 1929, on preliminary examination of the Black River, Ark., with a view to the control of its floods, re- quired by the act of February 12, 1929, was duly submitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and was transmitted to Con- gress April 9, 1930, but has not yet been printed. No further survey of this river is deemed advisable at the present time under this authorization. There is, however, a survey of the White River, Ark. and Mo., of which the Black River is a tributary, in progress, under the provisions of House Document No. 308, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session, covering navigation, flood control, power development, and irrigation. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts approved August 8, 1917, January 21, 1927, July 3, 1930, and the flood control acts approved May 31, 1924, and February 12, 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1188 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 1929, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Black River, Ark. and Mo. 2. Black River, Ark. and Mo., above Black Rock, Ark., etc. 3. Canadiarn River, N. Mex., Tex., and Okla., with a view to the control of the floods. 4. North Fork CanadianRiver, Tew. and Okla., with a view to the control of the floods. 5. Deep River, Okla., with a view to the control of the floods. 6. Verdigris River, Okla., with a view to the control of the floods. 7. Little River, Okla., with a view to the control of the floods. 8. Cinmarron River, N. Mex. and Okla., with a view to the control of the floods. 9. Arkansas River, Kans., Okla., and Ark., with a view to the con- trol of the floods. 10. Cache River, Ark. 11. Arkansas River and its tributaries,Ark. and Okla. 12. Mayfield Creek, Ky. 13. Wolf River and Nonconnah River, Tenn. 14. Hatchie River, Tenn. MISSISSIPPI RIVER BETWEEN THE OHIO RIVER AND MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. The section of the river covered in this report is divided into three reaches under the supervision and direction of district engineers at St. Louis, Mo., Rock Island, Ill., and St. Paul, Minn. The St. Louis district extends from the mouth of the Ohio River to the mouth of the Illinois River, a distance of 223 miles; the Rock Island district extends from the mouth of the Illinois River to the mouth of the Wisconsin River, a distance of 423 miles; and the St. Paul district extends from the mouth of the Wisconsin River to the head of navigation at the Washington Avenue Bridge, Minneapolis, Minn., a distance of 223 miles. District engineers: At St. Paul, Minn., Maj. R. C. Williams, Corps of Engineers, to August 8, 1929, and Lieut. Col. Wildurr Willing, Corps of Engineers, after that date; at Rock Island, Ill., Maj. C. L. Hall, Corps of Engineers; at St. Louis, Mo., Maj. John C. Gotwals, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer : Brig. Gen. T. H. Jackson, Corps of Engineers to October 10, 1929, and Lieut. Col. George R. Spalding, Corps oI Engineers, after that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Mississippi River between the 3. Reservoirs at headwaters of Ohio River and Minne- Mississippi River _-------- 1204 apolis, Minn------------- 1188 4. Operating and care of reser- 2. Operating and care of locks voirs at headwaters of Mis- and dams-------------- 1202 sissippi River-.---------- 1207 1. MISSISSIPPI RIVER BETWEEN THE OHIO RIVER AND MINNE- APOLIS, MINN. Location and description.--The Mississippi River has its source in numerous lakes in the northern part of Minnesota, its origin being traced to Lake Itasca. It flows in a southerly direction for about RIVERS AND HARBORS-UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER 1189 2,470 miles into the Gulf of Mexico. The portion included in this report extends from the mouth of the Ohio River at Cairo, Ill., to the Washington Avenue Bridge, Minneapolis, Minn., a distance of 869 miles. The following table gives important physical characteristics of the river. Low-water High- A Extreme discharge w is- Average Drainage Distance navigation dis-ge width chwater Stage tuation fie- area Ditance season charge Cubic feet Cubic feet Square per second per second Feet Feet miles Miles Minneapolis ...--------------- 1, 800 45, 000 500 19. 0 19, 980 223 Above---------------------- 7, 500 112, 000 1,400 ---. .. 68, 380 Mouth of Wisconsin River ._____ __ 21. 5 - Below 16, 300 --------------------- 137, 000 1, 500 -----------. 79, 200 423 Above ..__ ______ _____ 21, 900 235, 000 5, 000 .------- . 143, 000 Mouth of Illinois River 32. 4 ----------- Below... ___........__ _ ._________ 30, 000 260, 000 5, 000- ..-.- 170, 000 23 Above______________ _______ 30, 000 260, 000 5, 000 -- 170, 100 Mouth of Missouri River ... 36. 7 Below __..___ .. . 40, 000 650, 000 4, 300 . 699, 000 200 Above _ Rvr--- Mouth of Ohio River -. --- 40, 000 .. 650, 000 4, 300 _-- - ------ 3 -.- 57. 3_.--.__. 713, 000 ..-------------------- Total------ ----------------------- 869 The river is nontidal; the average fall is about 0.4 foot to the mile in the St. Paul district; 0.47 foot to the mile in the Rock Island dis- trict, with the exception of the Rock Island Rapids, where the fall is 1.48 feet to the mile for a distance of 14,5 miles; and 0.6 foot to the mile in the St. Louis district. Original condition.-St. Paul was the head of continuous naviga- tion for steamboats, and the floating of logs was possible between there and the headwaters. From a narrow channel made more hazardous by swift currents near St. Paul the river widened below the mouth of the St. Croix River and became divided by islands and bars which distributed the flow through chutes, secondary chan- nels, and sloughs. Bars forming on the average of one in 3 miles seriously obstructed navigation during the low-water season and often limited depths available to 3 feet and less. Generally, the river wandered along its alluvial bed between bluffs several miles apart, losing in depth by the unrestricted width. The Rock Island Rapids, about 14 miles in length, and the Des Moines Rapids, 12 miles, were unnavigable at low stages, but both of the rapids were improved prior to commencement of the general improvement, the former to 4 feet at extreme low water by rock excavation and the latter to 5 feet by a lateral canal with three locks and rock excavation. Previous projects.-The first project for the general improvement of the Mississippi River above Cairo was recommended by a board of engineers in a report dated April 13, 1872, concurred in by the Chief of Engineers. It provided for the improvement between the Ohio and Missouri Rivers only. The first appropriation for this work was made in the river and harbor act, June 10, 1872. 1190 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The river and harbor act of June 18, 1878, appropriated funds for the improvement of the Mississippi River from St. Paul to the Des Moines Rapids, and from the Des Moines Rapids to the mouth of the Ohio River. This project was intended to provide a channel 41/2 feet deep at low water. Several minor projects, including the im- provement of the Rock Island and Des Moines Rapids were adopted. The original project for the section between Minneapolis and the Twin City Lock and Dam was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, and modified by the act of March 2, 1907. The cost and expenditures on the different projects prior to the commence- ment of work on the existing projects were as follows: New work : Between Ohio and Missouri Rivers--------------------- $1, 495, 000. 00 Between Missouri and Illinois Rivers--------------------- 592, 455. 68 Between Illinois and Wisconsin Rivers---------------- 14, 626, 456. 15 Wisconsin River to Minneapolis------------------------ 5, 431. 973 .73 Total----- ------- ----------- 22, 145, 885. 56 Maintenance (Wisconsin River to Minneapolis) 2, 792. 43 Grand total-------------------------------------22, 148, 677.99 For further details of previous projects, see pages 1879, 1880, and 1887 of the Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 9 feet deep, with various widths, from the mouth of the Ohio River to Minneapolis, Minn., to be obtained by open channel work between the mouth of the Ohio and the mouth of the Illinois Rivers, and by open-channel work and locks and dams above the mouth of the Illinois River. Mouth of Ohio River to mouth of Illinois River.- A project, orig- inated in 1881 (Annual Report, 1881, p. 1536), amended by river and harbor acts of 1896 and 1902, had for its object eventually to obtain by regulation works and dredging a minimum depth of 8 feet from the mouth of the Ohio River to St. Louis, and a minimum depth of 6 feet from St. Louis to the mouth of the Missouri River. After the practical abandonment of the use of regulating works in river and harbor acts of 1905 and 1907, and joint resolution of June 29, 1906, regulation was restored by the river and harbor act of 1910 under a new estimate of $21,000,000 with a view to the completion of the improvement within 12 years. (H. Doc. No. 50, 61st Cong. 1st sess., and H. Doc. No. 168, 58th Cong., 2d sess.) The river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, further altered the project to provide for a channel 9 feet deep and a width of 300 feet, with additional widths in bends, by the accepted combination of methods from the mouth of the Ohio River to the northern boundary of the city of St. Louis. The annual cost of maintenance for this section was increased to $900,000. (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 9, 69th Cong., 2d sess.) The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, modified the project be- tween the northern boundary of St. Louis and Grafton (mouth of Illinois) to provide for a channel 9 feet deep and generally 200 feet wide, at an estimated cost of $1,500,000, with $125,000 annually for maintenance. (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 12, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) Mouth of Illinois River to Minneapolis, Min.-A project adopted by the river and harbor act March 2, 1907, provided for improvement RIVERS AND HARBORS-UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER 1191 of this reach by open-channel methods to a depth of 6 feet with widths varying from 300 feet in the upper reaches to 1,200 feet in the lower section, except through the Rock Island Rapids, where the channel width directed was 250 to 300 feet. (H. Doc. No. 341, 59th Cong., 2d sess.) Major modifications of the project are: Lock and dam at Keokuk, built by Mississippi River Power Co. (R. and H. act of February 9, 1905) ; locks and lateral canal at Rock Island Rapids (R. and H. act of March 2, 1907; H. Doc. No. 341, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); lock and dam at Moline, Ill. (R. and H. act of March 3, 1905; H. Doc. No. 397, 58th Cong., 2d sess.); lock and dam, Minneapolis, Minn. (Twin City) (R. and H. act of June 25, 1910; H. Doc. No. 741, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); turning basin at Minneapolis, 6 feet deep at a low-water elevation of 743.5 Cairo datum, covering practically the full width between harbor lines for a distance of 1,500 feet, at an estimated cost of $15,000 (R. and H. act of July 3, 1930; R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 24, 70th Cong., 2d sess.) ; dredging to landing places on the main river and on subsidiary sloughs (R. and H. act of September 22, 1922) ; harbors at Nauvoo, Ill., and Fort Madison, Iowa (R. and H. act of March 3, 1925; H. Doc. No. 112, 68th Cong., 1st sess., and H. Doc. No. 96, 67th Cong., 1st sess., respectively) ; submerged sill to support the low-water level through Moline pool at Rock Island Rapids (R. and H. act of January 21, 1927, H. Doc. No. 263, 69th Cong., 1st sess.); lock and dam at Hastings, Minn. (R. and H. act of January 21, 1927; H. Doc. No. 583, 69th Cong., 2d sess.). The dimensions of the lock at Hastings were authorized to be 110 by 500 feet and the original estimate increased to $4,000,000 (R. and H. act of July 3, 1930; R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 8, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, modified the prior project so as to provide a channel depth of 9 feet at low water with widths suitable for long haul, common-carrier service, and authorized the expenditure of $7,500,000 in addition to the amounts authorized under existing projects to be appropriated for the prosecution of initial works under the modified project in accordance with House Docu- ment No. 290, Seventy-first Congress, second session. The present work, pending adoption of a comprehensive project as provided for in House Document No. 290, will be prosecuted so that all permanent structures in the upper Mississippi River to be built under the 6-foot project with funds applicable to that project shall be designed and executed with a view of being adopted without reconstruction or relocation to plans for an ultimate 9-foot depth. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, also provides that all locks below Twin City Dam shall be of not less than the Ohio River standard dimen- sions. The latest maps published showing this section of the river are printed on pages 2448, 2452, and 2454 in the Annual Report of 9.t4. A map of the section, Minneapolis to Lake Pepin, is publish@6 in House Document No. 583, Sixty-ninth Congress, second session. The latest published maps of the locality at Moline are in House Docu- ment No. 397, Fifty-eighth Congress, second session, and House Docu- ment No. 263, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session. Pertinent data for existing locks and dams are given in the fol- lowing table: C~r Depth on Location Lock i Dimensions Depth on miter sill Per- Year Name Miles Character of founda- Character of dam cent- opened orEstimated actual cost above Distance from Dam age to 0 of nearest town or tion foundation each lock navi- ofand com- dam Mis- mouth of naviga- Width Greatest pleted gation souri ble tributary of length 0 chain-available Lift Upper Lowei River cham- for full 1 ber width 0 I - - I Feet Feet Feet P2i Feet Feet Twin City - 670. 5 6.5 miles above 56 400 34. 7 13. 5 10 Sand, gravel, broken Fixed, concrete, hol- Sand, gravel, broken 1100 11917 2$2, 818, 761.51 Omaha Bridge, limestone, slab, low, with eight 6 by limestone slab, 0 St. Paul, Minn. and sandrock. 6 foot submerged and sandrock. sluiceways. -. Hastings-.... 638. 5 1.5 miles above 110 500 19.8 17. 5 9 Sand-.......... Movable type con- Sand.-------------- 81.9 -- 4,000,000.00 Hastings, Minn. crete with 100-foot Boul4 sec., twenty 30-foot Taintor gates, and 3,250 feet earth embankment. LeClaire 312 10 miles above 80 320 5. 5 8 7 Limerock-......... Fixed, broken rock Limerock ..... _ 100 1925 540, 000.00 Canal, lock. Davenport, and sand. Iowa. Moline Lock. 304 1 mile above Mo- 80 294.4 7.5 6 6 --...do---------------do.---.-.-----__ do -....-..... 100 1907 198, 763.00 0 line. C, Keokuk-..... 181 Keokuk, Iowa a_.. 110 358 40. 35 8 7 -_..do-. .. . ..... Fixed, concrete, with _-...-do-..........._ 100 1913 640,868.00 119 crest gates, 30 by 11 feet. 1Due to the collapse of the lower gate on Aug. 19, 1929, the lock of the Twin City Lock and Dam is under reconstruction. 2 This figure includes original cost of old lock, $1,518,761.51, and estimated cost, $1,300,000, of lock now under construction. aThis lockand dam was constructed by the Mississippi River Power Co., and turned over to the United States under the requirements of the act of Feb. 9, 1905. 0 RIVERS AND HARBORS-UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER 1193 The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects but including $7,500,000 authorized to be appropriated for work on the 9-foot channel be- tween the Illinois River and Minneapolis is $71,000,000. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual maintenance is $1,850,000. Recommeinded nmodifcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The State of Minnesota deeded to the United States 6.99 acres of land at the site of the Twin City Lock and Dam. The Mississippi River Power Co. has contributed, under the re- quirements of the act of February 9, 1905, channel improvement by rock excavation at Keokuk, together with a lock, dry dock, lock grounds, buildings, and other appurtenances, at an aggregate cost of about $1,162,324. (See p. 1021 of Annual Report of 1915.) For information concerning the lock see paragraph existing proj- ect, page 1164 of Annual Report of 1918; for dry dock see paragraph local cooperation, page 1168, Annual Report of 1918. The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, in adopting the project for work at Fort Madison, Iowa, provides that no work shall be done on the breakwater until the city of Fort Madison has con- structed or given satisfactory evidence that it will construct a modern river terminal. Although no local cooperation has ever been required by law, the United States participated with local interests in some of the first confining or regulating works of the reach between the.mouths of the Ohio and Missouri Rivers. For historical sketch see Annual Report, 1902, page 2607, and House Document No. 1067, Sixty-first Congress, third session, page 30. Since 1838 private and corporate interests at their own expense have constructed 45,700 linear feet of solid and permeable dikes or wing dams costing $1,100,000, and 85,000 linear feet of bank protection, including various revetments, paved wharves, railroad inclines, terminal docks, and improved landings, costing $8,600,000. All of these structures contribute to the confinement and general improvement of the river and to the completion of the existing project. Terminal facilitie.--A full and complete report of terminals along the upper Mississippi River in 1918 is contained in House Docu- ment No. 652, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session. Additional data is also contained in Transportation Series No. 2, 1929, Transportation in the Mississippi and Ohio Valleys. Modern river terminals, mu- nicipally owned, have been constructed at many of the larger cities along the river, while others have plans under consideration calling for similar developments. At St. Louis Mo., during the past year the Marquette Cement Co. built an unloading dock at mile 6.5 from Eads Bridge for unlpading bulk cement transported in specially built barges. The capacity of the Burlington elevator was increased 1,000,000 bushels, and addi- tional bins are being built which will increase the capacity of the Missouri Pacific elevator 2,000,000 bushels. Effect of improvemennt.--Some of the resultant benefits to com- merce from the improvement are: (a) Larger and deeper draft boats and barges are now being used. (b) The difficulties and hazards of navigation have been reduced. 1194 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 a 9-foot channel being available during the navigation season from the mouth of the Ohio River to the northern limits of the city of St. Louis, and a 6-foot channel generally being available from that point to Minneapolis, Minn. (c) Freight rates by rail to points on the Mississippi River and navigable tributaries are generally much lower than to points only a short distance back from the river; freight rates by water are generally 80 per cent of the rail rates. Barge-line service is now available throughout this stretch of the river, and the advantages of joint rail-water rates are being exploited. (d) A total of 298 private vessels occupied the five harbors of refuge in this portion of the river. (e) Water power has been developed at Minneapolis and utilized since 1924 by the Ford Motor Co. under license from the Federal Power Commission, with a maximum capacity of 15,200 horsepower. The Mississippi River Power Co. development at Keokuk operating since 1913 has a maximum capacity of 12,275 horsepower. OPERATIONS AND RESULTS DURING FISCAL YEAR Mouth of Wisconsin River to Minneapolis, Minn. (St. Paul dis- trict) .- Construction and maintenance of regulating works and chan- nel dredging were done. Six new wing dams, 1 new closing dam, and 1 wing-dam extension, aggregating 3,045 feet in length, and 10 pieces of shore protection, aggregating 22,630 feet in length, were built. Two shore protections were maintained and 14 wing dams and 9 shore protections were repaired. A total of 147,028.2 cubic yards of rock and, brush was placed in the above work. Channel dredging was carried on at 34 localities, the length of cuts aggregat- ing 18.1 miles. Three pipe-line dredges and one dipper dredge were engaged on this work and a total of 1,669,673 cubic yards of sand and gravel and rock was removed. At the Fountain City Boat Yard 2 handy barges, 3 drill boats, 3 launches, and 5 survey skiffs were constructed; the construction of a new hull for pipe-line dredge Vesuvius and of 1 skiff was started; and repairs were made to floating plant. Except for rock and brush dams built on the ice during the winter, which was done by contract, the work was done by hired labor with Government plant. Lock and dam near Hastings, Min.--During the fiscal year the construction of lock and dam was continued by contract. The lock and guide wall were completed with exception of a gap in each lock wall, left open for a construction track. All work within the first movable-dam cofferdam, which included the Bould Dam and the first six Taintor gate sections, was completed with the exception of plac- ing of concrete on the operating bridge, and the cofferdam was re- moved( Concrete placed within this first cofferdam was placed dur- ing winter months with temperature ranging as low as -2o F. All work in the second movable-dam cofferdam, which includes the last 6 Taintor gate sections and abutment, was completed except for the placing of concrete for superstructure of 2 piers and the bridge, placing of steel for 2 bridge sections, and erection of 5 Taintor gates. Construction of the last section of cofferdam has been completed. RIVERS AND HARBORS-UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER 1195 The movable dam is 65.7 per cent completed, and the earth dam 66.2 per cent completed. The contract as a whole is 81.9 per cent com- pleted. Lock gates were delivered and erected in place under contract; Boul6 trestles and boxes for the lock were installed, and Poiree tres- ties, bearing boxes, and beams were furnished and delivered under contract. Power house and foundation for power-house machinery under contract were completed, four Taintor gate hoists for the movable dam, and four lock valves and operating machinery were delivered, and lock-gate operating machinery was purchased and de- livered under contract. Operating machinery for gates, valves, and power house was installed by hired labor. An operating hoist for the Boul6 Dam and two electrically operated capstans were pur- chased and delivered under contract. Electric wiring for the lock, power house, and first six Taintor-gate sections including the Taintor- gate hoists was done by hired labor. Dredging the upper and lower approaches to the lock was con- tinued and is about 50 per cent completed. Negotiations for the acquisition of flowage rights were continued. Agreements were reached for direct purchase from owners of 1,537 acres. Condemnation proceedings were commenced on 5,016 acres which could not be directly acquired. Clearing of the pool area is being held in abeyance until flowage rights have been obtained. During the calendar year ending December 31, 1929, this section of the river was open to navigation 232 days from March 30 to Novem- ber 17. The lower gates of the Twin City Lock failed on August 19, 1929, precluding navigation above that point since that date. The cost of work (St. Paul district) during the fiscal year was $1,739,632.42, of which $1,663,370.44 was for new work and $76,261.98 for maintenance. The expenditures were $1,704,876.29. Mouth of Illinois River to mouth of Wisconsin River (Rock Island district).- Construction and maintenance of regulating works were carried on during the year, generally by hired labor and Government plant and occasionally by contract. Rock and brush and sand fill dams of standard forms were built. A total of 68 dams, aggregating 54,869 linear feet, and 5 pieces of shore protection, 7,485 linear feet, were built; 25 dams, 8,070 feet, and 5 pieces of shore protection, 9,395 feet, were extended; and 128 dams and 22 pieces of shore protec- tion were repaired and maintained. The cost of the above work amounted to $1,728,528.31. Construction work was impeded by high water in the spring of 1930. Seven pipe-line dredges were engaged in channel-maintenance work in 34 localities. The total channel dredged had a length of 12.6 miles, with widths varying from 200 to 300 feet. The cost of this work was $169,854.49. One drill boat, 1 dipper dredge, and 2 derrick boats were engaged in rock-excavation work in two localities. The cost was $108,901.96. Extensive repairs were made to floating plant at the various har- bors and boat yards in the district. Thirty-one pieces of new float- ing plant were purchased under contract or constructed by hired labor. 1196 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The total cost of all work (Rock Island district) during the fiscal year was $2,007,284.76, of, which amount $1,409,167.79 was for new work and $598,116.97 was for maintenance. The total expenditures were $1,934,340.85. Mouth of Missouri River to mouth of Illinois River (St. Louis district).-Repairwork was carried on by hired labor with Govern- ment plant from November 1, 1929, to April 12, 1930. Project dimen- sions of channels were secured by dredging, and regulating works were maintained as needed. Eight hundred linear feet of solid dikes was maintained by hired labor, at a cost of $59,887.75. No new regulating works were constructed. The pipe-line dredge Fort Gagqe maintained the required 6-foot channel; 293,050 cubic yards of mate- rial were dredged from one bar. The dredge Thebes dredged a chan- nel into Alton slough. The channel had a combined length of 0.5 mile, an average width of 300 feet, and an average gain in depth of 7 feet. The total cost of dredging was $18,430.23. Hydrographic surveys were made covering 22 miles of river at a cost of $8,285.12. The total cost for the work of this section (St. Louis district) was $86,603.10, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $80,000. Mouth of the Ohio River to mouth of Missouri River (St. Louis district).-The low river stage which prevailed through both the fall and spring season has permitted an unusual amount of construc- tion work during the year. Work was carried on by hired labor with Government plant from July 1 to December 20, 1929, and from April 8 to June 30, 1930. Project dimensions of channels were secured by dredging, and regulating works were maintained as needed. Quantities and costs of regulating works follow: Dikes or hurdles Bank protection (revetments) Mattress Paving Class of work Num- Linear Costs Num- Linear ber feet Costs ber feet Squares Squares Costs bank 100 100 bank square square tected feet feet NEW (TIMBER) By hired labor with United States plant----------------................. 24 19, 760 $760, 059. 91 2 12,055 13, 480 7, 196 $278, 871.68 ------------------- Contract... 21 21, 575 827, 338. 41 1 4, 155 5, 195 2, 041 131, 258. 35 Total------------------ 45 41, 335 1, 587, 398. 32 3 16, 210 18, 675 9, 237 410, 130. 03 MAINTENANCE By hired labor with United States plant------------- --- 65 6, 160 186, 149. 17 3 11, 845 5, 744 6,101 1 213, 564. 38 1 Repairs to 150 feet of retards, cost $15,411.13, included here. The cost of new regulating works was $958,596.76 by contract and $1,038,931.59 for hired labor with Government plant; total, $1,997,- 528.35. The cost of maintenance was $399,713.55, all done by hired labor with Government plant. The plant was maintained in a high state of efficiency. The hull of the towboat Tuscuzmbia is being re- RIVERS AND HARBORS-UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER 1197 plated. The wooden hulls of office and survey boats Nos. 3 and 4 were replaced by steel barges Nos. 113 and 114, and the boats were equipped with steam-heating plants and refrigerating plants. Two steel dump scows were procured by transfer; one new 36-foot steel- hull 70-horsepower Diesel boat and one new derrick were procured by contract. The expenditure for new plant was $58,151.09. The four pipe-line dredges and one dipper dredge maintained the required 9-foot channel, except for very short periods of time and only slight delays to navigation; 3,980,330 cubic yards of sand, gravel, and silt were dredged from 27 bars at 14 localities. The channels had a combined length of 14.8 miles, an average width of 280 feet, and an average gain in depth of 4.5 feet. The total cost of dredging was $343,758.55. Hydrographic surveys were made cover- ing 256 miles of river and 18 gages were read daily and repaired as needed. The total cost of the work for this section (St. Louis district) was $2,792,937.06, of which $1,997,528.35 was for new work and $795,- 408.71 for maintenance, including dredging and surveys. The total expenditures were $2,415,756.56. The total cost during the fiscal year for the four sections from the mouth of the Ohio River to Minneapolis, Minn., was $6,626,457.34, of which $5,070,066.58 was for new work and $1,556,390.76 for main- tenance; the total expenditures were $6,134,973.70. CONDITION AT END OF FISCAL YEAR Mouth of Wisconsin River at Minneapolis, Minn. (St. Paul dis- trict).-The 6-foot project as a whole is about 85 per cent completed. The open-channel work is about 95 per cent completed and the Hast- ings lock and dam, except for flowage acquisitions and clearing of pool area, is 81.9 per cent completed. Agreements have been reached for the direct purchase of 1,662 acres of the land and flowage rights needed, and proceedings in condemnation commenced for 5,442 acres. About 2,500 acres remain to be acquired. The flowage acquisis tion and clearing of pool area is about 8 per cent completed. Table showing condition of channel at end of fiscal year. Afford- ing less Affordingthan 6 Control- gth ofrding feet at ex- Projected 6 feet ling Sections Lengthof 6 feetattreme low low channel depths sections water water for width tow of 500 June 30, 1930 feet in length Washington Avenue bridge to Twin City lock and Miles Miles Miles Feet Feet ___ dam ----------------------------------------- 5. 1 5.1 () 6.0 Twin City lock and dam to Omaha bridge-----------6.2 6.0 0. 2 240 5.5 Omaha bridge to Prescott ------------------------- 29. 7 22. 5 7. 2 300 6. 0 Prescott to foot of Lake Pepin .--------------------- 47. 6 44. 1 3. 5 600 5. 5 Foot of Lake Pepin to Winona __--------------------- 38. 0 37. 1 .9 525 6. 0 Winona to Genoa.......------------------------------- 47. 0 45. 4 1.6 625 5. 5 Genoa to Wisconsin River,------------------------ 49. 4 46. 1 3. 3 700 5. 5 ......----------------------------- Total----- 223.0 206. 3 16. 7 1Pool width not less than 300 feet. 1198 REPORT OF OCIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The work remaining under the 6-foot project is the realignment of about 2 miles of channel, construction of 4 miles of revetment, and the completion of the lock and dam near Hastings, Minn., includ- ing acquisition of flowage and clearing of pool area. The total cost under the existing project (St. Paul district) to June 30, 1930, was $9,666,186.40, of which $8,927,403.18 was for new work and $738,783.22 for maintenance. The total expenditures have been $9,584,743.05. Mouth of Illinois River to mouth of Wisconsin River (Rock Island district).-At the end of the fiscal year work under the 6-foot project in this district was about 82 per cent completed. Conditions as to depth are on the whole satisfactory. Table showing total lengths of river in the indicated sections affording 6-foot depth at standard low water of 1864, lengths of river affording less than 6-foot depth, and the controlling depths on June 30, 1930 SLen th Affording Affording Pro- Ctrol- Sectionssecion f 6 feet less than jected at low 6 feet at cnannel ling water low water width th Miles Miles Miles Feet Feet Wisconsin River to Rock Island rapids--------------.............. 136. 4 131. 5 4. 9 900 5. Rock Island rapids. _-_--------.------.----. -- 14.3 14.3 0 250-300 6. 0 Rock Island to Keokuk....--------------------------121. 6 115. 4 6.2 1, 000 6. 0 Keokuk to Hannibal_------------------------- 56. 1 53. 2 2. 9 1,000 5.6 Hannibal to Illinois River_ ..---------------.... -95. 1 88. 9 6.2 1, 200 5.8 Total._ . ..----------------------------------- 423. 5 403. 3 20. 2 1 Since the reefs (shoal areas) rise as the river rises and fall as the river falls, the controlling depth, in years When there is no extreme low water, can be determined only approximately. During April, May, and June a draft of approximately 7 feet is usually practicable with a gage reading of 5 feet. During July, August, September, and October the gage reading is usually about 2 feet. At such times, and even when the gage is lower, a 5-foot draft is usually possible. The work remaining to be done to complete the 6-foot project consists of placing about 2,500,000 cubic yards of rock and brush in constructing dams and shore protection; removing about 5,000,000 cubic yards of sand and mud by pipe-line dredges and excavating about 90,000 cubic yards of rock. The costs of work (Rock Island district) to June 30, 1930, have been $18,203,401.02 for new work and $1,814,641.35 for maintenance, a total of $20,018,042.37. The expenditures were $22,200,762.69. Mouth of Missouri River to mouth of Illinois River (St. Louis ditrict).-The regulating works are 25 per cent completed. The quantities required to complete the project are estimated as follows: 56,370 linear feet of dams and dikes and 11,100 linear feet of bank protection. All old work is now in need of repair. Dredging is required at low stage to remove temporary shoals and maintain the required channel depths. The navigation season usually extends from March -1 to November 30, the river being generally closed by ice the re- mainder of the year. From March till June the river is usually above mean stage and the minimum channel depth has generally prevailed throughout the year without dredging. 0RIVERS AND 11ARBORS---- UPPERft fL8 tP it ik 1109 .The total cost of the work for this section (St. Louis district) to date is $530,000 for new work and $141,603.10 for maintenance. The total expenditures are $665,000. Mouth of Ohio River to mouAth of Missouri River (St. Louis di- trict) .- The regulating works are about 57 per cent completed. The quantities required to complete works are as follows: 181 dikes, 182,270 linear feet; 42 revetments, 352,600 linear feet. All work is in good repair, and the channel has been greatly improved by it. Dredging is required at low stages, to remove temporary shoals and maintain the required channel depths. In recent years the project dimensions of channels have generally been maintained through the navigation season with only slight and infrequent delays to navigation. The navigation season usually extends from the early part of February to the latter part of De- cember, the river being generally closed by ice the remainder of the year. For six months the river is above a 10-foot stage and the minimum channel depth has generally prevailed throughout the section without dredging (Annual Report, 1918, p. 2733). The total cost of work for this section (St. Louis district) to June 30, 1930, is $18,552,420.41 for new work and $12,167,170.60 for maintenance including dredging, surveys, and flood relief, a total of $30,719,591.01. The cost of the new work since the estimate was revised in 1910 is $11,892,629.46. The total expenditures are $32,951,086.57. Total cost of work for the four sections from the mouth of the Ohio River to Minneapolis, Minn., to June 30, 1930, was $61,075,- 422.88, of which $46,213,224.61 was for new work and $14,862,198.27 for maintenance; the total expenditures were $65,401,592.31. Proposed operations.--With the funds unexpended ($6,415,394.47), it is proposed to continue open-channel improvement by hired labor with Government plant and contract. The construction of the lock and dam near Hastings by contract will be completed. Pipe line and dipper dredges will be employed for auxiliary and channel mainte- nance; channel realignment, shore protections, and spur and closing dams will be built and maintained where necessary. Hastings lock and dam: To complete general contract---------------- ---------- $470, 000. 00 Lock tender's dwellings, service buildings, and roadway __... 70, 000. 00 Dredging approaches and to improve discharge area---------__ 35, 000.00 Flowage easements------------------ ---------- -400, 000. 00 Clearing pool area------------------- ----------------- 50, 000. 00 Total-------- ----------------------------- 1, 025, 000. 00 Maintaining channel depths by dredging and rock excavating, in- cluding dredging at heads of Twin City and Hastings dam pools and at foot of Crooked Slough----- --------------------- 1, 700, 000. 00 Constructing new and maintaining regulating works, dikes and revetments, rock and brush dams, and shore protection ------- 3,000,000. 00 Constructing new and maintenance and repair of present floating plant---------- ----------------------------------- 550, 000. 00 Administrative, engineering, surveys and gages, and contingencies - 140, 394. 47 Total ------------------------------------------- 5, 390, 394.47 Grand total _---------------------------- -- - 6, 415, 394. 47 11714---ENG 1930---76 1200 RE ORT OF 'RIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 It is expected that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, amounting to $4,800,000 of which approxi- mately $1,425,000 will be for maintenance. Flowage easements Hastings lock and dam---------------------- $400, 000 Clearing Hastings danm pool area------------------------------ 100, 000 Maintaining channel depths by dredging and rock excavating, includ- ing dredging at head of Twin City and Hastings dam pool, by hired labor and United States plant----------- ------------------ 1, 500, 000 Constructing new and maintaining regulating works, dikes, and revet- ments, rock and brush dams, and shore protection------------2, 175, 000 Constructing new and maintenance and repair of present plant------ 500, 000 Administration, engineering, surveys and gages, and contingencies- 125, 000 Total ------------------------------------------ 4, 800, 000 The proposed allocation of these funds as between sections is as follows : New work Mainte- nance Mississippi River between Ohio and Missouri Rivers----------------------$1,000,000 $700,000 Mississippi River between Missouri and Illinois Rivers...---------------------- 375, 000 125, 000 Mississippi River between Illinois and Wisconsin Rivers.... 1--------------------, 400, 000 300, 000 Mississippi River between Wisconsin River and Minneapolis------------------ 600, 000 300, 000 3, 375, 000 1, 425, 000 The work will be by contract and hired labor with Government plant. The permanent works will be built so as to fit improvements for a 9-foot depth. Commercial statistics.-The freight traffic of the Mississippi River on the stretch between the mouth of the Ohio River and Minneapolis. Minn., amounted to 1,390,262 tons in 1929. This does not include ferry traffic nor short-haul traffic of a purely local nature at the port of St. Louis, Mo. The upstream commerce consists mainly of sugar, coffee, rice, and other food products, cotton, sisal, burlap, logs, lumber, manufactured iron and steel, agricultural implements, and machinery. The down- stream traffic is made up largely of grain, fruits, vegetables, logs, lumber, cement, manufactured iron and steel, agricultural imple- ments, and machinery. A large percentage of the total tonnage con- sists of sand and gravel. Commercial statistics for the Mississippi River have been kept by stretches and there are no figures available for previous years show- ing the tonnage on the river as a whole above the mouth of the Ohio River. Year , Tons Value Passengers 1929...-----------------------------------------------1, 390, 262 $85, 793,392 3, 156, 444 RIVERS AND HARBORS---UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER 1201 Cost and finanoial sutnnary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------- $68, 359, 110. 17 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_1......... 111 14, 864, 990. 70 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 --------- 83, 224, 100. 87 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ------- 4, 635, 089. 69 Net total cost to June 30, 1930---------------- ---- 87, 859, 190. 56 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930- -------------------- 81, 811. 27 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 ___-- ----- -____--- 87, 941, 001. 83 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 390, 731. 53 Net total expenditures_ __--------- ------------------- 87, 550, 270. 30 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ,415, 394. 47 6------------------------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 93, 965, 664. 77 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....---------------$2, 751,396.36 $3, 699, 864. 57 $4, 552, 657. 33 $3,876,089.20 $5, 070, 066. 58 Cost of maintenance-.----------- 677, 481. 05 824, 321.03 1,120, 291.46 727, 200. 56 1, 556, 390. 76 Total cost.....--------- 3, 428, 877. 41 4, 524, 185. 60 5, 672, 948. 79 4, 603, 289. 76 6, 626, 457. 34 ......---------- Total expended----- 3, 428, 877. 41 4, 524, 185. 60 6,416, 570. 80 5, 002, 728. 65 6,134,973. 70 Allotted.------.--. --------------- 5, 900, 000.00 5,650, 000.00 10,239,677.99 5,175, 000.00 4, 290, 677.12 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 .... ___ $8, 259, 691. 05 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved : June 7, 1924----------------------------- $22, 911. 57 Mar. 23, 1926--------------------- ------ 106, 914. 76 May 28, 1930---- --------------------- 4, 925, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930------- ------------------------- 675, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved Feb. 28, 1929 66, 050. 79 5, 795, 877. 12 Amount to be accounted for 568. 17 1------------------------4,055, Deductions on account of revocation of allotment--------------1, 505, 200. 00 Net amount to be accounted for _________________ _ 12, 550, 368. 17 Gross amount expended __------- ______-6, 223, 488.08 Less receipts from sales------------------------ 88, 514. 38 6, 134, 973. 70 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930- ------------------ 6, 415, 394. 47 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ______-----436, 172. 75 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts ------- 1, 060, 533. 54 1, 496, 706. 29 Balance available June 30, 1930---------------______ 4, 918, 688. 18 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930___8--------- ,- -____ -81, 811. 27 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930__----____ 5, 000, 499. 45 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 ---- __ _-------------- 20, 500, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work 1 ------------------------------------ 3, 375, 000. 00 For maintenance 1 -1, 425, 000. 00 , Total' _-------- ,_-__-___-____-- 4, 800, 000. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. Includes $7,500,000 authorization by 1930 act. 1202 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 2. OPERATING AND CARE OF CANAL, LOCKS, AND DAMS ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ABOVE CAIRO, ILL. The improvements for which reports are made under this caption form part of the project for improvement of the Mississippi River, between the mouth of the Missouri River and Minneapolis, Minn., see pages 1188 to 1201, where general information regarding the improve- ment may be found. The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation, at four locations, as follows: The Twin City Lock and Dam, at Minneapolis (replacing Lock and Dam No. 2 drowned out), since June 30, 1917. Due to the collapse of the lower gate on August 19, 1929, the lock is now under recon- struction, with funds from the permanent, indefinite appropriation. Le Claire Canal and Lock, for the improvement of the upper 3.6 miles of the Rock Island Rapids, opened to navigation November 29, 1922. Moline Lock and Dam, near the foot of the Rock Island Rapids, operated since December 23, 1907. Keokuk Lock and Drydock, submerging the Des Moines Rapids, built by the Mississippi River Power Co., operated since June 13, 1913. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The locks and dams were operated as required and the necessary repairs made thereto and to the appurtenant structures. The most important repairs or replacements were as follows: Twin City Lock and Dam; (St. Paul district).-The lock was in operation during the navigation season until August 19, 1929, when the lower gates of the lock gave way, necessitating abandonment of traffic during the progress of reconstruction. Two rock filled crib cofferdams, 327 linear feet at lower end and 350 linear feet at upper end of lock, were constructed, to permit in- vestigation of the cause of gate failure, and for use in connection with reconstruction of lock. Work was started September 18, 1929, and completed November 1, 1929, being done by contract. The reconstruction of the lock, by contract, was commenced Janu- ary 4, 1930, and continued to the close of the fiscal year. The costs were $782,203.76, being $157,053.98 for operating and care (including cofferdams) and $625,149.78 for reconstruction. The expenditures were $619,648.85, being $160,388.36 for operating and care and $459,260.49 for reconstruction. Le Claire Canal and Lock (Rock Island district).-The work done during the year consisted of repairs to lock machinery, gates, sheer- boom, buildings, and roads; and painting and varnishing of lock building. During the fiscal year 1930 the lock was open to naviga- tion 263 days. The cost of operation was $10,810.96. Expenditures were $13,104.77. Moline Lock and Dam (Rock Island district).-The work done during the year consisted of repairs to dwellings, sheerboom, and lock machinery; longitudinal dam at lower approach was graded and mooring chains installed. During the fiscal year 1930 the lock was RIVERS AND HARBORS-UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER 1203 open to navigation 262 days. The cost of operations was $8,039.98: expenditures were $7,930.38. Keokuk Lock and Dam (Rock Island district).-The work done during the year consisted in repairing intake and discharge valves, lock machinery, and buildings; painting lock gates and buildings; con- structing new crib for boom below lock; cleaning and painting cradles in drydock; repairing concrete apron in drydock; and con- structing concrete batter wall at bottom of filler tube and 72 new cradle foundations in drydock. During the fiscal year 1930 the lock was open to navigation 269 days. The cost of operation was $46,- 323.98; the expenditures were $42,189.79. The cost during the fiscal year amounted to $847,378.68 of which $625,149.78 was for reconstruction of Twin City Lock and $222,228.90 for operations and maintenance. The expenditures were $682,873.79. Condition at end of fiscal year.-With the exception of Twin City Lock, which was being reconstructed, the above structures were in good condition and in operation at the close of the fiscal year. It is expected that the reconstruction of Twin City Lock will be com- pleted about the middle of September, 1930, and lock made available for navigation. The total cost for operation and maintenance to the end of the fiscal year was $3,117,232.40, which includes $1,374,404.25 in connection with the old Des Moines Canal. The expenditures were $2,963,883.81. Proposed operations.--The improvement will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-These locks being only a link in the chain of through navigation, the traffic is essentially that of the river as given in the report for " Mississippi River between the Ohio River and Minneapolis, Minn." During the calendar year 1929 there passed through the locks: Le Claire Moline Keokuk Steamboats....... ... .... -------------------------------------------------- 770 503 260 Barges ...--------------------------------------------------- 1,802 1,041 711 Launches---------.......... ------------------------------------------ 224 486 140 Passengers.. .. .. ..... 9, 508 11, 281 ........------------------------------------------------- 11,743 Lockages .......---------------------------------------------------..... 994 803 465 The above figures are exclusive of Government traffic. Cost and financial sunmary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- $3, 117, 232. 40 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930_--------- 19, 680. 26 Net total cost to June 30, 1930------------------ -------- 3, 136, 312.66 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------- 172, 428.85 Net total expenditures------- --------------------- 2, 963, 883.81 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--- ------------------------- 864, 779. 16 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930____------------ 3, 828, 662. 97 1204 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work- .. . . . . . . . . Cost of maintenance--_-_---------- $50, 911.24 $44, 540. 68 $99, 649.82 $73, 380.62 $847, 378.68 Total expended........-----------------------50, 911. 24 44, 540.68 99, 652. 90 72, 012. 54 682, 873.79 Allotted--- ------------------------- 45,000.00 65, 400.00 66,400.00 64, 000.00 1,539,650.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__----------------------------$8, 002. 95 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, sec. 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909-- -------------------- 1, 542, 150. 00 Amount to be accounted for___________________--------- 1, 550, 152.95 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment--------------- 2, 500.00 Net amount to be accounted for-- ---- __-------__--1, 547, 652. 95 Gross amount expended __----___ ____---$683, 449. 75 Less receipts from sales--- __- --- __-___ -____ - 575. 96 682, 873. 79 )Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------_ Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930____-----____ 7, 335. 55 864, 779. 16 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------639, 236. 37 646, 571. 92 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------218, 207. 24 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931-------------------------100, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931- --------------------- 318, 207. 24 3. RESERVOIRS AT HEADWATERS OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER Locattio and desoription.-Reservoirs are located on the Missis- sippi River and several of its tributaries in Itasca, Hubbard, Aitkin, Cass, and Crow Wing Counties, Minn., as follows: Outlet rea Water- Name of reservoir Above shed Original Reser- River lake voir St. Paul I I I Miles Sq. miles Sq. miles Sq. miles Winnibigoshish ........ . . .. . Mississippi .......- __. 408 1,442 117 161. 0 Leech Lake ... __---------- --------- Leech .... 410 1,163 173 234. 0 Pokegama- ..... _------ ___ - . -.-- Mississippi----- ......-- 344 660 24 45. 0 Sandy Lake....._ Sandy. __------------267 421 8 16. 5 Pine River--- ... Pine_ -- .--- 199 562 18 24.0 Gull Lake-----....................... Gull _ - - - . -.- 168 287 33 35.5 I Original condition.-The reservoirs were all natural lakes and the country surrounding was rolling timberlands, with numerous small lakes. Leech Lake and Winnibigoshish Lake were of such size and depth as to permit their more general use for transporting supplies by the larger canoes. No railroads existed in this territory and the waterways were the principal routes for travel. The rivers in this region were subject to fluctuation of level between wide limits and were often unnavigable at low stages. Previous project.-The original project was based on House Docu- ment No. 54, Forty-fifth Congress, third session (no maps), and was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. In report sub- RIVERS AND HARBORS---UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER 1205 mitted in compliance with the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886, the Chief of Engineers in 1887 recommended that the reservoirs originally contemplated on the St. Croix, Chippewa, and the Wis- consin Rivers be not constructed. Subsequent acts of Congress have been in accordance with that recommendation, and the original proj- ect was considered modified to that extent. The cost and expendi- tures on the original project were $782,662,10-$681,805 being for new work and $100,857.10 for maintenance of such reservoirs as were com- pleted prior to 1894. These expenditures were prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1899. For further details of previous project see page 1888 of the Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the reconstruction of the five original reservoir dams, viz, Winnibigoshish, Leech Lake, Pokegama, Sandy Lake, and Pine River, and the construction of Gull Lake Res- ervoir. The estimated cost, revised in 1928, exclusive of amounts ex- pended on previous projects, is $895,000. The above dams are of solid concrete construction, Pokegama being built on bedrock and the others on pile foundations. The Sandy Lake Dam includes a lock 160 feet long, 30 feet wide, with a maximum lift of 9.5 feet and a depth of 2.5 feet on the lower sill at low water. The construction of an equalizing canal between Winnibigoshish and Leech Lake Reser- voirs, at an estimated cost of $61,200 (later increased to $71,200), was subsequently added to the project, but no work was done, and this part of the project was abandoned in the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915. The abandonment of the ditches to connect Long Lake to Round Lake and Round Lake to Gull Lake was recommended in House Document No. 413, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session, and was ordered by Congress in the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916. The maintenance of the reservoirs is provided for by annual allot- ments from the indefinite appropriation for " Operating and care of canals and other works of navigation." The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the reconstruc- tion of four of the five original dams and surveys to determine the extent of lands overflowed by the reservoirs; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the reconstruction of Sandy Lake Dam and the construction of Gull Lake Reservoir; the act of June 25, 1910, pro- vided for the construction of an equalizing canal between Winnibi- goshish and Leech Lake Reservoir (H. Doc. No. 363, 61st Cong., 2d sess.), but this part of the project was abandoned in the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915. For maps see pages 1973 and 1978 of Annual Reports for 1911. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--The river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, appropriating funds for the construction of Gull Lake Reservoir, provided that the necessary land and flowage rights should be ceded to the United States without charge. In compliance with this the St. Anthony Falls Water Power Co., of Minneapolis, Minn., ob- tained and ceded to the United States all the flowage rights not previously obtained, aggregating 955 acres, at a cost of about $7,500. Terminal faecilities.-See report on Mississippi River between the Ohio River and Minneapolis. 1206 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Eflect of improvement.-The construction of the reservoirs has resulted in a greater channel depth and more uniform flow in the Mississippi River above Lake Pepin, 52 miles below St. Paul, and has made possible continuous navigation during the season on some stretches above St. Paul, where formerly it was subject to interrup- tion on account of low water, and has assisted navigation at and immediately below St. Paul. Computations indicate that under the present system of operation the reservoirs can produce an average increase in gage height of about 1.5 feet at St. Paul during low-water seasons. Incidentally the reservoirs are of value in mitigating the effects of floods in the river above St. Paul. Operations and results during fsecal year.-Surveys were made of the Government reservations at the various dams and same connected with land surveys. Some land, not needed by the United States, was sold. The costs during the year were $3,417.94 for new work. The expenditures were the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The project was 99 per cent com- pleted, the only work remaining to be done being the acquisition of flowage rights on a number of tracts around the reservoirs. The five dams originally built of timber have been reconstructed in concrete. A concrete dam has been constructed at Gull Lake. Three dikes at Winnibigoshish, 4 at Pokegama, 2 at Sandy Lake, and 16 at Pine River have been constructed. Flowage rights have been acquired on practically all lands affected by the construction, maintenance, and operation of the reservoirs. Previous projects Existing projects Reservoir Capacity Cost Cost Completed (approxi- Completed (approxi- mate) mate) Cubic feet innibigoshish....----------------------42, 130, 000, 000 1884 $214, 000 1900 $154, 200 Leech Lakegaa----------------------- 32, 380, 000, 000 1884 171, 805 1902 75, 000 Pokegama---....------------------ - 5, 260, 000, 000 1884 85, 000 1904 112, 000 Sandy Lake ---------------------- ... 3, 157, 900, 000 1895 114, 000 1909 104, 000 Pine River ----------------------- 7, 732, 900, 000 1886 97, 000 1907 118, 500 Gull Lake_- ............ __ 3, 091, 293,290 _ ...------ _ .----------- 1913 77, 200 Total.--..........-....... .... 93, 752, 093, 290 .......-... _ 681,805 ............ 640, 900 The total costs and expenditures to June 30, 1930, under the exist- ing project were $879,759.09 for new work. Proposedoperations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended bal- ance ($40,957.22) in the payment of such awards as may be made in the pending proceedings for the acquisition of flowage rights. The amount and date of payment can not be stated. It is believed that the available funds are sufficient for the completion of the project. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. RIVERS AND HARBORS-UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER 1207 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------ --- $1, 561,564. 09 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-----_-------------------- 100, 857. 10 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------1, 662,421.19 Net total expenditures--------------------------------- ------ 1, 662, 421. 19 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------- 40, 957. 22 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_----------- 1, 703, 378. 41 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work___ $4. 50 $567. 49 -$379. 23 $560. 79 $3, 417. 94 Cost of maintenance----- ------------ ---------------------- ------------------- Total expended_ . -- ______________----- _ 4.50 567.49 -5, 375. 66 -2, 644. 21 3,417.94 Allotted ..----------------------------------....------------ -- --------------- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--_---_--- _______-------- $__ 375. 16 $44, Gross amount expended_---______----- ------ $4, 062. 94 Less receipts from sales__------ ---- ____ 645. 00 3, 417. 94 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------- 40, 957. 22 4. OPERATING AND CARE OF RESERVOIRS AT HEADWATERS OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for reservoirs at headwaters of Mississippi River. See page 1204, where general information can be found. The completed reservoirs have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since February 1, 1895. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The reservoirs were operated and necessary repairs made to dams, dikes, buildings, grounds, and lines of communication. Leakage underneath, the Leech Lake Dam was stopped by laying a blanket of clay on the stream bed, upstream, and adjacent to the dam. The costs for the year were $17,391.73. The expenditures were $16,732.79. Condition at end of fiscal year.-All the reservoirs and appur- tenances were in good condition. The total costs to June 30, 1930, were $843,272.53. The total expenditures were $843,120.98. Proposed operations.-The reservoirs will be operated and main- tained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930________________________ $843, 272.53 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 _____-------____________ 151. 55 Net total expenditures___________________________ 843, 120. 98 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930__-------------------------------_ 2, 679. 43 Total amount appropriated to Jiune 30, 1930----------------845, 800. 41 1208 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_-_ _... . -.-..- --.- _ -.-.- --.- -- Cost of maintenanc- .------------------- $17, 322. 25 $16, 688. 51 $14, 573. 38 $17, 379. 25 $17, 391.73 Total expended ..... ....----------------------- 17, 322. 25 16, 688. 51 14, 331. 70 18, 368. 62- 16, 732. 79 Allotted.........---- ------------------------ 16, 500. 00 16, 500. 00 17, 000. 00 11, 500.00 16,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-___________ - -________-- $3, 412.22 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909_--__________-____ _______ 16, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for--------------------------------19, 412. 22 Gross amount expended ___________________ - - 16, 732. 79 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930____________ ------ 2, 679. 43 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_____________- -____-___--177. 91 Balance available June 30, 1930 ----------- ____----2, 501. 52 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931___________________________ 20, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931_________________ 22, 501. 52 SURVEY MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JANUARY 21, 1927 Interim report dated December 16, 1929, on survey of the Missis- sippi River between mouth of Missouri River and Minneapolis, Minn., required by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, was duly submitted by a special board of engineers. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pur- suant to law, and was transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 290, Seventy-first Congress, second session. The re- port states that reliable and economical navigation is not practicable on a depth of less than 6 feet but would be assured by a depth of 9 feet. It is recommended that all permanent structures on the upper Mississippi River to be built under the existing project between the mouth of the Missouri River and St. Paul-Minneapolis be executed with a view of being adapted without reconstruction or relocation to plans for an ultimate depth, and that after completion of the sur- vey now in progress complete and detailed plans for a 9-foot project be prepared and submitted to Congress. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE ST. LOUIS, MO., DISTRICT This district includes the Mississippi River between the Ohio and Illinois Rivers, Missouri River, St. Charles to mouth, and removing snags and wrecks from the Mississippi River below the mouth of Missouri River, and from Old and Atchafalaya Rivers. District engineer: Maj. John C. Gotwals, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Jackson, Corps of Engi- neers, to October 10, 1929, and Lieut. Col. George R. Spalding, Corps of Engineers, since that date. RIVERS AND HARBORS--ST. LOUIS, MO., DISTRICT 1209 IMPEBOMIENTS Page Page 1. Mississippi River between the 4. Removing snags and wrecks Ohio and Missouri Rivers_ 1188 from the Mississippi River 2. Mississippi River between Mis- below the mouth of Missouri souri and Illinois Rivers___ 1188 River and from Old and 3. Missouri River, St. Charles Atchafalaya Rivers _____ 1209 to the mouth _________-- - 1232 5. Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general)--- 1212 1-2. For reports on these improvements, see page 1188. 3. For report on this improvement, see page 1232. 4. REMOVING SNAGS AND WRECKS FROM THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BELOW THE MOUTH OF MISSOURI RIVER, AND FROM OLD AND ATCHAFALAYA RIVERS Location and description.-The Mississippi River rises in Lake Itasca, Minn., flows south 2,470 miles, and empties into the Gulf of Mexico. The St. Louis snagging district embraces that portion of the river between Head of Passes and the mouth of Missouri River, 1,265 miles, 8 miles of Old River (present mouth of Red River), and 27 miles of Atchafalaya River from Red River to Melville, La.; total, 1,300 miles. Original condition.-Navigation of the river was seriously ob- structed by numerous snags, drift heaps, etc., which had lodged in the channel and to which additions were made with each rise of the river. Many wrecks of flatboats, barges, and steamboats also obstructed the navigable channel and menaced life and property, the sinking of steamboats and other river craft by such obstructions having been of common occurrence. Previous projects.-For the removal of these obstructions general appropriations were made at irregular intervals as early as 1824. The amount expended prior to 1879, when the first definite allotment was made for the work, was approximately $358,627.35. For further details of previous projects see page 1880, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This is a continuation of the plan adopted in 1879, and provides for the removal and destruction of snags, wrecks, drift heaps, and other obstructions to navigation in the Mississippi River between Head of Passes (13 miles from mouth of South Pass) and mouth of Missouri River, and in Old and Atchafalaya Rivers (35 miles) to Melville, La.; also for the felling of large trees on or near caving banks, thereby decreasing the number of snags to be destroyed thereafter. The work is done by the department's two large steel-hull snag boats, J. N. Macomb, built 1874, and H. G. Wright, built 1881, fitted with the necessary equipment and appliances and operated by Gov- ernment employees. Description of these boats may be found in Annual Report for 1894, pages 1568-69, and for 1895, page 2054, et seq. Annual appropriations or allotments were made for this work, 1879 to 1886, inclusive, except in 1883 and 1885. A continuous annual expenditure of $100,000, or as much thereof as might be necessary for the maintenance of this service, was authorized by section 7 of the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888, and has been available 1210 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 each year to the present time. - In addition thereto, and to cover costs greatly increased by war conditions, an appropriation of $50,000 was made in the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, and allotments of $25,000, $20,000, $17,500, and $13,000 were made from War Depart- ment appropriation acts of June 30, 1922, March 2, 1923, June 7, 1924, and April 15, 1926, respectively. No modification of the project has been made since its adoption, except that the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909, included in the district to be served the Atchafalaya and Old Rivers from their junction with the Mississippi and Red Rivers to Melville, La. Recommended modifications of project. None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Forinformation under this heading reference should be made to the report on improving the Mississippi River between Ohio and Missouri Rivers and to reports of the Mississippi River Commission and district engineers thereunder. Effect of improvenent.-The work done has greatly increased the safety of life and property employed in navigation and has been of great benefit to commerce. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The entire district was patrolled and cleared of obstructions, except from Natchez to Head of Passes, 360 miles, where work was not required. The snag boat Wright was laid up at St. Louis, Mo., undergoing repairs until August 10, 1929, when it was put into commission and a snagging trip was made to Boeuf Island, Missouri River, and re- turn. A snagging trip was' made to Cairo, Ill., and the snag boat returned to St. Louis, Mo., October 14, where it was laid up under- going repairs. On December 10, the snag boat departed for the Cape Girardeau fleet where it was laid up in winter harbor from December 24, 1929, to February 28, 1930. The snag boat was towed to the engineer depot March 3 for repairs. The repairs were com- pleted March 15, when the snag boat was put into commission and departed on a snagging trip to Kansas City and return. At the close of the fiscal year the snag boat was at Wilhoite Bend (mile 244 above the mouth) on a second snagging trip to Kansas City. The snag boat Macomb was at St. Louis, Mo., undergoing repairs until August 3, 1929, when a snagging trip was made to Natchez, Miss., and return. The snag boat then returned to the Cape Girar- deau fleet, where it was laid up in winter harbor from November 21, 1929, to March 21, 1930, when it was towed to St. Louis for repairs. The snag boat was put into commission May 2, 1930, and departed on a snagging trip to Vicksburg. On June 30, 1930, the snag boat was laid up and transferred to Vicksburg, Miss., engineer district, where it will be used by that district for snagging between the mouth of the Ohio River and the Head of the Passes. During the snagging trips 2,434 snags were destroyed, 35 drift heaps removed, 75 trees cut, 3 wrecks removed, 13,500 linear feet of bank cleared for revetment and 4,492 miles run. Of this total, 657 snags were destroyed, 59 trees cut, 2 wrecks removed, and 1,324 miles were run on the Missouri River. The cost during the fiscal year was $89,009.50, all charged to maintenance. The total expenditures were $90,347.26. RIVERS AND HARBORS-ST. LOUIS, MO., DISTRICT 1211 Condition at end of flscai year.-The project being one of con- tinuous maintenance of channel, no estimate of completion and total cost can be made. Each freshet brings down new obstructions, and changes in location of channel, which are constantly going on, un- cover old obstructions. The number of obstructions destroyed an- nually varies from several hundred to several thousand (Annual Report 1920, p. 2503). This work is of great benefit to commerce and navigation of the river and disasters caused by vessels striking channel obstructions seldom occur. The controlling depths during the past low-water season were: Mouth of Missouri River to northern boundary of St. Louis, 6 feet; from northern boundary of St. Louis to Head of Passes, 9 feet. The total cost of the existing project at the end of the fiscal year is $4,390,279.85. The total expenditures under the existing project are $4,496,452.10, of which $3,834,575.13 was from appropriations pro- vided under the act of August 11, 1888. Proposed operations.-This work is continuous, since new obstruc- tions are brought down by each freshet. The funds unexpended, con- sisting of an allotment of $50,000 from the annual appropriation of $100,000 provided under the act of August 11, 1888, will be applied as follows: For the operation and maintenance of 1 snag boat, 6 snag-boat months of operation at $7,000 and 6 snag-boat months of maintenance at $1,000 by hired labor--- ------------------------------ -- $48, 000 Office and engineering---- ------------------------------------ 1, 000 Contingencies ------ --------- ----------------------- 1, 000 Total------------- --------------------------------- 50, 000 For the fiscal year 1932 it is believed that an allotment of $50,000 from the appropriation of $100,000 under the act of August 11, 1888, will be sufficient. Commercial statistics.-For information as to the commerce bene- fited by work under this appropriation, reference should be made to the commercial statistics in the report on Mississippi River between the Ohio River and Minneapolis, and in the reports of the engineer districts at Memphis, Tenn., Vicksburg, Miss., and New Orleans, La. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------- $4, 748, 907.20 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------ ----- 103, 549. 22 Net total cost to June 30, 1930----------------------- 4, 852, 456. 42 -Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------------- 11, 141.43 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930-------------------- 4, 863, 597. 85 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------- 8,518. 40 Net total expenditures----------------------------- 4, 855, 079. 45 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 31, 514. 57 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--....------ 4, 886, 594. 02 1212 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.......................... .... ........ Cost of maintenance....------------------ $90, 110. 07 $87, 124. 23 $161, 945.49 $54,960.31 $89, 009.50 Total expended........----------------------- 93, 744. 68 107, 732. 86 111,709.19 83, 947. 92 90, 347. 26 Allotted-___.. ----------- -- -----. 113,000. 00 100, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 100, 000. 00' 99,980. 89 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_....______.. $21, 880. 94 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act, Aug. 11, 1888- 0, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-------------------------- 121, 880. 94 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment___- -19. 11 Net amount to be accounted for----------------------- 121, 861. 83 Gross amount expended____------------ ____ - - $90, 742. 76 Less receipts from sales ---------------------------- 395. 50 90, 347. 26 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_ __-__-__-- --- ______ 31, 514. 57 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ..............- 10, 163. 41 Balance available June 30, 1930 __-__-__-____-___ 21, 351. 16 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930____________-____ _______ 11, 141. 43 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930____________ 32, 492. 59 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931-__-_ -- _-__--__ - 50, 000.00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931____- _____________ 82, 492. 59 5. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the Committees of Congress (uot including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous sur- veys, inspections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor line studies; fish net inspections; administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $8,774.80; the expenditures were $8,282.01. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $5,00'0 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930___-------------- ---------- $17, 428. 06 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------------- 1, 004. 14 Net total expenditures ____------------------- 16, 423. 92 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 7, 576. 08 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ---------------- 24, 000. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-ROOK ISLAND, ILL., DISTRICT 1213 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ------------------- --------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance__------------- ---------------------------------- $8, 653.26 $8,774.80 Total expended.... ---------------------------- 8,141.91 8, 282.01 Allotted ---------------------------------------------- $10, 00 000. 5,000.00 9, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------ $6, 858.09 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930_ ------------------------------ $7, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930- 2, 000. 00 9, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for ------------- 15, 858. 09 Gross amount expended----------------------- 8,282. 01 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------- , 576. 08 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------------------- ------ 1, 004. 14 Balance available June 30, 1930---------------------------6, 571. 94 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June -- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- --- 30, 1932 for maintenance 1_ _ 5, 000. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED MARCH 3, 1925, AND JULY 3, 1930 The local engineer was charged with the duty of making prelimi- nary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor acts approved March 3, 1925, and July 3, 1930, as follows, and re- ports theron will be duly submitted when received: 1. Big Muddy River, Ill. 2. Kaskaskia River, Ill. By resolution of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, House of Representatives, dated April 3, 1926, a review of reports on the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers, printed in House Documents Nos. 1374, Sixty-first Congress, third session, and 50, Sixty-first Congress, first session; and in River and Harbor Committee Documents Nos. 2, Sixty-seventh Congress, first session, 7, Sixty-seventh Congress, second session, and 4, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session, was re- quested. An interim report thereon was transmitted to the commit- tee May 11, 1928, and printed in River and Harbor Committee Doc- ument No. 12, Seventieth Congress, first session. Modification of the project recommended thereon was adopted by Congress in the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930. It is contemplated that a further report will be submitted when conditions affecting navigation require further consideration. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE ROCK ISLAND, ILL., DISTRICT The Rock Island district comprises the watershed of the Missis- sippi River from the mouth of the Wisconsin River to the mouth of the Illinois River (both exclusive), a distance of 423 miles, and includes locks at Keokuk, Moline, and at the Le Claire Canal; and 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1214 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 also the Illinois and Mississippi Canal. The district originally ex- tended from the mouth of the Missouri River to Minneapolis, Minn., but that part above the mouth of the Wisconsin River was trans- ferred to the St. Paul district on December 1, 1919, and that part below the mouth of the Illinois River was transferred to the St. Louis district on August 1, 1928. District engineer: Maj. Charles L. Hall, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Jackson, Corps of En- gineers, to October 10, 1929, and Lieut. Col. George R. Spalding, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Mississippi River between 5. Operating snag boats and Wisconsin River and Illi- dredge boats on upper Mis- nois River_______________1888 sissippi River and tributa- 2. Operating and care of lock ries_-_____-_______---- 1214 and dry dock at Keokuk, 6. Operating and care of Illi- I o wa (formerly Des nois and Mississippi Canal, Moines Rapids Canal) 1202 Ill11___-___------ 1216 3. Operating and care of lock 7. Mill Creek and South Slough and dam at Moline, Ill___ 1202 at Milan, Ill 1221 4. Operating and care of Le 8. Examinations, surveys, and Claire Canal, Iowa-------- 1202 contingencies (general) ___ 1223 1. For report on this improvement see page 1188. 2-4. For reports on these improvements see page 1202. 5. OPERATING SNAG BOATS AND DREDGE BOATS ON UPPER MISSIS- SIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES Location and description.-That portion of the Mississippi River covered by snag and dredge boat operations extends from the mouth of the Missouri River to the head of navigation, at Washington Avenue Bridge, Minneapolis--669 miles. In recent years Congress has extended the scope of the snag boat's operations up the Illinois from its mouth to La Salle-223 miles-and to the improved or partially improved portions of the Minesota, St. Croix, Chippewa, Black, Galena, and Rock Rivers, but these additions do not form any great part of the work and have so far been of minor importance. Original condition.-There were very many snags, overhanging trees, rock piles, and wrecks scattered along the river, and these were especially troublesome in the section St. Paul to Hastings and below Keokuk. There was also much work for dipper dredge boats in removing gravel bars and deepening the channel where there was hard bottom. Previovs project.-None. Existing project.-This provides for operating snag boats and removing snags, wrecks, trees, and other obstructions, and such temporary aid to navigation as may be proper and practicable in the Mississippi River between the mouth of the Missouri River and Minneapolis, 669 miles; in the Illinois River between its mouth and La Salle, 223 miles; and in the Minnesota, St. Croix, Chippewa, Black, Galena, and Rock Rivers. These operations are prosecuted under a permanent appropriation of not to exceed $25,000 annually. RIVERS AND HARBORS---ROCK ISLAND, ILL., DISTRICT 1215 The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1867, provided for the purchase and operation of two dredge boats and snag boats on the upper Missis- sippi River, and the act of August 11, 1888, provided for a perma- ient annual appropriation for the work; the act of March 2, 1907, added the Illinois River from its mouth to Copperas Creek to the project; and the act of March 3, 1909, added the Minnesota River and other tributaries of the upper Mississippi now or heretofore improved by the United States; i. e., the Illinois River from Cop- peras Creek to La Salle, and the Minnesota, St. Croix, Chippewa, Black, Galena, and Rock Rivers. A map on a very small scale, in three parts, is published in the Annual Report for 1914, pages 2448- 2452 and 2454. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-See reports on sections of the Mississippi River above the Missouri. Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been made safer by the removal of fixed obstructions, and accidents due to snags, wrecks, etc., are very rare. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Snag-boat work was performed by various Engineer Department boats in the Mississippi River between Minneapolis and the mouth of the Missouri River; also in the Illinois River between La Salle and the mouth of the river. During the fiscal year there were removed from the Mississippi River, by St. Paul District boats, 120 snags between Minneapolis and the Wisconsin River; by Rock Island District boats, 61 snags between Wisconsin River and Illnois River. No snags were removed from the Mississippi River between the Illinois River and Missouri River. On the Illnois River 21 snags were removed by Chicago District boats. The cost of the work during the fiscal year was $11,520.40; the expenditures were $11,831.15. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The rivers belonging to the snag- boat district were, so far as known, in good condition in regard to snags and other obstructions. The cost of snag-boat work to June 30, 1930, was $1,510,685.19. The expenditures were: From specific ap- propriations, $549,640, from permanent annual appropriation au- thorized by act of August 11, 1888, $961,045.19, total $1,510,685.19. Proposed operations.-Snags and other obstructions in the main river and certain tributaries will be removed through the occasional use when necessary of Engineer Department plant normally em- ployed on other tasks. Cost and finanoial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-----------------------1 $1, 510,685. 19 Net total expenditures .-. - --. .---- ------ 1, 510, 685. 19 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------- - 21, 713. 23 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-----____- 1, 532, 398.42 'Previous year's cost increased $559.67. This statement includes expenditures made by the Rock Island, first Chicago, St. Paul, and St. Louis districts. 11714---ENG 1930----77 1216 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, '1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ------------------------------------------------------------------ Cost of maintenance------------------.... $20, 324.76 $14, 720. 69 $24, 681.84 $16,951.01 $11, 520. 40 Total expended-----_-----------_------- 20,324. 76 14, 720. 69 24, 165.07 17, 716. 70 11, 831. 15 Allotted- ------------------------------- 25,000.00 25,000.00 25,000.00 25,000.00 24, 785.84 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_________ ___-_________________ $8,758. 54 Amount allotted from river and harbor act of August 11, 1888- -____ 25, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for__ -_____---_____-_______33, 758. 54 - Deductions on account of revocation of allotment_ .... ___--__-__- 214. 16 Net amount to be accounted for__ ____-___________----- 33, 544. 38 Gross amount expended ------------------------------------ _ 11, 831. 15 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_ 21, 713. 23 6. OPERATING AND CARE OF ILLINOIS AND MISSISSIPPI CANAL, ILL. Location and description.-This canal is 75 miles long and con- nects the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers, proceeding from a point on the Illinois River about 12 miles from La Salle. across the State of Illinois via Bureau Creek Valley, and over the summit to Rock River, down that fiver to its lower rapids, and around these rapids to a junction with the Mississippi River at the mouth of Rock River, 377 miles below the head of navigation, at Minneapolis, on the Mis- sissippi, and 269 miles above the mouth of the Illinois. The canal is fed by a navigable feeder 29.3 miles long, extending from Rock Falls, on the Rock River, to the summit level of the canal, entering the canal at a point 28 miles from the Illinois River. The object of the canal is to furnish, in conjunction with the Illinois River, the Illinois & Michigan Canal, the Chicago Sanitary Canal, and the Chi- cago River, a through waterway from Chicago, on Lake Michigan, to the Mississippi River. Original condition.--The canal was built across country, following no watercourse except Rock River for about 81/2 miles near its western end. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of a canal from the Illinois River, near Bureau Junction, running westerly via the Bureau Creek Valley to Rock River, near Colona, thence in the bed of Rock River to the rapids near Milan, Ill., and thence to the Mississippi River at the mouth of Rock River, at Rock Island, the length of the main line being 75 miles. The feeder, 29.3 miles in length, extends from Rock Falls, on Rock River, to the summit level of the canal, about 28 miles from the Illinois River. There are 32 locks in the main canal, described in the following tabulation. There is also a lock and controlling works at the head of the feeder at Rock Falls, and a lock in Rock River at Rock Falls connecting the pool of the Government dam with the power com- pany's dam below. This lock has dimensions similar to those in the main canal and cost $75,000. RIVERS AND HARBORS-ROCK ISLAND, ILL., DISTRICT 1217 The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1902 (H. Doc. No. 297, 57tli Cong., 1st sess.), is $8,911,551.12. The cost of operation and maintenance is payable from the permanent indefinite appro- priation for operating and care of canals. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890 (H. Doc. No. 316, 51st Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is shown on page 2013 of Annual Report for 1908. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, provides for the payment of $8,450.75 to the Mud Creek special drainage district for work accomplished by the said district in reducing the maintenance cost on the canal to the United States (H. Doc. No. 108, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The act also authorizes the Secretary of War to expend from funds appropriated and available for maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works the sum of $25,235 as a contribution toward the relocation and reconstruction of the highway bridge across the Illinois and Mississippi Canal at Wyanet, Bureau County, Ill., known as Bridge No. 10: Provided, That the highway authorities of Bureau County, Ill., furnish assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War that they will reconstruct and maintain said bridge without further cost to the United States. TABLE SHOWING IMPORTANT FEATURES OF LOCKS IN ILLINOIS AND MISSISSIPPI CANAL i i 1 I I Cost of Length Greatest Distance of lock Width length Lift at Depth on Depth or Year Gates, from chamber of low upper lower Foundation com- material Gates, kind Cost of Designation) Distance from nearest city Illinois between cham- available sill at sillat lock for full water low water low water pleted River miter ber width sills -1 - I I I - Miles Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet 0. 38 230 35 141 9.0 8.17 7.0 Sand and clay......... 1906 Wood_ Miter........ $43,263.04 Illinois River, 2,000 feet west. 0 2 At Bureau Junction....... 1. 25 230 35 141 9.0 8.17 7.0 Sand, clay, and gravel- 1906 ___do-..........do-....... 43, 598. 60 3- M mile west of Bureau 1.95 230 35 141 9.0 8.17 7.0 Quicksand and gravel_ 1906 __do--..........do........ 40, 687.10 Junction. 4----------23 miles west of Bureau 3. 45 230 35 141 9.0 8.17 7.0 Sand and gravel....... 1906 39, 688.37 . do........ Junction. --do........ 6--------- 5----- 33 miles west of Bureau 4. 60 230 35 141 8.0 8.17 do--................. 7.0 ..... 1906 40, 596. 20 0 Junction. 6.... 5 miles west of Bureau 6. 50 230 35 141 10. 0 8.17 7.0 Sand, hardpan, and 1906 ___do----...........do ....... I 42, 944. 48 Junction. gravel. 8--,---- 7 -------- 3 miles east of Tiskilwa_.... 7.20 230 35 141 8.0 8.17 7.0 Loam and sand....... 1906 , do__-- ....do........37, 347. 55 8... 2 miles east of Tiskilwa .... 8. 20 217 35 151 8.0 8.17 7.0 .....do........._....... 1906 Marshall and 36, 930. 86 miter. 1' miles east of Tiskilwa__ 8. 50 217 35 151 8.0 8.17 7.0 Clay..........-....... 1906 .,do---- -....do-........ 32, 747. 89 9 ------ 10------ At Tiskilwa-----------. 10. 30 217 35 151 9.0 8.17 7.0 Sand and gravel....... 1906 .,do 1906 .,do__-- .....- do---.................-- -....do........ 34,549. 94 do........37, 154. 43 M 11- 1 mile west of Tiskilwa____ 11. 10 217 35 151 9. 0 8.17 7.0 ..-.. 12 .........1% miles west of Tiskilwa_ 11. 60 217 35 151 8.0 8.17 1906 .,do---- 7.0 .....do.....-------............ do........36, 476.36 13 -- - - 3 miles west of Tiskilwa__. 12. 35 217 35 151 10. 0 8.17 7.0 Loam and clay........ 1906 do........32, 869. 11 14 .........3 miles east of Wyanet...- 13. 25 217 35 151 10. 0 8.17 7.0 Sand and gravel....... 1906 --..... do........31, 972. 98 _ do........30, 324.44 ... 15 ------ 2% miles east of Wyanet.. 13. 80 217 35 151 10.0 8.17 7.0 -.... do--................. 1906 ,do ..... , do...... 14. 00 217 151 11.0 8.17 7.0 Loam, clay, and sand_ 1906 34, 607. 85 16 .... -- 2 miles east of Wyanet... . 217 35 151 10. 0 8.17 7.0 Sand and gravel....... 1906 , do__-- -..._do --........ 32, 975. 11 17 .........1% miles east of Wyanet. 14. 30 35 18 -- - - 1 mile east of Wyanet_..... 15. 20 217 35 151 9.0 8.17 7.0 Clay and gravel....... 1906 ..... ,,do,,,,, 35, 901. 29 do---........-- 19 . . . . At Wyanet__----------- 16. 10 217 35 151 10. 0 8.17 7. Sand and gravel .... 1906 .,do---- --... O ,,do,,,,, 34, 620. 29 do-------........ 20------ 1 mile west of Wyanet_..... 17. 10 217 35 151 11.0 8.17 Loam, clay, and sand, 1906 _ ..do........38, 292. 39 21 . . . 13 miles west of Wyanet__ 17. 40 217 35 151 11.0 8.17 7.O 8.0 -.... do -...... ..--- ..-- 1906 8.3 Limestone_...-------- ,,do,,, Mitrdo........ 39, 632. 51 Miter ........ 32, 712. 57 923 Guard lock. 29 miles north main-line 57. 00 228 35 141 (1) 8. 3 1906 canal. Rock River At Rock Falls, Ill........ 57. 13 170 35 141 (1) 8. 5 7.0 I- -- do ...........--. 75, 605. 01 1912 ___do-.........do-........ 2 Lock. do........41, 863. 97 22---------- 13 miles west of Wyanet___ 28. 80 226 35 141 9.0 8. 17 7.0 Clay----------.---..- 1906 __do ....--- 23---------- 10 miles east of Geneseo_ _ 38. 30 2243 35 141 11.0 8.17 7.0 - .- do---_------------ 1906. _____do........ 41, 356. 46 -- 48. 30 226 % 35 141 11.0 8.17 7.0 Clay and gravel ..... 1906 --do-- 47. 034. 32 0 24 -- - - At Geneseo___ do ....... ..... 25 5- miles west of Geneseo__ ------ 53. 75 2241 35 141 8.0 8.17 7.0 Sand.............----- 1906 ....do........40, 479. 10 54. 70 226Y 35 141 9.0 8.17 7.0 .....do-..... ------ 1906 __do do..-.... ....do 40, 404, 75 26 ------ 5 miles east of Colona__ ._do_ _ ..... ........39. 077,16 27 .------ 2Y miles east of Colona_.- 57. 00 2241 35 141 8.0 8.17 7.0 Gravel._ .----- 1906 28--------- At Colonsa--------------- 59. 5 224 35 141 8.0 8. 17 7.0 Rock....------ ----- 1906 .__do..... ..... do-........ 30,786.53 29....--------- 2 miles west of Colona... 61.90 224k 35 141 11. 8. 17 7.0 ... do----.............. 1906 .. do... .....do-........ 36,631.54 30....---------.1 miles east of Milan...__ 70.30 238 35 141 0.0 7. 7.0 Rock, etc., hardpan--_ 1894 ..- do---- do- - 71,588.00 31---------1 mile west of Milan....... 72.90 238 35 141 6. O 7. O 7. O Clay and gravel_---- 1894 ---do- _ -do-__ _- 38, 711.44 32--------- 31 miles west.of Milan-.. 75.00 238 35 141 12. O0 8. 0 7. O _-_do __,-------------- 1894 _.do- .. do-__ ... 85,468. 31 NOTE.-There are no dams except at the guard lock and at Lock 30. At the former locality there is a fixed dam across the Rock River, with a movable crest constructed of a concrete power dam a short distance below; the south dam adjoining Lock 30 has been reinforced with concrete laid in the water. I Variable. 2 Rock River Lock is on Rock River at Rock Falls, Ill. It is located in the south end of the Sterling Dam and about 660 feet below the guard lock of the Illinois and Mississippi Canal (feeder section). ':1 1220 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act approved July 3, 1930, authorizes the contribution by the United States of $25,235 toward the cost of con- struction of Bridge No. 10 at Wyanet, Ill., subject to the conditions that the highway authorities of Bureau County, Ill., furnish assur- ances satisfactqry to the Secretary of War that they will reconstruct and maintain said bridge without further cost to the United States. These conditions have not yet been complied with. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The commerce is not commensurate with the cost of the canal and its operation, but it is hoped that when the Illinois waterway now under construction by the State of Illinois is completed there will be considerable traffic from Chicago and Lake Michigan through to the Mississippi River at Rock Island and Davenport. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The work done during the fiscal year consisted in removing deposits of mud from canal prism at the various lock entrances and aqueducts and in Rock River; repairs to locks, aqueducts, bridges, buildings, and telephone lines; painting bridges and buildings and repairing abutment to aqueduct No. 9. During the fiscal year 1930 the canal was open to navigation 260 days. The cost of operation was $170,006.53. Ex- penditures were $172,668.29. Condition at end of fiscal year.-All locks (33 in number), dams, aqueducts, buildings, and other appurtenances are in fair condition. The cost for operating and care of the canal to June 30, 1930, $3,237,675.50. The total expenditures under the existing project for the construction of the canal were $7,547,278.04. The amount ex- pended from the permanent appropriation to June 30, 1930, was $3,261,566.90. Proposed operations.-The canal will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation pro- vided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($33,685.75), over and above allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation will be applied as follows: Payment to Mud Creek special drainage district-------------------$8, 450. 75 Payment toward construction of Bridge No. 10, Wyanet, Ill---____ 25, 235. 00 Total----------------- ---------------------------------- 33, 685. 75 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the past five years was as follows: Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925_------_... 14, 929 $218,176 17, 316 1928 _ 18, 611 $104, 407 5, 021 .......---. 1926------- 14, 136 293, 889 18, 035 1929 -________ 30, 161 370, 930 2, 721 1927__------_ ...... 14, 513 145, 539 12, 954 RIVERS AND HARBORS-ROCK ISLAND, ILL., DISTRICT 1221 Cost and financial summary for maintenance and improvement funds Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------------$7, 547, 278. 04 Net total expenditures____-------------------------------------- 7, 547, 278. 04 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930___ _------ _____--- 7, 547, 278. 04 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------------------------------------- -- 33, 685. 75 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for new work______________--------------------------------- 33, 685. 75 Cost and financial summary for operating and care funds Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ----------------------- $3, 237. 675.50 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---------- 35, 000. 00 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 111111111111 1---- 3, 272, 675. 50 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1.930 _----------11, 108. 60 Net total expenditures -- ------- ---- 3, 261, 566. 90 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_----- 22, 370. 63 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 3, 283, 937. 53 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work__ - - - - - - - -- - Cost of maintenance - - - $143, 974. 29 $142, 998. 65 $206, 830. 23 $175, 685. 82 $170, 006. 53 Total expended----- - --- 143, 974. 29 142, 998. 65 181, 254. 49 180, 085. 65 172, 668. 29 Allotted ed- 150,000.00 160,000. 00 175,000.00 165, 000. 00 177, 500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------- $17, 538. 92 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, sec. 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909_------- __-------------- --- 177, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for 95, 038. 92 1---------------------------- Gross amount expended_________________________- $174 307. 87 Less receipts from sales_-__ 1, 639. 58 172, 668.29 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_______________---- __ 22, 370. 63 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930__ 1, 108. 60 1-------------- Amount covered by uncompleted contracts ------------ 8, 584. 00 - 19, 692. 60 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------__-_____ 2, 678. 03 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931---------------------------- 170, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931---------------------- 172, 678.03 7. MILL CREEK AND SOUTH SLOUGH AT MILAN, ILL. Location and description.-Mill Creek empties into South Slough about 1 mile east of the town of Milan, Ill., and 6.5 miles above the mouth of South Slough, which empties into the Mississippi River. The stream is 16.5 miles in length with a drainage area of 63 square miles, an average slope of 15.7 feet per mile, and a discharge of torrential character in time of floods. Original condition.- Originally Mill Creek emptied into Rock River about 1 mile east of the town of Milan, Ill., and the town was subject to overflow from both Mill Creek and Rock River. By the 1Previous costs decreased $5,765.97. 1222 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY) 1930 construction of the Illinois and Mississippi Canal, the town of Milan was protected from Rock River floods, but Mill Creek was diverted into South Slough, resulting in more frequent overflows from Mill Creek. The stream is not now and has never been navigable. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927 (H. Doc. No. 148, 69th Cong., 1st sess.), provided for the diversion of Mill Creek into Rock River by the construction of an inverted siphon under the Illinois and Mississippi Canal, or flood gates in the walls of the canal, or a combination of these or other works, as may be found most efficient and economical by the Chief of Engineers, together with necessary levees on both banks of Mill Creek provided local interests furnish free of cost to the United States the necessary rights of way, agree to hold and save the United States from any and all claims for damages, past or future, arising from Mill Creek floods, and give satisfactory assurances that they will carry out either of the cooperative proposals mentioned in afore- said House document. An allotment of $67,000 was made for work under this project but on account of local interests being unable to furnish the required cooperation and the allotment being insufficient to carry out the work under the approved plan, no work has been done. The costs and expenditures amounted to $85.24. Existing project.-This provides for flood gates in the walls of the canal, or other devices for carrying the flood waters of Mill Creek across the canal right of way into Rock River, for the construction of a levee on the east bank of Mill Creek extending from the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad to the canal embankment, for the construction of a levee on the west bank of Mill Creek and its exten- sion in a westerly direction to a connection with Water Street at the point " E," shown on map in project document and for the removal of obstructions in Mill Creek and South Slough, at an estimated cost of $87,500 for new work and $2,000 annually for maintenance. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930 (R. and H. Com. Doc., No. 19, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recomnended modificationi of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act adopting the project provides that no structures be built on privately owned land unless a right of way is provided therefor free of charge to the United States; and that the United States shall have no responsibility for the maintenance of the levees. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-When completed the project will elimi- nate flood hazard in Milan without destroying existing protection from Rock River floods afforded by the Illinois and Mississippi Canal. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations. No costs. No expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-This is a new project on which no work has as yet been done. Proposed operations.-No funds are now available for work under this project. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($87,500, all for new work), will be applied to the construction of the authorized project. RIVERS AND HARBORS-ROCK ISLAND, ILL., DISTRICT 1223 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ---------------------- __ _ $85. 24 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------- ---------------- Net total expenditures ---------------------------------------- 85. 24 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------------------- 85. 24 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work......-------------------------------------------------- $85. 24 ............ Cost of maintenance---------------------------------------------------- ------------ Total expended--..---------------------------------------- ----------- 85. 24 -------...- Allotted-..........---------------------- ----------------------- $67,000.00 ------------------- Balance unexpended July 1', 1929--_-__--- __--------------- _-_ $66, 914. 76 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-------------- 66, 914. 76 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_-------------------------- --- --- 87, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for new work__-- ------------------------------ 87, 500. 00 8. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of prelim- inary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in House Docu- ment No. 308, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session, or by section 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line studies; fish-net inspection; administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $1,573.30; the ex- penditures were $1,573.30. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930' will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The addi- tional sum of $4,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ $1, 967. 24 Net total expenditures------------ -------------------------- , 967. 24 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------- ------- 6, 532. 76 Total amount appropr:ated to June 30, 1930--------------- 8, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------------------.-------------------------------------------- $9.--.--- Cost of maintenance.......... . $1, 573. 0 Total expended ... 393. 94 1................ 1, 573. 30 Allotted-- . ------------........... .. ... ................... $500.00 1,000.00 7,000.00 1224 REPORT OF 'CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__ $1,106.06 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------ $5, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928-------------------------------1, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929________ ______________ _ 1, 000. 00 7, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for- ___--- __--- ----- 8, 106. 06 Gross amount expended___ 1, 573. 30 1___________-_____ Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_____---------------- 6, 532. 76 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June --- -- --- -- -- -- -- --- -- -- --- -- --- -- - 4, 000. 00 30, 1932, for maintenance 1_ EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JULY 3, 1930 The local engineer was charged with the duty of making prelimi- nary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Mississippi River in the vicinity of Hamilton, Ill. 2. Rock River, Ill., from the water-power dam at Rock ford to the dam at the head of the feeder of the Illinois and Mississippi Canal at or near Sterling, thence by way of the canal feeder to the Illinois and Mississippi Canal, with a view to securing a navigable channel 9 feet in depthi and of suitable width. 3. Illinois and Mississippi Canal, Ill., from the Illinois River at Bureau Junction to the Mississippi River at Rock Island, with a view to securing a navigable channel 9 feet in depth and of suitable width by dredging and enlarging the locks; also with a view to devising a plan which will reduce the number of locks in the waterway. 4. Rock River, Ill. and Wis., from Janesville to the water-power dam at Rockford, with a view to securing a navigable channel 9 feet in depth and of suitable width. 5. Waterway from Colona, Ill., in a northwesterly direction to the Mississippi River act Moline pool. REPORT MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated December 7, 1928, a review of reports on Mill Creek and South Slough, at Milan, Ill., printed in House Document No. 148, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 19, Seventy-first Con- gress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project at an estimated cost of $87,500, with $2,500 annually for maintenance. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-ST. PAUL, MINN., DISTRICT 1225 IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE ST. PAUL, MINN., DISTRICT The district includes the Mississippi River and its tributaries from its source to and including the Wisconsin River; Red River of the North, Minn. and N. Dak., and its tributaries; and those waters in North Dakota north of the Missouri River watershed. On July 31, 1919, the international boundary waters in Minnesota which flow toward Hudson Bay, prior to that date included in this district, were transferred to the Duluth, Minn., district. On December 1, 1919, the Mississippi River, between the mouth of the Wisconsin River and Minneapolis, Minn., formerly a part of the Rock Island, Ill., district, was transferred to this district. On February 7, 1930, the Wisconsin River, formerly included in the Milwaukee (Wis.) district, was transferred to this district. District engineer: Maj. R. C. Williams, Corps of Engineers, to August 8, 1929, and Lieut. Col. Wildurr Willing, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Brig. Gen. T. H. Jackson, Corps of Engineers, to October 10, 1929, and Lieut. Col. George R. Spalding, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMIENTS Page Page 1. Mississippi River between 5. Gaging Mississippi River and mouth of Wisconsin River its tributaries, at or near and Minneapolis, Minn __. 1188 St. Paul, Minn_------------ 1225 2. Operating and care of Twin 6. St. Croix River, Wis., and City Lock and Dam, Missis- Minn__--------------------- 1226 sippi River _-___________ -1188 7. Minnesota River, Minn------ 1228 3. Reservoirs at headwaters of Mississippi River _ ______ 1188 S. Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general) ___ 1230 4. Operating and care of reser- voirs at headwaters of Mis- sissippi River ____________ 1188 1 to 4. For reports on these improvements see page 1188. 5. GAGING MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES AT OR NEAR ST, PAUL, MINN. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for gaging the waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries. The work carried on is the establishment, maintenance, and reading of gages at or near St. Paul, Minn. Gages have been maintained under annual allotments from the appropria- tion provided for in joint resolution of February 21, 1871, modified by section 6 of river and harbor act of August 11, 1888, and section 9 of river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. Operations and results during fiscal year -Gages were read at Montevideo and Mankato, on the Minnesota River, and at Taylors Falls, on the St. Croix River, during the year. The costs were $350 and the expenditures the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.--Gages have been established, read, and maintained at various, points on the Mississippi River and its tributaries in the vicinity of St. Paul. The total costs to June 30, 1930, were $12,782.31 and the total expenditures the same. 1226 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY,' 1-930 Proposed operations.-The reading and maintenance of gages at Montevideo and Mankato on the Minnesota River will be continued and gages read and maintained at Elk River and Days High Landing on the Mississippi River. Cost and finanoial sunmmary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- -- $12, 782. 31 Net total expenditures_---- ----------- --------------- 12, 782. 31 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__ _------------------- 12, 782. 31 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 -1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-. .. ------------- ------------ ---------- --- ------ Cost of maintenance......-------------------- $350 $350 . $350 $350 $350 Total expended._.------------------------ 350 350 350 350 350 Allotted--. ----------------------------- 350 350 350 350 350 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 13, 1902 --------------------------------------------------------- $350 Gross amount expended ------------------------------------------ 35 6. ST. CROIX RIVER, WIS. AND MINN. Location and description.-The source of the river is in north- western Wisconsin. It is about 160 miles long and for its greater part forms the boundary between Wisconsin and Minnesota. It flows southwesterly and then southerly into the Mississippi River at Pres- cott, Wis., 26.9 miles below St. Paul, Minn. The portion included in this improvement extends from the mouth to Taylors Falls, a dis- tance of 52.3 miles. The lower 25 miles is known as Lake St. Croix. The drainage area is 7,290 square miles. At the St. Croix Falls Dam, three-quarters of a mile above the bridge at Taylors Falls, the discharge at low water is 1,200 second-feet; at extreme high water, 35,800 second-feet. During navigation season mean low-water dis- charge is 1,670 second-feet and mean extreme high water, 17,000 second-feet. During the lower stages the flow is manipulated by the power company located at St. Croix- Falls, under regulations pre- scribed by the Secretary of War in 1918. The low stages during navigation season occur in July, August, September, and October; high stages in April, May, and June. From Taylors Falls to Lake St. Croix, a distance of 2.7 miles, the width is 130 to 800 feet and the fall 0.7 foot per mile. Lake St. Croix is 25.3 miles long, 1,500 to 6,500 feet wide, and nearly level. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of Minnesota, scale 1: 500,000, for general location.) Original condition.-The ruling low-water depth on the bars above Lake St. Croix was 2 feet. In Lake St. Croix the channel was in most places 8 to 10 feet deep, but narrow and tortuous. The head of navigation for boats was Taylors Falls, Minn., 52.3 miles from the mouth, and for logs the headwater tributaries. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 200 feet wide and 6 feet deep at low water between the mouth and Stillwater (24 miles), and a channel 3 feet deep at mean low water between Stillwater and RIVERS AND HARBORS---ST. PAUL, MINN., DISTRICT 1227 Taylors Falls (28 miles); also the improvement of the harbor and water front at Stillwater. The ordinary fluctuations between mean low and mean high water are about 7.5 feet at Osceola and about 17.8 feet at Stillwater. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1927, is $150,400. The latest (1927) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 18, 1878, provided for dredging, etc., for a 3-foot channel between the mouth and Taylors Falls (H. Dec. No. 75, pt. 6, 43d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of June 3, 1896, provided for the harbor and water front at Stillwater; and the act of January 21, 1927, provided for the 6-foot channel to Stillwater (H. Doc. No. 378, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest printed map is in House Doctment No. 1008, Sixty- fourth Congress, first session. Reconimmended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-At Stillwater there is a concrete-paved levee, 550 feet long and 40 feet wide, sloping from the top of the river bank to the water. There is also a piling and timber trestle wharf on the right bank, of which 276 feet is dock and 96 feet approach. This wharf is equipped with a 15-ton locomotive crane. These were built by the city and are open to the public. Except for the locomotive crane there are no unloading or transfer devices. At other points along the river, landings are made on the banks. Effect of improvement.-Commercial navigation on the river has been very limited during recent years. Pleasure boats and excursion steamers are the principal users of these waters. The improvement has given a somewhat improved channel. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Channel dredging was carried on at Hudson (mile 17), Catfish Bar (mile 11), and Kin- nickinic (mile 6), the cuts aggregating 4,030 feet in length. One pipe-line dredge was engaged on this work and a total of 76,749 cubic yards of sand and gravel was removed. The work was done by hired labor with Government plant. The costs during the year were $11,014.78 for new work. The expenditures were $11,226.42. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is completed, but an- nual maintenance will be required. The maximum draft that could be carried June 30, 1930, was 2 feet at mean low water above Still- water, and 6 feet at low water between Stillwater and the mouth. The total costs to June 30, 1930, were $183,265, of which $150,409.50 were for new work and $32,855.50 for maintenance. The total ex- penditures were $183,265. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the unexpended balance ($3,000) to channel maintenance dredging with Government plant between Stillwater and the mouth of the river. It is expected that these funds will be exhausted by November 1, 1930. The sum of $2,500 can be profitably expended in channel mainte- nance dredging between Stillwater and the mouth of the river during the fiscal year 1932. Com4mercial statistics.-Commerce on this river, which had been inactive since 1921, was revived late in 1929 by the operations of.the Inland Waterways Corporation, in through traffic between Stillwater and Mississippi River points. 1228 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Considerable use is made of the river by excursion steamers and pleasure launches, for which no statistics are available. Cost amd financial saummary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_____________________ _ $150, 409. 50 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930___________________________ 32, 855. 50 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930______________ 183, 265. 00 Net total expenditures 265. 00 1-------------------------- Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---___________________________ 3, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930________________- 186, 265. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work........ ------------------------------------ $7, 985. 22 $11, 014. 78 Cost of maintenance-.....---------------- ----------------------- $53. 30 Total expended_..------------------------ ---. $1. 15 2, 998. 85 7, 773. 58 11, 226. 42 Allotted_.--- -- ---- ----------------- ------------ 3, 000. 00 19, 000.00 --------- 3, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929______- $11, 226. 42 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930----------------- -------------------------- 3, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for _____ -_________ _________ 14, 226. 42 Gross amount expended ------------------------------------ 11, 226. 42 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_______________________ 3, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance -------------- ------------------- 2, 500.00 7. MINNESOTA RIVER, MINN. Location and description.-This river has its source in South Dakota, about 35 miles from Browns Valley, Minn. It is about 400 miles in length, its general direction of flow being easterly, and it empties into the Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn. Its drainage area is 16,600 square miles. The mean low-water discharge during the navigation season is about 1,000 second-feet and the high-water discharge about 24,500 second-feet. The low-water stages occur in August, September, and October; high water in April, May, June, and July. The width of the section under improvement varies from 100 to 300 feet and its slope is 0.05 foot per mile. For general loca- tion see United States Geological Survey map of Minnesota. Original condition.-The ruling low-water depth at the mouth was not more than 2 feet. From the mouth to Shakopee, a distance of 25.6 miles, there was a least low-water depth of 7 feet, and from Shakopee to Little Rapids, 11.4 miles, a least depth of 3 feet. From Little Rapids to Mankato, a distance of 77.7 miles, the river was navigable only at the higher stages. Above Mankato navigation was possible only at very high water. Along the entire course the channel was obstructed by bowlders, snags, and overhanging trees. 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--ST. PAUL, MINN., DISTRICT 1229 Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1867, and modified by the acts of August 11, 1888, and July 13, 1892. The costs and expenditures on the orig- inal and modified projects were $117,542.79 for new work, all prior to adoption of existing project in 1892. For further details of previous projects see page 1890 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for open-channel improvement from the Mississippi River to Shakopee (25.6 miles) to accommodate vessels of 3-fo6t draft. The object to be accomplished by this im- provement is to obtain a channel with 4 feet of water from the Mis- sissippi River to Shakopee, which will accommodate vessels of 3-foot draft. The fluctuation in level from mean low to mean high water is 8.6 feet, and from extreme low to extreme high water 19.7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1892, is $10,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892 (p. 2209 of the Annual Report for 1891). The latest pub- lished map will be found on page 1574 of the Annual Report for 1888. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.--None. Effect of improvement.-Freight boats used the river in the past very little. The only users at present are small pleasure craft, which have had a somewhat improved channel due to the improvement. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done nor expenditures made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 94 per cent completed. From April 15 to July 15 a draft of 5 feet is practicable, and from July 15 to the end of October about 3 feet. Work done has been the removal of snags and bowlders between Minnesota Falls, 254 miles above the mouth, and a point 17 miles above Shako- pee. In 1893 a low dam was built half a mile above the mouth of the river, which created slack-water navigation to Shakopee. This made the main outlet through the Fort Snelling chute, about 1.5 miles above the mouth proper. This dam was removed in 1908, and by dredging and contraction work the original mouth was opened up. Little work has been done since 1911, and the mouth has become so choked with sand bars and snags that navigation by steamboat is impossible except at medium and high stages. The maximum draft that could be carried June 30, 1929, at mean low water was 2 feet. From the Fort Snelling chute to Shakopee the project has been com- pleted, but the stretch from Fort Snelling chute to the mouth of the river (1.5 miles) is not finished. The total costs to June 30, 1930, under the existing project, were $28,285.87, being $9,282.42 for new work and $19,003.45 for maintenance. The expenditures were the same. Proposed operations.-None; there being no funds available. So far as can be foreseen at this time. no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-There was no commerce in 1929. No freight has moved on this river during the past few years, the only users being small pleasure craft. 1230 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------- ------- $126, 825. 21 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 19, 003. 45 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ---------- 145, 828. 66 Net total expenditures----------------------------- ------------ 145, 828. 66 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- 145, 828. 66 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------..................----------------- ---------------------- ----------- Cost ofmaintenance--.....------------------- ------------------------------------ Total expended---....................------------------...... 20---- $3. .---------- ---- ------------ Allotted ___.__.__.---------------- - ---------.... -$1, 000. 00 ...... -$314. 85 ------- 8. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doec. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928) ; collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; special hydraulic tests with models of improvement structures; and minor routine examinations. The cost of work during the year was $5,801.24; the expenditures were $5,490.53. The total costs to June 30, 1930, were $6,292.01; total expenditures $5,981.30. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ($18,518.70), will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $9,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $6, 292. 01 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 310. 71 Net total expenditures _________________________ 5, 981. 30 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------------18., 518. 70 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_________________ 24,500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work_ Cost of maintenance--- ------------ ------------------- ---- $490. 77 -$5, 801. 24 Total expended------------------- --------............................ .... -------------------- 490. 77 5, 490. 53 Allotted..-------------------_ ----------------------- $600.00 900.00 23,000. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-KANSAS CITY, MO., DISTRICT 1231 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------------- $1, 009.23 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--_---------------------------- $15,000.00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930_ 5, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act- approved Feb. 28, 1929------------------------------- 3, 000. 00 23, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for __------------------24, 009. 23 Gross amount expended..----------------------------------------5, 490. 53 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------------- 18, 518.70 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_------- -------------------- 357. 41 Balance available June 30, 1930__-------------------------- 18, 161. 29 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9, 000. 00 EXAMINATION MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE ACT APPROVED FEBRUARY 12, 1929 Report dated December 16, 1929, on preliminary examination of Mouse River, N. Dak., with a view to the control of its floods, required by the act approved February 12, 1929, was duly submitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and was transmitted to Con- gress and printed in House Document No. 282, Seventy-first Con- gress, second session. Recommendation is made for a survey of Mouse River, N. Dak., with a view to the control of its floods, at an estimated cost of $15,000. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys required by the river and har- bor act approved July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Black River, Wis. 2. ft. Croix River, Wis. and Minn., from Stillwater to its mouth. 3. Minnesota River, Minn. 4. Survey of Lake City Harbor,Minn. 5. Mississippi River in the vicinity of Minneapolis, Minn. 6. Mississippi River, from Brainerd to Minneapolis,Minn. By resolution of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representatives, dated December 7, 1928, a review of re- ports on Minneapolis Harbor, Minn., printed in House Document No. 1512, Sixty-third Congress, third session, is requested, and report thereon will be submitted as soon as practicable. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE KANSAS CITY, MO., DISTRICT The improvement of the entire Missouri River and its tributaries has heretofore been under the jurisdiction of the Kansas City dis- trict. The jurisdiction of that section of the Missouri River from its mouth to St. Charles, Mo. (28.7 miles), was transferred to the St. Louis district, effective January 24, 1930; the jurisdiction was further extended, effective July 1, 1930, up to and including the bridge at Hermann, Mo. (about 104 miles). 1 Exclusive of available funds. 11714---ENG 1930-----78 1232 REPORT OF CHIEFF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 There was also established on April 1, 1930, a suboffice at Sioux City, Iowa, under direct jurisdiction of the division engineer for the purpose of undertaking experimental work on the Missouri River in the vicinity of Sioux City, with a view to determining the practi- cability of different types of contraction works under the river and ice conditions prevailing at the upper end of the middle Missouri River improvement, and also with a view to determining the practica- bility of securing an adequate channel of 6 feet and of ample width for profitable barge navigation, and its probable cost. District engineers: At Kansas City, Mo., Maj. G. R. Young, Corps of Engineers, to June 24, 1930, and Lieut. Col. Richard C. Moore, Corps of Engineers, since that date. At St. Louis, Mo., Maj. John C. Gotwals, Corps of Engineers. Officer in charge of Sioux City, Iowa, suboffice, Capt. S. E. Nortner, Corps of Engineers. Division engineers: Brig. Gen. T. H. Jackson, Corps of Engineers, to October 10, 1929, and Lieut. Col. George R. Spalding, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Missouri River, Kansas City 5. Osage River, Mo__________. 1246 to mouth_________----- 1233 6. Operating and care of Lock 2. Missouri River, Kansas City, and Dam No. 1, Osage Mo., to Sioux City, Iowa___ 1239 River ___________-__--- 1250 3. Missouri River, Sioux City, 7. Gasconade River, Mo-_'_---- 1251 Iowa, to Fort Benton, Mont_ 1243 8. Examinations, surveys, and 4. Missouri River at and near contingencies (general) _ 1254 the towns of Niobrara, Nebr., and Yankton, S. Dak_ 1246 MISSOURI RIVER Location and description.-The Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin Rivers conjoin at Three Forks, Mont., to form the Missouri River, which flows southeasterly 2,551 miles across or along seven States to the Mississippi River, 17 miles above St. Louis. The stream in its natural state is characterized by instability of channel, shifting sand bars and shore accretions, and extensive erosion of its alluvial banks by swift, undercutting currents. Low-water stages occur in the late fall and winter, succeeded by a secondary flood in April and the annual June high water. Navigation is halted or seriously impeded during winter months by ice and low stages. The following tabulation gives (1) miles above mouth; (2) drain- age area in square miles; (3) maximum discharge during year; (4) minimum discharge during navigation season; (5) minimum discharge during year; (6) fluctuation in feet between high and low water; and (7) elevation of low water in feet above sea level: Discharge in second-feet 1 2 6 7 3 4 5 Mouth of River-_ _--. ________ ________ 529, 350 800, 000 24, 200 13, 000 30 397 Kansas City-.---- 390 489,160 600, 000 20, 000 8,000 34 722 Sioux City2-------- - 807 314, 520 350, 000 11, 600 6,750 22 1,083 Fort Benton.---------_-__---- 2, 285 24, 570 107, 000 1,420 1,420 16 2,616 Three Forks-----------_ 2, 551 13, 880 ----- ..... . ........... 4, 053 RIVERS AND HARBORS-KANSAS CITY, MO., DISTRICT 1233 Based on physical characteristics five main divisions exist. (a) Mouth to Yellowstone River, 1,760 miles; gradient, 0.84 foot per mile; width, 1,000 to 3,000 feet. (b) Yellowstone River to Fort Benton, the head of through navigation, 525 miles; gradient, 1.4 feet; width, 600 to 1,000 feet. (c) Fort Benton to Great Falls, 49 miles; gradient,.14.2 feet. Several falls and rapids are developed for hydroelectric power. (d) Great Falls to Cascade, 55 miles; gradient, one-half foot. (e) Cascade to Three Forks, 162 miles; gradient, over 4 feet, partly con- centrated by power dams. For administrative and improvement purposes the navigable por- tion is divided into three sections, each the subject. of a separate report, as follows: Miles 1. Mouth to Kansas City (Quindaro Bend) ---------------------------- 398 2. Kansas City (Quindaro Bend) to Sioux City- __ ___-___ ___- 409 3. Sioux City to Fort Benton____________ ____________ 1, 478 1. MISSOURI RIVER, KANSAS CITY TO THE MOUTH Location and description.-See preceding paragraph. Practically the entire length is contained within the State of Missouri. Princi- pal tributaries: Kaw, Grand, Lamine, Osage, and Gasconade Rivers. Original condition.-The waterway was choked by snags, and in many places divided by islands and changing sand bars into devious shallow channels whose frequent shifting destroyed extensive areas of fertile bottom land. Fluctuating widths ranged from 500 feet to more than a mile, and the available low-water depth at many cross- ings did not exceed 30 inches, yet even before improvement the entire section was successfully navigated. Steamboat navigation began in 1819 with the Independence, which ascended as far as Glasgow, and the Western Engineer, which reached Council Bluffs. Previous projects.-Government snagging operations began as early as 1838. The first appropriation for improvement by regula- tion was made in the river and harbor act of June 18, 1878. The original plan for comprehensive improvement was embraced in the project adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, modified by river and harbor acts of July 5, 1884, September 19, 1890, and June 13, 1902. Generally specific localities were desig- nated for improvement. The cost and expenditures on all projects prior to that of 1912 were $7,663,130.48, distributed as follows: Prior to project of 1902, $6,970,510.57 for new work and maintenance; subsequent to project of 1902, $289,592.82 for new work, and $403,027.09 for maintenance. For details of previous projects see page 1891 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for securing a permanent navigable channel with a minimum low-water depth of 6 feet and a minimum width of 200 feet, with a reasonable additional width around the bends, by means of bank revetment, permeable dikes to contract and rectify the waterway, removal of snags, and occasional dredging. Ordinary and extreme fluctuations of stage are 16 and 38 feet, respectively. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $50,000,000. The estimated cost for annual maintenance is $1,000,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 1287, 61st Cong., 3d sess.), and modified by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, which fixed the up- stream limit of the improvement at the upper end of Quindaro 1234 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Bend, 398 miles from the mouth, and providing for dredging (H. Doe. No. 463, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, provided for a minimum width of 200 feet. For latest published map see page 2876 of Annual Report for 1919. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--The project provides that cooperation from benefited localities may be required, in case a comprehensive plan is adopted by Congress for an apportionment of expense where any improvement confers special benefit; and receipt of contributions from private parties, to be expended with Government funds upon authorized works where such would be in the interest of navigation, is authorized by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915. The Sec- retary of War has approved the general principle of cooperative construction on the Missouri River below. Kansas City on the basis that 25 per cent of the cost of any special installation shall be paid by the United States and 75 per cent by the local interests. Works aggregating $100,000 .in cost were under construction during the current fiscal year, at no cost to the United States, as follows: Lexington Reach, right bank, mile 323: The four dikes on the upstream side of the State Highway Bridge crossing the Missouri River in the vicinity of Myrick Station, totaling 3,120 linear feet. The Missouri State Highway Commis- sion entered into an agreement with the Government whereby the Government was to construct these four dikes by hired labor with Government plant and upon monthly statements submitted to the State Highway Commission, said com- mission would reimburse the Government to the maximum extent of $100,000 which amount represents the estimated cost of the new cooperative installation. The net total amount contributed by local interests in cooperation with the United States, from 1918 to June 30, 1930, was $598,957.40. Cooperation during the fiscal year amounted to $90,319.60. The total amount expended by local interests in cooperation with the United States to June 30, 1930, on the project adopted in 1912, was approximately $2,009,212.67. Works constructed by private interests beneficial to navigation but without Government cooperation include the following: Kansas City, Mo., right bank, mile 391.5: Construction of 800 linear feet of lum- ber mattress, bank piling, and riprap paving was begun June 3, 1929, and com- pleted November 1, 1929, at a cost of $27,000 to the Missouri Pacific Railroad Co. Randolph, Mo., left bank, mile 386: Paved river bank with 572 cubic yards riprap and drove 35 cypress piles. Work started March 1, 1930, and completed April 21, 1930, at a cost of $3,656.45 to the. Wabash Railway Co. Missouri City, Mo., left bank, mile 363: Constructed 350 linear feet of pile and brush dike through old mattress and placed 9,543 cubic yards of mine waste and scrap along river bank. Work began January 1, 1929, and completed December 24, 1929, at a cost of $15,205.23 to the Wabash Railway Co. Missouri City, Mo., left bank, mile 362: Paved river bank with 6,000 cubic yards of limestone quarry spalls. Work began May 10, 1930, and completed June 10, 1930, at a cost of $3,010 to the Wabash Railway Co. Missouri City, Mo., left bank, mile 361: Drove 90 piles, and constructed 1,000 linear feet of wire patch mattress 20 feet wide to repair old mattress, also placed 944 cubic yards of limestone riprap and scrap on river bank. Work began March 1, 1930, and completed May 10, 1930, at a cost of $11,350 to the Wabash Railway Co. Sibley, Mo., left bank, mile 352.5: Dike and revetment constructed and re- paired between Jackson's and Sibley Bends by the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Co., at a cost of $36,305.48. The work began September 30, 1929, and was completed March 21, 1930. Northrup, Mo., right bank, mile 313.1: The Missouri Pacific Railroad Co. constructed 650 linear feet loose fascine mattress, mud sills, and riprap bank paving at a cost of $15,000 near Tobo Creek. Work began April 24, 1930, com- pleted July 1, 1930. RIVERS AND HARBORS-KANSAS CITY, MO., DISTRICT 1235 Dover, Mo., right bank, mile 310.8: Construction of 1,540 linear feet of lumber mattress, mud sills, and 2,187 linear feet of riprap paving, started May 24, 1929, and completed October 5, 1929, by the Missouri Pacific Railroad Co. at a cost of $38,000. Waverly, Mo., right bank mile 301: Construction of 1,967 linear feet of lum- ber mattress, mud sills, and riprap bank paving, began October 15, 1929, and completed April 1, 1930, at a cost of $39,000 to the Missouri Pacific Railroad Co. De Witt, Mo., left bank, mile 266: Placed 807 cubic yards of riprap and con- structed a wire mattress 26 by 100 feet; also placed six box-car bodies on river bank. Work was begun on March 10, 1930, and completed June 10, 1930, at a cost of $8,478 to the Wabash Railway Co. De Witt, Mo., left bank, mile 265: Constructed 105 squares of mattress and placed 100 fascines constructed of brush, wire, and riprap; also placed 5,000 cubic yards of mine waste on mattress and placed eight box-car bodies in edge of river. Work began May 10, 1930, and completed June 20, 1930, at a cost of $14,985 to the Wabash Railway Co. De Witt, Mo., left bank, mile 264: Placed 23 box cars in edge of river, con- structed 87 squares of wire mattress, built 591 feet of pile dike along river bank through old mattress, and placed 8,910 cubic yards of mine waste on old mattress. A spur track 417 feet in length was built especially for river main- tenance work. Work began July 1, 1929, and completed October 31, 1929, at a cost of $45,602.86 to the Wabash Railway Co. Harmony, Mo., right bank, mile 240: The Chicago & Alton Railroad Co. had an expenditure of $113,838.47 incurred on river protection work during the fiscal year 1930. Hamburg, Mo., left bank, mile 47: The Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad Co. constructed approximately 2,000 linear feet of rock embankment protection during the fiscal year 1930. Cost is not available at this time. Charbonnier, Ma., left bank, mile 23: The Marias Cr0che drainage district No. 2 organized in April. 1929, for purpose of draining a lake and reclaiming approximately 1,800 acres of waste land, constructed a ditch 7,500 feet in length and built a concrete flood gate. There were 12,500 cubic yards of earth excavated. Work was begun in August, 1929, and completed October, 1929, at a cost of $5,240.10 to the Marias Croche drainage district No. 2. Charbonnier, Mo., left bank, mile 22: Constructed levee, 2,218 feet in length, consisting of 6,250 cubic yards of earth to protect 545 acres of land. Work began October 1, 1929, and completed December 12, 1929, at a cost of $1,481.92 to the Mullanphy slough levee district No. 1. Terminal facilities.-At Kansas City, Mo., the municipal water terminal consists of a wharf (526 by 50 feet), fireproof warehouse (306 by 40 feet), and telpherage and locomotive crane serving boats, wharf, railroad cars, and warehouse. This wharf was damaged by fire in 1928. Miami, with no railroad, has two private warehouses on the river front. Two municipal warehouses and two elevators with railroad connec- tion are available at Hermann, a transfer point for Gasconade River boats. The foregoing terminals are open to the general public on equal terms and are adequate for existing needs. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Improvement has increased the channel depth so that at ordinary stages a draft of 4 feet can be carried from Kansas City to St. Louis. The stretches of the river thus far regu- lated are separated by other unregulated stretches, so that the section as, a whole is not yet in condition for dependable navigation. In- cidentally, the bank stabilization involved in the improvement work has protected thousands of acres of valuable farm land and encour- aged drainage work, levee construction, and similar improvements. Operations and results during fiscal year.-New work completed during the year, both with Government funds only and in coopera- 1236 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 tion with local interests, consisted of 310 dikes, totaling 341,436 linear feet; 23 abatis, totaling 14,031 linear feet; 23 pieces of revet- ment, totaling 125,111 linear feet; and 1 current retard, totaling 940 linear feet. In addition to completed work there are in progress of construction, under contract and by hired labor; 101 dikes, total- ing 100,389 linear feet; 5 pieces of revetment, totaling 32,815 linear feet; and 2 abatis, totaling 910 linear feet. Maintenance and repiirs were made to 103,538 linear feet of revetments, 31,064 linear feet of structure in 88 dikes, 606 feet of structure in 1 retard, 1,262 feet of revetments repaired by abatis, and 300 feet of repairs to abatis. Snagging operations resulted in removal of 509 snags, 213 piles, and 59 trees from 1,303 miles of river operated on. During the fiscal year there were three snagging trips made; also removed three wrecks. At Gasconade boat yard, 5 wood-hull material barges, 3 steel-hull fuel barges, 1 wood-hull barge, 3 wood-hull and 4 steel-hull launches, 5 pontoons, 1 wood-hull mattress barge, 29 skiffs, 240 channel buoys, 2 launch house boats, and 3 army (land) pile drivers, were completed. Numerous repairs were also made to floating plant at Gasconade. The dredges, McGregor and Kappa, dredged a total of 1,693,750 cubic yards during the fiscal year 1930. The cost of new work was $13,819,854.64, and the cost of mainte- nance $1,780,290.66, a total of $15,600,145.30. The expenditures dur- ing the fiscal year amounted to $14,037,808.76. St. Charles to mouth.-A system of triangulation was established and computed from St. Charles to the mouth, and a hydrographic survey completed from St. Charles, mile 28.7, to mile 11. The cost was $5,401.02; the expenditures were $3,690.08; all for maintenance. The total cost of new work was $13,819,854.64 and the cost, of maintenance $1,785,691.68; a total of $15,605,546.32. The total ex- penditures were $14,041,498.84. For expenditures by local interests, see paragraph Local coop- eration. Condition at end of fiZcal year.-Under previous project for the systematic improvement of the " first reach," a 45-mile section from Murrays bend, near Jefferson City, Mo., to Gasconade River, there was constructed 12.3 miles of revetment, 104,000 linear feet of dike, 2,800 linear feet of abatis, and one bank head. The construction of this work extended from 1892 to 1901 and produced a low-water depth of at least 6 feet where naturally as little as 21/2 feet had existed. The cost was $2,500,000. Under the existing project, 'beginning with the appropriation of June 25, 1910, for systematic work on the 6-foot channel, the work for a completely controlled and regulated river, is about 70 per cent completed. The work accomplished includes 588,262 feet of revet- ment for the purpose of permanently fixing the banks, 703,463 linear feet of dikes, 35,842 linear feet of retards, and 21,634 feet of abatis for rectification of channel widths and closing auxiliary chutes. In the improved localities the channel is becoming fixed and there is a marked improvement of channel depths. From the opening of navigation, early in March to the close of August, the ruling depth generally fluctuates between 4 and 9 feet above mean low water. A low-water season of three months suc- ceeds (to December 1) with river stages around ordinary low water, RIVERS AND HARBORS-KANSAS CITY, MO., DISTRICT 1237 during which period the dependable channel depth in unimproved sections may not exceed 31/4 feet. The net total expenditure under the existing project beginning with the appropriation of June 25, 1910, for systematic work on the 6-foot channel amounts to $39,203,533.48. The cost of new work is $31,479,981.89, and the cost of maintenance is $6,667,591.18, a total of $38,147,573.07. For expenditures by local interests, see paragraph Local cooperation. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance of $6,630,834.79 will be applied toward securing the 6-foot channel from Kansas City to the mouth, necessary maintenance of existing works, removal of channel obstructions, repairs of working plant, and general supervi- sion, surveys, and inspections. It is estimated that available funds will be exhausted about June 30, 1931. It is proposed to carry on operations during the fiscal year 1931, as follows: Construction of. dikes __ $88, 645. 83 This work is for channel rectification in Sheeps Nose, Berlin, and Murrays bends, and in all probability will be let under contract. Maintenance and repair of existing river improvement works____ 319, 278. 90 Operation and repair of snag boat______________ 71, 713. 26 Construction of new plant__________________________ $11, 290. 90 Repair to present floating plant_... 92, 039. 33 103, 330.23 Plant equipment _--_ _-______ __ 88, 020. 13 All property purchased, not including floating plant, that is fabricated. General superintendence and office_ _ __ ___ 490, 363. 70 Maintenance of district and suboffices and prorated share of the division office. Amount of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1930 1, 246, 729. 94 Uncompleted contracts July 1, 1930_ 3, 178, 444. 28 Uncompleted hired labor work 856, 702. 59 Dredging operations._- 7, 634. 79 Temporary buildings ___ __ 1, 799. 06 Surveys not chargeable to any specific job 143, 975. 33 Reserved for additional contract and contract extensions ....... 34, 196. 75 Total ------------------------------------------------- 6,630, 834. 79 The additional sum of $5,500,000 can be profitably expended dur- ing the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Channel rectification and bank protection works-----------------$3, 840, 000 Maintenance and repair of existing work-------------------------1, 000, 000 Construction of plant and equipment----------------------------- 100, 000 Care and repair of fclating plant --------------------------- 200, 000 Operation and repair of snag boat ---------------------- 60, 000 Superintendence and office-------------------------------- 300, 000 Total- - _, _ - 5, 500, 000 Commercial statistics.--The commerce for the past five years was as follows: Comparative statcment Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925-_ - - _______ 410, 899 $730, 778 1928_______.. ______-__ 813, 201 $2, 055, 247 1926 ____________________ 514, 424 974, 403 ------------------ 1929.... 1, 158, 332 5, 255, 638 1927. _ 551, 280 1, 207, 405 1238 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_______- ------- ------- $38, 740, 085. 28 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__----------------------- 7,070, 618 27 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------45, 810, 703.55 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930-.... __ 3, 133, 960.94 Net total cost to June 30, 1930---------------------- 48, 944, 664.49 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930-__---- --------------- 28, 301.94 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930------------------- 48, 972, 966.43 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------- 2, 106, 302.47 Net total expenditures_-- -------------- ___--- 46, 866, 663. 96 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ------------------- _ 6,630, 834. 79 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__---- ----- 53,497, 498.75 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-_-. -_ $687, 777. 97 $1, 484, 346. 97 $2, 644, 191. 32 $4, 663, 334. 77 $13, 819; 854. 68 Cost of maintenance-----............. 324, 404. 48 199, 564. 29 548, 803.26 662, 667. 90 1, 785, 691. 64 Total cost-------------................. 1, 012, 182. 45 1, 683, 911. 26 3, 192, 994. 58 5, 326, 002. 67 15, 605, 546. 32 Total expended.-- ------------- 1, 012, 182. 45 1, 683, 911. 26 3, 234, 258. 28 6, 905, 823.26 14, 041, 498. 84 Allotted-...---- ------ ------ 2, 175, 000. 00 2, 560, 000. 00 4, 570, 000. 00 8, 925, 000. 00 14, 390, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 _________ $6, 282, 333.63 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved Feb. 12, 1925 ________________ $10, 500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved Mar. 23, 1928_______________ 468,763. 29 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved May 28, 1930 5, 080, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930__ --------------------------- 3, 250, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved Feb. 28, 1929 _ __-- 5, 265, 764. 22 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved Apr. 15, 1926--------------- 210, 796.31 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved Feb. 23, 1927 ----------------- 104, 176. 18 14, 390, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------------- 20, 672, 333. 63 Gross amount expended ---- ---- 14, 041, 638.78 Less receipts from sales------------ ------------ 139. 94 14, 041, 498.84 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------- 6, 630, 834.79 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-------- 1. 338, 062. 51 --- Amount covered by uncompleted contracts------- 2, 930, 168. 80 4, 268, 231. 31 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------------2,362, 603.48 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930---------------------------- 28, 301.94 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930-__----- 2, 390, 905.42 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project __----------------------------------- 12, 500, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: -- ---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - For new work 1 1 - 4, 190, 000.00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - For maintenance _ _ 1, 310, 000. 00 1 - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Total 5, 500, 000.00 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-KANSAS CITY, MO., DISTRICT 1239 2. MISSOURI RIVER, KANSAS CITY, MO., TO SIOUX CITY, IOWA Location and description.mSee page 1232. Here the river is the boundary between the States of Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, and Iowa; principal tributaries, Platte and Big Sioux Rivers. Original condition.-This section was very similar to the river below Kansas City, and navigation of the low-water channel had to contend with innumerable obstructions and available depth of less than 30 inches on the crossings. Nevertheless, until construction of the railroads offered a more expeditious route to the Northwest the river carried a large through traffic, despite the slowness and expense and the uncertainty created by the loss of many boats and cargoes. The first steamboat, Western Engineer, arrived at Council Bluffs in 1819, but it was not until 1831 that the Yellowstone recorded a greater distance by reaching Pierre, S. Dak. Previous projects.-Snagging operations were extended to this section in 1868. Under the river and harbor act of August 14, 1876, the first regulation works were constructed at St. Joseph and Nebraska City; but a project for systematic river improvement was not adopted until the passage of the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, modified by the river and harbor acts of July 5, 1884, Sep- tember 19, 1890, and June 13, 1902. The total cost up to June 30, 1927, was $3,201,106.36, of which $2,586,616.56 was for new work and $550,467.91 for maintenance and $64,021.89 was for plant and materials. The expenditures were $3,201,106.36. Existing project.-This provides for securing a permanent navi- gable channel 6 feet in depth and to conform to the character and methods of improvement of the section of river between the upper end of Quindaro Bend and the mouth, namely, by means of bank revetment, permeable dikes to contract and rectify the waterway, removal of snags, and occasional dredging. The ordinary fluctua- tion is about 14 feet and the extreme fluctuation about 38 feet. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of January 21, 1927 (H. Doc. No. 1120, 60th Cong., 2d sess.), which authorized the appropriation of $12,000,000 for the prosecution of this project and the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930 authorized the additional appropriation of $15,000,000, or a total of $27,000,000. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law for the initiation of cooperative works on the Missouri River between Kansas City and Sioux City. Voluntary cooperation has been secured as follows: St. Marys Bend (Folsom, Iowa), left bank, mile 640: Maintenance of revetment by construction of 2,870 linear feet of revetment and 1,351 linear feet of revetment repairs by contract started April 14, 1929, and completed September 16, 1929, with a total cost of $101,- 174.81, and towards which cost there has been received from the Chi- cago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad the sum of $15,000 and from the McCartney Drainage district the sum of $25,000, making a total of $40,000 of contributed funds. The net cost to the Government was $71,174.81. 1240 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Works constructed by local interests at their own expense were as follows : Gibson, Nebr., right bank, mile 654: Rock protection along steep bank subject to scour. Quantities placed, 18,886 cubic yards of riprap at a cost of $20,000. This work was started March 14, 1927, and completed June 18, 1929, and was reported in annual report 1929 at the estimated cost of $18,000. The additional increased $2,000 represents additional funds expended by the Chicago, Burling- ton & Quincy Railroad Co. Rulo, Mo., left bank, mile 539: Bui:ding dike and mattress on east bank between retards Nos. 5 and 6 and adding mattress at retard No. 6. Quantities placed as follows: 5,810 cords brush, 7,271 cubic yards riprap at a cost of $34,941. Work was started November, 1929, and completed April 14, 1930, by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. Nearman, Kans., right bank, mile 403.9: Installation emergency bank protec- tion, consisting of brush mattress and facine rolls. Construction of 700 linear feet of board mattress, mud sills, and riprap bank paving at a total cost of $26,000. Work done by the Missouri Pacific Railroad Co., began May 12, 1929, and completed August 31, 1929. Parkville, Mo., left bank, mile 401.5: Repairing mattress constructed in 1908 and 1909, by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co., at a cost of $22,178.91. Work began June 10, 1929, and completed August 22, 1929. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been rendered easier and safer by snagging operations. Bank stabilization in the vicinity of ,cities and bridges by both private interests and the United States has given slightly improved local channels and reduced the acreage of farm lands lost by erosion. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-New work com- pleted during the year, both with Government funds only and in co- operation with local interests, consisted of 7 revetments, 55,765 feet in length; 41 dikes totaling 25,697 linear feet; and 17 retards total- ing 16,366 linear feet. In addition to completed work there is in progress of construction 3 revetments totaling 20,615 linear feet, 45 dikes totaling 41,526 linear feet, and 1 retard totaling 357 linear feet. Maintenance and repairs were made to 19,858 feet of revet- ment. Repairs were in progress on 350 feet of revetment and 50 feet of retards. The cost of new work was $2,730,278.89 and the cost of mainte- nance $82,405.64, a total of $2,812,684.53. The expenditures during the fiscal year amounted to $2,434,042.64. Experimental work.-A suboffice was established at Sioux City, Iowa, the present primary function being to undertake experimental work on the Missouri River in the vicinity of Sioux City with a view to determining the practicability of different types of contrac- tion works under the river and ice conditions prevailing at the upper end of the middle Missouri River improvement, and also with a view of determining the practicability of securing an adequate channel of 6 feet and of ample width for profitable barge naviga- tion, and its probable cost. The employment of field and office personnel, and the initiation of a hydrographic survey and stream flow observation party to determine the extent and location of ex- perimental works was undertaken. The costs amounted to 10,697.08; expenditures amounted to $6,280.31; all for new work. The total cost of new work was $2,740,975.97, and the cost of maintenance $82,405.64, a total of $2,823,381.61. The expenditures were $2,440,322.95. RIVERS AND HARBORS-KANSAS CITY, MO., DISTRICT 124-1 For expenditures by local interests, see paragraph Local co- operation. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Prior to adoption of present project no part of a definite project had been accomplished or at- tempted, and for the greater portion of its length the section presents the same impediments to through navigation that existed before improvement was begun. The principal hindrances to profitable river traffic are snags and an unstable shallow channel, both ascribable to extensive perennial caving of the banks. A few bends have been protected by dikes or revetment, thereby stabilizing the waterway and curtailing the supply of snags, but the effects of such improve- ment are limited, strictly local, and almost negligible. There is not a dependable depth in excess of 3 feet over this section during the period of low water, nor of 31/2 feet for any considerable length of time at any season. No actual experimental works have been installed as yet in the Missouri River under the Sioux City office, the activity in progress so far being the gathering of engineering data to decide upon the most advantageous types of works for trial and their probable location. Work under the existing project has assumed a decided increase in proportions due to the installation of regulation works at various locations. The total cost of work under the existing project has been $3,285,435.67, of which $3,088,361.44 was for new work and $197,074.23 was for maintenance. The expenditures have been $2,929,166.83. For expenditures by local interests see paragraph Local cooper- ation. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance of $2,065,569.19 will be applied to work on the 6-foot channel adopted by the river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, in the construction of channel- rectification and bank-protection work, maintenance of existing works, removal of channel obstructions, and the continuance of experimetal work in the vicinity of Sioux City. About four-fifths of the work will be done by contract, and the repair and maintenance work will in general be done by hired labor and Government plant. It is believed that available funds will be exhausted about June 30, 1931. It is proposed to carry on operations during the fiscal year 1931 as follows: Maintenance and repair of existing river improvement work ___. $97, 821. 90 Operation and repair of snag boat_ 21, 601. 71 New plant----------- 20, 916. 39 Plant equipment__________ ____________ 45, 544. 17 All property purchased, not including floating plant, that is fabricated. General superintendence and office_________________________ 149,051. 21 Prorated share of division and district offices and one sub- office. Amount of outstanding liabilities, July 1, 1930 12, 873. 53 Uncompleted contracts, July 1, 1930______________ __ 1,377, 107. 40 Extensions to proposed works______--- ___ 173,247. 55 Uncompleted hired-labor work ____________ _________ 16,484. 90 Care and repair to present floating plant__ 10, 527.92 Surveys not chargeable to any specific job_ _____ 46, 672. 82 Experimental work ______-.. 93, 719. 69 Total ------------------------------------------------- 2, 065, 569. 19 1242 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The additional sum of $800,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows; Maintenance and repair of existing work__-----------__-_____- $520, 000 Experimental work -------------------------------- 200, 000 Operation and repair of snag boat------- ------------------------ 40, 000 Superintendence and office------------------------------------- 40, 000 Total------------ -------------- --------------- ------ 800, 000 Commercial statistics.--The commerce for the past five years was as follows: Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925. -------- ------------ 109, 498 $70, 957 1928--------------------- 169, 068 $169, 654 1926.---------------------- 103, 162 65, 811 1929------------ --------- 208, 800 379, 411 1927. .--------------------118,492 109,786 Cost and finanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ ------ __-------__$5, 674, 978. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 747, 542. 14 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--______ 6, 422, 520. 14 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 , 196. 34 1----------- Net total cost to June 30, 1930_ -------------- __ 6, 423, 716. 48 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------- ---- 293, 443. 29 Net total expenditures ___ _______ _________-_ 6, 130, 273. 19 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------2, 065, 569. 19 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 8, 195, 842. 38 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..______-----.........------------ . $18, 725. 94 $167, 685. 88 $179, 699. 59 $2, 740, 975. 97 Cost of maintenance-_---------- $9, 276. 96 4, 526. 84 31, 975.12 82, 693. 47 82, 405. 64 Total cost.....................__ 9, 276.96 23, 252.78 199, 661.00 262, 393.06 2, 823, 381.61 Total expended__.____................. 9, 276. 96 23, 252. 78 111, 785. 77 377, 058.11 2,440,322. 95 Allotted.........---------------------..................... 15,000.00 18,000.00 590,000.00 1,500,000.00 2,875,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------$1, 630, 892. 14 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved : Sept. 22, 1922 . -------------- -- $181. 45 Feb. 23, 1927-------------------------------- 499. 00 May 28, 1930--------------------------- 2, 250, 000. 00 Feb. 28, 1929__ --------------------------- 416, 898. 07 Mar. 23, 1928------------------------------ 7, 421. 48 Amount alloted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930 --------------------------- 500, 000. 00 3, 175, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-----------------------------4, 805, 892. 14 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment--------------- 300, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for----------------------4, 505, 892. 14 Gross amount expended ---------------------- 2, 440, 324. 26 Less receipts from sales-------------------------- 1. 31 2, 440, 322. 95 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---- ----------------- 2, 065, 569. 19 RIVERS AND HARBORS-KANSAS CITY, MO., DISTRICT 1243 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ------------- $54, 157. 48 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts--------- 1, 379, 215.90 $1,433,373.38 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------- ---- 632, 195. 81 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21, 900, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: - - - - - - --- -- --- -- --- --- -- - 650, 000 00 For new work 1__ . For maintenance 1----------------150, 000.00 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Total 800, 000. 00 3. MISSOURI RIVER, SIOUX CITY, IOWA, TO FORT BENTON, MONT. Location and description.-See page 1232. Through this section the river flows across the States of Montana and North and South Dakota, forming the northeastern boundary of Nebraska. Principal tributaries: Milk, Yellowstone, Niobrara, and James Rivers. Original condition.-There is little essential variation in the char- acter of the Missouri River from its mouth to the Yellowstone River, 950 miles above Sioux City. Above Milk River (182 miles above the Yellowstone; 346 miles below Fort Benton) it bore resemblance to a mountain stream, with swift current and rocky bed. The Yellowstone, first steamer navigating this section, went to Pierre, S. Dak., in 1831 and to the Yellowstone River in 1832, but it was not until 1860 that the Chippewa and Key West arrived at Fort Benton, the head of navigation. Subsequently the 1,478-mile section was navigated by numerous vessels loaded to 3-foot draft at high- water and to 2 feet or more at other seasons, and an extensive and lucrative commerce throve before the advent of railroads. Previous projects.-Projects were adopted and modified by river and harbor acts as follows: August 14, 1876, above the mouth of the Yellowstone; June 18, 1878, Sioux City; March 3, 1879, Vermilion; and August 2, 1882, Sioux City to Fort Benton. Modifications of September 19, 1890, and August 18, 1894, extended the improvement to Great Falls, then to Stubbs Ferry, Mont.; but no appropriation has been made for work above Fort Benton since 1896. There was expended on all projects prior to 1912, $2,827,268.06, divided as follows: Prior to July 1, 1903, $2,501,150.25 for new work and main- tenance, including $65,933.73 above Great Falls; subsequent to July 1, 1903, $109,712.07 for new work and $216,405.74 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1894 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the expenditure of from $75,000 to $150,000 yearly for five years in the removal of snags and rocks from the channel and in bank protection within easy boat reach of landings, towns, and railroad crossings between Sioux City, 807 miles above the mouth, and Fort Benton. At Sioux City the ordinary fluctuation is about 10.4 feet, and the extreme fluctuation (freshet of 1892 from Floyd River) is about 25 feet. At Fort Benton the ordinary fluctuation is about 7.3 feet, and the extreme fluctuation is about 15.8 feet. 1Exclusive of available funds. 1244. REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 91, 62d Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law for the initiation of cooperative works on the Missouri River between Sioux City and Fort Benton. The total amount expended by local interests in cooperation with the United States was $168,981.38. No cooperative funds were received or expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. Works constructed by local interests at their own expense were as follows: Fort Benton, Mont., right bank, mile 2284.6: Four short retards of brush, trees, rocks, and gravel were constructed by Olivia Duer during October, 1929, at a cost of approximately $1,000. Chamberlain, S. Dak., right bank, mile 1069.6: On May 1, 1930, the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railway Co. completed the construction of approximately 2,500 linear feet of 2-row, 8-foot centers, pile frame dikes at a cost to the railroad company of $28,000. Terminal facilities.-All facilities, while privately owned, are open to general public use and are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For full description see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) A freight house and elevator are located on revetted bank served by a railroad spur at Bismarck, N. Dak. The elevator is equipped with a marine chute for transfer of grain from boat to elevator or car. Sanish, Expansion, Mannhaven, Deapolis, and Washburn, N. Dak., and Lismas, Mont., have State-licensed elevators, in most cases with highway connection to a nearby railroad spur. Stock pens with rail connection are situated on the river fronts of Pierre and Running Water, S. Dak. At Cannon Ball, N. Dak., two 5,000-gallon fuel tanks have been built and a warehouse with rail connection is planned. Effect of imnproveme~t.-Improvements are necessarily too limited to exercise comprehensive influence for the betterment of navigation upon this extended length of river, but they have been beneficial in stabilizing the channel approaches to bridges and in protecting city water fronts and boat landings against erosion. Commercial boats handling the commodities of territory adjacent to the river and without rail facilities have found the channel somewhat more fixed in position in the vicinity of installed works. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-New work com- pleted during the year, in cooperation with local interests, consisted of one piece of revetment totaling 2,000 feet and repairs to 450 feet or revetment. The leased boat Frayne removed 94 obstructions, chiefly snags, and cut 6,450 overhanging trees from 400 miles of river during 531/2 contracted days in the fiscal year. The cost of all work during the year was $44,259.61, of which $36,094.34 was for new work and $8,165.27 for maintenance. The expenditures were $43,951.18. Condition at end of fiscal year.-As cutting of the banks is less marked above Sioux City, and is of little moment above the mouth of the Yellowstone River, the demand for bank-protection works is not so urgent as on the lower Missouri River. Three to four decades RIVERS AND HARBORS-KANSAS CITY, MO., DISTRICT 1245 ago rock dams and dikes were built between Fort Benton and Car- roll, Mont., to concentrate the meager low-water flow and the rapids were cleared of rocks and bowlders; but, lacking maintenance, these improvements have reverted for the most part to the previous state. Limited appropriations hold Government expenditures to meritorious cooperative projects and a small amount of repairs to existing works. From April to October, inclusive, drafts of 30 inches are practica- ble to Pierre, 26 inches to the Montana State line, and 22 inches to Fort Benton. The total expenditures on the project have been $837,539.13. The cost of new work up to June 30, 1930, is $462,155.78, and the cost of maintenance is $374,176.39, a total of $836,332.17. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to expend the balance of $21,460.87 during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931, as follows: For emergency, cooperation, and unassigned improvement work___ $10, 000. 00 Maintenance of existing work_ 1, 838. 81 Snag-boat operation--------------------------------------------- 2, 749. 91 Care of plant and boat yard (Rockhaven) ----- ___________-__ 122. 64 Superintendence and office------------------------------- 236. 92 Surveys not chargeable to any specific job-............ 378. 14 Uncompleted contracts, July 1, 1930 846. 94 5-----------------------, Amount of outstanding liabilities, July 1, 1930________________- _ 287. 51 Total---_--------------------------------------- -- 21, 460. 87 No additional funds are required for the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the past five years was as follows: Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925--...._- ._--- -------- 12,223 $605,996 1928__---------------------- 5, 431 $169,786 1926__-_____-- ------------. 3, 350 97, 927 1929- ..... . ---........ 5, 268 180, 359 1927 _ _____---. --------. 9, 205 350, 883 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930______-- __------------------ $3, 068, 811. 65 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--_--_ --------------- ---- 590, 582. 13 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 3. 659, 393. 78 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---------- 8, 281. 23 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ___ --------------- -__--__ 3, 667, 675. 01 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 _________-____________ 2, 867. 82 Net total expenditures_________________________ 3, 664, 807. 19 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ...- _______________ _______ 21, 460.87 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930___ _______ 3, 686, 268. 06 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work _ $5, 584. 52 $65, 504. 40 $34, 435. 32 $20, 802. 56 $36, 094. 34 Cost of maintenance- -- 7, 839. 31 10, 183. 53 4,987. 94 6, 789. 16 8,165. 27 Total cost-------------- .. 13, 423.83 75, 687. 93 39, 423. 26 27, 591. 72 44, 259. 61 Total expended---------------__ lltte---------------------1,00.0 -13, 423. 83 75, 687. 93 42, 130. 82,0.03,0.05000030000 24 26, 400. 13 43, 951. 18 Allotted ----------- ------------ ---------- 16,000.00 82, 5W. 00 1 30, 000.00 1 50,000.00 10, 000. 00 1246 REPORT OF CHIEF OF BNGNEER, US.S. A~~vY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_-----------------T----$---__ 55, 412. 05 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------ ------------------------ 10, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_..---__. ____-----_______- 65,412. 05 Gross amount expended --------------------------- $44, 111. 18 Less receipts from sales---------------------------- 160. 00 43, 951. 18 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930______------ -- ______21, 460. 87 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ------------------ 738. 53 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts-- __-------- 5, 846. 94 6, 585. 47 Balance available June 30, 1930________________________---14, 875. 40 4. MISSOURI RIVER AT AND NEAR THE TOWNS OF NIOBRARA, NEBR., AND YANKTON, S. DAK. The War Department appropriation act approved February 28, 1929, reads in part as follows: For bank protection for the control of floods and the prevention of erosion of the Missouri River at and near the town of Niobrara, in the State of Ne- braska, $85,000, said work to be carried on under the control and supervision of the Chief of Engineers of the War Department: Provided, That the local interests shall contribute two-thirds of the cost of said work. For bank protection for the control of floods and the' prevention of erosion of the Missouri River at and near the town of Yankton, in the State of South Dakota, $85,000, said work to be carried on under the control and supervision of the Chief of Engineers of the War Department: Provided, That the local interests shall contribute two-thirds of the cost of said work. No work has yet been done under the above authorizations, due to nonfulfillment of conditions of local cooperation. 5. OSAGE RIVER, MO. Location and description.-The Osage River, rising in eastern Kansas, flows easterly 450 miles in sinuous bends to the Missouri River, 138 miles above its mouth and 13 miles below Jefferson City; another mouth 3 miles upstream across the head of Dodds Island is usually navigated. Low-water and flood discharges are 540 and 158,000 second-feet from a drainage area of 14,800 miles. The aver- age slope is 0.67 foot per mile (Osceola to the mouth), with a low- water width between stable banks varying from 400 feet at Osceola to 1,000 feet at Osage City; except at the shoals between pools, the flow is sluggish. Backwater from the Missouri River in flood may be perceptible for 18 miles above the mouth. From Warsaw to the mouth the range from low to extreme high water is approximately 40 feet. The elevation of low water is 518 feet above sea level at the mouth and 634 feet at Warsaw. Navigation is suspended from De- cember to March on account of winter conditions. A lock and dam is located 7.4 miles above the mouth. Original condition.-The river consisted of alternate deep pools separated by shoals or riffles over gravel bars not more than 12 inches in depth at low water. Between Osceola (mile 228) and the mouth there were 61 rapids having a fall in excess of 18 inches; 28 of these were below the Niangua River. Below Osceola there were a total of 126 shoals having an average drop of 1.25 feet, lengths up to 800 feet, RIVERS AND HARBORS-KANSAS CITY~ MO., DISTRICT 1247 and velocities up to 6 miles per hour. At low water nearly all the fall of the river was concentrated at the shoals. Navigation is said to have extended to Roscoe (mile 283), but there was very little com- merce above Warsaw (mile 172) besides tie rafting and logging. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a lock and dam and for open- channel work consisting of wing dams and training walls, removal of obstructions and dredging between the mouth and Warsaw, a dis- tance of 170 miles. However, actual improvement is being confined to the section below the Niangua River (mile 109) to obtain a channel 80 feet wide and 3 feet deep at low water. Ordinary and extreme fluctuations are 15 and 41 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1928, is $250,000, exclusive of Lock and Dam No. 1 for open-channel work as far as Niangua River. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $12,500. LOCK AND DAM NO. 1, OSAGE RIVER Nearest railroad station_ Osage City, Mo., 6 miles. Distance above mouth of river _ 7.4 miles. Lock dimensions___ 42 by 220 feet. Lift of lock------------------------------------ 16 feet. Depth on low miter sill at low water __ 9 feet. Character of foundation__ Piles in gravel. Kind of dam_ ___ _______- Fixed with movable crest.1 Type of construction _ __ Concrete. Year completed__________ Lock, 1906; dam, 1911. Cost _______-_--_ ---- $468 419.98. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871 (H. Doc. No. 60, 41st Cong., 3d sess., Annual Report for 1871, p. 327), which provided for deepening the channel over the shoals by dredging as far as Roscoe, 283 miles above the mouth. It was modi- fied by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for commencement of construction of a lock and dam; the act of March 3, 1899, provided for a lock and dam (An- nual Report for 1898, p. 347) ; the act of June 24, 1902, declared the river nonnavigable above the dividing line between Benton and St. Clair Counties, Mo., 185 miles; and the act of March 4, 1904, pro- vided for the construction of a power dam without lock at Warsaw, Mo., 172 miles above the mouth, the act of January 14, 1901, having authorized the construction of the dam. For latest published map see Annual Report for 1911, page 2012. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required. Prior to 1870 the State of Missouri and private interests effected considerable improvement work. During 1926 the Osage Gravel Co. contributed $1,000 toward dredging a new channel at Bagnell. Terminal facilities.-These are open to general public use and are considered adequate for existing commerce; all have railroad connestion. 19-foot fixed dam of concrete with 7-foot movable crest of chanoine wickets and Chit- tenden drum weirs. 11714--E NG 1930-----79 1248 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 At Osage City (mile 1) there is a concrete elevator and flouring mill, tie-loading plant, and sawmill, all on the river bank. Bagnell (mile 70) has a gravel-loading plant, storage bins, and tie yard, with inclined-rail carriage between river bank and cars. At mile 42.8 (near Hoecker), a tie terminal, warehouse, and elevator are in operation. Effect of improvement.-Ten shoals upstream have been drowned by the dam. Uninterrupted navigation is now possible for boats drawing 24 inches from the mouth to the Niangua River at any season except when ice conditions prevent, serving a territory which has practically no railroad facilities. In contrast, before improve- ment, navigation was irregular, unprofitable, and not dependable. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Open-channel mainte- nance of 10 shoals (Lower Howser, mile 78) ; Easter, mile 77.2; Lit- tle Gravois, mile 71.5; Granny's Island, mile 70; Churliss, mile 67; Packs, mile 50.3; Devil's Elbow, mile 49.2; Clark, mile 40; Moore's Flats, mile 40; and Sugar Creek, mile 38.4) was prosecuted by dredging 30,223 cubic yards of gravel from 9,461 linear feet of shoals and removing 15 snags from the channel, also removing overhanging trees. The total cost during the fiscal year amounted to $14,361.82, all for maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $9,390.65, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was 91 per cent completed as far as Linn Creek, mile 109, which was the head of active improvement. There is being built a hydroelectric power plant on the Osage River at Lakeside (mile 76 or about 6 miles above Bagnell, Mo.), to cost in excess of $30,000,000 and requiring two years to complete. The plant has been authorized by the Federal Power Commission. The construction of the Osage Dam is well under way and when completed will place about 50,000 acres under water an average of 70 feet in depth, creating a pool above the dam, to be known as Lake of the Ozarks, and which will reach west of Warsaw, but it is not known definitely to what point. At the present time there are no facilities being constructed at the dam to provide for navigation but should navigation develop on the Lake of the, Ozarks, there is a possibility that the necessary facilities will be built in ac- cordance with provisions set out in the license granted for the dam construction by the Federal Power Commission. Date .of completion of the project is indefinite as channel dimensions less than proposed are adequate under present conditions. The river has been in good condition as far as Linn Creek, affording channel depths of 2 feet or more. Light-draft traffic had been made feasible below Linn Creek throughout the year as a result of channel contraction, dredg- ing, and the removal of obstructions. At the end of the last fiscal year the total accomplishments were as follows Gravel dredged from channel through shoals-----------cubic yards__ 30, 223 Snags and obstructions removed from channel --------------. number__ 15 The net total expenditures on the project amounts to $1,205,466.71, to June 30, 1930. The cost of new work for the period July 1, 1903,. to June. 30, 1930, is $658,075.71 (including $468,419.98 for lock and dam) and the cost of maintenance for same period is $537,544.08 (in- cluding $260,171.72 for maintenance and replacement of the lock and dam). Prior to 1903 the amounts expended for new work and main- tenance were so involved that it is impractical to separate them. RIVERS AND HARBORS-KANSAS CITY, MO., DISTRICT 1249 Proposedoperations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended bal- ance of $5,533.29 during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931, as follows: Repairs to wing dams and training walls---- -------------- $700. 00 Dredging shoals between miles 76 and 22___________________________ 2, 800. 00 Removal of snags and obstructions----- ------------------------ 400. 00 Hydrographic surveys---------------------------------------- 200. 00 Care and repair of plant------------------------------------- 933. 29 Superintendence and office ------------------------------------ 500. 00 Total__ ----------------------------------------------- 5, 533. 29 It is believed the funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the past five years was as follows: Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925---------------------- 8, 059 $169, 886 1928---------------------- 7, 239 $56, 545 1926 ---------------------- 39, 208 135, 400 1929_---------------------- 5, 412 126, 791 1927 ---------------------- 22, 552 50, 965 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------$658, 075. 71 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------537, 544. 08 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------------ 1, 195, 619. 79 ---------- 10, 123. 59 Net total cost to June 30, 1930---------------------- 1, 205, 743. 38 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------------- 276. 67 Net total expenditures-----------------------------, 205, 466. 71 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------- 5,533. 29 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 1,211,000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------ ---------------- $1, 531.69 .............. Cost of maintenance.--------......---- ------- 9,176. 92 $10, 075. 77 $16, 498.88 $11, 158. 72 $14, 361. 82 Total cost___ ... . .... ._ 10, 708. 61 10, 075. 77 16, 498. 88 11, 158. 72 14, 361. 82 Total expended---------------------- 10, 708. 61 10, 075. 77 15, 269. 10 13, 966. 71 9, 390. 65 Allotted-------------...........--.................... -------------- 12,000. 00 13,500. 00 15,000. 00 12,500. 00... Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------------- $14, 923. 94 Gross amount expended------------------------ ------------ 9,390. 65 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------- -- 5, 533.29 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ----------------------------- 530. 55 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------------- 5, 002. 74 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - - - - -- - - -- -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- -- existing project 1- - - 250, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1250 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 6. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCK AND DAM, OSAGE RIVER The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for improving Osage River, Mo. See page 1246, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The completed lock and dam has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since July 1, 1912. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operation and main- tenance is by Government employees, five lockmen, and additional labor hired when necessary. On the movable section of the dam the wickets are raised and lowered from a maneuvering barge. Ordinarily the movable section remains lowered, with the excep- tion of two wickets at a fishway. Routine maintenance and repair of the lock, dam, buildings, grounds, and plant were observed. A channel 31/2 feet deep at low water was maintained by dredging 1,670 cubic yards of mud from lock chamber and approaches. The total expenditures during fiscal year amount to $10,151.25. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The lock has been in operation since March, 1906, and the dam since February, 1911, although the latter was not entirely completed until January 1, 1914. Actual cost of both structures was $728,591.70, of which $260,171.72 was ex- pended in reconstruction and repairs after partial failure of the dam. The completed project affords a dependable channel depth of 3 feet at low water to mile 21 above the mouth, or 14 miles above the dam. There is no other dam on the navigable section of the Osage River. The total expenditures to the end of the fiscal year from the indefinite appropriation amounted to $158,806.09.1 Proposed operations.-The lock and dam will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-Vessels, passing through the lock and over the dam, reported the following commodities carried: Tally of vessels during the fiscal year was: Through lock Through lock Over Over United Private dam United Private dam States vessels vessels vessels vessels Gasoline boats- .0. 9 0 Rafts__---------- ___0 -- 13 2 Other craft...---------- 5 21 0 Lockages---------------- 7 143 0 Launches----------------- 2 120 5 -- Passengers ...... 00 353 0 Skiffs......--.....------.. - 0 18 0 1 Previous years' expenditures reduced 10 cents. RIVERS AND HARBORS-KANSAS CITY, MO., DISIRICT 1251 Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930. ------------------------ $161, 129. 76 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ---------- -1, 580. 18 Net total cost to June 30, 1930__------------------------ 159, 540. 5S Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930----------------- ------- 731. 49 Net total expenditures____________--------------- 158, 806. 09 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_____-- __--------- ----------- 1, 021.31 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------- 159, 830. 40 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ..------- --------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance--- .....-------------- $12, 062. 47 $9,188. 96 $8, 237.18 $8, 466.97 $13, 209. 44 Total expended.-----.------------------- 12, 062. 47 9, 188. 96 7, 476.09 7, 288. 32 10, 151. 25 Allotted ---------------------------------- 13, 000.00 8,000.00 6, 500.00 6,500.00 8,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------ $3, 175.56 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, March 3, 1909 ------------------------ 8, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for ____----_______- - -_____ 11, 175 56 Gross amount expended_ ------------------------------------ 10, 151. 25 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 1, 024.31 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ____._____________ _______-734. 49 Balance available June 30, 1930 --------------------------- 289. 82 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931---------- ---------------- 10, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931-------------------- 10, 289. 82 7. GASCONADE RIVER, MO. Location and description.-The Gasconade River, rising in south- ern Missouri, flows northerly in a tortuous course 200 miles to a con- fluence with the Missouri River at Gasconade, 110 miles above the mouth. Its low and high water discharges are 450 and 40,000 second- feet from a drainage area of 3,500 square miles. A low-water stage occurs from August to October, and the navigation season lasts from March to November; floods are of short duration. On the navigable section the current is moderate, the banks stable, and the bars com- posed of gravel. Backwater from the Missouri may exert an influ- ence for 10 miles above the mouth. From the mouth to Gascondy (61.4 miles and the limit of improvement) the width is 400 feet, fluctuation between extreme stages is 29 feet, and the slope 1.23 feet per mile; between Gascondy and Arlington (mile 107 and the head of navigation for boats) the slope is 2.10 feet per mile. Elevation of low water above sea level is 492. feet at the mouth, 568 feet at Gascondy, and 663 feet at Arlington. Original condition.-The river consisted of a succession of pools varying in length up to 2 miles and 4 to 15 feet deep at low water, separated by shoals formed by gravel bars athwart the course of the stream. Between Gascondy and the mouth there were 58 shoals having an average length of 800 feet, a fall ranging from 6 to 18 1252 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 inches, and a velocity as high as 5 miles per hour. Boats drawing 12 to 15 inches could navigate to Gascondy (mile 61.4) during favor- able stages, but from Gascondy to Arlington (mile 107) water- borne traffic was practically limited to rafts. The minimum usable depths on the shoals was 9 inches. Widths varied from 60 to 200 feet at the shoals to 300 feet or more in the pools. Snags were numerous and tortuous bends discommoded raft navigation. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for maintenance and relief from year to year by the removal of obstructions to navigation and the regulation of channel flow to increase the depth of the shoals. The work contemplated on the 62-mile section of the river is snagging and the regulation of channel widths and depths by the construction of wing dams and training walls to secure a channel width through the shoals of about 80 feet, with a depth of 2 feet at mean low water. In recent years regulation work for open-channel improvement has been confined to the section below the town of Cooper Hill, 39.5 miles above the mouth. At the mouth of the river the ordinary fluctuation is about 14 feet and the extreme fluctuation is about 29 feet. At Gascondy, Mo., 61.4 miles above the mouth, the extreme fluctuation is about 29 feet. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,500. The first appropriation was made by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880 (S. Doc. No. 99, 46th Cong., 2d sess.). The river and harbor act approved July 27, 1916, provided for the removal of the dam near Heckmanns Mill at Priors Bend, or any other obstruction to the flow of water at or near that point, in the discretion of the Secretary of War. For latest published map see House Document No. 190, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recor~mmended modification of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None required. Prior to 1880 local interests constructed wing dams and training walls at the worst shoals. Terminal facilities.-The Missouri Pacific Railroad has a tie yard and the United States a pile and timber wharf and warehouse in connection with its boat yard at Gasconade. At various points along the river, accessible for the landing of boats, small warehouses for receiving and storing freight are located. Hermann, 7 miles below the mouth of the Gasconade and its principal terminal for boats, has two municipally owned warehouses and elevators with railroad connection. The above facilities are open to all navigation on equal terms and are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation was made easier from the mouth to Priors Bend, mile 32.5; boats are able to carry increased loadings; and the difficulties of passing over the shoals at low water have been lessened. Railway facilities have not increased, but the construction of better highways is tending to reduce water-borne commerce despite improvement. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions during the fiscal year. The plant while not in operation is cared for at the Gasconade boat yard. No costs or expenditures during the fiscal year. RIVERS AND HARBORS--KANSAS CITY, MO., DISTRICT 1253 Condition at end of fiscal year.--It is possible to navigate the river above mile 30 only at flood stages, while at extreme low water boats drawing more than 12 inches will experience difficulty on the shoals. In the improved localities the channel is somewhat more reliable and the ruling depth at low water (10 to 12 inches) slightly greater than before operations began. During the passage of freshets boats draw- ing 24 inches or more are able to ascend the river several miles, and it is mainly during these periods that freighting is transacted. A harbor for the wintering of boats on this and the Missouri River exists at the mouth, over a distance of 2,000 feet upstream to the Missouri Pacific bridge. The cost to the end of the fiscal year amounted to $139,003.21 for new work and $85,076.57 for maintenance subsequent to July 1, 1903, a total of $224,079.78. The expenditures were $224,079.78. Prior to 1903 the amounts expended for new work and maintenance were so involved that it is impractical to separate them. Proposed operations.--Itis proposed to expend about $1,000 of the unexpended balance of $10,920.22 during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931, for superintendence and office expenses. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, since the balance unexpended June 30, 1931, $9,920.22 is believed to be sufficient for all necessary work. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the past five years was as follows: Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925------- ....----------------..... 4, 984 $45,610 1928_------------------------- 581 $3,873 1926---.... ..---------------- ---- 9, 553 40, 522 1929----------------------None. None. 1927-___------- ---------------- 468 16, 241 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------- $139, 003.21 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_--__---------------------- 85, 076. 57 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 __________ 224, 079. 78 Net total expenditures------- ---------------------------- 224, 079. 78 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_------ __----------__-_ 10, 920. 22 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__---- ___-_ 235, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-.........---------------------................-------.........---.................... ------------ $117.08 ----- Cost of maintenance- --------------------- $6.00 $1, 449.91 ___ Total expended--------------------------- 6. 00 1, 449. 91-1 ........- 117. 08 -$4,300.24 Allotted----------...............----------------------------..--------.... $5, 000. 00 ------------------------ Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ---------- _------------- $6, 619.98 Gross amount expended- --------------- __----------4, 300. 24 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 --------------------- 0,920.22 1254 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 8. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of prelim- inary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doec. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood-control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbar- line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $13,118.65; the expenditures were $12,967.14. The bal- ance unexpended June 30, 1930, in amount of $6,032.86, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $10,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-_------------------ - $13, 118. 05 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------- ----- 151.51. Net total expenditures-------------------------- 12, 9. 14 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930__---------------------------- 6,032. 86 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ---------------- 19, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work...... .. .. .. ... .. .... ..... .. .. ... .. Cost of maintenance-------------.................... --------- ------------ -------..........-----.... .. --------- $13, 118. 65 Total expended ..---------------- -------------------..------------ ....------------..12,967.14 Allotted.....................-------------------------------------.......------------$500. 00 $10, 000. 00 8,500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------- $10, 500.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929------------------------------------------- 3, 500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930----- ------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for----------------------------19,000. 00 Gross amount expended------------------------------------12, 967. 14 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 , 032. 86 6----------------------- Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---------------------------- 151.51 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------------5, 881. 35 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - 30, 1932, for maintenance 1- - - - - 10, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT 1255 EXAMINATIONS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE ACT APPROVED FEBRUARY 12, 1929 Reports on preliminary examinations required by the act approved February 12, 1929, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress, but have not yet been printed. 1. Preliminary examination of the Missouri River, near Elk Point, S. Dak.. with a view to the control of its floods.-Report dated July 3, 1929, was transmitted to Congress October 23, 1929. A survey of the locality is not deemed advisable at the present time. 2. Preliminary examination of the Yellowstone River, Mont., with a view to the control of its floods.-Report dated August 6, 1929, was transmitted to Congress November 26, 1929. No further survey is deemed advisable at the present time. There is, however, a survey in progress on the Yellowstone River, N. Dak., Mont., and Wyo., under the provisions of House Document No. 308, sixty-ninth Con- gress, first session, and section 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928, covering navigation, flood control, power development, and irrigation. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts approved January 21, 1927, and July 3, 1930, as fol- lows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Missouri River from the upper end of Quindaro Bend to its mouth, with a view to securing a channel depth of 9 feet at low water with suitable widths. 2. Big Blue River, Mo., from its confluence with the Missouri River to Fifteenth Street, Kansas City. 3. Missouri River, from Kansas City, Mo., to Yankton, S. Dak., with a view to securing a channel nine feet in depth and of suitable width. 4. Missouri River, from Sioux City, Iowa, to the mouth of the Yellowstone River, N. Dak. 5. Kansas (Kaw) River, Kans. and Mo. IMPROVEMENTS OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE FIRST CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT This district includes the Illinois River and its tributaries, in Illi- nois, Indiana, and Wisconsin, together with the waterways connect- ing the Illinois River with the Chicago and Calumet Rivers. District engineer, Chicago district, until October 7, 1929: Lieut. Col. W. C. Weeks, Corps of Engineers. Since that date, district engineer, first Chicago district: Lieut. Col. W. C. Weeks, Corps of Engineers. On October 10, 1929, the first Chicago district was transferred from the Great Lakes .division to the Upper Mississippi Valley divi- sion. Col. Edward H. Schulz, Corps of Engineers, division engineer until October 10, 1929; Lieut. Col. George R. Spalding, Corps of Engineers, since that date. 1256 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS) U. S. ARMIY, 1930 IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Illinois River, Ill-11_-.._-- 1256 3. Operating snag boats and 2. Operating and care of locks dredge boats on Upper Mis- and dams at Henry, Cop- sissippi River and tributa- peras Creek, La Grange, ries__-------------------- 1267 and Kampsville and ap- • 4. Examinations, surveys, and proaches thereto----------1265 contingencies (general).... 1268 ILLINOIS RIVER, ILL. Location and description.--The Illinois River (entirely within the State of Illinois), formed by the confluence of the Kankakee and the Des Plaines Rivers at a point in Grundy County about 50 miles above La Salle, flows in a southwesterly direction, and empties into the Mississippi at Grafton, Ill., about 36 miles above St. Louis. The total length of the stream is 273 miles. This river drains an area of about 27,900 square miles. The discharge at Kampsville at low water of 1891 was approximately 1,500 second-feet, now increased by the diversion of the Chicago sanitary district from Lake Michigan. The discharge of the Illinois River at the mouth during extreme flood stage is about 130,000 second-feet. The low-water stage usually occurs in late summer and early fall and may be expected to last from six weeks to three months. The current is sluggish, the fall at low water averages 0.15 foot per mile. The width between banks is 600 feet at La Salle, gradually widening to 1,400 feet at the mouth, except for a stretch of 16 miles at Peoria Lake where the width is about 1 mile. The fluctuation from low water to flood stage is up- ward of 22 feet, averaging 14 feet. The State of Illinois has appropriated $20,000,000 for the construc- tion of a waterway providing minimum 8-foot depths in channels not less than 150 feet wide, from the upper end of the Federal project on the Illinois River at Utica, to Lockport, a distance of 60 miles. The waterway will be provided with 5 locks each 110 feet wide, 600 feet in usable length, and with minimum depths on the miter sills of 14 feet. Approximately four-fifths of the State appropriation has been expended. At Lockport connection is made with the Chicago Drain- age Canal which has navigable depths in excess of 20 feet in a channel nowhere less than 160 feet wide. Original condition.--In higher stages, before improvement, the Illinois was navigable by the larger Mississippi River boats as far as Utica, 230 miles from the mouth. At low water it was practically unnavigable except for small flat-bottomed boats drawing less than 20 inches. At low water 1 the fall between La Salle and Grafton, 224 miles, was 27.5 feet. Previous projects.--The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852, modified by river and harbor acts of April 10, 1869, and July 11, 1870. Work was continued below Copperas Creek under these projects until 1880. The project was modified by the act of June 14, 1880, which provided for improve- ment below Copperas Creek (H. Doc. No. 87, 46th Cong., 2d sess.); by the act of March 2, 1907, which provided for improvement between Copperas Greek and La Salle. (No project report.) The cost of 1 The admission to the Illinois River of Lake Michigan via the Chicago Drainage Canal has raised the low-water plane; but inasmuch as the quantity of water that may thus be admitted is subject to progressive reduction it is impracticable as ret to ascertain what the future low-water plane will be. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT 1257 work under these projects was $2,979,114, of which $2,539,102.04 was for new work and $440,011.96 was for maintenance. The expendi- tures were $3,114,650. For further details of previous projects see page 1945 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel with least dimen- sions of 9 feet in depth and 200 feet wide from the mouth of the Illinois River to the lock at Lockport, Ill., and a navigable channel with a minimum depth of 9 feet from the lock at Lockport to the heads of the Federal projects on the Chicago and Calumet Rivers. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor acts of January 21, 1927, and July 3, 1930. The act of January 21, 1927, provided for a channel with least dimensions of 9 feet in depth and 200 feet wide from the mouth of the Illinois River to Utica, a dis- tance of 230 miles; for the modification of the two United States locks and dams and for the removal of the two State dams when title thereto had been transferred to the United States. (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 4, 69th Cong., 1st sess., and S. Doc. No. 130, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) The act in adopting the project authorized the appropriation of not to exceed $3,500,000 for carrying on the work. The act of July 3, 1930, provided for an extension of the project so as to provide a navigable channel depth of not less than 9 feet from Utica, Ill., to the heads of the present Federal projects on the Chicago and Calumet Rivers, to be secured by means of completed dams, locks, lateral canals, and dredging begun by the State of Illinois, in general accordance with the present plans of the State for that work. (S. Doc. No. 126, 71st Cong., 2d sess.) The act in adopting the project authorized the appropriation of not to exceed $7,500,000 for carrying out the work. The total amount authorized to be appropriated is $11,000,000 for new work, in addition to amounts expended on previous projects. The estimated cost of annual maintenance is $373,000. The act of 1930 in adopting the extension of the project provides: That the said project shall be so constructed as to require the smallest flow of water with which said project can be practically accomplished, in the development of a commercially useful waterway; that the water authorized at Lockport, Ill., by the decree of the Supreme Court of the United States, rendered April 21, 1930, and reported in volume 281, United States Reports in cases Nos. 7, 11, and 12, original; October term, 1929, of Wisconsin and others against Illinois, and others, and Michigan against Illinois and others, and New York against Illinois and others, according to the opinion of the court in the cases reported as Wisconsin against Illinois, in volume 281, United States, page 179, is hereby authorized to be used for the navigation of said waterway: That as soon as practicable after the Illinois waterway shall have been completed in accordance with this act, the Secretary of War shall cause a study of the amount of water that will be required as an annual average flow to meet the needs of a commercially useful waterway as defined in said Senate documents (S. Doc. No. 126, 71st Cong., 2d sess.), and shall, on or before Jan- uary 31, 1938, report to the Congress the results of such study with his recom- mendations as to the minimum amount of such flow that will be required annually to meet the needs of such waterway and that will not substantially injure the existing navigation on the Great Lakes to the end that Congress may take such action as it may deem advisable. That the project thus adopted shall be in all its parts a navigable waterway of the United States, forever free to the public use of all. unincumbered by any tolls or restr:ctions of any kind whatsoever except such as may be imposed by Congress. That no claim shall lie against the United States because of any contractual obligations which have been or may be entered into by the State of Illinois as regards the construction of a waterway between Utica and Lake Michigan. Locks and dams forming a part of the project are as follows: Illinois Rivcr; 00 [From the mouth to Utical 0 Location Dimensions Depth on miter Character of foundation sills at low water of 1879 Lift H Name Width at low 0 Miles of Avail- water above Nearest town able of 1879 Lock Dam cham- 0 mouth lenigth Lower Upper ber for full 0I- width '- - ' o Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet Kampsville.......... 31. 5 Kampsville, Ill..... 73 300 7. 58 7 6. 7 Piles in clay and sand-------------- Piles in clay and sand. La Grange-....... 77. 5 Versailles, Ill ... . .-- 73 300 7 33 7 7. 0 Piles in mud and sand- .---------- ___ .Piles in mud and sand. i i i W i i Type of construction Percent- Year c Kind of dam age of Cost Name com- comple- ofpletion Lock Dam tion I I Kampsville._ _. . _ Fixed - Masonry ------ ------------- Pile . 100 1893 $444,100 La Grange -----. - ..-...-- - - .- do. ... - - ___do---------......----------------do... 100 1889 485,034 , , F-2 0 Illinois Waterway FROM UTICA TO LOCKPORT Location Dimensions Depth on milter sills 1 i Lift at low Name Width of Available water 1 Miles above Neaest town Lower Upper r mouth chamber length for full width I i Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet Sta ved R ock -..... ..... ............. ...... ..... 230.9 Utica --...-----.--.... ...---------------------- 110 600 19.0 14.0 16.8 244.5 Marseilles__ _----------- ---------------- 110 600 23.8 14.3 18. 5 re efd Island.._ Ilr . .. ... .. __. . . .. Islan------------------------------- 271.3 Morris .----- .-------------------------- 110 600 20.0 14.0 16.8 Brasdon Road .--.---------- .... --------.- ..----- 285. 8 Joliet- .--- -.------------------------------ 110 600 33.8 14.0 17. 8 Lockport- . .-- .-- -------- - .-.- .. .--- --- 29. 9 Lockport . ----------------------------- 110 600 40. 8 15.2 22.0 Type of construction Character of foundation Percent- Year Estimated cost QM Name Kind of dam cageofe- of co- Unid States W Lock Dam Lock Dam tion peion for completion H Per cent o Starved Rock-....... Movable (taintor gates)-- ---- ___-- Concrete.--. Concrete and structural steel.......----------. Rock..._.. Rock.----- 95 ..----- 2 $111,000 ............. Marseilles------------ do .......--..... do ...----------------------- ----- dodo ..............---------------------------- do----- .... 75 ...... 633, 00 v Dresden Island- do-- -.--------- ------ -- ------- do-............dodo........----------------------------do- -do- 20 -----. 21,617, 500 r d, Brandon Road.---------M .1,236,000 do..--. -- d-------------o--- do--------- ----- do _ ----- --------------------- do- -- do-. . 70 Q r Loekport.------- Movable (sector gates). do--------dod..-------------------- odo . . 98 :74, 000 H4 1 Low water fs water surface for flow through sanitary canals of 1,500 c. f. s. plus domestic putmpage. 2 Locks and dams partially constructed by State of Illinois or sanitary district of Chicago. No Federal funds have been expended for construction to date. TO0 'I RT OF; CHI F oF ENGINEERS, U. S. AR1MY, 1930 The latest published map of the Illinois River appears opposite page 2942, Annual Report for 1914. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-In 1869 the general assembly of the State of Illinois directed the construction of a lock and dam at Henry. Oper- ations on this work were carred on under the direction of the State board of canal commissioners in substantial conformity with the plan of improvement recommended by the United States Board of Engi- neers in the report of December 17, 1867, and the work was completed at a cost to the State of approximately $400,000. Likewise, the State expended $347,747 in completing the lock and dam at Copperas Creek in 1874 and 1877 after the United States had expended $62,359 on foundation for the lock. It appears there were no "conditions im- posed by law," as far as the wording of the river and harbor acts was concerned, with reference to the above work. However, the Annual Report for 1873 (p. 437) states that the- improvement has thus far been carried on conjointly by the General Governnient and the State of Illinois, according to a system adopted some four years since, the State of Illinois undertaking the building of locks and dams and the United States preparing the river bed so as to afford, when the dams shall have been built, a navigation for vessels drawing 7 feet of water. The river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, modified the exist- ing project subject to the condition that the State of Illinois transfer to the United States without cost all rights and titles in the two State-owned dams on the Illinois River, and that local interests fur- nish the United States without cost all necessary areas for the dis- posal of materials dredged in creating and maintaining the channel authorized. By deed dated March 28, 1928, the State of Illinois transferred these locks and dams to the United States. Permits have been received from most of the riparian landowners for use of their lands for the disposal of dredged material. The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, requires that the State of Illinois shall proceed, subject to the supervision and ap- proval of all expenditures and obligations by the Secretary of War, to construct the highway bridges at the Brandon Road and Marseilles Canal, to make the necessary alterations in other highway bridges across the Illinois Waterway, to make the necessary arrangements and agreements for the alterations of the railroad bridges across said waterway, and to do such other work on said waterway as the Secre- tary of War shall direct and the available funds of the State make possible; the bridges mentioned not to become the property of the United States, and no obligations to be incurred by the United States to maintain, operate, or replace them. Terminal facilities.-Of the 13 principal cities and towns along the Illinois River, about five own dock frontage, more or less improved for boat landings; four own dock frontage with no improvements; and four own no frontage. Of the eight last mentioned, boat land- ings are made at street ends. No wharf charge is made at any of the cities except Peoria. At Peoria, the largest city on the river, bonds to the amount of $400,000 were authorized by popular vote on September 18, 1929, to provide for additional terminal facilities. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT 1261 Effect of improvement.-Transportationby water has been made easier and a profitable and useful navigation is carried on the entire year except when ice prevents. Up to as late as 1895, steamboats were compelled to suspend operations one or two months in the late sum- mer and early fall nearly every year on account of low water. Since 1895 navigation has never been suspended for that reason. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations under the existing 9-foot project on the Illinois River between the mouth and Utica have been in progress throughout the year. During the period dredging has been completed over a total of about 10 miles of the river, and partially completed over a total of about 27 miles, all being new work. Under contracts dated March 27, 1929, for dredging in sections 1 and 2, 731,908 cubic yards of material have been dredged from the navigable channel in section 1 and 627,071 cubic yards in section 2. Under contract dated July 27, 1929, work was begun on November 27, 1929, and 369,806 cubic yards have been dredged from the navigable channel in section 3. Under contract dated July 8, 1929, work was begun on September 11, 1929, and 861,601 cubic yards of earth were dredged in section 4. Under the same contract rock dredging was begun on August 29, 1929, and 3,149 cubic yards of rock were removed from the navigable channel. Four dredges were operated under the various contracts until March 31, 1930, when an additional dredge was placed in operation in section 1. On April 7, 1930, an additional dredge was placed in operation in section 4. By the use of Government plant and hired labor, a total of 135,130 cubic yards have been removed from the navigable channel in sections 3 and 4. The total cost for the fiscal year $737,164.60. The expenditures were $573,940.84. Construction by the State of Illinois on that part of the project as extended by the act approved July 3, 1930, from Utica, Ill., to Lockport, Ill., was carried on until about January 1, 1930. Work under centract was continued during this period on the locks and dams at Starved Rock, Dresden Island, and Brandon Road, and on the river walls through Joliet, Ill. Construction of the canal around the rapids at Marseilles, Ill., is practically completed. Some dredg- ing has been done under contract during the year in the Marseilles pool. Since January 1, however, with the exception of dredging in the Marseilles pool, work on the waterway as a whole, has been practically suspended. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The 9-foot project between the mouth of the Illinois River and Utica, Ill., is about 47 per cent com- pleted. Except at Kampsville, the controlling depth of the river, as it prevails with a flow of 8,500 cubic feet per second through the Chicago Drainage Canal (authorized until June 30, 1930), was 7.9 feet. Due to the lowering of Kampsville Dam 2 feet in 1905-06, by the sanitary district of Chicago, under permit of the Secretary of War, the controlling low-water depth over the upper miter sill at Kampsville Lock is 61/2 feet. The work remaining to be done to com- plete the project as modified by the act of January 21, 1927, consists in dredging in about 76 miles of river to obtain a depth of 9 feet, and reconstruction of the locks and dams at La Grange and Kampsville. 1262 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U; S. ARMY, 1930 The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $752,607.68, all for new work. Total expenditures were $683,- 473.46. On the section between Utica and Lockport, comprising the upper 43 miles of the Illinois and the lower 18 miles of the Des Plaines Rivers, the channels in their present condition are not navigable. Work on the lock and dam at Starved Rock, which is located 1 mile above Utica, is 95 per cent completed. The Marseilles Canal, around the rapids at Marseilles is 98 per cent completed. At Dresden Island, near the head of the Illinois River, the lock and dam is about 20 per cent completed. At Brandon Road Lock and Dam, 2 miles below Joliet, the work is about 70 per cent completed. Between Lockport and the head of Federal navigation on the Chi- cago River a navigable channel has been constructed by the sanitary district of Chicago, with a minimum width of 160 feet and a con- trolling depth of 20 feet at low water. The Calumet-Sag Canal, 16.2 miles long, connecting the Sanitary Canal at a point about 12 miles above Lockport, with the Little Calu- met River at Blue Island, has a minimum surface width of 60 feet, and a minimum bottom width of 36 feet; the controlling depth is 20 feet. Proposed operation.-The following is a statement of work pro- posed to be done with the balance unexpended July 1, 1930: Illinois River from the mouth to Utica, Ill.: Dredging with Government plant-- New work----------------------------$47,600.00 Maintenance----------------------------7, 400. 00 $55, 000. 00 Contract obligations-- New work, Section I---------------------74, 4. 5 New work, Section II--------------------3, 906.48 New work, Section III---------- 338, 661.00 New work, Section IV (Earth) ------------ 228,369.77 (Rock) ------------ 336, 351. 15 1,009, 758. 99 Increase in dredging, Sections I to IV, inclusive, estimated cost------------- -------------------------------- 147, 666. 00 Surveys and inspections and overhead incidental to dredging by contract and Government plant-------------------- 124, 495.86 Care and repair of property and plant- New work-------... ---- -------- $4, 500. 00 Maintenance--_____------ ---- __--9, 500. 00 14, 000. 00 Improvement of boat yard at Peoria, Ill., with Government plant and hired labor: Maintenance.- -- --- ___-__ 7, 000. 00 Surveys, including cross-sections and discharge observations with Government plant and hired labor: Maintenance. 15, 000. 00 Superintendence, engineering contingencies, and overhead____ 54, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---- ___________ 164, 105. 69 Total---- ------------------------------------- 1,591, 026. 54 Outstanding liabilities and contract obligations include dredging during June, 1930, under existing contracts to new project depth of 9 feet from the mouth of the river to Starved Rock. The dredge Illinois will be operated during the entire working season. Main- tenancedredin yprobably will be required near the entrance to the locks and at specialdocalities. It is expected tha all fuidS will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. RIVERS AND HARBORS--CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT 1263 The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, is as follows: Improvement Illinois River from the mouth to Utica, Ill. Dredging with Government plant: Maintenance------------------$50, 000 Payments of contract obligations for dredging, new work, Section III_ 100, 000 Dredging to project dimensions where necessary------------------967, 000 Care and repair of property and plant by hired labor-- New wk --------------------------- $10, 000 Maintenance _---------------------------- 20, 000 30, 000 Improvement of boat yard at Peoria with Government plant and hired labor: Maintenance------------------------------------ 3, 000 Surveys, including cross-sections and discharge observations-------- 15, 000 Superintendence, engineering, contingencies and overhead---------- 45, 000 Total------ ------------------- --------------------- 1, 210, 000 Extension of Federal projects from Utica, Ill., to heads of Federal projects on the Chicago and Calumet Rivers. (Illinois Waterway and Sanitary District Canals) : Acquisition of land, including surveys-----------------------150, 000 Starved Rock Lock and Dam------------------------------10, 000 Marseilles Lock --------- ---------------- ----- 84, 000 Marseilles Dam ---------------------------------------- 30, 000 Dredging Marseilles pool, including surveys------------106, 000 Construction of Dresden Island Lock and Dam------- $874, 000 Engineering-----------------------------------35, 000 909, 000 Construction of Brandon Road Lock and Dam-------- 731, 000 Engineering------------------- ------------ 20, 000 751, 000 Wells through Joliet, Ill ---------------------- 780, 000 Engineeing--- -------------------------------- 20,000 800, 000 Care of grounds and equipment at Lockport Lock------------- 10, 000 Total-- ------------------------------------------- 2,850, 000 Grand total------------- --------------------------- 4, 060, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce throughout the portion of the river under improvement, so far as ascertainable, consisted chiefly of grain, coal, sand and gravel, lumber, livestock, and apples. The usual draft employed for loaded boats for the principal classes of traffic ranges from-31/ to.6 feet. Following is a statennt of the commerce passing over the im- proved portion of the Illinois River for the past five years: Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1925.........---------- 96, 080 $4, 828, 588 17, 315 1928.. ...... _ 72, 706 $4, 029, 829 22, 857 1926 ......... 116, 265 4, 053, 862 19, 305 19209.......... 60, 909 2, 952, 853 39, 050 1927---_----- 74, 842 2, 889, 346 12, 221 The decrease in tonnage and value as shown for 1929, compared with 1928, was due to shortage of apple crop, no cargoes of sand and gravel for building of hard roads; and shipment of liveAtock, coal, and lumber by trucks instead - of river transportation. The increase in passengers was due to an additional operation of an excursion boat. 11714--ENG 1930----80 1264 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and ftnanoial wUWfmanry Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-----....-------------------1 $3, 291, 709. 72 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 440, 011. 96 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930......---------- 3, 731, 721.68 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930.....---------- 27, 592. 12 Net total cost to June 30, 1930----------------------- 3, 959, 313.80 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------------- 2, 915. 35 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930--------------------- 3, 962, 229. 15 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------- 164,105. 69 Net total expenditures------------------------------ 3, 798, 123.46 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------1, 591, 026. 54 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 5, 389, 150. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------...........--.--..- $63, 173. 87 $63, 207. 79 $30, 247. 79 $107, 075. 47 $737, 164. 60 Cost of maintenance---.......-.------- . 30, 614. 23 31, 535.91 34,170.46 3,957. 93 .......... Total cost__-- .---.----..93,-- _ 788. 10 94, 743. 70 64, 418. 25 111, 033. 40 737, 164. 60 Total expended--------------............................ 93, 788.10 94, 743. 70 90, 929. 25 118, 241.06 573, 940. 84 Allotted-------------- ------------------ 42, 000. 00 66, 000. 00 575, 000. 00 850, 000.00 849, 500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------- $1, 315, 467. 38 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved May 28, 1930---------------- $779,500.00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930------------------------ ------------------- 600, 000. 00 1, 379, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for---------------- --------------- 2, 694, 967. 38 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment--------------- 530, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for....-----------------------2, 164, 967. 38 Gross amount expended------------------- -- 573, 965. 34 Less receipts from sales-------------------------- 24. 50 573, 940. 84 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------- 1, 591, 026. 54 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------ - 11, 004. 97 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts ----- 1--164, 101. 26 1, 1, 175, 106. 23 Balance available June 30, 1930--...--------------------- 415, 920. 31 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------------------- 2, 915. 35 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930....--------------418, 835.66 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion -- - -- - -- -- - -- -- - -- - -- - - - -- - - - - - of existing project_ 8, 700, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932:- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - For new work - - - - - - - - ---- -- - - - - - 3,950, 000. 00 For maintenance - - - --- --- -- - -- - -- - -- 00 o. 00 0, Total 2 .------- ---- 4, 060, 000. 00 1 P~revious costs reduced $1,438.03. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT 1265 2. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS AT LA GRANGE, KAMPSVILLE, COPPERAS CREEK, AND HENRY, ILLINOIS RIVER AND APPROACHES THERETO The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for improvement of Illinois River, Ill. For general information regarding the improvement see pages 1256 to 1264 of this report. The locks and dams at La Grange and Kampsville have been oper- ated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation; that at La Grange since 1889 and Kampsville since 1893. In accordance with the act of Congress approved January 21, 1927, modifying the project for improvement of Illinois River so as to provide a 9-foot channel, the locks and dams at Copperas Creek and Henry, formerly owned by the State of Illinois, were by deed dated March 28, 1928, transferred to the United States, which took possession on July 1, 1928. These locks have been maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation .since that date. The project as modified included the removal of these two dams and this work has been partially accomplished. Operation andc results during the fiscal year.-The locks and dams at La Grange and Kampsville were operated and maintained and all appurtenant property and plant cared for. Accumulations of sedi- ment were removed from the lock chambers and approaches; 660 cubic yards at La Grange and 8,820 cubic yards at Kampsville. Minor repairs were made to valves in head-bay floor, lock gates and machinery, dwellings, outbuildings, and tools. Sixty cubic yards of filling was placed in lock grounds at Kampsville Lock. Ten holes above and 10 holes below La Grange Lock and 14 holes above and 14 holes below Kampsville Lock, were drilled to determine formation conditions at these sites. The locks were closed to navigation by ice on January 1, 1930, and from January 6, 1930, to February 18, 1930. General supervision of the Copperas Creek Lock and Henry Lock was exercised and property and plant cared for. One caretaker was employed at each of these locks. At Copperas Creek the well was redrilled, a pump installed4 and minor repairs made to dwellings and grounds. The cost was $22,707.81, of which $8,081.64, was for La Grange Lock, $12,137.86 for Kampsville Lock, $1,651.31 for Copperas Creek Lock, and $837 for Henry Lock. Expenditures were $23,829.66. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The work has resulted in the canal- izing of more than 100 miles of the river by construction of two locks and dams (completed in 1889 and 1893 at a cost of $929,134). The controlling depth on the miter sills at natural low water was origi- nally 7 feet, but with the present flow from Lake Michigan through the Chicago Drainage Canal this depth at La Grange is approxi- mately 2 feet more. Due to the lowering of Kampsville Dam 2 feet in 1905-6 the controlling depth at Kampsville Lock is 6.5 feet. The gates, filling valves and head-bay floors at La Grange and Kampsville Locks are in poor condition. The leakage through the head-bay floors and gates, and between the gates and miter sills, both upper and.lower, is so large as to make operation of the gates extremely difficult at low stages of the river. 1266 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The total cost of operating and care has been $621,637.22, of which $315,266.16 was for La Grange Lock, $301,379.72 for Kampsville Lock, $2,950 for Copperas Creek Lock, and $2,041.34 for Henry Lock. Total expenditures from the permanent indefinite appropriation were $642,235.44, of which $325,224.98 was for La Grange Lock,. $312,039.85 for Kampsville Lock, $2,944.27 for Copperas Creek Lock,. and $2,026.34 for Henry Lock. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams at La Grange and Kampsville .ill be operited and maintained. One caretaker will be retained each at Copperas Creek and Henry Locks, to care for grounds and property. At La Grange and Kampsville Locks and Dams, additional fire-protection equipment will be installed, repairs will be made to fillings, valves, head-bay floors, lock gates above low water, and to dwellings. The original height of Kampsville Dam will be temporarily restored, in sufficient measure, to provide a 9-foot depth on the miter sill. At Copperas Creek Lock repairs will be made to dwellings, grounds, and service buildings. At Henry Lock the grounds will be iniproved. All work will be done under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided for in section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The limit of draft for loaded boats through the locks is 6.5 feet. Following is a statement of the commerce through the locks for the past five years. About one-third of this commerce passes through both locks. Coyparatitvestatement LA, GRANGE LOCK Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1925 _.--------------------- 20, 985 $880, 432 1928........--------------------- 10, 381 $880, 513 1926..--------------------- 20, 383 882, 766 1929---------------------- 8, 034 725, 120 1927 --------------------- 11, 815 739,138 KAMPSVILLE LOCK 1925. --------------------- 13,170 $1, 506, 640 1928........... .......---------------------- 9, 878 '$1, 309, 972 1926-----..........---------------........ 13, 151 1, 319, 620 1929....................---------------------- 6, 844 1, 03.7,284 1927.--------------------- 9,423 1, 21,.708 The decrease in tonriiag" and value as shown for 1929, compared with 1928, was due to shortage of apple crop, and shipments of live- stock by trucks instead of by river transportation. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $621, 637. 22 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------------- 21. 324. 00 Net total cost to June 30, 1930---------------- --- -- 642, 961. 22 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 725. 78 Net tdtal'~penditures-------------- - 642, 235. 44 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------4, 30. 36 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 646, 544. 80 RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT 1267 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 ' 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work----------------------I---------------------------------- -Cost of maintenance ---------------- $17, 546.81 $17, 541.95 $22,080.01 $19, 427. 72 $22, 707. 81 Total expended.---------------------- 17, 546. 81 17, 541. 95 22, 080.01 16,126.17 23,829. 66 Allotted -------------------------------------- -- 16,000.00 34,000.00 10,000.00 Balance unexpended Ju'y 1, 1929___------------------------------ $18, 139. 02 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909- 000. 00 1-------------------------- Amount to be accounted for------------_ ----------------- 28, 139. 02 -Gross amount expended_ __- 23, 829. 66 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930__-------------------------------- 4, 3090. 36 'Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---------------------------- 725.78 B'alance available June 30, 1930 ------------------ 3, 583.58 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931_----------------------------- 100,000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931_ 103, 583. 58 3. OPERATING SNAG BOATS AND DREDGE BOATS ON UPPER MISSIS- SIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES-ILLINOIS RIVER, ILL. Location and description.-Snag and dredge boat operations on the Illinois River extend from its mouth to La Salle, a distance of '223 miles. (For location and description of Illinois River see p. 1256 .of this report.) Originalcondition.-In its original condition the banks of the river were lined with numerous trees, overhanging branches, stumps, and trees felled into the river by fishermen as a protection to their fish nets. These trees became partly buried in the river alongside the -edge of the stream, and in many cases broken limbs floated out into and became partly embedded in the channel, forming a serious menace to navigation. Previous iprojects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for removing snags and similar obstructions in the river and the most serious obstructions on the banks, under the permanent annual appropriation provided by the act of August 11, 1888. The existing project for that portion of the river from its mouth to Copperas Creek was adopted by the river and harbor act of March .2, 1907, and was extended from Copperas Creek to La Salle by the act of March 3, 1909. A map of this river is published in the Annual Report for 1914, opposite page 2942. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terndnal facilities.-See report on Illinois River. Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been made safer by the -removal of fixed obstructions in the river. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A total of 21 snags were removed from the river channel by use of Government plant and hired labor. The cost was $2,000, all maintenance. 1268 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 30 Expenditures were $2,722.64. Condition at end of fl.cal year.-There were no obstructive snags in the channel. The total expenditures for this work from the permanent indefinite appropriation for operating snag boats on the upper Mississippi and tributaries were $22,247.32, all maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to employ available plant in removing snags and similar obstructions in the river channel between La Salle, Ill., and the mouth of the river, and the removal of the more serious obstructions on the banks. Operations will be governed by the amount allotted ($2,000) from the permanent indefinite ap- propriation for operating snag boats and dredge boats on the upper Mississippi River and tributaries. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_----------------------- $22, 247. 32 Net total expenditures------------------------------------------ 22, 247. 32 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------ 22, 247. 32 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work....-------------- --- ------------ -------------------------------- Cost of maintenance-------------------------------------- $2,000.0 $1,500. 00 $2,000. 00 Total expended........................-----------------------.. $2, 000. 00 $2,000. 00 2,000. 00 777. 36 2, 722. 64 Allotted--.........------------ ---------------- 2, 000. 00 2, 000.00 2,000.00 2,000. 00 1, 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ---------------- $1, 222. 64 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved August 11, 1888__----------------------------------------------- 2, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for -------------------------------- 3, 222. 64 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment, _______- ____ 500 00 Net amount to be accounted for_______ --- __--__--_ 2, 722. 64 Gross amount expended __-__--____,,_____ 2, 722. 64 4. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary .examinations and surveys for navigation called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of committees of Congress (not in- cluding those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess,, or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspec- tions, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line studies; administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; surveys on Illinois waterway and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $9,231.25; the expenditures were $8,184.75. lhe balance unexpnded June 39, 1930, will be applied asLeeded during the fiscal year 1930 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The sum of $18,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. RIVERS AND HARBORS--CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT 1269 Cost and fnanoal summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_-__-------- ---- $9, 231. 25 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930----------------------____ 1, 046. 50. Net total expenditures____-------8,----------- ------------------- , 184. 75 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------------20, 815.25 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-----_------------ 29, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work----------...... ------------------------- ------------------------------- Cost of maintenance----....---------------- ------------------------------------ ------------ $9, 231.25 Total expended..............-------------------------- ----------------------------------- 8,184. 75 Allotted-----. ------------------------ ----------------------------------- 29,000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930----------------------------------------------- $20,000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved February 28, 1929----------------------------------- --------- 9,000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_ .__..... -_________---___ 29, 000. 00 Gross amount expended----------------------------------------- 8, 184. 75 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_---------- __________-- 20, 815. 25 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-_________--- - _____ 1, 046. 50 Balance available June 30, 1930 ________ __ _________ 19, 768. 75. Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 ____________ 18, 000. 00 REPORT MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, UNITED STATES SENATE By resolution dated November 20, 1929, a review of reports on the Illinois and Des Plaines Rivers, Ill., printed in House Documents Nos. 112 and 220, Fifty-Sixth Congress, second session, was re- quested. Report thereon was transmitted to the committee April 3, 1930, and printed in Senate Document No. 126, Seventy-first Con- gress, second session. Recommendation is made for extension of the existing project for the Illinois River so as to provide for a nav- igable depth of not less than 9 feet from the head of the present Federal project on the Illinois River to the heads of the Federal projects on the Chicago and Calumet Rivers, the portion between Utica, Ill., and the fore bay of the power house of the sanitary dis- trict of Chicago near Lockport, Ill., to be secured by means of dams, locks, lateral canals and dredging, at an estimated cost to the United States of $7,500,000, with $223,000 annually for maintenance and operation, and the portions north and east from the fore bay of said power house to be secured by utilization of the existing system of improved waterways constructed by the sanitary district of Chi- cago in which depths now exist considerably in excess of 9 feet, sub- ject to certain provisions. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1270 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 IMPROVEMENTS OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE NASHVILLE (TENN.) DISTRICT This district includes the entire drainage basin of the Cumberland River, the drainage basin of the Tennessee River from Riverton, Ala., to its mouth, where it enters the Ohio River at Paducah, Ky., and the territory of the southern tributaries of the Ohio River between the mouth of the Cumberland River and the mouth of the Ohio River. The district embraces a large portion of middle and western Tennessee and portions of western and eastern Kentucky, northern Alabama, and northern Mississippi. District engineer: Maj. John F. Conklin, Corps of Engineers, to August 2, 1929, and Maj. Frank S. Besson, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. H. B. Ferguson, Corps of Engineers, to October 10, 1929, and Lieut. Col. George R. Spalding, Corps of Engi- neers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Cumberland River, Tenn. and 4. Tennessee River below River- Ky., below Nashville------ 1270 ton, Ala---------------_--_ 1281 2. Cumberland River, Tenn. and 5. Examinations, surveys, and Ky., above Nashville------ 1273 contingencies (general) ___ 1281 3. Operating and care of locks and dams on Cumberland River--------------------- 1279 1. CUMBERLAND RIVER, TENN. AND KY., BELOW NASHVILLE Location and description.-The Cumberland River is formed by the junction of Poor and Clover Forks in Harlan County, Ky., about 687 miles above its mouth, and flows west to Burnside, Ky., from whence it makes a loop into Tennessee, passes Nashville, and returns to Kentucky, emptying into the Ohio near Smithland, Ky. The project provides for the improvement of the 326.1 miles of the river between Burnside and= Nashville and of the 192.6 miles below Nashville. At Burnside, the proposed head of navigation, the drainage area is 3,520 square miles, and at the mouth of the river 18,000 square miles. The extreme low-water discharge at Burnside is 80 second- "feet, and at the mouth 1,100 second-feet, and the high-water dis- charge is estimated at 175,000 second-feet at Burnside, 203,000 second- feet at Nashville, and 210,000 second-feet at the mouth of the river. The average width of the river varies from about 300 feet between Burnside and Nashville to from 400 to 500 feet below Nashville. The slope averages 0.66 foot per mile between Burnside and Nash- ville and 0.4 foot per mile below Nashville. The currents are mod- erate, except at some of the shoals. (See United States post-route map of Kentucky and Tennessee.) Original condition.-The river below Nashville was considerably obstructed by rocky ledges, conglomerate gravel and sand bars, snags, and other surface obstructions, on account of which navigation was rendered-ery uncertain, though steamboat navigation was ust4Jly pos~ebhkovr..the eratire section of 192.6 miley for five or six months in the year. The minimum available extreme low-water depth wfs probably not more than 6 inches. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NASHVILLE, TENN., DISTRICT 1271 Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of July 17, 1832, made the first appropriation for this section of the river, but the act of March 3, 1871, was the first to define a project for its improve- ment. The river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, adopted a special project for. the improvement of the mouth of the river. The total cost and expenditures on all projects prior to the adoption of present or canalization project in 1892 were $460,000, all of which was for new work. For further details of previous projects see .,page 1901 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of six locks and dams (Locks A to F), beginning with Lock A, 41.4 miles below Nashville, and ending with Lock F, 149 miles below Nashville, to secure 6-foot navigation at low water between Lock F and Lock 1, the first lock constructed under the project for the section of the river above Nashville. The construction of Lock and Dam No. 52, Ohio River, has created a pool of more than 6-foot depth in the Cumberland River as far as Lock and Dam F. The following table shows the principal features of the locks and dams included in the project: Lock A Lock B IRck C Nearest railroad station- ...... Fox Bluff, Tenn., at Hickory Point, Tenn., Sailors Rest, Ten., station. one-half mile. 1 mile. Distance above mouth of river__ 151.2 miles 141.1 miles ----_------ .---------- 109.4 miles. Lock dimensions ___________ 52 by 280 feet.. ..--------52 by 280 feet-.......... 52 by 280 feet. Lift above normal pool of dam 12.75 feet------------ 12 feet_ ..-------------- 12 feet. below. Depth on miter sills at low f6.5 feet, upper -- 16.5 feet6.5 feet water. 16.8feet, lower f 6.5feet. Character of foundation-.....__. Rock__________________ Rock-------------- Rock. Kind of dam_---------------- Fixed_-------------- Fixed--------------.... .. Fixed. Type of construction .....---------- Stone masonry lock, Concrete lock, timber Concrete lock, timber timber crib dam. crib dam. crib dam. Placed in operation -----------......... Nov. 26, 1904....--------. Nov. 9, 1916 .--------- Sept. 2, 1918. Cost of lock and dam-........... $392,223.15 .... .. $573,005.43----------.. $604,782.76. Lock D Lock E Lock F Nearest railroad station ..-..... Bear Spring, Tenn., Cadiz, Ky., 12 miles-__ Eddyville, Ky., at 5% miles. station. Distance above mouth of river _ 88.2 miles .__________ 65.7 miles _----------- 43.6 miles. Lo(te ----------- s -si _. 5by 804eet-_-------- 52 by 280feet_...... __ 52by 280 feet. Lift above normal pool of datn 11 feet.-------------- 10 feet. 13.3 feet. ...-------------- below. Depth on miter sills at low 6.5 feet..-._________-- . 6.5 feet 6.5 feet.I ..-------------. water. 2 Character of foundation .-- ____ Rock 2 __ _ Rock 2___--____ -- Rock. Kind of dam__..... _____________. Fixed Fixed-------------- Fixed. Type of construction ---------- Concrete lock, timber Concrete lock, timber Concrete lock, timber crib dam. crib dam. crib dam. Placed in operation_......... Dec. 21, 1916 - . Nov. 20, 1922 _ - . Nov. 1, 1923. Cost of lock and dam---------.. $504,095.17 _ $940,833.05.. _----------. $1,006,943.71. ..----------.. 1 Referred to low-water open river. 2 Abutment founded on piles; dam partly on rock and partly on gravel. The extreme fluctuation in the stage of the river varies from about 55 feet to about 60 feet at different localities. Fluctuations below extreme high water are so variable that it is impracticable to fix the stage commonly.referred to on other streams as ordinary high water. Excluding amount expended under previous projects, the estimated cost of the project, revised in 1919, was $4,596,448. For a detailed statement of this revision see page 1282, Annual Report for 1920. 1272 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 13, 1892, provided for Lock A (Annual Report for 1890, p. 2151); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for Locks B to F, and for the dredging below Lock F (H. Does. Nos. 758, 60th Cong., 1st sess., and 1481, 60th Cong., 24 sess.). For map see House Document No. 1481, Sixtieth Congress, second session, page 8. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-At Nashville, Tenn., there is a 5-story termi- nal building 300 feet long and 140 feet wide, built of reinforced concrete, having large and convenient loading platforms with en- trances for wagons and trucks and track connection with the Ten- nessee Central Railway near by. This terminal is equipped with three large freight elevators, traveling crane and belt conveyor, all electrically operated. The terminal is owned by the city of Nash- ville and is open to public use. At Nashville, there are two railway inclines for transferring freight between cars and river vessels. These inclines are privately owned, but open to public use. At Clarksville, Tenn., there is a warehouse with incline tramway, pri- vately owned, but open to public use. At Dover, Tenn., there are two warehouses with incline tramways, both privately owned, one of which is open to public use. At Fox Bluff Tenn., there is a railway in line owned by the Tennessee Central R ailway Co., but open to public use. Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to facilitate local traffic at various points along the river and the move- ment of occasional tows of freight during the low-water season. The effect has not yet been fully realized, because of the fact that canal- ization of the lower Cumberland and the Ohio River at the mouth of the Cumberland had not been completed until 1928, so that until this date through traffic during the low-water period was not possible. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No active operations were carried on during the year, as this project had been completed. However, a strip of land at Lock F, no longer needed by the United States, was reconveyed to the city of Eddyville, Ky., for the sum of $20, and 6 acres of land adjacent to the reservation at Lock C, dam- aged by wave action from the dam, was purchased at a total cost of $751.50. The total amount expended was $131.27. Condition at end of fiscal year.-All of the locks and dams under this project have been completed. Since the completion of Dam 52, Ohio River, during 1928, year-round 6-foot navigation is afforded from Nashville to the mouth of the river. The total costs under the present project are $4,307,821.29, of which $4,248,751.87 is for new work and $59,069.42 for maintenance. The net total expenditures under the present project are $4,307,- :221.29. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended will be applied to maintenance work as needed and are believed to be sufficient for all work during the fiscal years 1931 and 1932. Commercial statistics.-The usual drafts of boats handling all -classes of traffic vary from 15 inches to 3.5 feet. The usualdrafts of towboats and barges-employed in the lumber and tie service vary from RIVERS AND HARBORS-NASHVILLE, TENN., DISTRICT 1273 4 to 6 feet. The barges used in the sand and gravel service draw 2 to 4 feet. The commerce during the year consisted of wood (about 20 per cent), stone and marble (about 33 per cent) sand and gravel (about 40 per cent), and miscellaneous items (about per cent of the total). The following table gives a comparative statement of the total com- Z merce below Nashville for the calendar years indicated: Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1922----------.......... 101,093 $3, 781,404 29, 115 1926...----------- 277, 813 $1,881, 218 5,801 1923---------..... 264, 325 2, 156, 884 9, 207 1927---....--- 278, 994 2, 516, 836 4, 949 1924---------- 171, 074 1, 489, 616 10,094 1928 ---------. 245, 685 2,148,177 4, 872 1925---------- 222, 932 1,188,044 7, 717 1929 ----------- 314,649 2,573,834 3,731 Compared with 1928, the total tonnage showed an increase of about 28 per cent, due largely to increased movement of sand and gravel. There was a decrease in animals and animal products, forest prod- ucts, ores, metals, etc., while there was an increase in the movement of vegetable food products, machinery, vehicles, and unclassified articles. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ---------- -- $4, 708, 751. 87 Cost of ma:ntenance to June 30, 1930 ______________________ 59, 069. 42 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_ -- 4, 767, 821. 29 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 600.00 Net total expenditures--____-------- __--- -- 4, 767, 221. 29 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------ 5, 833. 04 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--__- 4, 773, 054. 33 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--------------------- $30, 169. 26 $25, 471, 49 $9, 123. 54 $28, 341. 37 $731. 50 Cost of maintenance..--------------------. 2, 397. 24 ...........---.........-------------------------------.... Total cost.-- --------------------- 32, 566. 50 $25,471.49 9, 123. 54 28,341.37 731. 50 Total expended....-------------------- 32, 566. 50 $25, 471.49 -10, 579.35 1,731.17 131.27 Allotted---------------- ----------------------------------- 82,084.47 -20, 629. 07 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 .---_----------.--------__ __ $26, 593. 38 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment----------____ _ 20,629. 07 Net amount to be accounted for_________----------- - 5, 964. 31 Gross amount expended--- _-_----------------------- $151.27 Less receipts from sales________-- ----------------- _ _ 20. 00 131.27 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------------- 5, 833. 04 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 -------------------------- 600.00 Balance available June 30, 1930--------- --------- 5, 233.04 2. CMBERLAND RIVER, TENN. AND KY., ABOVE NASHVILLE Location and description.-See this heading under " 1. Cumber- land River, Tenn. and Ky., below Nashville." 1274 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Original condition.-The river was obstructed by rock reefs, ledges, snags, etc., which greatly impeded navigation between Nashville and Burnside, while above Burnside the Smith Shoals formed an in- surmountable obstruction to vessel and barge navigation at nearly all stages. The minimum available extreme low-water depth be- tween Nashville and Burnside was less than 6 inches. The 326.1 miles of the river betwecn Nashville and Burnside were usually navi- gable for steamboats for four or five months in the year, and raft- ing and logging we're possible during the winter months for about 35 miles farther. Previous projects.-Previous projects were adopted by river and harbor acts of August 14, 1876, March 3, 1881, and July 5, 1884. The cost and expenditures on all projects prior to the adoption of the present project in 1886 were $366,252.94, all of which was for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1898 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of Locks. and Dams Nos. 1 to 17 and No. 21, to secure 6-foot navigation at low water from Nashville (192.6 miles above the mouth) to Waits- boro Shoals (322.1 miles), and 4-foot navigation from Waitsboro Shoals to Burnside (4 miles). The project also provides for the peri~o removal of snags and similar obstructions from Nashville to Burnside (326.1 miles). The project as modified by river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, further provides for raising Dam No. 1 by three feet (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 26, 70th Cong., 2d sess.). The following table shows the principal features of the locks and dams included in the project: Lock No. 1 Lock No. 2 Lock No. 3 Lock No. 4 Nearest railroad sta- Nashville, Tenn., Madison, Tenn., Hendersonville, Gallatin, Tenn., 4 tion. 2% miles. 1% miles. Tenn., 3% miles. miles. Distance above mouth 190 miles-..-...... 201.6 miles-....... 218.6 miles...-. 237.3 miles. of river. Lock dimensions 1__ _ _ 52 by 280 feet- .... 52.by 280 feet-...__ 52 by 280 feet-____ 52 by 280 feet. Lift above normal pool 6.5 feet...----------. 11 feet__...-_____ _ 12 feet ... ___ _ 12 feet. of dam below. Depth on miter sills at .-.. do _______._-_.. 6.5 feet . ________ 6.5 feet..___________ 6.5 feet. low water. Character of foundation Rock___...._____.- Rock __________ _ Rock_ .- __________ Rock. Kind of dam ... ____. Fixed....._....... Fixed---...--__... Fixed ___________. Fixed. Type of construction __Stone masonry St one masonry Stone masonry Stone masonry lock, timber lock, timber lock, timber lock, timber : tb dam.. cribdam. crib dam. crib dam. Placed in operation... Nov. 26, 1904__.. Oct. 9, 1907 ... __. Oct. 15, 1908 . Nov. 17, 1909. Cost of lock and dam $369,452.61 ....... $340,241.65 -...- $348,354.46 _.-- . $346,429.99. Lock No. 5 Lock No. 6 Lock No. 7 Lock No. 8 Nearest railroad sta- Lebanon, Tenn., Hartsville, Tenn., Carthage, Tenn., Carthage, Tenn., 5 tion. 11 miles. 6 miles. 7 miles. miles. Distance above mouth 264.8 miles--..... 282.2 miles--.... 300 miles --....... 318.2 miles. of river. Lock dimensions 1 ___ 52 by 280 feet-..... 52 by 280 feet ..... 52 by 280 feet ....- 52 by 280 feet. Lift above normal pool 12 feet...__________ 12 feet__ --...- 12 feet....________ 12.75 feet. of dam below. Depths on miter sills t 6 5 feet- ----- . 6.5 feet -........- 6.5 feet ... ----. 6.5 feet. low water. Characterof foundation Rock___________ Rock -.... Rock. ___________ Rock. Kind of dam ...----- - Fixed:- _____ Fixed...----------- ixed....___ _..... Fixed. Type of construetioai__ Stone masonry Stone masonry Stone masonry Concrete lock. tim- lock, timber lock, timber lack, timber ber crib dam. crib dam. crib dam. crib dam. Placed in operation .. Oct. 18, 1909.... - Oct. 21, 1910 ..--- Oct. 18, 1910-...... Sept. 15, 1924. Cost of lock and dam_ - $373,590.40-....... $369,357.48-...... $378,568.15 ..-... $680,915.21. 1 Clear width and length available for full width. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NASHVILLE, TENN., DISTRICT 1275 Lock No 9 Lock No. 10 Lock No. 11 Lock No. 12 Nearest railroad sta- Gordons vill e, Double Springs, Double Springs, Livingston, Tenn. tion. Tenn 12 miles. Tenn., 19 miles. Tenn, 20 miles. 19 miles. Distance above mouth 332.9 thiles .-..-- 349 1 miles ------ 366.7 miles- . . 385.2 miles. of river. Lock dimensions 1...... 52 by 280 feet.. 52 by 280 feet-...-- 52 by 280 feet... ___. 52 by 280 feet. Lift above normal pool .......--. 12.75 feet.-------- 12.75 feet--...-..--. 12.75 feet. 12.75 feet------- of dam below. Depth on miter sills at 6.5 feet...---------- 6.5 feet...----------- 6.5 feet....----------. 6.5 feet. low water. Character of foundation Rock ........ ___.. Rock ....----------. Rock.........-----------. Rock. Kind of dam-----------... Fixed-----------Fixed...___---____ Fixed-----------.... Fixed. Type of construction___ Concrete lock, tim- Concrete lock, tim- Concrete lock, tim- Concrete lock, tim ber crib dam. ber crib dam. ber crib dam. ber crib dam. Year completed--------.... (2) -- --- (2)----------------- (2)- - -- (). Estimated 3cost of lock $780,500--...------- $756,500-...-------. $735,500.....---------.. $764,000. and dam. Lock No. 13 Lock No. 14 Lock No. 15 Nearest railroad station .. Livingston, Tenn., 29 Livingston, Tenn., 35 Glassgow, Ky., 38 miles. miles. miles. Distance above mouth of 399.2 miles.__.-___-__ 421.2 miles - --.... ... 440.4 miles. river. Lock dimensions 1-....... 52 by 280 feet._ ------- _ 52 by 280 feet----------.. --. 52 by 280 feet. Lift above normal pool of 12.75 feet------------- 12.75 feet------------- 12.75 feet. dam below. Depth on miter sills at 6.5 feet.--------------6.5 feet.-------------- 6.5 feet. low water Character of foundation_ Rock.... - .- - - Rock_.---------------- Rock. Kind of dam._ -- Fixed ... -- - -- - -- - Fixed ..--.--.------ .-Fixed. Type of construction --- Concrete lock, timber Concrete lock, timber Concrete lock, timber crib dam. crib dam. crib dam. Year completed ..... (2). .. . .. (2)..---- (2) Estimated 3 cost of lock $766,000------------- $749,000 ............ ... $784,000. and dam. Lock No. 16 Lock No. 17 Lock No. 21 i Nearest railroad station.__ Burnside, Ky., 35 miles_ Burnside, Ky., 28 miles. Burnside, Ky., 29 miles. Distance above mouth of 463.2 miles_--------- 474.2 miles___-___-____ 489.7 miles. river. Lock dimensions 1-....__. 52 by 280 feet...._..---------- 52 by 280 feet...........--------- 52 by 280 4 feet. Lift above normal pool of 12.75 feet_. .-.------- 12.75 feet .------------- 14 feet. dam below. Depth on miter sills at 6.5 feet..----------- 6.5 feet. ---.----------- 6.5 feet. 5 low water. Character of foundation_ _ Rock__. .. . .. Rock....------------- Rock. Kind of dam_... ________. Fixed.--. .... Fixed _----------- - Fixed. Type of construction ... . Concrete lock, timber Concrete lock, timber Concrete. crib dam. crib dam. Year completed_..... (2) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (2)- ... -.. - - - - - - Oct. 20, 1911. Estimated 2 cost of lock $718,000 ...-- ------ .. $877,000--....---------........... $361,498.20. and dam. 1Clear width and length, available for full width. 2 Construction not yet commenced. Estimate made in 1919. 4 19.5 feet above low water, open river. 5 Low water in the open river gives only 1 foot on the lower miter sill. The extreme fluctuation in the stage of the river varies from about 55 feet to about 70 feet at different localities. Fluctuations below extreme high water are so variable that it is impracticable to fix the stage commonly referred to on other streams as ordinary high water. The estimated cost of the existing project (revised in 1930) is $10,575,183.24. This includes the estimate for Locks and Dams Nos. 1 to 7 and 21, $2,854,000 (already comnpleted), anid $7,688,500' for Locks and Dams Nos. 8 to 17 and $25,000 for raising Dam No. 1 in accordance with river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. The estimated cost each of Locks and Dams Nos. 8 to 17 is given in table above. The estimated cost of snagging operations is $5,000 per annum. 1276 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY, 1930 The existing project was adopted by river and harbor act of August 5, 1886 (annual report for 1884, p. 1663), which provided for locks and dams. This report left the final plan of improvement to the Secretary of War. The dimensions of the locks were fixed in accordance with reports of March 30, 1887, and November 25, 1890 (Annual Report for 1888, p: 1622, and 1892, p. 1933). The river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, which adopted the report of the Board of Engineers, dated February 26, 1906 (H. Doc. No. 699, 59th Cong., 1st sess.), limited the lock and dam construction to Locks and Dams Nos. 1 to 7 and 21. The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, made provision for Locks and Dams Nos. 8 to 17. (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 10, 63d Cong., 2d sess.) The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, provides for raising Dam No. 1 three feet (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 26, 70th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 740, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of May 13, 1926, the Chief of Engineers recommended that the project be modi- fied so as to provide for elimination of the proposed Locks and Dams Nos. 9 to 17, inclusive, and the substitution of a combined power and navigation system to consist of three dams at such locations and of such heights as to canalize the entire stretch in question to a depth of 6 feet at low water from the head of the 6-foot low-water pool of Dam No. 8 to Dam No. 21 with appropriate locks; the dams to be constructed and maintained by and at the expense of power interests, under conditions to be imposed by the appropriate Federal agencies; the United States to meet the cost of the locks, which will be built at such time and in such manner as the needs of navigation and economy of construction dictate; provided that local interests shall bind them- selves to furnish adequate water terminals at all towns and important landings; and shall furnish, without cost to the United States, all land necessary for the locks and their appurtenances; and provided further that the power interests shall assume all flowage damages resulting from their developments. The estimated first cost to the United States is $3,000,000 with $30,000 annually for maintenance and operation of the locks. (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 6, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.--The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, made appropriation for the completion of Lock and Dam No. 21, on condition that local interests provide a suitable landing place con- venient to the city of Burnside, which should forever be open to the public on just and equal terms. Local interests complied with this condition by purchasing and conveying to the city of Burnside a landing place, to be used in accordance with the terms of the act, but the conditions of the grant-that the landing be graded, banks and approaches paved, and that the landing be connected with the high- way system of Burnside--have not been complied with. The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, provided for the construction of Locks and Dams Nos. 8 to 17, inclusive, subject to the conditions precedent that local interests bind themselves to protect the United States against all claims for damages due to overflow, and to provide sufficient areas of water front and suitable water terminals at all towns and landings adequate for the traffic, and which shall be open to the public equally and on terms satisfactory to the Secretary of RIVERS AND HARBORS-NASHVILLE, TENN., DISTRICT 1277 War. Negotiations were entered into with a view to securing com- pliance with the conditions imposed on local interests, and all the counties in Tennessee and Kentucky involved have submitted guaran- ties to protect the United States against claims for damages from overflow, etc., as provided by the act. The guaranties for the Ten- nessee counties were accepted by the Secretary of War on December 4, 1919, and for the Kentucky counties February 20, 1923. The river and harbor act of June 5, 1920, authorized work to proceed in T ennes- see without waiting for the action of the local interests in Kentucky. Terminal facilities.-At Burnside, Ky., there are two warehouses with tramways and one railway incline. These facilities are pri- vately owned but open to public use. At Carthage, Tenn., there is a railway incline and a belt conveyor, both privately owned but open to public use. In addition to the foregoing there are many unim- proved private landings along the river, at a number of which are sheds or warehouses without regular attendants, where the owners receive and care for freight at reasonable charges. Effect of improveient.-Between Nashville and Granville 6-foot navigation has been made possible all year round. The effect of this improvement is to greatly facilitate existing traffic, which consists mainly of movement of sand and gravel in the vicinity of Nashville, the movement of forest products in the vicinity of Carthage and occasional tows of general freight over this section. The canaliza- tion of the river between Burnside and Lock and Dam No. 21 has facilitated the movement of river traffic to and from Burnside. A regular packet boat line is operated downstream from Burnside whenever river stages in the open river below Lock No. 21 permit. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done during the year and there were no costs. The amount expended was - $8,187.36. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Under the existing project Locks and Dams Nos. 1 to 8, inclusive, and No. 21 have been completed. The project as a whole is about 40 per cent completed. For details of these locks and dams see table under heading Existing project. The locks and dams provide at extreme low water a navigable channel 6 feet deep from Lock 1 (2.6 miles below Nashville) to Niagara Shoals (140.6 miles above Nashville); 6 feet deep from Lock 21 to Waitsboro Shoals (25 miles) and 4 feet deep from Waits- boro Shoals to Burnside, Ky. (4 miles). The expenditures for main- tenance have kept the channel above Nashville fairly free from snags and surface obstructions. The depth at extreme low water over the shoalest part of the reach between head of pool, Lock and Dam No. 8, and Lock 21 (55 miles in Tennessee and 101.9 miles in Kentucky) is about 0.5 foot. In this section 3-foot navigation is practically cer- tain from February 1 to May 1 and usually possible from January 1 to June 1. Four-foot navigation is usually possible from February 1 to May 1, but no period can be fixed during which it is reasonably certain. Navigation for vessels drawing over 4 feet is uncertain at all times. When the Celina gage reads 1 -foot, 16-inch navigation is practicable, and for each additional foot of reading on this gage the navigable depth is increased 0.8 foot. There remains to com- plete the project the construction of Locks and Dams 9 to 17, inclusive. 1278 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The total costs under the present project are $3,795,423.47, of which $3,691,938.35 is for new work and $103,485.12 is for maintenance. The net total expenditures under the present project are $3,795,423.47. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance un- expended July 1, 1930, to riprapping back fill of Dam No. 8, snagging in uncanalized portion of river, and to contingencies, as follows: Riprapping back fill of Dam No. 8 ---------------------------- $5, 000. 00 Sraazging in open- river_____ 15, 000. 00 Contingencies-- ------------------------------------------ 4, 720. 92 Total ------------------- -------------------------- 24, 720. 92 It is expected to complete the above work by June 30, 1931, and that the rate of expenditure will be about $2,000 per month. This will complete the project with the exception of Dams Nos. 9 to 17, inclusive, which work is held in abeyance pending action on proposed modification of project, and with the further exception of raising Dam No. 1 authorized by river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commaercial statistics.--About one-half of the total tonnage above Nashville uses the improved sections. The usual drafts of loaded towboats and packet boats handling all classes of traffic vary from 15 inches to 3.5 feet. The commerce consisted principally of forest products (about 16 per cent), sand and gravel (about 82 per cent), and miscellaneous items (about 2 per cent of the total). The following table gives a comparative statement of the total commerce for the calendar year indicated: Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1922 .-.-... 287, 607 $4, 005, 238 4, 553 1926- ......... 275, 315 $4, 312, 109 23, 532 1q23----------... 148, 910 3, 800, 796 6, 041 1927-.......... 252, 864 3, 287, 475 1, 821 1924 ------ - 271, 425 4, 724, 987 2, 373 1928 __ 474, 713 2, 251, 620 758 1925_ . . _. _- 290, 778 4, 492, 710 .29, 413 .. 1929__________ .... 255, 587 1, 535, 023 369 Compared with 1928 the tonnage for this section showed a decrease of about 46 per cent, representing decreased movements in sand and gravel, livestock, animal and vegetable food products, and forest products. Ores, metals, and chemicals showed an increase. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_-------------------- - $4, 058, 191.29 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 19301------------------------ 03, 485. 12 Total cost of permanent :work to June 30, 1930---------- 4, 161, 676. 41 Net total expenditures ----------------------------------- 4, 161, 676. 41 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ------------ 24, 720. 92 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----- 4, 186, 397. 33 RIVERS AND HARBORS-NASHVILLE, TENN., DISTRICT 1279 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929* 1930 Cost of new work------------------.-- __ $11, 691.12 $20, 126.08 $38, 711. 18 $14,038.68 ..--..... Cost of maintenance -------------------- 1, 899. 95 4, 790. 06 ----- 3,913.29 Total cost-----------------....................----- 13, 591.07 24, 916.14 38, 711.18 17, 951.97 --- Total expended--.----------------------- 13, 591.07 24, 916. 14 2, 252. 98 -43, 399. 26 -$8,187. 36 Allotted --------- ------------------ ----------------------------------....... ............-- 70,480. 17 -9, 082.50 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929______________--__-------- $25, 616. 06 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment ----------- 9, 082. 50 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------16, 533.56 Gross amount expended ___--__-- ______--------------- -8, 187. 36 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930________--------- 24,720. 92 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1______ __________________ ___ 6,858, 000. 00 3. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON CUMBERLAND RIVER The above work forms part of the project for Cumberland River, Tenn. and Ky. See pages 1270 to 1279, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. Locks A and No. 1 have been operated under the permanent indefinite appropriation since July 1, 1905. Locks B to E and Nos. 2 to 7, inclusive, have been so operated since the dates of their respective completion, as shown on pages 1271 and 1274. Lock F has been so operated since January 1, 1925. Lock 8 has been so operated since July 1, 1925. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The 15 locks were operated and locks, buildings, grounds, and floating plant cared for and maintained by hired labor. Dredging operations were carried on in the pools of the various locks, about 183,225 cubic yards of sand and gravel being dredged from the pools. The work of capping Dam No. 3 with concrete was inaugurated during the year and brought to about 10 per cent completion. Bathrooms and water systems were installed in lock keepers' dwellings at Locks, A, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. The total costs for the fiscal year were $177,925.15. The total expenditures were $175,687.67. Condition at end of fiscal year.-For condition of canalization see page 1277 for the section above Nashville and page 1272 for the sec- tion below Nashville. The total costs to the end of the fiscal year were $2,042,222.50 and the total expenditures were $2,215,198.43. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. In addition the levee at Lock No. 21, washed out by high water during March, 1929, will be repaired; work of capping Dam No. 3 with concrete will be completed, and capping Dam No. 4 will 1 Exclusive of available funds. 11714--ENG 1930----81 1280 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 be started; miter and quoin timbers on lock gates at Lock No. 2 will be renewed; a new steel barge will be !acquired, and quarter boat White Oak will be reconstructed. Commercial statistics.-The usual drafts of loaded towboats and packet boats handling all classes of traffic through the improved sec- tion vary from 15 inches to 3.5 feet. The usual drafts of tie barges vary from 4 to 6 feet. The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of forest products, sand and gravel, shipyard products, fertilizer, and vegetable food products. Comparative statement of commerce passing Looks 1 and 2, Cumberland River Lock No. 1 Lock No. 2 Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value Passengers 1921....----------------------- 115, 634 $1, 360, 072 2, 703 75, 744 $2, 041, 647 14, 762 1922-.----------------------- 127, 005 1, 761, 505 2, 443 113, 485 2,657, 142 14, 194 1923.............----------------------- 175, 964 908, 168 1, 519 72, 820 1, 424, 846 9, 164 1924.. ------------------------ 89, 339 1, 022, 222 2, 745 168, 449 1, 777, 327 10, 608 1925...------------------------ 73, 764 800, 945 2,201 108, 359 1, 249, 299 850 1926..--.--.-------------------195, 741 577, 043 372 150, 552 1, 201, 383 1, 277 1927--....--------------------- 144, 585 741, 985 281 101,134 974, 265 1, 174 1928__ ------------------------ 86, 244 764, 992 387 253, 921 864, 948 754 1929-..------------------------ 14, 456 800,074 105 168, 874 624, 251 21 Lock No. 1 is given as representative of the commerce for the series of locks below Nashville, and Lock No. 2 as representative of the commerce passing through the series above Nashville. While Lock No. 1 is in the series of locks for the Cumberland River above Nash- ville, it is located below the Nashville Wharf, and consequently all commerce passing through this lock pertains to the Cumberland River below Nashville. The decrease in tonnage at Lock No. 1, as compared with 1928, is accounted for by the falling off in sand and gravel operations, the sand and gravel companies having moved from below Nashville to above Nashville. The increased value is due to the expensive quality of such articles as were transported. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------1 $2, 042, 222. 50 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930----------- 182, 040. 79 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-------------------___ 2, 224, 263. 29 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930------- -------------- 72. 00 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930----------------2,224, 335.29 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------- -- - 9, 136. 86 Net total expenditures __-____- __ ---__ --- __--___ 2, 215, 198. 43 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 -------------------------- 54, 373. 93 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 2, 269, 572. 36 1 Credited with $11,340.45, plant adjustment, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NASHVILLE, TENN., DISTRICT 1281 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------....------------ ----------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance-.-_ _----------.-------$116, 697. 67 $118, 212. 06 $189, 575. 97 $143, 826. 06 $177, 925. 15 Total expended..--.-- .------------------ 116,697.67 118, 212.06 184,850.95 139, 103.21 175, 687.67 Allotted ..........--------------- -------------- 90,000.00 129, 000.00 185, 700.00 145, 000.00 200,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929___---------------------------- $30,061.60 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909 ------------------------- 200,000.00 Amount to be accounted for- --- ---------------------- 230, 061. 60 Gross amount expended----------------------------- $177, 096. 41 Less receipts from sales__------------------- 408. 74 -1, 1---- 175, 687.67 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 54, 373. 93 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930__-- 8, 033. 19 1---------------------- Balance available June 30, 1930---------------------------- 36, 340. 74 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------------- 72.00 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930---------------- 36, 412. 74 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931------------------------- 175,000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931___ ___________----211, 412. 74 4. TENNESSEE RIVER BELOW RIVERTON, ALA. For report on this improvement see page 1282. 5. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928) ; collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $2,669.12; the expenditures were $2,264.04. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $4,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Gost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- $3,169. 12 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 405. 08 Net total expenditures-- ------------------------------ 2, 764. 04 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------------- 5, 235. 96 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 8, 000. 00 1282 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of maintenance __.----___-_-.-.-------------------------. $500.00 $2, 669. 12 Total expended---------- ------------------------------------------- 500.00 2,264.04 Allotted----.......... .....-------------- ----------- ---------------- -------- 1 3,000.00(1 5,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_______------- __--------------- - $2, 500.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------------------- ---------------------- 5,000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_______________________ ---- 7, 500. 00 Gross amount expended----------------------------------- 2,264.04 Balance unexpended June -80, 1930__________---------- 5, 235.96 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---------------------------- 405. 08 Balance available June 30, 1930_-------------- -------- 4,830. 88 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - 4, 000. 00 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT The improvement of the Tennessee River is under the direct ju- risdiction of the district engineers at Chattanooga and Nashville, Tenn. The Chattanooga section extends from the head of the river, 41/2 miles above Knoxville, Tenn., to Riverton, Ala., a distance of 425.5 miles; the Nashville section extends from Riverton, Ala., to the mouth at Paducah, Ky., at distance of 226.5 miles. District engineers: At Chattanooga, Tenn., Maj. Lewis H. Wat- kins, Corps of Engineers; Nashville, Tenn., Maj. John F. Conklin, Corps of Engineers, to August 2, 1929, and Maj. Frank S. Besson, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. H. B. Ferguson, Corps of Engineers, to October 10, 1929, and Lieut. Col. George R. Spalding, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Improvement of Tennessee 4. Operation, maintenance, and River__ ___________-1282 repair of Dam No. 2, Ten- 2. Operating and care of canals, nessee River, including the locks, and dams, Tennessee hydroelectrical de v e 1o p - River ------------------ 1296 ment-------------------1301 3. Tennessee River, Dam No. 2, 5. French Broad and Little Pi- Muscle Shoals, Ala-------- 1297 geon Rivers, Tenn-------- 1303 6. Examinations, surveys, and contingencies (general) 1307 1. IMPROVEMENT OF TENNESSEE RIVER Location and description.-The Tennessee River is formd by the junction of the French Broad and the Holston Rivers in eastern SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT 1283 Tennessee, 41/2 miles above Knoxville, flows southwest in northern Alabama, thence in a generally west course across north Alabama, and from the northeast boundary of Mississippi nearly due north across Tennessee and Kentucky, entering the Ohio River at Paducah, 652 miles from the junction of the French Broad and Holston Rivers. See United States post-route map of Kentucky and Tennessee. The drainage area above the junction of the French Broad and Holston Rivers is 8,947 square miles, and at mouth of the Tennessee, 40,569 square miles. The latest rating curves show an extreme low- water discharge just below the junction of 1,750 secohan-feet and an extreme high-water discharge of 270,000 second-feet. Revised curve also shows extreme high-water discharge of 392,500 second-feet at Chattanooga, Tenn. At the mouth the extreme low-water discharge is estimated at 10,000 second-feet. The extreme high-water dis- charge at the mouth has not been calculated, but at Florence, 30 miles above Riverton, it has been estimated to be 481,000 second-feet. Above Chattanooga and between Chattanooga and Hales Bar the river averages about 700 feet in width; between Hales Bar and Muscle Shoals, about 1,200 feet; in the Muscle Shoals section, from 1,000 to 9,600 feet; between Florence and Colbert Shoals, about 1,700 feet ;.on Colbert Shoals, about 2,200 feet; and below Riverton, about 1,000 feet. The average fall above Chattanooga and between Chatta- nooga and Hales Bar is 0.96 foot per mile; between Hales Bar and head of Muscle Shoals, 0.42 foot; through the Muscle Shoals section, 3.57 feet; from Muscle Shoals to Colbert Shoals, 0.62 foot; through the Colbert Shoals section, 2.87 feet; and below Riverton, 0.35 foot per mile. The two important shoal sections designated as the Muscle Shoals and the Colbert Shoals (each of which is subdivided by local desig- nation) have steep slopes, with swift currents and shallow depths. The slope in places is as much as 15 feet to the mile; there are cur- rents in excess of 10 miles per hour, and the minimum available low- water depth in places is only 6 inches. Before the construction of the Hales Bar Dam the 33 miles of the river below Chattanooga known as the mountain section also contained serious obstructions caused by the excessive slopes and currents and the small depths found at the shoals. The remainder of the river consists of a series of pools separated by shoals, which on the Tennessee are usually of rock and ordinarily covered by a deposit of gravel or sand. Below Big.. Bend. Shoals, 23 miles below Riverton, there are no rock bars sufficiently near the surface to be obstructive to navigation, the ob- structions on that section consisting entirely of sand and gravel bars. Original condition.-In its original condition the Tennessee River was much obstructed throughout its entire length by snags, shoals of rock and gravel, steep slopes, and consequent currents, rendering navigation difficult and hazardous. Light navigation was possible for the greater part of the year from about 188 miles above Chatta- nooga to Browns Island (359 miles), the minimum low-water depth ranging from 0.5 to 0.8 foot. Between Browns Inland and Florence, Ala.. the shoals and steep slopes were a complete barrier to upstream navigation at all times and to downstream traffic, except at high stages and at great hazard. Between Florence and Colbert Shoals the minimum available low-water depth was about 1 foot and rnaviga- tion was practicable except during the low-water season. In the 1284 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1930 reach between Colbert Shoals and Riverton there were two obstruc- tions known as Colbert and Bee Tree Shoals, with steep slopes, swift current, and small low-water depths. These were separated by a short interval of deeper water, where the slope was small, the mini- mum low-water depth being about 1 foot. The total fall in this sec- tion was 24.95 feet, and the shoals formed a complete barrier to navi- gation at extreme stages. The entire section (8.7 miles) was navi- gable in both directions at medium high stages. The section below Riverton was obstructed by gravel bars and by rock bar known as Riverton and Big Bend Shoals. The minimum available low-water depth was about 1 foot (on Big Bend Shoals); navigation was pos- sible except during the low-water season. Previous projects.- (A) Above Chattanooga: The original project for the section above Chattanooga was adopted by the river and harbor act of Au- gust 30, 1852, and modified by the acts of June 10, 1872, August 18, 1894, and July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. 360, 62d Cong., 2d sess., p. 2). This last modification provided for improving the 188-mile section of the river between the head and Chattanooga (464.1 miles above the mouth), (a) by the construction of a concrete lock and dam at the foot of Caney Creek Shoals, to provide 6-foot navigation at extreme low water for a distance of 24.6 miles, and (b) for securing through- out the remainder of the section, by rock excavation, by dredging, and by contraction works, a channel 150 feet wide and 3 feet deep at extreme low water. Surveys and borings have been made for Caney Creek Lock and Dam, but no land has been purchased nor any construction work done. The open channel work was about 58 per cent completed, improving some of the worst shoals and clearing the channel of sur- face obstructions so as to make navigation possible except at low stages. (B) Chattanooga to Riverton: The original project for open- channel work between Chattanooga and Riverton was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1868, and modified by the acts of March 2, 1907, and June 25, 1910, and further modified to apply to sections in this reach of the river as follows: (1) Chattanooga to Hales Bar Lock and Dam: This project pro- vided for the construction by the Chattanooga & Tennessee River Power Co. of a lock, dam, and power house at Hales Bar (431 miles above the mouth), the dam to give a pool 6 feet deep at low water up to Chattanooga, a distance of 33 miles, the United States to provide plans, supervise the construction, and furnish the gates, valves, operat- ing machinery, and other appurtenances of the lock. This project was adopted by an act of Congress approved April 26, 1904 (H. Doc. No. 461, 56th Cong., 1st sess.). A change of location of the lock was authorized by an act approved January 7, 1905. The lock and dam was placed in operation November 1, 1913, and provides 6-foot navigation up to Chattanooga, Tenn. (2) Hales Bar to Browns Island: The act of July 27, 1916, pro- vided for canalization in this reach in accordance with report con- tained in Rivers and Harbors Committee, House Document No. 1, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session, and authorized the Secretary of War to determine the type of dams to be constructed. In accord- RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT 1285 ance therewith he entered his decision on April 30, 1919, in favor of two low dams with concrete locks to be constructed at Widows Bar (408 miles above the mouth) and Bellefonte Island; these dams to provide 6-foot navigation at extreme low water from Bellefonte Island to Hales Bar Lock and Dam. The project also provided (act of July 25, 1912) for open-channel work by dredging and by contraction works to obtain a channel 150 feet wide and 5 feet deep at extreme low water between the head of Browns Island (293 miles above the mouth) and Bellefonte Dam. Widows Bar Lock and Dam has been in operation since 1925. The minimum available depth between Hales Bar and Widows Bar Dam is 4.5 feet. No work has been done on Bellefonte Dam nor has any open-channel work been done below that point. This section is usually navigable for 11/4 -foot draft throughout the year. (3) Browns Island to Riverton: The improvement in this reach was divided into the following sections: (a) Browns Island to Florence: The project covered the 36.6 miles above the railroad bridge at Florence, Ala. (256.5 miles above the mouth), and provided for the construction of a canal in two sections and a stone-filled dam from the foot of Browns Island to Lock A in the Upper Elk River Shoals. One section of the canal was located on the right bank with nine locks and an aqueduct at Big Muscle Shoals and the other section was located on the left bank with two locks at Elk River Shoals, providing a depth of 5 feet at low water. Channel excavation and contraction works were contemplated to provide the same depths in the sections above and below the canal as were available in the river above and below the Muscle Shoals section. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, House Executive Document 271, Fortieth Congress, second session. Locks Nos. 3 to 9, inclusive, Muscle Shoals Canal, were drowned out by construction of Dam No. 2 (Wilson Dam) at 2.7 miles above rail- road bridge at Florence, which provides a controlling depth of 9 feet in the pool for a distance of 14.7 miles. The open-channel work done improved some localities and cleared the channel of surface obstruc- tions so as to make navigation possible in this reach except at low stages. (b) Florence Bridge, Ala. (Dam No. 1) to Dam No. 2: This project provided for the construction of a navigation lock and dam extending from the north bank of the river to Patton Island at a point 0.2 mile above the railroad bridge at Florence, Ala., to secure in the north channel of the river a maximum depth of 9.5 feet at extreme low-water stage to the lower lock at Dam No. 2 (Wilson Dam), a distance of 2.5 miles. The estimated cost of the entire proj- ect was $1,600,000. The project for Lock and Dam No. 1 and appur- tenances was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925 (H. Doc. 1262, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The lock and dam was placed in operation in 1927. It provides 7 feet depth up to Dam No. 2, which depth may be increased to 9.5 when needs of navigation require. (c) Florence to Colbert Shoals: The project provided for securing, by dredging and contraction works, a channel 150 feet wide and 6 feet deep at ordinary low water, or 5 feet deep at extreme low water, 1286 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 through all the shoals in the 21.3 miles of this section. The foot of the project section is 235.1 miles above the mouth of the river. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. 360, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The minimum available depth in this reach is 4 feet. (d) Colbert Shoals to Riverton: The project provided for sur- mounting the obstructions known as Colbert and Bee Tree Shoals by the construction of a lateral canal 8.06 miles long (8.7 miles by open river), 112 feet wide at the bottom, and 7 feet deep at extreme low water, with a lift lock at the lower end of the canal (226.5 miles above the mouth). This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, and has been completed. (C) Below Riverton: The original project for the improvement of the river below Riverton was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1868, and modified by the river and harbor acts of Sep- tember 19, 1890, August 18, 1894, March 3, 1899, and July 25, 1912. The last modification provided for open-channel work by dredging and by contraction works to obtain a channel 150 feet wide and 6 feet deep at ordinary low water or the low water of 1895, through all the shoals in the 226.5 miles of this section. As a result of the work carried on, a navigable depth of 4.5 feet is ordinarily available throughout the year. The costs on all projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1930, were as follows: Projects 1852, 1871, 1894, and 1912, above Chat- tanooga: New work-------------------------- -- $2, 350, 128. 26 Maintenance--------- ------------- --- --- 207, 578. 10 $2, 557, 706. 36 Projects 1852 and 1860 for work between Knox- ville and Kellys Ferry: New work-------------------------- 51, 406. 94 Projects 1868, 1871, 1890, 1904, 1907, 1910, 1912, 1916, and 1925, Chattanooga to Riverton: New work----------------------- ----- $9, 984, 016. 07 Maintenance----------------------------- 389, 752. 54 10, 373, 768.61 Projects 1868, 1890, 1894, 1899, and 1912, below Riverton : New work---------------------------- $1, 582,291.05 Maintenance----------------------------- 489, 656. 47 2, 071, 947. 52 Total for all previous projects----------------------___ 15, 054, 829. 43 The expenditures have been $15,685,401.81. For further details of previous projects, see pages 1902 to 1906 of Annual Report for 1915, and pages 1190-1194, 1196-1216, and 1220- 1222, Annual Report for 1929. Existing project.--This provides for a channel 9 feet deep at low water from the mouth to Knoxville, Tenn., a distance of 652 miles, to be obtained by the construction of low dams, provided, that under the provisions of the Federal water power act a high dam with locks may be substituted for any two or more of the low dams and built by private interests, States, or municipalities; and, provided further, that in case high dams are built before the United States shall have built the projected locks and low dams which are to be replaced, the RIVERS AND HARBORS- CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT 1287 United States shall contribute to the cost of the substituted structures an amount equal to the .estimated cost of the works of navigation for which substitution is made. The Chief of Engineers is directed to ascertain and report to Congress on the first day of the first regular session of the seventy- second Congress, advising the prospective cooperation offered by responsible interests, under the Federal water power act, in the pro- gram of construction recommended by the Chief of Engineers, providing for the 9-foot project by means of high dams. The total number of low navigation dams now included in the project is 32 (exclusive of those already built under previous projects). The following table contains information concerning various fia- tures of the proposed locks and low dams, and such existing locks and dams as are included in this project: Lock Location Lock i- Pool elevation Dimensions above mean sea Name" level Miles Distance from nearest town or mouth of navi- Percent- Year Estimated Milabove I- Character of foun- age of opened or actual cost mouth gable tributary dation comple- to navi- of each lock Width Length tion gation and dam 0 of cham- a vailable for full Lift Lower Upper width 1 - 1 I I 0 Feet Feet Feet Feet Aurora Landing __-__.. 42. 2 11.2 miles above Birmingham, Ky............ 110 600 13 302 315 Hard gravel-....... (1) (1) $2, 750, 000.00 White Oak Landing-...... 83.3 52.3 miles above Birmingham, Ky.... 110 600 13 315 328 ..... do. ---....... (1) (1) 2, 735, 000.00 0 Perryville _ 135. 6 At Perryville, Tenn_...................... 110 600 15 328 343 ..... do.....--------- (1) 2, 960, 000.00 0 Wolf Island..... . 192 2.5 miles above Savannah, Tenn-............. 110 600 10 343 353 ..... do.....--------- (1) 2,420,000.00 teJ Big!Bend Shoals...._.... 204. 6 2.6 miles above Haniburg, Tenn.............. 110 600 14 353 367 Rock----------.... (1) 2, 620, 000. 00 Colbert Shoals Canal..... 226. 6 0.6 mile above Riverton, Ala_..............._ 110 600 23.6 367 390. 6 ..... do..... 3, 391, 1) 665, 000.00 (1) Head Colbert Shoals ..-.. 234.6 256. 7 8.6 miles above Riverton, Ala-..... --........ 110 600 13.4 390. 6 404 ... _do __... 1) 2, 000.00 Dam No. 1...____ 0.2 mile above railroad bridge at Florence, Ala_ 60 300 12. 1 404 416. 1Limestone (Lau- 1927 s 989, 215. 25 0 derdale chert). Wilson Dam (Dam No. 2). General Joe Wheeler Dam_ 259. 2 275. 1 2.7 miles above Florence, Ala.................. 18.6 miles above Florence, Ala------------ 60 110 4300 489 416. 1 505.1 ..... do............. 1927 447, 737, 044. 27 600 15 505 520 Rock----------.............. (1) (1) (1) a 3, 575, 000.00 Lock B.._- - .------ .- 285. 1 19.3 miles below Decatur, Ala.... 110 600 10 520 530 do---....-.....---- ( 41,488, 000.00 W Milton Bluff ............ 287. 7 16.7 miles below Decatur, Ala ............... 110 600 11 530 541 ..... do------------ (1) ( 3, 195, 000.00 Indian Creek Bar......... 321.2 16.8 miles above Decatur, Ala...............,. 110 600 7 541 548 .... S 2,200, 000.00 Beards Reef.............. 355. 8 2.3 miles below Gufitersville, Ala.............. 110 600, 16 548 564 _ do........ (1) ( 2, 890, 000. 00 Mink Creek.............. 374. 2 16.1 miles above Guntersville, Ala............. 110 600 11 564 575 ....---do.........--------.... (1) 2, 415,000.00 Beliefonte.._____-.. __ 390. 6 32.5 miles above Guntersville, Ala............. 110 600 8 575 583 .....do.... ........ (1) 2, 200, 000.00 Widows Bar. .. ......... 408 56.1 miles below Chattanooga, Tenn-.......... 7 110 7600 9 7583 7 592 _,-_do....--........ (7) 71,595, 000.00 Hales Bar Lock and Dam. 431 33 miles,below Chattanooga, Tenn_--......... 60 267 37 592 8 629 ..... do--------- (1) 100 1913 * 236, 388.87 Sherman Hill............ 468. 7 4.6 miles above Market Street Bridge, Chat- 110 600 12 629 641 ..... (1) do.....---------...... (1) 2,300, 000.00 tanooga, Tenn. (1) United States quarry..... 486. 4 22.3 miles above Market Street Bridge, Chat- 110 600 12 641 653 do............ ..... (1) 2, 300, 000.00 tanooga, Tenn. Sale Creek_..... ....... . 494. 8 30.7 miles above Market Street Bridge, Chat- 110 600 10 653 663 do-...-------...... ..... (1) 2,130,000.00 tanooga, Tenn. (1) Kelly Shoals............ . 510. 8 46.7 miles above Market Street Bridge, Chat- 110 600 10 663 673 ..... do............ (1) 2,130, 000. 00 tanooga, Tenn. (1) ow Watts Bar____---------- 529. 9 37.9 miles below Kingston, Tenn.............. 110 600 10 673 683 --.... do............ (1) (1) 2,130, 000. 00 White Creek Island_...... 543. 9 23.9 miles below Kingston, Tenn-.... 110 600 10 683 693 --.....do...---------........ (1) 2,130, 000.00 Half Moon Island........ 550. 6 17.2 miles below Kingston, Tenn-.... 562. 9 4.9 miles below Kingston, Tenn...........___ -- 110 600 10 693 703 ..... do............ (1) (1) 2, 070,000.00 Caney Creek Island_-_.. 110 600 10 703 713 ..... do............ (1) (1) 2,070,000.00 Seven Island Shoals_...... 575. 1 7.3 miles above Kingston, Tenn-............. 110 600 10 713 723 (1) (1) 2,070, 000. 00 St4etwater Island........ 584. 3 7,2 miles below Loudon, Tenn ............- 110 600 10 723 733 ..... do............ (1) (1) 2,070,000.00 Rock Quarry Bar_ ____.. 594.3 2.8 miles above Loudon, Tenn......_ . ------. 110 600 10 733 743 ..... do--.... (1) (1) 2,070, 000.00 Sister Island Shoals....__. 604. 6 13.1 miles abeve Loudon, T nn-. _ .......-[ 110 600 10 743 753- .... do....------------- (1) (1) 2,070, 000. 00 Coulter Shoals.....---------- 608.6 17.1 miles,bove Loudon, TPn ....- ... - 110 600 10 753 763 ..... do....------------ (1) (1) 2, 070, 00 00 RogersI sland ____- .-- .... 618.1 26.9 miles below Knoxville, e ------------- ...... 110 600 10 763 773 .... do.... . (1) (1) 2,040,000.00 Georges Branch.......... 630. 6 14.4 miles below Knoxville, Teni .__ ... ____ 110 600 10 773 783 ..... do........-... (1) (1) 2,040,000. 00 Little River Shoals....... 634.9 10.1 miles below Knoxville, Tei.....------------ 110 600 10 783 793 ... _do---. --- - (1) (1) 1,960,000.00 Williams Island ___........ 638. 6 6.4 miles below Knoxville, Ten__... ________ 110 600 10 793 803 - do..-...--. (1) (1) 1,960, 000. 00 1Proposed dam, no work performed; estimated cost. 2 Will submerge h existing Riv.erton locklr nf Colbehrt Shoals Canal a Actual cost. 4 Flight of 2 locks, authorized under section 124, national defense act of June 3, 1916 (H. Doc. No. 1262, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). 5 Will submerge existing locks Nos. 1 and 2 of Muscle Shoals Canal. z * Existing Lock B (Elk Shoals Canal) to be reconstructed to provide 9-foot depth. Estimated cost shown is for reconstruction. Present Lock A will be drowned out. t Existing dam will be reconstructed to provide 9 feet depth and size of lock increased. Estimated cost shown is for reconstruction. to 1O Present elevation of dam (626.2) is increased 3 feet at present by flashboards. Modification to provide 9 feet instead of 6 feet depth will be required. o Actual cost to United States of existing lock; cost to power company was about $6,686,700. 0 H H O O Q 0 I 1290 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, IT. S. ARMY, 1930 The extreme fluctuation in the stage of the river varies from about 49 to 55 feet below Riverton; from 30 to 53.4 feet between Riverton and Colbert Shoals; from 30 to 33 feet between Colbert Shoals and Florence; from 11 to 33 feet between Florence and' Browns Island; from 30 to 48 feet between Browns Island and Hales Bar; from 21 to 54 feet between Hales Bar and Chattanooga; from 43.4 to 48 feet above Chattanooga. The estimated cost, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, is $74,709,000 for new work, and $40,000 annually for the maintenance and operation of each lock and dam. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 328, 71st Cong., 2d sess.), which author- ized the appropriation of $5,000,000 for the prosecution of work on this project. The latest published maps are in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-An act of Congress of April 26, 1904 (as amended by an act dated January 7, 1905), authorized the construc- tion by private interests of the Hales Bar Lock and Dam, the power company doing the work being granted the use of the water power produced by the dam for a period of 99 years. The terms of the act require that this company purchase and deed to the United States, free of cost and within 12 months after its passage, all lands necessary to the successful construction and operation of the lock and dam, including flowage rights and rights of way to and from public highways; that the lock and dam be constructed and given to the United States complete and free of cost, except that the United States should prepare the plans, supervise the construction, and provide the lock gates and ironwork and machinery necessary to operate the lock when completed, at its own expense, and that the plans for the work be approved by the Secretary of War. The act further requires that the contracting company shall furnish the necessary electric current while its power plant is in operation to move the gates and operate the lock and to light the United States buildings and grounds free of cost to the United States; and that nothing shall be done in the use of the water from the dam or other- wise that shall interfere in any way with navigation. All the conditions imposed by the act have been complied with by the power company except the transfer of flowage rights incident to the construction of the dam. The department has held that such rights of flowage may be acquired and conveyed in the form of an easement or servitude on the land affected by the work, and it is understood that suits are pending between the power company and landowners covering flowage rights. The construction work of the power company has been completed and the lock put in operation, but several leaks under the dam have developed and final acceptance of the lock and dam by the United States is being delayed until the result of the company's efforts to stop them has been determined. The cost to the power company was approximately $6,686,700, not including the power-house super- structure, the hydraulic installation, the 'electric installation, or-the transmission lines. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, requires no local coop- eration in the construction of the alternate system of low dams. It RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT 1291 does, however, provide that in case high dams are built before the United States shall have built the projected locks and low dams which are to be replaced, the United States shall contribute to the cost of the substituted structures an amount equal to the estimated cost of the works of navigation for which substitution is made. Ter inal facilities.-A full and complete report of terminals along the Tennessee River in 1918 is contained in House Document No. 652, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session. Additional data is .also con- tained in Transportation Series No. 2, 1929, Transportation in the Mississippi and Ohio Valleys. Modern river terminals, municipally owned, have been constructed at Chattanooga, Tenn., but the other public terminals are mostly unimproved landings. There are many unimproved private landings, most of which are open to public use without charge. Some of these have warehouses or sheds where the owners receive and care for freight at reasonable charges. There are also various river-rail transfers constructed by the railroads for interchange of freight which terminals are generally open to the public without charge on shipments moving over the respective railroad owning same. The existing commerce is generally being handled at great disad- vantage due to lack of more suitable wharves, transfer facilities, and warehouses, and this condition undoubtedly discourages the trans- portation of freight by river. Effect of imnprovement.-The work done under previous projects has lengthened the navigation season for 6-foot draft by about four ,months in the reach below Riverton, Ala. Local movements of sand, gravel, and various other products have been facilitated in the pools created by existing dams and canals and by the improvement of some of the worst localities in the middle and upper sections of the river, but owing to the lack of dependable depths at various shoals within those sections, through navigation is not practicable during the entire year. No considerable increase in commerce, except for local movements, is expected until the 9-foot project, as provided in the act of July 3, 1930, is developed. Until this project is developed, no great increase in through traffic will be practicable. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Above Chattanooga: Improvement of the channel at McNutt Shoals (about 2.5 miles above Knoxville) was completed, and clearing of the improved section of the channel between Knoxville and Chattanooga of all snags, blowlders, accumulated gravel bars, overhanging trees, and other ob- structions, which had become a menace to navigation, was carried on by Government plant and hired labor. This work involved the removal of 200 tons of drift and 48 tons of loose rock, cutting of 1,740 overhanging trees, and removal of 5,720 cubic yards gravel. The cost of the work was $44,675.45, all for maintenance. The ex- penditures were $46,450.54. Chattanooga to Hales Bar: The removal of stumps, snags, and trees along the edgeway of the Hales Bar Dam pool that were a men- ace to navigation and an obstruction to flood flow was completed; 15 tons of drift being removed from the channel and 7,069 stumps, snags, and trees cut, placed on the river banks, and burned. The cost was ,$50,996.05, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $37,310.07. 1292 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Hales Bar to Browns Island: Settlement of claims for flowage damages to land as a result of the construction of Widows Bar Dam was continued throughout the year, 14 cases being closed by payment of $10,053.71, making a total of 18 cases completed at a cost of $13,201.95 for easements of flowage. Two cases in which petitions were filed for $19,500 and 18 cases in which petitions were filed for $127,775 were tried in Federal courts, but have not yet been decided. No new work on the existing channel was undertaken. The cost was $15,110.78, all for new work. The expenditures were $16,374.83. Browns Island to Riverton: The existing channel was maintained by dredging, removing snags, and cutting overhanging timber by Government plant and hired labor. Twenty-three thousand five hun- dred and twenty-five cubic yards of sand, gravel, and silt were dredged, at a cost of $4,382.06. A dike, containing 7,258 cubic yards of rock, from Tick Island to right bank of the river was completed (3,400 linear feet) at a total cost of $29,983.74 to provide a 3-foot low-water channel over Nances Reef. The north portion of the old existing dike at Nances Reef, which constituted an obstruction to navigation, was removed (1,895 cubic yards). The new towboat Tennessee was completed under contract at a cost of $155,000. The costs for the year were $30,691.84, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $166,854.52. Below Riverton: Under new work, dredging by Government plant and hired labor was completed at Kelly Island and Big Sandy River and brought to 60 per cent completion at Panther Creek and Turkey Island; 67,650 cubic yards of gravel being removed. Rock dikes at Beach Creek Island and Petticoat Riffle were brought to 100 per cent completion and at Indian Creek Shoals to 35 per cent completion; 17,189 tons of stone being used. Gravel dikes were constructed at Petticoat Riffle and at Indian Creek Shoals were brought to about 65 per cent completion; 18,340 cubic yards of gravel being utilized. Maintenance dredging was carried on at Cedar Creek Shoals, Beach River Shoals, Johnsonville bridge, Reynoldsberg Island, Green Bot- tom Bar, and Big Sandy Island, 140,850 cubic yards of gravel being removed. The dredge Kentucky was reconstructed during the year at a cost of $65,245.13. The total cost for this section was $108,478.93, of which $56,100.85 was for new work and $52,378.08 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $164,434.57. The total cost on the entire river during the year was $249,953.05, of which $71,211.63 was for new work and $178,741.42 for mainte- nance. The total expenditures were $431,424.53. These costs and expenditures apply to work under previous projects. Condition at end of fiscal year (previous projects).--Above Chat- tanooga: Surveys and borings had been made and suitable site found for Caney Creek Lock and Dam but the necessary lands had not been purchased and no construction work had been done. The open- channel work was about 58 per cent completed. The, minimum available depth in the section above Chattanooga was about 1 foot at extreme low water. The river is usually navigable for 2-foot draft from December 15 to August 1, and for 3-foot draft from Jan- uary 1 to June 1. Draft of 4 feet and over is occasionally prac- ticable for short disconnected periods during high-water months, from January to April, inclusive. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT 1293 Chattanooga to Hales Bar Lock and Dam: The lock and dam were completed and placed in operation November 1, 1913, and provide 6-foot low-water navigation up to Chattanooga, Tenn. (33 miles). Hales Bar to Browns Island: Widows Bar Lock and Dam has been in operation since 1925. No work has been done nor is any con- templated on Bellefonte Island Dam. No open-channel work has been done below Bellefonte Island. Existing project is 21 per cent completed. The minimum available depth between Hales Bar Dam and Widows Bar Dam is 4.5 feet. The limiting depth between Widows Bar Dam and the head of Browns Island is about 0.8 foot at extreme low water, but the river is usually navigable for 1/4-foot draft throughout the year; for 2-foot draft from December 15 to September 1; for 3-foot draft from January 1 to July 1; and for 4-foot draft from January 1 to May 15. Drafts of 5 and 6 feet are practicable at disconnected intervals during the months of January to April, inclusive. Browns Island to Riverton : The construction of Dam No. 2 (Wil- son Dam), 2.7 miles above the railroad bridge at Florence, Ala., submerged Locks Nos. 3 to 9, inclusive, of the Muscle Shoals Canal, and provided a depth of 9 feet for a distance of 14.7 miles. Between the Elk River and Muscle Shoals Canal the minimum available depth is 1 foot. Between Wilson Dam and Florence, 7 feet; be- tween Florence and Colbert Shoals, 4 feet; through Colbert Shoals Canal, 7 feet; over the miter sill at Riverton Lock, 6.3 feet; and over Colbert and Bee Tree Shoals, 1 foot. Dam No. 2 to Florence bridge, Ala. (Dam No. 1): The project is considered completed, at a saving of $610,784.75 under the estimated cost. The present limiting depth between Dam No. 1 and Dam No. 2 is 7 feet, which is ample for existing and reasonably prospective com- merce. This depth may be increased to 9.5 when needs of navigation require it. Below Riverton: The project is 90 per cent completed. Additional dredging was necessary in Riverton cut, Big Bend Shoals, and Dil- days Bar. The navigable depth of 4.5 feet, available when the John- sonville gage reads zero and the lower gage at Riverton Lock reads 7 feet, is ordinarily available throughout the year. From Decem- ber 15 to August 15, 6-foot navigable depth or greater is available. No work has been done on the 9-foot project authorized by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930. Proposed operitions.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, $395,846.35, will be applied to the following work: Maintenance of existing improvements by marking navigable chan- nel, repair of dikes, and removal of accumulated deposits and improvement of worst shoals with a view to securing a 2-foot through navigation from Knoxville to Chattanooga----------- $40,236.24 Maintenance of channel by removal of snags, stumps, trees, etc., in Hales Bar pool, and maintenance dredging in vicinity of Chat- tanooga, Tenn__ -------------------- --------------------- 18,142.39 Settlement of claims for flowage damages resulting from construc- tion of Widows Bar Dam, marking channel lines, and providing navigable channel 150 feet wide and 3 feet deep at extreme low water in reach of river between Guntersville and head of Dam No. 2 pool ---------------------------------------- 158, 976.76 1294 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. 1930 Removing snags, overhanging timber, sand and gravel in section from Browns Island to head of Colbert Shoals Canal, and in repair of existing dikes------- $19, 000.00 Apply on contract for new towboat---------------- 11, 447. 07 $30, 447. 07 Channel improvement and maintenance by dredging and construc- tion of dikes below Riverton, Ala--------------------------148, 043. 89 395, 846.35 It is expected that the above funds will be entirely expended by June 30, 1931. The additional sum of $180,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 in maintenance work under previous projects, as follows: Maintaining improved channel between Knoxville and Chattanooga by removal of accumulated gravel bars, bowlders, snags, overhanging trees, and other surface obstructions-----------------------___ $55, 000 Maintaining present channel depth between Hales Bar and Riverton by removal of accumulated sand and gravel bars; repair of dikes, and removal of snags and other obstructions in uncanalized reaches of the section between Browns Island and Riverton_- ---- __---- -__ 20, 000 Maintaining channel below Riverton by dredging-__ 000 1-----------105, 180, 000 The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project for a 9-foot channel from the mouth of the Tennessee River to Knoxville, Tenn., authorized by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930. Commercial statistics.-The total tonnage for the Tennessee River during the calendar year 1929 decreased 83,652 tons, or approxi- mately 3.5 per cent below that of the preceding year. This decrease was due to a decrease of 119,087 tons in sand and gravel traffic, from 1,890,487 tons to 1,772,390 tons. Omitting this commodity an in- crease of 35,435 tons is shown for the calendar year 1929. This increase was mainly in the items of cement, which increased from 103 tons in 1928 to 6,765 tons in 1929; coal, from 9,091 tons to 26,448 tons; and oil and gasoline from 777 tons to 10,261 tons. Packet freight increased from 111,917 to 123,531 tons whereas rafted timber decreased from 53,222 tons to 22,517 tons. Sand and gravel consti- tuted 81 per cent of the total tonnage; lumber and logs (boated) 7.9 per cent; (rafted) 1.03 per cent; iron and steel, 2.74 per cent; coal, 1.21 per cent; oil and gasoline, 0.47 per cent; and packet freight, 5.65 per cent. The following table gives the comparative statement of traffic on this river during the last five years: Comparative statement TRAFFIC THROUGH LOCKS AND OPEN RIVER Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers 1925........ 1,968,226 $13, 708,351 28, 081 1928........ 2, 269,192 $14, 07, 538 21, 795 - 1926.... 2, 042, 975 16, 748, 541 29, 530 2,185, 540 1929-........ 15, 058, 526 5,308 1927 -. 2, 291,519 18, 922, 423 31, 115 -- , RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT 1295 'ost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ _---__- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------- ___ ___-- ____-- $13, 967, 842. 32 ___--1, 086, 987. 11 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ----- 15, 054, 829. 43 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---------- 614, 271.09 Net total cost to June 30, 1930___ Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930--____________------ _____115, ____ 669, 100.52 39, 873. 83 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930____---- 15, 708, 974. 35 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_ ............ ___ _____ 23, 572.54 Net total expenditures_____________ ______________ 15, 685, 401. 81 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930__-- - __ __- -__ -____- -395, 846. 35 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-----------16, 081, 248. 16 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---- ------------------------ $36, 539. 49 $82, 183. 24 $68, 196. 20 $71, 211.63 Cost of maintenance------------------ $111, 240.94 57, 387. 00 142, 962. 99 160, 699.85 178, 741. 42 Total cost...----------------------.. 111, 240. 94 93, 926. 49 225, 146. 23 228, 896. 05 249, 953. 05 Total expended---- ------------------ 938, 887. 46 188, 158.77 243, 776. 21 362, 089. 94 431, 424. 53 Allotted ___.----------------------------- 88, 000. 00 205, 500. 00 187, 916. 07 408, 064. 64 402, 800.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 _ ___-___ __ $424, 470.88 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved May 28, 1930- -- ___----____- $306,000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved June 7, 1924 - -_____--___-- 6, 800.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved Feb. 28, 1929___ ___ 115,000.00 427, 800. 00 Amount to be accounted for---------------- 852,270. 88 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment--------------- 25,000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for__ __------------827, 270. 88 Gross amount expended----- ----------------- 434,039.30 Less receipts from sales__---------------_ 2, 614. 77 431,424.53 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 __ __-____-__- _ 395, 846.35 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------- 35, 704.56 Balance available June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 360, 141. 79 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930---------------------------- 39, 873.83 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 ------------- 400, 015.62 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 12 ------- ----- __ 5, 000, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 for maintenance 1_ _____________--------- _ 180,000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 2 Estimated cost to complete 9-foot project, $74,709,000. Expenditures limited by law to $5,000,000. 11714--ENG 1930---82 1296 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 2. OPERATING AND CARE OF CANALS, LOCKS AND DAMS ON TENNESSEE RIVER The above forms part of the project for the Tennessee River. See pages 1282 to 1295 where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The work carried on is the operation and maintenance of the fol- lowing canals, locks and dams which have been operated and main- tained under the permanent indefinite appropriation, since the dates stated below: Hales Bar, Lock and Dam, November 1, 1913; Widows Bar, Lock and Dam, October 1,1925; Muscle Shoals Canal, 1890; Lock and Dam No. 2 (Wilson Dam), June, 1927; Dam No. 1, March 1, 1926; Colbert Shoals Canal, November, 1911. Operations and results cdring fiscal year.-The locks were oper- ated, and lock buildings, ground and floating plant cared for and maintained by hired labor. At Hales Bar Lock, minor repairs and betterments were made to the retaining walls and Government road connecting the county highway. At Windows Bar Lock the lock gates were spot painted and the lock-gate machinery cleaned and oiled. The banks of the river below the lock and dam were cross sectioned for a distance of 1,800 feet to determine the extent of erosion. At Muscle Shoals Canal the gates at Lock No. 1 were removed, sand blasted, repaired, and repainted. Dredging was carried on in the Muscle Shoals Canal between Locks No. 1 and No. 2 and above Lock No. 1, and in the channel between Dam No. 1 and Dam No. 2. At Dam No. 2, Wilson Dam, grounds were improved, drains were installed in floating gates, air lines were installed to clean inter- mediate gate seals, and operating mechanism of roadway guard gates was changed. The needle gates, handrails, part of the middle miter gates, and top of service floating gate were painted. At Colbert Shoals Canal, sections of the canal were dredged, and embankment riprapped. The lock gates were removed, sand blasted, repaired, and painted. The total costs for the fiscal year were $82,001.36; the total expend- itures were $80,296.27. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Structures were all in good condi- tion. Considerable dredging is required in the Muscle Shoals Canal. The Colbert Shoals Canal requires considerable work on bank pro- tection, ditching, and dredging. The total amount expended from the permanent indefinite appropriation for operation and care was $2,492,183.74. ProposeAdoperations.-Thelocks and dams will be operated under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-See reports for improvement of the Ten- nessee River, page 1282. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT 1297 Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ $2, 490, 037. 84 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930-_-------- 8, 565. 42 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 2, 498, 603. 26 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930-_____------__------- 233. 62 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930- - .________----- 2, 498, 836. 88 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------- 6, 653. 14 Net total expenditures---------------------------- 2, 492, 183. 74 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_-- -____-__ -------------- 8, 068. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 2, 500, 251. 74 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------.......... -----.--.--..-...........----------------- Cost of maintenance----- -------------------------------------- $82,001.36 Total expended--------------------------------- 80,296.27 Allotted- - - ............ - 79, 123. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------------$9, 241. 27 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, March 3, 1909-- --------------------- 79, 123. 00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------------- 88, 364. 27 Gross amount expended_ -- -- - - 80, 296. 27 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 8, 068. 00 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ---- __ _______-------- 7, 675. 18 Balance available June 30, 1930_-- ______________- - 392. 82 Accunts receivable June 30, 1930 --------- ______________-___ 233. 62 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930____---------___ __ 626. 44 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931 _ -___-____-_______________ 90, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931----------------------- 90, 626. 44 3. TENNESSEE RIVER, DAM NO. 2, MUSCLE SHOALS, ALA. Location and description.- See corresponding paragraph under " 1. Improvement of Tennessee River," page 1282. The section of river covered by this report known as the Muscle Shoals section flows in a westerly direction through the northern part of Alabama from the head of Browns Island (171 miles below Chattanooga, Tenn.) to Florence, Ala. (256.5 miles above the mouth of the river), a distance of 36.6 miles. The drainage area above Florence is 30,514 square miles. The discharge at Florence varies from about 8,000 second-feet at extreme low water to about 450,000 second-feet at extreme high-water. At places in the Muscle Shoals, which cover the greater part of this section, the current is rapid, exceeding 10 miles per hour, and the slope is as great as 15 feet per mile. The fall in the entire section is 134 feet, and the width be- tween banks varies from 1,000 to 9,600 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey topographical map of Muscle Shoals and Rogersville, Ala., quadrangles.) 1298 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Original condition.-This consisted of a series of rock shoals, with steep slopes, swift currents, and low-water depths as small as 6 inches, separated by pools of greater depths and slight slopes. The shoals were a complete barrier to upstream navigation at all times and to downstream traffic except at high stages and at great hazard. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of two locks, a dam, and a power house 2.7 miles above the railroad bridge at Florence, Ala., securing a least depth of 9.5 feet at extreme low water for a distance of 14.7 miles, and for the generation of electrical power for the production of nitrates or other products needed for munitions of war and useful in the manufacture of fertilizers and other useful products. The pool above the dam will submerge Muscle Shoals Canal Locks Nos. 3 to 9, inclusive, constructed under a former project. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1923, is $45,800,000 for completion of locks, dam, power house, and the installation of eight main units of a total capacity of 230,000 kilovolt-amperes. In 1925, $2,000,000 was added to this estimate for the purchase of transformers, the construction of high-tension switch yards, a utility building, etc., making the total estimated cost $47,800,000. Preliminary studies of plans, etc., were begun in the fiscal year 1918. Preliminary work, such as the construction of camp, roads, railroads, and coffer works, together with the purchase of equipment and supplies, was begun in the summer of 1918 and was well under way when work was suspended by order of the, War Industries Board on August 21, 1918, and was not resumed until November 9, 1918. It was not until the beginning of the spring of 1919 that a sufficient force could be gotten together to resume operations satis- factorily. Construction operations on the lock and dam and power house were continued at full speed until about April 15, 1921, when, due to shortage of funds, work was gradually shut down and on June 30, 1921, it was practically on a maintenance basis. onstruc- tion operations on a small scale were resumed on July 15 1922, with the balance of the funds allotted from the national defense act of June 3, 1916. Under date of August 26, 1922, an allotment of $600,- 000 was made by the President from the balance of the funds pro- vided by the national defense act, which enabled the work to be pushed more vigorously, and on October 1, 1922, when the funds appropriated by the act of June 30, 1922, became available, work was fully resumed. The following data relate to the new locks and the dam, similar data for the old locks being given on pages 1219, 1221, and 1222 of the Annual Report for 1917: Designation: Wilson Dam (No. 2). Location: 2.7 miles above Florence, Ala., and 259.2 miles above the mouth of the river. Length of locks available for full width: 300 feet. Width: 60 feet. Total lift of locks: 89 feet above lower pool, or about 96 feet above extreme low water in the, open river. Depth on miter sills: 9.5 feet on lower sill below normal pool of Dam No. 1. Depth on intermediate sill, 9 feet; depth on upper sill, 12 feet below normal pool of Dam No. 2. " RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT 1299 Character of foundation: Limestone (Lauderdale chert). Kind of dam: Fixed, with movable crest gates 18 feet high. Type of construction: Concrete. Percentage of completion: 100. The ordinary and extreme fluctuations in the river are about 11 feet and about 31 feet, respectively. The existing project for the Wilson Dam (No. 2) and appurte- nances was adopted by letter of the President, dated February 23, 1918, under authority of section 124 of the national defense act of June 3, 1916 (plans of the Wilson Dam (No. 2), and appurtenances in H. Doc. No. 1262, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). For map see House Document No. 1262, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation. None required by the terms of the appropria- tions. The counties of Lauderdale, Colbert, and Lawrence, Ala., have agreed to bear the cost of required changes in roads and bridges. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The locks at Dam No. 2 have not been in operation a sufficient length of time to show the extent of the traffic that will make use of them. The principal packet boats and towboats now operate up to Dam No. 2, except when prevented by extreme low water below Florence. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Minor construction operations- were continued throughout the fiscal year on the lock, dam, power house, and camp. In the absence of other facilities, river and lock allotments employed the facilities of this project for the performing of necessary repair and depot work. The total costs for the year amounted to $18,537.65 for new work. Net expenditures were $22,039.34. All operations were carried on by hired labor and Government plant. The following work was accomplished during the year: Roads, grounds, residences, and semipermanent office and work buildings were maintained and repaired as necessary. Electrical circuits and equip- ment were maintained and repaired. The interiors of 16 permanent residences and exteriors of 5 permanent residences were painted. Inventory, repair, storage, and disposal of surplus plant and material was continued. Plant and material in the amount of $27,855.85 was sold. Nine hundred and fifty-two purchase orders, representing encumbrances of $60,907.72 were issued. Draw- ings were completed showing all Government property under jurisdiction of the Florence suboffice. An exchange of land on the south reservation was effected whereby the Government exchanged without monetary consideration a tract of land which was no longer required for a tract that will be of serv- ice. A total of 1,771 linear feet of concrete curb and gutter was poured along roadways in the Cedar Hill residential section of the camp. A wire cable guard fence was placed along a portion of roadway in this section. At the dormitory a new smokestack for the heating plant was farbricated and erected and the smokestack foundation was repaired. Repairs were made to the dormitory heating plant and hot-water system. A small combination guard and fire-fighting force was maintained. General drafting, reproduc- tion of drawings, and keeping of gage and power records was carried on. In the oil circuit breaker buildings alterations were made to the reactor cell compartment doors and the doors were replaced. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project as a whole is more than 99 per cent complete. No further work is required under the existing, project on the power house, lock, and dam sections. Minor improvements to grounds remain to be done. The -reservaftion is 1300 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, UT. S. ARMY 1930 not yet fenced. Considerable surplus plant and material remain for disposal. Repair and depot facilities for river activities which were flooded out by this project at Lock No. 6, Muscle Shoals Canal, have been replaced and are required for proper maintenance of float- ing plant and should be installed and located at Wilson Dam. Some temporary tracks remain to be removed. The sales of surplus plant and material during the fiscal year amounted to $271855.85. The total csts of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $46,523,469.13 for new work and $359,592.52 for maintenance- a total of $46,883,061.65. The expenditures under the existing project were $46,931,772.93. Proposed operations.-Withthe unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ($805,271.34), it is proposed to improve such temporary buildings as are required for semipermanent use, to complete the improve- ment of roads and grounds, to remove all remaining temporary structures and tracks, and to dispose of surplus plant and material. The above operations will be carried on throughout the fiscal year. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, the available funds being sufficient for completion of the project as authorized. Co we al statistics.-The usual draft of loaded boats handling all classes of traffic in this section of the river varies from 1 to 6 feef. The tonnage for the calendar year 1929 amounted to 4,648 short tons, valued at $71,500. The commerce consisted of telephone poles, crossties, coal, lumber, machinery, sand, and gravel. The following table gives a comparative statement of traffic for the calendar years indicated: Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1927 1-----------------....................... ------------------------------------ 3, 719 $23, 537 208 1928-----------------------................................--------------------------- -- 4, 504 26, 274 1929 .......--------------------------- ------------------ -------- 4, 648 71, 500 .. 1 Traffic for 7 months. The increase in tonnage is slight. However, there is a marked in- crease of value due.principally to:increased shipments of machinery. Cost and financial sum'mary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------$46, 523, 469. 13 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ __----------------------- 359, 592. 52 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------ --- 46, 883, 061. 65 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ---------- 37, 955.93 Net total cost to June 30, 1930---------------------___ 46, 921, 017. 58 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930- _____________ 15, 769. 88 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930_----------- - ---- 46, 936, 787. 46 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930----------- --- ------ 5, 014.53 Net total expenditures--_,_- - ----- - 46, 931, 772.93 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 05, 271. 34 Total amount appropriated to June 30. 1930. * 47. 737. 044. 27 RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT 1301 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work__------------$- -$3, 690, 726. 70 $2, 690,195. 11 $428,055. 00 $150, 560. 33 1 $18, 537. 65 Cost of maintenance ....................-----...-------------.....----------------------------.......---- ............------------- Total expended --------------.-. 3, 690, 726. 70 2, 690,195. 11 473, 797.37 99, 272. 52 22, 039. 34 Allotted -------------------- 2, 000, 000. 00 ---- -------- - -22, 700. 03 ----------- 1 Loss on destroyed launch Oneont of $119.67 charged to previous costs and is not included in current year's cost. Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------ $827, 310. 68 Gross amount expended--- 895. 19 $----------------------49, Less receipts from sales---------- --------------- 27, 855. 85 22, 039. 34 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--- ----------------- 805, 271.34 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-------------------------- 10, 222. 43 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------------- 795, 048. 91 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------------ 15, 769. 88 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930-------------- 810, 818. 79 4. OPERATION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF DAM NO. 2, TENNES- SEE RIVER, INCLUDING THE HYDROELECTRICAL DEVELOPMENT The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for improvement of the Tennessee River, Browns Island to Riverton. (See p. 1282 of this report, where gen- eral information regarding the improvement can be found.) The dam and hydroelectrical development have been operated and main- tained since April 1, 1926, under appropriations provided by Congress. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The hydroelectrical development has been operated and maintained throughout the year, furnishing all energy used for camp and works at Dam No. 2 and delivering energy to the Alabama Power Co. under existing agree- ment as required. A 50,000-kilowatt transmission line was built by the Southern Tennessee Electric Co., with a high crossing over the pool above Dam No. 2, connecting Nashville, Tenn., to the 154 kilovolt transformers at Wilson Dam, where they receive power on the Ala- bama Power Co. account. This line was placed in operation on March 21, 1930. Delivery of power direct to the Alabama Power Co. continued through Government-owned transformer stations and over Government transmission lines to the United States nitrate plant No. 2. The plant for sand blasting and painting head gates and spillway gates was completed. Removal, cleaning, and coating of spillway gates was continued. Painting of spillway-gate machin- ery, hand rails, etc., was begun. A new hull was constructed for the gasoline motor boat Drifter and a barge was equipped with a power pump for use on malaria-control work. Malaria-control work in cooperation with the State authorities was carried on dur- ing the mosquito-breeding season. Repairs to the roadway over the dam were completed. Abundant rainfall on the watershed of southeastern power compa- nies resulted in small demand for Wilson Dam power except in Au- 1302 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 gust, September, and October, of 1929, and in April, May, and June, of 1930, when there was insufficient precipitation. The maximum 30- minute station peak during the year was 145,092 kilowatts and the maximum 24-hour generation was 3,299,700 kilowatt-hours. The minimum power available was 80,200 kilowatts for the average flow of the stream on September 11, 1929. Net expenditures during the year for operation, maintenance, and repair amounted to $232,460.57. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project of eight hydroelectric units with a combined rating of 230,000-kilovolt am- peres and 4 step-up transformer banks with a combined rating of 260,000-kilovolt amperes (all that were to be installed at this time) is completed and operating satisfactorily as energy is required. The output, except that required for camp and works at Dam No. 2, is sold to the Alabama Power Co. under the existing agreement. Following is a statement of the output, with its disposition and revenue received during the fiscal year: Power used by United States Energy Total Dam No. 2, delivered to Revenue generated Hydro- construe- U.S.N.P Alabama electric tion, navi- No. 2 Total Power Co. gationlocks and camp 1929 Kilowatt- Kilowatt- Kilowatt- Kilowatt- Kilowatt- Kilowatt- hours hours hours hours hours hours July ------ - 5, 370, 500 233, 990 61, 510 53, 305 348, 805 5, 021,695 $10, 043. 39 August -... .--- 38, 915, 400 426, 794 48, 606 52, 429 527, 829 38, 387, 571 76, 775. 14 ,September -. - 40, 560, 500 398, 713 51, 787 53, 543 504, 043 40, 056, 457 80, 112. 91 October------ --- 32, 106, 200 523, 179 75, 021 62, 429 660, 629 31, 445, 571 62, 891. 14 November 10, 287, 600 .-..... 500, 782 95, 818 53, 630 650, 230 9, 637, 370 19, 274. 74 December .-----. 6, 150, 100 588, 708 146, 392 70, 576 805, 676 5, 344, 424 10, 688. 85 1930 .January- .. ___ 4, 741,700 613, 386 125, 314 71, 907 810, 607 3, 931,093 7, 862. 19 February - _ 4, 206, 800 446, 976 125, 824 59, 923 632, 723 3, 574,077 7, 148. 15 March ..-..... 5, 694, 900 514, 310 139, 590 65, 761 719,661 4,975,239 9, 950. 48 April----------- 9, 740, 600. 370, 232 93,36 56,,46 520,1056 9, 220,644 18,441.09 May- -... -- 25, 581,900 363,0960 68, 940 56, 938 489,838 25;1i92060 50%1R12 June----------- .... 55, 032,000 392, 550 66, 450 65, 275 514, 275 54, 517, 725 109,035. 45 Total- _..-238, 388, 200 5,373, 580 1,098, 620 712, 172 7, 184, 372 82' 231,203, 1 462, 407. 65 1 By agreement with Alabama Power Co. that $500,000 would be paid for calendar year 1929, the Alabama Power Co. paid the difference to the Treasurer of the United States. This difference amounted to $169,725.65. The total expenditures from the appropriation for maintenance, operation, and repair from April 1, 1926, to June 30, 1930, amounted to $985,886.93. The total revenue has amounted to $3,271,739.35. Proposed operations.-With the unexpended balance, and pending final disposition of Congress, the works at Dam No. 2, including the hydroelectrical development, will be operated and maintained. In the absence of congressional action and barring serious accident to machinery and equipment, the additional sum of $260,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT 1303 Coat and ftlancial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930___ ------------------------ $890, 673.15 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930_------- 115, 901.35 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_________--__---------------- 1, 006,574. 50 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 - ---------------------- 329. 61 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930-- 1, 006, 904. 11 ---------------------- Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930___ 21, 017. 18 Net total expenditures_ - ------------------------ 985, 886. 93 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------- 387, 081.39 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------. 1, 372, 968. 32 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..... ....-------------- - - - - -- Cost of maintenance---- ... ....--------.... ------------.$205, 101. 53 $182, 450. 84 ------------ $208, 437. 81 Total expended - - - - -- -- -- - - - - $53, 708. 21 $229,739.24 238, 820.18 231, 158. 73 232, 460. 57 Allotted .- - -- ... .- .. ... 299, 445. 60 300,000. 00 275, 000. 00 270, 000. 00 228, 522. 72 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ---- ____________________ __ $391, 019.24 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------- ------------------------------ 260, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for_-----------------------------651, 019. 24 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment---------------- 31, 477. 28 Net amount to be accounted for--------------------------619, 541. 96 Gross amount expended ---------------------------------------- 232, 460. 57 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------ 387, 081. 39 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-----------------------------29,021.89 Balance available June 30, 1930-------_-_____ -________358, 059. 50 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 329. 61 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 _________---358, 389. 11 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1__________________________________ 260, 000. 00 5. FIRNH BROAD AND LITTLE =PIGEON RIVE RS, TENN. Location and description.-The French Broad River is formed by the junction of its North and West Forks about 15 miles above Bre- vard, N. C., and about 204 miles above the mouth, and unites with the Holston River to form the Tennessee, about 41/2 miles above Knoxville. Its general direction of flow is slightly northeast from the head to Asheville, N. C., northwest from Asheville to the Tennes- see-North Carolina State line, and west from this point to the mouth. Between Leadvale and Asheville the river is torrential, the average fall being 13.4 feet per mile. Below Leadvale the current is mod- erate except at some of the shoals, the average fall being 2.3 feet per mile. At mean low water the river below Leadvale has an average width of about 600 feet and a discharge of about 1,700 second-feet. The discharge at extreme high water is estimated at about 150,000 second-feet. The drainage basin has an area of 5,136 square miles. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1304 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The Little Pigeon River is formed by the junction of its East and South Forks at Sevierville, Tenn., and flows in a northerly direction for about 5 miles, emptying into the French Broad about 281/2 miles above its mouth. The project provides for the removal of the bar at the mouth. At mean low water the Little Pigeon has an average width of 175 feet and an average slope per mile of 8.3 feet for the upper 3.2 miles and only about 1.6 feet for the lower 1.8 miles. The drainage area is 373 square miles, and the extreme low-water dis- charge at the mouth is estimated at about 200 cubic feet per second, the high-water discharge being unknown. (See United States post- route map of Kentucky and Tennessee.) Original condition.-The French Broad was obstructed by rock reefs, sand and gravel bars, and by bowlders, snags, and overhanging trees, and numerous islands in the river divided the water and dimin- ished the depth in the navigable channels. Leadvale, Tenn., 69 miles above the mouth, was the head of steamboat navigation, and it is not believed that rafting or logging was practicable to any great extent above this point because of the torrential character of the stream. At mean low water the river below Leadvale had a mini- mum available depth of about 1 foot. The Little Pigeon was ob- structed by a bar at its mouth. The head of navigation was the "warehouse," about 1 mile above the mouth and near Catlettsburg, Tenn. The low-water channel depth over the shoal was less than 6 inches. Previous projects,-Previous projects for the improvement of the French Broad River in North Carolina between Brevard and Ashe- ville were adopted by the river and harbor acts of August 14, 1876, and August 2, 1882. The cost and expenditures on these projects prior to their abandonment in 1885 were $43,000, all of which was for new work. There has been no previous project for the French Broad in Tennessee. For further details of .previous projects see page 1906 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for securing by dredging, by contraction works, and by the removal of surface obstructions a chan- nel 21/ feet deep during the low-water season from Leadvale to the mouth (691/2 miles) and for the removal of the bar at the mouth of the Little Pigeon River. The proposed width of boat channel was not specified in the project, but plans for improvement in recent years have contemplated securing a width of from about 65 to 90 feet. The extreme fluctuation in the stage of the French Broad varies from about 27.5 feet at Leadvale to about 45 feet at the mouth, being about 30 feet at the mouth of the Little Pigeon. Fluctuations below extreme high water are so variable that it is impracticable to fix the stage commonly referred to on other streams as ordinary high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $773,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The esti- mate of cost for new work for the Little Pigeon River made in 1891, is $10,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of mainte- nance is $5,000. The existing project for the French Broad River was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, in accordance with the RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT 1305 report of October 20, 1870 (Annual Report for 1871, p. 491), and the report of February 7, 1876 (Annual Report for 1876, p. 718). That for the Little Pigeon River was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, in accordance with the report of January 3, 1891 (Annual Report for 1891, p.: 2287). For map see House Document No. 616, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-It has been recommended that legislation be enacted authorizing the abandonment of the exist- ing project for improvement of the French Broad and Little Pigeon Rivers and making provision whereby, upon recommendation of the Chief of Engineers and approval of the Secretary of War, the removal of snags and similar obstructions from the French Broad may be carried on periodically with funds appropriated for the Ten- nessee River above Chattanooga, at a cost of approximately $5,000 for each 3-year period. (H. Doc. Nos. 489 and 428, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities consist of unimproved private landings, with an occasional shed or small warehouse. These facilities can generally be used by the public for a small fee, and are considered adequate for the existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The work done has improved low-water conditions so as to make light-draft traffic practicable for the greater part of the year from Dandridge to the mouth. Operations and results during fiscal year.-On November 14 steamer Ocoee, derrick boat No. 13, and auxiliary plant resumed the improvement of the navigation channel at Old Mill Shoals and Jump- ing Moses Shoals in left chute at Pickle Island. This work was 100 per cent completed on January 6. During the period 225 cubic yards of rock were quarried and a total of 1,740 cubic yards placed in four wing dikes, a closing dike at the head of the right chute, and 160 linear feet of submerged sills. Hired labor was employed. The total cost of this work amounted to $7,179.40, and the total expenditures were $7,194.07. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The work proposed below Dan- dridge is about 75 per cent completed. The minimum available depth at mean low water was probably about 1.5 feet over the reach below Dandridge, and about 1 foot over the entire section below Leadvale. Practically no work has been done above Dandridge, and while con- ditions at all shoals below Dandridge have been improved, the full project channel dimensions have not been obtained at eight localities. The whole project is about 25 per cent completed. Steamboat navigation is possible from the mouth to Leadvale, Tenn., 691/2 miles, but boats rarely go above Dandridge, Tenn., 461/2 miles above the mouth. No navigation is possible above Leadvale, as between this point and Asheville, N. C., a distance of about 75 miles, the stream is torrential, having an average fall of 13.4 feet per mile. Ordinarily the winter stage of the river is not more than 2 or 3 feet higher than the stage occurring in the summer and fall, and, therefore, nothing but light-draft navigation is ever possible. An 18-inch draft below Dandridge and a 12-inch draft up to Lead- vale are possible throughout the year. A 2-foot draft below Dan- dridge and an 18-inch draft up to Leadvale are possible when the 1306 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Dandridge gage reads 1 foot, or, in average years of river flow, from December 1 to September 1. A 30-inch draft below Dandridge and a 2-foot draft up to Leadvale are possible when the Dandridge gage reads 1.8 feet. There is no certainty as to the period during which these latter depths will be available, navigation sometimes being possible from January 1 to June 1, but frequently not possible for longer periods than two weeks during any part of this time, with the periods of interruption about equal to the periods of navigability. The cost under the existing project was $205,784.20 for new work and $33,554.02 for maintenance, a total of $239,338.22. The expendi- tures amounted to $239,352.89. Proposed operations.-Withthe balance unexpended June 30, 1930, $805.93, it is proposed to make velocity observations and a survey of the completed works of improvement of the boat channel at Jump- ing Moses Shoals and Old Mill Shoals. It is thought the available funds will be expended during the month of August. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as it is believed the work just completed will provide for the needs of existing commerce to June 30, 1932. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded boats operating on the French Broad River varies from 1 to 4 feet.. The commerce oeosi td. of sand and gravel. The commerce for the calendar year amounted to 222,714 short tons, valued at $222,714. The following table gives a comparative statement of commerce for the calendar years indicated. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 192 --------------------- 965 $26, 849 1928. ------------------- 405 264, 405 $264, 1926----.....---------------- 75,620 132,100 1929.-.------------ ------ 222, 714 222,714 1927---------------------- 121,373 220, 250 The decrease in tonnage and value is duie to sand and gravel opera- tors moving their plant to Tennessee River. All the sand and gravel is dredged in the first 3 miles above the mouth. Cost and financial summ'ary f ' - $248;, 784.20 Cost o ew work to Juie30,1934L----------------------------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------------- 33, 554. 02 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ------ 282, 338. 22 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930--------------------------- -- 4.67 Net total expenditures--------------------------------------- 82. 352. 89 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------ ----- ----- 805. 93 --------------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_ 283, 158. 82 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--... _ -------------- --- ------------ ----- -- $32, 000. 00 $7,179.40 Cost of maintenance------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total expended-..........__------------------- ----------------- 32,000. 00 7,194.07 Allotted...------ ------- - -------------- ----------------------- 40,000.00-- RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT 1307 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ------------ $8,000.00 -_________--- Gross amount expended------------------------------------- 7, 194. 07 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930___-------------------- 805. 93 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------------------------- 53. 35 Balance available June 30, 1930----------- ___________--752. 58 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------ ------- 14.67 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930---------------- 767. 25 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------ --------------------------------- 577,200.00 6. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 60th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, in- spections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in con- nection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $11,832.71; the expenditures were $26,440.79. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $22,500 can be prof- itably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial sunmary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------_-------------- $29, 500. 00 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ---------------------------- 10. 74 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930__----------------------- 29, 510. 74 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930---------------------------- 21.74 Net total expenditures -------------------------------- 29, 489. 00 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ - - -- -- _ 25, 011. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------- 54, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.. . . . ..-------------.. . .. ..... . .. ..... . ....... . .. ..... . .. . Cost of maintenance_----- ... ... __________ ... _.. ___-__.------------- ___ - . $17, 667. 29 $11, 832. 71 Total expended---- ----------------------------------------------- 3, 048. 21 26, 440. 79 Allotted-------------------------- ---------------------- $500.00 29, 000.00 25,000.00 'Exclusive of available funds. 1308 REPOR OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unended July 1, 1929 --- __________----$26, 451.79 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ------------------------------------------------ 25, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for ____...__________-_____ Gross amount expended---------------------------- $26, 446. 7' 51, 451.79 Less receipts from sales-- . 00 6----------------------------- 26, 440. 79 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 011.00 2-------------------------5 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_____ ________ 21. 74 Balance available June 30, 1930--------------------------- 24, 989. 26 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930-------------------------- -10. 74 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 000. 00 2----------------5, Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June -- - - 22, 500.00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 1932 for maintenance 1 __ EXAMINATION AND SURVEY REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JULY 3, 1930 The local engineer was charged with the duty of making a pre- liminary examination and survey required by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, of the Flint River, Ala. and Tenn., and report thereon will be duly submitted when received. OHIO RIVER For the actual construction of the new locks and dams and the operation and care of the completed structures and open-channel work the river is divided into four sections under the immediate supervision and direction of district engineers at Pittsburgh, Huntington, Cincinnati, and Louisville.. The Pittsburgh section extends from the head of the river at Pitts- burgh, Pa., to about mile 109 between Captina Island and Powhatan Point, a distance of 109 miles, and includes Dams Nos. 1 to 13, in- clusive; the Huntington section extends from about mile 109 be- tween Captina Island and Powhatan Point to about mile 317.5, just below the mouth of the Big Sandy River, Ky., a distance of about 208.5 miles, and includes Dams Nos. 14 to 28, inclusive; the Cincin- nati section extends from about mile 317.5 just below the mouth of the Big Sandy River, Ky., to about mile 556.2, just above Madison, Ind., a distance of about 238.7 miles, and includes Dams Nos. 29 to 39, inclusive; the Louisville section extends from a point 50 miles above Louisville and 1.5 miles above Madison, Ind., to Mound City, Ill., a distance of 417.2 miles, and includes Dams Nos. 41 (with the Louisville & Portland Canal) to 54. 2 District engineers: At Pittsburgh, Pa., Lieut. Col. Jarvis J. Bain, Corps of Engineers; Huntington, W. Va., Lieut. Col. E. D. Ardery, Corps of Engineers; Cincinnati, Ohio, Lieut. Col. R. G. Powell, Corps of Engineers; Louisville, Ky., Lieut. Col. George R. Spalding,. Corps of Engineers, to November 25, 1929. Acting District En- gineer: Lieut. Col. R. G. Powell, Corps of Engineers, since Novem- ber 25, 1929. Division engineer: Col. H. B. Ferguson, Corps of 12 Exclusive of available funds. The above limits became effective on July 1, 1930. RIVERS AND HARBORS-OHIO RIVER LOCKS AND DAMS 1309 Engineers, to October 10, 1929, and Lieut. Col. George R. Spalding, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Construction of locks and 4. Operating snag boats on the dams, Ohio River-------.......-- 1309 Ohio River below the Penn- 2. Operating and care of locks sylvania State line------- 1330 and dams, Ohio River - 1321 3. Open-channel work, Ohio River--------------- -- 1325 1. CONSTRUCTION OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON THE OHIO RIVER Location and description.-The Ohio River is formed by the junc- tion of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers at Pittsburgh, Pa. It flows in a general southwesterly direction and empties into the Mississippi River at Cairo, Ill. The total length of the river is 981 miles. (See map published by the United States Engineer Depart- ment from the United States engineer office, Louisville, Ky., based on survey of 1911-1914; scale 1:7,200.) The drainage area of the Ohio River is 203,900 square miles. At the head of the river the least measured discharge is 1,100 cubic feet per second, and the highest measured flood discharge is 440,000 cubic feet per second. At the mouth of the river the estimated low-water discharge is 27,500 cubic feet per second and the estimated maximum discharge 1,500,000 cubic feet per second. Low-water stage prevails generally for a period of about five months each year between the months of July and Novem- ber, inclusive. High-water stage occurs usually during spring floods, but moderate freshets may occur at any season of the year, being of infrequent occurrence, however, during summer and fall months. The river is nontidal; the flow is quite rapid on the upper reaches and perceptibly less rapid as it approaches the mouth. The average fall per mile at low-water stage between Pittsburgh and Wheeling, 90 miles, is 11/2 inches; between Wheeling and Cincinnati, 380 miles, 5 inches; and between Cincinnati and the mouth of the river, 511 miles, 4 inches. At low water the drop at the Falls of the Ohio, Louisville, Ky., is 26 feet in a distance of 2 miles. The width be- tween banks varies from about 890 feet at a point 105 miles below Pittsburgh to about 5,910 feet at a point 946 miles below Pittsburgh, or 22.5 miles above the mouth of the river. The extreme fluctuations of stage at different points along the river due to floods, and the year in which they occurred, are indicated in the following table: Highest Highest recorded recorded Place stage Year Place stage Year above low above low water water Feet Feet Pittsburgh, Pa-.-----.---.. - 35. 5 1907 Portsmouth, Ohio_......... _ 67. 9 1913 Beaver, Pa-._____... - ........ 47. 1 1907 Cincinnati, Ohio _........__... 71. 1 1884 Steubenville, Ohio........... 48. 6 1884 Louisville, Ky. (below Falls) 70. 0 1884 Wheeling, W. Va-----......-..... 52.1 1884 Paducah, Ky--_---. .---- 54.3 1884 Parkersburg, W. Va-.......... 58. 9 1913 Cairo, Ill--........--..--.. . 54. 8 1913 Point Pleasant, W. Va...... 68. 8 1913 1310 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARIIY, 1930 Original condition.-In its original condition the Ohio River was much obstructed throughout its entire length by snags, rocks, and gravel and sand bars, rendering navigation difficult and hazardous. The width of channel was exceedingly variable. The depth avail- able for navigation over the worst shoals at extreme low water varied from a minimum of 1 foot between Pittsburgh, Pa., and Cincinnati, Ohio (470 miles), to 2 feet between Cincinnati and the mouth of the river (511 miles). Between shoals are pools, some of which pos- sees depths of 30 feet even at extreme low water. When the depth on the worst shoals was 3 feet or more the river was navigable throughout its entire length for steamboats and other craft, except when floods or ice occurred. Previois projects.-The first lock and dam on the Ohio River was provided by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879, which made appropriation for a lock and movable dam at Davis Island, 4.7 miles below the head of the river. The construction of additional dams was provided for by the river and harbor acts, as follows: Dam No. 6, September 19, 1890; Dams Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 5, June 3, 1896; Nos. 13 and 18, March 3, 1899; Nos. 8, 11, 19, and 37, June 13, 1902; No. 26, March 2, 1907. The cost and expenditures on original and subsequent projects prior to commencement of operations under the existing project, adopted in 1910, including amount expended for purchase, etc., of Louisville and Portland Canal, were $17,657,273.78.1 For fur- ther details of previous projects see page 1907 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This contemplates the improvement of the entire Ohio River by the construction of locks and dams so as to provide a minimum channel depth of 9 feet in the pools formed thereby and the widening of the Louisville and Portland Canal at Louisville, Ky. The total number of dams now included in the project, exclusive of Dams 1 and 2, which were abandoned upon com- pletion of the Emsworth Dam, and Dam No. 3, which was abandoned upon completion of Dashield's Dam, is 50 or less. The project pro- vides for one lock with usable dimensions of 110 by 600 feet at each dam, and in addition thereto second locks at the Emsworth and Dashield's Dams and at Dam No. 41, with usable dimensions of 56 by 360 feet. Except at Emsworth and Dashield's, all the dams are of the movable type with navigable passes varying in length from 600 to 1,248 feet, closed by wickets of the Chanoine type. In addition to the navigable pass each dam (except the fixed dams at Emsworth and Dashield's) is provided with one or more regulating weirs. In connection with Dam No. 41, which extends from the Indiana shore just above the Ohio Falls Railway bridge to the power house of the Louisville Hydroelectric Co., there is a canal (Louisville and Port- land) along the left bank 2 miles long and 200 feet wide at the narrowest section, with locks at the lower end of the canal. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 492, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). This pro- vided for 541ocks and movable dams; for a minimum width of the Louisville and Portland Canal of 170 feet, and for a new lock at the 1 In these figures no credit is allowed for the item of $257,778 received as dividends on stock of the Louisville & Portland Canal Co., held by the General Government, this money not being disbursable by the Engineer Department. RIVERS AND HARBORS-OHIO RIVER LOOKS AND DAMS 1311 lower end of this canal with a width of 85 feet. Under the dis- cretionary authority given to the Secretary of War, the following modifications have since been made: On March 24, 1911, the width of the Louisville and Portland Canal was increased from 170 to 200 feet and the width of the proposed new lock at that point from 85 to 110 feet. On September 12, 1913, a further modification was made by omit- ting Lock and Dam No. 42. This was accomplished by adjusting the lifts of Dams Nos. 43, 44, 45, and 46. On September 4, 1917, under authority granted by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, the project was still further modified by the substitution of a fixed dam at Emsworth for movable Dams Nos. 1 and 2. On July 14, 1925, a further modification was made by omitting Lock and Dam No. 40, through the rebuilding of Dam No. 41 as a power-navigation dam, and adjusting the lift to provide the project depth up to Dam No. 39. On January 28, 1926, a second fixed dam at Dashields, Pa., was authorized, thereby further modifying the project. This dam replaces movable Dam No. 3 and is adapted to the ultimate replacement of movable Dam No. 4. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, including ex- penditures on previous projects prior to adoption of the 9-foot project in 1910, is $117,017,863.43. The latest (1926) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000,000. Additional information concerning the project, including a dis- cussion of the details of construction, is published in House Docu- ment No. 1159, Sixty-second Congress, third session. This document contains a map of the river and its principal tributaries, on which is indicated the locations then proposed for the various dams. A map of the river on a scale of 1 inch equals 600 feet, in 280 sheets, with an index map based upon the survey made in 1911-1914 by the United States Engineer Department, has been issued from the United States engineer office, Louisville, Ky. A further report in review of the project, made in compliance with the provisions of section 14 of the river and harbor act ap- proved March 4, 1915, is published in House Document No. 1695, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session. This report recommends a substitution of fixed for movable dams on the upper river and dis- cusses the possibility of maintaining the project depth below Dam No. 48 by means of dredging. In the river and harbor act of July 18, 1918, the Secretary of War was authorized to modify the project in accordance with the report 'submitted in House Document No. 1695, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session, provided that the au- thorized omission of locks and dams below Dam No. 48 shall not become effective until it shall be satisfactorily demonstrated that the project depth of 9 feet on that section of the river can be maintained by open-channel work. No advantage was taken of this authority, and Dams Nos. 49, 50, 51, 52, and 53 have been constructed, leaving the question as to the construction of Dam No. 54 still undetermined. The following table contains information concerning various fea- tures of the locks' and dams included in the existing project: 11714-ENG 1930---83 ~ 1 Lock Location Depth on miter Per- Year Dimensions sills Estimated or Character of dam cent- opened actual cost NO.I foundation age com- to navi- of each lock M Width Greatest Character of and dam * Miles length foundation pleted gation 0 below Distance from nearest town or mouth of of Lift Upper Lower Pitts- navigable tributary cham- available for full burgh ber width ,i-- Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet 1 Replaced ------------------------------ $870, 034.01 0 1156 13. O0 Rock (114 feet); 3, 082, 743. 08 6. 2 Emsworth, Pa..... ..............-------- -.... 360 10.9 13. O0 Rock.--- 1. gravel (1,613 feet). } 100 1921 2 Replaced..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 976, 766. 77 3 -- do-...... . .-----.--- -- __ . 1,144, 588.18 13. 3 Dashield's lock and dam, 2 miles below Se- { 56 360 13. 75 13. 5 13.0 Rock..... ..... Rock....----------- 98 2 3, 538, 000. 00 0 wickley Pa. 110 4 18. 6 Legionville, Pa- ............. ..------- ......-- 600 7.6 16. 6 9. 5 -.....do------------- Gravel; piles in 100 1908 1,071, 472. 21 gravel. 110 600 7.5 14. 5 10. O0....do-----......... ....do............... 100 1907 1, 080,132. 04 5 24.1 Freedom, Pa .. ..-- ..--............ 110 6 29.3 Beaver, Pa ......-- .-....----------.... 600 6.7 14. 2 11.0 Rock gravel-........ Piles in gravel....... 100 1904 1,123. 441.80 Mialand, Pa...--- 110 600 6.9 15. 4 11.0 Rock---------....... .....do.....- 100 1914 1, 075, 000. 00 7 36. 5 110 8 46.4 Newell. W. Va .. . ..- ----.----..... 600 6.4 15.4 12. O0 Piles in gravel-...... Rock; piles in gravel. 100 1911 1, 167, 456. 24 ...... 110 600 7.4 15.4 11.0 ..... do------------ Piles in gravel....--- 100 1914 1, 177, 100. 00 td C 9 56. O0 New Cumberland, W. Va-............-- 110 10 66.2 Steubenville, Ohio--.-- 600 8.4 16. 4 11.0 Rock and piles in ..... do.............. 100 1915 1,138, 000. 00 gravel. 110 600 7.3 15.4 11. 1 Piles in sand and Piles in sand and 100 1911 1, 162, 164. 70 11i 76. 9 2.3 miles below Wellsburg, W. Va-............. gravel. gravel. 12 87.4 Wheeling, W. Va.----- -----------.. . 110 110 60 600 8.4 15. 4 13. 8 11.0 .do......-....... 9.5 ....- do-------------. ..... do......--------- do.............. 100 100 1917 1,166, 103. 55 1,222, 389.11 N -.... 13 96. 1 McMechen, W. Va--------------------------- --__ - -.-........... 110 600 600 7.3 8.3 16. 4 11.0 Rock-............... Rock_.------ - 100 1911 1917 1,132, 934. 65 o 14 114. O0 Woodland, W. Va - 110 15 129.1 New Martinsville, W. Va_------------------ 600 7.8 15.4 11.0 ----do-------------- Rodo-.............- 100 1916 1, 159, 951. 82 110 600 7.8 1.5.4 11.2 -.... do------------- 100 1917 1,258, 644.43 16 146. 5 Bens Run, W. Va-.. ------------------ 110 ....do.........- ... 17 167. 5 4 miles above Marietta, Ohio .... _ --------- 600 8.2 15. 4 _do-------------. ---.. 11.0 .... do.....---........------100 1918 1,344, 915. 37 179. 9 4% miles above Parkersburg, W. Va...---___- 110 600 6.2 14. 2 11.0 -- -do----------- _--do . ..--.....---------- 100 1910 911, 405. 76 18 110 19 192. 2 Little Hocking, Ohio..---------- -----._ 600 7.7 16.9 11.0 Piles in sand, .....do .............- 100 1916 1, 213, 259. 04 gravel, and rock. 202. 5 Belleville, W. Va____ ..---------------------- 110 600 7.5 15. 4 11.0 Rock............ do.---------- -.... 100 1917 935, 926. 81 20 110 21 214. 5 Portland, Ohio---__------------------------ 600 5.6 15. 4 11.0 Rock....... ..... Rock..............---------- 100 1919 1,475, 836. 13 110 600 7.8 15. 4 11.2 100 do----------............ 1918 1,209, 216. 84 -- 22 220.9 Ravenswood, W. Va-------------------------- 110 ..... do...--------- 23 231.4 Millwood, W. Va....-------- 600 8. 1 15.4 11.0 -.... do_---------- 100 1921 1,634, 005. 08. 110 600 7.0 15. 4 11.0 .... do---------- do------------ -.... 100 1919 1, 112, 769. 28 24 242. 5 Graham, W. Va_---------------------------- 110 __.do----............-------- 25 260. 7 5 miles above mouth of Kanawha River_....... 600 9.0 15.4 11.0 do------------ ----ddo------------ do ............- 100 1922 -.... 1,708, 563. 46 -. 110 600 7.5 11.0 ... do------------- 100 1912 1,267, 051. 23 278. 5 Hogsett, W. Va---------- ------------- 16. 9 ,do------------ ---- 26 110 27 301.0 4 miles above Proctorville, Ohio.....---------- 110 600 6.4 15.4 11. 1 ..... do---------- ............ 100 1923 2, 003, 295. 90 600 7.1 15.4 11.0 ...- do.......... .....do----------.............. 100 1915 1,047, 667. 19 28 311. 6 Huntington, W. Va--------------------------- 110 . do-- --- -.... do.....---------- 29 319. 9 Ashland, Ky..__ -------.------------------ 110 600 8.0 15. 4 11.0 100 1916 1,021, 923. 37 30 339. 4 3 miles below Greenup, Ky-............... 600 7.5 15. 4 11.0 --..--- do-...-- 100 1923 do.............---------- 1, 579. 617, 80 -. 31 359. 3 3 miles below Portsmouth, Ohio-.............- 110 600 7.5 15.4 11.0 .---- do ........... ...----- do......._------- 100 1919 1, 217, 751.24 32 382. 6 1 mile above Rome, Adams County, Ohio-.... 110 600 7.5 15.4 11.0 Piles in sand and Caissons on gravel 100 1926 2, 950, 379. 98 gravel. and clay. 33 405. 1 3 miles above Maysville, Ky - - - 110 600 7.0 15. 4 11.0 do--........--------... ....---- Piles in sand and 100 1921 1, 580, 948. 16 gravel. 34 434. 1 Chilo, Ohio....- 110 600 5&6 15.4 11.0 ..... do _---------- ..---do--........-------- 100 1925 3,437, 073. 70 35 36 451. 0 460. 9 1 mile below New Richmond, Ohio ........ 10 miles above Cincinnati, Ohio............ - 110 110 600 600 6.4 7.9 15.4 15. 4 11.0 ----- do------------ ---- 11. 1 -------- do .... do -------------- do_. . . . . . 100 100 1919 1925 1, 872, 849. 88 3, 704, 534. 91 37 483. 2 Fernbank, Ohio................... 110 600 7.8 12. 3 11.0 Rock- .- -- - Rock ...... ...... 100 1911 1,354,178. 60 38 503. 3 M cVille, Ky ...................... 110 600 7.3 15.4 11.0 Piles in sand and Piles in sand and 100 1924 2, 857, 040. 24 gravel. gravel. 39 531. 7 1 mile above Markland, Ind.... 110 600 6.0 15. 4 11.0 - . do__ .......... -- Rock and piles in 100 1921 2, 222, 447. 98 sand and gravel. 40 555.9 Eliminated..................-------------------------- Louisville, Ky....... . ..... . .... ..... ... 600 3360 37.0 19. 0 41 604.0 11.0 Rock -..... . Rock_ .. ..--- 100 1921 46, 961, 445. 85 42 Eliminated. ----- -- - - - - - 43 633. 2 3 miles below West Point, Ky _ 600 9.0 15.4 11.0 Pile . . . . . . . Pile . -100 19 -- 2,587, 331.33 44 663. 2 Leavenworth, Ind....-- 600 9.0 15.4 11.0 ...--do...........-- Rock and pile-....__ 100 1925 2, 821, 222. 82 45 703. 0 A ddison, K y_...-------- .--.---- ._-_ ..-.--- -- 600 9.0 15.4 11.0 Rock........ --.. do.-------- 100 1927 3,028,415.00 46 757. 3 Owensboro, Ky... 600 9.0 15.4 11.0 Pile_ .... .. . Pile - __ -.- - 100 1928 2, 987, 000. 00 47 777. 7 Newburgh, Ind... 110 110 110 600 9.0 15. 4 11.0 .. do-------.-- . ---...do _--------- 100 1928 4, 412, 400.00 48 809. 6 6 miles below Henderson, Ky. __ 110 600 15.4 11.0 . -do . . . .. ..--do _ --------- 100 1922 2, 666, 000. 00 O 49 845. 0 2Y2miles below Uniontown, Ky ......... 110 110 110 9. 11.0 O 15.4 11.0 Rock .............. Rock._ ------- 100 1928 600 ...do . . . _ 3, 085, 000. 00 50 876. 8 1 mile below Weston, Ky..................... 110 600 8.0 15. 4 11.0 -_--do__----_---- Rock and pile .. ___ 100 1928 3, 500, 000. 00 51 903. 1 938. 9 0.6 mile below Golconda, Ill__ 1.3 miles below Brookport, Ill.. . . 110 600 8.0 15. 4 15.4 15. 4 11.0 11.0 Rock and bowlders_ Pile _ .-- ---- - 98 1929 54, 365, 033. 41 00 52 600 12.0 Pile ... . ... _.... --.... do....... .... 100 1928 4, 389, 000. 00 53 962. 6 10.8 miles below Joppa, Ill.. ....... .... 600 13.4 15.4 (0) ..--.do ....... -. Gr.doavel..._ ... 98 1929 8 5, 304, 000. 00 0 54 974. 2 Mound City, Ill..... .......... .. 600 (7) (7) (7) Rock_ ...... .. Gravel ........... 0 -- (9) 1o 110, 316, 428. 95 0C 0 1 For completed dams, actual expenditures, exclusive of receipts from sales, are shown; for dam practically completed, estimate is based upon cost to date and present prices; for dams under construction the estimated cost is based upon present prices. 2Under construction; will replace Dams Nos. 3 and 4. 3 Clear width and length of new auxiliary lock. 4 Completed with large new lock in 1921. Completed with new dam and raised canal and lock walls in 1928. Construction of an auxiliary lock commenced in 1929, which lock is 99 per cent completed. 0 Dam practically complete. 9 Dam practically complete. 6 Dam below not commenced. o Not commenced. 7 Necessity for construction has not yet been determined. Exclusive of $6,701,434.48; details below. 10o ADDITIONAL FEATURES ENTERING INTO COST OF PROJECT zL Repair station, Marietta, Ohio---- . . . . . . . . . . ..------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $178,700. 00 $178,700.00 Marine ways at Dam No. 37, Ohio River-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 78, 760. 88 Louisville and Portland Canal, and Indiana chute (under previous project)_--__ .........--------------------------- _ _- ..------- _ _. - ... . __ 5, 359, 203.17 Repairs to Sand Island Dike, Louisville, Ky. (maintenance) -------------- 130, 000. 00 Examinations, surveys, contingencies, plant, and miscellaneous.-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 954, 770. 43 6, 701, 434. 48 I.3 Total 117, 017, 863.43 863. 43------------ 1314 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEER9, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Principal towns and cities along the Ohio River Miles Miles Miles Location below Location below Location below Pitts- Location Pitts- Location Pitts- burgh burgh burgh Pittsburgh, Pa_---------.------- Ironton, Ohio......... 32. 2 Cannelton, Ind--....... 724.1 Ambridge, Pa---------.......... 15. 9 Portsmouth, Ohio.... 356. Rockport, Ind........ 747. 3 Woodlawn, Pa--------- 18. 5 Maysville, Ky........ 408. 6 Owensboro, Ky ------ 755. 9 East Liverpool, Ohio._. 43. 5 Newport, Ky--------- 469. 8 Newburg, Ind......... 778. O0 Steubenville, Ohio...... 68. 0 Cincinnati, Ohio ..... 470.2 Evansville, Ind...-.. 792. 3 Wheeling, W. Va....... 90.5 Covington, Ky........ 470. 9 Henderson, Ky....-----... 803. 8 Bellaire, Ohio ......... 94. 6 Lawrenceburg, Ind.... 492. 9 Mount Vernon, Ind_._ 829.2 Marietta, Ohio_-----. - 172. 0 Aurora, Ind..--.---.. 496. 7 Shawneetown, Ill..... 857. 8 Parkersburg, W. Va.... 184. 6 Carrollton, Ky........ 545. 7 Golconda, Ill--.--.... 902.4 Point Pleasant, W. Va.. 265. 2 Madison, Ind-------......... 557. 7 Paducah, Ky- ------ 934.4 Gallipolis, Ohio---------......... 269.7 Jeffersonville, Ind..... 602.7 Metropolis, Ill_---...- 943.9 Huntington, W. Va.... 308. 3 Louisville, Ky........ 603. 9 Mount City, Ill------- 973. 4 Catlettsburg, Ky-...... 317. 2 New Albany, Ind..... 608. 5 Cairo, Ill.............. 979. 3 Ashland, Ky.---------- 322. 6 Leavenworth, Ind..... 664. 0 Recommended modifications of project.--None. Reference to published articles not previously reported: The National Waterways, Ohio River edition, October, 1929, con- tains several articles covering the improvement of this river. The Engineering News Record of March 13, 1930, page 432, con- tains an article on Ohio River Canalization-Its History and Possibilities. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.--A full and complete report of terminals along the Ohio River in 1918 is contained in House Document No. 652, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session, showing approximately 300 terminals throughout the length of the Ohio River, 120 being open to the public and the balance, 180, being private or not open to the public. The private terminals are generally suited to their particu- lar requirements and are adequate for the commerce handled. Nu- merous large private terminals have been built since 1918, and others are now under construction. The improvements in public terminal facilities since 1918 have not been extensive, and the existing terminals are not adequate for the proper and economical handling of existing and prospective river commerce. About 35 of these terminals are equipped with a derrick, hoist or some other facility or mechanical device for handling freight, but the others are mainly the floating wharf boats owned by individuals or firms or by the steamboat lines. Some of these are floating sheds, designed to protect freight during loading and unloading, while others have been so constructed that they form fair warehouses for the receipt, storage, and shipping of goods. These wharf boats generally lack mechanical devices and ordinarily handle package freight, livestock, etc., which, can be carried or run over the landing plank by labor. Facilities for transfer between river and rail are particularly lacking. A public river-rail terminal designed for economical handling of steel and other heavy freight has been constructed by private inter- ests at Cincinnati. This terminal can handle loads as great as 10 tons and has an annual capacity of 150,000 tons. The other larger cities along the river have under consideration plans for similar terminals, and it is expected that these plans will materialize as the demand for such facilities becomes more urgent. RIVERS AND HARBORS-OHIO RIVER LOCKS AND DAMS 1315 The city of Pittsburgh contemplates the early construction of an adequate modern terminal with ample facilities for river-to-rail and rail-to-river transfer of freight, for general use. Additional data have been published as Transportation Series Report No. 2, Transportation in the Mississippi and Ohio Valleys. Effect of improvement.-The extension of the slack-water system has been reflected in a steady increase in tonnage and ton mileage on the river during recent years. Now that all the locks and dams are practically completed and in operation, permitting continuous navi- gation at all times (except when interrupted by floods or ice) throughout the entire length of river, connecting the large cities of the upper and middle sections with those of the lower section and the Mississippi River, a large increase in tonnage of longer hauls is anticipated. This is illustrated by the shipments from steel mills near Pitts- burgh and at Portsmouth, Ohio, to the lower Ohio and Mississippi, total shipments to the Mississippi in 1926, 1927, 1928, and 1929 being, respectively, 160,000, 252,000, 275,000, and 327,000 tons. Large ship- ments of crude oil are now being made from the Kentucky River and from Catlettsburg and Owensboro, Ky., to Louisville, Ky., while there are numerous smaller movements of oil and gasoline in that part of the river between Catlettsburg and Pittsburgh. The shipments of oil, gasoline, and steel promise to increase greatly with the providing of additional terminal facilities and common- carrier service. The commercial effect of the series of completed dams on the upper and middle sections of the river was reflected also in a marked in- crease in the amount of coal shipped from the mines along the Mo- nongahela River to industrial plants on the Ohio River at Aliquippa and Midland, Pa., and Steubenville, Ohio, and the shipment of coal from the Kanawha River and Huntington to points downstream on the Ohio. Coke in considerable quantities is also being shipped from the Monongahela River to steel plants at Mingo and Bellaire, Ohio, and a large tonnage of pig iron and unfinished steel products is being transported between steel mills on the Monongahela and upper Ohio. The use of the river for the marketing of cement is steadily increasing. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-The work accomplished during the fiscal year and classed as new work was as follows: Fixed dam at Emsworth, Pa., replacing old Dams Nos. 1 and 2.-The new dam having been completed, the lower gate track and Poiree trestle dam foundations at abandoned Lock No. 2 were removed. An additional concrete mooring pier was constructed above the upper guide wall at Emsworth Lock. The cost and amount expended was $4,282.42. Fixed dam at Dashields, Pa., replacing old Dam No. 3.-Under contract 749 linear feet of foundation for dam and 897 linear feet of concrete superstructure of dam were completed and nine spillway openings in the section of dam pre- viously constructed closed, completing the dam. Under a separate contract the lock gates and emergency dam in the 110-foot lock chamber were completed. By hired labor with Government plant dredges Nos. 1 and 8 removed 16,500 cubic yards from the lock approaches and 138,900 cubic yards from the project- ing bank below the abutment. On the face of this dredged bank 9,934 tons of large derrick stone were placed for bank protection. On the lock walls 2 re- inforced concrete power houses and a concrete administration building were erected. A water turbine power plant and stand-by steam power plant and the 1316 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 lock operating machinery and piping, cover plates, etc., were installed. The esplanade paving, guttering, and curb walls were completed. After completion of the lock and dam the Chanoine wickets, horses, props and horse boxes, in the 700-foot navigable pass of abandoned Dam No. 3 were salvaged and the re- moval of the river lock wall and 3 beartrap piers, insofar as they interfered with safe navigation, was practically completed. The entire lock and dam and appurtenant works are about 98.8 per cent completed. The cost during the year was $774,298.96; the expenditures were $905,413.13. Lock and Dam No. 26.-Plans for a water-power plant were prepared, but no construction work has been done. The cost and amount expended was $792.22. Lock and Dam No. 29.-An additional water turbine and an air compressor were procured and installed in the river wall powerhouse. The cost and amount expended was $4,996.67. Lock and Dam No. 31.-An additional water turbine and an air compressor were procured and installed in the river wall powerhouse. The cost and amount expended was $4,948.02. Marietta Repair Station.-A 3-story and basement storage building at the United States Repair Station, Marietta, Ohio, was completed, except installa- tion of electric elevator. The cost was $59,401.13; the expenditures were $56,844.13. Lock and Dam No. 33.-Survey and establishment of monuments to fix perma- nently the boundary lines of the United States Reservation and minor road- way construction were completed. Installation of electric lines for power, lighting, and signal purposes were partially completed. The cost was $4,885.19; the expenditures were $3,881.35. Lock and Dam No. 34.-Survey and establishment of monuments to fix perma- nently the boundary lines of the reservation and basements under three dwell- ings were completed. Installation of electric lines for power, lighting, and signal purposes were partially completed. The cost was $4,171.83; the expendi- tures were $4,023.93. Look and Dam No. 85.-New warehouse and garage, and survey and estab- lishment of monuments fixing boundary lines of the United States Reservation were completed. Riprap protection to bank and roadway and installation of electric lines for power, lighting, and signal purposes were partially completed. The cost was $20,064.08; the expenditures were $20,242.37. Lock and Dam No. 36.-Riprap stone protection was placed on abutment esplanade and on bank at the lock esplanade. The ground level about two dwellings was raised above ordinary high water and minor roadway extension was completed. Survey establishing permanent boundary lines of the reser- vation was completed. Installation of electric lines for power, lighting, and signals was partially completed. The cost was $17,636.05; the expenditures were $19,815.89. Look and Dam No. 37.-Survey and establishment of monuments to perma- nently fix the boundary lines of the United States Reservation were completed. The cost and the amount expended was $848.31. United States Repair Yards, Dam No. 37. Marine ways and attendant shops and plant were in continuous operation during the fiscal year. Dockages and repairs were made to various pieces of Engineer Department plant as well as to privately owned barges and the Naval Reserve launch. Look and Dam No. 38.-Two additional dwellings for lockkeepers, survey fixing permanent boundary lines of the United States Reservation, and final acquisition of land at the dam site, were completed. Installation of electric lines of the United States Reservation was completed. Installation of electric cost was $14,633.79; the expenditures were $14,872.89. Lock and Dam No. 39.-The lower guide wall to the lock was raised two feet higher than the original elevation. Survey establishing permanent boundary lines of the United States Reservations was completed. Installation of electric lines for power, lighting, and signal purposes was partially completed. The cost was $11,874.67; the expenditures were $14,310.18. Lock and Damrn No. 41.-The construction under contract of an auxiliary lock 56 by 360 feet with a single lift was completed. The contract included the lock complete with valves, gates, and operating machinery. By hired labor and Government plant 36,412 cubic yards of fill was placed back of the walls of the new lock. The substitution of an 80-foot tripping bar type of Chanoine wicket in the pass next to the pier at the south end of the navigable pass was begun. RIVERS AND HARBORS-OHIO RIVER LOCKS AND DAMS 1317 Under contract the powerhouse for operating the locks was raised one story to provide additional space for oil tanks and office accommodations. The hydroelectric plant constructed by the Louisville Hydro-Electric Co. for utilizing power from the dam was in operation throughout the year except for 32.5 days, when suspended by lack of usable head during high water. The production for the fiscal year 1930 was 253,946,700 kilowatt-hours. Flowage damages from Dam No. 41.-During the fiscal year surveys were made of small tributaries of the Ohio River entering the river above Dam No. 41, in order to determine the effect of the increased height of the dam on the overflow of bottom lands along these tributaries. The tributaries surveyed were Corn Creek, Spring Creek, Middle Creek, Pattons Creek, Gilmore Creek, Bear Bone Creek, Big Saluda Creek, Little Saluda Creek, and Bottle Creek. These sur- veys were made in connection with a study of 57 claims for damage to property by overflow caused by the increased height of the dam. Agreements have been approved for the purchase of the easement of flowage over the property involved in 16 of these claims. The cost of all work in connection with Lock and Dam No. 41 during the year was $855,719.67 for new work; the expenditures were $848,087.69. Lock and Dam No. 43.-Approximately 3,500 tons of heavy derrick stone were placed for protection below the dam. Specifications were issued for the con- struction of nine lock houses and the preparation of plans for construction of a warehouse was in progress. The cost was $13,943.18; the expenditures were $14,293.18. Look and Dam No. 44.-Approximately 3,100 tons of heavy derrick stone were placed for protection below the dam. Preparation of plans for construction of a warehouse for storage of small tools and supplies was in progress. The cost was $4,611.44; the expenditures were $4,711.44. Lock and Dam No. 45.-Approximately 6,200 tons of heavy derrick stone were placed below the dam and preparation of plans for warehouse for storage of small tools and supplies was in progress. The cost was $12,915.58; the expendi- tures were $13,015.60. Look and Dam No. 46.-During the year 4,900 tons of heavy protection stone were placed below the dam and plans for warehouse were in course of prepara- tion. The cost was $19,964.16; the expenditures were $51,007.65. Lock and Dam No. 47.-Approximately 10,295 tons of heavy derrick stone were placed for protection below the dam. Preparation of plans for warehouse was in progress. The cost and amount expended was $27,883.59. Lock and Dam No. 48.-During the year six lockkeepers' dwellings were built under contract at a cost of $29,880; plans were commenced for construction of warehouse and 3,000 tons of heavy derrick stone were placed for protection of dam. The cost was $30,991.68; the expenditures were $31,251.17. Lock and Dam No. 49.-During the year 1,000 tons of riprap stone were placed to prevent cutting of the bank on the abutment side and 300 tons of heavy der- rick stone were placed for protection below the dam and preparation of plans for warehouse was in progress. The total cost during the year was $14,767.76, less an item of $20,000 reim- bursed for warehouse at Paducah originally charged to Lock and Dam No. 49, making the net cost-$5,232.24 for new work. The expenditures were $5,636.92. Lock and Darn No. 50.-During the year 12,695 tons of heavy derrick stone were placed for protection below the dam and 500 tons were stored for future use. The cost was $25,987.19; the expenditures were $12,426.10. Lock and Dam No. 51.-During the year the small amount ~of piping and ad- justing of the lock-and-valve operating machinery remaining to be done was completed. The operating force was also engaged during favorable weather in constructing a road through the grounds. The cost was $63,470.96; the expendi- tures were $58,360.75. Lock and Dam No. 52.-The principal work accomplished was removal of con- struction buildings, grading grounds, building roads, and placing 34,000 tons of protection stone below the dam. The cost was $180,855.77; the expenditures were $84,504.07. Lock and Dam No. 53.-The work was continued by hired labor with Govern- ment plant. The construction was sufficiently completed to place the dam in operation August 27, 1929. The principal items were the completion of installa- tion of power house and lock operating machinery except testing, placing 227 cubic yards of concrete, 12,905 cubic yards of stone protection, 18,623 linear feet round piles, and 19,423 square feet steel sheet piles. The removal of the training dike and dredging the upper approach to the lock and dam are about 1318 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 done. The powerhouse and garage are complete. The cost was $532,448.16; the expenditures were $192,864.16. The total cost during the year for new work was $2,683,084.83; the total expenditures were $2,399,898.44. Conditionat end of fiscal ear.-The entire system of 50 locks and dams is practically completed. All of the structures were in operation shortly after the beginning of the fiscal year, thereby extending 9-foot navigation throughout the entire length of the river except at certain locations where gravel deposits or obstructive bars exist. These bars are now being, or will be, removed by dredging operations, probably supplemented by contraction works, in order that the full project depth may be available at all times. The table under Exist- ing project shows the year of completion of locks and dams now in operation and the percentage of completion of those now under con- struction. The total cost of existing projects to the end of the fiscal year was $98,344,775.52 for new work, and $130,000 for maintenance, making a total cost of $98,474,775.52. The total expenditures under the existing project were $98,534,696.84. Of this amount, $24,427.36 and $37,313.97 were expended for flood-relief work during the fiscal years 1927 and 1928, respectively, which will be reimbursed should Congress make an appropriation for that purpose. Proposed operaltions.-The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year ($825,892.81) will be applied to the following major items of work contemplated: Dashield's Lock and Dam: $94,175 for completing locks and power and operat- ing plant, constructing lock houses, and dredging lower approach. Dam No. 26: $39,207. Installing water-power plant for operating lock. Dam No. 37: $14,856. Raising lower guide wall. Dam No. 41: $99,703. Fill behind walls of auxiliary lock, $24,703; purchase of flowage rights over land bordering creeks tributary to Ohio River in that pool, $75,000. Dain No. 49: $65,227. Additional protection stone below dam. Dam No. 538: $150,563. Raising lower guide wall, dredging, and additional riprap. $40,000. Investigation and surveys for new fixed dam below Cincinnati, Ohio. The balance of funds on hand will be expended for various minor items needed to fully complete projects at various locks and dams now in operation. These items consist mainly of constructing lock- keepers' dwellings at Dams No. 34 and No. 35, also for the purchase of additional land at Dam No. 35, and purchase of machine-shop equipment at that structure; lock-keepers' dwellings at Dam No. 43; raising lower guide wall at Dam No. 51; and other minor work, such as placing additional riprap where needed, marking reservations, constructing permanent roadway, construction of warehouses and garages, and installing new lighting system. It is not possible to state definitely the rate at which funds avail- able at the close of the year will or can be expended, as the rate of progress is controlled largely by weather and river conditions. How- eier it is believed that the balance available will be practically ex- hausted at the end of the fiscal year 1931. The additional sum of $1,000,000 can be profitably expended dur- ing the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, to begin construction by contract of a new fixed dam to replace existing Dams Nos. 4 and 5 and possibly No. 6, the exact location to be determined by detail estimates of flowage involved, the surveys for which are now being made. RIVERS AND HARBORS---OHIO RIVER LOCOKS AND DAMS 1319 Commercial statistics.-The tonnage of the Ohio River for the calendar year 1929 was 21,955,148, an increase of 1,016,881 tons or 4.8 per cent over that of the preceding year. A corresponding in- create was shown in ton-mileage, which reached 1,512,584,740 in 1929, an increase of 167,897,740 ton-miles or 12.4 per cent over that of 1928. Omitting sand and gravel, the tonnage for 1928 was 12,- 189,034, and for 1929 it was 13,245,819, an increase of 1,056,785 tons or 8 per cent. The average haul for this tonnage increased from 100 to 104.7 miles. The average haul for the total tonnage in- creased from 64.3 miles to 68.7 miles. The increase in tonnage and ton-mileage over that of 1928 was principally in the items of coal, petroleum products, and iron and steel. The movement of coal increased from 9,160,766 tons to 9,751,374 tons and the ton-mileage from 740,122,972 to 757,411,980; the tonnage of petroleum products increased from 322,600 to 590,269 and the ton-mileage from 40,533,082 to 74,574,861. While the increase in iron and steel tonnage was only 2,761, from 1,413,- 216 to 1,415,977 tons, the length of the average haul increased from 242.4 miles to 286.4 miles, which resulted in an increase in ton-mile- age from 350,556,663 to 405,666,628. The movement of iron and steel from the upper Ohio to the Mississippi increased from 275,000 to 327,000 tons and this movement is rapidly assuming a position of importance in river commerce. There was a decrease in sand and gravel traffic from 8,749,223 to 8,709,329 tons. Coal continues as the largest commodity movement, constituting 44.4 per cent of the total tonnage of the river; sand and gravel 39.7 per cent; iron and steel 6.5 per cent; oil and gasoline 2.7 per cent; stone 1.7 per cent; logs and lumber 1.4 per cent; cement 0:5 per cent, and miscellaneous items 3.1 per cent. Measuring in ton-miles, coal ranks first, being 50 per cent of the total, and iron and steel second with 26.8 per cent. Comparative statement Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year 1925: Through locks and open river ....------------------- 15, 737, 072 $151, 622, 242 1, 374, 268 Ferries -------------------------- 2, 047, 367 511, 184, 175 6, 843, 740 Total...--------------......................----------------------........... 17, 784, 439 662, 806, 417 8, 218, 008 Calendar year 1926: Through locks and open river..............-------------------- 19, 754, 978 150, 086, 223 1,677,476 Ferries..------- ------------------------------------- 2,311, 959 577, 984, 750 7,448, 721 Total..._.------ ------------------------------- 22, 066, 937 728, 070, 973 9, 126, 197 Calendar year 1927: Through locks and open river.......-------------------- 20, 128, 518 168, 422, 904 2, 004, 513 Ferries _..------------------------------------- 2, 064, 878 516, 219, 500 6, 418, 946 Total.........------------------- ----------- 22, 193, 396 684, 642, 404 8, 423, 459 Calendar year 1928: Through locks and open river...........------------------- 20, 938, 267 191, 519, 168 1, 990, 143 Ferries---------- .---------------------------- 1,903, 358 475, 839, 500 6, 370, 638 Total..-- ......-.-- ..---- ------------ 22, 841, 625 667, 358, 668 8, 360, 781 Calendar year 1929: Through locks and open river-----..... .--------------- 21, 955, 148 192, 308, 473 1,803, 528 Ferries...........-------------------------------------- 1, 889, 723 472, 430, 750 5, 798, 251 Total-------- ----------------------------- 23, 844, 871 664, 739, 223 7, 601, 779 1320 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, TU. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and finarnial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 _--.------------------1 $116, 002, 049.30 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 --------------- 130, 000. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------- 116,132, 049.30 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930_---.. 198, 191. 56 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 --- 116, 330, 240. 86 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930---------------------- 37, 845. 47 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930---------------------116, 368, 086.33 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_---------------- 176, 115.71 Net total expenditures-_------------------------- _ 2116, 191, 970. 62 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---- ---------------------- 825, 892.81 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 117, 017, 863.43 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..------------ _ $8, 419, 181. 99 $6, 800, 184. 20 $10, 394, 932. 74 $6, 400, 414. 37 $2, 683, 084. 83 Cost of maintenance-.......---------------------- ------------ 118, 000. 00 ------------- Total cost-....-- ------..... 8, 419, 181. 99 6, 800, 184. 20 10, 512, 932. 74 6, 400, 414. 37 2, 683, 084. 83 Total expended............-------------- 8, 419, 181. 99 6, 800, 184. 20 9, 736, 807. 47 5, 194, 594. 24 2, 399, 898. 44 Allotted....... 12, 425,000. 00 ... ... ..------------------- 8, 309, 129. 92 4, 087, 680. 45 2, 550, 480. 00 158, 850. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----- ----- ___---________ 4$3, 066,941.25 Amount allotted from War Department appro- priation act approved: February 23, 1927 $75,000.00 May 28, 1930----------------------------- 338, 850.00 March 23, 1928 ______-- ______ _ 100, 000.00 February 28, 1929------------------------- 60,000.00 573, 850. 00 Amount to be accounted for -- - -- ________-- - _ 3, 640, 791.25 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment --------------- 415,000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for __________-------3, 225, 791. 25 Gross amount expended----------------------$2,451,947.16 Less receipts from sales----------------------- 52, 048.72 2, 399, 898. 44 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------ ______ 825, 892. 81 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_ ____ 11___1________ 196, 010.40 Balance available June 30, 1930____-_______--_______ 629, 882. 41 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930-- ____-_____-_____- 37, 845. 47 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930------------ 667, 727. 88 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending - - June 30, 1932, for new work 5 ________ ______ ______ _ 1,000, 000. 00 1Previous costs reduced $47,942.74 on account of transfer of plant to Ohio River, Open Channel Work. 2 Previous expenditures reduced $1,163,422.79 on account of transfer of plant to Ohio River, Open Channel Work. sPrevious appropriations reduced $1,610,000.00 on account of transfer to Ohio River, Open Channel Work. 'Changed from amount reported in 1929 report due to transfer of allotment for plant to Ohio River, Open Channel Work. Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-OHIO RIVER LOCKS AND DAMS 1321 2. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON THE OHIO RIVER The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for construction of locks and dams on the Ohio River. See pages 1308 to 1320, where general information regarding the improvement may be found. The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation; since the following dates: No. No. 1. October 7, 1885. 26. August 1, 1912. Emsworth, September 1, 1921. 27. July 23, 1923. 2. October 13, 1906. 28. March 1, 1915. 3. February 1, 1908. 29. December 1, 1916. Dashields, Pa. 30. October 19, 1923. Small lock, August, 1, 1929. 31. October 22, 1919. Large lock, August 23, 1929. 32. May 1, 1926. 4. February 1, 1908. 33. October 28, 1921. 5. November 21, 1907. 34. July 31, 1925. 6. August 3, 1904. 35. September 3, 1919. 7. September 16, 1914. 36. August 14, 1925. 8. July 14, 1911. 37. January 1, 1911. 9. November 2, 1914. 38. October 31, 1924. 10. October 31, 1915. 39. March 15, 1921. 11. August 1, 1911. 41. Including Louisville and Portland 12. January 16, 1917. Canal, July, 1885.1 13. August 1, 1911. New lock, May 1, 1921. 14. August 20, 1917. New dam, January 1, 1928. 15. July 1, 1916. 43. June 13, 1921. 16. August 16, 1917. 44. September 12, 1925. 17. August 1, 1918. 45. September 13, 1927. 18. May 1, 1910. 46. September 15, 1928. 19. October 16, 1916. 47. January 1, 1928. 20. January 16, 1917. 48. January 1, 1922. 21. September 5, 1919. 49. January 1, 1928. 22. December 1, 1918. 50. October 16, 1928. 23. September 26, 1921. 51. August 25, 1929. 24. August 27, 1919. 52. October 27, 1928. 25. June 1, 1922. 53. September 1. 1929. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The locks and dams were operated as required and the necessary repairs made thereto and to the appurtenant structures. The more important repairs and replacements were as follows: Emsworth and Dashield's Dams and Dams Nos. 3 to 11, inclusive (Pittsburgh district).-At Emsworth Lock and Dam repairs were made to the lock gates and machinery. A new water turbine was installed and a new flexible coup- ling on air compressors; 16 snubbing posts were set on lock and guide walls and new supports placed under storage house floor. To arrest scour 500 tons of large derrick stone were placed below the main channel dam. The small force at Depot, Lock No. 2, made important repairs to the steamers Pennova and George S. Nutt and other floating plant; and repaired operating machin- ery and power plants at the several locks on the Allegheny and Ohio Rivers. The force completed the installation of power plant, operating machinery, esplanade paving, etc., at Dashield's Lock, and partially installed the power plant and operating machinery, etc., at Lock No. 7, Allegheny River. Under contract a brick garage was completed and the old garage moved and remod- elled as an oil storage house. At Dam No. 3 operations ceased with the near completion of Dashield's Dam in November, 1929. At Dashield's Dam the 56-foot lock with a low upper sill was ready for commerce at the beginning of the fiscal year. When the Dashield's pool had been raised sufficiently lock- 1Prior to date stated these works were operated a.nd maintained between 1874 and 1882 from funds derived from tolls, rents, etc. 1322 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 ages shifted from the 56-foot to the 110-foot chamber, both locks' thereafter being operated until the close of the year. At Lock No. 4, 8 wicket units were reinstalled; the upper lock gate track was repaired, and the upper stone pierhead on river wall reset. Lock valves were repaired and 15 snubbing posts were set on lock and guide walls. At Lock No. 5, 57 wicket units were repaired and reinstalled, lock valves repaired, and upper and lower gates and gate tracks repaired. On lower end of river wall the stone pierhead was removed, heavy steel anchorage beams sunk into the wall above and below the lock gate and tied with heavy rods and turnbuckles. Ten snubbing posts were set on the lock and guide walls. At Lock No. 6 a new water pump was installed, bear-trap valves repinned, heating plant boiler retubed, one wicket unit reinstalled and 14 snubbing posts set on lock and guide wall, and operat- ing machinery repaired. At Dam No. 7, a capstan engine was installed on maneuver boat and repairs made to turbine air compressors, pipe lines, maneu- ver boat and power house boiler. New wheels were installed on lower side of both lock gates and new facing of lock walls completed. Gravel was removed under one bear trap, deteriorated lower leaf buckle plates renewed, and two wicket units were reinstalled. At Dam No. 8 the capstan engine on maneuver boat and the power plant were repaired and repairs made to maneuver boat machinery, upper lock gate and Chanoine wickets of dam. New wheels were installed on lower lock gate. On lower side of bear-trap weirs 250 tons of large derrick stone were deposited. At Dam No. 9 the turbine and turbine air compressor and lower lock gate were repaired, new facing of both lock walls was completed, and one wicket unit was installed. At Lock No. 10 the lock valve, pump and gate engines were repaired, deposits underneath bear- trap removed and 20 deteriorated buckle plates on lower leaf renewed. The facing and armoring of lock wall faces was 90 per cent completed. At Lock No. 11 new stems in valves and new lower wheels on the gate were installed. A needle barge was repaired. Looks and Dams Nos. 12 to 82 (Huntington district).-At Dam No. 12, re- pairs were made to lock valves and concrete paving in the lock esplanade re- placed. At Dam No. 13, the fastenings of the stems to the blades for six of the filling valves of the lock were renewed. A new roof was installed on the shop building. At Dam No. 14, three pass wickets were reset, two pass horses straightened, paving in the esplanade and concrete in the lock walls was re- placed. Deposits were removed from the air compartments in the lower leaves and from under the leaves of both bear traps, and the leaves repaired. At Dam No. 15, new wheels, eye bars, and pins were placed on the downstream side of the lock gates, and repairs made to the water seals over the gate axles, and lock valves repaired. Eight new wickets were installed in the pass and the concrete paving in the lock esplanade was replaced. At Dam No. 16, all the filling and emptying valves in the lock were repaired. At Dam No. 17, 174 pass wickets were removed and all new bolts for the wicket boxes and 116 new cushion blocks were installed and 6 horses and 3 props were straightened. Deposit was removed from lock chamber, and along the upper and lower guide walls of the lock. The fastening of the stems to the blades of 15 of the lock- filling valves were repaired. At Dam No. 18, concrete was replaced on the lock and guide walls and one new pass wicket, and five horses and props were installed in the navigable pass. At Dam No. 19, concrete paving in the lock esplanade was repaired. At Dam No. 20, 30 pass wickets were reset. Deposit was removed from the lock esplanade, engine pits, lock gates, jack trenches, river-wall powerhouse and lock walls. At Dam No. 21, all the lock valves were repaired. Deposits were removed from the lock at the upper and lower gates and along the lower guide wall. Repairs were made to 26 of the Bebout weir wickets and to 72 of the Chanoine pass wickets. At Dam No. 22, 148 of the pass wickets and 28 horse boxes were reset, and 36 new cushion blocks, and two of the Bebout weir wickets were replaced. About 1,550 feet of 2-inch pipe were laid for gas supply for the lock-keepers' houses. The maneuver boat was docked and completely overhauled. At Dam No. 23, 7 new horses and props and 1 wicket were installed in the weir, and 1 new horse and prop were in- stalled in the navigable pass. The maneuver boat was docked and completely overhauled. At Dam No. 24 pass wickets were repaired and repairs were made to the concrete paving in the lock esplanade. At Dam No. 25, six of the Bebout weir wickets were repaired, deposits removed from around lock gates and earth fill was placed on the slope in front of powerhouse. One of the RIVERS AND HARBORS--OHIO RIVER LOCKS AND DAMS 1323 mitering lock gates was lifted with a wedge jack and the lower pintle replaced in proper position. At Dam No. 26, a new wicket was placed and six horse boxes were reset in the navigable pass. The downstream rails of both gate tracks were renewed; the gates repaired and painted and the lock valves re- paired. Deposits were removed from the gate recesses and the lock chamber. At Dam No. 27 the bear trap was unwatered and repaired, deposits removed from the air compartments in the lower leaf and some concrete cut from the faces of the piers and refaced to provide better clearance. A new bearing casting was set for the operating sector for the downstream mitering gate on the river wall, and deposits were removed from around the lower lock gates. At Dam No. 28 both of the bear traps were unwatered and deposit removed from the air compartments in the lower leaves and from under the leaves, and the bear traps repaired. All the wicket-box bolts in 171 wickets were renewed and the horse boxes for seven wickets in the pass were reset. New wheels were installed on downstream sides of both lock gates, repairs made to the lock valves and deposits removed from gate recesses. At Dam No. 29 both bear traps were unwatered, deposits were removed from the air compartments in the lower leaves and from under the leaves, and the bear traps and valves repaired. An opening in the wall between the two tunnels in Pier No. 2 was closed with reinforced concrete. Two wickets were replaced in the navigable pass. Two hundred feet of 2-inch gas pipe line from main line to lockhouses were replaced. At Dam No. 30 the lock chamber was unwatered, the gates were repaired and painted and the lock valves repaired. Deposits were re- moved from the lock chamber and gate recesses. Thirty horses and props were installed in Bebout wicket weir, and 95 pass wickets overhauled. At Dam No. 31 the lock chamber was unwatered, the gate tracks were entirely recon- structed, the gates were repaired and painted, and provision made for new steel bulkheads at the ends of the gate recesses. The lock valves were repaired and deposits removed from the lock chamber. Bear Trap No. 2 was un- watered, deposits removed and the leaves repaired. At Dam No. 32 earth fill was replaced back of the lock esplanade where eroded during high water and eight lock valves repaired. Locks and Dams Nos. 83 to 39 (Oincinnati district).- At Dam No. 33 the lock valves were repaired, new sector bearing was installed on lower gate, and minor repairs to wickets were made. Foundation and basement were placed under one temporary dwelling. Stone riprap protection was placed on bank at back of lock esplanade. At Dam No. 34 the incline roadway to the esplanade was sur- faced with concrete, basements were placed under two dwellings, and one valve in lock wall was repaired. At Dam No. 35 the upper and lower gates were unwatered, all gate tracks were renewed, and all lock valves were repaired. Heating plants in the four dwellings were repaired. Mud deposits was removed from Bear Trap No. 2. At Dam No. 36 repairs were made to the outer wall of the lock chamber to stop leak under the wall by driving steel piling and repairing concrete floor in the lock chamber. At Dam No. 37 Bear Traps Nos. 2 and 3 were unwatered and repaired, and all deposits under the leaves re- moved. Repairs were made to bear-trap valves and operating mechanism. Three new wheels were placed on the lower gate. The accumulation of materials for new wickets was in progress. At Dam No. 38 stone riprap protection was placed on bank slope at the esplanade. Roadway extension was made to accom- modate the new dwellings erected on the reservation. At Dam No. 39 the lower guide wall was raised 2 feet to provide additional protection to boats entering the locks. An extension was made to the garage for housing vehicles on the reservation. Looks and Dams Nos. 41, 48-53, inclusive, and Louisville and Portland Canal (Louisville distriet).-Spare sections of lock gates to replace any set of lock gates on the Ohio River except those at Emsworth Dam and Lock No. 41, pur- chased and delivered at the locks at the Louisville and Portland Canal prior to July 30, 1929, were assembled, fitted together in all possible combinations, and painted. The sections for the Louisville district were stored on a barge and the remainder on the bank convenient for loading. At Louisville and Portland Canal (No. 41) deposits were removed from the lock chamber approaches and silt and undergrowth from both slopes of the canal. Fitting of pipe for auxil- iary Lock No. 41 and the docking and painting of the A-frame hoist No. 312 and the dredge Colonel M. B. Adams was done at the general repair station. Minor repairs were made to the cnnal dredging plant. At Lock No. 43 extensive repairs 1324 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 were made to the river wall valves and Chanoine wickets, 60 Bebout wickets being replaced. A new boiler and engine were installed on maneuver boat No. 92 and a new light cable installed at the lock. At Lock No. 44 a new boiler and lighting system was installed on maneuver boat No. 252; repairs made to 54 Chanoine wickets and deposits removed from the lock chamber. At Lock No. 45 the usual work of improving the appearance of the reservation, operating the lock and dam, and maintenance of plant, machinery, buildings, and grounds was carried on. At Lock No. 46 the work consisted of the usual operation of lock and dam, maintenance of buildings, plant, machinery, roads, and grounds, and removal of deposits from the lock and approaches. At Lock No. 47 minor repairs were made to the Chanoine wickets, maneuver boat, lock, power-house machinery, and river-wall machinery, roads, grounds, and buildings, and de- posits were removed from the lock chamber and approaches. At Lock No. 48, 76 Bebout wickets were replaced and a new boiler and engine installed on maneuver boat No. 105 and fill placed for warehouse foundation. At Lock No. 49 repairs were made to 75 Chanoine weir wickets and 12 pass wickets and deposits were dredged from the lock approaches. At Lock No. 50 considerable work was done toward improving the roads and grounds. The work included grading and draining the grounds, removal of gravel and rubbish, and placing rich soil and fertilizer. Lock No. 51 was first placed in operation August 25, 1929. The lock and dam were operated and the entire system maintained in good operating condition. Dam No.. 52 was raised at the beginning of the low-water season on July 25, 1929, and continued in operation until October 9, 1929, when a section of the stone crib below the navigable pass was scoured out, making it necessary to lower the dam. The placing of derrick stone to protect the toe of the dam was started promptly and the dam was in condition to be put in operation on October 25, 1929, had the river stage permitted. The dam was again raised at the beginning of the low-water season on May 28, 1930, and continued in operation. Lock and Dam No. 53 was first put in operation Sep- tember 1, 1929, and was in operation thereafter 72 days, being closed on account of high water 236 days. The total costs for operating and care during the fiscal year amounted to $2,181,261.38; the total expenditures were $2,273,100.30, of which $2,232,084.21 was allotted from the permanent indefinite appropriation and $41,016.09 allotted from special funds. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The entire system comprising 50 locks and dams is practically completed and all of the structures were in operation. The dams, when raised, provide a 9-foot depth throughout the entire length of the river except at various localities where bars or gravel deposits exist. These are being or will be dredged to provide the full project depth; if necessary, contraction works will be constructed. The structures were all in good condition except Nos. 4 and 5, which are much deteriorated and require continual maintenance and repairs. Investigation and surveys are in progress with a view to replacing these structures, and possibly No. 6, with one new fixed dam. The total cost for operation and maintenance at the close of the fiscal year was $23,930,260.29. Total expenditures were $24,676,451.64, of which $23,561,871.45 was allotted from the permanent indefinite appropriation and $1,114,580.19 was derived from other sources. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams and canal will be oper- ated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-Commercialstatistics for the river will be found in report on improvement of Ohio River by construction of locks and dams. RIVERS AND HARBORS-OHIO RIVER LOCKS AND DAMS 1325 Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ $23, 930, 260. 29 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930.--------- 860, 006. 28 Net total cost to June 30, 1930__--------------------- 24, 790, 266. 57 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930__--------------------- 43, 625. 45 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930_ ------------------ 24, 833, 892. 02 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 __------------------- 157, 440. 38 --- Net total expenditures_____ ------------------- 24, 676, 451. 64 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930__-___----------- 630, 254. 05 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 25, 306, 705. 69 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of Cost of new nwork..... new work--_ - - ......................... - - - - - - ............... - - - - .............. - - ........... --------------- Cost of maintenance_--------------- -------------- _------------.--.... --.. $2, 181, 261.38 Total expended...........----------------.....$1, 744, 611. 64 $1,716, 533. 12 $1,978, 828. 19 $2, 063, 414. 07 2, 273, 100. 30 Allotted .... ... .... _ ...... _._ 1, 672, 000. 00 1,707, 000. 00 1, 855, 780. 00 2,192, 300.00 2, 459, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------------$444, 354. 35 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909- -------------------- 2, 494, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for__-_ 938, 354. 35 2---------------_, Deductions on account of revocation of allotment -- ------- 35, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for -------------------- 2, 903, 354. 35 Gross amount expended___------------___- $2, 286, 166. 61 Less receipts from sales___-- -------- 13, 066. 31 2, 273, 100. 30 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 630, 254. 05 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ------------- 275, 604. 39 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts--------. 75, 639. 88 351, 244. 27 Balance available June 30, 1930_--- ------------- 279, 009. 78 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 43, 625. 45 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930____-----_ __ 322, 635.23 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931----1 ------------------- 2,400, 000.00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931---------------------- 2, 722, 635. 23 3. OPEN-CHANNEL WORK, OHIO RIVER All open-channel work on the Ohio River prior to January 5, 1929, has been carried on under the Cincinnati district. On that date, this work was placed in charge of the district engineer in whose district the work is located. Information as to the limits of the four districts on the Ohio River, as well as the district engineers in charge thereof, is contained on page 1308. SExpenditures of previous years reduced by $18,431.92 receipts from sales for period 1919 to 1927. 1326 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Location, description, and original condition.-For information relative to the location, description, and original condition of this stream see page 1309 of this report relating to the improvement of the Ohio River by the construction of locks and dams. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-The project adopted by the act of March 3, 1827, originally covered the entire length of the Ohio River from its mouth near Cairo to Pittsburgh, a distance of 981 miles. With the completion of the canalization project, the work under the project for open-channel work consists mainly of removing obstructive bars and widening and deepening the channel at the upper ends of pools where necessary, in order that the full project depth of 9 feet con- templated by the canalization project may be obtained. After this depth has been obtained, it is anticipated that periodic dredging will be required at some localities in order to maintain such depth. In addition, an effort will be made to obtain and maintain this depth on that section of the river below Lock and Dam No. 53 by open- channel work. Under the project for open-channel work no project depth had been fixed by Congress, but it was found necessary, to properly aid packet and barge navigation, prior to completion of the canalization project, to secure a low-water channel having a minimum depth of from 4 to 6 feet and a width, according to the difficulty of running the channel, of from 400 to 600 feet; and to permit the movement of large coal tows, which movement occurs at stages of water exceeding 10 feet, it has been found necessary to remove the points of projecting bars which form at various points along the river but mainly at the mouths of creeks and other tributaries. The accomplishment of this twofold purpose has involved the concentration of current by closing back channels at islands with low dams, the contraction and straight- ening of wide, open channels by low dikes, the dredging of bars and shoals, and the removal of snags and wrecks. The river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, authorized the construction of ice piers as a part of the project for open-channel work, these piers to be constructed with funds allotted from the appropriations for general open-channel work. (H. Doc. No. 187. 67th Cong., 2d sess.) The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, authorized re- forestation of the sloughs on Kentucky Peninsula near Evansville, Ind., and a 200-foot strip along the upstream bank and for bank pro- tection at an estimated cost of $200,000 (H. Doc. No. 409, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). This document contains a map of the locality. The extreme range of river stages varies from 32.9 feet at Pitts- burgh, Pa,, to 69.2 feet at Cincinnati, Ohio, with 46.7 feet at Louis- ville, Ky. (head of the falls), 48.1 feet at Evansville, Ind., and 56.2 feet at Cairo, Ill. (mouth of the river). Incidental to the direct improvement of the Ohio is the mainte- nance of existing works, including dikes, dams, and ice piers; also harbor'lines below mouth of Big Sandy River. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, authorizing the construction of ice piers as a part of the project for general open-channel work, imposes the condition that RIVERS AND HARBORS--OHIO RIVER LOCKS AND DAMS 1327 before work is begun on any ice pier, local interests convey to the United States free of cost such riparian rights as may be deemed necessary in connection with the improvement at the locality. The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, authorizing the reforestation of the sloughs on Kentucky Peninsula near Evansville, Ind., and a 200-foot strip along the upstream bank and for bank pro- tection, provides that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for the acquiring of any lands required for the purpose of this improvement. Terminal facilities.-A complete report on water terminal facili- ties on the Ohio River from Pittsburgh to Cairo as they existed in 1918 is contained in House Document No. 652, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session. (Also see p. 1314 of Report on Construction of Locks and Dams, Ohio River.) Effect of improvement.-The improvements thus far made and maintained have made navigation safer, easier, and more regular; as transportation by river has become more dependable, interest has been stimulated in the revival of such commerce on a large scale. (Further information is given on p. 1315 of Report on Construction of Locks and Dams, Ohio River.) Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work accomplished during the year was as follows: Pittsburgh district.-Dredgingoperations were continued during the summer and fall of 1929 with U. S. dipper dredges Nos. i and 3 and Ohio, and during the spring and summer of 1930 with dredges Ohio and Oswego. The amount of dredged materials removed was 309,850 cubic yards. The cost was $111,574.57; the amount expended was $152,656.75, all for new work. Huntington district.-Dredging where required to provide a channel of the project depth and minimum width of 250 feet was carried on during part or all of the working season in 21 localities by the U. S. pipe-line dredge Indiana and the U. S. dipper dredges Ohio, Oswego, Cincinnati, and Colonel M. B. Adams. The quantity of material dredged was 844,073 cubic yards. The cost was $209,- 438.38; the amount expended was $399,229.80, all for new work. Cincinnati district.-Dredging operations were carried on by the pipe-line dredges C. B. Harris,Major J. C. Mallery, and Indiana and the dipper dredge Marietta. The amount of material dredged was 1,211,646 cubic yards. The cost was $512,789.78; the amount expended was $493,686.19, all for new work. Louisville distriot.-Open-channelimprovement within the limits of the district by dredging by Government plant with hired labor was continued in order to procure or maintain a 9-foot navigable depth through the Louisville and Portland Canal (the upper approach to Lock No. 41), and through various bars just below several of the dams. The total excavation made during the year was 221,622 cubic yards in the Louisville and Portland Canal, most of it being deposit, and 5,112,660 cubic yards through the bars. A dike at the mouth of Puppy Creek was removed and the stone (32,770 cubic yards) was used for revetting the bank of the river below the abutment of Dam No. 49. For making the above excava- tion four pipe-line dredges and from two to five dipper and bucket dredges wvere in use throughout most of the dredging season. Construction of a dredge depot at Paducah was continued during the year. The cost was $775,812.98 for new work and $28,034.98 for maintenance, a total of $803,847.96; the amount expended was $836,972.41. Plant.-The construction work on locks and dams being prac- tically complete the plant is engaged principally in procuring and maintaining the project depth of 9 feet. During the year repairs were made to several items of plant, in- cluding the dredge Lake Charles by contract. Contract was en- tered into for the construction of a floating A-frame hoist at a cost of $75,400, and the work is 21 per cent complete. 11714--ENG 1930---84 1328 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The dredge H. S. Taber was transferred from the Memphis dis- trict and the dredge Northern from the Nashville district. The dredge Virginia was transferred to the Chattanooga district and the dredge Adams to the Huntington, district. There were no charges to permanent costs as all costs incurred under this allotment are carried as deferred items until reimbursed or liquidated by sales, transfers, rentals, etc. The item of $47,942.74, reported as perma- nent costs in 1929, was changed back to a deferred charge during the year. The expenditures were $307,473.68. The cost during the year was $1,562,572.97 for new work and $28,034.98 for maintenance; the amount expended was $2,190,469.31. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Owing to the fact that a part of the work to be done is the removal of deposits that form annually and that recent surveys of all bars are not yet available, no reliable estimate can be made as to what proportion of the work is completed. Dredges were operated throughout the year with a view to providing a channel 9 feet deep and at least 250 feet wide at pool stages through the most obstructive bars. In general this channel was maintained although at a few critical points, especially in the lower river, the full project depths could not be maintained for short periods during the low-water season. The cost of work amounted to $12,404,092.08 of which $7,895,698.88 was for new work and $4,508,393.20 was for maintenance. The amount expended was $16,365,144.87, of which $7,955.29 was for flood- relief work on the Mississippi River. Proposedoperations.-With the funds unexpended on July 1, 1930 ($1,892,538.29), it is proposed to continue dredging operations with seven dipper dredges and five pipe-line dredges during the working season, as follows: General administration------------------ $65, .00. 00 Dredging ------------------------ 1, 350, 000. 00 Contingencies - ------------------------------------------- 80, 000. 00 Surveys and channel marking ------------------------------- 150, 000.00 Stabilization and contraction of channels__-___-__- __-- - ____ 177, 538. 29 Closing back channel, Wabash Island__-- ---------- _ 70, 000. 00 1, 892, 538. 29 The sum of $2,100,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Dredging--estimated at 5,800,000 cubic yards_....__-------- $1,285, 000 Administration and surveys--- -------------------------- 150, 000 Siding -river rail terminal, one storehouse at Dam 37------------- 95, 000 Stabilization and contraction of channels- ------- -------- -_ 570, 000 2, 100, 000 Commercial statistics.-For information relative to commercial statistics see report relating to the improvement of the Ohio River by the construction of locks and dams. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------$7, 895, 698. 88 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__----------------------- 4, 508, 393.20 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------- 12, 404, 092. 08 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930-..------- 3, 805,018. 01 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ----------------- 16, 209, 110. 09 RIVERS AND HARBORS-OHIO RIVER LOCKS AND DAMS 1329 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930-- ---------------------- $536, 854. 86 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 --------------------- 16, 745, 964.95 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930___--------------------- 380, 820. 08 Net total expenditures__--__------- _------ _ 116, 365, 144.87 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 1, 892, 538. 29 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------- 18, 257, 683. 16 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 192 8 1929 1930 ........-------------- Cost of new work------ $352, 804. 50 $413, 402. 33 $532, 789. 97 $1, 562, 572. 97 Cost of maintenance-... __ ---. $364, 626.62 . 28, 034. 98 Total cost...........------ 364, 626. 62 352, 804. 50 413, 402. 33 532, 789. 97 1, 590, 607. 95 Total expended...---------------- 364, 626. 62 352, 804. 50 410, 134. 95 606, 939. 13 2,190,469.31 Allotted----------------------- 314, 587. 67 400, 000. 00 390, 000. 00 1, 585, 500. 00 2, 367,572.13 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 3------------------ $1, 715, 435. 47 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved: Feb. 23, 1927-------------------------------$267, 473. 68 Mar. 23, 1'928-------------------- ----------- 260, 000. 00 I May 28, 1930------------------------------1, 677, 467. 04 Feb. 28, 1929---------- ---------------------- 569, 773. 45 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930____._________________---_____-___ 143, 500. 00 2, 918, 214. 17 Amount to be accounted for_ _--_-- 4, 633, 649. 64 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-------- ----- 550, 642. 04 Net amount to be accounted for__________________--- 4, 083, 007. 60 Gross amount expended_----------------------- 2, 598; 950. 65 Less receipts from sales-----___-__ -____--__ 408, 481. 34 2, 190, 469. 31 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ----------------- 1, 892, 538. 29 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_______-- __ 484, 696. 93 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts------- 110, 129. 80 594, 826. 73 Balance available June 30, 1930-----------..-------------- 1, 297, 711.56 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ---, ---------------- 536, 854. 86 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930------------ 1, 834, 566. 42 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion -- of existing project ' __ --____________ -- __ - --__________ ___ 200, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work ------------------------------------------ 570, 000. 00 For maintenance ' ------------------------- ------------- 1, 530, 000.00 Total ----------------------------------------------- 2, 100, 000. 00 1 Expenditures increased $1,163,422.79 due to transfer of plant from lock and dam construction, Ohio River. 2 Increased $1,610.000 by transfer of plant from locks and dams, Ohio River. 8 Increased $446,577.21 due to transfer of allotment for plant from locks and dams con- struction, Ohio River. 5 ' Exclusive of available funds. For reforestation work near Evansville, Ind. 1330 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY 1930 4. OPERATING SNAG BOATS ON THE OHIO RIVER BELOW THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE' LINE The improvement for which report is made under this caption is an outgrowth of the project for improving Ohio River (general improvement) for which report is made on page 1325 of this report, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The cost of removing snags, wrecks, and other obstructions on the Ohio River was borne by the appropriation for general improvement until 1890, when the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, authorized an annual expenditure of not to exceed $25,000 for remov- ing snags, wrecks, and other obstructions in the Ohio River. This amount was increased to $50,000 by section 3 of the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896. (See map following p. 2548, Annual Report for 1913.) Recommended 'modificationsof project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Effect of improvement.-The benefits accruing from this work to river commerce are plainly shown by the yearly reports of obstruc- tions removed, which obstructions, if permitted to remain, would make navigation highly dangerous at ordinary stages and hazardous at any time. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The light-draft snagging plant Iroquois and Mingo operated from the Pennsylvania State line to Cairo, Ill., removing snags, wrecks, and other obstruc- tions from the channel. The two units of plant were employed together from July 1, 1929, until December 10, 1929, at which time the plant went into repair status for overhauling. Repairs were completed and operations resumed on April 23, 1930. Snagging work was continued during all periods of the year except when the stages of the river were too high for efficient work. During the period the following obstructions were removed from the channel: 253 snags, 78 wrecks, 46,460 tons of stone, 575 tons silt and drift, and 165 tons of drift. The amount expended for this work was $45,792.35 by day labor. Cost of work was $37,052.13. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Owing to natural causes snags are continuously being deposited in the river and wrecks are of fre- quent occurrence, rendering continuous work necessary to provide an unobstructed channel for navigation. No statement can be made of the proportion of the work accomplished. The operation of the plant provided a reasonable clear channel at the end of the fiscal year and the existing plant is sufficient to take care of the new work as it arises. The total amount expended to the end of the fiscal year was $1,461,548.78, of which sum $6,877.74 was for flood-relief work on the Mississippi River. Proposed operations.-Funds for carrying on operations under this project are provided for by the permanent annual appropriation authorized by act of June 3, 1896. The annual allotment of $50,000 is not sufficient to keep the plant in operation for the entire season at present prices of labor, fuel, and supplies. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PITTSBURGH, PA., DISTRICT 1331 Commercial statistics.--See report relating to the improvement of the Ohio River by the construction of locks and dams. Cost and finanoial smmary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 _-_....-------- - $1, 452, 808. 56 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930----------- 1, 125. 02 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 _.----. ___- - --- 1, 453, 933. 58 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930---- ----..----------- - 8, 032. 72 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930- ----------------- 1, 461, 966. 30 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 __------------------- 417. 52 Net total expenditures '.. - - - - - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - __ _ 1, 461, 548. 78 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---- .......----------- ------- 16, 472. 27 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-__-------. 1, 478, 021.05 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work . - .--. - . - .- -. - .- . . . . _- ............... Cost of maintenance------------------- $47,263.35 '$46,162.01 $38,262.43 $54,100.01 $37, 052.13 Total expended............................ 47,263. 35 146, 162.01 35, 121..52 57, 240. 92 45, 792. 35 Allotted --------------------------------- 50, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 50, 000.00 50, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------ - $12, 455. 83 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 3, 1896 ----------------------------------- -- 50, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for__ ___------------------- 62, 455. 83 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment_ --- - 191. 21 Net amount to be accounted for____-- 2, 264. 62 6-------_ Gross amount expended--------__------- $45, 852.35 Less receipts from sales-------- .... -- ----.---. 60. 00 45, 792. 35 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 16, 472. 27 - Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930___- ----- - ------- 417. 52 Balance available June 30, 1930,--1---------------------- 6, 054. 75 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930__---_----------------------_ __8, 032. 72 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930-_-- --- _-- 24, 087.47 IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE PITTSBURGH, PA., DISTRICT This district includes the watershed of the Ohio River above Beach Bottom Run, 3.5 miles below Wellsburg, W. Va. The rivers included in this district are the Monongahela, Pa. and W. Va., the Allegheny, Pa. and N. Y., Youog heny River, Pa., tributaries not now under improvement, and the upper Ohio for 77.5 miles below its head at Pittsburgh, Pa.2 District engineer: Lieut. Col. Jarvis J. Bain, Corps of Engineers. 1 $6,877.74 was for flood-relief work on Mississippi River. 2 Includes Dams Nos. 1 to 13, inclusive, effective July 1, 1930. 1332 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19:30 Division engineer: Central division, Col. H. B. Ferguson, Corps of Engineers, to October 10, 1929; upper Mississippi Valley division, Lieut. Col. George R. Spalding, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Monongahela River, Pa. and 6. Ohio River above Beach Bot- W. Va_______________-1332 tom Run, W. Va., construc- 2. Operating and care of locks tion of locks and dams--- 1309 and dams, Monongahela 7. Operating and care of locks River, Pa. and W. Va- .. 1337 and dams at Emworth 3. Allegheny River, Pa., open- and IDashields, and Nos. channel work-__--------- 1339 4 to 11, inclusive, Ohio 4. Allegheny River, Pa., con- __ River __________------ 1321 struction of locks and 8. Ohio River, open-channel dams1------------------- 342 work --__----------------- 1325 5. Operating and care of locks 9. Youghiogheny River, Pa_ __ 1349 and dams, Allegheny River, 10. Examinations, surveys, and Pa __-----_ 1347 contingencies (general) __ 1352 1. MONONGAHELA RIVER, PA. AND W. VA. Location and description.-The Monongahela River is formed by the junction of the Tygarts Valley and West Fork Rivers, about 1 mile south of Fairmont, W. Va., and flows in a northerly direction 128 miles to its junction with the Allegheny River, forming the Ohio River at Pittsburgh, Pa. The drainage area is about 7,390 square miles. The discharge varies from 160 to 200,000 second-feet. The current is rapid. The width of the river varies from 420 feet at its head to 900 feet at Pittsburgh. From Fairmont to Lock No. 7 the fall averages 2.1 feet per mile, and from Lock No. 7 to the mouth 0.7 foot per mile. The extreme flood oscillation is about 35 feet at Pitts- burgh. Low-water conditions prevail from June to September. (See U. S. Geological Survey charts for Pennsylvania and West Virginia.) Original condition.-Prior to 1840 the river was navigable for steamboats at high stages only as far as Brownsville, Pa., 56 miles above the mouth. Light-draft flats and rafts could be floated down- stream at a low-water depth of 12 inches for the entire length of the river. Previous projects.-The original project for Monongahela River, Pa. and W. Va., was adopted by the act of June 10, 1872, and ex- tended by the acts of June 3, 1896, and June 4, 1897. Under these projects, all completed, the cost and expenditures were $5,420,540.52 for new work and $741.66 for maintenance, a total of $5,421,282.18. For further details of previous projects see page 1910 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the improvement of the river by 14 locks and dams to afford slack-water navigation from Pitts- burgh, Pa., to 4 miles above Fairmont, W. Va., a distance of 131 miles. Original Locks Nos. 1 to 7, inclusive, were built by the Mo- nongahela Navigation Co. and acquired by the United States in 1897, and Locks 8 to 15, inclusive, were built by the United States prior to 1904. Locks 7, 8, and 9 are replaced by new Locks 7 and 8. In- creased traffic necessitated an enlargement and improvement of the RIVERS AND HARBORS--PITTSBURGH, PA., DISTRICT 1333 locks and dams between Pittsburgh and Rices Landing, Pa. In rebuilding the locks and dams from Nos. 1 to 6 the adopted standard was two parallel chambers each 56 by 360 feet, with 8 feet depth on sills and fixed concrete dams. New Locks Nos. 7 and 8 are single chambers 56 by 360 feet. The project includes the building of Locks 10 to 15, inclusive, single locks 56 by 182 feet, with 7 feet depth on sills, and fixed concrete dams, which are still adequate for the present traffic. The channel width varies from 125 feet in Pool No. 15 to 500 feet in Pool No. 1. The existing project was authorized as follows: Enlargement and improvement of Lock and Dam No. 6, additional works at Lock No. 3, and for new repair steamer and new dredge boat with equipment, by the act of March 3, 1899, at an estimated cost of $185,556 (see Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1897, pp. 2423-2424); also acquisition of land and additional im- provements at Nos. 5 and 6, authorized by the act of March 3, 1905, at a cost of $7,850 (see Annual Report for 1904, p. 460). Rebuilding of Lock and Dam No. 2, by the act of June 13, 1902, " in accordance with the report submitted by the engineer in charge, dated February 4, 1902 " (not printed), at an estimated cost of $655,961; estimate increased in 1910 to $698,961 (see Annual Report for 1909, p. 1756). Rebuilding of Lock and Dam No. 3, by the act of March 3, 1905, at an estimated cost of $589,196 (see H. Doc. No. 209, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). Reconstruction of Lock and Dam No. 5, by the act of March 2, 1907, at an estimated cost of $756,042 (see H. Doc. No. 209, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). Reconstruction of Lock and Dam No. 6, by the act of March 4, 1913, at an estimated cost of $356,400 (see H. Doc. No. 1217, 62d Cong., 3d sess.); estimate increased in 1916 to $418,860. Additional improvements by the act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 288, 67th Cong., 2d sess.), at estimated costs as follows: Guide walls and guard walls, Nos. 1 to 6------------ $1,255, 130 Lengthening land chamber of Lock No. 3 to 720 feet------------- 787, 722 New chamber (360 feet long), Lock No. 4------------------------699, 786 Lock and Dam No. 7----------------------1,161,241 Lock and Dam No. 8-------------------------------------- 1, 165, 758 Lock and Dam No. 7 (second chamber) ------------ ----- 419, 126 Lack and Dam No. 8 (second chamber) ----------------------- 504, 465 Reconstruction of Dam No. 4--------------------------------397, 211 Marine ways, repair plant, office, and warehouse--------- 250, 000 Total------------------------ ----------------- 6, 640, 439 The act of July 3, 1930, modified the existing project so as to provide for the construction of new locks and dam about 21/2 miles below the existing structure, at an estimated cost of $2,175,000, in lieu of the work authorized at old Lock and Dam No. 4. (R. and H. Com.Doc. No. 22, 70th Cong., 2d sess.) The total estimated cost of new work, revised in 1930, is $12,500,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. 1334 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Locks and dams, Monongahela River, Pa. and W. Va. Depths on miter Location Dimensions sills at normal Character of foundation pool level Lift at No. normal lWidth Avail- pool Miles able level above Nearest town chaof length Lower Upper Lock Dam mouth am- for full ber width Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet 1 1.9 Pittsburgh, Pa........ 156 360 7.4 10.0 11.8 Rock...... Rock and gravel. 2 11.2 Braddock, Pa........ -_1 56 362 7. 9 11. 1 11. 1 Gravel.... Gravel. 3 23.8 Elizabeth, Pa........... 156 720 8.7 11.2 11.7 Rock.. _ Do. 84 38. 4 Donora, Pa...........-------------.. 56 36720 8.8 10.9 12.7 Gravel Do. 4 40. 9 North Charleroi, Pa.... 1 56 360 8. 8 12. 4 9.2 -..do-........ Do. 5 56. 5 Brownsville, Pa--........56 360 14. 2 9. 1 11.5 Rock-.... Do. 6 68.3 Rices Landing, Pa....__ 156 360 9. 8 10. 5 11.3 ... do....... Rock and gravel. 7 84. 8 Greensboro, Pa---------......... 56 360 15. 0 10. 0 10. 0 Rock and Rock and fire clay. fire clay. 8 90. 6 Point Marion, Pa...... 56 360 15. 0 10. 0 10.0 ... do....... Do. 10 101. 5 Morgantown, W. Va... 56 182 11.2 7. 4 7.0 _.,do....... Do. 11 104. 1 Uffington, W. Va....... 56 182 10.7 7.0 7. 0 __do-....... Do. 12 109. 1 Little Falls, W. Va..... 56 182 10. 7 7.0 7. 0 --.. do_.... Do. 13 111.6 -. do-..---------- - 56 182 10.7 7.0 7.0 __.do-......Do. 14 115.0 Lowsville, W. Va--------56 182 10.7 7.0 7. 0 _.do...-. Do. 15 124.2 Hoult, W. Va........--56 182 10. 7 7.0 7. 0 ...do.......Do. Type of construction Percent- Year of age of o Estimated or No. damof Kind comple- compe- actual cost Lock Dam tion 1 Fixed....... Concrete............. Timber and concrete.. 2 ..... do....-........do................ Concrete ------------------ 71 100 1927 -........ $702,145.00 905, 098. 44 3 ..... ---.....do..----------- ----- do......--------------------98 do------....... ....... 1,513, 741.89 84 ..... do....... ..... do. ... ..... do ------- ........ 2,175, 000. 00 4 ..... ---..... do------....... Timber ----------- --------........ do-------------................ 37 780, 816. 00 5 ..... do...... - .___.do................ Concrete.---__----------- 100 1927 1, 074, 812. 00 6 -..... ..... do....... do................ Timber and concrete...... 99 .. 638, 816. 59 27 ..... do.......-.....do-------------................ Concrete------------------ 98 ........ 2,622,750. 00 8 --------------------- do............do------------.............---....... do. ........ 2, 082, 965. 88 99-------- 10 ..... -------------------- do------.......---.....do------------..................do. 100 1903 210, 444. 64 11 ..... do------.......---.....do...---------------- do.... -------------------- 100 1903 227, 668. 41 12 .....- do...---------------- do.....---- do------............ --------------- 100 1904 200, 550. 35 13 .....- ------------ do---.. do-------do........... do-------------------- 100 1904 190, 690. 51 14 ..... -------------------- do----............do---------------.....................do 100 1904 210, 126.87 15 .-..do ............ do .....................do..... 100 1904 175, 828.52 1 Two chambers. 2 Practically completed. 8 Partial reconstruction, enlargement, or extension, estimated cost. 4Estimated. 8 Authorized new locks and dam. Marine ways, etc.------------ ------------------ $250, 000. 00 Abandoned Lock and Dam No. 8-------------------------------- 245, 900. 00 Abandoned Lock and Dam No. 9---------------------------------191, 000. 00 Partial cost of worn-out and abandoned Locks and Dams Nos. 1 to 7, inclusive, and franchise __ -- ---- __------------- 2, 744, 501. 17 Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.--There are practically no terminal facilities available to the public except boat landings maintained by munici- palities along the river. Provision has been made for the trans- shipment of freight between railroads and river at one plant near Lock No. 5, one at the docks of the Union Railroad Co., at Duquesne, RIVERS AND HARBORS-PITTSBURGH, PA., DISTRICT 1335 a rail-to-river cement transfer at Munhall, and privately owned river- to-rail sand and gravel tipples. An extensive paved wharf is pro- vided by the city of Pittsburgh of ample proportions for a large packet and passenger trade, and the city now contemplates the erec- tion, in the near future, of a modern terminal at Hays Station, in pool No. 1, for general public use. A large number of tipples at mines and hoists of various types at manufacturing plants are maintained for private use in loading and unloading coal, coke, billets, steel, sand, gravel, oil, acid, etc., but these are not available for the purpose of general commerce. Exist- ing private terminals are adequate for shipment and receipt in the Pittsburgh district of the type of commerce now in existence. The Glassport terminal of the Kelly Axe & Tool Co. will afford facilities for limited commerce beyond the capacity of the packet boats not handled through private terminals. The provision of river-to-rail and rail-to-river transfer terminals on an extensive scale is not im- portant, since 98 per cent of traffic using the river passes through private terminals which are more than adequate for the prospective commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made water trans- portation thoroughly dependable and has thus enabled a heavy traffic of about 26,000,000 tons annually to develop. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The 440-foot extension of lower guide wall at Lock No. 6 was completed. Rock borings to determine foundation conditions at lower guide wall at Lock No. 1 were finished. Preparation of plans and specifications for new Lock and Dam No. 4 was well advanced. Rock borings were made by contract and the remaining work performed by hired labor. The total cost, all for new work, was $126,680.83. The total expenditures were $138,072.57. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 81 per cent completed. Lock and Dam No. 9 having been eliminated in 1926, 14 locks and dams are in operation, providing slack-water navigation from Pittsburgh, Pa., to a point 4 miles above Fairmont, W. Va., a distance of 131 miles. The controlling depth between Pittsburgh and Dam No. 10 is 8 feet and above Dam No. 10, 7 feet. Further information relating to the locks and dams may be found under the table in the paragraph, existing project.. The river is navigable throughout the year, except for about five days annually on account or high water and ice below Lock No. 7, and 30 days annually above Lock No. 7. Reconstructed Locks and Dams Nos. 1 to 6, inclusive, each have two chambers. New Locks and Dams Nos. 7 and 8 have replaced old Locks and Dams Nos. 7, 8, and 9. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the extension of guide and guard walls at Locks Nos. 1 and 7 and the construction of new Locks and Dam No. 4, all as authorized by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, as modified by the act of . July 3, 1930, and as tabulated or set forth in existing project. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year, all for new work, was $7,891,352.72. The total expenditures under the exist- ing project to the end of the fiscal year were $7,906,636.67. 1336 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1930, $65,057.42, and an additional allotment of $1,295,000 allotted July 14, 1930, to new work as follows: Acquisition of land at Lock No. 8______________ __________ $2, 000. 00 Purchase of flowage easements in Pool No. 8_ 4, 208. 83 Extending upper guard wall and lower guide wall and straight- ening bank at Lock No. 1___________ 340, 000. 00 Extending upper guard structure, Lock No. 7___ -____ 6_____ 63, 848. 59 Part construction of new Lock and Dam No. 4____------ ____ 950, 000. 00 Total__ ------------------------------------------- 1, 360, 057. 42 It is proposed to expend the available funds approximately at the following monthly rates: July to September, inclusive, 1930, $10,- 000; October, 1930, to June, inclusive, 1931, $145,000. It is expected that the funds will be exhausted by about June, 1931. The additional sum of $1,000,000 can be profitably expended dur- ing the fiscal year 1932 to be applied to the construction of new Lock and Dam No. 4. Commercial statitics.-Virtually all of the commerce consists of commodities in bulk carried in barges. The usual draft of the loaded barges is from 6 to 81/2 feet. Practically all of the commerce (99.8 per cent) is restricted to the reach between Morgantown, W. Va., and Pittsburgh, Pa., a distance of 101 miles. There is given below a comparative statement of the total commerce of the Monongahela River. For 1929 the tonnage was distributed as follows: Per cent Per cent Coal----------------- 80. 2 Sand -------------------------- 4. 2 Coke ----------------------- 4. 6 Iron and steel .6 5---------------- Gravel ____ ____------------ 3. 5 Miscellaneous ----------------- 1. 9 Comparative statement Calendar Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Ca ar Short tons Value Passengers 1925-........ 23,716,121 $121,322,310 1,018,625 1928-.......27, 412,143 $170, 974, 558 765, 943 1926----........ 26, 374, 682 117, 805, 525 1, 293, 033 1929 ....... - 28, 907, 614 166, 121, 576 592, 130 1927-------- 25, 873, 029 135, 760, 330 1, 165, 117 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930____----- ___________ $13, 311, 893. 24 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ ---------- 741. 66 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-______- - 13, 312, 634. 90 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ------------------ 15, 293. 01 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930_____---------------- 13, 327, 927. 91 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_____----------------- 9. 06 Net total expenditures___ _____------------------ 13, 327, 918. 85 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------------------- 65, 057. 42 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__------- ---- 13, 392, 976. 27 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PITTSBURGH, PA., DISTRICT 1337 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------------ $1, 294, 555. 96 $542, 071. 17 $322, 726. 44 $178, 121. 34 $126, 680. 83 Cost of maintenance_ . Total expended---------------................ 1, 284, 391. 73 527, 234. 06 317, 570. 71 177, 589. 29 138, 072. 57 Allotted----------------------................ 500, 000. 00 275, 000. 00 617, 780. 00 425, 000.00 -700, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 _________________________-- $903, 129. 99 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment----- ___ 700, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for ____________________-203, 129. 99 Gross amount expended___ _____________--______ 138, 072. 57 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930______----------------- 65, 057. 42 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930___-- ____----------------- 61. 78 Balance available June 30, 1930_______------- --------- 64, 995. 64 Accounts receivable June 30, 19301___1_________------------15, 293. 01 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930___________- 80, 288. 65 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1_________________________-__ 3, 248, 650. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June _ 30, 1932, for new work 1___________________------ - 1, 000, 000.00 2. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS, MONONGAHELA RIVER, PA. AND W. VA. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Monongahela River, Pa. and W. Va. See pages 1332 to 1337, where general information can be found. The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation as follows: Nos. 1 to 6, since July 7, 1897; No. 7, since November 11, 1925; No. 8, since October 12, 1925; No. 10, since December 7, 1903; No. 11, since De- bember 17, 1903; No. 12, since December 19, 1903; No. 13, since January 4, 1904; No. 14, since December 28, 1903; and No. 15, since December 23, 1903. Operations and results durring fiscal year.-Maintenance of the structures in serviceable condition, operation of the locks, and float- ing and repair plants, and channel dredging constituted the princi- pal activities. In addition to the ordinary repairs, painting of structures, plant, etc., the approaches at locks, except Nos. 2, 3 and 5, were dredged and deposits removed from lock chambers, and channel dredging performed where required. Both chambers at Lock No. 2 were unwatered, five new valves and frames installed and others repaired, five valve screens set, two miter sills recon- structed and two repaired, one set of new lock gates and anchorages installed and one gate repaired and reset, and three concrete moor- ing piers 14 by 16 feet constructed. At Lock No. 3 both chambers were unwatered, one new valve installed and two repaired, two miter sills repaired, 17 butterfly valve blades and 20 stems renewed and 800 tons of derrick stone deposited below dam to arrest scour. Six lock gates were repaired and reinstalled. At Lock No. 4 the land 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1338 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1980 chamber was unwatered, four lock gates repaired and reinstalled, repairs made to valves and miter sills and 10,450 square feet of esplanade paving reconstructed. There also were constructed one 16 by 16 foot concrete mooring pier and two wooden dolphins. At Lock No. 5 one new valve was installed, two sets of gate anchorages renewed and new lower gate operating machinery installed. Both chambers were unwatered at Lock No. 6, six new valves installed and two repaired, two lock gates repaired and reinstalled, and two miter sills repaired and one renewed. There were constructed two 16 by 16 foot concrete mooring piers and two water cisterns. One valve was repaired at Lock No. 10. At Lock No. 14, 100 linear feet of upper guide wall were constructed and repairs made to the abut- ment, apron of dam and esplanade. At Locks Nos. 2 and 6, 8,000 square feet and 5,000 square feet, respectively, of lock wall were resurfaced. At the Boatyard at Lock No. 4 material repairs were made to dredges Nos. 1 and 3, to the steamboats Swain, George S. Nutt, and Pennova; launches Katydid, Youghiogheny, and Monongahela; and to 10 derrick boats, 2 concrete mixer boats, 2 survey boats, 1 pump boat, 5 dump scows, 3 quarter boats, and 13 barges. Repairs to dredge No. 1 included an A-frame and its base and to dredge No. 3 a new boiler, main engine and piping, relocation of controls and replacement of dipper handle and dipper. On the steamer Swan the texas was extended back 10 feet. Twelve of the above craft were docked. Important repairs also were made to 12 lock gates and to valves, operating machinery, and other parts of lock and dam struc- tures. There were fabricated 29 valves, 8 complete sets of gate and valve operating machinery and 40 gate valve frames and valves. Five dredge spuds and one dipper handle were framed. The total costs of operation and maintenance during the fiscal year were $856,- 540.25. The total expenditures during the fiscal year from the per- manent indefinite appropriation amounted to $942,714.76. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The 14 locks and dams are in a satisfactory state of repair. The head of navigation is at a point 4 miles above Fairmont, W. Va. For controlling depths and condition of the locks and dams see Monongahela River, Pa. and W. Va., pages 1332 to 1337 of this report. The total cost of operation and mainte- nance to the end of the fiscal year was $16,053,729.25. The net total amount expended from the permanent indefinite appropriation to the end of the fiscal year was $17,386,406.34. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-See preceding report on Monongahela River. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PITTSBURGH, PA., DISTRICT 1339 Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------$16, 053, 729.25 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930--------- 1, 397, 127. 56 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-- ------------ 17, 450, 856. 81 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ------------------ 10, 144. 74 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930--------- --- 17, 461, 001. 55 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------ 74, 595. 21 Net total expenditures------------------------- 17, 386, 406. 34 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------- 162, 006. 09 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ----------- 17, 548, 412. 43 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work__.- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - Cost of maintenance.------------ $650,157.12 $1,003,225.82 $667,303.28 $780,370.54 $856,540.25 Total expended--...--------------............... 650, 157. 12 1, 003, 225. 82 667, 303.28 780, 370. 54 942, 714.76 Allotted. ..---------------------- 500, 000. 00 844, 000. 00 990, 000. 00 600, 000. 00 900, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------$204,720.85 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, sec. 6, river & harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909 --- __-------________ 900, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------_ 1,104, 720.85 Gross amount expended_- ---- Less receipts from sales------------- __-- $946,158.85 __----- - 3,444. 09 942, 714. 76 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ------------------- 162, 006. 09 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------- 124,233.20 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts---------- 28,172. 74 152, 405. 94 Balance available June 30, 1930- -- --------------- 9, 600.15 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930------- -------------- 10, 144. 74 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 ------------- 19, 744. 89 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931- --- -925, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931--__----9-------- 944,744. 89 3. ALLEGHENY RIVER, PA.--OPEN-CHANNEL WORK Location and description.--The Allegheny River rises in northern Pennsylvania, flows northwestward into New York, and thence southward to Pittsburgh, Pa., where it joins with the Monongahela River to form the Ohio. Its length is 325 miles. The drainage area is 11,580 square miles, low-water discharge, 1,440 second-feet, and highest measured discharge 236,834 second-feet. High or low water may occur at any time, but most of the freshets come in the late winter and spring. The current is rapid. The average fall per mile of navigable portion-i. e., from Olean, N. Y., to the mouth--is 2.2 feet. The average width varies gradually from 225 feet at Olean to 1,060 at the mouth. (See U. S. Geological Survey Charts for Pennsylvania and New York, unnumbered.) 1340 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Original condition.-The river contained obstructive bowlders, snags, islands, bars, and shoals, making navigation hazardous and practicable only at the higher stages. The channel width was ex- tremely variable. The minimum, safe, usable, low-water depth was about 3 feet. Rafting, logging, and light steamboating extended from Olean, N. Y., to Pittsburgh, Pa., a distance of 255 miles. Previous projects.-None. Ewisting project.--This provides for improvement of the open channel from the mouth to the New York State line, 214 miles, by the removal of bowlders and snags and the construction, where needed, of low dams and dikes to close secondary channels and con- centrate the low-water flow on shoals. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1879, provided for channel clearing and low dams and dikes from the mouth to French Creek (H. Ex. Doc. No. 21, 45th Cong., 3d sess., reprinted in the Annual Report for 1879, p. 1371); and the act of August 2, 1882, extended similar improvement from French Creek to the New York State line (S. Ex. Doc. No. 89, 46th Cong., 2d sess.). The original approved (1879) estimate for work from the mouth to mouth of French Creek, 126 miles, was $51,425, and the approved (1880) estimate for extension of the work from French Creek to New York State line, 88 miles (214 miles from the mouth), was $40,000; total, $91,425, all of which was for new work. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of mainte- nance is $5,000. The latest published map is in House Document No. 740, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The only terminal facilities consist in a few boat landings along the river. No provision has been made for the transshipment of freight between river and railroads, except for privately owned sand and gravel tipples. Privately maintained ter- minals adequate to the needs may be relied on to develop with the increase in commerce. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Water transportation has been rendered easier and safer at a lower stage than formerly. Operations and results during the fecad year.-On Red Bank Dike all deteriorated and broken timbers were renewed and depleted crib spaces refilled and repaved with stone. The eroded bank at root of dike was riprapped. The total cost, all for maintenance, was $2,943.94. The total expenditures during the year were $2,943.94. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1898. Of the 10 low dams and dikes constructed, those at Six Mile Island and Nicholson Island have been permanently elimi- nated and the Cowanshannock dikes practically so by the extension of slackwater from the mouth of the river to Kittanning. The re- maining open-channel structures, although much deteriorated, still perform their functions. The repairs required to Red Bank Dike are of minor importance. There has been established a well-defined channel from 150 feet wide and about 1 foot deep at low water at the New York State line to about 200 feet wide and approximately RIVERS AND HARBORS-PITTSBURGH, PA., DISTRICT 1341 2 feet deep at low water at the head of Pool No. 6, Kittanning, Pa. Steamboat navigation above Kittanning, 45 miles from the mouth, is practically prohibited during irregular navigable stages by low bridges. Slackwater improvements from the mouth to Kittanning, Pa., have reduced the open-channel distance 45 miles. For locks and dams proposed see report on construction of locks and dams. The total costs of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $197,000 for new work and $126,492.80 for maintenance, a total of $323,492.80. The total expenditures under the existing project were $323,492.80. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1930, to maintenance and channel inspection as follows : Sundry repairs to open channel structures, removal of channel obstructions, etc------- -- ------------------------------- $4, 000. 00 Channel inspection, bank patrol, etc .- - - - _ 3, 631. 72 Total -------- -------------------------------------- 7, 631. 72 It is expected that the funds will be exhausted by August, 1931. The additional sum of $2,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for the maintenance and repair of existing structures, removal of channel obstructions, channel inspection, and patrol of banks to prevent unauthorized encroach- ments, as follows: --- Sundry repairs to low dikes and dams _- ____________ _ _------ $1, 500 Bank patrol, channel inspection, etc------------------------------ 1, 000 Total ----------------------------------------------- 2, 500 Commercial statistics.-The commerce on this reach of the river consists of sand and gravel carried in barges from the dredges to hoists on the river bank where it is loaded into trucks and railroad cars. The usual draft of the loaded barges is from 3 to 5 feet. There is given below a comparative statement of the commerce on the open river above slackwater. For 1929 the tonnage was dis- tributed as follows: Gravel, 55.3 per cent; sand, 44.7 per cent. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925- - -_------- 10, 195 $10, 195 1928....------ ----- ----- 214, 657 $214, 657 1926--------------------- 44,960 44, 960 1929...------------ ..-------- 247, 580 247, 580 1927--------------------- 98, 060 98, 060 Cost and finamcial swmmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_------------------------- $197, 000. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ _-------------------- 126, 492. 80 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 323, 492. 80 Net total expenditures_ _______ _----323, 492. 80 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930______--------------------- 7, 631. 72 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__----------- - 331, 124. 52 1342 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.................... ............ ..--.............. ............ ............ ....... Cost of maintenance-------- ......----------.$2,418. 70 $2, 635. 91 $3,364.08 $2, 686.73 $2, 943.94 Total expended.-------------------------- 2,418. 70 2, 635. 91 3, 364.08 2, 686. 73 2, 943. 94 Allotted.----------.-. ------------------ 3, 750. 00 5,000. 00 3,000.00 3,000.00 3,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----- --------- ------------ $7, 575. 66 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--- - ------------------------------- 3, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for ---------- ----------- 10, 575.66 Gross amount expended----- --------------- 2, 943. 94 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ------------- 7,7----631. 72 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1 30, 1932, for maintenance 2, 500. 00 4. ALLEGHENY RIVER, PA.-CONSTRUCTION OF LOCKS AND DAMS Location and description and original condition.-See report on Allegheny River, Pa., open-channel improvement. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--This project provides for eight locks and dams establishing a least slack-water depth of 9 feet in the lower 61 miles of the river. After dredging a 9-foot channel with a 200-foot width below Lock No. 2, Lock and Dam No. 1 are to be eliminated. The estimate for new work, revised in 1930, is $13,766,684. No estimate for maintenance was made. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 5, 1886, provided for Lock and Dam No. 1 (Ann. Rept. for 1886, p. 1545, which contemplated a fixed dam); on September 29, 1891, the Secretary of War authorized the change to a movable dam (Ann. Rept. for 1891, p. 2366); the act of June 3, 1896, provided for Locks and Dams Nos. 2 and 3 (Ann. Rept. for 1896, p. 2214) ; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for Locks and Dams Nos. 4 to 8, inclusive (H. Doc. No. 540, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The act of July 3, 1930, modified the existing project so as to pro- vide for a depth of 9 feet in the lower 61 miles; for the replacement of Lock and Dam No. 1 by a dredged channel 9 feet deep and 200 feet wide up to Lock No. 2; and for the modification of Locks and Dams Nos. 2 and 3 by the construction of a standard lock (56 by 360 feet) riverward of the present locks, the deepening and other- wise improving of the existing locks, the protection of Dam No. 2, and the raising of Dam No. 3 to its original elevation, or 11/2 feet higher than at present, at a total estimated cost of $3,615,000. Provided, that the Secretary of War, after further investigation, may substitute a single high dam for the two low dams, with two standard lock chambers, at an estimated cost, including the cost of dredging below Dam No-2, of $4,498,000. (H. Doc. No. 356, 71st Cong., 2d sess.) 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PITTSBURGH, PA., DISTRICT 1343 Loolks and Dams Nos. 1 to 8, inclsive, Allegiheny River Depth on miter Location Dimensions sills at normal Character of foundation pool level Lift at No. normal Width Avail- pool Miles of able level town of haNearest length Lower Upper Lock Dam ber width Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet 1 1. 7 Pittsburgh, Pa---------.. 55 286 7. 0 8. 5 15. 0 Gravel.... Gravel. 2 7.0 Aspinwall Pa.........---------- 56 291 11.0 11.0 10. 5 Rock...... Do. 3 16. 7 Springdale, Pa-........- . 6 289 10. 6 7. 5 7. 0 Hardpan._ Do. 4 24. 0 Natrona, Pa------------............ 56 360 12. O0 8. O0 9.5 Rock...... Rock. 5 30. 5 Freeport, Pa----.......... 56 360 12. O0 11. 5 11. 5 Gravel...--- Gravel. 6 37.0 Glen Irwin, Pa___------- 56 360 12.0 11.0 11. 0 Rock...... Do. 7 46.0 Kittanning, Pa--------... 56 360 13. 0 11.0 10. 0 Gravel.... Do. 8 53. 3 Mosgrove, Pa-....-------- 56 360 15.0 10. 5 11. 0 Rock..-.... Rock. Type of construction Percent- Y No. Kind of dam age of of com Estimated or comple- pletlon actual cost Lock Dam tion letin 1 Movable .... Concrete__--------......--.... Chanoine wicket----------......... 100 1902 1 $591,187.42 2 Fixed---------..... do-----......--------. Concrete-------------- 100 190 1544, 028. 85 3 -. do--------do___-------- --- Timber crib------------- 100 1904 1310,103.36 4 .-... do-.---.-.----do-.....--------- Concrete------,.-------- -- 99 -------- 1,529,152, 44 5 ..... do--------do----------------do------------------- 99 ..------- 1,794,133.93 6 -.....do--....---.....----do----- --....-------... do..................-------------------.. 99 1, 772,178. 00 7 -.....do-----..........---do-------................-----...--do---------....... --------- 15 1, 720, 000.00 8 -.... do------.......---.....---do.....----------------do...--------------------------------- 1, 890, 000. 00 10,151, 684.00 Additional work authorized by 1930 river and harbor act..... ------------------------- 3, 615, 000. 00 Total .--------------------------------------------------------- 13,766,684.00 1 Actual cost. NoTo.-When Dam No. 3 is raised to original elevation (733) the minimum depth on lower miter sill at Dam No. 4 will be 9.5 feet. Recommended modfloations of projeot.--None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912, required local interests to contribute $300,000 toward this im- provement, but this was revoked by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, which required-- That no part of said amount shall be expended until the Secretary of War shall have received satisfactory assurances that the channel spans of the bridges forming unreasonable obstructions to the navigation of the Allegheny River at Pittsburgh will be modified as recommended by a board of Engineer officers in a report dated November twenty-third, nineteen hundred and ten. The river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919, in making further appropriation for this stream, required that no part thereof should be- expended until the channel spans of the bridges forming unreasonable obstruc- tions to the navigation of the Allegheny River at Pittsburgh have been modi- fied as heretofore directed or shall hereafter be directed by the Secretary of War, or until the Secretary of War shall have received satisfactory assurances that such modifications will promptly be made contemporaneously with the prosecution of the work of improvement. 11714---ENG 1930---85 1344 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEEBRS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 These provisos originally had reference to seven obstructive bridges crossing the Allegheny River at Pittsburgh Pa. The neces- sary changes in these bridges were ordered by the Secretary of War in pursuance of authority conferred on him by section 18 of the act of Congress of March 3, 1899. The original orders for the altera- tion of the bridges were issued March 23, 1917, and were temporarily suspended February 28, 1918, on account of the war emergency. New orders were issued by the Secretary of War March 10, 1919, requiring the changes previously specified to be made in the then remaining five bridges and completed within periods ranging from two to five years from the date of service of orders. Subsequently the Secretary of War issued several orders extending the time for removal of the Sixth, Ninth, and Thirtieth Street Bridge obstrutc- tions, the final order extending the time for completion of the remaining parts of the Thirtieth Street Bridge removal to July 31, 1929. All of the seven bridge obstructions on the Allegheny River at Pittsburgh have been removed in full compliance with the orders issued by the Secretary of War March 23, 1917, and March 10, 1919. Terminal facilities.-The Monongahela River at Pittsburgh hav- ing ample wharfage facilities for prospective Allegheny River packet and passenger trade, the Allegheny River wharf is utilized mainly for receipts of coal, gravel, and sand. Two facilities for public use are available but are not generally used. Some tipples and numerous hoists of various types are privately maintained for use in loading and unloading coal, coke sand, gravel, manufactured articles, etc. Provision for the transshipment of freight between river and railroads is limited to privately owned river-to-rail sand and gravel hoists. Effeet of improvement.-Safe navigation for a 7-foot minimum draft has been established from the mouth to Kittanning, Pa., 45 miles. Operationsand results during the fiscal year.-At Lock No. 5, 3,250 cubic yards of coarse gravel were deposited on the face of. bank below the abutment of dam to prevent bank caving. The entire structure is practically completed. At Lock No. 6 by hired labor with Govern- ment plant the fill landward of lock, top soiling of esplanade, grad- ing at lock houses, concrete walks and steps, concrete paving of the esplanade, and construction of a driveway to the lock were completed. The dredging of the lower lock approach was nearly finished. Under a contract two lock houses were completed. The entire lock and dam and appurtenant works are about 991/2 per cent completed. On the construction of Lock No. 7, under a contract, the lock, giuide,' and core walls, miter and guard sills, reinforced concrete power house, and a protection crib at the lock were completed and the cofferdams removed. The filling landward of lock as required under this contract was finished. A separate contract for constructing the dam and abutment was let. A cofferdam inclosing the abutment and 216 linear feet of dam was constructed. The abutment was practically completed, 178 linear feet of dam completed and 38 feet of dam nearly completed. By hired labor with Government plant the water and oil tanks, a steam boiler, pumps, radiators, hydraulic turbines, overhead crane, and sanitary fixtures were installed and the piping nearly completed. The electric wiring was 95 per cent RIVERS AND HARBORS-PITTSBURGH, PA., DISTRICT 1345 installed. The installation of the lock-operating machinery was practically completed. The penstock pipe and turbines were com- pleted. The gate anchorages were installed and one-half of the re- cess covers on lock walls were placed. The esplanade filling was 60 per cent completed. The lock gates were fabricated under contract and are ready for installation. The entire lock and dam and appurte- nant works are 71.9 per cent completed. Under a contract for constructing Lock and Dam No. 8, the coffer- dam inclosing lock and guide walls was completed and unwatered. The lock excavation was made and guide walls and upper guard and miter sills completed. The lock walls were practically finished. A cofferdam inclosing the abutment and 590 linear feet of dam was constructed and unwatered and the abutment excavation and ap- proximately 68 per cent of the excavation for dam completed. The abutment was completed and its stone protection 38 per cent placed. Of the dam 298 linear feet are completed except six 20-foot spillway openings. One 37-foot caisson was sealed to rock and six similar caissons for the dam sunk to various elevations, the deepest one to the rock level. Fabrication of the lock gates by contract was completed. The entire lock and dam and appurtenant works are 45.1 per cent completed. The total cost, all for new work, was $1,877,197.12. The total expenditures during the year were $1,765,627.85. Condition at end of fiscal y ea.-The project is about 82.6 per cent completed. Locks and Dams Nos. 1 to 4, inclusive, are completed and Nos. 5 and 6 practically completed, and all in operation. They extend slack-water navigation from the mouth to Kittanning, Pa., 45 miles, with a controlling depth of 7 feet on the upper sill of Lock No. 3. To complete the project there remain to be done: At Dam No. 5, a small amount of concrete bank protection at abutment; at Lock No. 6, completion of the lock approach dredging; at Lock No. 7, completion of the dam and abutment, installation of the lock gates, and completion of the operating machinery and power plant, esplanade filling, grading and paving, and the erection of two lock houses; at Lock and Dam No. 8, completion of the lock and dam, installation of lock gates and the operating machinery and power plant, esplanade filling, grading and paving, and the erection of two lock houses. To complete the project as modified by act of July 3, 1930, there is to be done: Elimination of Lock and movable Dam No. 1 and dredging of a channel 9 feet deep and 200 feet wide up to Lock No. 2; construction of a standard lock chamber on the riverward side of each of Locks Nos. 2 and 3, deepening and otherwise improv- ing the existing locks, and raising Dam No. 3 to its original elevation, 11/2 feet higher than at present. For condition of locks and dams see table under existing project. Available minimum drafts vary from 7 to 8 feet from March to December and between 5 and 8 feet during the winter months. The latter limits occur in Pool No. 1 when the movable dam is down. The total costs of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $8,524,785.94 for new work and $238,815.07 for maintenance, a total of $8,763,601.01. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $8,552,902.16. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1930, to remaining obligations and work at Locks 1346 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 and Dams Nos. 4, 5, and 6 and the completion of Locks and Dams Nos. 7 and 8, as follows: Lock and Dam No. 4: Completing purchase of easements for flood protection dike---------------------------------------- $8, 500. 00 Lock and Dam No. 5: Completing abutment repair-.......------------- 2, 000. 00 Lock and Dam No. 6: Purchase of land-------------------------------------- 16, 000. 00 Completing lower lock approach dredging --- _ -- ___-----1, 200. 00 Purchase of flowage easements------------------------ 7, 000. 00 Lock and Dam No. 7: Purchase of land------------------------ ------------- 6, 000. 00 Completing dam and abutment--------------------------- 374, 400. 00 Completing power plant, lock-operating machinery, filling and paving esplanade, constructing two lock houses, etc_-- 96, 500. 00 Dredging lock approaches and channel below lock ------- 55, 000. 00 Flood protection dike above abutment and purchase of flood-dike easements 40, 000. 00 Purchase of flowage easements--- -- ___-__------ 25, 000. 00 Lock and Dam No. 8: Purchase of land--------------------------------------- 6, 000. 00 Completing lock, guide and guard walls, power house, dam and abutment___----------- ----------------- 928, 532. 54 Completing power plant, lock gates, lock-operating machin- ery, filling and paving esplanade, constructing two lock houses, etc--------------------------------------- 200, 000. 00 Dredging lock approaches__-- ------- -.------- 20, 000. 00 Purchase of flowage easements------------------------- 15, 000. 00 Total ---------- --------------------------- 1, 801, 132. 54 It is expected that the funds will be exhausted by October, 1981. The additional sum of $936,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 to be applied to remaining work at Lock No. 8 and part construction of a standard lock at Dam No. 2, as follows: Construction of Dam No. 8 and abutment in payment of contract.... $36, 500 Surveys, borings, and plans and specifications for standard lock at Dam No. 2---------------------------------------------- 15, 000 Part construction of standard lock at Dam No. 2-------------- 885, 000 Total ---------------- ---------------------- 936, 500 Commercial statititic.--Virtually all of the commerce consists of commodities in bulk carried in barges. The usual draft of the loaded barges is from 5 to 7 feet. The greater part of the commerce (92 per cent) is restricted to the reach between Freeport, Pa., and Pitts- burgh, Pa., a distance of 29 miles. There is given below a comparative statement of the total com- merce on the slack-watered portion of the river from Kittanning, Pa., to the mouth. For'1929 the tonnage was distributed as follows: Per cent Per cent Coal------------------------- 41. 2 Sand ---------- ----------- 25. 9 Coke ------------------------- 1, 4 Iron and steel----------- ---- 0.2 Gravel------------------------ 18. 4 Miscellaneous ------------------ 1. 9 Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925........ 4, 744, 843 $10, 355, 870 24, 021 1928-......-. 3,477, 927 $9, 930, 209 120,457 1926-........ 3,716,779 7,812,461 172, 286 1929........ 3, 535, 978 10, 665, 113 131, 190 1927-........ 3, 762, 887 8, 912, 226 151, 709 RIVERS AND HARBORS--PITTSBURGH, PA., DISTRICT 1347 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------$8,524,785.94 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------- 238, 815. 07 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------8, 768, 601. 01 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 47,119. 26 ---------- Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ____.----------- - 8, 810, 720.27 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_,_ _ ------------ _ 257, 818. 11 Net total expenditures---------- ----------- -------- 8, 552, 902.16 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930- -------------------- 1, 801, 132. 54 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-----------10,354,034. 70 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--------------................ $262, 767. 19 $608, 812. 15 $1, 779, 841. 68 $784, 599. 77 $1, 877, 197. 12 Cost of maintenance....................... .......................................... Total expended..---------------- 233, 835. 84 604, 187. 80 1,723, 423. 10 741, 788.77 1, 765, 627. 85 Allotted...------------------ -1, 000, 000. 00 1, 500, 000.00 1, 750, 000. 00 1,105, 000.00 800, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----- ------------------- $2, 766, 760. 39 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved May 28, 1930--------------------------- -------- 800, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_-- ------ __-- _---_ 3, 566, 760.39 Gross amount expended ---- --------- ___-___ -- __-_ 1, 765, 627. 85 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------1, 801, 132. 54 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---------__ $13,002.54 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts --------- 865, 195. 30 878, 197. 84 Balance available June 30, 1930_ ___- -- _____-__-- 922, 934. 70 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 - - - - - - - - - - - _____ - ____ - ____ 3, 825, 700. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for new work 1 _______ ____-_-- - 936, 500. 00 -______ 5. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS, ALLEGHENY RIVER, PA. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Allegheny River, Pa., construction of locks and dams, see pages 1342 to 1347, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation as follows: No. 1, since January 1, 1903; No. 2, since November 10, 1906; No. 3, since November 29, 1904; No. 4, since September 6, 1927; No. 5, since October 20, 1927; and No. 6, since October 10, 1928. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-The principal activities were the operation and maintenance in serviceable condition of Locks and Dams Nos. 1 to 6, inclusive. Movable Dam No. 1 was manipu- lated as river stages required. Four wicket units were reinstalled and 25 wicket anchor bolts tightened. Cofferdams were constructed, the lock unwatered, lower miter sill reconstructed, and material re- Exclusive of available funds. 1348 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 pairs made to lock gates and valves. The lock house veranda was refloored and repaired. At Lock No. 2 the lower river wall valve was removed and a new one installed. All lock operating machinery was overhauled. At Lock No. 3 there were renewed on the dam three range and five slope deck timbers. Three check posts were installed on lock walls. Cofferdams were constructed, lock unwatered, and material repairs made to lock gates miter sills, and valves. At Lock No. 4 new gate arms were installed on the lower lock gates and the operating machinery overhauled. Additional protection was given to the flood levee at abutment of dam. At Lock No. 5, 4,000 tons of derrick stone were placed at lower side of dam and 175 tons of stone and 3,700 cubic yards of coarse gravel along the face of bank above abutment. From lower approach to lock 16,775 cubic yards of gravel and bowlders were removed, of which 13,650 cubic yards were backfilled above the dam and the remainder cast on face of bank below abutment to prevent bank caving. The river bank above the abutment was sloped, 5,650 cubic yards being removed. The eroded right bank below the lock was protected by placing 10,000 cubic yards of heavy gravel by a derrick boat, 87 tons of brickbats and some cribbing. Two lock house heaters were installed. At Lock No. 6 the clearing and grading of the lock grounds were continued. A United States dredge and a hired dredge extended the new channel 9 feet deep by 200 feet wide from Tarentum down to Creighton, re- moving 200,230 cubic yards of material. The channel was nearly completed. Flashboards were maintained during low water on Dams Nos. 2, 3, 5, and 6. The total costs of operation and maintenance during the fiscal year were $213,083.22. The total expenditures from the permanent indefinite appropriation during the fiscal year amounted to $216,367.11. Condition at end of fiscal year.--Six locks and dams are in satis- factory operating condition, maintaining their pools. The head of slack-water navigation is at Kittanning, Pa., 45 miles above the mouth. For controlling depths and condition of locks and dams see report on Allegheny River, Pa., construction of locks and dams, pages 1342 to 1347 of this report. The total cost of operation and maintenance to the end of the fiscal year was $2,470,060.25. The net total amount expended from the permanent indefinite appropriation to the end of the fiscal year was $2,460,022.53. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-See preceding report on Allegheny River lock and dam construction. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------- $2, 470, 060. 25 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ---------- 10, 113. 70 Net total cost to June 30, 1930--------------------- 2, 480, 173. 95 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930_ ---------------------- 16. 60 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930-------------------- 2, 480, 190.55 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 --------------------- 20,168. 02 __-_--------- Net total expenditures--- 2, 460, 022. 53 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ----------------------. 41, 753. 65 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930- ------- 2, 501, 776.18 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PITTSBURGH, PA., DISTRICT 1349 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of newwork..--.-------------- ----------------- --------- - ---------------------- Cost of maintenance_-_--------------- $89, 747.07 $96, 707.45 $133,454.75 $167,678,98 $213,083.22 Total expended -. .... ..---.---------------89, 747. 07 96, 707. 45 133, 454.75 167, 678. 98 216, 367.11 Allotted ---------------------------------- 111, 000. 00 135, 000. 00 101, 000. 00 150, 000. 00 235, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ ---------------------------- $23, 120. 76 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, March 3, 1909-----------------------235, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-------------------------- 258, 120. 76 Gross amount expended----------------------------------- 216, 367. 11 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 -------------------- 41, 753. 65 --------------- $16596.48 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 193016, Amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------- 7, 004.56 23, 601. 04 Balance available June 30, 1930- ----------------- 18, 152. 61 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930_------------------__----- 16. 60 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 -------.---- __ 18, 169. 21 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931---------------------------- 200, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931-------------------------218, 169. 21 6. OHIO RIVER ABOVE BEACH BOTTOM RUN, W. VA. 7. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS AT EMSWORTH AND DASHIELDS, PA., AND NOS. 4 TO 11, INCLUSIVE, OHIO RIVER 8. OHIO RIVER, OPEN-CHANNEL WORK 6-8. For reports on these improvements see page 1308. 9. YOUGHIOGHENY RIVER, PA. Location and description.-The Youghiogheny River, the principal tributary of the Monongahela, rises in West Virginia near the south- western corner of Maryland and flows northwestward 123 miles to McKeesport, Pa., where it empties into the Monongahela River, 15.6 miles above its mouth. The drainage area is 1,732 square miles. The low and high water discharges at West Newton, 19.5 miles above mouth, are about 75 and 100,000 (estimated) second-feet, respec- tively. The average width between banks below West Newton is about 510 feet. The current at ordinary stages varies from 3 to 5 miles per hour. The fall between Connellsville and West Newton, 25 miles, is 5 feet per mile, and between West Newton and the mouth, 19.5 miles, 1.5 feet per mile. See United States Geological Survey charts for Pennsylvania, Maryland, and West Virginia. Original condition.-The river was not navigable except in its lower portion at times of freshet. The construction of Dam 2, Mo- nongahela River, in 1841, gave slack water about 4.7 miles above its mouth. In 1848 a private corporation, chartered by the State of Pennsylvania, built two locks and dams, extending slack water to West Newton, 19.5 miles above mouth. These works were damaged by ice and were finally abandoned in 1865. During their existence packet boats navigated as far as West Newton. 1350 REPORT OF CHIEF OP ENGINEERB, U. S. AMY, 1930 Previous projects.-The first project for the improvement of the river was adopted by the river and harbor act approved June 25, 1910, and provided for canalization of the river from the mouth to West Newton, Pa. No construction work was ever done on the project, it being recommended for abandonment in 1916 and 1919. There was expended $12,194.75 for surveys and construction plans. The river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, adopted a project providing for a channel 9 feet deep from the mouth to Fif- teenth Street, McKeesport, Pa., to be obtained by dredging. Costs on this project amounted to $36,700, of which $35,000 was for new work and $1,700 for maintenance. The total costs and expenditures on previous projects, prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1930, were $48,894.75. E misting project.-This provides for the canalization of the river from the mouth to West Newton, Pa., 19.5 miles, by the con- struction of three locks and dams. The estimated cost of new work, revised in 1928, is $3,670,400. There is no estimate for annual maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930 (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 9, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). A map of the river is printed in House Document No. 82, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session. The Chief of Engineers is authorized to revise the plans and estimates to meet any changes in conditions. Recommended modiflcations of piroject.--None. Locai cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.--There are no public terminal facilities on this stream. Privately maintained terminals for unloading coal, sand, gravel, manufactured products, etc., ample for present require- ments, exist at McKeesport, Pa. Effect of improvement.-The dredging already performed has pro- vided a channel 200 feet wide and of sufficient depth for vessels drawing 8 feet from the mouth to Fifteenth Street, McKeesport. Operatiomns and results duri~g the fiscal year.-By hired labor with Government plant the channel 200 feet wide by 9 feet deep under Pool No. 2, Monongahela River, from the mouth to Fifteenth Street, McKeesport, Pa., was redredged, removing numerous high places and deposits which had formed during the past winter. The total costs for new work were $4,211.32 and for maintenance $1,700, a total of $5,911.32. The total expenditures during the year were $5,911.32. Condition at end of facal year.-The effect of pool No. 2 in the Monongahela River upon the newly dredged channel in the lower extremity of the Youghiogheny permits of commercial movements from the mouth to Fifteenth Street, McKeesport, of vessels drawing approximately 8 feet at the low water stage. No work has yet been done on the canalization project adopted by the 1930 river and harbor act. Proposed operation.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1930 ($2,000), to maintenance of the channel from the mouth to Fifteenth Street, McKeesport, Pa., which was dredged under a previous project. RIVERS AND HARBORS---PITTSBURGE, PA., DISTRICT 1351 The additional sum of $2,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, to be applied to maintenance of the channel. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the canalization project adopted by the act of July 3, 1930. Com nercicd statitic.-The commerce consists of commodities in bulk carried in barges. The usual draft is from 6 to 81/2 feet. All of the traffic is restricted to the lower 2-mile reach of the river at McKeesport, Pa. For 1929 the tonnage was distributed as follows: Per cent Coal------------------ --------------------------- 62. 9 Gasoline ..------------------- ------------------------- .7 Sand and gravel---------------------------------- 33.7 Iron and steel-------------------- ---------------- 2. 7 There is given below a comparative statement of the total com- merce on the Youghiogheny River. Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925 ------------------ 350, 915 $815, 435 1928-------- ------------ 251. 358 $738,334 1926 --------------------- 324,628 784, 576 1929-------------------- 318,159 1,414, 648 1927. . .... .... 271, 613 733, 169 Cost and flnancal summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------- _ --- $47, 194. 75 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------- , 700. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930__ ------ - . 48, 894. 75 Net total expenditures _ -------------------------- ------ 48, 894. 75 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ------------------------ - 2, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------- ----------- 50, 894.75 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.--... .....-.-- ......... -.-. -.-....... $95. 77 $30, 692.91 $4, 211.32 Cost of maintenance-----------------------.......................------------.................---------............ 1,700, 00 Total cost,--------------------- ------------------------ 95. 77 30, 692. 91 5, 911. 32 Total expended_._...---- __.--..- .- .--------.. . 95.77 30, 692.91 5,911.32 Allotted---------------35, 000. 00 1, 700. 00 2, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__--------------------------- $5, 911.32 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- pi*ved May 28, 1930------------------------------- 2, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for---------------- ---------_ , 911. 32 Gross amount expended-------------- ------------------ 5, 911.32 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------ _ 2, 000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project _-------- ---------- _ - 3, 670, 400. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 _----------- _ - 2, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. ]352 BEPORT OF CHIEF OPF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 10. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation called for by, river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in II. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; har- bor-line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges in- curred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $35,586.69; the expenditures were $35,068.53. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in con- nection with the above items. The additional sum of $22,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ---------- - $36, 753. 34 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 201. 20 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930-_- --------------- 36, 954. 54 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 719. 36 Net total expenditures _____36, 235. 18 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930___------------- --------- 30, 764. 82 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----- ---- 67, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ------ - - - - Cost of maintenance-...-------------- -- - --------------------- - - -- ------------ $1,166. 65 $35, 586.69 Total expended --------------------------------------------------- 1, 166. 65 35, 068.53 Allotted- -------------------------------------------------- $7,000.00 20, 000.00 40, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_------ ____-------- -___-- $25, 833. 35 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-------------...--------- $30, 000. 00 Amount reallotted, act Mar. 23, 1928-------..........--------- 10, 000. 00 40, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for----------------------------65, 833. 35 Gross amount expended ----------------- ------------ 35, 068. 53 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 --------------- __-30, 764. 82 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 __-- --- __- _________----_ 719.36 Balance available June 30, 1930___---------------------- 30, 045. 46 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930______--------------- --------- 201.20 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 __--- -__- 30, 246. 66 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending - June 30, 1932, for maintenance 22, 500. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND MHARBORS-IWrTNGOWW W V., :'DWMD iS8 EXAMINATION AND SURVEY MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED MARCH 8, 1925 A partial report on preliminary examination and survey of the Allegheny River, Pa., and N. Y., with a view to enlarging the present adopted project for the improvement of said river (covering section below Dam No. 4), was transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 356, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a depth of 9 feet in the lower 61 miles; for the replacement of Lock and Dam No. 1 by a dredged channel 9 feet deep and 200 feet wide up to Lock No. 2; and for the modification of Locks and Dams Nos. 2 and 3, as proposed by the reporting offi- cers, at a total estimated cost of $3,615,000, with certain provisions. A report on the proposed extension of the canalization project above Rimerton will be submitted after the completion of surveys of the Allegheny River now in progress in connection with the report authorized under House Document No. 308, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making preliminary examinations and surveys required by the flood control act approved May 31, 1924, and the river and harbor acts approved January 21, 1927, and July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers, with a view to the control of the floods. 2. Youghiogheny River, Pa., from Fifteenth Street, McKeesport, to West Newton. 3. Kiskiminitas and Conemaugh Rivers, Pa. 4. Youghiogheny River, Pa., from West Newton to Connellsville. 5. Beaver River, Pa., Shenango River, Pa., and Mahoning River, Pa., and Ohio. By resolution of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, House of Representatives, dated June 18, 1930, a review of prior reports on the Allegheny River, Pa., is requested, and report thereon will be sub- mitted as soon as practicable. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE HUNTINGTON, W. VA., DISTRICT This district includes all navigable streams (except the Mononga- hela River) in the State of West Virginia; New River in the States of North Carolina and Virginia; Locks and Dams Nos. 12-32, Ohio River; Muskingum River, Ohio; and Big Sandy River, W. Va. and Ky.' District engineer: Lieut. Col. E. D. Ardery, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. H. B. Ferguson, Corps of Engineers, to October 10,'1929, and Lieut. Col. George R. Spalding, Corps of En- gineers, since that date. 1 Includes Dams Nos. 14 to 28, inclusive, effective July 1, 1930. 1354 REPOR or OFR Irr O W, ua.r&AU , 1980 IMPEOvMENTS Page Page 1. Construction of locks and 7. Operating and care of locks dams, Ohio River--...-- 1308 and dams on Kanawha 2. Operating and care of Locks River, W.. Va...- ..--... 1365 and Dams Nos. 12-32, Ohio 8. Big Sandy River and Levisa River ------------------ 308 1-- and Tug Forks, W. Va. and 3. Ohio River, open channel Ky-.--------... --------.. 1367 work----...... ------ 1308 9. Operating and care of locks 4. Operating and care of locks and dams on Big Sandy and dams on Muskingum River, W. Va, and Ky., in- River, Ohio------. - -__1354 eluding Levisa and Tug 5. Operating and care of locks Forks ------------------ 1370 and dams on Little Kana- 10. Examinations, surveys, and wha River, W. Va ------- 1358 contingencies (general) 1371 6. Construction of locks and dams, Kanawha River, W. Va-------------------- 1361 1-3. For reports on these improvements see page 1308. 4. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON MUSKINGUM RIVER, OHIO Location and description.-This river, 107 miles in length, is formed at a point near Coshocton, Ohio, by the junction of the Walhonding and Tuscarawas Rivers, flows in a southerly direction and empties into the Ohio River at Marietta, Ohio. The improved section extends from the mouth to Dresden, Ohio, a distance of 91 miles; and in this section the fall is 1.4 feet per mile and the average width between banks is 600 feet. The drainage area of this river is approximately 8,040 square miles. Discharge at low water, 672 second-feet; at highest known water, 325,000 second-feet. High water generally occurs in the spring and low water in the fall months. See United States Geological Survey chart for the state of Ohio; scale, 1: 500,000. Origina condition.-This stream was improved by the State of Ohio from 1837 to 1841 at a cost of about $1,500,000. The United States took over these improvements, consisting of 12 locks, 11 dams, and 5 short lateral canals, in 1887. Through navigation was sus- pended at the time by reason of the condition of the works of im- provement. Two of the dams were broken, and the entire system was badly out of repair. Previous projects.--None. Existing project. This authorized the taking over, restoration, maintenance, and operation of the State works and plant to provide slack-water navigation between Lock No. 1, at Marietta, Ohio, and Dresden, Ohio, a distance of 91 miles. Navigation is afforded by 11 locks and dams and 4 short lateral canals, the minimum depth being 5.5 feet. The navigable depth between Lock No. and the mouth, I a distance of 0.25 mile, is provided by Dam No. 18, Ohio River, and by dredging. The usual variations of water level are about 38 feet at the mouth and 24 feet at Lock No. 10 (Zanesville, Ohio), but the flood of 1913 reached a height of 44.5 feet above lower pool at latter point. The original estimate of cost of restoring the dams taken over from the State of Ohio was $200,000. To this was added later the \ RIVERS AND HARBORS---HUN TINGTON, W. VA., DISTRICT 1355 construction of a new Lock and Dam, No. 11, at a cost of about $143,- 000, the repair and extension of a levee at Dam No. 10, and some minor work, the net total expended from specific appropriations having been $301,722.53. The construction of a new Lock, No. 1, was done in connection with the construction of an ice harbor as part of the Ohio River improvement and was not a part of this project. The maintenance of these works is provided for by annual allot- mnents from the appropriation for operating and care of canals, etc. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 5, 1886, provided for taking over from the State of Ohio the locks and dams then in existence (Nos. 1 to 10) and the restoration of these works by the United States (H. Doc. No. 48, 49th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the construction of Lock and Dam No. 11 and the ex- tension of the levee at Lock No. 10, and other new work of minor importance (H. Doc. No. 241, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). No map,of the river has been published. The following statement gives the characteristics of the locks and dams: Lock Dimen- sions Type of Sr construc- Location (nearest .0ti dam f town- all in Foundation (all fixed) 0 Ohio) 5 M Ft. Ftt.Ft. Ft. 1 Marietta....--------- 0. 25 55. 5 360 10. 8 8 2 4. Piles in gravel... Crib-...... 1890 $327, 500. 00 2 Devols...........--------5. 75 35.5 160 5. 5 10. 5 Rock_.......... ...--do....... 1840 91, 000. 00 3 Lowell.......---------... 13. 87 35. 5 160 5. 5 14. 5 Piles in gravel-......do_-....__ 1840 160, 000. 00 4 Beverly....-------- 24. 71 35. 5 160 5. 5 9. 4 Gravel............-do-...... 1840 122, 000. 00 5 Luke Chute...... 32.97 35. 5 160 5. 5 1840 10.9 Rock_:--------...........do....... 91, 000. 00 6 Stockport....... 39. 11 35. 5 160 5. 5 12. 1 do-..... do-------........... ...--- 1840 88. 000. 00 7 McConnelsville_ 48. 22 35.5 160 5. 5 10.1 -... 1840 127, 000. 00 _ do...----------...........do....... 8 Eagleport........ 56.00 35. 5 160 5. 5 11. 0 Piles in gravel-......do-...... 1840 90, 000. 00 9 Philo----...... __ 66.84 35.5 160 5. 5 11.3 1889 86, 000. 00 Rock---------..........--...do-...... 10 Zanesville 3-...... 75. 82 35. 159 7. 0 15. 1 Rock and gravel ....do.......1846 127, 000. 00 11 11 I Ellis..--------.83.92 Ellis ............83.92 35.5 35.56 160 7.1 f11.4 7. 7.4 Piles in gravel }Concrete5a and rock. 1910 143, 095.66 1 Total cost to the United States $301,722.53. 2Normal lift with Ohio River Dam No. 18 raised. Lock No. 1 has intermediate gate, only lower part usable. 8Double lock, flight of 2, tandem. ' Movable top on fixed dam. aWith movable crest. * Crest of fixed part. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local oooperation.-In addition to the work done on this river by the State of Ohio, the act of March 3, 1905, in providing for the con- struction of new Lock and Dam No. 11, specified that no part of the appropriation for Lock and Dam No. 11 should be expended unless the Secretary of War should have satisfactory assurance that the State of Ohio or other agency would expend a sum of not less than $200,000 on that part of the Ohio Canal system which connects the Muskingunm at Dresdon, Ohio, with Lake Erie. This amount was 1356 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, .U. S; ARMY, 19 3 0 expended on this canal, but the flood of March, 1913, so damaged it that it has been out of commission since. Terminal facilities.-Terminal facilities consist of a privately owned wharf boat at Marietta at a point on the Ohio River 600 feet above the mouth of the Muskingum River, numerous small ware- houses, also privately owned, in the cities and villages along the river; various private and public landings, generally unimproved, at points accessible to public roads, and two coal-loading tipples, one a short distance above Lock No. 9 and the other about 7 miles above Zanesville, from which coal is delivered to the large electric power plant just below Lock No. 9. There are also three sand and gravel unloading tipples, two in Marietta and one in Zanesville, from which the sand and gravel handled is mostly shipped by rail, but some is delivered by truck for local use. In a number of instances the munic- ipalities own paved wharves on their river fronts which are free to all. Nlone of the landings or warehouses have physical connection or arrangements for interchange of traffic with railways. The facilities, while somewhat meager, are apparently adequate for existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Dec. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has rendered transpor- tation easier, safer, and more reliable. It permitted the development of water power at a number of the dams, which power is leased by the United States for commercial purposes and is a source of con- siderable income. This applies to the river from its mouth to Zanes- ville, Ohio, a distance of 76 miles; above Zanesville to the navigable head of the river, a distance of 15 miles, there has been but little use of the river in recent years. Operations and results during fiscal yea.-The locks and dams and necessary plant were maintained in serviceable condition. Navigation was suspended 24 days on account of ice, 14 days by high water, and 7 days by repairs. At Lock No. 2, the short guide wall at the lower end of the river wall of the lock collapsed and was cleared from the lock approach. At Lock No. 3, a heating furnace was installed in the lock master's house, and the river bank was rip- rapped below the abutment of the dam. At Lock No. 4, a heating furnace was installed in and minor repairs made to the lock master's house. At Lock No. 5, major repairs were made to six valves in lower lock gates, and deposit was removed from the lock chamber. At Lock No. 9, deposit was removed from the lock chamber. At Lock No. 10, four timber beams and some sheathing were replaced on the middle lock gates. The U. S. dredges Cincinnati and Malta and the derrick boats Nos. 44, 63, and LK No. 7 dredged 181,602 cubic yards of deposit from the various lock chambers and approaches. The cost of maintenance during the fiscal year amounted to $76,- 489. The expenditures were $63,783.29. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The locks and dams are in fair condition. The 51/2 -foot depth provided is ample for needs of navi- gation. The total expended on the project at the close of the fiscal year from specific appropriations, including an allotment from the deficiency act of 1910, is as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-HUNTINGTON, W. VA., 1)ISTRIOT 1357 New work ------------------ ---------------------- --- $301,722.53 Maintenance (repair to levee, Dam No. 10, Zanesville, Ohio, act of Mar. 3, 1925) ------------- ----------------------------- 5, 462.08 From permanent indefinite appropriation--__ ----------- 3,428, 154. 76 Total ------------------------------------------ 3, 735, 339. 37 The project for improvement of this river consisting of rehabilita- tion of the old State works was completed in 1891. New Lock and Dam No. 11 was completed in 1910. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Com/mercial statistics.-The commerce consists of sand, gravel, farm products, brick, lumber, and inbound coal. Limit of draft for loaded boats, 5.5 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925----------.......... 293, 737 $732, 100 593 1928----------......... 527, 822 $1, 179, 484 895 1926---------- 392, 878 1,261,939 290 1929---------- 472,943 835,073 473 1927......---------- 804, 090 1,678,742 227 Relative fluctuations of short tons as compared with valuations are due to changes in kind and quality of articles transported. Cost and financial summary for operating and care funds Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------- ---------- $3, 328, 557.20 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---------- 102, 517. 68 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_ ----------------------- 3, 431, 074. 88 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------ 2, 245. 98 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930------- ------------ 3, 433, 320. 86 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930----------------------- 5, 166. 10 Net total expenditures-----------------------------3, 428, 154. 76 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------- 17, 971.11 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 3, 446, 125. 87 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work..........----------------- Cost of maintenance...------------------$120, 147. 43 $74, 209.09 $50, 600.61 $68, 585. 25 $76,489.00 Total expended-.....---------------------- 104, 175. 14 81, 976. 95 56, 239. 18 62, 036. 94 63,783.29 Allotted...---...-------------------------- 17,500.00 80,000.00 67,800.00 39,000. 00 75,000.00 1358 BRpORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U S.. ARMY, 1990 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929.----------------------------- $6,754. 40 Amount alloted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909---------------- ----------- 75, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------------- 81, 754. 40 Gross amount expended------------------------------ $63, 888. 29 Less receipts from sales----------------------------- 105. 00 63, 783.29 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--- ------------------- 17, 971. 11 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------------------- 4, 415. 28 Balance available June 30, 1930 ------------------------- 13, 555. 83 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930-----------------------------2, 245. 98 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930-------------- 15, 801. 81 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931-------------------------- 70, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931 ------------------------- 85, 801. 81 Cost and financial sumnary for maintenance an improvement fiun4s Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $301, 722. 53 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930- ---- ----------------- , 462. 08 5----, Net total expenditures ------------------------------- 307, 184. 61 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------------- 307, 184. 61 5. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON LITTLE KANAWHA RIVER, W. VA. Location and description.-This river rises on the western slope of Laurel Hill, W. Va., flows northwesterly for about 158 miles, and empties into the Ohio River at Parkersburg, W. Va. It is improved for a distance of 48 miles from its mouth. Its drainage area is approximately 2,288 square miles. The river varies in width from 125 feet at Burnsville (122 miles above the mouth) to 300 feet at its mouth. The average fall from Bulltown,- at foot of mountains and 127 miles from mouth, to Creston, 48 miles from mouth, is 1.6 feet per mile, and from Creston to mouth 1.3 feet per mile. Original condition.-At the time of adoption of original project there were four locks and dams owned by a private corporation, which afforded a navigable depth of 4 feet for 40 miles above the mouth of the river, or 2 miles above Burning Springs, W. Va., the head of steamboat navigation. Above this point the river was obstructed by logs, bowlders, etc., rendering hazardous the floating of timber (the principal commodity). These four locks (Nos. 1 to 4) were purchased by the United States on November 1, 1905, at a cost of $75,000. Previous projects.--The original project was adopted by the act approved August 14, 1876. The amount expended on previous proj- ects prior to commencement of operations under the existing project was $214,604.10, of which $213,699.40 was for new work and $904.70 for maintenance. For scope of previous projects see page 1912 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This project provides for five locks with fixed dams, to give a navigable depth of 4 feet from the mouth of the river to Creston, a distance of 48 miles. Under this project one lock and dam (No. 5) was constructed, and four locks and dams (Nos. RIVERS AND HARBORS-HUNTINGTON, W. VA., DISTRICT 1359 1 to 4) were purchased from the Little Kanawha Navigation Co. The extreme fluctuations of the river are due to floods, varying from 29.2 feet above low water at Creston, the head of slack-water improvement and continuous navigation, to 58.6 feet above low water at the mouth at Parkersburg, where the maximum stage is governed by the Ohio River. The original estimate of cost of Lock and Dam No. 5 was $62,000 for a lock of masonry and a crib dam. The actual cost was $167,875. The original estimate of cost of the purchase and repair of Locks and Dams Nos. 1 to 4 was $163,000. The actual cost was as follows: Purchase of locks and dams----- ----------------------- $75, 000. 00 Repairs and improvements----------------------------------- 207, 059. 50 Total -------------------------------------- 282, 059. 50 The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the construction of a lock and dam (No. 5) 2 miles above Burning Springs (Annual Report of 1875, pt. 1, p. 740) ; the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the purchase and repair of Locks and Dams Nos. 1 to 4, inclusive (H. Doc. No. 309, 58th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1904, p. 2607). The latest published map is contained in House Document No. 12, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Little Kanawha River Location Lock dimensions Available depths Lift at over miter sills at Lock normal normal pool levels Year of Cost of 1 pool com- lock and No. Dis- Greatest Nearest town (all in tance available Width levels pletion dam West Virginia) above length of Lower mouth chamber Upper Miles Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet 1 Parkersburg------------...... 3. 5 125 23 6. 4 11. 1 10. 2 1874 2 Slate_------------- 14.5 125 23 11.3 9.7 4.4 1874 3 Elizabeth...--------------........... 25. 5 125 23 11. 0 10. 9 5. 0 1874 $75, 4 ............. Palestine-------------- 31.0 125 23 11.9 8. 5 4.1 1874 5 Ivan.... ----------------- 40. 5 125 26 12. 4 7. 6 4. 0 1891 167,875 1Character of foundation, rock; kind of dam, fixed. Type of construction-lock, stone; dam, timbe crib filled with stone. Land wall of Lock No. 5 on piles in gravel. 2 Purchase price. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The only terminal facilities on the river are a large wharf boat and a gasoline and oil-loading station at the mouth, at Parkersburg, and small wharf boats at Burning Springs, in pool No. 4, and at Creston, at the head of slack water, in pool No. 5. The wharf boats are privately owned but available for public use. The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. maintains a warehouse at the terminus of its Little Kanawha River branch at Owensport, 32 miles from mouth of river and 1 mile above Lock No. 4, at which place transfers are made between boats and railroad. These termi- nal facilities are adequate for the amount and character of freight available for shipment on this stream. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) 11714---ENG 1930 - 86 1360 :RPORT OF CRIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 30 Efect of improvement.-The improvement has made continuous navigation possible over the stretch of river it covers, and its effect extends even farther upstream, as considerable freight is transferred at the head of the improved part to small shallow-draft boats and carried to points farther upstream. At the time of adoption of this project and for some time subsequently the territory along this stream was dependent almost entirely on water transportation. A railroad now exists along the lower 32 miles of the river. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The locks and dams and necessary plant were maintained in serviceable condition. Navi- gation was suspended 201/2 days by ice, 52/3 days by high water, and 22 hours by repairs. The cost of maintenance during the fiscal year amounted to $19,866.12. The expenditures were $16,614.26. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The locks and dams are in fair condition except the middle part of the river wall of Lock No. 1, which requires reconstruction. The maximum draft that can be carried in minimum low water through the channel over the shoalest part of the river between its mouth and Creston is 4 feet; above Creston in open channel it is scarcely six inches. The total expenditures under existing project at the end of the fiscal year are as follows: New work-------------------------------------- $256, 836.62 Maintenance-------- ----- -22, 977.28 From permanent indefinite appropriation_ .. ___ __...__ 493, 078. 59 Total---------..----------- ------ -- 772, 892. 49 The project for improvement of this river was completed during the fiscal year 1914. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists principally of tim- ber products, sand and gravel, ores and metals, and vegetable food products. The minmum depth of the navigable channel at low water in the improved section of the river is 4 feet. Comparative statement Floated timber Year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value 1924---..... ------------------------------ 43, 192 $4, 070, 722 7, 551 2, 759 $26, 211 1925------- -------------------------- 25, 840 2,871,479 4, 753 ....................----- 1926...--------------------------------- 226,762 4,780,155 2,629 .. ........- . 1927--.........------------------------------- 264,450 4,794, 632 2,846 1928--...--------.-----------------------132, 923 4,820,263 2, 601 1929.....------------------------------ 280, 525 5, 871, 881 1,124................... The tonnage and value of floated timber are not included in columns 2 and 3. RIVERS AND HARBORS---HUNTINGTON, W. VA. DISTRICT 1361 Cost and finanoial summary for maintenance can4 improvement fund s . Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------...............----------------- $470, 536.02 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-... -. .-------- 23, 881. 98 Net total expenditures - .-.. ---...... - 494, 418. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--.---------- - 494, 418. 00 Cost and finanoial summary for operating and care funds Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_-----_- ------- $483, _----------- 439. 29 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 _------_--- 10, 607. 50 Net total cost to June 30, 1930---------------------- 494, 046. 79 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930.------------------------ 247. 00 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930__--------------------- 494, 293. 79 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------- 1, 215. 20 Net total expenditures------------------------------ 493, 078. 59 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------- 40, 309. 34 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------533, 387. 93 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work------------------------------- ----------------------------------- Cost of maintenance------ ------------- _ $34, 794.80 $23,171.84 $18, 543.24 $22, 303.78 $19, 866.12 Total expended-----...............-----.........----------- 31, 903. 15 28, 082. 74 18, 445.89 22, 978.32 16, 614. 26 Allotted----------.. --------- ---------- 30, 000. 00 22, 000. 00 18, 500. 00 18, 500. 00 50,000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------------- $6,923.60 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, sec. 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909 .---------------------------- 50, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for -------------------------- 56,923.60 Gross amount expended---------------------------- ------ 16,614.26 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 --------------------- 40,309.34 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 -------------------------- 1, 256. 93 Balance available June 30, 1930--_---------------------- 39, 052. 41 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930.-------------........--------------- 247. 00 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--------------- 39, 299. 41 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931----__---_-------------- 20, 000.00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931-----_---------------- --- 59, 299. 41 6. CONSTRUCTION LOCKS AND DAMS, KANAWHA RIVER, W. VA. Location and description.-This river is entirely in the State of West Virginia, and is formed by the junction of the New and Gauley Rivers a short distance above Kanawha Falls. It flows about 97 miles in a general northwesterly direction and empties into the Ohio River at Point Pleasant, W. Va. It is improved from its mouth for about 90 miles. sIts drainage area is about 12,200 square miles. The fall in the first 12 miles above Lock No. 2 is 4.2 feet per mile, and in the 85 miles from Lock No. 2 to the mouth the fall is1.1 feet per mile. The width ranges from 600 feet in the upper portion to 700 1362 REPRoT orF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY, 1930 feet, in the lower. The low-water discharge at the mouth is about 1,100 cubic feet per second. The maximum flood discharge at the mouth is estimated at approximately 250 000 cubic feet per second. Original condition.-At the time of the adoption of the original project the States of Virginia and West Virginia had improved the river, chiefly by dredging chutes through the shoals and building wing walls and dikes for the purpose of extending the period of navi- gation. Tolls were levied on the traffic for payment of the expenses of improvement. This work afforded navigation for packets and small freight-carring barges and flats for about 90 miles above the mouth of the river for a portion of each year. Above Loup Creek (90 miles above mouth) the slope of the river increases so rapidly and the shoals are so numerous and badly obstructed by rocks and bowlders that navigation is infeasible. Previous projects.--The original project, adopted by the act ap- proved March 3, 1873, was modified by the act approved March 3, 1875. These projects were completed, and the amount expended under them was $50,000. (For scope of previous projects, see p. 1913 of Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-The existing project provides for eight locks with movable dams and two locks with fixed dams to furnish a 6-foot navigable depth from the mouth to a point 90 miles above. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, provides for the replacement of Locks and Dams Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 5, with two new locks and dams, and provides further that any dredging in the section of river above Charleston shall be prosecuted with a view to obtaining a depth of 9 feet and a width of 200 feet. The extreme fluctuations of the river are due to floods and vary from 36.2 feet above low water at Kanawha Falls, about 5 miles above the head of the slack-water improvement and about 2 miles below where the Kanawha River is formed by the junction of the New and the Gauley Rivers, to 62.1 feet above low water at the mouth at Point Pleasant, W. Va., where the maximum stage is governed by the Ohio River. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1930, is $7,847,600, this amount being exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1875 (Annual Report for 1875, pt. 2, pp. 90 to 98), which provides for the construction of nine locks with movable dams and three locks with fixed dams. This project was modified by reducing the number of movable dams to eight (Annual Report for 1879, p. 550), and after two of the three fixed dams had been constructed the construction of the third (No. 1) was postponed until its necessity should become more apparent. The act of July 3, 1930 provided for the replacement of Locks and Dams 2 to 5, and for dredging (H. Doc. 190, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps are con- tained in House Documents Nos. 41, Sixty-third Congress, first session, and 190, Seventieth Congress, first session. Kanawha River Location Lock dimensions Available depths over miter Lift at sills at normal Year of Cost of Lock normal pool levels Character of Kind of dam com .lock and No. Dis- Greatest pool foundation Type of construction Nearest town (all in tance available Width levels pletion dam West Virginia) above length of mouth chamber Upper Lower 1 1 - 1--I Miles Fedet Feet Feet Feet Feet 11 Rock-- --- 6o I 10.33 8.00 8.67 Fixed...------. Lock, stone; dam, timber crib filled 1887 i $353, 2 Montgomery-...---.-. 84.50 271 50 Rock-------- with stone. (a) (3) London................ 83.00 4360 24.00 14. 00 12. 00 ..... do _..... Roller gates..... Concrete and steel ...------ -------- 1, 750,000 3 Paint Creek------------- 79. 50 272 13. 67 10. 67 do.........Fixed.......... 7. 00 ...---- Lock, stone; dam, timber crib filled 1882 * 490,000 50 with stone. 4 Coalburg-------- 73. 25 274 7.25 14. 00 6. 75 .....----do...... Movable cha- Lock, stone; dam, concrete, iron, and 1880 6 275, 000 tJ noine. timber. (3) Marmet................. 67.90 '360 50 24.00 14. 00 12. 00 ----...do......... Roller gates..._ Concrete and steel.....--------------- (7) 61,750,000 do.........-------- 5 ..... 67.25 274 7.50 14. 00 6.50 .....- do- ....... Movable cha- Lock, stone; dam, concrete, iron, and 1880 6 275, 000 O 55 nolne. timber. 6 Charleston .............. 54. 00 313 55 8. 50 15. 25 6. 75 --...do......... .....do........... ..... do------------------------------- 1886 2 337, 625 7 St. Albans.............. 44.00 313 55 8.25 15. 00 6.75 ---.....-- do....-----...-- ..... do...........-..... do-------------------------------- 1893 2 341, 136 8 Winfield......-.-...---. 36. 00 313 55 8.00 16. 25 8.25 ...--- do--.........-- ...--- do-. ..--------- do ------------------------- 1893 a281, 975 9 Fraziers Bottom-........ 25.25 313 55 6.25 13. 75 7.50 ---.....do---.........-- do........... ..... --... do-------------------------------- 1898 2 307,120 10 Buffalo .................. 19.00 313 55 7.00 14. 00 7.00 ....do--.........-- do........... ..... ..... do..------------------------------- 1898 S282, 906 11 Point Pleasant.......... 1. 75 313 55 5. 65 17. 00 11. 35 Hardpan...... ..... do................ do-------------------------------- 1898 ' 637, $03 h I 0 1 The construction of this lock and dam has been omitted from the project. 2Actual. ' These dams will replace existing Locks and Dams Nos. 2 to 5, inclusive. 4 Twin locks, each 56 by 360 feet, contemplated. ' No work has been done. 6 Estimated. 7 Plans are under preparation. C3 r 1364 REPORT OF a IE 0P ENGINEERS, 'F U. S. =ARM=Y, 91130 Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The only public terminal facilities on this river consist of a paved wharf and a wharf boat for handling packet shipments at Charleston, W. Va. There are three gasoline and oil unloading stations at Charleston, Pratt, and Cabin Creek, but not available for public use. Numerous coal tipples owned by private interests exist, available for use only to the owners for loading into barges the coal mined by them. There is also a freight terminal at Charleston where freight may be transferred from barge to cars or vice versa. The existing public terminals are inadequate for any extensive shipping. How much the lack of such facilities has contributed to the decline of miscellaneous traffic can not be stated, but probably to a considerable extent. (For a full description of terminal facili- ties see H. Doc 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement of this river has ren- dered transportation by water easier, safer, and continuous, so far as sufficient navigable depth of water is concerned. It has made pos- sible the marketing of immense quantities of coal mined in the valley. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The river is improved by a sys- tem of two fixed (Nos. 2 and 3) and eight movable (Nos. 4 to 11) dams with locks. The structures are in fairly good condition except the four older ones, Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 5. These structures will be replaced by two fixed dams under modification of the project ap- proved by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. The maximum draft that can be carried at low water through the channel from the shoalest part of the river between its mouth and a point about 2 miles below Loup Creek Shoals (88 miles above the mouth of the river) is 6 feet, with pools full. Above that point the minimum depth in the open channel is less than 1 foot. The total costs and expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year for new work were $4,244,612.25. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The sum of $900,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, for new work as follows: Purchase of land for lower site------------------- -------- $25, 000 Entering into contract for constructing lock at lower site --- ______.. 821, 000 Engineering, administration, and contingencies_.---_-_-........ . 54, 000 900, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists principally of coal products. The tonnage and value of floated timber are not included in col- umns two and three. The minimum depth of the navigable channel at low water in the improved section of the river is 6 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-HUNTINGTON, W. VA., DISTRICT 1365 Comparative statement Floated timber Year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value 1925 1-- -- -- -- -- --- 984, 408 $6, 449, 359 3,,697 232 $2, 088 1926._.,......-- .....- .......- ... ...-.- ....- .... 1, 360,109 6, 859, 760 3, 511 .......... _.......... 1927......... . ..... .................... . I, 420, 776 7, 250, 931 4, 588 .......... .......... 1928.............----------------------------------- 1929..............----------------------------------- 1, 595, 846 1, 532, 264 7, 332, 986 7, 514, 796 3, 370 3, 596 _......._._.......... 1Revision due to correction in coal tonnage. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ ----------------------- $4, 294, 612. 25 Net total expenditures --------------- --- __- ___--- 4, 294, 612. 25 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ______--------4, 294, 612. 25 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.............. ........................................................ Cost of maintenance..... ..... . . . Total expended---------------------------------------.---- .. .--.. . .. .. . --.-.. Allotted.... ..........................-...................................... Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project , ---------------------------------------- $3, 603, 000 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for new work ------------------------------------ 900, 000 7. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON KANAWHA RIVER, W. VA. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms a part of the project for the construction of locks and dams, Kanawha River, W. Va. See pages 1361 to 1365 where general in- formation regarding the improvement can be found. The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the per- manent indefinite appropriation. See existing project, page 1362. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The locks and dams were operated and necessary repairs made. During the year navi- gation was suspended by high water three days at Lock No. 2 and four and one-fourth days at Lock No. 3. The Government telephone line was maintained and operated from Kanawha Falls to Lock No. 11. About 71/2 miles of new line were rebuilt, including 22 new poles and resetting 30 poles. At Lock No. 6, 62 new wickets and 60 new horses were installed in the navigable pass. Twenty-six new wickets, 46 new horses, 89 filling boards in the old wickets, 16 horse boxes, and one hurter were placed in the weir; and an electric capstan installed on the lock wall. At Lock No. 7, two lock-gate valve blades were replaced and an electric capstan installed on the lock wall. At Lock No. 8, the upper guide wall was rebuilt, im- proved, and strengthened by the addition of four 12 by 14 foot stone-filled cribs equally spaced along the 300-foot length. At Lock No. 9, new upper timber beams and blocks were installed on the 1366 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 lower lock gates;* and eleven lock-gate valve blades were replaced and an electric capstan installed on the lock wall. At Lock No. 10, 64 new wickets were installed in the weir, the miter sills for the lock gates were renewed, and an electric capstan installed on the lock wall. At lock No. 11, 19 wickets were installed, and the frames re- newed on the four cribs for operating lock gates. A contract was entered into October 29 for the construction of a 90-foot Diesel electric-driven towboat. About 60,370 cubic yards of deposit were dredged from the approaches to Locks 10 and 11 and from the chan- nel at Harveys Shoal, a short distance below Lock No. 2. The cost of maintenance during the fiscal year amounted to $190,- 613.75. The expenditures were $164,681.08. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The river is improved by a system of two fixed (Nos. 2 and 3), and eight movable (Nos. 4 to 11), dams with locks. The structures are iln fairly good condition except the four older ones (Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 5). The fixed dams of the former two and the movable dams of the latter two are in poor condition, and will soon require extensive repairs or replacement. The max- imum draft that can be carried at low water through the channel from the shoalest part of the river between its mouth and a point about 2 miles below Loup Creek Shoals (88 miles above the mouth of the river) is 6 feet, with pools full. Above that point the mini- mum depth in the open channel is less than 1 foot. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year from the permanent indefinite appropriation have been $3,940,476.10. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-See preceding report on construction of locks and dams, Kanawha River, W. Va. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------- $3, 883, 512. 55 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930----------- 77, 351. 31 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-____________________ 3, 960, 863. 86 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930--------------- -------- 2, 941. 52 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930----------------___ 3, 963, 805. 38 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_ 11111111111111___1 23, 329. 28 Net total expenditures---------------- -------- 3, 940, 476. 10 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 47, 047. 35 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------___ 3, 987, 523. 45 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ---------------------------------.............................................................. Cost of maintenance_.-----------------_$191,505.63 $181,904.83 $182, 798.65 $174, 83. 56 $190, 613.76 Total expended........___------------------ 189,377.21 175, 743.75 185, 746. 47 183, 472.03 164, 681.08 Allotted-------...............------- -------- 208, 000. 00 209, 000. 00 170,000. 00 165, 000. 00 160, 800. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS---HUNTINGTON, W. VA., DISTRICT 1367 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ _$50, 928.43 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, sec. 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909 .. ---------------- 255,000.00 Amount to be accounted for ..-------------------- 305, 928.43 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment--------------- 94, 200. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------ ----- 211,728.43 Gross amount expended ---------------------- $164, 764.58 Less receipts from saleLs. 88.50 164, 681. 08 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------- ---- 47, 047. 35 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930__1111111111 1 22, 072. 64 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts------- 775. 65 22, 848. 29 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------- ---- 24,199.06 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930---------------- ----- 2, 941. 52 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930- --.----- - 27, 140. 58 . Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931-- - 180, 000.00 .------------ Amount available for fiscal year 1931-- ------- --- 207, 140.58 8. BIG SANDY RIVER AND LEVISA AND TUG FORKS, W. VA. AND KY. Location and description.-The Big Sandy River, which is non- tidal, is formed at Louisa, Ky., by the junction of the Levisa and Tug Forks, flows nearly due north for 27 miles, and empties into the Ohio River at Catlettsburg, Ky., about 10 miles below Hunting- ton, W. Va. Levisa Fork rises in southwestern Virginia, is 142 miles long, and flows north; and Tug Fork rises in West Virginia, is 137 miles long, and flows northwest. The drainage area of the Big Sandy and forks is 4,182 square miles, and the discharge at extreme low water about 100 second-feet. The extreme high-water discharge is not known. The extreme low-water stage ordinarily obtains in October and November and the high-water stage in the winter and spring months. The slope is somewhat in excess of 1 foot per mile in the main stream and from 1.3 to 1.8 per mile in the forks. The width of the improved section varies from 250 to 400 feet on the main river and 150 to 300 feet in the forks. (See U. S. Geological Survey chart for States of West Virginia and Kentucky; scale 1:500, 000.) Original condition.-These streams were obstructed by snags, bowlders, leaning trees, etc. The channel at moderate stages was about 30 to 50 feet in width and 2 to 4 in depth, and during the late summer and fall months depths were reduced to a few inches. At good stages steamboats ascended to Pikeville, on Levisa Fork, and Pond Creek, on Tug Fork, distances of 88.5 and 58.1 miles, respectively, above Louisa, the junction, 27 miles from the mouth. Rafts of logs and push boats were run from points some 20 or 30 miles above the boating limits. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of July 18, 1878, and modified by the acts of June 14, 1880, and July 13, 1892. Total cost and expenditures on original and modified projects were $380,431.16. (For further details of previous project see Annual Report for 1915, p. 1929.) 1368 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Existing project.-This provides for three locks and dams on the main river, two locks and dams each on Levisa Fork and Tug Fork, and regulating works below Lock No. 1, reaching to the Ohio River. Only the three locks and dams on the main river and the lower lock and dam on each fork have been constructed. The existing im- provement gives a connection with pool formed by Dam No. 29, Ohio River, a slack-water depth of 6 feet from the Ohio River to Louisa, Ky., 27 miles, and thence to Cox Branch on Levisa Fork and to Bear Branch on Tug Fork, 17.5 and 12.5 miles, respectively, above Louisa. The clearing of the forks above slack-water limits to Pikeville on Levisa Fork and to Pond Creek on Tug Fork is also included in the project. The locks have available dimensions of 55 by 158 feet, except No. 3, which is 52 by 158 feet. The usual variations of water level are about 50 feet in lower part and 35 feet in upper part of river, extreme heights of more than 60 feet being reached when the Ohio River is in flood. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $2,256,800. The maintenance of these works is provided for by annual allotments from the appropriation for operating and care of canals, etc. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the construction of lock near Louisa, Ky.; the act of July 13, 1892, provided for a movable dam at lock near Louisa, Ky. (H. Doc. No. 25, 52d Cong., 1st sess.); act of March 3, 1899, provided for construction of two locks and dams on main stream (H. Doc. No. 456, 55th Cong., 2d sess.) ; act of June 13, 1902, provided for removal of obstructions and construction of one lock and movable dam each on Levisa and Tug Forks, and raising crest of Dam No. 3; act of March 3, 1905, provided for regulating works at mouth of river; act of March 2, 1907, provided for the construction of a service bridge at Dam No. 1. No map of the river has been published. The following statement gives the characteristics of the locks and dams included in this report: Lock Location Dimensions Lock " ". Dam- and S. Type of - a Dam . .Founda- A 05No.tion construc- tion1 a Nearest town 0 Miles Feet Feet Feet Feet 1 Catlettsburg, Ky_.. 0.3 54. 5 159. 5 13. 5 9. 0 Sandstone Concrete.. 1905 $318,417. 64 2 Buchanan, Ky...... 12. 9 54. 5 159. 5 12. 6 6.0 .__do-..........do-....... 1905 278, 893.10 3 Louisa, Ky......... 26.6 51.5 157. 5 10. 6 7.8 ___do....... Stone and 1897 396, 304. 98 concrete. 1L Gallup, Ky.-....... 34.8 54. 5 159. 5 11.0 8.7 ... do....... Concrete.. 1910 250,128. 70 2L Richardson, Ky- 44. 3 54.5 -- 12. 0 --......... do--..........do.......() 545, 000. 00 1T Saltpeter, W. Va.... 30. 4 54. 5 159. 5 12. 0 7. 7 Piles in ... do....... 1910 268, 452.26 gravel. 2T Webb, W. Va-....... 38.1 54.5 -... 12. 0 -. San~dstone. ... do....- (s) a 507,500.00 1All movable dams. s Not built. SEstimated, 1928. RIVERS AND HARBORS-HUNTINGTON, W. VA., DISTRICT 1369 Recommended modifications of project. Recommendation was made September 8, 1914, that the slack-water improvement of the Tug and Levisa Forks be discontinued. (H. Doc. No. 1159, 63d Cong., 2d sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The only terminal is for loading gasoline and oils at a refinery about 4 miles above Lock No. 1, Big Sandy River. There is no physical connectior between rail and river traffic except a temporary cableway for the traisfer of crossties and no arrange- ment for exchange of commerce. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has rendered water transportation safer and more continuous. The improvement has had no effect on freight rates either by rail or water. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Furtherimprovement by the construction of locks and dams has been suspended pending action of Congress on recommended modifications of the project in House Document No. 1159, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 54 per cent completed. Locks and Dams Nos. 1, 2, and 3, Big Sandy River, and Nos. 1 on each of Levisa and Tug Forks are completed and in operation. The crest of Dam No. 3 has been raised, the serv- ice bridge provided at Dam No. 1, Big Sandy, and regulating works at mouth of river completed. The sites for Locks and Dams Nos. 2 on each fork have been selected but not purchased. The 6-foot slack- water depth, considerably reduced by sand bars which form near the heads of pools at times of floods, now exists to about 18 miles up Levisa Fork and 12 miles up Tug Fork. Above these points the river has been cleared of obstructions so as to facilitate push-boat navigation and rafting to above Pikeville on Levisa Fork, and Pond Creek on Tug Fork. This depth is sometimes reduced to 4 feet or even less. The total cost of the existing project to June 30, 1930, for new work was $1,204,304.92, and for maintenance, $64,857.66, being in all, $1,269,162.58. The expenditures were the same. Proposed operations.-None. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists largely of oil and gasoline. Other items are saw logs, crossties, telephone poles, and scattered shipments of scrap iron, farm products, and general mer- chandise. Draft for loaded boats is limited to 6 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1924---------.......... 29, 477 $970, 621 599 1927---------.......... 35, 137 $911,864 118 1925---------.......... 29, 154 1, 102, 946 162 19281--------........ 18, 464 575, 946.......... --------- 1926.......... 49, 950 1, 001, 701 136 1929----------.... 30, 819 687,082.......... 1Includes 1,945 tons of saw logs, poles, and ties valued at $18,445. 3 Includes 14,322 tons of saw logs, poles, and ties valued at $128,898. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__ ---------------------- $1, 584, 736. 08 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 64, 857. 66 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 -------- 1, 649, 593. 74 Net total expenditures __----------------------- -- 1, 649, 593. 74 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 649, 593. 74 1------------, 1370 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new w ork ........-- .-.-..- .- .-..--- Cost of maintenance.---------....... .------ .---...-- ... - .-.----- . ....- .. ...--------- . -....-- .____..------------.- -.. --.. . --.. _.--. .--- Total expended------........ ---------..------------. Allotted-------. .......--------------------- ---.------------------------ Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------- ----------------------------- $1, 052, 500 9. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON BIG SANDY RIVER, W. VA. AND KY., INCLUDING LEVISA AND TUG FORKS The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for improving Big Sandy River and Levisa and Tug Forks, W. Va. and Ky. (See p. 1867, where general infor- mation can be found.) The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropria- tion since the date given opposite each: No. 1. Big Sandy, February 1, 1905. No. 2. Big Sandy, May 10, 1905. No. 3. Big Sandy, January 1, 1897. No. 1. Levisa Fork, January 1, 1910. No. 1. Tug Fork, January 1, 1910. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The completed locks and dams were operated and maintained. The abutment at Lock No. 1, Tug Fork, was repaired by replacing 16 linear feet of wall and repairing the paved slope in the rear, a total of 123 cubic yards of concrete being placed. Repairs to the lower guide wall of the lock consisted of placing about 60 cubic yards of concrete to prevent further erosion under the wall. Navigation was suspended by ice 25 days and by repairs 43 days. The total cost during the fiscal year amounted to $44,162.13, and the expenditures were $43,111.19. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The locks and dams were in good condition. The dwellings at Locks Nos. 1, 2, and 3, Big Sandy River, were generally in fair condition but in poor condition at Locks Nos. 1, Tug and Levisa Forks. The works reasonably meet the needs of navigation on these streams. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year from the permanent indefinite appropriation have been $836,790.16. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists largely of oil and gasoline. Other items are saw logs, crossties, telephone poles, and scattered shipments of scrap iron, farm products, and general mer- chandise. Draft for loaded boats is limited to 6 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS--HUNTINGTON, W. VA., DISTRICT 1371 Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925---------- 29, 154 $1, 102, 946 162 1928 1---......... 18, 464 $575, 946 ............ 1926--------.........-- 49, 950 1, 001, 701 136 1929--------....... 30,819 687,082 1927.......... 35, 137 911, 864 118 1Includes 1,945 tons of saw logs, poles, and ties valued at $18,445. s Includes 14,322 tons of saw logs, poles, and ties valued at $128,898. Cost and flnanatal summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930- - --------------------- $840, 545. 41 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------------... 1, 062. 00 Net total cost to June 30, 1930------------------------841, 607. 41 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------------- 4, 817. 25 Net total expenditures_-_----------------- _-- _- _ 836, 790.16 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------------------- 7, 197. 04 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 843, 987. 20 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1980 Cost of new work.------ --------- Cost of maintenance-----.----------.. $37, 828.51 $41, 673.59 $36, 016.15 $42,199. 58 $44,162.13 Total expended..-------....... ..... 42, 557. 70 41, 575. 45 86, 319. 22 40, 574. 65 43, 111.19 Allotted.. ..----------------------------- 23, 500.00 48, 000.00 40, 000.00 35, 000.00 42, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ $8, 308.23 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909-------------------------42,000.00 Amount to be accounted for .--- . ----------------- 50, 308.23 Gross amount expended--------------------------$43,333.94 Less receipts from sales---------------------------- 222. 75 43,111. 19 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---- - 7, 197. 04 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------ 5, 235.12 Balance available June 30, 1930___------ -- -------- 1, 961. 92 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931------- ------------ _----- 50,000.00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931__--_-------_-------- 51, 961. 92 10. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of prelimi- nary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928) ; collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, in- spections and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor line studies; fish net inspections; administration charges incurred in con- 1372 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 nection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor rou- tine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $43,390.22; the expenditures were $49,035.17. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $8,000 can be profita- bly expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- $75, 543.42 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-----------------____-- 1, 973. 93 Net total expenditures ------------------------- 73, 569. 49 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 --------------------------- 33, 730. 51 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_ .------__..--- 107, 300. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of maintenance-........-----------... ------ ---------------------------- $32, 153. 20 $43, 390.22 Total expended-------- ----- ----------------------- 24, 534. 32 49, 035.17 Allotted ---------------------- ------------------ 57, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__ ________-__ - ____ $32, 765.68 Amount allotted from War Dept. appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 -------- ---------- $30, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Dept. appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929 _________----_____ __ 20, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for------ ____-___ 765. 68 -_______-82, Gross amount expended _----------------------------- 49, 035.17 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------- 33, 730.51 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930___---- - -------- 2,120. 29 Balance available June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 31, 610. 22 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year - - ending - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - -- - -- - - June 30, 1932, for maintenance 8, 000. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED JANUARY 21, 1927, AND JULY 3, 1930 The local engineer was charged with the duty of making prelimi- nary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor acts approved January 21, 1927, and July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Little Kanawha River, W. Va. 2. Kanawha River, W. Va., from Lock No. 5 to its mouth. 3. Big Sandy River and Tug and Levisa Forks, W. Va., and Ky., with a view to completing the slack-water projects on these rivers. 4. Hocking River, Ohio. x Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-INCINNATI, OHIO, DISTRICT 1373 IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE CINCINNATI, OHIO, DISTRICT This district comprises the stretch of the Ohio River from Stouts Run, 1.9 miles below Dam No. 32, near Vanceburg, Ky., to 1.5 miles above Madison, Ind., a distance of 171.7 miles, within which are located Dams Nos. 33 to 39, both inclusive; also all work on the Kentucky River, Ky.' District engineer: Lieut. Col. R. G. Powell, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. H. B. Ferguson, Corps of Engineers, to October 10, 1929, Lieut. Col. G. R. Spalding, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Ohio Rive r, open-channel 4. Operating snag boats on the work--------------------- 1308 Ohio River------------- 1308 2. Construction of Locks and 5. Operating and care of locks Dams Nos. 33-39, Ohio and dams on Kentucky River -------------------- 1308 River, Ky---------------- 1373 3. Operating and care of Locks 6. Examinations, surveys, and and Dams Nos. 33-39, Ohio contingencies (general).-- 1377 River -------------------- 1308 1-4. For reports on these improvements see page 1308. 5. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON KENTUCKY RIVER, KY. Location and description.-The Kentucky River is formed near Beattyville, Ky., by the junction of the North, Middle, and South Forks, which rise in southeastern Kentucky, and flows in a north- westerly direction for about 255 miles to the Ohio River at Carroll- ton, Ky. The drainage area is 5,904 square miles, and the discharge at extreme low water is about 100 second-feet. The extreme high- water discharge is not known. The low-water stages ordinarily occur during October and November and high-water stages in the winter and spring months. The river has an average fall of about 0.8 foot per mile. The width of the improved section in the lower part is about 400 feet and in the upper part 250 to 300 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey chart for State of Kentucky; scale, 1: 500,000.) Original condition.-The State of Kentucky built five locks and dams, providing slack water in the river from a point 4 miles above its mouth to a point near Oregon, Ky., a distance of 93 miles, com- pleting the work about 1844, at a cost of about $780,000. These works were taken over by the General Government in 1879, and were, in general, in bad condition and unable to maintain depths suitable for navigation. The river above slack water was not available for steamboat navigation, except at times of freshets, the channel being only about 30 to 50 feet in width and with very small depths. Log rafts were able to come out from the upper river on moderate rises and push-boat navigation was carried on to and above Beattyville. Previous projects.-None. Ewiating project.-The project provides for 14 locks and fixed dams to give, in connection with the improvement of the Ohio River, a slack-water navigation of 6 feet minimum depth from the Ohio 1 Includes Dams Nos. 29 to 39, inclusive, effective July 1, 1930. 1374 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 River to points on the three forks a short distance above Beattyville, Ky. 'The total length of pool water is about 280 miles. The river ordinarily rises to a height of 50 feet in the lower part and 30 feet in the upper part. The extreme height due to floods from Ohio River backwater exceeds 65 feet in lower sections and occasional floods exceed 40 feet in the upper pools. The original estimate of cost, which contemplated the rehabilita- tion of the State locks and dams and the extension of slack water to the three forks at Beattyville, was $1,074,402, revised later to $4,865,550 for its completion. The maintenance of these works is provided for by annual allotments from the appropriation for oper- ating and care of canals, etc. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879, in accordance with the report published in House Document No. 47, Forty-fifth Congress, third session. No map of the river has been published. The following statement shows the characteristics of the several locks and dams in this project: Lock Location Dimensions When No. Depth com- Cost Greatest Lift of On Founda- pleted Miles Clear available length lock lower ler tion Nearest town from Clear length miter mouth width (full 1sill of lock) Feet Feet Feet Feet S1 Carrollton, Ky...... 4. 0 37 145 17.0 6. 8 Rock and clay. 12 Lockport, Ky....... 31. 0 38 145 13.9 6.1 Rock...... 84 50384.86 13 Gest, Ky............ 42. 0 38 145 12.5 6.5 .. do......884 $1,350,384. 86 14 Frankfort, Ky....... 65.0 38 145 13. 9 6. 7 ... do...... 15 Tyronne, Ky........ 82.2 38 145 14. 5 6. 4 ... do. 16 Salvisa, Ky..-....... 96.2 52 147 14. 4 6. 0 Rock and 1894 314, 846. 70 piles. 17 High Bridge, Ky.... 117.0 52 148 15. 8 6.9 Rock..... 1897 290, 768.44 18 Little Hickman, Ky. 139.2 52 146 18.0 6.0 ... do...... 1900 275, 463.14 39 Valley View, Ky....- 157.0 52 148 18.0 6. 0 .. do...... 1903 237, 645. 75 i 8 10 Ford, Ky--...--------......... 11 College Hill, Ky-..... 412 Ravenna, Ky........ 176.5 200.0 220.8 52 52 52 148 148 148 17.0 18.0 18.0 6.0 6.0 ... do...... ... do...... 6.0 ... do...... 1904 1906 1910 221, 499.58 296, 592. 95 425, 693. 33 413 Willow, Ky ......... 239.5 52 148 18. 0 7.0 ... do...... 1915 460,365. 52 4 14 Heidelberg, Ky...... 248.5 52 148 18. 0 7.0 ... do--...... 1917 392, 902.06 1 Fixed dam, crib construction. I Built by the State of Kentucky. Cost is given for repairs by United States only. $ Fixed dam, concrete construction. 4 Fixed dam, concrete construction, movable crest. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--With the exception that the lower five locks and dams were built by the State of Kentucky, there has been no local cooperation. Terminal facilities.--For general merchandise and miscellaneous freight practically no terminal facilities exist except a wharf boat in the Ohio River at the mouth of the Kentucky River and a num- ber of small, poorly kept warehouses along the stream. Such facili- ties as exist are operated for profit and are privately owned. With the exception of a few tie hoists and sawmills and a gravel plant RIVERS AND HARBORS-CINCINNATI OHIO, DISTRICT 1375 there is no physical connection between water and rail terminals and no mutual contract for the interchange of traffic. At and near Beattyville coal is mined and shipped by water in barges, and large tanks are provided for the storage of oil, which is shipped in barges. This commerce is on the increase and it is expected that considerable development will follow increased production now in sight. Effect of improvement.-The effect of improvement has been to render navigation safer, better, and easier; without the slack-water pools, coal and oil now shipped from the upper river in barges could not come, even at times of freshets. The running of logs has been benefited in that large fleets of rafts can be run on slack water with two or three men, while the rapid currents of an open river would necessitate two men to each raft of small size for its guidance. From the mouth of the river to Frankfort, Ky., the adjacent country is wholly dependent on the river for the receipt and shipment of sup- plies and produce. Above Frankfort the river is reached by rail- roads at a number of points and the water-borne commerce of the above character is not of importance, but this part of the river is largely and increasingly used for transportation of coal, crude oil, fluorspar, and calcite in bulk. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The locks and dams and necessary plant have been maintained in good condition. Some interruption to traffic was caused by high water, ice, and repairs. The total expenditures for the year were $228,978.44, all by day labor, for maintenance. Cost of work, $170,872.42. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1917 at a saving of $689,910.95 under the estimated cost. The work accomplished under the project has been the rehabilitation of the five old State locks and dams and the construction of new Locks and Dams Nos. 6 to 14, inclusive. A slack-water depth of 6 feet now exists from the Ohio River to the head of pool formed by Dam. No. 14, or 260 miles. The year of completion of the various locks and dams is given in the table in the paragraph Existing project. The works have been maintained in good condition. Neces- sary repairs and additions have been made and suitable plant for assisting in the operation and care of the locks and dams has been provided. The works are now in fairly good condition and afford a controlling depth of 6 feet, which is adequate for all navigation, except loaded coal barges. The total expenditures on this project to the end of the fiscal year are as follows: For new work- -$,----------------------------$4, 175, 639. 05 For operating and care of locks and darns--------------------- 5, 816, 109. 24 Total_---------------------------------------- 9, 991, 748. 29 Proposed operations.--The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harborset of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The principal downstream commerce is timber in the log from headwaters and oil and coal from the Beatty- ville field, while the inbound commerce from the Ohio River consists 11714--EINo 1930----87 1376 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARVIY, 1930 of coal and general merchandise. Farm products and livestock are shipped outbound in the lower 100 miles of the stream. The pre- vailing draft of boats handling this commerce is 5 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1924---------- 232, 799 $3, 359, 364 17, 491 1927....--------- 166, 262 $2, 441, 464 20, 656 1925---- ----- 175, 936 2, 698, 838 19, 490 1928---....--- 144, 743 1,891, 803 20, 651 1926---------- 151, 978 2, 275, 645 10, 041 1929----------.......... 156, 256 2, 154, 573 17, 185 Cost and financial summary for maintenance and impravement funds Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__________________ $4, 175, 639. 05 Net total expenditures --------------------------------- __ 4, 175, 639. 05 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_____---___- 4, 175, 639. 05 Cost and financial summary for operating and care funds Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---__ $______-______ $5, 284, 304. 66 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930.---------- 536, 701. 50 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_______________ ___ _ 5, 821, 006. 16 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------------- 417. 52 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930-________ -_____--5, 821, 423. 68 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930___________________- 5, 314. 44 Net total expenditures -------------------------- 5, 816. 109. 24 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930___ 58, 977. 09 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__________ 5, 875, 086. 33 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work -.........--- ._.... Cost of maintenance-------- ---------- $239, 244. 70 $194,860. 11 $205, 920. 18 $241, 765. 19 $170,872.42 Total expended------ ......---------------- 239,244. 70 194, 860.11 197, 910. 36 231, 955. 31 228, 978. 44 Allotted . ................--------------------------- 248, 000. 00 174, 000. 00 224, 900. 00 200, 000. 00 250, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_----------------------------_ $37, 955.53 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, March 3, 1909________________________ 250, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for __-----_____ ___ __ 287, 955. 53 Gross amount expended---------------------- $232, 304.89 Less receipts from sales___ _____________----- ___-- 3, 326. 45 228, 978. 44 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_____________-------58, 977. 09 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930__------------------------- 9, 785. 78 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------ 49, 191. 31 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930_--- --- _____--------_ 417. 52 Unobligated btalnce available June 30, 1930---------------__ 49, 608. 83 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931 -- 180, 000. 00 Amount av-ailable for fiscal year 1931---- ---- 229, 608. 83 RIVERS AND HARBORS-CINCINNATI, OHIO, DISTRICT 1377 6. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood-control act of May 15, 1928) ; collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspec- tions, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor rou- tine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $20,526.64; the expenditures were $20,799.61. The bal- ance unexpended June 30, 1929, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1930 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $17,500 can be profit- ably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and fitancial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------------$25, T45. 48 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930---------------------------- 210. 54 Net total expenditures ----------------------------------- 25, 534. 94 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-----------------------------17, 815. 06 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------------- 43, 350. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_---------- ---------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance--------------- ------------ --------------- $5, 218.84 $20, 526. 64 - Total expended .__...-. --- _ ------- __ -- _ _-- ------- 4,735.33 20, 799.61 Allotted ..-------------- --------------------- ------------ $1,000.00 7,750.00 24, 600.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929___------ ------- $14, 014.. 6 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930__----------------------- $15, 600. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation approved February 28, 1929 ___- 9, 000. 00 24, 600. 00 Amount to be accounted for------------- ------------ 38, 614. 67 Gross amount expended---------------------------------------- 20, 799. 61 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------- __ IT, 815. 06 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930___---------- ----- __-____ 231.41 Balance available June 30, 1930 --------- 17, 583. 65 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - ---- - - - - -- - 30, 1932. for maintenance 1 17, 500. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JULY. 3, 1930 The local engineer was charged with the duty of making prelimi- nary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor act ' Exclusive of available funds. 1378 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 approved July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Kentucky River, Ky. 2. Great Miami River, Ohio. 3. Ohio River, at and in the vicinity of New Richmond, Ohio. The division engineer, Upper Mississippi Valley Division, was charged with the duty of making a preliminary examination and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 2, 1919, and September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Canal connecting Lake Erie with the Ohio River via the Miami aind Erie Canal, Ohio, or other routes, including a branch canal connecting Lake Michigan. '. Report on a waterway from a point at or near Erie Harbor,Pa., by way of French Creek and Allegheny River to the Ohio River. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE LOUISVILLE, KY., DISTRICT This district comprises that part of Kentucky included within the watersheds west of that of the Kentucky River and north of that of the Cumberland River, the basin of the Wabash River in Indiana and Illinois, the falls of the Ohio River at Louisville, Ky., and the exist- ing and proposed locks and dams in the Ohio River between 1.5 miles above Madison, Ind., and Mound City, Ill. District engineer: Lieut. Col. G. R. Spalding, Corps of Engineers, to November 25, 1929. ?Acting district! engineer: Lieut. Col. R. G. Powell, Corps of Engineers, from November 25, 1929, to July 7, 1930. District engineer : Lieut. Col. W. A. Johnson Corps of Engineers, since July 7, 1930. Division engineer: Col. H. B. Ferguson, Corps of Engineers, to October 10, 1929. Lieut. Col. George R. Spalding, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Locks and Dams Nos. 41 and 6. Green and Barren Rivers 43-53, Ohio River--------- 1308 and Bear Creek, Ky------ 1383 2. Operating and care of Locks 7. Operating and care of locks and Dams Nos. 41 (includ- and dams on Green and ing Louisville and Portland Barren Rivers, Ky------- 1388 Canal), and 43-53, Ohio 8. Operating and care of lock River ------------------ 1308 and dam on Rough River, 3. Ohio Rive r, open-channel Ky -------- 1389 work------------------- 1308 9. Tradewater River, Ky------ 1392 4. Wabash River, Ind. and Ill- 1378 10. Examinations, surveys, and 5. Operating and care of lock contingencies (general) 1394 and dam at Grand Rapids. Wabash River----------- 1382 1-3. For reports on these improvements see p. 1308. 4. WABASH RIVER, IND. AND ILL. Location and description.-Wabash River rises in western Ohio, flows in a generally westerly direction across northern Indiana to Logansport, thence in a southwesterly direction to the boundary line between Indiana and Illinois, about 15 miles below Terre Haute, thence forming the boundary between Indiana and Illinois, it flows RIVERS AND HARBORS-LOUISVILLE, KY., DISTRICT 1379 in a southwesterly direction and empties into the Ohio River at a point about 121 miles from the mouth of the Ohio. Wabash River is about 517 miles long and drains about 33,000 square miles. In its lower reaches it varies in width from 450 to 1,300 feet. It has gen- erally low and caving banks and is obstructed by numerous bars. Its basin is generally flat. The mean low-water discharge at the mouth of the river is 2,500 cubic feet per second; the maximum discharge at Mount Carmel, Ill., 96 miles above the mouth, is 385,000 cubic feet per second. The average slope of the river at mean low water from Terre Haute to the mouth, a distance of 214 miles, is 0.615 foot per mile. The greatest slope occurs at New Harmony cut-off, 41.5 miles from the mouth, where there is a fall of 5.3 feet in less than 2,000 feet. The fall from the head to the foot of the cut-off, a distance of 21/2 miles through the cut-off, or 934 miles around it, is 6.5 feet. A 6-foot navigable depth exists in the river at Terre Haute 133 days, Mount Carmel 168 days, New Harmony 75 days, and at the mouth 318 days annually. General navigation above Terre Haute is im- practicable, even at high stages, on account of the obstruction of the river by bridges. A lock and dam at Grand Rapids, 97.1 miles above the mouth and 1.5 miles above Mount Carmel, completed in 1897, provides slack-water navigation for about 12 miles. (See U. S. Geological Survey Chart, Indiana-Illinois, Patoka quad- rangle.) Original condition.-Wabash River was originally obstructed by bars and snags. It had numerous narrow bends, with secondary channels or cut-offs, and was obstructed in several places by ledges of rock in the bed of the river. The most notable of the latter were at Grand Rapids, where there was a fall of about 4.5 feet in a dis- tance of 700 feet, and at New Harmony cut-off, where there was a fall of 6.5 feet in a distance of 21/2 miles through the cut-off, or 93/4 miles by the main river. The river was navigable only at high stages. Steamboats are said to have ascended the river as far as Peru, Ind., 366 miles from the mouth, and the river was navigable for smaller craft as far as Adams County, Ind., about 420 miles from the mouth. About 1842 a lock and dam had been built at Grand Rapids by a private company, but in 1872, at the time the Govern- ment assumed charge of the improvement, it had become almost totally useless, and in 1873 the rapids at ordinary stages formed an insuperable obstruction to navigation. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of June 10, 1872, adopted a project providing for improvement of the river from its mouth to La Fayette, Ind., a distance of 308 miles, by snagging and dredging, constructing a new lock and repairing the dam at Grand Rapids, and closing New Harmony cut-off. The total cost and ex- penditures for new work were $814,712.07. (For additional details of previous project, see Annual Report for 1924, p. 1265.) Existing project.-This provides for abandonment of the project for operating and care of lock and dam at Grand Rapids and re- moval of a section of the dam in order that navigation may not be entirely obstructed. At the lock at Grand Rapids the ordinary fluc- tuations of stage; due to floods vary from 7 to 10 feet above pool level. During the flood of 1913 the stage reached about 25 feet above pool stage. 1380 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S ARMY, 1930 The estimated cost of removing a section of the dam, made in 1925, is $15,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925 (H. Doc. No. 427, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). An index map of a survey of Wabash River, 1913, from Terre Haute, Ind., to its mouth, is printed in House Document No. 1001, Sixty-third Con- gress, second session. Recommended modifications of projects.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no publicly owned terminal facili- ties, except about 1,200 feet of river front owned by the city of Vin- cennes and a like amount owned by the municipality of Mount Car- mel, Ill., nor are there any private facilities beyond mere unim- proved bank landings. These appear to be adequate for the present limited traffic and character of the commodities carried. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement under the previous project afforded slack-water navigation about 12 miles above the lock at Grand Rapids. The improvement is of little value, as through navigation of the river is impracticable. Even local traffic is very small. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work has been done under the existing project. Action toward the removal of a section of the dam at Mount Carmel has been withheld pending the outcome of the survey being made of the Wabash River in the interest of navigation, flood control, power, and irrigation. In April, 1929, an allotment was made for riprapping the bank to prevent further caving at Grand Rapids Lock and Dam near Mount Carmel. Under contract dated August 26, 1929, 988.73 tons of riprap were placed. The costs and expenditures were $4,000 for new work under the previous project. Condition at end of fiscal year.--Practically nothing remains of the improvements on this river except the lock and dam at Grand Rapids and a number of cuts through rock bars. The lock and dam are in bad condition, 90 per cent of deck timbers on the lower side of dam are gone, part of combing is gone, and the entrance to the lock is filled with mud. The lock house is in need of repairs. T he lock and dam were completed in 1897, at a cost of $260,000, affording slack-water navigation for a distance of about 12 miles. Through navigation is impracticable. Boats drawing 20 inches can pass from Mount Carmel, 96 miles from the mouth of the river, to Vincennes, 128 miles from the mouth, at all stages, but can reach Mount Carmel from the mouth of the river only when the gage at the lock reads 9.5 feet or more. The stretch from Vincennes to Terre Haute, 214 miles from the mouth, is badly obstructed by snags, and general navigation above Terre Haute is impossible on account of obstruc- tion by bridges. Owing to the fall at New Harmony cut-off 41 to 51 miles from the mouth of the river through navigation from the mouth to Terre Haute for boats drawing 3 feet is possible only for less than four months in an average year. All operations under the previous project, except the maintenance of the lock and dam at RIVERS AND HARBORS-LOUISVILLE, KY., DISTRICT 1381 Grand Rapids, were suspended during the fiscal year 1909. Owing to the temporary and experimental character of many of the works under the project and the frequency with which they were damaged or destroyed prior to completion it is impossible to divide the expendi- tures under the project between new work and maintenance. The work of removal of a section of the dam (H. Doc. No. 427, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) has been withheld pending a report upon the possibilities of development of navigation, flood control, power, and irrigation, which is being made under House Document 308, Sixty-ninth Con- gress, first session. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930, was $15,000. No operations are proposed pending completion of survey now under way under House Document No. 308, Sixty-ninth Con- gress, first session, and section 10 of the flood control act approved May 15, 1928. Commercial statistics.-No commerce passed the lock and dam at Grand Rapids during the calendar year 1929. One hundred and eight small craft passed through the lock and 36 passed over the dam. Comparative statement Year Short tons Value Passengers Year Short tons Value Passengers 1925_------_ 1926 1........ 27 2 $2, 928 400 ------------ 10 1928 -___ 1929 -..... 17 x$170 None . ............ - - 1927 None. 1 Miscellaneous commodities. 2 Flo tel logs. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 _____________________________ $814, 712. 07 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930.._____.................. ----------. Net total expenditures --------------------------------- 814, 712. 07 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_____________________________ 15, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930______________ 829, 712. 07 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.. ------------------------------------------------- ------------ $4,000 Cost of maintenance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Total expended----------------................------------------------------------ .......... ------------ 4, 000 Allotted..................-------------------------.......------------------------5, 0$15,000 $3,000 1,000 Balance unexpended July 1, 19290 _____ -- ---- _ $18, 000 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved February 28, 1929----------------------------------------------- 1,000 Amount to be accounted for- - _--_---_ ------------- 19, 000 Gross amount expended--------------------------------------- 4, 000 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-----..... ---------------- 15, 000 1382 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 5. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCK AND DAM AT GRAND RAPIDS, WABASH RIVER The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Wabash River, Ind.-Ill. See page 1378, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The completed lock and dam have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since 1897. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work consisted of operating the lock by hired labor pending action as to whether a section of the dam would be removed to permit open river naviga- tion. The costs were $1,160.16 and the expenditures from the per- manent indefinite appropriation amounted to $1,145.49. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The lock and dam are in bad condition. The total costs are $105,877.21 and the expenditures from the indefinite appropriation are $105,749.89. Proposed operations.-The lock and dam will be operated and maintained from the allotment from the indefinite appropriation provided by Section 6, river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-No commerce passed through the lock and dam during the calendar year 1929. Comparative statement Year Slort tons Value Passengers Year Short tons Value Passengers 1925.......... 27 $2, 928 10 1928..........--------- 117 $170 - 1926.......... 2 400 ------------ 1929.... 1927 ----------------------------------- Floated logs. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_________________ ______ $105, 877. 21 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930___-------------------------- 127. 32 Net total expenditures____________________________ 105, 749. 89 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------------ 544. 26 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 106, 294.15 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....------------------------- - ------------------------------------ Cost of maintenance---....---------- ------- $226. 19 $47. 94 $1, 054.52 $1, 373.38 $1, 160. 16 Total expended---.........--------------------- 226. 19 47. 94 1, 054. 52 1, 295. 73 1, 145. 49 Allotted_----_--------_.---------------- ----------- 716. 00 ............ 1, 300. 00 1, 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 -_$189. 75 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, March 3, 1909--------------- --------- 1, 500.00 Amount to be accounted for ------- __---_--- 1, 689.75 Gross amount expended-___ -------- - - - - -- 1, 145.49 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------------544. 26 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-_--------- --------------- 132, 50 Balance available June 30, 1930 --------------------------- 411.76 Amount allotted during fiscal year 1931--- ----- 1, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931 -------- , 411. 76 1---------- RIVERS AND HARBORS--LOUISVILLE, KY., DISTRICT 1383 6. GREEN AND BARREN RIVERS, AND BEAR CREEK, KY. Location and description.-Green River rises in Green County, Ky., flows in a northwesterly direction, and empties into the Ohio River about 8 miles above Evansville, Ind. It is about 345 miles long, has a drainage area of 13,000 square miles, and a mean dis- charge of about 11,800 cubic feet per second, and a maximum dis- charge of about 130,000 cubic feet per second. Its average slope for 244 miles from its mouth is 0.6 foot per mile. The head of naviga- tion of Green River is at Mammoth Cave, Ky., 196 miles from the mouth of the river. Barren River rises in Barren County, Ky., flows in a northwesterly direction, and empties into Green River, one-half mile above Lock No. 4, Green River. Its length is about 108 miles, with a drainage area of about 2,132 square miles. It has a mean discharge of about 3,000 cubic feet per second and a maximum discharge of about 32,000 cubic feet per second. Its average slope for 37 miles from its mouth is 0.7 foot per mile. The head of navigation of Barren River is at Bowling Green, Ky., 291/2 miles above the mouth of the river and 1791/2 miles above the mouth of Green River. Except for a stretch of about 8 miles between Locks Nos. 3 and 4, Green River is shown from its mouth to Mammoth Cave on the following maps of the United States Geological Survey: Kentucky-Indiana quadrangle, Newburg; Kentucky quadrangles, Calhoun, Sutherland, Central City, Dunmor, Little Muddy, Brownsville, Mammoth Cave. Barren River from the mouth to above head of navigation on Kentucky quadrangles: Little Muddy, Brownsville, Bowling Green. Bear Creek is a tributary of Green River lying wholly within the State of Kentucky. It rises in Grayson County near Leitchfield, flows southerly and empties into Green River one-half mile above Lock No. 5. Its length is about 40 miles; width, 45 to 90 feet; con- trolling depth, 4 feet; and it has a drainage area of about 200 square miles. Bear Creek is shown on the following maps of the United States Geological Survey: Big Clifty, Leitchfield, and Brownsville quadrangles. Original condition.-Little is known of the original condition of these rivers. The original system of slack-water navigation, with head of navigation at Bowling Green, Ky., was undertaken by the State of Kentucky in 1835 and completed in 1841. It included four locks in Green River and one lock in Barren River, giving continu- ous navigation for a draft of 4 feet from the Ohio River to Bowling Green, except at time of low water below Lock No. 1, Green River. When the United States assumed possession of these improvements in 1888, navigation of the system was broken at Lock No. 3, Green River, the river wall at that lock having fallen into the river; the lower end of the land wall at Lock No. 1, Barren River, was badly cracked and liable to fall at any time; and both walls at Lock No. 2, Green River, were in a dangerous condition. The channels of the pools were much obstructed by snags and landslides. Bear Creek was originally obstructed by sharp bends, sunken logs, and overhanging trees. No Federal improvement has been under- taken, but Dam No. 5, Green River provides a channel 5 feet deep in the lower 11 miles of the creek. Previous projects.-None. 1384 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19-30 Existing project.-The purchase by the United States, in 1888, of the then existing improvements made by the State of Kentucky on Green and Barren Rivers, committed the Government, under sec- tion 4 of the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884, to the operation and maintenance of the system, including operation of the locks, re- moval of snags, landslides, etc., from the channels of the streams, restoration of unserviceable structures, and construction of new ones where needed. This project was subsequently modified by extend- ing slack-water navigation from the upper limits of Pool No. 4 to Mammoth Cave, Ky. (Green River above the mouth of Big Barren River), by the construction of two additional Locks and Dams Nos. 5 and 6. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, further modified the project to provide for locks 56 feet wide and 360 feet long in Dam No. 5, Green River, and in Dam No. 1, Barren River, and for cap- ping Dam No. 5 with concrete and raising its crest 2 feet with a movable A-frame top (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 2, 71st Cong., lst.sess.), and to include the improvement of Bear Creek, Ky., by widening the bends (H. Doc. No. 685, 69th Cong., 2d sess.). Fluctuations in stage due to floods vary considerably at the differ- ent locks. At Lock No. 3, Green River, ordinary fluctuations from this cause vary from 12 to 15 feet above pool level, with maximum stage of about 28 feet above pool stage reached in 1913. At Lock No. 1, Barren River, fluctuations due to floods vary from 7 to 10 feet above pool level. During the flood of 1913 the stage reached about 31 feet above pool stage. The original improvements were purchased at a cost of $135,000, the cost of operating the system and restoring or replacing the origi- nal structures, except Lock No. 2, Green River, being provided for by annual estimates and allotments for the purpose. The rebuilding of Lock No. 2 and the extension of the system by the construction of Locks and Dams Nos. 5 and 6, Green River, were provided for by specific appropriations. The original estimate for the reconstruc- tion of Lock No. 2 was $130,000 (Report for 1891, p. 2439), subse- quently increased to $170,000. The original estimate for the exten- sion of the system by the construction of Locks Nos. 5 and 6, Green River, was $361,346.40 (Report for 1891, p. 2481), subsequently in- creased to $365,673.20, the latter sum including an authorization of not exceeding $5,000 for snagging and clearing the banks of that part of Nolin River affected by slack water from Dam No. 6, Green River. The estimated cost of new locks at Dam No. 5, Green River, and Dam No. 1, Barren River, was $2,116,112, and of the work in Bear Creek $23,000, of which $10,000 is to be contributed by local interests. The total estimated cost of new work, revised in 1930, is $2,819,540. The maintenance of these works except the work in Bear Creek is provided for by annual allotments from the appropriation for' oper- ating and care of canals, etc. The estimated cost of maintenance of the channel in Bear Creek is $500 per annum. The existing project was authorized by the following acts: The river and harbor act of August 11, 1888, provided for the purchase of the original improvements (House Ex. Doc. No. 111, 49th Cong., 2d sess.); the deficiency act of March 3, 1893, provided for building RIVERS AND HARBORS--LOUISVILLE, KY., DISTRICT 1385 Lock No. 2, Green River (Annual Report for 1891, p. 2439); the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, provided for the construction of Lock No. 5, Green River, and the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, for the construction of Lock No. 6, Green River (Annual Re- port for 1891, pp. 2478 and 2481). The river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, contained an appropriation for $5,000 for continuing the improvement of Green River above the mouth of Big Barren River, with the following proviso: That the Secretary of War may, in his discretion, expend such portion of said amount as may be necessary for removal of snags in Nolin River. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, authorized the construc- tion of new locks at Dam No. 5, Green River, and Dam No. 1, Barren River, the modification of Dam No. 5, Green River, and the widening of bends in Bear Creek, Ky. (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 2, 71st Cong., 1st sess., and H. Doc. No. 685, 69th Cong., 2d sess.) The location, cost, and principal feature of the locks and dams included in the system are shown in the following table: Locks and dams in Green and Barren Rivers, Ky. Location Greatest Depth Depth Width length Lift at on lower on upper Lock and dam Distance of lock of lock normal sill at sill at from chamber available pool normal normal Nearest town mouth for full level mouthwidth pool pool of river level level GREEN RIVER Miles Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet No. 1------- -_____Spottsville...... 8. 5 35. 5 139 1 11. 7 1 9. 3 6. 9 No. 2_ --------------- Rumsey-_...... 62. 8 36 141 14. 2 6.2 8. 4 No. 3_...-----.______--- Rochester- ..... 108. 05 35. 8 137. 5 16. 1 6. 5 7. 3 No. 4-------- -Woodbury-...... 149. 5 35. 8 138 16. 3 6. 4 6. 7 No. 5_- -..- _Glenmore ..... 167. 5 236 2 142 13. 4 5. 3 7. 7 No. 6---------------Brownsville .... 180. 75 36 142 11 7 8 BARREN RIVER No. 1-----___-___. Greencastle... 3 165 2 35. 6 2 138 14. 9 4.9 7 1 At normal pool, Dam 48, Ohio River. 2 New locks authorized 56 feet by 360 feet. 3 From mouth of Green River. Year Cost of Lock and dam Character of foundation Kind of dam Type of con- com- lock and pleted dam GREEN RIVER No. 1............-..... Slate and coal---------........... Fixed-......... Wood crib-.... 1835-1840 $179, 110 No. 2....--------------- Slate_.....-------------- ----- do-------........---.....--do ..---------- 1895 160, 079 No. 3.....-------------............. Rock--------......------.-----do.....-----... -----.....do--------......1833-1836 121, 377 No. 4......------------------do.....------------------do.....----------.. ..... do---------- 1839 125, 718 No. 5.--------------- Gravel------ ------------... do.---------- _do-....---------1899 180, 000 No. 6.......---.........---------- ----... do---------- --------...... ........---..... do. ---------- do------- 1905 180, 000 BARREN RIVER No. 1 --------------- Gravel_ Fixed......... Wood crib- 1841 135,.734 Recommended modificatioLns of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, contains the following proviso with respect to the construction of the new locks at Dams No. 5, Green River, and No. 1, Barren River: 1386 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 "Provided, That under the provisions of the Federal water power act, and before work is started on this project, a high dam with locks may be substituted near or below the site of Dam No. 4, and built by private interests, municipalities, or the State: Provided,further, That in the event a high dam is constructed, the United States shall con- tribute to the cost of the substituted structure an amount equal to the estimated cost of the works of navigation for which substitution is made." The only company interested in power development has stated that it is unwilling to undertake construction of a power dam under the conditions imposed. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, also provides that in con- nection with the improvement of Bear Creek, Ky., local interests are to contribute $10,000 to the first cost of the dredging, provide neces- sary rights of way at the bends, furnish without cost to the United States satisfactory areas for the disposal of excavated material, and assume all flowage damages along Bear Creek. These conditions have not been met. Terminal facilities.-In addition to a public paved landing at Bowling Green, Ky., there is at this city a private wharf and ware- house and also a railroad incline and derrick which may be used by the public upon payment of fixed charges for transfer of freight from rail to water or vice versa. In addition to the terminal facilities at Bowling Green there are located at various points in the pools of Green and Barren Rivers about 50 unimproved landings with small warehouses. These warehouses are generally controlled by the Evans- ville & Bowling Green Packet Co. There are also several small privately owned coal tipples. There is one privately owned, terminal on Bear Creek capable of handling 100,00" tons of rock asphalt annually. It is believed that these terminal facilities are generally as exten- sive as the present traffic will warrant. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has afforded uninter- rupted navigation over about 217 miles of river for boats of 5-foot drafts or less and opened to commerce a large section of country otherwise practically inaccessible. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The system as a whole is in only fair condition. Lock No. 5, Green River, and Lock No. 1, Barren River are in poor condition and should be reconstructed at the earliest possible date. Dams Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 5, Green River, are in poor condition and should be reconstructed in the near future. It comprises seven locks, with fixed dams, and affords through navi- gation throughout the year for boats of 5-foot draft or less and not exceeding 138 feet in length and 35 feet in width, from Lock No. 1, Green River, to Mammoth Cave, a distance of 1871/2 miles, or from Lock No. 1, Green River, to Bowling Green, Ky., on Barren River, a distance of 171 miles. Through navigation to the Ohio River is afforded at all seasons as a result of the pool created by Lock and Dam No. 48, Ohio River, which provides a low-water depth of 9.3 feet on the lower miter sill of Lock No. 1, Green River. Bear Creek is obstructed by snags and sharp bends. The total costs and ex- penditures under the existing project up to the end of the fiscal year were as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-LOUISVILLE, KY., DISTRICT 1387 New work __------------------------------ -$670, 428. 16 Maintenance (removal of snags and deposits from Nolin River and Bear Creek, Ky.) ----------------------------------------- 1, 060. 27 Total- - - -- __---- _ -________--___ _671,488.43 Proposed operations.-The available balance will be applied to maintenance contingencies as needed. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for the year 1929 was 6 per cent or 35,649 tons less than that of 1928, the loss being due largely to reduction in movement of gravel (for road-building purposes) from the Ohio River and to slight falling off of asphalt movement (13,801 tons), on the upper stretches of the river, and railroad ties (14,255 tons). There was an increase of 28,794 tons in movement of coal. Of the total commerce 58.3 per cent consisted of rock asphalt, 25.3 per cent coal, 8.9 per cent logs, lumber, and ties; 3.1 per cent sand and gravel and 4.4 per cent packet cargo and miscellaneous. This commerce, except 14,175 tons of floated logs, was moved by tow-boats, barges, and packet boats drawing for the most part not over 5 feet, and is a direct result of existing improvements. There is no traffic on the unimproved sections of these rivers. Comparative statement Vessel Floated Year traffic Total value Passengers (tons) logs (tons) 1925 .... ------------------------------------------- 462, 357 19, 736 $8, 050, 824 22,434 1926....-------------------------------------------424, 964 15, 872 7,132, 089 9, 271 1927....-------------------------------------------504, 412 17, 727 8,182, 330 11, 732 1928---.......----------------------------- 574, 252 15, 887 9, 641,089 8, 372 1929--------------------------------------------------- 540, 323 14, 175 8, 651, 044 8,625 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__--------------------- - $670, 428. 16 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 , 060. 27 1------------------------ Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------___ 671, 488.:43 Net total expenditures------------------------------------ 671, 488. 43 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------- ---------- ------ 439. 73 Total amount appropriated to June 80, 1930---- ----- __ 671, 928. 16 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .-------.........--------------...--- Cost of maintenance ........................------------------- ............ $500.00 ..........-- Total expended_--------------------------------..... . 500. 27 500.00 -------- Allotted------------ ....... ...... . 1, 000. 00 ------....-- 00-------- 500.00. ........ 1388 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 JBalance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------ $439. 73 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ________________---________ 439. 73 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project' --------------- 2, 139, 112. 00 7. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON GREEN AND BARREN RIVERS, KY. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Green and Barren Rivers, and Bear Greek, Ky. See page 1383, where general information regarding the: improvement can be found. The completed locks and dams have been, operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appro- priation since their purchase by the United States in 1888. Operations and results during fiscal year.--The work consisted of the operation- of the seven locks and dams, the snagging and dredging plant, and maintenance of the system in good serviceable condition. The work was carried on by hired labor with Government plant. The major expenditures were for the removal of obstructions from the channel and lock approaches. A summary of this work follows: Removed from the river channel: Stumps, trees, and snags -, --------- -- 1, 852 *Sunken and abandoned barges---------------------------------- 7 Large bowlders --------------------------------------------- 10 Large slides ----------------------------------------------- 12 Material dredged (mud, gravel, and sand) _-----___cubic yards__ 86, 825 Deposit removed from lock chambers and entrances to locks (mud, etc.)_-------------------------------------------cubic yards 28, 975 Stone removed from points------------------------------do.. 12, 910 Derrick stone removed from channel and placed below dam at Lock No. 6, Green River, to prevent scour------------------------ tons_ 1, 550 In addition to quantities stated above, the lock gates at all of the locks were lifted out and overhauled and valves repaired; the several dams were backed and repaired and flash boards placed on dams where required to maintain a navigable stage. Wood piles were driven and new grillage built in upper entrance to Lock No. 1, Green River, and new miter sill was constructed at Lock No. 3. The seven locks were in operation except when submerged by high water, as follows: Days Days Lock No., 1, Green River,_,---- _ 49 Lock No. 5, Green River-....... 7 Lock No. 2, Green River ------ 21 Lock No. 6, Green River-__--- 0 Lock No. 3, Green River------- 15 Lock No. 1, Barren River----- 0 Lock No. 4, Green River------- 9 The costs were $118,100.05, and the expenditures from the perma- nent indefinite appropriation amounted to $107,132.06. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The system as a whole is in only fair condition: For details see report on improvement. The total expenditures from the indefinite appropriation are $3,398,950.66. Propoaed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- pr~ai.: provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 1 xclusive of available funds. ' Exclusive of $10,000 to be contributed by local interests. RIVERS AND HARBORS-LOUISVILLE, KY., DISTRICT 1389 Commercial statistics.--See preceding report on Green and Barren Rivers and Bear Creek. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930....-------..... - $3, 329, 362. 32 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ....---------- 73, 059..74 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_ ------------- - ---- 3, 402, 422. 06 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ----------- - 8, 411. 11 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 ----------------- 3, 410, 833. 17 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930____ __------ ---------- 11, 882. 51 Net total expenditures ___--_-------------- 3, 398, 950. 66 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 .------ ------------- - 22, 955.72 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 3, 421, 906. 38 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..----------------. ---- ------------ -------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance -................. . $95, 640, 74 $89, 122. 20 $101, 627. 79 $98, 303. 35 $i118,100. 05 Total expended ................----------------------.... 95, 640. 74 89, 122 20 95,438.46' 104,354.47 107, 132.06 Allotted-----------------------------84,000.00 70,000.00 110, 000.00 105,000.00 10500000 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-__-- ____ $25, 087. 78 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909__________________----- 105, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for ------------------- -------- 130, 087. 78 Gross amount expended -- --------------------- $107, 461.34 Less receipts from sales ---------------------------- 329. 28 107, 132. 06 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930______________------------------------- 22, 955. 72 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------- ------------ 13, 899. 23 Balance available June 30, 1930 _______------------------- 9, 056. 49 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930_ 8, 411. 11 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930------------_-- 17, 467. 60 Amount:allotted for fiscal year 1931___ ___ -- _____ ___-----110, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931------------------- 127, 467. 60 8. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCK AND DAM ON ROUGH RIVER, KY. Location and description.-This stream is one of the principal tributaries of Green River and lies wholly within the State of Ken- tucky. It rises in Meade, Hardin, and Breckenridge Counties, flows westerly in a tortuous channel, and empties into Green River at Livermore, 71 miles from the mouth of that river. Its length is about 126 miles, with a drainage area of about 941 square miles. It has a mean discharge of about 1,280 cubic' feet per second and a maximum discharge of, about 13,100 cubic feet per second. Over the lower 60 miles of its course it has an average°sslope of 0.7 foot per mile. The improved portion of the river extends from its mouth to Hartford, Ky., a distance of about 291/2 miles. (See U. S. Geo- logical Survey Charts, Kentucky quadrangles: Central City, Hart- ford, Whitesville.) 1390 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Originalcondition.-Originallythis river was much obstructed by snags, sunken logs, stumps, bowlders, and bars in the bed of the stream and by overhanging trees on its banks. Backwater from Dam No. 2, Green River, affected 8 miles of the river above its mouth. A timber-crib lock and dam have been built on the river about 8 miles above its mouth, but at the time the United States took charge of the improvement, in 1890, the structures had been abandoned and were completely in ruins, and the river was prac- tically unnavigable except at times of high water, when the head of navigation was at Hartford, Ky., 291/2 miles from the mouth of the river. Ieviou8 projects.-None. Existing projet.-This provides for clearing the river of obstruc- tions and for the construction of a lock and dam to carry slack water to Hartford, Ky. The new work provided for having been completed, the project now contemplates the maintenance of the lock and dam and keeping the river channel free from snags and other obstructions to navigation. At the lock the ordinary fluctuations due to floods vary from 6 to 10 feet above pool level. During the flood of 1913 a stage of about 20 feet above pool stage was reached. The original estimate for building the proposed lock and dam and removing obstructions from the river amounted to $56,729.80 (Re- port for 1885, p. 1901). The project and estimate were subsequently modified (Reports for 1891, p. 2447, and 1896, p. 2280), changing the dimensions of the structures and substituting a concrete lock and abutment for the masonry lock and timber abutment originally proposed. The revised estimate under which the work was under- taken was as follows: Cost of lock and dam, etc., complete-------------------- ----- $96, 556.05 Clearing banks and channel---------------------------------9, 000.00 Total _____________ 105, 556.05 The maintenance of these works is provided for by annual allot- ments from the appropriation for operating and care of canals, etc. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, in accordance with the report published in the Annual Report for 1885, page 1894. The location and principal dimensions, etc., of the lock are as follows : Name: Lock No. 1, Rough River. Nearest town, Livermore, Ky----------------------------- miles__ 8 Mouth of Rough River, in Green River, Ky-------------------do 8 Width of lock chamber------- ------------------------- feet 27 Greatest length available for full width---------------do__-- . 125. 1 Lift at pool stage-------------------------------------do 9. 4 Depth on lower miter sill at pool stage 4. 9 do----------------------do Depth on upper miter sill at pool stage ---------------------- do. 6. 8 Character of foundation: Rock. Kind of dam: Fixed. Type of dam: Wooden, stone-filled crib, stepped. Cost of lock and dam: $72,186.35. IRecoimmended modifications of project.-None. Local coperatian.-None. RIVERS AND HARBORS-LOUISVILLE, KY., DISTRICT 1391 Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities of any sort other than a few unimproved private landings. It is believed the facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has afforded slack- water navigation at all stages of the river from its mouth to Hart- ford, Ky., a distance of about 29 miles. The lock and dam can be considered at present as of value sufficient only to justify operation and ordinary repairs. This is because much of such traffic as exists could navigate the stream even if the lock and dam were nonexistent. Operations and results during,fiscal year.-The lock was in opera- tion throughout the year except for 20 days when submerged by high water. The work was carried on by hired labor and channel improve- ments made by leased and Government plant, as follows: Stumps removed from channel ____-- ------ __ _____----_ 3 Overhanging timber cut (trees) --------------------------------- 134 Material dredged from lock chamber and entrance to lock (mud and gravel) --------------------------- ---------------- cu. yds__ 60( The costs were $1,228.09 and the expenditures were $1,318.09. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The lock and dam were completed in 1896 at a cost of $72,186.35 and the removal of the obstructions contemplated in the project in 1899 at a cost of $9,000. The lock and dam afford slack-water navigation at pool stage to Hartford, Ky., 291/2 miles from the mouth of the river, for boats not exceeding 123 feet in length, 27 feet in width, and 4-foot draft. The lock was opened to navigation December 12, 1896, and has been in operation since that date. The total costs of operating and care were $47,483.99. The total expenditures under the existing project up to the end of the fiscal year, not including outstanding liabilities or contract obliga- tions, were as follows: For new work ----------------------------------------- $105, 500. 00 For maintenance (from the permanent indefinite appropriation)_ 47, 358. 99 Total---------- --------------------------------- 152, 858.99 Proposed operation--.-The lock and dam will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropri- ation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce during the calendar year 1929 showed a decrease of 9.4 per cent from the previous year. The commerce consisted of floated logs, 98.2 per cent; lumber, 0.5 per cent; piling, 0.9 per cent; and miscellaneous products, 0.4 per cent. Comparative statement Year Floated Total Passen- (tons) logs (tons) value gers 1925 ....------- ------------------------------------- 1, 551 6, 138 $69,302 6 1926....------------------------------------------- 2, 646 6,865 140,106 59' 1927----....---------------------------- 1, 039 13,078 160,860 ... 1928----------.....----....---............................----------------------------- 897 10,875 136,330 60 1929--..........---....---...--.............----------------------.......------... 196 10, 475 112, 920 11714---ENG 1930----- 88 1392 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial summary for maintenance and improvement funds Cost of new work to June 30, 1930______----- - -__________ $105, 500 Net total expenditures----_____ ____________ 105, 500 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-----__ - - __ 105, 500 Cost and financial summary for operating and care funds Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--_.......___ _ __- __---- $47, 483. 99 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-________- ___-- 125. 00 Net total expenditures_- ----- _______-___ __-47, 358. 99 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------- 2, 223. 24 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------------49, 582. 23 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new w ork --.-- - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - -- - - -- -- - - -- - - Cost of maintenance -------------------.................. $1,074. 57 $1, 005. 86 $1, 607. 18 $1, 318. 42 $1, 228. 09 Total expended----------------------........................ 1,074. 57 1,005. 86 1, 555.81 1, 192. 29 1, 318.09 Allotted----.-- ----------------------. . 1, 800.00 1, 800.00 ------------ 2, 500.00 1, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929____-__ --- Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, _ ______------ $2, 541.33 river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909 000. 00 1------------------------- Amount to be accounted for ---------------------------- 3, 541. 33 Gross amount expended -------------------------------------- 1, 318. 09 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930- - - ______---------------2, 223. 24 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 -- ------------ __--- 156. 25 Balance available June 30, 1930__-------------------------2, 066. 99 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931------------------ ---------- 1, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931 _________________--____ 3, 066. 99 9. TRADEWATER RIVER, KY. Location and description.-This river is a tributary of the Ohio River lying wholly within the State of Kentucky. It rises in Chris- tian County, flows in a northwesterly direction, and empties into the Ohio River near Caseyville, Ky., at a point 104 miles from the mouth and 77 miles below Evansville, Ind. Its length is 110 miles, average width 100 feet, and drainage area about 825 square miles. The river is small, tortuous, and of moderate slope. It has an average dis- charge of about 1,300 cubic feet per second and a minimum discharge of about 20 cubic feet per second. (See U. S. Geological Survey Charts, Kentucky quadrangles: Shawneetown, Morganfield, Provi- dence, Dawson Springs, Princeton, and Cave-in-Rock.) Original condition.-The river was originally obstructed by a natural dam 1,000 feet above the mouth, snags, drift and fish traps, or weirs o1 stone built across it; also by overhanging trees on the banks. The river was navigable for rafts and flatboats descending, and small steamboats, during very high water. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1881, adopted a project for clearing the river and it s banks of obstructions RIVERS AND HARBORS-LOUISVILLE, KY., DISTRICT 1393 and opening a channel 40 feet wide and 21/2 feet deep during six months of the year, the improvement to extend 41 miles upstream from its mouth in the Ohio River. The total costs and expenditures were $17,568.48. (For further details of previous project see Annual Report for 1899, p. 445.) Existing project.-This provides for a channel 9 feet deep at pool :stage from the mouth of the Tradewater River to the tipple of the Bell Coal & Navigation Co., a distance of 3 miles, at an estimated cost of $2,500, with $500 annually for maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 5, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). An index map of the river is published in House Document No. 39, Sixty- third Congress, first session, and the latest published map is in House Document No. 479, 71st Congress, second session. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no publicly owned terminal facili- ties. The Bell Coal and Navigation Co. owns a tipple at a point 3 miles above the mouth. This is believed to be sufficient for present or prospective commerce. Effect of improvement.-The removal of the rock bar near the mouth of the river enables steamboats to enter and leave the stream at lower stages than formerly, and the removal of the snags, rocks, ,overhanging trees, etc., farther up has facilitated raft navigation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under authority of section 1 of the river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912, an allot- ment of $500 was made for the removal of obstructions in the lower 3 miles of Tradewater River. One slide 100 feet long, containing 21 trees and 100 cubic yards of earth, and two additional trees were removed from the channel. The costs and expenditures during the year were $500 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The pool created by Dam No. 50, Ohio Rivier, affords a channel 8 feet deep throughout the project length. It is however somewhat obstructed by snags and sharp bends. There have been no costs or expenditures under the existing project. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The relative de- sirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navi- gation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The commerce on this river consists almost .entirely of coal with occasional shipments of lumber and timber products. This commerce is a direct result of existing improve- nients. It is handled in small barges. Comparative statement Year Short tons Value YeaShort tons Value 1925------------------- (1) ---------- 1928-------- ....-------------- 2, 351 $6,177 1926 ------------- _----_- (1) ---------- 1929.-------------.....---- 2,056 5.625 1927---------------------- 1,102 $2,480 1None reported. 1394 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 193 Cost an financial simmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__------------------ $16; 068. 48. Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 1,. 500. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_ ______-______ 17, 568. 48 Net total expenditures --------------- ----- ----- 17, 568. 48 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__-_____ ______------ 17, 568.48 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--------------------- --------- Cost of maintenance_--.. - __ -- -$431.61 .---------------------- $568. 39 $500.00 Total expended__---- -------------------------------------------- 1,000.00 500.00 Allotted -------------------------------- ------------ ------------ 500.00 500.00 500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929--- ----------- ---------------- ----------------- $500, Gross amount expended------------------------- ------ 500' Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-------------------------- 2, 500 10. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Dec. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections,. and estimates; permit and bridge inspection; harbor line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation, investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $4,939.06; the expenditures were $3,822.26. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930 will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $5,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------_ $6, 681. 44 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930___ 1, 816. 89 Net total expenditures _________ 4, 864. 64 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------6, 935. 36 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_____________ 11, 800. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ------------------------------------------------------ --- Cost of maintenance ---------- ____.. ---- _-____ --- __$1,742! 38 $4, 939. 06 Total expended -....................... 1, 042 38 I__- 3, 822. 26 Allotted_ ------------------------------------. $800.00 6,000. 00 5,000.00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT 1395 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------$-- 5, 757. 62 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-- ---------------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for___---------------------------- -- 10, 757. 62 Gross amount expended_______---------------- - ----- 3, 822. 26 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ------------------- 6, 935. 36 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------------------------- 1, 816. 80 Balance available June 30, 1930---------------------------- 5, 118. 56 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- -- 1932, for maintenance 5, 000. 00 EXAMINATION MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE ACT APPROVED FEBRUARY 19, 1929 Report dated April 18, 1930, on preliminary examination of Mud Creek, Ky., with a view to the control of its floods, required by the act :approved February 19, 1929, was duly submitted by the district engi- neer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors pursuant to law and was transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 464, Seventy-first Congress, second session. The report states that participation by the United States in the cost or in the construction of flood-control works is not deemed advisable at the present time, and recommendation is made that no further :survey for purposes of flood control be authorized. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the flood control act approved February 12, 1929, and the river and harbor act ap- proved July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Mud River, Ky. 2. Rough River, Ky. 3. Nolin River, Ky. 4. Waterway connecting Lakes Erie and Michigan with the Ohio River by way of the Maumee River from Toledo, Ohio, to Fort Wayne, Ind.; the Wabash River from the Ohio,River to the vicinity of Fort Wayne; the St. Joseph River from at or near its source to Lake Michigan; waterways connecting the Maumee River with the Wabash River and St. Joseph River; and the St. Marys River, Ohio and Ind., with a view to the development of a water supply sufficient to operate the above-outlined waterway. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT This district comprises all harbors and tributary waterways on the United States side of Lake Superior and Lake of the Woods. District engineer: Maj. P. C. Bullard, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. Edward H. Schulz, Corps of Engineers, to October 26, 1929, and Col. E. M. Markham, Corps of Engineers, since that date. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1396 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 IMPROVEMENTS Page Page- 1. Harbor at Grand Marais, 8. Harbor at Marquette, Mich_ 1421 Minn --------------------- 1396 9. Harbor of Refuge at Grand 2. Harbor at Agate Bay, Minn__ 1398 Marais, Mich- -__ -____- - 1424 3. Harbor at Duluth, Minn., and 10. Warroad Harbor and River, Superior, Wis ____-_______ 1401 Minn___-_____________ 1426' 4. Harbor at Ashland, Wis .... 1408 11. Baudette Harbor and River, 5. Harbor at Ontonagon, Mich__ 1411 Minn 1------------------ 6. Keweenaw Waterway, Mich__ 1414 12. Examinations, surveys, and 7. Harbor of Refuge, Marquette contingencies (general)___ 1432: Bay, Mich__----------- 1419 1. HARBOR AT GRAND MARAIS, MINN. Location and description.-The harbor is situated on the north shore of Lake Superior, 106 miles northeast from Duluth, Minn. It is a bay one-half mile long and one-fourth mile wide, with a natural opening of 1,035 feet, reduced by breakwaters to 480 feet, and with an area of 61 acres. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 9, Lake Superior.) Original condition.-There was a maximum depth of 14 feet over a very limited area, the general depth being only 8 to 9 feet at mean low water. It afforded some protection from northeast storms, but very little from south and southeast storms. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--This provides for building rock-filled timber- crib breakwater piers 350 feet in length from the east and west points of the bay to narrow the entrance, and for dredging an anchorage area of 26 acres to a depth of 16 feet, referred to low- water datum for Lake Superior, which is taken at 601.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 14.9 feet on the inset of Lake Survey Chart No. 9 of this locality. The ordinary variation of water level extends from 0 to + 1 foot above low-water datum. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1898, was $163,954.63. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 75, 43d Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see House Document No. 939, Sixtieth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is no rail connection with the harbor. The following wharves, privately owned, are in use: One merchandise wharf, 200 feet long, in poor condition. One merchandise wharf, 122 feet long. One oil unloading wharf. The two merchandise wharves are open to the general public, a charge being made for freight handled over them. There are no publicly-owned wharves. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT 1397 Effect of improvement.-As a harbor of refuge it has been of unquestioned benefit to commerce, 10 vessels having entered for refuge during the season of 1929. Only small craft, carrying about 15 per cent of the total freight tonnage, could use this harbor in reasonably good weather without the aid of the present improvements. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No construction work was carried on. The total costs were $53.65 for maintenance inspec- tions. T he total expenditures during the fiscal year were $53.65. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1901 at a saving of $3,018 under the estimated cost. The dredging was completed in 1897. There is a controlling depth of 16 feet at low-water datum in the harbor area under improve- ment, as shown by a survey in June, 1929. Under permit, private parties have dredged 21,800 cubic yards from the harbor during the fiscal year, and a total of 420,795 cubic- yards since 1922. This work was done without cost to the United States. The timber-stone superstructure of the westerly 250 feet of the east breakwater was replaced with a concrete superstructure in 1925-26. Seventy-five linear feet of the steel ice-guard plates have- been torn off by the waves and ice and will be replaced. The remain- ing 100 feet of this breakwater has a timber-stone superstructure rebuilt in 1919 and is in good condition. The timber superstructure of the west breakwater is rapidly de- teriorating, partial repairs are now needed, and extensive repairs. will be necessary in the next few years. The total cost of the existing project was $160,936.68 for new work and 44,248.45 for maintenance, a total of $205,185.13. The total expenditures were $205,185.13. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930,. $5,000, will be applied to maintenance repairs of the breakwaters. Ice-guard plates will be placed on the east breakwater to replace those torn off by the ice and waves. Some rock and new decking will be placed on the west breakwater on damaged portions. Repairs will be made with hired labor during September, 1930. Funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. No work is contemplated during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-Receipts consisted of fish, feed, oats, lum- ber, cement, coal, oils, salt, and unclassified freight; shipments. consisted of fish and gravel. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925----------.......... 167, 739 $724, 438 494 1928....-------- 74, 768 $275, 284 (1) 1926---------.......... 94, 557 868, 874 212 1929....-------- 43,106 257, 490 (1) 1927__________. 71, 354 416, 829 260 1Unknown. No new lines of transportation were established during the year. All classes of vessels doing business at this harbor make use of the Government improvements. Greatest draft of vessels entered or departed, 14 to 16 feet. 1398 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Decrease in freight tonnage under 1928, 31,662 tons, or 42 per cent, due to the fact that there was less gravel handled during 1929. Of the total freight handled during 1929, gravel constituted 91 per cent. A number of small gasoline boats enter and depart, of which no record is available. No foreign imports or exports. No railway connections. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__ ____________--------- $160, 936. 68 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------- 44, 248. 45 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-----------205, 185. 13 Net total expenditures _....__..... _--- _-_205, 185. 13 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930__------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------------ 210, 185.13 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.................... .............. . .........--- ............ Cost of maintenance ------------------ $10, 106. 85 $605. 51 $1, 157. 55 $745. 84 $53. 65 Total expended..........................------- 10, 106 85 605. 51 -9, 638. 85 745. 84 53.65 Allotted-----------------------------.............................. 1, 000.00 ..------.....----- 13,164.87 1, 500.00 3,500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__--__--____________----__------ $1,553. 65 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--------------- ------- ------------------ --- 3, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for ----- ---------- 5, 053. 65 ,Gross amount expended_--- __ __________--------------- 53. 65 Balance unexpended June 30. 1930.......... 5, 000. 00 2. HARBOR AT AGATE BAY, MINN. Location and description.-The harbor is situated on the north shore of Lake Superior, 26 miles northeast from Duluth, Minn. It is a natural bay or indentation three-fourths of a mile long by one- half mile wide, protected by breakwaters. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 9, Lake Superior.) Original condition.-There was ample depth for navigation, with 18 feet at mean low water, over the greater portion of its entire area .of 109 acres. It was exposed to storms from the southwest and to reverse swells from severe northeast storms. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for narrowing the natural en- 'trance by the construction of rock-filled, timber-crib breakwaters, 1,050 and 900 feet long, from the eastern and western points of the .bay, respectively, and for dredging a small area to a depth of 18 feet, referred to low-water datum for Lake Superior, which is taken at 601.6 feet above mean-tide level at New York, thus affording pro- tection from southwest storms and reverse swells from northeast' storms. This depth corresponds to a depth of 16.9 feet on the Lake RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT 1399 Survey Chart No. 968 of this locality. The ordinary variation of water level extends from 0 to +1 foot above low-water datum. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1887, was $244,208. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 94, 48th Cong., 2d sess.); the con- struction of two breakwater piers was approved by the Secretary of War January 4, 1887. (Annual Report for 1887, p. 1952.) For latest published map see Annual Report for 1903, page 1793. Recommended modiflcations of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The following wharves, privately owned, are in use: Three ore docks, with total length of 3,696 feet and storage capacity of 168,800 gross tons, thoroughly modern. One coal dock and storage ground 275 by 850 feet, capacity 150,000 tons.. thoroughly modern. One pulpwood wharf 450 feet long. One merchandise wharf 414 feet long. One tug wharf 133 feet long. There are no publicly owned wharves. The merchandise wharf is open to general public use free for passengers, but a charge of 25 cents per ton is made for merchandise handled over the wharf. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For- a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--The Government improvements have been an indispensable aid to the commerce. The improvement has had a material effect in controlling freight rates on bulk commodities, such as iron ore, coal, and wood products, by reason of the increased ton- nage which can be handled in the harbor by large vessels. The harbor is used as a refuge by the smaller boats and tugs plying the lake between Duluth and Grand Marais, Minn. No record of the. number of boats using it as a refuge is available. Operations and results during flscal year.-Minor emergency re- pairs were made to the west breakwater, consisting of placing 30 steel straps to strengthen the superstructure and anchor it more firmly to the substructure. The costs were $750 for breakwater repairs and $162.52 for inspections and surveys. The total cost during the year- was $912.52, all for maintenance. The total expenditures during the year were $912.52. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1901 at a saving of $10,150 under the estimated cost. The concrete superstructure of the east breakwater is in excellent condi- tion. The timber superstructure of the west breakwater shows signs of deterioration but is in fair condition. There was a controlling depth of 22 feet of water up to the ore docks in the spring of 1930. The depth at the entrance is over 50 feet. The total cost of the existing project was $234,057.53 for new work and $105,004.53 for maintenance, a total of $339,062.06. The total expenditures were $339,062.06. Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, $3,000, will be applied mainly to repairs to the west breakwater. 1400 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 About 70 iron straps will be placed over the superstructure to strengthen and anchor it more firmly to the substructure. Funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. No work is contemplated during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-Receipts consisted of coal; shipments con- :sisted of pulpwood and iron ore. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons I-I Value --Passengers - I 1925-..... 6, 943, 495 $22, 133, 472 145 1928- ......- 6, 605, 491 $20, 994, 647 (1) 1926.--....- 7, 277,017 23, 746, 545 175 1929-.......7,600, 560 25,622, 070 (1) -1927.-..--_ 6, 604,185 20,751, 057 131 1Unknown. No new lines of transportation were established during the year. All classes of vessels can make use of this harbor without the aid which the Government improvements afford except in stormy weather, but no class can use the harbor in stormy weather without such aid. Iron ore and coal constituted 99.7 per cent of the total commerce ,of the harbor and was carried in vessels drawing 18 to 20 feet of water. The balance of the freight, which was composed of pulpwood, was carried in vessels of 10 to 12 feet draft. Increase in freight tonnage over 1928 was 995,069 tons, or 15 per -cent. Valuation shows an increase of $4,627,423, or 22 per cent. Cost and flnancial s u miary -Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------$234, .Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----__--------------------- 057. 53 105, 004. 53 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------339, 062. 06 Net total expenditures__ -------------------- 339, 062. 06 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930__----------------------------- 3, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----__---_------ 342, 062. 06 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work...---------- ----- ---------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance--.----- ----------- $63, 620. 77 $422. 19 $2, 763. 44 $637. 48 $912. 52 Total expended..........----------------------63, 620. 77 422. 19 -2, 427. 03 637. 48 912. 52 Allotted.....------------------------------------------------ 8, 395. 94 ------------......... 3, 750. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 $162. 52 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved May 28, 1930_ _ __ $3, 000 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 27, 1927 _____________--__-----__ 750 - 3, 750. 00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------- 3, 912. 52 Gross amount expended ----------- 912. 52 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 -------------------- 3, 000.00 -RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT 1401 :3.HARBOR AT DULUTH, MINN., AND SUPERIOR, WIS. -end Location and description.-This harbor is at the extreme western of Lake Superior, a distance of 395 miles from its outlet at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. The cities of Duluth, Minn., and Superior, Wis., are situated on the north and south sides, respectively. Superior Bay and its tributaries, St. Louis Bay and St. Louis River, together with Allouez Bay and the mouth of Nemadji River form Duluth- Superior Harbor. It has 49 miles of harbor frontage and 17 miles of dredged channels, all of which lie behind Minnesota Point, a natural breakwater 8 miles long. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 9, Lake Superior.) Original condition.-The natural and only entrance was Superior ,entry, which was obstructed by shifting bars, with but 9 feet of water. The bays averaged 8 or 9 feet in depth with a natural channel through them 100 to 500 feet wide, having a limiting depth of 14 feet. Nine feet was the greatest draft that could reach the Superior docks, one- half mile distant from the natural channel. The head of navigation for small craft, rafts, and logging was at Fond du Lac, on the St. Louis River, about 25 miles from Superior entry. Previous projects.-Superior and Duluth were separate improve- iments until consolidated by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896. The original project for the harbor at Superior City was adopted by river and harbor act of March 2, 1867; for Duluth Harbor by river .and harbor act of March 3, 1871. These projects were modified by river and harbor acts of March 3,1873, March 3, 1881, July 5, 1884, August 5, 1886, August 11, 1888, and July 13, 1892. The total cost ,and expenditures up to the end of the fiscal year on all projects adopted prior to the existing project, which began in 1896, were $1,547,195, which can not be divided as to new work and maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1929 of Annual' Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for rebuilding the canal piers at Duluth entry with stone-filled timber-crib substructure and concrete superstructure, 1,734 feet long and 300 feet apart for 1,250 feet, then flaring to 540 feet apart at the harbor end; for replacing the north .and south piers at Superior entry with concrete piers, 2,096 and 1,584 feet long, respectively, 500 feet apart for 808 feet, then flaring at the harbor end; for constructing 4,205 feet of rubble mound breakwaters, 900 feet of concrete pierheads on stone-filled cribs, and 896 feet of concrete shore revetments at Superior entry, the lake ends being 600 feet apart on the 30-foot contour in prolongation of the entrance channel and diverging to 2,100 feet apart at the shore line; for dredg- ing a lake approach to Duluth entry 300 feet wide to a depth of 30 feet and a channel 300 feet wide between the piers to a depth of 24 feet.; for dredging a channel 500 feet wide between the piers at Superior entry to a depth of 24 feet, a central channel 600 feet wide between the breakwaters and pierheads to a depth of 30 feet, and a stilling basin of 35 acres inside the breakwaters to a depth of 24 feet; for dredging a harbor basin of 380 acres to a depth of 22 feet inside Duluth entry and a harbor basin of 245.7 acres to a depth of 20 feet inside Superior entry; and for dredging channels, including a channel in Howards Bay, varying from 100 to 600 feet in width throughout the harbor and aggregating 18 miles in length to a depth of 20 feet. 1402 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Superior, which is taken at 601.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 20.9 feet on the Lake Survey Chart No. 966 of this locality for the Duluth Harbor Basin, 28.9 feet for approaches to the Duluth Canal and Superior entry,. 22.9 feet for Duluth Canal and Superior entry between the piers,. 18.9 feet for Superior Harbor Basin, East and West Gates Basins, Superior Front Channel, and the channels of Allouez Bay, Howards Bay, St. Louis Bay, and the St. Louis River. Highest single gage reading, November 28, 1905, was 3.7 feet above low-water datum; lowest single gage reading, January 23, 1926, was 1.95 feet below low- water datum; the annual fluctuation is about 1 foot. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $5,936,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $52,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for dredging alone (H. Ex. Doc. No. 59, 53d Cong., 3d sess.); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for rebuilding the piers at Superior entry; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the enlargement of the plant for Supe- rior entry and for additional dredging near the draw span of the Northern Pacific Railroad bridge (H. Doc. No. 82, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); section 4 of the administrative act of May 28, 1908, provided for dredging an additional area for the basin inside the Duluth entrance to a depth of 22 feet (H. Doc. No. 221, 60th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of July 27, 1916, provided for continuing improve- ments by enlarging the Superior Harbor Basin (H. Doc. No. 651, 64th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 2, 1919, provided for remov- ing the shoal point in the southerly end of the East Gate Basin (H. Doc. No. 1018, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the acts of January 21, 1927 (H. Doc. No. 245, 69th Cong., 1st sess.); and July 3, 1930 (R. & H. Com. Doc. No 32, 71st Cong., 2d sess.), provided for the channel in Howards Bay. For latest published map see Annual Report for 1903, page 1808, and River and Harbor Committee Docu- ment No. 32, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooprcitio.--No conditions were imposed by law, and there was no cooperation other than as follows: Congress, by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, author- ized the Secretary of War to accept donations of land for the Duluth Canal site. The city of Duluth donated lands for that purpose which cost the city $12,237.04; acceptance was made by the Secretary of War July 12, 1897. The following work has been done for the benefit of the public with funds supplied by other sources than Congress: In 1870 the Lake Superior & Mississippi Railway Co. built 400 linear feet of outer breakwater at Duluth. Estimated cost, $50,000. In 1870 the city of Duluth and Northern Pacific Railway Co. jointly expended $43,791.84 in cutting Duluth Ship Canal through Minnesota Point. In 1871 and 1872 the city of Duluth built 4,490 linear feet of dike across Superior Bay, at a cost of $76,404.38. Terminal faclities.-The harbor frontage is :owned as follows: Railroad companies, about 22 per cent; private individuals, com- panies, or corporations, about 77 per cent; municipalities, less than 1 per cent. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT 1403 The entire harbor area is 19 square miles, with about 49 miles of harbor frontage, only 6 miles of which are occupied by wharves. There are 10 railroads connecting with the water terminals either directly or through affiliated lines. The iron-ore docks are 7 in number, aggregating 15,324 feet in length, with a total combined storage capacity of 819,100 gross tons. The coal docks, 21 in number, have an aggregate storage capacity of 13,046,000 tons of 2,000 pounds. There are 27 elevators in the harbor, with a total storage capacity of 45,713,000 bushels; additional storage capacity of 5,000,000 bushels, now under construction, will be available during 1930; a modern cement elevator, with storage capacity for 114,000 barrels of cement and unloading capacity of 1,000 barrels per hour. The ore docks, coal docks, and elevators are for the most part equipped with modern, up-to-date machinery, and the facilities for handling ore, coal, and grain are probably not surpassed by any other port. All of these wharves, docks, and three of the elevators are private. Twenty-four of the elevators are public in the sense that they will handle grain for the public, and are declared regular by the rules of the board of trade. Two modern terminal plants handle package and perishable freight at this harbor, but further modern facilities are needed. These plants are privately owned but open to the public at the usual charges. There are two shipbuilding yards. There are 46 wharves handling freight other than iron ore, coal, and grain. Of these wharves 16 are open to public use, 8 without charge. The only publicly owned wharves in the harbor are five street ends in Duluth and two street ends in Superior. Except that the facilities for handling package freight, lumber, and general merchandise are susceptible of improvement, the terminal facilities are believed to be adequate for existing commerce, and are being increased as necessity demands. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the work done under the existing and previous projects has been to facilitate navigation by means of deeper and wider channels, with commodious anchorage and turning basins and safe entrances to the harbor, as well as to give refuge to vessels seeking shelter from storms. Through these improvements, which permit the use of larger vessels, freight rates have been materially reduced. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No new work was done. The following maintenance work was done with United States plant and hired labor: 458,201 cubic yards of material were dredged in removing shoals from the channels in St. Louis and Superior Bays; about 1,861 linear feet of the Superior entry piers were repaired by chipping out all loose and disintegrated concrete and replacing it with a rich mixture; repairs were made to the ;breakwaters by placing 1,338 tons of stone in low sections resulting from storms and settlement. The costs of the various items of work done during the year were as follows: $75,199.91 for dredging, $17,897.01 fer pier repairs, $1,860.37 for breakwater repairs, $6,222.00 for inspections and sur- veys, $9,910.46 for harbor patrol, and $371.83 for care of buildings 1404 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 and grounds. The total cost during the year was $111,461.58, all for maintenance. The total expenditures during the year were $89,035.92. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 95 per cent completed, the work remaining to be done being the enlargement of Superior Harbor Basin, authorized by the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, which is 79 per cent completed, and the extension of the channel in Howards Bay, which latter was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, but for which no funds were provided. The enlargement of Superior Harbor Basin has not been carried to completion, as the existing basin has met all needs until the present. The following work has been accomplished: Seventeen miles of channels with a width of from 100 to 600 feet'and a depth of 20 feet, completed in 1902; new piers, aggregating 3,468 feet in length, of concrete on stone-filled cribs founded on piles, completed in 1901 at Duluth Canal; concrete park and sea walls built and parks filled to grade at Duluth Canal, and an engineer building for offices and watchman accommodations built in the north canal park, completed in 1906; a vessel yard with slip, piers, warehouses, boathouses, and watchman quarters on Minnesota Point near Duluth Canal, com- pleted in 1904, was enlarged by purchase of adjacent property 120 feet in width in 1924 and further improvements completed in June,. 1927; Duluth Harbor Basin, with an area of 446 acres, with 22 feet of depth, completed in 1915; the approach to Duluth entrance dredged to 30 feet below low-water datum and the canal deepened to 24 feet, completed in 1907; the canal at Superior entry widened to 500 feet, and all concrete piers, aggregating 3,680 feet in length,. completed in 1909; lake approach to canal entrance deepened to 30s feet and canal to 24 feet, completed in 1909; converging breakwaters comprising 4,205 linear feet of rubble mound, 900 linear feet of stone-filled crib and concrete superstructure pierheads founded on piles, and 896 linear feet of concrete shore revetments on pile founda- tions, completed in 1912; enlargement of East Gate Basin completed in 1920, with a present total area of basin 209.8 acres and depth of 20 feet; Superior entry stilling basin, with an area of 35 acres and depth of 24 feet, completed in 1915; Superior Harbor Basin and its enlargement, including the portion of Superior Front Channel ad- joining the enlargement, an area of 265 acres and a depth of 20 feet,. dredged in 1919-20; the channel in Howards Bay, one-half mile in length leading from the mouth of the bay by the entrance to Tower Bay, was deepened to 20 feet in May and June, 1928. All piers and revetments are riprapped. Except for the uncompleted portions of Howards Bay and Superior Harbor Basin, the controlling depth in this harbor and up, the St. Louis River to a point opposite the southerly end of Big Island is 20 feet at low-water datum, as shown by surveys completed in March, 1930. There is some shoaling along the sides of channels and basins, and large shoal areas occur in the basins as accumulation of several years. The controlling depths in the uncompleted portions of the project are 14 feet in Howards Bay and 7 feet in a portion of Superior Harbor Basin. The head of navigation for excursion steamers, small craft, rafts, and logging is at FondI du Lac, on the St. Louis River. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT 1405) The Duluth Canal piers, the buildings and docks at the United States vessel yard, and the engineer office building in Duluth Canal Park are all in good condition. The concrete superstructure of the piers at Superior entry are in good condition except for the 70 blocks that have not been repaired. They have disintegrated at the water line and will be repaired. The shore line at the inner ends of the breakwaters has been eroded until the breakwaters have been separated from the. shore. The costs of the existing project were $5,612,439.38 for new work and $1,336,656.65 for maintenance, a total of $6,949,096.03. The total expenditures were $7,474,668.13. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied to maintenance as follows: Dredging with Government plant-__-__- -__-_-----$60, 000. 00 Repairs to breakwaters, Superior Entry, by contract and by Govern- ment plant--- ----------------------------------------- 45, 000. 00 Repairs to piers with Government plant-----------------------20, 000. 00 Inspections, surveys, and harbor patrol_---- ---------- ____- 11, 000. 00 Buildings and grounds, care------ .......- 1, 000. 00 Contingencies--------------------------------------------- 8, 093. 04 Total __ ------------------------------- 45, 093. 04 1-------------- During the fiscal year 1931 dredging, pier, and breakwater repairs and routine operations will be carried out. Maintenance dredging for the removal of shoals will be done during August to November, 1930, and April, 1931. About 1,600 tons of stone will be placed on the damaged portions of the Superior Entry breakwaters during November, 1930, by Government plant, and 8,000 tons of stone will be placed during August to October, 1930, in wings to be placed on the inner ends of the breakwaters to counteract the scouring action of the waves. Patching repairs to the Superior Entry piers will be completed during July to October, 1930. The funds will be ex- hausted or obligated by June 30, 1931. During the fiscal year 1932 new work consisting of extending and deepening of channel of Howards Bay as far as the Lamborn Avenue Bridge, in partial execution of the project, as modified, by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, should be carried out. Maintenance dredging for the removal of shoals throughout the entire harbor and maintenance repairs to breakwaters and piers will be necessary. The tug West Neebish has reached the end of its economical useful life and should be replaced by a new tug. Routine operations will be carried on. Additional funds can therefore be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 as follows: New work: Dredging in Howards Bay, by contract______----___,_ $16,000 Maintenance: Dredging with Government plant____--------- _____------------ 45, 000 Repairs to. breakwaters with Government plant 5, 000 Repairs to piers with Government plant- __4, 000 New tug to replace West Neebish___--_------------ 60, 000 Inspections, surveys, and harbor patrol-_ -______________ ---- 10, 000 Contingencies-------------------0--------------------- -- 00 Total-- -- ------- 130, 000 Total for new work and maintenance--.. 146, 000 1406 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The increase in the estimate for maintenance over the average ex- pended for that purpose during the past five years is due to the necessary replacement of the tug West Neebish. Commercial statistics. In order of value, receipts consisted of un- classified freight, soft coal, auto'mobiles, manufactured iron, gasoline, hard coal, cement, kerosene, lubricating oil, grain screenings, coke, limestone, steel rails, salt, fish, pig iron, gravel, sand, ties, and lumber; shipments consisted of iron ore, wheat, butter, flour, flax, barley, copper, wool, rye, eggs, corn, zinc, manufactured iron, oats, unclassi- fied freight, shingles, scrap iron, steel fence posts, feed, lumber, gaso- line, pulpwood, kegs, soft coal, gravel, and salt. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 51, 334, 641 1925-....... $471, 675,972 41,360 53, 204, 335 1928-....... $481,101,523 30,117 1926-_,_. __ 53, 695, 305, 424, 243, 329 32,472 1929------ 60, 385, 767 485, 631, 945 29, 937 1927-.:::::: 52, 712, 269 .520, 640, 087 32, 371 Of the total receipts, coal and coke constituted 89.1 per cent, lime- stone 3.8 per cent, unclassified freight 1.8 per cent, oils 1.7 per cent, sand and gravel 0.9 per cent, and the balance, or 2.7 per cent, was composed of fish, grain screenings, lumber, ties, cement, salt, manu- factured iron, pig iron, steel rails, and automobiles. Of the ship- ments, iron ore constituted 92.8 per cent, grains 5.7 per cent, flour 1 per cent, and the balance, or 0.5 per cent, was composed of butter, eggs, wool, feed, kegs, lumber, pulpwood, shingles, coal, gasoline, salt, gravel, copper, manufactured iron, scrap iron, steel fence posts, zinc, and unclassified freight. 'Bulk freight constituted 98 per cent and package freight 2 per cent of the total receipts and shipments. " Bulk " freight includes com- modities handled loose or in cargo lots, consisting principally of coal, iron ore, grain, oil, limestone, cement, salt, sand, gravel, lumber, and pulpwood. " Package" freight includes all commodities in crates, boxes, bags, barrels, bundles, sacks, or otherwise assembled. Increase in.receipts and shipments over 1928 are shown as follows: Receipts, manufactured iron 84 per cent, cement 34 per cent, automo- biles 27 per cent, kerosene 17 per cent, gasoline 12 per cent, limestone 12 per cent, coal and coke 5 per cent, lubricating oil 5 per cent, pig iron 5 per cent, and unc assified freight 2 per cent. In shipments, corn 313 per cent, manufactured iron 85 per cent, eggs 70 per cent, feed 63 per cent, lumber 41 per cent, scrap iron 26 per cent, wool 22 per cent, iron ore 22 per cent, butter 18 per cent, and flour 0.2 per cent. Decrease in receipts and shipments under 1928 are shown as fol- lows: In receipts, steel rails 76 per cent, ties 70 per cent, gravel 56 per cent, salt 30 per cent, sand 29 per cent, grain screenings 22 per cent, and fish 12 per cent. In shipments, pulpwood 72 per cent, rye 61 per cent, barley 49 per cent, flax 39per cent, soft coal 30 per cent, wheat 29 per cent, gravel 29 per cent, copper 27 per cent, kegs 26 per cent salt 94 per cent, unclassified freight 18 per cent, steel fence posts 15 per cent, shingles 12 per cent, gaso ine 8 per cent, oats 6 per cent, and zinc 3 per cent. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT 1407 The iron ore, coal, limestone, cement, scrap iron, fence posts, and a part of the grain, oil, and unclassified freight were carried in vessels drawing 18 to 22 feet of water and representing 96 per cent of the total tonnage of the receipts and shipments. Automobiles, manufac- tured iron, rails, pig iron, butter, eggs, wool, flour, feed, salt, shingles, copper, zinc, and a part of the gram, oils, and general merchandise were carried by vessels drawing 16 to 18 feet, representing 3 per cent of the total tonnage. The balance of the freight, or 1 per cent, was carried by vessels drawing 4 to 16 feet of water. The increase in freight tonnage of 7,181,432 tons, or 13 per cent, over 1928 was due principally to the larger amount of iron ore handled. Valuation shows an increase of 1 per cent over 1928. No new lines of transportation were established during the year. All classes doing business at this harbor make use of Government improvements, but only a very small proportion (possibly not more than one-tenth of 1 per cent) could carry on their business without the aid of the improvements. Cost and fnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------- $7, 159,634.38 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------- 1, 336, 656. 65 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-----------8,496,291.03 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930----------.. 510, 305. 57 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 --------------------- 9, 006, 596. 60 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------------- 25, 746. 74 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930------------------- 9, 032, 343. 34 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 10, 480. 21 Net total expenditures -----------------------------9,021,863.13 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------145, 093. 04 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------9, 166, 956. 17 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.... ------------------------------- $6, 864. 76 .4 Cost of maintenance---_ ----------- $98, 133. 47 $101, 121. 81 53, 756. 12 $46, 312.46 $111,461.58 Total cost----------------------- 98, 133. 47 101,121.81 60, 620. 88 46, 312. 46 111, 461.58 Total expended - ---------------------- 98, 133. 47 101, 121.81 236, 857. 84 17, 659. 90 89, 035. 92 Allotted.__ ---------------------------- 141,000.00 50, 000. 00 269, 828. 17 45, 000.00 163, 600.00 *Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ----------------------------$70, 528.96 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 --------------------- $110, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930----------------------------------------- 5; 000.00 Ameuntiallotted from War Dlepartment appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929--------------------- 109, 000. 00 234, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for------------- --- 304, 528. 96 Deduction on aetaint of revocation of allotment ---------.----- 70, 400.00 Net amount to be accounted for-........... --- _ 234, 128. 96 11714- -ENG 1930---89 1408 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Gross amount expended-------------------------- $89, 145. 92 Less receipts from sales--------------------------- 110. 00 $89,035.92 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------- 145, 093. 04 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-------------------------- 12, 445. 58 Balance available June 30, 1930---------- -------------- 132, 647. 46 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 -------- ------- 25, 746. 74 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930---------------158, 394. 20 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 323, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - For new work 16, 000.00 - - - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - - For maintenance 130, 000. 00 - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Total 146, 000. 00 4. HARBOR AT ASHLAND, WIS. Location and desoription.- The harbor is situated at the head of Chequamegon Bay, on the south shore of Lake Superior, 95 miles east of Duluth and 348 miles west from Sault Ste. Marie. The harbor is at the head of a bay about 5 by 12 miles and is sepa- rated from the lake by a sand spit. There is a deep channel 2 miles wide between this spit and the mainland. This entrance channel is partly sheltered from lake storms by the Apostle Islands. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 9, Lake Superior.) Original condition.-The depth along the harbor front varied from 8 to 20 feet. The bay itself had ample depth for commerce. The harbor was subject to more or less disturbance from waves generated within the bay, which made it dangerous for vessels to lie on the windward side of docks in northeast storms. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the construction and main- tenance of an 8,000-foot breakwater and the construction and main- tenance of a dredged channel 20 feet deep along the dock front, 75 feet outside the harbor line 200 feet wide from a point 400 feet west of Seventeenth Avenue West produced to Eighth Avenue West pro- duced, 400 feet Wide from Eighth Avenue West produced to Ellis Avenue produced, an entrance channel 400 feet wide extending in a northerly direction from the easterly end of this channel; and a basin 22 feet deep and about 4,800 feet long, extending from a point about 400 feet west of the Soo Dock to a point 1,000 feet east of the Chicago & Northwestern Dock No. 3, and extending from a line 75 feet outside of the harbor line to deep water in the bay. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Superior, which is taken at 601.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 18.9 feet on the Lake Survey Chart No. 964 of this locality for the dock front and entrance channel and 20.9 feet for the basin. The ordinary variation of water level extends from 0 to +1 foot above low-water datm. SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT 1409 The latest approved estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $493,400. The latest (1930) estimate for annual cost of main- tenance is $12,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 5, 1886, provided for a breakwater 7,900 feet long and dredging to remove shoal (H. Ex. Doc. No. 89, 48th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1886, p. 1674, and 1887, p. 1966), the act of August 11, 1888, appropriated $60,000 for "con- tinuing improvement on the enlarged project." On the completion of the Poe Lock in 1896, with an available depth of 20 feet, the dredging at Ashland Harbor was carried to a similar depth; the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the extension of the breakwater to the shore, but the act of June 6, 1900, directed that in lieu of this extension there should be substituted a detached breakwater extend- ing 4,700 feet out from the shore at a point 2,600 feet east of the main breakwater (prolonged) and parallel thereto; the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the completion of this improvement, omitting the detached breakwater, and defining the depth and extent of chan- nel to be dredged (H. Doc. No. 1698, 64th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the widening of part of this channel, for an entrance channel, and for the basin in the eastern part of the harbor. (S. Doc. No. 133, 71st Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal faciities.-The city of Ashland owns 4,150 feet of water front, exclusive of street ends, for future public needs, and has one wharf, built in 1926, 100 feet long by 52 feet wide. The wharf is accessible to vehicles but has no rail connection. It is open to the public without charge. The following privately owned docks, wharves, etc., are in use: Four ore docks, aggregate length of 7,248 feet, with a total of 318,100 gross tons storage capacity. Three coal docks aggregating 3,070 feet in length with storage capacity of 487,500 tons. One log wharf. One pulp-wood hoisting plant. Two log booms. Four lumber wharves, totaling about 5,200 feet in length. There are also some ol'd wharves used in a desultory manner and a number of abandoned lumber wharves. The wharves opposite the western 4,000 feet of the dredged channel have fallen into bad repair and almost complete disuse. The wharves most used are to the east of the United States dredged channel. These wharves, with the exception of those for handling lumber, are served by railroads. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full' description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Before these improvements were made the shoal water in front of the wharves limited the size, of vessels to about 8 feet draft. The improvement has had a material effect in lowering freight rates on bulk commodities, such as iron ore, coal, and lumber, by reason of the increased tonnage which can be handled. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No construction work was carried on. The tota costs were $541.86 for maintenance, in- 1410 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 spections, and surveys. The total expenditures during the year were $541.86. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 54 per cent completed, the work remaining to be done being the widening of the easterly one-third of the previously dredged channel, the dredging of an entrance to this channel from deep water, and the dredging of a basin in the easterly portion of the harbor as authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. The breakwater is in good condition, except for some settlement of stone causing low places which should be brought up to the prescribed elevations. In March, 1930, the time of the last survey, there was a controlling depth of 19 feet in the previously dredged channel, 14 feet in the area approved for widening this channel, 19 feet in the entrance channel, and a general depth of from 17 to 24 feet in the newly approved basin. The costs of the existing project were $263,426.97 for new work and $385,731.65 for maintenance, making a total of $649,158.62. The total expenditures were $649,158.62. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, $3,500, will be applied, mainly, to minor repairs to the breakwater during October, 1930. Funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. During the fiscal year 1932 new work consisting of dredging the most urgently needed area of the project, as modified by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, should be carried out. In order to provide relief for vessels backing to the east from the Chicago & North Western Railway Co. ore docks, maintenance dredging and breakwater repairs will be required. Maintenance dredging, which has not been urgently needed and has not been carried out for a number of years, as well as repair of breakwater, is now necessary. Additional funds can therefore be profitably expended as follows: New work: Dredging by contract-- --------- ------------- $70, 000 Maintenance: Dredging with Government plant------- --------------- ----- 10, 000 Breakwater repairs with Government plant --------------- 5, 000 Inspections and surveys--------------------- ---------- 2, 000 Contingencie----- --------------------------------------- 3,000 Total -------------------- --------------------- ------- 20, 000 Total for new work and maintenance___----- -- _--------- 90, 000 Comrercialstatistics.--Receipts consisted of pulpwood, logs, coal, gravel, sand, and unclassified freight; shipments consisted of hay, oats, coal, iron ore, and unclassified freight. Comparative statement Vessel traffic Ratted logs, etc. Year Tons Value Tons Value ---------------- 1925------------------------------- 8191, W2 $27, 764 606 24,000 $216, 000 106-------------------------------------8,71, 191 29, 193, 440 6,600 66, 000 1927-------------------------------------7, 057, 67 25, 589, 06 4,896 69,724 _928-:::---- ----------------- .---...--------- - 7,971,759 25,543,5(0 21, 274 297, 36 1929-------------------------- ---------- 9,100,576 29,114,383 201, 05 878, 824 RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT 1411 All classes of vessels make use of the Government improvements. Greatest draft of vessels entered or departed, 20 to 22 feet. Of the total commerce of the harbor, iron ore constituted 91 pei cent, coal 7 per cent, and the balance, or 2 per cent, was composed of pulpwood, logs, gravel, sand, hay, oats, and unclassified freight. Increase in total freight tons handled over 1928 was 17 per cent. Increase in total valuation over 1928 was 16 per cent. Value of imports, $600,000. Value of exports, $761,154. Cost and financialZ summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $263, 426.97 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 385, 731.65 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 649, 158. 62 Net total expenditures 49, 158. 62 6---------------------------- Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 --------------------------- 3, 500. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 652, 658. 62 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------------------------------------- ---------- --- -------- Cost of maintenance ------------------- $1, 181. 12 $849. 38 $782.03 $883. 76 $541. 86 Total expended.------------------------ 1,181.12 849. 38 -35, 268.12 883. 76 541.86 Allotted------ ----------------------- 1,400. 00 1,000. 00 -36, 741.38 ------------ 3, 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_- ._ $541. 86 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------- ---------------------- 35 500.00 Amount to be accounted for __. _____ ____ 4, 041.86 Gross amount expended .- __ ____-_ - __-__-- - 541. 86 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------- - 3, 500. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 _-- -- ----- 230, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work 1-------------------------------------------- 70, 000.00 For maintenance 1-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20, 000.00 Total ' --------------------------------------------- 90,000.00 5. HARBOR AT ONTONAGON, MICH. Location and desoription.--The harbor is situated on the south shore of Lake Superior, 136 miles east of Duluth and 274 miles west of Sault Ste. Marie. It consists of the improvement of the mouth of Ontonagon River. The section of the river under Government improvement is 3,000 feet long and varies in width from 240 feet between the entrance piers to 400 feet inside the piers. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 9, Lake Superior.) x Exclusive of available funds. 1412 RaPPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Original condition.-The mouth of Ontonagon River was about 400 feet wide, and for a distance of about one-half mile from the lake had a depth of 8 to 12 feet. River deposits extended; nearly half a mile into the lake, with a minimum depth of 6 feet on the bar thus formed. The available depth over the bar changed and the channel shifted from time to time, due to the action of current and sea, making the navigation of the harbor uncertain. Previous prroject.-It was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1867. The cost and expenditures were $284,801.24 for new work and $113,326.76 for maintenance, a total of $398,128, prior to commencement of work under existing project in 1911. For scope of previous project see page 1931 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.--The existing project provides for a channel 150 feet wide and 17 feet deep through the bar; and 100 feet wide and 15 feet deep between the entrance piers; for two short channels 75 feet wide and 15 feet deep leading from the inner end of the Gov- ernment piers to the nearest end of the principal wharves on each side of the river; and for maintenance of this channel and the 4,990 feet of entrance piers. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Superior, which is taken at 601.6 feet above mean- tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 15.9 feet on the Lake Survey Chart No. 95 of this locality for the lake approach and 13.9 feet between piers. The ordinary variation of water level extends from 0 to +1 foot above low-water datum. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, was $15,400, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual maintenance is $15,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 25. 1910, which provided for a channel 15 feet deep at low- water datum and pier maintenance (H. Doc. No. 602, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recom4mended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no publicly owned wharves. There are one merchandise and coal wharf, one coal wharf, and a few small fish wharves in active use. The merchandise and coal wharf is 300 feet long. The coal wharf, with a storage capacity of 40,000 tons, has a frontage of 600 feet, 300 feet of which has a concrete super- structure built in 1923. There are rail connections to the two coal wharves. The terminal facilities are adequate for the commerce of the harbor. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Without the Government improvements this harbor would soon be closed to navigation for anything but very small craft. The improvement had no material effect on freight rates. The harbor was used as a refuge by four vessels during the season of 1929. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging was done in May and June, 1930, in which time a total of 48,059 cubic yards were removed. The timber superstructure on 734 feet of the west pier was rebuilt in stone during July and August, 1929.' All 1 Emergency repairs were made in November, 1929, to 275 feet of the east pier where damages resulted from the storm of October 22, 1929. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT 1413 work was done with United States plant and hired labor. The costs were $7,734.14 for dredging, $14,107.94 for pier repairs, and $947.81 for surveys and inspections, making a total of $22,789.89, all for maintenance. The total expenditures during the year were $19,310.35. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was con1 - pleted in 1925 at a saving of $10,940 under the estimated cost. The outer 1,328 feet of the west pier has a new superstructure and is in good condition, but the remainder of this pier and the entire east pier, due to decay and damage by ice action and storms, is in very poor condition and in need of extensive repairs. This repair consists in removing the decayed superstructure and replacing it with heavy rock. At the end of the fiscal year the project depths of 17 feet in the lake approach and 15 feet in the balance of the channels were avail- able as shown by a survey made in June, 1930. The total costs of the existing project were $4,460 for new work and $211,543.64 for maintenance, making a total of $216,003.64. The total expenditures were $212,552. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied to maintenance as follows: Dredging with Government plant--__ ------------------- $14,000.00 Repairs to piers with Government plant----------------------- 40, 000. 00 Inspections and surveys- , 500. 00 1------------------------ Contingencies__---------------- ---------- ----------- 1, 352. 55 Total -------------------- ------------------------ 56, 852. 55 During the fiscal year 1931 maintenance dredging and repairs to piers will be carried out. Repairs will be made to 1,500 linear feet of the east pier during August to October, 1930, and May, 1931. Available funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. During the fiscal year 1932 annual maintenance dredging and major pier repairs will be required. It is proposed to complete the major repairs to the piers by repairing the remaining 1,250 feet of the west pier and 830 feet of the east pier. Additional funds can, therefore, be profitably expended for maintenance as follows: Dredging with Government plant----------------------------- $15, 000 Repairs to piers with Government plant _____-------__------ 40, 000 Inspections and surveys-------------------------------- ------------ 1, 500 Contingencies -------- ----------------- 3, 500 Total ------------------------------------------------ 60, 000 The increase in the estimate for maintenance over the average ex- pended for that purpose during the past five years is due to urgent need of major repairs to piers. Commercial statistics.--Receipts consisted of fish, logs, and coal; there were no shipments. Comparative statement Vessel traffic Rafted logs Year Tons Value Tons Value i--------------------------22, 289 1925------ -------- $111, 796 2,500 $35, 000 1926-------------------------------------27, 315 146, 020 1,400 19, 600 1927-.................. ................ -39, .-....... 282 195, 255 1, 160 16, 240 1928-.-..-.--.----_ __.-------------. -. 19, 448 101, 644 5, 887 82, 417 1929------.-.---.---.----.-------.---...... 34, 481 168, 331 4, 221 59, 096 1414 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 No new lines of transportation were established during the year. All vessels doing business at this harbor make use of the Govern- ment improvements and are dependent on such improvements. Greatest draft of vessels entered or departed, 14 to 16 feet. Of the total freight handled during 1929, 88.8 per cent was coal, logs 10.9 per cent, and fish 0.3 per cent. No foreign imports or exports. Not a port of entry. Increase in freight tonnage over 1928 was 53 per cent. This was due to the larger amount of coal handled during 1929. Increase in valuation over 1928 was 24 per cent. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-_ ---------------------- 289, 261.24 $-- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 --------------------- 324, 870. 40 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 614, 131. 64 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 _______---- 874. 54 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 _________-_________--- 615, 006. 18 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------- ----- 4, 326. 18 Net total expenditures____________________ __________ 610, 680. 00 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ----__-------- -_____--_ 56, 852. 55 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930________________ 667, 532. 55 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cos t o f new w or k . . . . .. . . ,_ .. _ _ _-_. Cost of maintenance------------------_ $18,974.98 $689.21 $13, 453.57 $32, 338.34 $22, 789.89 Total expended............................ 18, 974. 98 689.21 15,030. 37 32, 016.50 19, 310. 35 Allotted.............----------------------------..................11,000.00 28,000, 00 29,357.55 11,000.00 55,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 19290 ........ $21, 162. 90 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--------------------- $25, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930----------------------------------------80, 000.00 55, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for ------------------------- 76, 162. 90 Gross amount expended ------------------------------------ 19, 310. 35 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 56, 852. 55 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 -------------------------- 4, 326. 18 Balance available June 30, 1930---------------------------- 52, 526. 37 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 for maintenance 1--- 6-------------------------- 60, 000.00 6. KEWEENAW WATERWAY, MICH. Locatwon and description.-Keweenaw waterway is a navigable channel, minimum width 120 feet, 25 miles long, partly natural and partly artificial, across Keweenaw Point, Mich., with its upper or 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HIARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT 1415 westerly entrance 166.5 miles east of Duluth, Minn., and its lower or easterly entrance 205.5 miles west of Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. The entrances are protected by breakwaters, and harbors of refuge with mooring piers are conveniently located for both entrances. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 944.) Original condition.-At the time of the purchase of this waterway by the United States on August 3, 1891, the channel was narrow and crooked, with many sharp bends; it was poorly marked and lighted; the entrance piers were in very bad condition; the revetments were decayed or entirely gone; and there was a tonnage tax on the com- merce through the canals. The width of channels in use was 70 feet, and the usable low-water depth was 12.5 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a navigable channel across Keweenaw Point, approximately 25 miles long, 20 feet deep, with least bottom width of 120 feet, with necessary pile and timber revet- ments; for a stone-filled timber crib pier 3,714 feet long at the lower entrance extending to 20-foot depth of water; for converging stone- filled timber-crib breakwaters at upper entrance, with westerly break- water 2,745 feet long and easterly breakwater 2,485 feet; for an upper entrance anchorage basin 3,600 feet long by 600 feet wide, with 5,924 feet of timber mooring piers; for a lower anchorage basin one-half mile long and 800 feet wide, with a timber mooring pier 2,000 feet long; and for a curved cut-off channel at Princess Point 200 feet wide, 20 feet deep, and about three-fourths of a mile long. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Superior, which is taken at 601.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 18.9 feet on the Lake Survey Chart No. 944 of this locality. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, was $2,723,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual maintenance is $100,000. On account of its length the waterway is affected in a very slight degree by lake fluctuations of short duration. The annual fluctuation is about 1 foot. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for a 16-foot channel of 70-foot bottom width, the renewal of canal revetments, the reconstruction and extension of piers at the upper entrance to 30-foot depth of water, and at the proper time for the increase of the channel depth to 20 feet with bottom width of not less than 120 feet; by modification approved March 15, 1898, the increase in width and depth of channel was authorized (H. Doc. No. 105, 49th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for an anchorage basin just within the lower entrance about one-half mile long, 800 feet wide; for a mooring pier on its westerly side 2,000 feet in length; and for the purchase of the necessary land (H. Doc. No. 325, 60th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the Princess Point cut-off channel (H. Doc. No. 835, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 32 plivately owned wharves hav- ing a combined length of 19,040 linear feet, which are served by im- provements made along Keweenaw Waterway. Eight of these docks, 1416 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 having a total length of 5,700 linear feet, are not in use and have been practically abandoned. The remaining 24 docks, having a total length of 13,340 linear feet, are known as lumber, commercial, ma- chinery, oil, and copper wharves, and coal docks; 10 of these wharves, with a total length of 4,160 linear feet, are open to public use, while 14, with a length of 9,180 feet, are for private use only. The city of Hancock has one publicly owned wharf. The village of Hough- ton has wharf improvements at the ends of three streets. It is con- sidered that the facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvemnent.-Navigation on Lake Superior has been rendered safer by the improvement of this waterway, inasmuch as vessels use it during stormy weather instead of rounding Keweenaw Point. The number of vessels using the upper harbor of refuge during the season of 1929 was 35, tonnage 107,645; at lower harbor of refuge 9, tonnage 17,225. Commercial facilities in connection with railroads are better served in this important copper-mining dis- trict by the use of larger vessels for the transportation of freight, which was not possible before the enlargement of the waterway by the United States. Freight rates have been materially reduced. Operatiots and results during fiscal year.-No new work was done. The following maintenance work was done with United States plant and hired labor: 66,210 cubic yards of material were dredged from the upper entrance and Portage River; partial repairs were made to 9,213 linear feet of revetment in July to September, 1929, all at the upper end; 3,480 linear feet of abandoned revetments were removed in April and May, 1930; 3,630 tons of stone were placed as mainte- nance repairs to the breakwaters at the upper entrance during August and September, 1929, and June, 1930; 1,202 linear feet of the breakwater at the lower entrance were repaired by contract by the removal of stone-filled timber superstructure and replacement with concrete in July to November, 1929, and May, 1930. The costs of the work done during the year were $7,525.25 for dredging, $72,679.28 for breakwaters $27,692.58 for revetments, $5,557.51 for inspections and surveys, $3,731.40 for operation of in- spection boat (waterway patrol), $1,140.58 for care of buildings and grounds, making a total of $118,326.60, all for maintenance. The total expenditures during the year were $98,686.16. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted at a saving of $749,652.41 under the estimated cost. A navi- gable channel 25 miles long across Keweenaw Point, with a con- trolling depth of 20 feet and minimum width of 120 feet, protected at both upper and lower entrances by breakwaters of stone-filled timber cribs aggregating 8,944 feet in length is provided. There is a stilling basin behind the breakwaters at upper entrance, and harbors of refuge are conveniently located at both entrances, with mooring piers aggregating 7,924 feet in length. The dredging done in the harbor of refuge at lower entrance has provided a basin about 800 feet wide and one-half mile long, with a depth of 20 feet. The breakwaters at lower entrance were completed in 1900, at upper en- trance in 1902, the canal revetments in 1902, and the mooring pier at Portage River Harbor of Refuge in 1916. The breakwaters at the RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MIKW., DISTRICT 1417 upper entrance have decayed and have been damaged by ice and storms; 3,100 feet of timber superstructure have been repaired, but the remaining 500 feet are in a decayed condition. The remaining timber revetments along the waterway are in fair condition except for 1,000 feet, which should be removed as a menace to navigation, and about 700 feet still needing partial reconstruction. The remain- ing 950 feet of breakwater with timber superstructure at the lower entrance is badly deteriorated and extensive repairs are necessary. The timber mooring pier at the west side of Lily Pond Harbor of Refuge is also badly decayed and should be removed in a few years. Erosion of banks near the upper entrance will necessitate protective measures. Annual redredging of channels will be required indefi- nitely, there being at present an accumulation of shoals from several years. The controlling depth, as shown by the last survey completed in March, 1930, was 20 feet. The costs of the existing project were $1,973,347.59 for new work and $1,170,439.70 for maintenance, a total of $3,143,787.29. The total expenditures were $3,138,713.92. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied to maintenance as follows: Dredging with Government plant_______---------------------------- $16, 000.00 Repairs to lower entrance breakwater by contract--------------- 54, 000. 00 Repairs to upper entrance breakwater by contract and Government plant ------------------------------------------------- 59, 000. 00 Repairs to revetments with Government plant------------------- 10, 000. 00 Inspections, surveys, and waterway patrol , 000. 00 7_________________ Buildings and grounds, care 000. 00 1------------------------- Contingencies _-_-__---_------_ 6, 119. 21 Total ------------------------------------------ 153, 119. 21 Maintenance dredging for the removal of shoals in Portage River and for some widening at the lower entrance will be done during July and August, 1930. The remaining 950 feet of the timber super- structure of the lower entrance breakwater will be replaced with concrete during August to October, 1930. Major repairs will be completed on the remaining 520 linear feet of the main portions of the upper entrance breakwaters by contract during July to Septem- ber, 1930. The balance of the abandoned revetments will be removed during April, 1931. Funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. During the fiscal year 1932 annual maintenance dredging will be required and breakwater and revetement repairs should be continued. Major repairs will be required for about 400 feet of revetment, and riprapping is required on about 400 feet of lake shore near the inner end of the west pier at the upper entrance. The waterway will be patrolled and the buildings and grounds maintained. Additional funds can therefore be profitably expended for maintenance as follows: Dredging with Government plant--- --------------------------- $25, 000 Repairs to breakwaters with Government plant ---------------- 8, 000 Repairs to revetments with Government plant- -__--------___--__ 8, 000 Repairs to piers (shore riprapping) with Government plant---------- 5, 000 Inspections, surveys, and waterway patrol-.,..---------------- 7, 000 Maintenance of buildings and grounds --------------------------- 1, 000 Contingencies --------------------------------------------- , 000 Total --------------------------- -- 60, 000 1418 REPORT OF 0118 OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19-30 Co mr ercial statistics.-The ports within the Keweenaw Waterway received and shipped freight in 1929 to the amount of 864,090 short tons, valued at $17,811,247, the principal commodities received being Danish flint pebbles, coal, coke, sand, manufactured iron, automobiles, and unclassified freight, while the principal commodities shipped were copper, butter, lumber, logs, and unclassified freight. Comparative statement Local Through Local and through Year Pas- Pas- Pas- Tons Value sen- Tons Value sen- Tons Value sen- gers gers gers 1925....... 661, 677 $14,621, 782 2, 319 406, 044 $34, 067,961 17, 456 1, 067, 721 $48, 689, 743 19, 775 1926.....- . 877, 118 15, 873, 000 1, 807 390, 409 21, 524, 829 15, 586 1, 267, 527 37, 397, 829 17, 393 1927 ....... 1, 022,485 16, 344, 470 1, 570 383, 935 29, 377, 870 15, 035 1,406,420 45, 722, 340 16, 605 1928....... 773, 196 19, 813, 600 1, 631 504, 952 36, 494, 554 16, 966 1, 278, 148 56, 308, 154 18, 597 1929 -...... 864, 090 17, 811, 247 1,617 550, 084 33, 753, 048 13, 905 1, 414, 174 51, 564, 295 15, 522 The following are the names of the different ports, together with the percentage of freight received and shipped at each place: Lake Linden (on Torch Lake) 60.3 per cent, Houghton 30 per cent, Han- cock 9.1 per cent, Chassell 0 per cent, Point Mills and vicinity 0.6 per cent, and Dollar Bay 0 per cent. All classes of vessels navigating Lake Superior are making use of the Government improvements to some extent, but only a small por- tion of the vessels engaged in business with ports on this waterway could carry on such business without the aid cf the present improve- ments. The greater portion of the freight business of 1929 was car- ried on by boats drawing 12 to 20 feet of water, and representing about 98 per cent of the total tonnage, through and local. The balance of the freight was carried by boats drawing 3 to 12 feet. The through commerce consisted principally of coal, coke, cement, limestone, salt, manufactured iron, automobiles, butter, eggs, grain, flour, lumber, logs, pulpwood, shingles, copper, iron ore, zinc, and unclassified freight. No new lines of transportation were established during the year. Of the total freight east and west bound, coal and coke constituted 69.6 per cent; flour and grain 12.9 per cent; copper and zinc 2.5 per cent; lumber, logs, shingles, and pulpwood 2.6 per cent; cement, lime- stone, salt, and sand 3.6 per cent; unclassified freight 5.6 per cent; and the balance, or 3.2 per cent, was composed of butter, eggs, wool, lubricating oil, Danish flint pebbles, automobiles, manufactured iron, machinery, and iron ore. There is shown an increase of 10.6 per cent in freight tonnage of the waterway over 1928. Valuation shows a decrease of 8.4 per cent under 1928, this decrease being due to the fact that there was less copper handled during 1929. No record of unregistered vessels. Increase in registered tonnage of vessels over 1928, 22,452, or 1.5 per cent. Decrease in total number of vessels arrived and departed under 1928, 163, or 15.8 per cent. Houghton is the only port of entry on the waterway. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT 1419 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------------- $1, 973, 347. 59 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------- 1, 170, 439. 70 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 3, 143, 787. 29 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930-------- -- 7, 334. 49 Net total cost to June 30, 1930---------------------- 3, 151, 121.78 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 12, 407. 86 Net total expenditures----------------------------- 3, 138, 713. 92 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 153, 119. 21 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 3, 291,833. 13 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---.------ ------------------.------------ ----------------- Cost of maintenance-.------------------$129,419.98 $116,287.30 $140,177. 52 $130,150.04 $118,326. 00 Total expended----_ 129,419.98 116,287.30 .------------------- 102,691.05 130,579. 52 08,686. 16 Allotted-..--------- ----------- 140,000. 00 .------- 112,000.00 59,633.13 121, 700.00 161, 00. 01 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929- ---------------- $90, 805.37 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved: May 28, 1930------------------------------- $85,000.00 Feb. 28, 1929-------------------------------- 58, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930 ---------------------------------------- 18, 000. 00 161,000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-------------------------- 251, 805.37 Gross amount expended ----------------------------------- 98,686.16 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------153, 119.21 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930- --------------- 2, 428. 11 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts --------- 40, 867. 95 53, 296.06 Balance available June 30, 1930___------------------------99,823.15 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 1932 for maintenance 1 60, 000.00 7. HARBOR OF REFUGE, MARQUETTE BAY, MICH. Location and description.-This harbor (known also as Presque Isle Harbor), situated on the south shore of Lake Superior within the city limits of Marquette and about 3 miles distant from Mar- quette Harbor, is about 11/2 miles long and one-half mile wide and is protected by a breakwater. It is an indentation in the shore behind Presque Isle Point. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 935.) Original condition.-The natural depth varied from 18 to 20 feet at low water. It was fully exposed to storms from the east and northeast and comparatively little shipping was done. Previous projects.-None. Emisting project.--This provides for a 1,000-foot breakwater of Presque Isle Point and a 216-foot extension to reach to the shore, all 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1420 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 of stone-filled timber crib construction. The project is referred to low-water datum for Lake Superior, which is taken at 601.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This is 1.1 feet above the plane of reference of the Lake Survey Chart No. 935 of this locality. The harbor is subjected to fluctuations of water level, not exceeding 2 feet, due to wind and barometric conditions and to annual variations of about 1 foot. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1902, was $57,500. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for a 1,000-foot breakwater off Presque Isle Point (H. Doc. No. 318, 54th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for a 216-foot extension to reach to the shore (Annual Report for 1903, pp. 474, 1823). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned report. Reconmmended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is one wharf 60 by 100 feet for han- dling pig iron and one ore dock 1,200 feet long, having 200 pockets with normal storage capacity of 50,000 gross tons. Both are open to public use. Both are served by rail connection. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. There are no publicly owned wharves. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement facilitates the loading of vessels at the ore docks. It is not used as a harbor of refuge. It has not resulted in reducing freight rates, as far as can be ascer- tained. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No construction work was done. The total costs were $561.18 for maintenance, inspections, and surveys. The total expenditures during the year were $561.18. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project was com- pleted in 1903 at a saving of $2,444 under the estimated cost. A con- crete superstructure on the breakwater, completed in October, 1926, 1,193 feet in length is in excellent condition. The controlling depth in the harbor on June 30, 1930, was over 21 feet below low-water datum. The costs of the existing project were $55,056.34 for new work and $99,890.40 for maintenance, making a total of $154,946.74. The total expenditures were $154,946.74. Proposed operations.-No funds are available, and no work is con- templated during the fiscal years 1931 and 1932. Comimercial statistics.-Shipments consisted of iron ore and pig iron; there were no receipts. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925---------------- ., 2, 517, 185 $8, 199,564 1928............--.-- 2, 98, 582 $9, 382, 495 1926 2,819. 57 9,057,348 1929................-------------------4,016,492 13, 522, 300 -::::: Se1927_s : 2,719, 551 8, 628, 709 RIVERS AND HARBORS--DULUTH, M1INN., DISTRICT 1421 No record of passengers arriving and departing. No new lines of transportation were established during the year. All classes of vessels can make use of the harbor. There was an increase over 1928 of 1,037,910 tons, or 35 per cent, in total tons of freight handled. Increase in valuation was $4,139,805, or 44 per cent, over 1928. Of the total iron ore shipped, 261,654 tons, or 6.5 per cent, was sent to foreign ports. No package or passenger boats entered. Cost and finana summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------- $55, 056.34 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------99, 890. 40 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930___--__-----__ 154, 946. 74 Net total expenditures__------_ ---------- 154, 946.X14 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930___________------- 154, 946. 74 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .... - Cost of maintenance- ------------------- $204. 81 $86, 231.99 $701.01 $909. 54 $561. 18 Total expended.---------------_---------- 204.81 86, 231.99 -1,100.71 918.94 561.18 Allotted ---------------------------- 112,000.00-7,953.26 0.00 0.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929.--------------------- --- $561.18 Gross amount expended------------- ------------------------- 561.18 8. HARBOR AT MARQUETTE, MICH. Location and description.-This harbor is situated in Marquette Bay on the south shore of Lake Superior, 160 miles west of Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., and 256 miles east from Duluth, Minn. It is protected by a breakwater 4,500 feet long. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 935.) Original condition.-There was a natural harbor, but it afforded no protection to vessels from northeasterly or easterly storms. There were no defined channels, and the maximum usable low-water depth was 17 feet. Previous project.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a 4,500-foot breakwater, the inner 3,000 feet of stone-filled timber cribs, and the outer 1,500 feet of rubble-mound construction, and for the removal of a small shoal to a depth of 22 feet, giving a protected area of 350 acres. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Superior, which is taken at 601.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 20.9 feet on the Lake Survey Chart No. 935 of this locality. This harbor is subject to very marked under- tow, with a consequent fluctuation during storms amounting at times to 21/2 feet. The annual fluctuation is about 1 foot. The esti- mate of cost for new work, made in 1910, was $1,228,066.29. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 9, 1867, provided for a breakwater 1422 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1930 2,000 feet long, extending outward from the shore into the bay (H. Doc. No. 56, 39th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1866, pp. 8 and 77); the act of August 11, 1888, provided for a 1,000-foot extension of the breakwater (Annual Report for 1889, pp. 272 and 2021); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for 1,500 feet extension of the breakwater and for the removal of a shoal in the northerly part of the harbor (H. Doe. No. 573, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1911, page 2291. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of one ore dock 1,236 feet long, storage capacity 45,000 gross tons; one coal dock about 1,500 feet in length; two old wharves slightly used; one freight and passenger wharf 400 feet in length; one oil pier 700 feet long. There are also several small fish wharves without railroad con- nections. The freight and passenger wharf is open to public use, for which a charge is made. There are no publicly owned wharves. The facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For full de- scription of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement provides a harbor of refuge and facilitates shipping by affording protection to vessels using the various docks and wharves. It has resulted in a reduction of freight rates through allowing vessels of greater capacity to use the harbor. Two vessels used this harbor for refuge during the season of 1929. Sometimes vessels loading at Marquette Bay are driven to Marquette for shelter on account of storms. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Repairs with United States plant and hired labor were made to the rubble-mound portion of the breakwater in June, 1930, by placing 1,541 tons of large stone in the damaged portions. The costs were $4,847.59 for breakwater repairs and $1,013.37 for inspections and surveys, making a total of $5,860.96, all for maintenance. The total expenditures during the year were $683.49. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1922 at a saving of $182,943 under the estimated cost. The concrete-covered breakwater was completed in the fiscal year 1905, the dredging in 1910, and the rubble-mound portion of the break- water in 1922. Some damage by 1929 storms still remains to be repaired by replacement of rock. The controlling depth in the harbor on June 30, 1930, was over 21 feet. The costs of the existing project were $1,045,123.51 for new work and $239,376.79 for maintenance, 'a total of $1,284,500.30. The total expenditures were $1,279,322.83. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, $11,602, will be expended chiefly for breakwater repairs by Govern- ment plant, probably in July, 1930. During the fiscal year 1932 it is proposed to make minor mainte- nance repairs to the breakwater with Government plant. Additional funds amounting to $8,000 can therefore be profitably expended for that purpose, including contingencies. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MVINN., DISTRICT 1423 Commercial statistics.-Receipts consisted of coal; shipments con- sisted of iron ore. Comparative statement Year Short tons Value Year Short tons Value 1925 ------------------- .... 1, 692, 554 $5, 984, 116 1928.------------------1, 059, 167 $3, 507, 799 1926......------------------- 1, 259, 060 4,261,580 1929..-----------------1, 161, 276 4, 002, 734 1927......------------------- 1, 132, 421 3, 711, 640 No new lines of transportation were established during the year. Greatest draft of vessels doing business at this harbor during 1929, 20 to 22 feet. Of the total freight handled during the year, iron ore constituted 84.5 per cent and coal 15.5 per cent. Increase in freight tons handled over 1928 was 9.6 per cent. Increase in valuation over 1928 was 14.1 per cent. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $1, 045, 123. 51 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-- --------------------- 239, 376. 79 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 1, 284, 500. 30 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_--- ------------ 5, 177. 47 Net total expenditures-_-------------------- 1, 279, 322. 83 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ _ 11, 602. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_ -- ____ 1, 290, 924. 83 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work ___ - - Cost of maintenance------------------- $11, 422. 83 059. 85 $1, .- $484. 78 - . - - $6, 932. 62 ---- $5, 860.96 Total expended......-----------------------11, 422. 83 1, 059. 85 -33, 505. 05 6, 935. 36 683.49 Allotted ----------------------------- ............ 2, 700. 00 ...-- .. ..-- 34, 805. 17 6, 800.00 11, 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------------------- $785. 49 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-----------------------------$3, 500. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930, Mar. 26, 1930--------------------------------------- 8, 000. 00 11, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for -____________ 12, 285. 49 Gross amount expended ------------------------------------------- 683. 49 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-- ___._________--___ 11, 602.00 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_---- ______ _____________ 5, 177. 47 Balance available June 30, 1930_ ___.. ______- -___--___ 6, 424. 53 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, --- -- -- 1932, for maintenance 1____ - - - - - -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- - - -- - - ___ 8, 000.00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 11714---ENa 1980---90 1424 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 9. HARBOR OF REFUGE AT GRAND MARAIS, MICH. Location and description.-The harbor is situated on the south shore of Lake Superior 314 miles east of Duluth, Minn., and 93 miles west of Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. It is a natural deep-water bay having a length of 2 miles, width of three-eighths mile, an area oi 240 acres, and a depth of 18 to 57 feet. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 9, Lake Superior.) Original condition.-The natural entrance, about 3,000 feet wide, was obstructed by a bar having a depth of 7 feet at low water. The west end of the bay afforded good shelter in all winds. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for parallel timber-crib piers 500 feet apart-aggregate length 3,450 feet-extending out to a depth in the lake of 22 feet at ordinary low water; for closing the natural entrance by a pile dike 5,770 feet long; and for dredging a channel 300 feet wide and 18 feet deep between the piers, and 500 feet wide and 20 feet deep at the lake approach. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Superior, which is taken at 601.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to depths on the Lake Survey Chart No. 9 of this locality of 18.9 feet :at the lake approach and 16.9 feet between piers. The ordinary variation of water level extends from 0 to +1 foot above low-water datum. The latest approved estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1894, is $484,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual maintenance is $15,000. The existing project, except for the pile dike, was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, pursuant to which plans were approved by the Secretary of War, August 5, 1881 (Annual Report for 1881, p. 2050). The project was extended in 1894 to provide for closing the natural entrance, 5,770 feet wide, by a pile dike (Annual Report for 1895, p. 351). For the latest published map see House Document No. 1286, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is no rail connection with the harbor. There are two fish wharves, 230 and 90 feet long, respectively, and one general merchandise wharf 100 feet long. There are no publicly owned wharves, but all the wharves are open to general public use. The facilities are considered adequate for present needs. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-This harbor is primarily a harbor of refuge. Nine vessels entered the harbor for shelter during the season of 1929. Without the aid afforded by Government improvements this harbor would be inaccessible to vessels drawing more than 7 feet. The greatest draft of vessels which entered or departed was about 14 to 16 feet. Opations and results uring fiscal year.-No construction work was done. The total cost was $1,498 for maintenance inspections and surveys. The total expenditures during the year were $2,084.06. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 85 per cent completed. Parallel piers were built 500 feet apart, 1,912 and 1,545 RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT 1425 feet long, respectively, and a pile revetment 100 feet long at the inner end of each pier; a channel 250 feet wide and 18 feet deep was dredged between the piers from the lake to the bay; and a pile dike was built in 1895-1897 to close the natural entrance, 5,770 feet in width. The piers and dike have been maintained by minor repairs, but show deterioration due to decay. The superstructure of the west pier, except for the outer 256 feet, is in poor condition, due to decay of timbers, and is badly in need of repairs. The lake approach and entrance channel have shoaled up. The controlling depths are 14 feet in the lake approach and 17 feet in the channel between the piers, as shown by a survey of May, 1930. To complete the project there remains to be done the construction of 193 linear feet of crib piers and dredging to widen the inner portion of the channel, now 250 feet wide, to the project width of 300 feet. This work is not consid- ered necessary to meet present requirements of navigation. The costs of the existing project were $355,885.29 for new work and $353,163.81 for maintenance, a total of $709,049.10. The total expenditures were $711,774.55. Proposed operoutions.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Dredging with Government plant------------------------------ $15, 000. 00 Pier repairs with Government plant __ __-_ _____-_______--- 10, 000. 00 Inspections and surveys ----------------- 1, 000. 00 .Contingencies-------------------------------------------------- 1, 569. 33 Total-------------------------- ------------------------- 27, 569. 33 Shoals in the lake approach and along the edges of the channel between the piers will be removed during July and August, 1930. Minor repairs will be made to about 1,550 linear feet of the decayed rtimber superstructure of the west pier during July, 1930. Funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. During the fiscal year 1932 it is proposed to make major repairs to 600 feet of the west pier. Additional funds amounting to $25,000 -contingencies. can, therefore, be profitably expended for that purpose, including Commercial statistics.-Receipts consisted of fish; shipments con- sisted of lumber. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925.......---------------------- 740 $75, 647 1928..................---------------------.. 1, 929 $163, 403 1926......................----------------------. 1, 845 115, 552 1929-----------------------....................... 570 77,467 1927----------------------....................... 1, 446 126,811 Of the total freight handled, fish constituted 80 per cent and lum- ber 20 per cent. Greatest draft of vessels entered or departed, 14 to 16 feet. Decrease in freight tons handled under 1928 was 1,359 tons, or 70 per cent, due to the fact that there was no coal handled during 1929. Decrease in valuation under 1928 was $85,936, or 58 per cent. Not a port of entry. No railroad connections. 1426 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and ftinerial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------ ------------------- $35 885. 29 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 _- _ _---------------- - 353, 163. 81 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-----------709, 049. 10 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930_----------- 1, 834. 04 Net total cost to June 30, 1930----------------- _ -__- 710, 883.14 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------1,208.70 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 ------------ - -712, 091.84 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------------- 317. 29 Net total expenditures_.... __- ___---------------- 711, 774. 55. Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------- 27, 569.33 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--- 739, 343.88. __-------- Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-_______--_----------- Cost of maintenance-------------------$14, 014.91 28,276.54 $15, 391.70 _ $14, 603.29 ---------- $1,498.00. Total expended..----------------------- 14, 014.91 28, 276.54 -7, 335.38 16, 233.74 2, 084.06 Allotted---------- ------------------ 37, 000. 00 13, 000. 00 -5, 754.44 4, 000.00 17, 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 -------------------------- $12,153.39 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930----------------------------------------- 17, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for---------- --- --- 29,653. 39 Gross amount expended------------------------------------- 2, 084. 06 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------27,569. 33 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---------------------------- 317. 29 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------------27, 252. 04 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930------1----------------------- , 208. 70 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930---------------28, 460. 74 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - existing project 1 128, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 1932, for maintenance 25, 000. 00 10. WARROAD HARBOR AND RIVER, MINN. Location and description.-WarroadHarbor and River are at the southwestern extremity of Lake of the Woods, 36 miles west of the mouth of Rainy River. Warroad Harbor, about 1 mile long and 550, feet to 1,300 feet wide, is formed by the mouth of Warroad River, a very small stream. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 21, Lake of the Woods.) Original condition.-There was a fair natural harbor within the mouth of Warroad, River, with depths varying from 4 to 13 feet. Between this harbor and the lake there was a bar having a least depth of 5 feet at what was then considered the mean controlled lake 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND, HARBORS-DULUTH, MINK ., DISTIOCT 1427 stage (1,060.8 feet above mean tide). The channel of Warroad River, following a tortuous course through the harbor, had a width of about 80 feet and a minimum depth of 10 feet at mean lake stage. The river was navigable for small launches to a point about 4 miles above the harbor. Previous projects.-None. Emisting project.-This provides for dredging and maintaining a channel 8 feet deep from the landing at Warroad to deep water in the lake, the channel being 9,200 feet long, 200 feet wide within the harbor, and 300 feet wide out in the lake; for a turning basin 500 by 900 feet to a depth of 8 feet; and for a pile-brush-stone jetty on the north side of the channel extending from the shore 700 feet into the lake. The project depth is referred to mean low-water datum for Lake of the Woods, which is taken at 1,057.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 8.4 feet on United States Lake Survey Chart No. 21 of this locality. The aver- age annual variation of water level during the navigation season is 1.5 feet. The monthly mean water stages during the last 20 naviga- tion seasons have varied from 1.2 feet below to 6.4 feet above mean low water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $118,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual maintenance is $10,000. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, and modified by the following river and harbor acts: June 6, 1900; June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 92, 56th Cong., 2d sess.) ; March 3, 1905; June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 703, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) ; and July 25, 1912. The latest published map is opposite page 1984 in the Annual Report for 1911. Recommended modifications of project.-It is recommended that the project be modified by reducing the channel width to 100 feet and the turning basin to 250 feet (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-A pile and plank wharf 80 feet in length has been provided by the village of Warroad for free use by the public. Two commercial companies' fish wharves 60 feet in length are not open to the public. These wharves are served by spur tracks from the Canadian National and Great Northern Railroads. There are also a number of minor wharves. These facilities are ample for the needs of existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made it possible for all boats on the Lake of the Woods to enter Warroad Harbor, and provides shelter in time of storm. No record of the number of boats using the harbor for shelter is available. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-No new work was done. Maintenance work consisted of dredging during July and August, 1929, and April and May, 1930, with United States plant and hired labor, a total of 39,461 cubic yards, and the reconstruction with rock of the jetty, 455 feet long, by contract. The costs were $20,655.64 for dredging, $16,036.05 for jetty reconstruction, and $684.97 for inspections and surveys, making a total of $37,376.66, all for mainte- nance. The total expenditures during the year were $25,711.79. 1428 ErPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1980 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project as a whole is 76 per cent completed. The protective jetty was completed in 1910 and reconstructed as a rubble mound in 1929. The turning basin at the Warroad wharves was completed in 1911, and a channel 200 feet wide and 8 feet deep was completed in 1915. The controlling depth in the channel in June, 1930, was 6.5 feet below mean low-water datum, which is 1,057.6 feet above mean tide level at New York, for a least width of 75 feet. The work to be done to complete the existing project consists of widening the lake channel from 200 to 300 feet for a distance of 7,460 feet. This has not been done because the additional width is not necessary to meet present requirements. The total costs of the existing project at the end of the fiscal year were $83,805.36 for new work and $148,807.73 for maintenance, a total of $232,613.09. The total expenditures were $288,041.56. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Dredging with Government plant----------------------------$11, 000. 00 Machinery replacement on dredge Traverse--------------------- 10, 000. 00 Inspections, surveys, and contingencies------------------------- 2, 258. 44 Total -------------------------------------------- 23, 258. 44 Removal of shoals in the lake approach and river channel will be completed during July and August, 1930. Funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. During the fiscal year 1932 annual maintenance dredging for the removal of shoals will be necessary. Additional funds can therefore be profitably expended as follows: Dredging with Government plant-- ---------------------------- $12, 000 Inspections, surveys, and contingencies ---------------------------- 1, 500 Total--------------------------------------------- 13, 500 Commercial statistics.-Importsconsisted of fish, automobiles, and unclassified freight; exports consisted of empty fish boxes, gasoline, automobiles, and unclassified freight. Domestic receipts consisted of fish, lumber, poles, post, ties, rock, oil barrels, and unclassified freight; shipments consisted of feed, empty fish boxes, oils, salt, and unclassified freight. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925-.......... 3,956 $263,846 4,638 1928----------.......... 2,566 $156, 510 2,282 1926--.......... 2, 296 459, 679 2, 240 1929--....... 5, 181 604, 816 9,417 1927---------- 1, 694 291,188 1,855 Of the total freight handled, fish constituted 36 per cent, wood products 33 per cent, unclassified freight 11 per cent, rock 10 per cent, and the balance, or 10 per cent, was composed of automobiles, oils, oil barrels, feed, and salt. Increase in freight tonnage over 1928 was 2,615 tons; increase in valuation was $448,306. Greatest draft of vessels entering and departing, 6 to 8 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT 1429 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------ $83,805.36 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 148, 807.73. Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 232,613. 09 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930-_----------- 53, 424. 79 Net total cost to June 30, 1930--------------------------- 286, 037. 88 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------------- 8, 164. 42: Gross total costs to June 30, 1930---------------------- 294, 202. 30 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------------- 6,160. 74 Net total expenditures------------------------------ 288, 041.56. Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------------------- 23, 258. 44 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------311,300.00, Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work----------- ------ ------------------ ------------------------ Cost of maintenance----------------------- $3,284.95 $16, 549. 61 $15, 485.30 $8, 529.37 $37, 376.66 Total expended------..............------------------3, 284.95 16, 549. 61 71, 176. 98 16, 016.69 25, 711. 70 Allotted------ .......---..........--...----------------- 18,000. 00 52, 500.00 27, 500.00 I 22,000.00 34, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $14, 970. 23. Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-------------------------- $11, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930------- ------------------- --------------- 20, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929--- -------------------- 3, 000. 00 34, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for- --------------------------- 48, 970. 23 Gross amount expended-------------------------- 38, 674. 84 Less receipts from sales -------------------------- 12, 963. 05 25, 711. 79 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------- 23, 258. 44 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-------------------------- 6, 160. 74 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------------- 17, 097. 70 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930--_ ------------------------- 8, 164. 42 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930-------------- 25, 262. 12 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - 34, 000. 0( Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---- -- - -- - - 30, 1932, for maintenance 3, 500. 00 11. BAUDETTE HARBOR AND RIVER, MINN. Location and description.-Baudette River has its source in the swamp lands of northern Minnesota and flows in a northeasterly direction to Rainy River, its mouth being about 10 miles from where Rainy River empties into Lake of the Woods. Its total length is about 31 miles. Except for a short distance above the mouth it is an 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1430 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, UT. S. ARMIY, 1930 insignificant stream, its greatest width being less than 100 feet. Near the mouth, on the right and left banks of the river, respectively, are located the villages of Spooner and Baudette, Minn. The improve- ment is confined to that portion of the river below the Canadian National Railway bridge, which is about a quarter of a mile from the mouth. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of Minnesota, scale, 1: 500,000.) Original condition.-The river for about a mile above its mouth is in the nature of an estuary, of irregular depth, the water level of which fluctuates with that of Rainy River, there being practically no current in this stretch. Prior to the improvement there was a fair natural harbor, but the natural channel leading thereto was tortuous and of insufficient depth to allow the larger boats to enter from Rainy River. Previos projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 81/2 feet deep and 75 feet wide for a distance of about 950 feet from the mouth of the river, with an increase in width at the inner end to form a turning basin with a maximum width of 250 feet. The project depth is referred to assumed low-water datum at Baudette, which is taken at 1,061.45 feet above mean tide level at New York. The ordinary variation of water level during any one navigation season is 1.3 feet. Ordinary water stages during the last six navigation seasons have varied from 4.2 feet below to 3.6 feet above assumed low water. Maximum flood stage is about 4.5 feet above assumed low water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, was $5,000. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual maintenance is $800. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 109, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The village of Baudette has constructed a pile and timber wharf about 41 feet long and 40 feet wide, which is open to the public without charge. There is also a pile and timber wharf of irregular shape, having a river frontage of about 54 feet and a width of about 38 feet, which is owned by a private concern but which is open to public use without charge. At Spooner there is a village-owned pile and timber wharf about 63 feet wide by 70 feet long, which is open to the public without charge. In addition to the foregoing there are several privately owned small and little- used wharves on both sides of the river. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work already done is sufficient to permit all boats operating on Rainy River to enter the harbor. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No construction work was done. The total maintenance cost of inspections and surveys was $39.68. The total expenditures during the year were $39.68. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1919 at a saving of $475.32 under the estimated cost. The available depth in the channel, in April, 1930, was 8 feet for a least width of about 40 feet at assumed low-water datum (1,061.45). The RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT 1431 costs of the existing project were $4,524.68 for new work and $4,542.13 for maintenance, a total of $9,066.81. The total expendi- tures were $9,066.81. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, $3,000, will be applied mainly to the removal of shoals in the project area at the mouth of the Baudette River. Funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. No work is contemplated during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-Receipts consisted of fish, barley, flax, oats, wheat, hay, potatoes, vegetables, lumber, piling, poles, posts, ties, and unclassified freight; shipments consisted of feed, flour, and unclassi- fied freight. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925_-.......-. 37, 978 $375, 892 30, 050 - 1928- ......... 8, 231 $231, 142 42, 000 1926----....-----... 44,116 860,304 50,070 1929 ......... -- 5,341 205,022 26, 125 1927 ...-...- -8, 945 302, 602 43, 067 ADDITIONAL TRAFFIC TOWED IN RAFTS Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925--------------------- 28,358 $237,318 1928 .......--------------------- 4, 612 $55,034 1926. ..---------------------- 20,269 --------- 238,608 1929_ ------------ 4, 508 46,110, 1927..-----.----------------- 11,249 127,809 No new lines of transportation were established during the year. Value of imports, $23,367; there were no exports. Of the total commerce of the harbor, wood products constituted 67.6 per cent, grain 16.4 per cent, and the balance, or 16 per cent, was composed of fish, hay, potatoes, vegetables, feed, flour, and unclassified freight. Many small gasoline crafts enter and depart of which no record is available. Automobiles to the number of 1,658 entered and departed; these were ferried across Rainy River and are not included in totals as freight tonnage, being tourists to and from Canada. Cost and financial sunmnary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------- $4, 524. 68 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 4, 542. 13 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------- 9, 066. 81 Net total expenditures____--------------_______--------------------- 9,066. 81 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ ------------- --------- 3, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 12, 066. 81 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work....- Cost of maintenance. "------------$18. .------------------- 31 $23. 44 $503. 93 $39. 68 Total expended..--- .---- -------- ----- --- .-- 18.31 23.44 503.93 39.68" Allotted . ------------------ .----- I................ 500.00 500..8I 1------------ I---------- 2, 766. 81. 1432 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----------------------------- $272.87 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------- --------- ------------- 3,000.00 Amount to be accounted for ________--------------- 3, 272. 87 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment__----------__ 233. 19 Net amount to be accounted for__-------------- ------- 3, 039. 68 Gross amount expended-----------------_------------ - 39. 68 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------- 3, 000.00 12. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928) ; collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine naviga- tion investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $12,559.62; the expenditures were $11,821.48. The balance unex- pended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $13,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and flaWinoal summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------- ------------- $14, 987.14 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ------ __----------- 787. 14 Net total expenditures _-__--_---------.. --_ _ 14, 200. 00 _ Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ _ _- __-__ -- __ . - _---_ _ 12, 400. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__.---------- ... 26, 600. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-.......................... .... ..... Cost of maintenance_...................----- ---------------..- .-- .-------- - - . $2,427.52 $12, 559.62 Total expended---------- ----------------- ------------------------ 2,378. 52 11, 821. 48 Allotted...........--------------......--....------------------- ------------ $700. 00 13, 00.00 12, 400.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929________-- -- $11, 821.48 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------ 12, 400. 00 Amount to be accounted for --- _-----------____------- 24, 221. 48 Gross amount expended-------------------------- $12, 505. 16 Less receipts from sales-------- ------------- -- 683. 68 11, 821.48 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 12, 400. 00 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930___---- ------------------- -- 787. 14 Balance available June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 11, 612. 86 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, - -- - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - 1932, for maintenance 1 - - __ 13, 500. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT 1433 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JULY 3, 1930 The local engineer was charged with the duty of making prelimi. nary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly .submitted when received: 1. Baudette Harbor, Minn. 2. Agate Bay Harbor (Two Harbors), Minn. 3. Harbor at Grand Marais, Minn. 4. Duluth-Superior Harbor, Minn. and Wis. 5. Siskiit River, Wis. 6. Ashland Harbor, Wis. 7.Bayfeld Harbor, Wis. V. .8. Harbor of Refuge, Marquette Bay, Mich. Harbor at Marquette, Mich. 10. Keweenaw Waterway, Mich. 11. South shore of Lake Superior, in the vicinity of Keweenaw Point, Mich., with a view to providing a harbor of refuge. REPORTS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, UNITED STATES SENATE, AND THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated June 7, 1929, a review of reports on Ashland Harbor, Wis., printed in House Executive Document No. 89, Forty- eighth Congress, second session, and later reports, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee April 9, 1930, and printed in Senate Document No. 133, Seventy-first Con- gress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 20 feet deep and 400 feet wide, extending from Eighth Avenue West produced to Ellis Avenue produced, and an entrance channel of the same dimen- sions extending in a northerly direction from the easterly end of this channel; for a basin 22 feet deep and about 4,800 feet long, extending from a point about 400 feet west of the Soo Dock to a point about 1,000 feet east of the Chicago & Northwestern Dock No. 3, and extending from a line 75 feet outside of the harbor line to deep water in the bay, at a total estimated cost of $230,000, with $12,000 annually for maintenance. By resolution dated January 14, 1930, a review of reports on Duluth-Superior Harbor, Minn. and Wis. (Howards Bay), printed in House Document No. 245, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session, and other reports, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was trans- mitted to the committee on April 9, 1930, and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 32, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for extending the channel in Howards Bay, with a depth of 20 feet to the south side of the entrance to the southerly dry dock of the shipbuilding company, with widths of 300 feet opposite Tower Bay, about 185 feet at Lamborn Avenue, and such widths below Lamborn Avenue as can be obtained by dredging to lines 50 feet from the harbor lines, at an estimated cost of $36,000, with $500 annually for maintenance in addition to that now required for Howards Bay. 1434 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT This district includes the rivers and harbors in the States of Michigan and Wisconsin on the west shore of Lake Michigan, con- stituting the original Milwaukee district, and the harbors along the east shore of Lake Michigan, in the State of Michigan, to the Straits of Mackinac, and thence along the north shore to Seul Choix Point Lighthouse, including the waters draining into this part of Lake Michigan, constituting the former Grand Rapids (Mich.) district. District engineer: Lieut. Col. John J. Kingman, Corps of Engi- neers. Division engineer: Col. Edward H. Schulz, Corps of Engineers, to October 26, 1929; Col. Edward M. Markham, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Manistique Harbor, Mich___ 1434 15. Kenosha Harbor, Wis______ 1487 2. Menonminee H ar bor and 16. St. Joseph Harbor, Mich__ 1490 River, Mich. and Wis_ __ 1437 17. South Haven Harbor, Mich_ 1493 3. Green Bay Harbor, Wis____ 1441 18. Saugatuck Harbor and Kal- 4. Fox River, Wis___________ 1445 amazoo River, Mich_____ 1496 5. Operating and care of locks 19. Holland Harbor, Mich______ 1498 and dams on Fox River, 20. Grand Haven Harbor and Wis_- ____ 1454 Grand River, Mich _______ 1502 6. Sturgeon Bay and Lake 21. Muskegon Harbor, Mich ___ 1507 Michigan Ship Canal, Wis_ 1455 22. White Lake Harbor, Mich_ 1511 7. Algoma Harbor, Wis_______ 1459 23. Ludington Harbor, Mich___ 1514 8. Kewaunee Harbor, Wis____ 1462 24. Manistee Harbor, Mich__. 1517 9. Two Rivers Harbor, Wis___ 1465 25. Portage Lake Harbor, Mich_ 1521 10. Manitowoc Harbor, Wis____ 1469 26. Frankfort Harbor, Mich____ 1523 11. Sheboygan Harbor, Wis __ 1472 27. Charlevoix Harbor, Mich___ 1527 12. Port Washington Harbor, 28. Petoskey Harbor, Mich__ __ 1530 Wis_------------------- 1475 29. Examinations, surveys, and 13. Milwaukee Harbor, Wis ___ 1478 contingencies (general) ___ 1533 14. Racine Harbor, Wis________ 1484 1. MANISTIQUE HARBOR, MICH. Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Lake Michigan, about 135 miles northeasterly from Green Bay Har- bor and 220 miles northerly from Milwaukee. The harbor is at the mouth of the Manistique River, and consists of a basin having an area of about 31 acres, formed by inclosing a portion of Lake Michi- gan within breakwaters. (See United States Lake Survey Chart No. 7.) Original condition.--The depth at the mouth of Manistique River was 8 feet and no harbor existed. By private enterprise 3,000 linear feet of slab pier had been built and a channel dredged to a depth of 11 feet before any appropriation was made by the Government. Except for rafting and logging, the head of navigation was at a dam 1 mile above the river mouth. Previous p qjeg.-The original and only project was adopted by river and hiarbor act of June 14, 1880. The cost and expenditures prior to commencement of work under the existing project in 1905 were $3,955.05 for new work. For further details of previous proj- ects see page 1933 of Annual Report for 1915. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1435 Existing project.-This provides for two breakwaters extending from the shore on either side of the mouth of the Manistique River, 1,744 feet and 1,480 feet in length for the east and west breakwaters, respectively, and for a channel 18 feet deep; this channel extends from that depth in the lake up the river a distance of 1,650 feet from its mouth, having a total length of 3,200 feet from the outer end in the lake; the channel varies in width from 225 feet to 475 feet, the west side at the river mouth being protected by a revetment 375 feet long. The breakwaters are formed of stone-filled piling and timber cribs, capped with concrete superstructure; the revetment is formed of stone-filled plank cribs. The project depth is referred to low-water datum from Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 16.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 11/2 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1908, was $338,462, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1905, provided for the breakwaters and outer harbor (H. Doc. No. 429, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). The act of March 2, 1907, provided for the present location of the west break- water and the present channel dimensions (approved by the Secre- tary of War April 3, 1908, in an unpublished report of March 13, 1908). (For latest published map see Annual Report for 1908, p. 1942.) Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, provided that before improvement was commenced the title to all lands required and to an old breakwater 423 feet long, owned by the Chicago Lumbering Co., should be transferred to the United States. Title to the old breakwater and to the land at the shore erpdsqof the piers was transferred to the United States and approved by the Department of Justice on May 12, 1908, and May 3, 1911. Terminal facilities.-The following wharves and terminals are not -open to the general public: One car-ferry slip, numerous lumber- yard slips, with about 4 miles frontage; 1 coal wharf, with 350 feet frontage with rail connection; 2 fishing wharves, with 350 feet frontage. One package freight wharf, with 250 feet frontage, is -open to the general public. These facilities are fairly adequate for existing commerce; it is believed that an adequate wharf, with rail connection and under public control, should be provided. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doe. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--The principal effect of the work done under the existing project has been to increase the volume of car- ferry commerce. Car-ferry steamers ply between this port and Frankfort Harbor in the southern peninsula of Michigan throughout 1436 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930' the year. The project has had practically no effect on other water- borne commerce, which is of small tonnage. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of taking soundings by hired labor and use of Government plant at a cost of $676.62, which was the total cost for maintenance. The total net expenditures were $676.62. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1917 at a saving of $31,210 under the estimated cost. The breakwaters inclosing the basin and the dredging of the channel to 18 feet depth below low-water datum over practically all the area below the car-ferry slip were completed in 1915. The channel above the slip was dredged to ledge rock in 1917, thereby completing the project. The plank crib revetment was completed in 1909. The piers and breakwater are generally in good condition. The super- structure of the plank crib revetment is in a very dilapidated con- dition, but immediate repairs thereto are not considered necessary, as it is not essential to the preservation of the harbor. The con- trolling depth at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year was. 18 feet in the entrance channel to the car-ferry slip, except for minor shoals in mid-channel in the outer basin. The channel varies in width from about 275 feet at entrance between breakwaters to 475 feet in the basin, narrowing again to about 225 feet above the car- ferry slip. The total costs of permanent work under the existing projects are $307,252.18 for new work, $55,909.81 for maintenance, a total of $363,161.99. The tbtal net expenditures under the exist- ing project are $363,161.99. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended will be applied to maintenance as follows: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 17 days, at $350, June, 1931------------------ $55950. 00 Engineering and contingencies------------------- --- 466.24 Total for maintenance ----------------------------- 6, 416. 24 Dredging is required for maintenance of project dimensions of channel. The additional sum of $9,000 can, therefore, be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 23 days, at $350_..- $8,050, Engineering and contingencies ------------------------ ----- 950 Total for maintenance------------------------ ---- 9, 000 The average cost of maintenance for the past five years was about $3,300. The excess amount now required for maintenance is due to the necessity of dredging. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was automobiles, coal, lumber, stone, and unclassified commodities. The usual limit of draft for car-ferry traffic, comprising about 95 per cent of the total traffic, was 16.5 feet. For other than car-ferry traffic the limits of draft were as follows: Coal (2 per cent), and stone (2 per cent), 17 feet; that for the remaining miscellaneous traffic (1 per cent), 14 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1437 Comparative statement General vessel traffic Car-ferry traffic Calendar year Passengers Short tons Value Short tons 1 Value 1925.....--------------------------------- 5, 925 $188, 400 301, 852 $28,069,600 634 1926 ----------------------------------- 365 24,600 266,035 21,193, 950 850 1927 --------------------------------- 6,194 210,000 262,754 26,974,900 713 1928 --------------------------------- 11,762 229,900 237,317 30,352,800 887 1929 --------------------------------- 15, 236 225, 600 250,133 30,794,800 926- 1 Exclusive of dead weight of cars. The increase of about 61/2 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to increased traffic via car-ferry steam- ers and to increased receipts of stone via general vessels. The in- crease in valuation was due to increased tonnage. Cost and financial summnary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------$311, 207. 23: Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---- -------------------- 55, 909. 81 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ------------ 367, 117. 04 Net total expenditures------------------------------------ 367, 117. 04- Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-- ------------------------- 6, 416. 24 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 373, 533. 28 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work........................................----- ...... Cost of maintenance _------------------- $1, 012. 42 $5, 691.92 $418. 29 $4, 904. 03 $676.62 Total expended..------------------------ 1, 012. 42 5, 691. 92 1 235. 54 4, 920. 90 676. 62 Allotted.........----------------------------- 7, 500. 00 10, 000. 00 -2, 500. 00 3, 042. 78 .......-----..- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ $9, 592. 86 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment---------------- 2, 500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for-------------------------7, 092. 86. Gross amount expended ---- --------------------------------- 676. 62 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------- 6,416. 24 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June --- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - -- - -- - 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 9, 000. 00 2. MENOMINEE HARBOR AND RIVER, MICH. AND WIS. Location and description.--This harbor is on the west shore of Green Bay, distant about 49 miles northeasterly from Green Bay Harbor, and about 155 miles from Milwaukee via Sturgeon Bay Canal. The harbor is at the mouth of the Menominee River and consists of a dredged channel extending upstream for 2 miles, the portion in SExclusive of available funds. 1438 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Green Bay being protected by parallel piers. (See U. S. Lake Sur- vey Chart No. 7.) Origina2 condition.-The depth at the mouth of the river was 5 feet. All commerce was transacted over " bridge piers " extending from the shore into Green Bay. The river was navigable for small boats for about 2 miles above the mouth; above this point it was available for rafting and logging for about 100 miles. Previous projects.-Priorto river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, the harbor and river constituted two works. By this act they were consolidated. Harbor: River and harbor atts of March 3, 1871, September 19, 1890; March 3, 1899; the amount expended was $200,471.67 for new work, $33,811.10 for maintenance, a total of $234,282.77. River: River and harbor acts of September 19, 1890, July 13, 1892, June 3, 1896; the amount expended was $111,951.63 for new work, $2,382.49 for maintenance, a total of $114,334.12. The cost and expenditures on harbor and river prior to commence- ment of work under existing project in 1902 were $312,423.30 for new work, $36,193.59 for maintenance, a total of $348,616.89. For further details of previous projects see page 1933 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for protecting the mouth of the river by parallel piers 400 feet apart about 1,870 feet and 2,681 feet in length for the north and south piers, respectively, and for a channel 20 feet deep from that depth in the bay to the upper end of the Marinette municipal wharf, about 4,700 feet above the Ogden Street Bridge, and 8,700 feet from the outer end in the bay where the width is 600 feet, reducing to 300 feet between the piers and up to Ogden Street Bridge, thence 200 feet in the river to the upper end of the channel, with a turning basin 18 feet deep for 600-foot vessels on south side of the channel just below the municipal wharf. Except for 168 feet of concrete caissons at outer end of south pier, the piers are formed of stone-filled piling and timber cribs, the entire north pier and 1,276 feet of the south pier having been repaired with concrete superstructure and 801 feet of the south pier repaired with rubble superstructure. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6'feet above mean tide level at New York. These depths correspond to depths of 18.9 and 16.9 feet on the lake survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressures, of about 1 /2 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, was $106,800, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate: for annual) cost of maintenance is $7,500. 'lhe :exiistin projectwaa arithorized by the' following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1871, provided for the entrance piers (Annual Report for 1867, p. 132); the act of June 13, 1902, consoli~bted the project for the harbor and river and, authorized a channel 18 feet deep (H. Doc. No. 419, 56th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 4,.1913, partially restored the work above the bridge which RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, 'WIS., DISTRICT 1439 had been eliminated by the act of March 3, 1905, and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the present dimensions of the channel and for the turning basin (H. Doc. No. 171, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The following wharves and terminals are not open to the general public: 1 car-ferry slip, 8 lumber wharves with 41/2 miles frontage, 3 coal wharves with 3,260 feet frontage, 3 fishing wharves with 400 feet frontage. The following are open to general public use: 2 package-freight wharves with 920 feet front- age, 1 wharf for miscellaneous freight with 500 feet frontage, owned by the city of Marinette. The wharf owned by the city of Marinette should be provided with a warehouse and rail connections. A suit- able public wharf, with warehouse and rail connections, should be provided by the city of Menominee. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal .effect has been to permit car-ferry steamers and deep-draft vessels carrying coal to enter the harbor. Coal receipts have thereby been materially increased and the water rates lowered. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging 39,000 cubic yards for restoration of project depth at a cost of $6,383.47. The placing of 4,914.5 tons of stone for riprap along the piers cost $10,679.47. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total cost was $17,062.94, for maintenance. The total net expenditures were $13,792.58. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project in effect prior to the modification of July 3, 1930, was completed in 1904. The entrance piers were completed in 1884 and the dredging in 1904. Dredging to restore project depth above Ogden Street Bridge to the municipal wharf was completed in 1914. No work has been done on the last modification of the project. The inner 654 feet of the north pier and 604 feet of the south pier are no longer essential for the preserva- tion of the channel, and these piers are therefore maintained only for lengths of about 1,216 and 2,077 feet, respectively. The controlling depths at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year were 18 feet to the wharf of the Central West Coal Co., thence 17 feet to the Marinette municipal wharf. The river is avail- able for rafting and logging for about 102 miles above its mouth. The total costs of permanent work under the existing project are $44,832.30 for new work and $224,728.99 for maintenance2 a total of $269,561.29. The total net expenditures under the existing project are $266,290.93. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 27 days, at $350, about July, 1930, and June, 1931___------------------------ $9,450.00 Riprap and refill piers, 3,000 tons of stone at $3, during the fiscal year -------------------------------------- 9, 000. 00 Minor repairs to piers during the fiscal year__ .5, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies--- 2, 118. 25 Total for maintenance---_--------___ 25, 568. 25 11714 -ENG 1930---91 1440 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. Dredging under the modified project is urgently needed to provide the turning basin near the upper end of the channel. Dredging is required also for maintenance of old project dimensions of channel. The additional sum of $30,000 can, therefore, be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: New work: Dredging turning basin, 40,000 cubic yards, at 50 cents---------$20, 000 Engineering and contingencies------------------------------- 1,000 Total for new work ---------------------------------- 21, 000 Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 20 days, at $350 -- 7, 000 Minor repairs to piers and revetments------------------------- 1, 000 Engineering and contingencies ------------------------------- 1, 000 Total for maintenance ----------------------------------- 9, 000 Grand total---_ --------------------------------------- 30, 000 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was automobiles, coal, lumber and forest products, flour and feed, stone. and unclassified commodities. The usual limit of draft for car-ferry traffic, comprising about 54 per cent of the total tonnage, was 16.5 feet. For other than car-ferry traffic the limits of draft were as follows: Coal (30 per cent) and stone (13 per cent), 18 feet; that for the remaining miscellaneous traffic (3 per cent), 7 to 10 feet. The Goodrich Transit Co. resumed operations to this harbor. Comparative statement General vessel traffic Car-ferry traffic Calendar year - Passengers Short tons Value Short tons 1 Value 1925.....------------------------------- 247, 872 $1, 146, 800 500, 583 $99,653, 600 2,248 1926. ------------------------------- 340, 557 1, 807, 200 481, 911 60, 323, 450 3,532 1927-------------------------------- 336, 838 2,208, 200 419, 523 45, 293, 100 4, 134 1928----------------- -------------- 369, 007 2,028,400 420, 712 51, 720, 000 5, 715 1929_----------------- ---------------- 374, 006 2,375, 500 448, 687 56, 364, 600 9, 433 1 Exclusive of dead weight of cars. The increase of about 4 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to increased traffic via car ferry and to increased receipts of stone via general vessel. The increase in valu- ation was due to increased tonnage. Cost and fin.ancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------$357, 255. 60 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------- -- 260, 922. 58 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-----------618, 178. 18 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ------ 3, 270. 36 Net total expenditures__ ------------- 614, 907. 82 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-- .....- ------ 25, 568. 25 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--__ ---- 640, 476. 07 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1441 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work- - -- Cost of maintenance ------------------ $3, 513. 09 $35, 520. 35 $10, 700. 68 $6, 245. 10 $17, 062 94 Total expended ._---------.. .... ----.... 3, 513. 09 35, 520. 35 79. 61 6, 245. -10 13, 792. 68 Allotted------------------------------7,20000 68, 000. 00 1-14, 543. 93 -11, 000.00 20,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $19, 360. 83 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930_-------------------------------------- 20, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-------------------------------39, 360. 83 Gross amount expended_----------------------------- 13, 792. 58 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------- 25, 568.25 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-----------------------------3, 270. 36 Balance available June 30, 1930--------------------------- 22, 297. 89 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1------------------------------------------- 62, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work 1------------------ ----- -- 21,000.00 For maintenance 1------------------------_ ------------- 9, 000. 00 - -- --- --- ---- -- --- --- --- ---- ---- - --- -- --- --- -- --- Total 30, 000. 00 3. GREEN BAY HARBOR, WIS. Location and description.-This harbor is located at the mouth of the Fox River, at the head of Green Bay, distant about 180 miles from Milwaukee, Wis., via Sturgeon Bay Canal, and about 49 miles southwesterly from Menominee Harbor, Mich. and Wis. It com- prises a dredged channel extending from deep water in Green Bay to the mouth of the river, the lower 7 miles of the Fox River, be- tween its mouth and the city of De Pere, and a dredged basin having an area of about 16 acres at De Pere. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 7.) Original condition.-The outer channel in Green Bay was cir- cuitous and narrow, with a navigable depth of about 11 feet. The head of deep-water navigation was at De Pere, about 7 miles above the mouth of the Fox River. It was impossible to turn vessels over 250 feet in length at the head of the inner channel at De Pere. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by river and harbor act of June 23, 1866. This project was modified by subse- quent river and harbor acts as follows: June 23, 1874; July 13, 1892; June 3, 1896. The cost and expenditures thereunder prior to com- mencement of work under th&'existing project in 1897 were $396,- 974.49 for new work, $8,918.19 for maintenance, a total of $405,892.68. For further details of previous projects, see page 1934 of Annual Report of 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an outer channel in Green Bay about 71/2 miles long and 21 feet deep, from that depth in the bay to the mouth of the river, varying in width from 500 feet at 1Exclusive of available funds. 1442 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 the outer end to 200 feet at the river mouth, the portion through Grassy Island, about 700 feet long, being protected by parallel tim- ber revetments 220 feet apart, the east one having concrete super- structure; for an inner channel in the river about 31/ miles long and 18 feet deep, from that depth in the river at the southerly limits of the city of Green Bay to De Pere, having a width of 150 feet; and for a turning basin 18 feet deep at the upper end of the inner channel for turning 500-foot vessels. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. These depths correspond to depths of 19.9 and 16.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 21/2 feet above or below the mean level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work on the outer channel, revised in 1927, was $625,600, and that for the inner channel and basin, re- vised in 1925, was $121,500 (of which $50,000 was contributed by local interests), both estimates being exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest approved estimates for annual cost of maintenance are, for inner channel and turning basin (1925) $5,000, and for outer channel and revetments at Grassy Island (1927) $18,000, a total of $23,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 23, 1866, provided for the revetments at Grassy Island (Annual Report for 1867, p. 70) ; the act of June 3, 1896, provided for a depth of 15 feet in the inner channel (unpub- lished report approved July 11, 1896); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for a depth of 18 feet in the outer channel (H. Doc. No. 232, 56th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the turning basin 15 feet deep (H. Doc. No. 522, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of August 8, 1917, provided that the improvement of Green Bay Harbor should include the maintenance of the turning basin at De Pere (H. Doc. No. 1017, 64th'Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of September 22, 1922, provided for increasing depth of outer channel to 20 feet (H. Doc. No. 626, 64th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 3, 1925, provided for increasing depth of inner channel and turning basin to 18 feet (H. Doc. No. 294, 68th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of January 21, 1927, provided for increasing depth of outer channel to 21 feet (H. Doc. No. 585, 69th Cong., 2d sess.). For latest pub- lished maps, see House Document No. 585, Sixty-ninth Congress, second session, and House Document No. 294, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, provided that the city of De Pere shall pay for all improvement dredging within the city limits in accordance with House Document No. 294, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session, and estimated to cost $50,000, and provided further that local interests shall provide suit- able places for the deposit of material excavated from the inner channel on the shores of Green Bay Harbor. The funds were con- tributed in 1926 and all other conditions were fulfilled. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1443 Terminal facilities.-The following wharves at Green Bay are not open to the general public: Seven coal wharves with 6,405 feet front- age; 2 lumber and log wharves and slips with 5,600 feet frontage; 1 grain wharf with 690 feet frontage; 2 pulpwood wharves with 1,900 feet frontage; 2 wood-pulp wharves with 520 feet frontage; 5 package-freight wharves with 970 feet frontage; 5 fishing wharves with 505 feet frontage; and 1 wharf with 300 feet frontage, for re- ceipt of tank cargoes of gasoline and kerosene. A small wharf and warehouse with 120 feet frontage is open to general public use. At De Pere 3 coal wharves with 975 feet frontage are not open to the general public. A package-freight wharf with 140 feet frontage is open to general public use. These facilities are fairly adequate for existing commerce. The city of Green Bay has constructed a municl- pal wharf having a frontage of about 475 feet. The wharf is pro- vided with a brick warehouse about 80 by 110 feet, and has railway and highway connection. It is open to the general public on like terms for like service. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal effect of the improvement of the outer channel has been to permit deep-draft vessels carrying coal to enter the harbor. Coal receipts have been greatly increased since completion of outer channel. The increased depth in inner channel has increased traffic and has reduced lake freight rates to De Pere. Operations and results dwring fiscal year.-Operations consisted of continuing, by contract, the deepening of outer channel from 20 to 21 feet; 13,333 linear feet of channel was completed during the fiscal year at a cost of $81,936.89. Dredging, by Government plant, to obtain a depth of 21 feet over a short section of the outer channel at the river mouth, which was in progress at the close of the previous fiscal year, was continued; 76,850 cubic yards were removed at a cost of $24,058.95. The dredging of 67,000 cubic yards for restoration of project depth of the inner channel was done by Government plant at a cost of $8,837 18. The total costs were $105,995.84 for new work and $8,837.18 for maintenance, a total of $114,833.02. The total net expenditures were $100,349.82. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Dredgingoperations to increase the depth of outer channel to 21 feet, previously improved to 20 feet, were commenced on October 1, 1928, and are still in progress. The project for 18 feet depth in inner channel and turning basin was completed in October, 1926. The west revetment at Grassy Island, built in 1870, is in fair condition. The east revetment, built in 1869, has been provided with concrete capping above the water surface and is in good condition. The entire project is about 75 per cent com- pleted. The controlling depth at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year was about 20 feet over the undredged section and over minor scattering shoals in the outer channel and 18 feet throughout the inner channel, including the turning basin at De Pere. The head of deep-water navigation is at De Pere. The total costs of perma- nent work under the existing project are $435,327.29 for new work, $279,999.06 for maintenance, a total of $715,326.35. The total net expenditures under the existing project are $698,961.24. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year will be applied to new work and maintenance as follows: 1444 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 New work: Complete continuing contract for deepening outer channel to project depth about October, 1930__----------------------- $164, 500. 00 Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Depere on deepening outer channel in 1930 and 1931, 140 days, at $150____________ ____ 21, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies.------------------------- 7,000. 00 Total for new work--------------------------------------- 192,500A0 Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 30 days, at $350, about May, 1931- ----------------------------------------- 10 500. 00 Engineering and contingencies_ 99. 39 6------------ Total for maintenance_- -- ____-__-__-__ __11, 199. 39 Grand total ---------------- _____ - 203, 699. 39 The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. Dredging is required annually for maintenance of project dimen- sions of channel. Widening and deepening the outer channel at the bend and mouth of Fox River to project dimensions should be com- pleted as soon as funds are available. The additional amount of $29,000 can therefore be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: New work : Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Depere to complete widening and deepening outer channel, 90 days, at $150_______________________ $13, 500 Engineering and contingencies-----__-__--------------- 1, 500 Total for new work------------------------------------------ 15, 000 Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 36 days, at $350 --... 12, 600 Engineering and contingencies_______________________ 1, 400 Total for maintenance_ -- 14, 000 Grand total __________________------------- 29, 000 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was automobiles, coal, grain, gasoline, kerosene, forest products, and building materials. The usual limit of draft for coal consigned to Green Bay, comprising about 68 per cent of the total tonnage, was 19 feet; for coal consigned to De Pere, 1 per cent, 16 feet; for coal shipments up Fox River, 15 per cent, 5.8 feet; for gasoline and kerosene, 4 per cent, 19 feet; for forest prod- ucts, 2 per cent, 14 feet; for grain and building materials, 7 per cent, 18 feet; that for the remaining miscellaneous traffic 3 per cent, 8 to 12 feet. Comparative statement City of Green Bay City of De Pere Total for harbor City of Green Calendar year I Bay, Short tons Value Short Value Short tons Value pas- tons sengers 1~___, 414, 634 $9, 638, 800 9, 337 $50, 250 1, 423, 971 $9, 689, 050 1926___, _ _____ 1, 537, 215 10, 067, 900 19, 519 87, 850 1, 556, 734 10, 155, 70 - -- 1927-.... 1, 703, 974 24, 751, 000 64, 680 297, 100 1,768, 654 25, 048, 100 110 1928 ------------.. 1, 603, 297 28, 373, 900 23, 166 87, 450 1, 626, 463 28, 461, 350 120 1929--. ----- - -1, 769, 126 38, 314, 700 17, 320 76, 200 1,786, 446 38, 390, 900 100 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1445 The increase of about 10 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to increased receipts of coal, auto- mobiles, and building materials and to shipments of grain. The increase in valuation was due to increased tonnage. Cost and finanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------------------------- $832, 301. 78 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------288, 917. 25 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 1,121, 219. 03 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_ __------------------- 16, 365. 11 Net total expenditures-------------------------------- 1, 104, 853. 92 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------------ 203, 699. 39 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---- 1,308, 553. 31 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--.----- ----------- $65. 57 $55, 227. 67 $670. 99 $35, 217. 01 $105, 995. 84 Cost of maintenance _ _ 17, 134. 78 28, 758. 81 32, 905. 90 1, 574. 35 8,837. 18 Total cost _________________- 17, 200. 35 986. 48 83, 33, 576. 89 36, 791. 36 114, 833. 02 . Total expended _________________________ 17, 200. 35 83, 986. 48 -59, 448. 19 34, 909. 45 100, 349. 82 Allotted __________________________ ___ 103, 500. 00 22, 000. 00 111, 974. 92 80,000.00 40, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------ $264,049.21 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ------------------------------------------------ 40, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for-------------__ 304, 049. 21 Gross amount expended 100, 349. 82 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-----------------------203, 699.39 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_ $5, 128. 70 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts 566. 56 1------------63, 168, 695. 26 Balance available June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 35, 004. 13 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ' ___----- _ -- ---- 69,300.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15, 000. 00 For maintenance 1-------------------------------------------- 14, 000. 00 Total -------------------------------------------------- 29, 000. 00 4. FOX RIVER, WIS. Location and description.-The Fox River rises in Columbia County, Wis., and flows in a northerly direction into Green Bay. Its length is about 176 miles. The Wolf River, physically the main river but by designation a tributary of the Fox, rises in the central part of Forest County, Wis., and flows in a southerly direction about 220 miles into the Fox River 10 miles above Oshkosh. Lake Winne- 1Exclusive of available funds. 1446 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 bago divides the Fox River into two sections, known as upper Fox and lower Fox. The Fox River system has a drainage area of about 6,430 square miles, a maximum discharge for a period of 10 days of 15,000 second-feet, a minimum discharge for a period of 10 days of about 800 second-feet, and a mean discharge of 4,265 second-feet. The upper Fox is from 70 to 300 feet wide and has a fall at mean stage from Portage, Wis., to Lake Winnebago of 39.3 feet. The lower Fox is from 300 to 3,000 feet wide and about 39 miles long. It has a fall of about 166 feet between Lake Winnebago and De Pere and is divided into a series of eight rapids. The Wolf River is from 75 to 1,000 feet wide and flows between low banks with a gentle slope. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 73.) Original condition.-Prior to beginning. improvement by the United States the State of Wisconsin and its agents had partly canalized the Fox River and had built 22 locks and 11 dams under a project to obtain a depth of 4 feet between De Pere and Portage, the bottom width of canals to be 40 feet, locks 125 feet long and 30 feet wide. The head of navigation was at Portage, Wis. The original depth of the Wolf River from Shawano to its mouth varied from 2 feet to 25 feet. The head of navigation was nominally at Shawano, about 110 miles above its mouth. It was used for logging purposes for 100 miles above Shawano. Previous projects.-In 1872 the United States assumed control of the improvement of the waterway between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River by way of the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers, as pro- vided by special act of July 7, 1870, and river and harbor act of June 10, 1872. The original project was modified by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1873. The cost and expenditures thereunder prior to commencement of the existing project in 1886 were $3,239,- 909.63 for new work, of which $591,161.39 was spent solely upon the Wisconsin River. The improvement of the Wisconsin River was abandoned in 1887. (Annual Report for 1887, p. 2096.) For fur- ther details of previous projects, see page 1940 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project. This provides for deepening and widening the channel of Fox River from De Pere, 7 miles above the mouth, to Portage, Wis., a total length of 156 miles, the depth between De Pere and Montello, 125 miles, to be 6 feet, with 9.6 feet in rock cut below De Pere lock and 7 feet in other rock cuts on the lower river below Menasha lock; and from Montello to Portage, 31 miles, the depthl to be 4 feet; the width of channel from Lake Winnebago to Montello to be 100 feet, with necessary widening at bends; for the construc- tion and reconstruction of 27 locks and 16 dams; for a concrete re- taining wall at Kaukauna; for construction and maintenance of har- bors having depths of 6 feet on Lake Winnebago; for widening Neenah Channel to 100 feet, with a 6-foot depth for a length of about 1 mile; and for dredging, snagging, and otherwise improving Wolf River from its mouth to New London, a distance of 47 miles, the depth to be 4 feet. All depths are referred to standard low water. Ordinary and extreme fluctuations of water level above and below mean stages on various parts of the improvement, due to floods and other causes, are about as follows: RIVERS AND HIARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1447 Ordinary fluctuations Extreme fluctuations Place Above Below Above Below mean stage mean stage mean stage mean stage Feet Feet Feet Feet Lower Fox River at De Pere Dam---___1_________ 1. 0 1. 4 2. 5 4.0 Lake Winnebago ------------------------------------ . 1.2 1.3 2. 2 3.7 Upper Fox River at Berlin Dam_______________- -_ -2. 7 1. 4 5. 7 2. 0 Wolf River at New London---... ....------------------------- 5.0 2. 6 8.8 3. 0 The estimated cost of new work, revised in 1928, was $1,398,000 for the upper river and $635,000 for the lower river; total, $2,033,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000 for the upper river if project dimensions are once fully obtained, and $110,000 for the lower river; total, $130,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 5, 1886, provided for improvement of the Fox River (plan of a board approved December 10, 1884, as modified by the Chief of Engineers May 14, 1886, Annual Report for 1885, pp. 2041-2045) ; the act of September 19, 1890, provided for dredging Fond du Lac Harbor on Lake Winnebago (Annual Re- port for 1890, pp. 2389-2394) ; the act of June 3, 1896, provided for improvement of the Wolf River (without prior survey or estimate); the acts of June 3, 1896, June 13, 1902, and March 2,1907, provided for improvement of Stockbridge, of Calumet and Miller Bay, and of Brothertown Harbors, on Lake Winnebago (without prior surveys or estimates) ; the act of March 3, 1925, provided for increasing the depths in rock cuts on the lower river, for widening Neenah Channel, and for concrete retaining wall at Kaukauna (H. Doc. No. 294, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published maps see House Document No. 1.46, Sixty-seventh Congress, second session, and House Document No. 294, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session. Locks and dams, Fox River, Wis. I l, r Depth at Dis- normal pool Charac- tance Dis- Clear Avail- ter of Date of Kind Actual Name of lock or dam from Nearest town tance width able length Lift founda- damof Type of construction comple- cost Green length Breast Lower tion tion 0 Bay wall 1 miter sill 0 Miles Miles Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet De Pere Lock 2.._______________ 7. 1 De Pere_ -_ 35. 8 144. 0 8. 9 8.1 9.7 Rock..... Composite__-_,.... 1897 $14, 159. 39 De Pere Dam 2 7. 2 _ _ do -------- ------------ . _ do_,__ Fixed 34_ Concrete ..--------- 1929 209, 536.08 66 0 -------- ------- Little Kaukauna Lock 2_______________ 13. 0 -- _do.-------- -- 36. 6 137. 6 7.2 8.0 7.4 Clay..... Composite_ ...-- - 1896 8, 986. 52 Little Kaukauna Dam 2____________ 13. 1 __,__do .___... 6 - --- ------ - Clay and Fixed ......... 3 Piles and concrete_ - 1926 179, 397. 62 gravel. Rapide Croche Lock 2 - 18. 9 Wrightstown.. 36. 6 136. 4 8.0 8.9 7.8 Clay-..... Stone masonry --- 1859 z0 2 (6) Rapide Croche Dam 2-................ 19. 2 -.. do- .._____ 2_-- ---- -- ------ ........... Rock _-_ Fixed 3 Timber cribs 5 - -.-- 1878 18, 912. 91 Kaukauna Fifth Lock 2__ 22. 8 Kaukauna __ 35. 6 144. 0 9. 1 6.7 8.8 - do ---- Composite ___--- 1898 13, 309. 90 Kaukauna Fourth Lock 2 23. 1 do ________ 36. 6 144.1 10. 2 6.9 6.0 .__do ..- Stone masonry -. - 1879 37, 536. 37 Kaukauna Third Lock 2_ 23. 2 -. do .... . 36. 6 144. 0 10. 2 6.9 6.3 ---do---- do - ----- - 1879 39, 948. 41 td Kaukauna Second Lock 2 9.6 Kaukauna First Lock 2__ Kaukauna Dam 2.._______ 23. 4 ..... do___ __- 23.6 ....- do ____ 24. 0 -----do-........ 35. 0 35. 1 -- - 144. 0 144. 4 11. 0 6.0 6. 9 6. 0 6. 0 --do ---- -do ---- do ..---- Fixed -_ d .... _do _-_ do_ _ 1903 1883 24, 312. 77 38, 703. 52 zY 3 4. Timber cribs_ ---- 1878 32, 109. 39 00 Kaukauna Guard Lock___ 24. 0 do ..... 40.0 - 9.4 -- -- .. do..... Stone masonry - 1891 12, 630. 30 Little Chute Combined Lock, Lower 22_ 25. 4 Little Chute__ 35. 4 146. 5 10. 9 6. 0 8. 6 ---- do-- -- ----- do .----------1879 {102, 303. 82 Little Chute Combined Lock, Upper _ 25. 4 --- do ------- 36. 3 144. 1 10. 6 7. 6 6.0 Hardpan_ ..... . ._...... do - 1879 Little Chute Second Lock 2 - 26. 4 .. do . ... 35. 0 144. 2 13. 8 8.0 6. 2 Rock .-- ---. do .. . . . - .- 1881 48, 555. 36 Little Chute First2 (guard) Lock 2-_ 26. 6 .__ do_ 35. 4 6.6 - . d o -- -_ _ _ o -d --- -------- 1904 7, 816. 56 Little Chute Dam _________ 26. 6 ....- do-....... .. .do ...-- Timber cribs - ...... 1878 16, 963. 27 Cedars Lock 2_ 27.3 i .... do _ 35. 0-- 144. 09.8 6.8 7. 3 --- do---- Stone masonry .--- 1888 34, 972.19 0 Cedars Dam 2_______ 27. 4 - .do._ - --. do__._ Timber cribs . --- 1878 18, 348. 06 Appleton Fourth Lock 2_ 30. 7 Appleton- 35. 0 -------- -------- 144. 0 7.6 8. 1 7 9. .... do ... Fixed 34 Stone masonry --... 1907 40, 892. 55 00 Appleton Lower Dam 2________________ 30.9 ---- do -... ----- - --- ...do -__ Timber cribs - - _ 1889 23, 456. 98 Appleton Third Lock 2_ 31.3 do .. 35.0 144.0 8. 7 6.0 8. 6 _,-do .. Stone masonry .-... 1900 32, 238. 39 Appleton Second Lock 2_ 31. 6 ..... do .... 35. 1 144. 6 9.6 6.9 6. 0 Clay -.. Fixed 34 ----- do--------------- 1901 722, 939. 54 Appleton First Lock 2_________________ 31.9 ____ do ... 35.0 144. 7 10. 0 6. 6 6. 0 Rock__ __ ----. do 1884 36. 004. 48 Appleton Upper Dam_ 32. 2 .__-_do -... --------------- .do___, -- - 1874 60, 480. 69 Menasha Lock a___________________ 37. 0 Menasha_____ 35. 4 144. 0 8. 5 7.2 8. 0 Clay .-. Composite -....--- 1899 719, 326. 46 Menasha Dam 2_______________________ 37. 8 -. do - --- -------i---Rock __.. Fixed 3__Timber cribs .- -- 1887 23, 553. 84 Eureka Lock__________________________ 80. 9 Eureka-- 35. 7 148. 6 2. 0 7.9 10 1 Sand -___ Stone masonry-..--- 1876 51,127. 51 Eureka Dam_---- 80. 9 --.- do -------- -------- -------- Earth -- Fixed 2 Timber and plank -_ 1879 10, 276. 15 Berlin Lock_- - - - 89. 2 Berlin ___-___ 34. 8 148. 6 1.3 7.4 9.2 Clay .-. Stone masonry-..... 1878 44, 370. 98 Berlin Dam_________________________ 89. 2 - -do -- - ------ ------- Earth .__ Fixed ~.. Timber cribs-...... 1894 14, 747. 14 White River Lock_ 99. 2 Princeton- . 34. 5 148. 5 1.9 7. 2 10. 7 Clay .-. Stone masonry-..... 1878 58, 709. 94 White River Dam___ 99. 2 __do . 5-148-5- Earth _.- Fixed 4 Timber cribs-......_ 1895 17, 285, 64 Princeton Lock___ 108. 6 -__do .-...-- 34--- 34. 9 148. 4 1.5 7.3 9.5 Sand-.__ Stone masonry-.. - 1878 51, 577. 84 Princeton Dam.. - ..... - 108.6 --...do...... do..... Fixed ...--- .4 Timber cribs-...... 1898 11, 265. 69 Grand River Lock_. _---- ----- -- 129. 33 Montello...... 3 ( 34. 7 148. 3 1.4 6.4 9.8 Clay--- -------- Stone masonry , 1878 56,989.43 Grand River Dam-.................... 129. . do......:- 3- .....-..... ...... Clay and Fixed 34. Timber cribs- .... 1891 8,446.86 sand. Montello Lock_______________________ 132.6 do--------------- 5. 3 137.0 3.8 4.8 5.7 -_.. Sand..._.. _... Composite ._____ 190 7 4, 889. 83 Montello Dam 2 _________________d 132.6 -____do--------- _ .. _ do-.... Fixed_._ Timber cribs- ... 1 (6) Governor Bend Lock 2_____________ 156.7 Portage_____ 6 35. 137.0 3.8 87.0 5. 2 _do- ______-_____do -_______- - : 18 8,892.00 Governor Bend Dam 2 --- - 156.7 -----do---------_ do Fixed-..do------------- 1865 (s) Fort Winnebago Lock 2-- 160.9 ___do___ 2 34.3 137.0 6. 4 5.8 5.6 Clay __------------ Composite__--------- 189 12,088.45 Portage Lock 2 _ ____________ 163.1 I dodo 35. 2 146. 0 2. 3 10. 5 8.2 Sand __-------- -- Concrete---.__ _. 1928 179, 604. 83 1 Depth shown is on breast wall which is controlling depth for upper pool. rn 2Original structure bailt prior to assumption of control by the United States on Sept. 18, 1872. 3 Provided with sluices. ! Flush boards used. ~z 5 Being rebuilt in concrete. 6 Unknown. Md 7 Partially rebuilt. W s Depth shown is on upper miter sill, which is controlling depth. H H H 1450 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of December 31, 1921, the Chief of Engineers recommended to Congress (see H. Doc. No. 146, 67th Cong., 2d sess.)- (a) The complete abandonment of the improvement of the Wolf River above Fremont and of the upper Fox River from the mouth of the Wolf River to the Wisconsin River; the removal .of the dams and lock gates on the upper Fox and the construction of a levee across the Portage Canal at an estimated cost of $25,000. (b) The lowering of the present reference plane to 2 feet below the crest of Menasha Dam and the deepening of all channels correspondingly at an esti- mated cost of $485,000, assuming that the upper rivers will be abandoned as recommended, no appropriation to be made until the power interests have fur- nished a bond as guaranty that upon completion of the work in the Winnebago Pool they will enter into a properly secured lease for the power created by the improvement. (c) Cooperation by the United States in connection with the proposed plails for land reclamation along the upper Fox and Wolf Rivers to the extent of .providing the necessary changes in the Government dams on the lower Fox, at an estimated cost of $180,000, provided that no work be done by the United States until the reclamation project has advanced sufficiently to make the altera- tion of locks and dams necessary. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-On the lower Fox River, between De Pere and Neenah-Menasha, there are 4 freight and passenger wharves, having a combined frontage of 1,150 feet, which are publicly owned and are open to general public use; also 8 coal wharves with a com- bined frontage of 2,977 feet, not open to general public use. At harbors on Lake Winnebago, other than Oshkosh, there are 5 wharves or landings for miscellaneous freight and passengers, with a combined frontage of 715 feet, which are publicly owned and are open to general public use; also 4 wharves for miscellaneous freight, with a total frontage of 2,030 feet, not open to general public use. At Oshkosh there is a freight and passenger wharf, with 125 feet frontage, owned by the municipality and open to general public use. The following wharves are not open to general public use: 4 lum- ber wharves, 920 feet frontage; 1 coal and building-material wharf, 1,975 feet frontage; 1 wire-grass wharf, 650 feet frontage; 4 freight and passenger wharves, 1,355 feet frontage; 1 shipyard, 200 feet frontage; and 1 gasoline-engine installation yard, with 150 feet frontage. On the upper Fox River, above Oshkosh, there are 6 freight and passenger wharves, with a total frontage of 820 feet, which are pub- licly owned and are open to general public use. The following wharves are not open to general public use: 3 building-material wharves, 645 feet frontage; 4 lumber wharves, 510 feet frontage; 1 freight and passenger wharf, 33 feet frontage. On the Wolf River, between its mouth and New London, there are 3 freight and passenger wharves with a total of 450 feet, 1 wire-grass wharf with 160 feet frontage, and 1 clamshell wharf with 100 feet frontage. None of these wharves is open to general public use. There are 3 publicly owned passenger and package-freight wharves, with a total frontage of 320 feet, which are open to general public use. The foregoing facilities are considered adequate for existing com- merce; extensive frontage is available for development of water terminals when needed. More use of existing facilities, especially on RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1451 the upper river, should be made. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to stimulate traffic in low-grade bulk commodities on lower Fox River, Lake Winnebago, and upper Fox River, to mouth of Wolf River. The improvement of upper Fox River above the' mouth of the Wolf River has been of practically no benefit to general com- merce, the use of this portion of the improvement being almost en- tirely confined to pleasure boats. The improvement of the Wolf River has afforded water-transpor- tation to communities located thereon and removed from railroads. An average of more than 35,000 horsepower (24 hours) is developed annually on the lower Fox River, at least two-thirds of which is de- veloped at dams maintained by the United States. The dredging done by the United States in deepening the channel and for mainte- nance of the upper Fox River has lowered and prolonged the low- water stages materially and has thereby greatly improved the drain- age and increased the value of vast amounts of marsh and bordering lowlands. Levels of Lake Winnebago: There are two outlets to Lake Win- nebago, known as the Neenah and the Menasha Channels. There is a dam at the head of each channel, the Neenah Dam, claimed to be owned by the Neenah & Menasha Water Power Co., and the Me- nasha Dam, owned by the United States. These dams impound water in the Winnebago Pool, which con- sists of Lakes Winnebago, Butte des Morts, Winneconne, and Poy- gan. Under a special act of March 3, 1875, the United States ac- quired the right to overflow riparian lands around this pool, paying therefor the sum of $592,375.09, and by the various court decrees awarding the damages acquired the right to forever maintain the Menasha Dam at its present height. No definite height of overflow for these riparian rights was stated. At the time of the earliest decree there were no sluices in either the Menasha or Neenah Dams; since then the Menasha Dam has been lengthened, and at the present time there are 4 sluices in this dam and 14 sluices in the Neenah Dam. In order to limit the extent of overflowage of riparian lands, sluic- ing is begun whenever necessary to prevent as far as practicable the level of Lake Winnebago from rising more than 21 inches above the crest of Menasha Dam, this height of 21 inches being mean high water for the years 1859-1886. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of completing the rebuilding of spillway section of De Pere Dam, which was in progress at the close of the previous fiscal year, at a cost of $100,484.29. The rebuilding of sluiceway and spillway sec- tions of Rapide Croche Dam, in progress at the close of the fiscal year, cost $40,856.33. Excavation work to provide a depth of 7 feet through rock cut at Drunkards Point, above Cedars Lock, was com- pleted; 5,845 cubic yards, place measure, of bowlders and blasted rock were removed, at a cost of $24,160.13. Dredging for restora- tion of project depth cost $1,835.98. Charges for plant pertaining to this improvement amounted to $902.53. All work was done b3E hired labor and use of Government plant. The total costs were 1452 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 $24,160.13 for new work and $144,079.13 for maintenance, a total of $168,239.26. The total net expenditures were $122,989.46. Condition cat end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 44 per cent completed (upper river, 25 per cent; lower, 83 per cent). Twenty-two original locks and nine original dams have been rebuilt; five additional locks and dams have been built by the United States. (See existing project for year of completion of each.) The struc- tures and the dredging in pools have increased the original depths generally about 2 feet. The controlling depths at mean low water on June 30, 1930, were as follows: Fox River: Feet De Pere to Eureka Lock___------ --------------------- 6.O0 Eureka Lock to 3 miles above Berlin Lock-------------------__ 4. 5 3 miles above Berlin Lock to Montello Lock--------------------.-- 3. 5 Montello Lock to Governor Bend Lock------ ------------------------ 2. 5 Governor Bend Lock to Portage Lock------------------------------- 2.O0 Wolf River: Mouth to 1 mile below Partridge Crop Lake-------------------------4. O0 1 mile below Partridge Crop Lake to New London_,-------__ 2. 5 Harbors on Lake Winnebago------------------------------------------5. 5 The practicable drafts of vessels is about one-half foot less than the controlling depths and prevail throughout the year except when the rivers are frozen, usually from December 1 to April 1. The head of navigation for boat traffic is New London on the Wolf River and Portage on the upper Fox, except that during high water on the Wisconsin River boats can proceed from Portage to the Mississippi River. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is dredging in the upper Fox River and rock removal and deepening Neenah Channel on lower Fox River. Deepening Neenah Channel is no longer desired by navigation interests. The total costs of permanent work under the existing project are as follows: Section New work Maintenance Total Upper river ____ - - - ___-----_--- $358, 295. 80 $218, 885. 61 $577, 181.41 Lower river ..----------------- . . .---------------------------- 513,428.21 340,779.24 854, 207.45 Total____ --------------------------------------- 871, 724.01 559, 664.85 1,431, 388.86 The total net expenditures under the existing project are as fol- lows: Upper river, $577,181.41; lower river, '$1,251,623.40; total, $1,828,804.81. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year will be applied to maintenance as follows: Maintenance: Dredging by United States plant, 60 days, at $150, in 1930 and 1931 _------------------------------------ $9,000. 00 Complete: reconstruction of Rapide Croche Dam, in 1930, 458 linear feet, at $240-------------------------------- 109, 920. 00 Outstanding liabilities (repairs of plant) ------------------- 12, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies---------7---------------- ,972. 80 Total for maintenance .....---------------------------- 138;,82.80 The~ii~iable funds will be practically exhausted or obligate~jr June 80, 1931. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1453 The timber crib dam at Kaukauna is badly decayed and is also of inadequate discharge capacity for maximum flood. The dam should be rebuilt in concrete as soon as funds are available to avoid expensive temporary repairs with timber. Dredging is required an- nually for maintenance. The additional sum of $155,000 can, there- fore, be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Maintenance: Dredging by United States plant___________------------------- $10, 000 Reconstruction of Kaukauna Dam, 602 linear feet, at $230 ____-- 138, 460 Engineering and contingencies ------------------------------ ___ 6, 540 Total for maintenance--------------------------------- 155,000 The average cost of maintenance for the past five years was about $138,400. The excess amount now required for maintenance is due to the necessity of rebuilding Kaukauna Dam. No additional funds are requested for new work as it is not neces- sary to prosecute the remainder of the project actively to completion at this time. Navigation interests are well served with present depths in the remainder of the rock cuts, which are to be widened later as traffic increases. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was coal, 84 per cent; sand, gravel, clay, and stone, 15 per cent; farm products, forest products, and unclassi- fied, 1 per cent. The usual limit of draft for vessels carrying coal was 5.8 feet; that for the remaining traffic was 3 to 4 feet. The entire commerce was carried on the lower Fox River, Lake Winnebago, and the Wolf River below Winneconne. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925_ ....... 332, 939 $1, 539, 750 2, 405 1928_ ..... _ 310, 765 $1, 382, 500 3, 391 1926--... -.... 325, 829 1, 546, 550 4, 007 1929 .....-_ 325, 734 1,479, 100 3, 998 1927_-_-- . -_ 342,139 1, 449,600 3,286 The increase of about 5 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to increased traffic in coal. The in- crease in valuation was due to increased tonnage. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------ $4, 111, 633. 64 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 559, 664. 85 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ---------- 4, 671, 298. 49 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ---- -__ 411, 285. 91 .Net total cost to June 30, 1930_----------------------- 5, 082, 584. 40 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------------- 5, 672. 56 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930-- -------- ---- 5, 088, 256. 96 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------- ------ 19, 542. 52 . - te4- exp'hd? :.Net ttal +i ues ..... I (' 5,tfi 06Sr,7441 71 .' Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ------- ---------- '138,892. 80 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 207,607.24 5-----------, 1454 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_ . -.- $35, 537. 71 $3, 806. 91 $61, 043. 02 $48, 215. 98 $24, 160. 13 Cost of maintenance-...... 206, 417. 95 159, 708. 61 155, 293. 97 87, 894.00 144, 079. 13 Total cost----------------- 241, 955.66- 163, 515. 52 216, 336. 99 136,109.98 168, 239. 26 Total expended....----------------------- 241, 955. 66 163, 515. 52 177, 554. 13 139, 272. 32 122, 989. 46 Allotted .............----------------- 64, 500. 00 116, 000. 00 136, 530. 55 155, 000.00 91,000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929$-------------------------------170, 882'. 26 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 2'8, 1930 $55, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930 000. 00 6----------------------------------------0, 115, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for ---------------------------- 285, 882. 26 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment--------------- 24, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for ------------------------ 261, 882. 26 Gross amount expended-------------------------- 123, 107. 40 Less receipts from sales--------------------------- 117. 94 122, 989. 46 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 --------------------- ___ 138, 892. 80 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 1-----------------4, 243.01 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts------------28, 327. 65 42, 570. 66 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------- 96, 322. 14 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930__,............. 5,672. 56 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930---------------101, 994. 70 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1----------------- 1, 161, 300. 00 Amount estimated that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1--------- 155, 000. 00 5. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON FOX RIVER, WIS. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Fox River, Wis. See page 1445, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriations since 1885. Operations and results dcring fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging for restoration of project depth, including the raising of cianal banks at various places on lower Fox River at a cost of $3,691.88 for dredging and rehandling into banks. Necessary re- pairs to locks, dams, canal banks, and lock houses, including relining of sides and rebuilding of lock gates and hollow quoins at Kaukauna Fifth Lock and rebuilding of lower !gates and building new valve platf6rm at Kaukauna Second Lock, cost $42,735.82. The locks and dans,were operated in accordance with the existing project and gages were read at a cost of $46,36343. Transfer of the book value of buildings to permanent work involved a charge of $39,807.98. All iExclusiVe of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRIOT 1455. work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total cost was $132,599.11. The total net expenditures were $86,790.74. Condition at end of fiscal year.-(See report on Fox River, Wis., p. 1452.) The total costs of permanent work from the indefinite appropriation are $3,296,316.71. The total expenditures are $3,291,253.17. Proposed operations.--The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-See preceding report on Fox River. Cost and firancial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__-- __---------_ $3, 296, 316. 71 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 1___..____ 12. 50 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 -----------------------__3, 296, 329. 21 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 _______________________ 5, 076.04 Net total expenditures -------- ----------------- 3, 291, 253. 17 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ ____ _______________ 22, 388. 39 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_-------- 3, 313, 641. 56 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ------------ -------------- -- ----------- Cost of maintenance- _ 124, 560. 89 $158, 509. 23 .------------ -- 245, 381. 44 $90, 242. 08 $132, 599.11 Total expended----------------------- 124, 560. 89 158, 509. 23 237, 688. 78 95, 860. 55 86, 790.74 Allotted-----------------................ ----------- 147, 000. 00 327, 000 00 50, 000.00 100, 000. 00 95, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ----------------------------- $14, 179. 13 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, March 3, 1909-----_________________________ 95, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_ _________ ___________-_ 109, 179. 13 Gross amount expended_ --------------- ---- -- ____- 86, 790. 74 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930__-- ____--- - _____... 22, 388. 39 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930______--_______-______-___ 6, 163. 39 Balance available June 30, 1930--------------------- _ 16, 225. 00 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931--------------- 90, 000. 00 Balance available for fiscal year 1931--------------------- 106, 225. 00 6. STURGEON BAY AND LAKE MICHIGAN SHIP CANAL, WIS. Location and description.-This improvement is on the west shore of Lake Michigan, distant about 52 miles northeasterly from Green Bay and ab6ot 128 miles northerly froih Milwaukee. It consists of a revetted canal connecting Lake Michigan and Sturgeon Bay, a basin having an area of about 12 acres inclosed by breakwaters at the,,, Lake Michigan end of the canal, and a dredged channel connect- ing the w.esterly end of the canal with deep water in Sturgeon Bay. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 7.) Original condition.-In its natural condition Lake Michigan. was separated from Sturgeoni Bay by a neck of land about 13/s miles 11714 --ENG 1930---92 1456 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 wide, having a maximum elevation above the lake level of about 28 feet. The canal and channel in Sturgeon Bay were originally constructed by a private corporation. As originally constructed by the canal corporation the canal had a width at water line of 100 feet and a depth of about 12 feet, with the same depth in the Sturgeon Bay Channel. Previous projects.-The original project for the entrance to the canal was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1873, modified by river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. The United States assumed possession of the canal April 25, 1893, as provided by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. The original project for the canal was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, modified by river and harbor act of June 3, 1896. The cost and expenditures thereunder prior to commencement of the existing project in 1903 are as follows: New work, including purchase price of canal, $323,419.40; maintenance, $30,410.21; a total of $353,829.61. For further details of previous projects, see page 1935 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an outer harbor or stilling basin protected by two converging breakwaters, each 1,344 feet in length, extending from the shore on either side of the easterly or Lake Michigan end of the canal; for a channel extending from deep water in the lake to the canal entrance at the shore line, a total length of 1,300 feet, varying in width from 600 feet at the outer end in the lake to 160 feet at canal entrance; for a revetted canal 7,200 feet in length, varying in width from 160 to 250 feet; for a channel through Sturgeon Bay from the westerly end of the canal to deep water in the bay, a distance of 4 miles, having a width of 200 feet; and for a turning basin 1,600 feet long, maximum width 500 feet, located at the westerly end of the canal at the head of Sturgeon Bay; all channels and the turning basin to be 19 feet deep. The break- waters are formed of stone-filled piling and timber cribs, the south breakwater and pier having been provided with concrete super- structure; the revetments are formed of piling and timber, 914 feet having been repaired with concrete superstructure. The project depth is referred to law-water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 17.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, was $251,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1873, provided for the breakwaters (Annual Report for 1874, pt. 1, p. 142); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the present canal, revetments and channel dimensions and qonsqlidated the canfal and harbborworks° (I.D d. No.::1 6ththh Coi@.',dt'hss.); and the act of March 2; 1919, priovided fo 'the turning basin (H. Doc. No. 1382, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1457 Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The canal and connecting channels being a through waterway, there are no terminal facilities. The nearest port is the city of Sturgeon Bay, 4 miles from the west end of the revetted portion of the canal. Effect of improvement.-The principal effect is the shortening of the distance from ports on the west shore of Lake Michigan to Menominee Harbor by about 50 miles and to Green Bay Harbor by about 70 miles. Practically all car-ferry traffic between Frankfort and Menominee, Mich., now moves via the canal. It has likewise afforded shelter to vessels during storms. The number of vessels seeking shelter is not known. It is believed that the project has a material effect in reducing water rates on bulk commodities, such as coal, grain, lumber, and crushed stone. It is impracticable to esti- mate the amount of reduction in rates thereby effected. Operations and' results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging 262,971 cubic yards for restoration of project depth at a cost of $44,242.86. Soundings cost $394.03. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total cost was $44,- 636.89, for maintenance. The total net expenditures were $44,634.46. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1919 at a saving of $7,777 under the estimated cost. The harbor-entrance piers were completed in 1880, the canal revetments in 1903, and the dredging in 1904. The north breakwater at entrance was badly damaged by storms last year and requires rebuilding above the water line as soon as funds are available. Pile revetments require some repairs and back filling. About 260 feet of south plank crib revetment is in fair condition, but will require rebuilding above the water surface in a few years. The controlling depth at low- water datum at the close of the fiscal year was 19 feet over full project width of channel of outer harbor and the revetted canal. The entire channel through the outer harbor and revetted canal has been swept and all loose stone removed to project depth and more where there is greater depth to ledge rock. There is a controlling depth of 19 feet in the channel west of the revetted canal over a minimum width of about 80 feet in mid-channel. The total costs of permanent work under the existing project are $243,223.05 for new work, $271,092.02 for maintexnce, a total of $514,315.07. The total net expenditures under the existing project are $514,312.64. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year will be applied to maintenance as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 56 days, at $350, about July and August, 1930, May, 1931_------______ $19, 600. 00 Minor repairs to piers and revetments during the fiscal year___ 8, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies ------------------------ 1, 624. 21 Total for maintenance--,,_ __ -------------------- 29, 224. 21 The available funds will be practically exhausted by November 30, 1930. Th'ei+jnbearoplerstructure of the north pier has li am tbee%n aged by storms and should be rebuilt in concrete as soon as possible to avoid further heavy expenditures for temporary repairs. Dredg- 1458 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 ing is required for maintenance of project dimensions of channel. The additional sum of $100,000 can, therefore, be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 30 days, at $350 Rebuild superstructure on entire north pier in 1931, 1,344 linear $10, 500 ____ feet, at $58----------------------------- -------------------- 77, 952 Minor repairs to revetments-------------------------------- 4. 000 Engineering and contingencies ....- _________ _ _--------_ 7, 548 Total for maintenance----- ----------------------------- 100, 000 The average cost of maintenance for the past five years was about $31,700. The excess amount now required for maintenance is due to the necessity of rebuilding the superstructure on the north pier. Commnqercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was automobiles, coal, lumber, stone, flour and feed, gasoline and kerosene, and unclassified commodities. The usual limit of draft for car-ferry traffic, comprising about 28 per cent of the total traffic, was 16.5 feet. For other than car-ferry traffic the limits of draft were as follows: Coal (1 per cent), 16 feet; stone (64 per cent), 17 feet; gasoline and kerosene (1 per cent), 19 feet; auto- mobiles and unclassified package freight (2 per cent), 15 to 16 feet; that for the remaining miscellaneous traffic (4 per cent), 8 to 12 feet. Comparative statement General vessel traffic Car-ferry traffic Calendar year Passengers Short tons Value Short tons 1 Value 1925 --------------------------------- 394, 795 $2, 558, 700 480, 560 $95, 667, 000 7, 349 1926----------------------------------- 430, 206 1, 855, 300 447,708 56, 096, 950 7, 947 1927------------.................----------------------- 471, 029 3, 742, 700 401, 441 43, 627, 100 6, 851 1928 . ....----.......------ -------------------- 572, 777 15, 153, 200 420, 712 51, 720, 000 8, 949 1929--------- ------------------------- 1, 164, 763 18, 166, 900 448, 6C7 56, 364, 600 10, 866 1Exclusive of dead weight of cars. The increase of about 62 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to increased local shipments of stone via general vessel; also to increased through traffic via car-ferry steamers. The increase in valuation was due to increased tonnage. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ $566, 642. 45 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ ... ____ ..-____-____ 301, 502. 23 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 868, 144. 68 Minus accounts payable .June 30, 1930 --------------------- - 2. 43 Net total expenditures-------- ---- ---------- -- 868,142. 25 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 29, 224. 21 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_ 1111111__1897, 866. 46 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1459 Fiscal year ending June 30 .1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work,------ .......-------------------------- ----.-- ------------ - Cost of maintenance ------------------- $22,485. 50 $21, 210. 73 $71,653.43 $35, 017.21 $44, 636. 89 ----------------------- Total expended__. 22, 485. 50 21, 210. 73 -711. 16 34, 136. 51 44, 634. 46 Allotted.....---------.......------------------------ 11, 500. 00 107, 000. 00 -72, 247. 75 56, 500. 00 16, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------- $57, 858. 67 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------- ------------------------ 16, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for ____ -73, __------------ 858. 67 Gross amount expended_--..---------------------- -44, 634. 46 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 29, 224.21 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------------------------- 2. 43 Balance available June 30, 1930 -------------------- 29, 221. 78 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1------------------------- 100, 000.00 7. ALGOMA HARBOR, WIS. Location and description.-This harbor is on the west shore of Lake Michigan, distant about 68 miles from Green Bay via Sturgeon Bay Canal and about 115 miles northerly from Milwaukee. This harbor is at the mouth of the Ahnapee River and consists of a basin having an area of about 111/2 acres, formed by inclosing a portion . of Lake Michigan within breakwaters. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 7.) Original condition.-The mouth of the Ahnapee River was ob- structed by a bar on which there was a depth of about 3 feet, and no harbor existed. The Ahnapee River was navigable for a distance of about 2 miles from its mouth for crafts drawing not more than 4 feet. Previous projects.-The original project for harbor at Ahnapee, as this locality was called formerly, was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871. The project was modified by subse- quent river and harbor acts as follows: March 3, 1873; March 3, 1875; July 5, 1884; March 3, 1899. The cost and expenditures there- under prior to the commencement of the existing project in 1907 were $192,773.50 for new work, $8,687.96 for maintenance, a total of $201,461.46. For further details of previous projects see page 1935 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an outer harbor 14 feet deep inclosed by two piers or breakwaters, one on the north side of the river, 1,100 feet long, extending approximately normal to the shore into the lake, and the other, 1,528 feet long, extending from the shore at a point about 1,000 feet south of the original river mouth, and for a channel of same depth as outer harbor, extending from that depth in the lake up the river a distance of 1,400 feet from its mouth, a total length of about 2,500 feet; this channel varies in width from 100 feet to 175 feet. The breakwaters are formed of ' Exclusive of available funds. 1460 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 stone-filled timber cribs, concrete caissons, and piling; the caissons are capped with concrete superstructure. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 12.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 12 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1907, was $140,000, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1871, provided for the north pier or breakwater (Annual Report for 1871, p. 126); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the south breakwater and the present channel dimensions without prior survey or estimate (unpublished report submitted September 25, 1907). (For latest published map see Annual Report for 1908, p. 1954.) Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The following wharves and terminals are not open to the general public: 1 coal wharf with 275 feet frontage, 2 lumber and wood wharves with 155 feet frontage, and 2 fishing wharves with 240 feet frontage. A package-freight wharf with 280 feet frontage is open to general public use. These facilities are con- sidered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of imprrovement.-There has been but little, if any, benefit to general commerce as a result of completion of existing project. Receipts of coal by vessel, which had entirely ceased, were resumed in 1927. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of placing stone filling and riprap for the outer ends of the piers at. a cost of $1,025.70. Soundings cost $466.15. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total cost was $1,491.85, for maintenance. The 'total net expenditures were $1,491.85. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1909 at a saving of $40,764 under the estimated cost. The north pier was completed in 1890, the south pier and breakwater and dredging in 1909. The piers and breakwaters are in fair condi- tion, except that the lake side of the caisson breakwater and por- tions of the piers have been damaged by ice and settlement. The controlling depths at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year were about 12 feet to the Merchants Dock in the outer harbor and about 9 feet to the coal wharf at the inner end of the north pier. The Ahnapee River is navigable for a distance of about 2 miles from its mouth for vessels drawing not more than 4 feet. The total costs of permanent work under the existing project are $99,236.15 for new RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1461 work, $68,020.66 for maintenance, a total of $167,256.81. The total net expenditures under the existing project are $167,256.81. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year will be applied to maintenance as follows: Maintenance : Riprap and refill piers, 1,000 tons of stone at $4 during the __---- fiscal year -------------------------- ------ $4,0 0.00 Minor repairs to piers and revetments during the fiscal year__ 1, 500. 00 Engineering and contingencies-__ _____----------- --- - 558. 94 Total for maintenance--______--------- -------------- 6, 058. 94 The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. As coal receipts are increasing and the lake level is lowering, dredging is required to restore project dimensions of channel. The additional sum of $5,000 can, therefore, be profitably expended dur- ing the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Maintenance : Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewunee, 12 days, at $350____- $4,200 Engineering and contingencies ----------------------------------- 800 Total for maintenance_________ -___-________ 5, 000 The average cost of maintenance for the past five years was about $2,600. The excess amount now required for maintenance is due to the necessity of dredging to restore project dimensions of channel. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was coal, fish, and stone. The usual limit of draft for vessels carrying coal, comprising about 77 per cent of the total tonnage, was about 12 feet; that for stone, 18 per cent, was 10 feet; that for the remaining miscellaneous traffic, 5 per cent, was 5 to 6 feet. Comparative statement Calendard year Short tons Value- Calendar year Short tons Value 1925- -------------- ----- 1, 996 $62, 150 1928 ............ -... .. 5, 364 $87, 550 1926- -------------- - --- 1, 326 82, 250 1929 ----------- 4, 040 63, 700 19277----....... 3, 644 77,950 The decrease of about 25 per cent in tonnage, compared- to-that of the preceding year, was due to decreased receipts of coal and stone and no receipts of cement. The decrease in valuation was due to decreased tonnage. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_______-------------------___ $292, 009. 65 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_________-------------__ 76, 708. 62 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------368, 718. 27 Net total expenditures------------- ----------------------- 368, 718. 27 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ - - , 058.94 6___________--____ Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930- ' 374,777 21 1462 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEEIS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 ('ot ofnew work.. Cost, of nimintenance .....--------------------- $247. 11 $237. 44 $291. 82 $8, 014.42 $1, 491.85 Total e xiended_....... ..... .. .._-_ _ _ 247. 11 237.44 278. 33 8, 027. 91 1,491.85 1------------- Allotted---------....... .......------------------------------- 500.00 9,000.00 6,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 -------------------------------- $1, 550. 79 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-6,0------------------------6,00. 00 Amount to be accounted for--- ------------- 7, 550. 79 Gross amount expended_______----------------------------------------- 1, 491.85 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ------------------ - 6, 058. 9 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1 - - -- - - 30, 1932, for maintenance ___ 5, 000. 00 8. KEWAUNEE HARBOR, WIS. Location and description.-This harbor is on the west shore of Lake Michigan, distant about 105 miles northerly from Milwaukee and about 78 miles from Green Bay, via Sturgeon Bay Canal. The harbor is at the mouth of the Kewaunee River, and consists of a basin having an area of about 12 acres and a channel protected by parallel piers, extending therefrom to deep water in Lake Michigan. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 7.) Original condition.-The original mouth of the Kewaunee River was located about 2,000 feet north of the present harbor entrance. It was not more than 20 feet wide, 3 feet deep at shoalest point, and was obstructed by submerged bowlders. Before improvement by the United States there was no harbor at this place, and all commerce was transacted over bridge piers. The Kewaunee River was navi- gable for a distance of about 61/2 miles above its mouth for craft drawing not more than 4 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. There was no modification of this project prior to the adoption of the existing projects. The cost and expenditures prior to the commencement of the existing project in 1916 were $149,312.44 for new work, $88,363.97 for maintenance, a total of $237,676.41. For further details of previous project see page 1936 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for protecting the mouth of the Kewaunee River by parallel piers 200 feet apart, each 1,850 feet in length, and for a channel 18 feet deep from that depth in the lake to an interior turning basin of the same depth formed by cutting away part of the point between the old and present river channels; the channel is 2,200 feet long and 160 feet wide. The piers are formed of stone-filled piling; the entire north pier and the outer 1,525 feet of the south pier have been repaired with concrete superstructure. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. 'Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1463 This depth corresponds to the depth of 16.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 11/2 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1907, was $53,690, ex- clusive of amount expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $7,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1881, provided for the entrance channel and the entrance piers (Annual Report for 1881, p. 2082); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for present channel dimensions (H. Doc. No. 324, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, adopting the project, provides that no expenditures shall be made under this project until the following conditions shall have been complied with: First. The city of Kewaunee to donate or cause to be donated to the United States all land that must be acquired for the formation of the turning basin. Second. The city of Kewaunee to hold the United States free from liability for all, damages that may be claimed by riparian owners as a result of the dredging herein proposed. Third. The city of Kewaunee to give satisfactory assurance that it will cause to be constructed, as soon as dredging has progressed sufficiently, a suitable revetment across the point between the old and present river channels. The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, authorized that condi- tion No. 3 be waived. (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 7, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) Title to the land required for the turning basin was transferred to the United States by the city of Kewaunee and was approved by the Department of Justice January 6, 1916. Assurance by the city of Kewaunee of the observance of the second condition was accepted by the department April 4, 1916. While not required by the project, the city of Kewaunee has donated to the United States a tract of land used as an engineer depot for storage of material and for laying up and repairing plant during the winter. Deeds to this land were approved by the Secretary of War January 19, 1897, August 31, 1899, January 6, 1916, and by the Acting Attorney General Septem- ber 21, 1928. The Kewaunee, Green Bay & Western Railroad Co. also donated a tract of land for storage of Government materials, deed for which was approved by the Attorney General October 5, 1927. Terminal facilities.-The following wharves are not open to the general public: 2 car-ferry slips, 1 coal, wood, and grain wharf, 450 feet frontage; 1 package-freight wharf, 540 feet frontage. As 98 per cent of the commerce is carried by car ferry, these facilities, are considered adequate for existing commerce, except that facilities for unloading coal should be improved and possibly free use of a general wharf provided. (For a full description of terminal facilities; see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) 1464 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 30 Effect of improvement.-The completion of the existing project has afforded better facilities for car-ferry steamers, by which prac- tically all the commerce of the port is carried on. There has been no effect on other water-borne commerce, which is insignificant in respect to tonnage. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging 38,000 cubic yards for restoration of project depth at a cost of $5,599.02. Minor repairs to piers and revetments cost $2,311.29. All work was done by hired labor and use of Govern- ment plant. The total cost was $7,910.31, for maintenance. The total net expenditures were $7,910.31. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1918 at a saving of $28,792 under the estimated cost. The dimensions of the entrance channel are 160 feet wide and 2,200 feet long, and the interior basin from about 730 to 450 feet wide and about 800 feet long. The piers were completed in 1897 and the dredging in 1918. The piers are in generally good condition, only minor repairs being required. The controlling depth at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year was 18 feet to the car-ferry slip, over the full width between the piers. The Kewaunee River is navigable for a distance of about 61/2 miles above its mouth for craft drawing not more than 4 feet. The total costs of permanent work under the existing project are $24,898.03 for new work, $122,456.64 for maintenance, a total of $147,354.67. The total net expenditures under the existing project are $147,435.65. Proposed operations. The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year will be applied to maintenance as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 15 days, at $350, April, 1931 ---------------------------------------------- $5, 250. 00 Stone filling and riprap for piers, 1,000 tons, at $4, during the fiscal year------------------------------------------------4, 00. 00 Minor repairs to piers and revetments during the fiscal year (seal outer 270 feet of north pier superstructure with con- crete) 4,000.00 Engineering and contingencies __________--_____________-937. 94 Total for maintenance- 187. 94 1-------------------------- The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. Dredging is required annually for maintenance of project dimen- sions of channel. The additional sum of $5,000 can, therefore, be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 12 days at $350-.---.. $4, 200 Minor repairs to piers and revetments __________-----__________ 500 Engineering and contingencies 300 Total for maintenance- __ __----------------- 5, 000 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was automobiles, coal, flour and feed, lumber atnd forest products, and unclassified commodities. The usual limit of':draft for car-ferry traffic, comprising about 98 per cent of the total tonnage, was 16.5 feet. For vessels other than car-ferry traffic (2 per cent) the limits of draft were as follows: Unclassified package freight, 16.5 feet; coal, 16 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1465 Comparative statement General vessel traffic Car-ferry traffic Calendar year Passengers Short tons Value Short tons 1 Value 1925---------------------------------- 3, 302 $550, 490 395, 625 $96, 647, 310 276 1926_ - -.- --- - - - - _ 2, 256 514, 300 384, 888 73, 061, 600 281 1927 -------------- ------------ .-- ---- 2, 075 471,900 330, 603 51, 757, 800 400 1928 ---------------------------------- 8, 787 504, 350 472, 119 83, 675, 400 1,441 1929---------------------------------- 6, 020 476, 500 564, 695 102, 855, 700 1,404 1 Exclusive of dead weight of cars. The increase of about 19 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to increased traffic via car-ferry steam- ers. The increase in valuation was due to increased tonnage. Cost and financial sunvmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-_____--- ______---___------ $174,210. 47 --------------------------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ 210, 820. 61 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930____ 385, 031.08 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ------------ 80. 98 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 385, 112. 06 Net total expenditures_ ______ _________________________-- 385, 112. 06 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_---- ________------ 14, 187. 94 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930______________- 399, 300.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work__ - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - Cost of maintenance - - - - - $4, 798. 23 $6, 231. 99 $6, 297. 57 $37, 623. 95 $7, 910. 31 Total expended__------------------- 4, 798. 23 6, 231. 99 6, 297. 57 37, 704. 93 7, 910. 31 Allotted ....-------------------------- 5,500.00 5,500. 00 43, 000.00 15,000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929___ $7,098.25 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930_________________________ $12, 500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929__________________________ 2, 500. 00 15, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_.. ______ -_____ -_________ _ 22,098.25 Gross amount expended_____________ 7, 910.31 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------___--- 14, 187. 94 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June \ 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- ---- -- - 30, 1932, for maintenance 5, 000. 00 9. TWO RIVERS HARBOR, WIS. Loeation and description.-Thisharbor is on the west shore of Lake Michigan, distance about 82 miles northerly from Milwaukee and about 101 miles from Green Bay via Sturgeon Bay Canal: The 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1466 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 harbor is at the mouth of the Twin Rivers and consists of a basin having an area of about 4 acres and a channel protected by parallel piers extending therefrom to deep water in Lake Michigan. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 7.) Original condition.-The depth at the mouth of the Twin Rivers was from 3 to 4 feet, and no harbor existed at this place. East and West Twin Rivers were navigable for about 3 and 7 miles, respec- tively, from the harbor piers for craft drawing not more than 0 feet. Previous projects. The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871. The cost and expenditures prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1907 were $212,857.20 for new work, $33,113.35 for maintenance, a total of $245,970.55. For further details of previous projects see page 1936 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing projet.-This provides for two entrance piers at the mouth of Twin Rivers, 245 feet apart at the outer ends and 750 feet apart at the shore line, having lengths of about 1,640 feet and 1,720 feet for the north and south piers, respectively; for a channel 2,500 feet long and 14 feet deep extending from that depth in the lake to an inner basin at the confluence of the East and West Twin Rivers, the channel varying in width from 500 feet at the outer end to 200 feet between the piers; for a revetment about 450 feet long on the north side at the inner end of the channel, and for a small stilling basin beyond the shore line on the north side of the channel. The piers are formed of stone-filled timber cribs and piling; about 700 feet of the north pier and 200 feet of the south pier has been provided with concrete superstructure; about 300 feet of the south pier has been provided with rubble superstructure; the remaining 900 feet of the crib piers has been paved with concrete; the revetment on north side of channel is provided with concrete superstructure. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 12.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonable changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 11/2 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1917, was $55,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $7,000. 'The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1871, provided for the south pier, 750 feet of the north pier, and about 44 feet of the north revetment (Annual Report for 1871, p. 123, as modified by the Chief of Engi- neers February 27, 1897) ; the act of March 2, 1907, providing for the remainder of the north pier, the stilling basin, and present channel dimensions (modification of plan A, H. Doc. No. 730, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recomnmende modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1467 Terminal faoilities.-The following wharves are not open to the general public: One coal and wood wharf, with 900 feet frontage; three lumber and wood wharves, with 1,080 feet frontage; numerous fishing wharves, with 1,810 feet frontage. The city has provided a public wharf with 395 feet frontage, but without warehouses or rail- way connection, which is open to the public without charge. These facilities are considered generally adequate for existing commerce. The city of Two Rivers, however, should provide a warehouse and railway connections to the municipal wharf. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--The project has afforded better facilities for delivering coal and crushed stone by vessel. There has been no effect on other water-borne commerce, which is insignificant in tonnage. Operations and results during fiscal year.--Operations consisted of dredging 30,500 cubic yards for restoration of project depth at a cost of $5,336.91. The old timber superstructure, on the outer 398 linear feet of the north crib pier and the outer 198 linear feet of the south crib pier, was rebuilt in concrete at a cost of $35,937.41. Repairs to the remaining timber superstructure on the north and south crib piers cost $8,617.18. The outer 292.5 linear feet of super- structure on the north pile pier was rebuilt in concrete at a cost of $24,628.03. The placing of 1,600 tons of stone as filling and riprap for the piers cost $5,851.62. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total cost was $80,371.15 for maintenance. The total net expenditures were $76,437.49. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1909 at a saving of $1,441 under the estimated cost. The south pier was completed in 1883, the north pier in 1908, and the dredging in 1909. The piers are in fair condition except that the remainder of the north pile pier requires repairs. The controlling depth at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year was 14 feet over the full width in the entrance channel between the piers. East and West Twin Rivers are navigable for about 3 and 7 miles, respectively, from the harbor piers for craft drawing not more than 5 feet. The total costs of permanent work under the existing project are $53,559.40 for new work, $206,260.24 for maintenance, a total of $259,819.64. The total net expenditures under the existing project are $259,814.50. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year will be applied to maintenance as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 22 days, at $350, April, 1931 ------------------------ $7, 700. 00 Minor repairs to piers and revetments during the fiscal year____ 2, 000.00 Engineering and contingencies_____________________ _ 988. 73 Total for maintenance-----------------------------_ _ 10,688.73 The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. On account of expensive damage to the piers during the severe storms of 1929, emergency repairs have been made to all piers except the inshore portion of the north pile pier, which is also damaged and should be repaired as soon as possible. Dredging is required an- 1468 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 nually for maintenance of project dimensions of channel. The ad- ditional sum of $45,000 can, therefore, be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Maintenance : Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 10 days, at $350- --- $3, 500 Rebuild concrete superstructure on inner end of north pile pier, 592 linear feet, at $55------------------------------------- 32, 560 Riprap and fill piers, 1,000 tons of stone, at $4-------------------- 4, 000 Minor repairs to piers and revetments 000 1-------------------- Engineering and contingencies ----------------------------------- 3, 940 Total for maintenance --------------------------------------- 45, 000 The average cost of maintenance for the past five years was about $7,400. The excess amount now required is due to the necessity of rebuilding superstructure on the north pier. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was coal, stone, sand and gravel, and fish. The usual limit of draft for vessels carrying coal and stone, com- prising about 91 per cent of the total tonnage, was 14 feet; that for sand and gravel, 8 per cent, was 10 feet; that for the remaining miscellaneous traffic, 1 per cent, was 6 to 8 feet. - Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925_-------------------- 22, 896 $224, 100 _ 1928 --------------------- 26, 439 $272, 500 1926--------------------- 27, 096 289, 250 1929---------------------37, 467 281, 000 1927--_-------------------40, 306 330, 450 TlIe increase of about 41 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to increased receipts of coal and building materials. The increase in valuation was due to increased tonnage. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------$26, 416. 60 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------------- 239, 373. 59 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 505, 790. 19 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 5. 14 Net total expenditures----------------------------- 505, 785. 05 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930__ ----------- 10, 688. 73 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------------- _ 516, 473. 78 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ....... Cost of maintenance- -....----- -............ $10, 032. 95 $7, 149. 07 $5, 638. 89 $9, 102. 42 $80, 371. 15 Total expended..----- ---.. 10, 032. 95 ------------............... 7, 149. 07 -3, 899. 88 18, 305. 36 76, 437. 49 Allotted----------------------------------- 9, 200.00 6, 000.00 5,223. 78 64, 500.00 24,500. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1469 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 $62, 626.22 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-------------------------------- $8, 000 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929-------------------------------- 16, 500 24, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for_____ _----_____________ - 87, 126.22 Gross amount expended---------------------- ------------------ 76, 437.-49 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-_______-___----------- 10, 688. 73 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------- ------------- 5. 14 Balance available June 30, 1930 __________-----------10, 683. 59 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year endin June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1__ - 45, 000. 00 10. MANITOWOC HARBOR, WIS. Location and description.-This harbor is on the west shore of Lake Michigan, distant about 79 miles northerly from Milwaukee and about 106 miles from Green Bay via Sturgeon Bay Canal. The harbor is at the mouth of the Manitowoc River and consists of a basin having an area of about 78 acres, formed by inclosing a por- tion of Lake Michigan within breakwater. The commercial harbor is located within the Manitowoc River, which has been dredged and is maintained by the municipality. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 7.) Original condition.-The depth at the mouth of the Manitowoc River was about 4 feet at the shoalest point, and no harbor existed at this place. All commerce was transacted over "bridge piers " extending from the shore into Lake Michigan; there was no navi- gation on the river. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted in 1854, the first appropriation for the improvement having been made by the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852. The project was modified by subsequent river and harbor acts, as follows: March 3, 1881; September 19, 1890; June 3, 1896; June 13, 1902. The cost and ex- penditures prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1907 were $400,126.14 for new work, $54,287.93 for mainte- nance, a total of $454,414.07. For further details of previous projects see page 1937 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an outer harbor or stilling basin formed by two breakwaters extending from the shore on either side of the mouth of the Manitowoc River, 425 feet apart at their outer ends and diverging to a distance of 2,180 feet apart at their inner ends, having lengths of 2,540 feet and 2,290 feet for the north and south breakwaters, respectively, and for a channel 18 feet deep, extending from that depth in the lake through the outer harbor to the mouth of the river, a total length of about 2,000 feet, with a width of about 500 feet. The breakwaters are formed of stone-filled tim- ber cribs, concrete caissons, and piling, all of which are capped with concrete superstructure. SExclusive of available funds. 1470 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 16.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 11/2 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1907, was $486,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 62, 59th Cong., 1st sess., as modified by R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 3, 59th Cong., 2d sess.). For the latest published map see House Document No. 136, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of 3 car-ferry slips; 6 coal wharves with 2,335 feet frontage; 1 cement wharf with 700 feet frontage; 3 grain, flour, and feed wharves with 1,100 feet frontage; 1 shipbuilding yard with 2,000 feet frontage; 2 package-freight wharves with 550 feet frontage; 2 lumber and wood wharves with 400 feet frontage; and 1 wharf for miscellaneous freight with 1,080 feet frontage. None of these wharves is open to general public use. While these facilities are considered fairly adequate for existing commerce, it is believed the city should provide a suitable wharf with warehouse and railway connection, which should be open to the general public. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doec. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal effect has been to increase the volume of car-ferry business, of coal receipts for shipment to the interior, anid of raw materials for the manufacture of cement. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging 29,595 cubic yards for restoration of project depth, at a cost of $7,676.94. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total cost was $7,676.94, for maintenance. The total net expenditures were $7,676.94. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1910 at a saving of $251,751 under the estimated cost. The breakwaters, completed in 1910, have been capped with concrete and are now in good condition. The dredging was completed in 1908. The controlling depth at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year was 18 feet over the full width of the channel through the outer harbor. The total costs of permanent work under the existing project are $234,248.48 for new work, $397,011.57 for maintenance, a total of $631,260.05. The total net expenditures under the existing project are $631,260.05. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year will be applied to maintenance, as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1471 Maintenance : Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, eight days, at $350, about June, 1931------------------------------------------- $2, 800 Riprap breakwaters, 1,000 tons of stone, at $4.25, during the fiscal year-------------------------------------------------------- 4, 250 Engineering and contingencies- ___----- - 594 Total for maintenance --------------------------- ___ ----------- 7,644 The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. Dredging is required for maintenance of project dimensions of channel. The additional sum of $7,000 can, therefore, be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Maintenance : Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kew anee, 18 days, at $350--.... $6,:300 Engineering and contingencies_----------------------------------- 700 Total for maintenance--- -------------------------- 7, 000 Com ercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was automobiles, coal, stone, grain and grain products, lumber and forest products, cement, and unclassified commodities. The usual limit of draft for car-ferry traffic, compris- ing about 66 per cent of the total tonnage, was 16.5 feet. For other than car-ferry traffic the limits of draft were as follows: Coal (14 per cent), grain (2 per cent), and stone (13 per cent), 18 feet: ce- ment (3 per cent), 14 feet; and that for the remaining miscellaneous traffic (2 per cent), 16 feet. Comparative statement General vessel traffic Car-ferry traffic Calendar years Passengers Short tons Value Short tons' Value 1925 - _ ------------------------------ 660, 638 $5, 716, 230 1, 544, 677 $191, 281, 570 7, 450 1926. ------------------------------ 712, 861 5, 806, 550 1, 442, 410 163, 879, 550 8, 281 1927 ------------------------------- 701, 563 7, 163, 900 1, 566, 912 171, 548, 100 11, 872 1928- -------------------------------- 709, 431 7, 745, 550 1, 610, 347 156, 894, 600 15, 696 1929_ - ------------------------------ _ 807, 568 9, 364, 300 1,542,249 150, 846,900 25, 206 'Exclusive of dead weight of cars. The increase of about 11/2 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to increased receipts of coal and stone and to shipments of grain via general vessel which was partially off- set by decreased traffic via car-ferry steamers. The decrease in valuation was due to decreased traffic in commodities having a high unit value. Coat eand alt 81umffmmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930..------------......... $64,374. 62 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------- --- 451, 299..50 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1980 ---------- 1,085, 674. 12 Net total expenditures_.-... --------- ----------------..------ 1, 085, 674. 12 Unexpended balance June 80, 1930-.--------------------- ----- 7, 644.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ---------- 1,098, 318. 12 11714---ENG 1930-----93 1472 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work--------------...... ........... . .. ...------------ Cost of maintenance------------------$83, 262. 17 $95, 105. 33 $15, 059. 17 $5, 945. 62 $7, 676. 94 Total expended--------------............................ 83, 262. 17 95, 105. 33 -124,358.95 5, 983. 61 7, 676. 94 ---. --.. - 70,000.00 ------------ Allotted.--..---................. 129,741.88 6, 000. 00 5, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------------- $10, 320. 94 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--------------------------------- ----------- 5, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for------------------------- ---- 15, 320. 94 Gross amount expended , 676.94 7------------------------- Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-----------------------7, 644. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 for maintenance _ ---------------------------------- 7, 000. 00 11. SHEBOYGAN HARBOR, WIS. Location and description.-This harbor is on the west shore of Lake Michigan, distant about 26 miles south from Manitowoc and about 55 miles north of Milwaukee. The harbor is at the mouth of the Sheboygan River, and consists of a basin having an area of about 102 acres, formed by inclosing a portion of Lake Michigan within breakwaters. The commercial harbor is located within the Sheboygan River, which has been dredged and is maintained by the municipality. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 7.) Original condition.-The depth at the mouth of the river did not exceed 7 feet. The town and county of Sheboygan built parallel piers and dredged between them to a depth of 12 feet. Sheboygan River was navigable for a distance of about 11/2 miles above its mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 23, 1866. This project was modified by sub- sequent river and harbor acts, as follows: March 3, 1873; March 3, 1881; August 18, 1894; March 3, 1899; and June 13, 1902. The total cost and expenditures prior to commencement of the existing project in 1907 are $487,816.64 for new work, $87,131.46 for maintenance, a total of $574,948.10. For further details of previous projects see page 1937 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an outer harbor or stilling basin formed by a breakwater extending from the shore about 2,250 feet north of the mouth of the Sheboygan River for a total length of 3,829 feet, and a south pier 2,750 feet long extending into the lake about normal to the shore on the south side of the mouth of the river, and for a turning basin 900 feet wide and 20 feet deep in the outer harbor with an entrance channel 3,300 feet long through the south side of the basin, the width being 200 feet at the inner end of south pier and 350 feet at outer end of breakwater, the depth being 20 feet, increasing to 22 feet at the lakeward end. The north breakwater is formed of stone-filled timber cribs, concrete caissons, and piling, all of which is capped with concrete superstructure. 1 Exclusive of available finds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1473 The south pier consists of timber cribs and piling, 1,525 linear feet of which has also been provided with concrete superstructure. The project depth is referred to law-water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 17.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasnal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 11/, feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost of new work revised in 1927 was $497,000. This estimate is exclusive of amounts expended under previous proj- ects. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of mainte- nance is $12,030. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1907, provided for the north break- water (H. Doc. No. 62, 59th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of January 21, 1927, provided for preserving the south pier as part of the project, for the turning basin, and for present channel dimensions, and elimi- nated the proposed south breakwater (H. Doc. No. 475, 68th Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see House Document No. 475, Sixty-eighth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of 2 coal wharves, with 3,260 feet frontage; 3 lumber wharves, with 1,615 feet frontage; 1 wood wharf, with 500 feet frontage; 1 cement wharf, with 100 feet front- age; 1 package-freight wharf, with 240 feet frontage; and 6 fishing wharves, with 860 feet frontage. None of these wharves is open to general public use. The city of Sheboygan has established a public terminal, having 400 feet wharf frontage, equipped with warehouse. This terminal, which is open to the public on like terms for like service, is conveniently located and has good street connections but no railway connections other than with interurban electric lines. These facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal effect has been a marked stilling effect of the water in the river, with increased safety for vessels moored in the lower portion of the Sheboygan River. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operationsconsisted of dredging 50,238 cubic yards for restoration of project depth at a cost of $6,676.68. The placing of 1,007 tons of stone for riprap along the north breakwater cost $3,416.03. Minor repairs were made to north pile pier at a cost of $3,624.05. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total cost was $13,716.76, for maintenance. The total net expenditures were $13,716.76. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project providing for construction of north breakwater was completed in 1915 and the south pier in 1904. Work on the modified project for turning basin and 20 to 22 feet depth in entrance channel was commenced in October, 1928, and is about 60 per cent completed. The entire proj- ect is 88 per cent completed. Except for the remaining timber super- 1474 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 structure on the south pier, the pier and breakwater are in good con- dition. The north breakwater requires riprap. The controlling depth at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year was 20 feet in th'e entrance channel for a width of 200 feet from the face of the south pier. Over an additional width of 200 feet to the north there is a depth of 18 feet. Sheboygan River is navigable for a distance of about 11/2 miles above its mouth for craft drawing not more than 7 feet. The total costs of permanent work under the existing project are $399,360.42 for new work and $309,527.60 for maintenance, a total of $708,888.02. The total net expenditures under the existing project are $708,888.02. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year will be applied to new work and maintenance as follows: New work : Complete dredging turning basin with United States plant in 1930---- --- ----------------------------------- $27, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies ------------------------ 2, 000. 00 Total for new work --------------------------------- 29, 000.00 Maintenance: Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 12 days, at $550, about June, 1931 ------------------------------------------ 6, 600. 00 Riprap breakwater and pier, 1,000 tons of stone, at $4, during the fiscal year------------------------------- -------- 4, 000.00 Engineering and contingencies----------------------------- 605. 77 Total for maintenance------------------------------ 11, 205. 77 Grand total--------------------------------------- 40, 205. 77 The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. Dredging is required annually for maintenance of project dimen- sions of channel. Additional riprap is required around the break- waters. The additional sum of $18,000 can, therefore, be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 16 days, at $550------ $8, 800 Riprap breakwater and pier, 2,000 tons of stone, at $4-----------8, 000 Engineering and contingencies , 200 1------------------- Total for maintenance ------- 18, 000 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was coal, china clay, and unclassified package freight. The usual limit of draft for vessels carrying coal, com- prising about 94 per cent of the total tonnage, was 19.5 feet; that for china clay (about 1 per cent), 14 feet; and that for unclassified package freight (5 per cent.), 16.5 feet. Oomparative etatement RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1475 The decrease of about 1.5 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to decreased receipts of hard coal and unclassified package freight. The decrease in valuation was due to decreased tonnage. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__-------------------------$887, 177. 06 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 396, 659. 06 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------1, 283, 836. 12 Net total expenditures------------------------------- 1, 283, 836. 12 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_---------------------- 40, 205. 77 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------1,324, 041. 89 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ._................------ -. $24, 919. 35 - - -- Cost of maintenance ..------------------- $95, 80134 $65, 399.36 $40, 031.92 3, 530. 36 $13, 710.76 Total cost 95, 801.34 65, 399. 36 40, 031. 92 28, 449. 71 13, 716. 76 Total expended--- 95, 801.34 65, 399. 36 -16, 437. 59 28, 474. 45 13, 716. 76 Allotted -- 60, 000. 00I- ... -33, 226. 23 5,000. 00 46, 00.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__________ ___--------------------- $7, 922. 53 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved May 28, 1930 -___ 090 $______-____________--- Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929---------------------------------6, 000 46, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for--- 53, 922. 53 Gross amount expended ----------------------------- 13, 716. 76 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 _________-__-------- -40, 205. 77 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------------------------------------- 68, 600. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1------_____ 18, 00.00 12. PORT WASHINGTON HARBOR, WIS. Location and description.-This harbor is on the west shore of Lake Michigan, distant about 53 miles south from Manitowac and about 29 miles north from Milwaukee. The harbor is entirely arti- ficial, consisting of two basins, the north basin having an area of 31/2 acres and 'the west basin of 11/2 acres, and of a channel in Lake Michigan protected by parallel piers leading to the basins., (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 7.) Original condition.-No harbor existed at this place. The Sauk River, which empties into Lake Michigan at this place, is a com- paratively small creek and was not available for navigation over any portion of it. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 11, 1870. This project was modified by the 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1476 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 river and harbor act of August 14, 1876. The cost and expenditures prior to the commencement of the existing project in 1910 were $188,495.08 for new work, $15,123.46 for maintenance, a total of $203,618.54. (For further details of previous projects see p. 1938 of Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for two parallel piers about 150 feet apart, having a length of 920 feet each, and for a channel 16 feet deep from that depth in the lake leading to two interior basins having the same depth, the west basin being 150 by 490 feet, and the north basin, 190 by 770 feet; this channel has a total length of about 1,400 feet and varies in width from 375 feet at the outer end in the lake to about 120 feet between the piers. The piers are formed of stone-filled timber cribs; about 370 feet of the south pier and 90 feet of the north pier at the inner ends have been provided with rubble superstructure. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michi- gan which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 14.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 11/2 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1909, was $30,000, ex- clusive of the amounts expended under previout projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,600. The existing project was authorized by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of July 11, 1870, provided for the entrance piers and the south basin (H. Ex. Doc. No. 28, 41st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of August 14, 1876, provided for the north basin (Annual Report for 1876, pt. 2, p. 379); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for present channel dimensions (H. Doc. No. 306, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). (For latest published map see Annual Report for 1903, oppo- site, p. 1856.) Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The following wharves are not open to gen- eral public use: 1 coal wharf with 230 feet frontage; 1 lumber wharf with 1,100 feet frontage; 1 wharf for miscellaneous freight with 520 feet frontage; 6 fishing wharves with 540 feet frontage. A package-freight wharf with 70 feet frontage, owned by the city of Port Washington and provided with a small warehouse and railway connection, is open to general public use. These facilities are con- sidered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-There has been but little benefit to gen- eral commerce as a result of completion of existing project. Receipts of coal by vessel, which had entirely ceased, were resumed in 1922. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging 20,287 cubic yards for restoration of project depth at a cost of $4,625.85. Emergency repairs to the north and south piers cost $7,378.90. All work was done by hired labor and use of Govern-. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1477 ment plant. The total cost was $12,004.75 for maintenance. The total net expenditures were $12,004.75. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1911 at a saving of $7,554 under the estimated cost. The north pier was completed in 1887, the south pier in 1893, and the dredging in 1911. Minor repairs to the piers are necessary to keep them in serviceable condition. The controlling depths at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year were 16 feet over the full width of entrance channel and west basin and 14 feet in the north basin. The total costs under the existing project are $22,446.30 .for new work, $75,866.39 for maintenance, a total of $98,312.69. The total net expenditures under the existing project are $98,312.69. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year will be applied to maintenance as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade 9 days, at $550, about May, 1931 ----------------------------------------------- $4, 950.00 Riprap and refill piers, 1,000 tons of stone, at $4, during the fiscal year_________ ------------------------------------- 4, 000.00 Minor repairs to piers and revetments during the fiscal year___, 1, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies--------- ---------------------- 818. 77 Total for maintenance.------------------------------------0, 768. 77 The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. Dredging is required annually for maintenance of project dimen- sions of channel, and piers and revetments should be maintained. The additional amount of $7,000 can, therefore, be profitably ex- pended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Maintenance : Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 10 days, at $550---------- $5, 500 Minor repairs to piers and revetments__________-________________ 1, 000 Engineering and contingencies------------------------------------ 500 Total for maintenance ______________________-__-__7, 000 The average cost of maintenance for the past five years was about $5,100. The excess amount now required for maintenance is due to the necessity of a small increase in the amount of dredging and for repairs to piers. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was coal, fish, building materials, and forest products. The usual limit of draft for vessels carrying coal and building materials, comprising about 97 per cent of the total tonnage, was 16 feet; that for the remaining miscellaneous traffic, 3 per cent, was 6 to 8 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value ...........----------- 1925-------- 17, 881 $182, 250 1928--------------------- 18, 512 $308, 850 1926__ ------------------ 17,687 180,750 1929 --------------------- 18, 800 223, 000 1927...._____________-------19,665 234,650 The increase of about 11/2 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to increased receipts of building materials, which was practically offset by the decreased receipts of 1478 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 coal and fish. The decrease in valuation was principally due to decreased receipts of fish, which are of higher unit value than building materials. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---- ---------------------- $210, 941. 38 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 90,989. 85 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------301, 931. 23 Net total expenditures-----------------------------------301, 931.23 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------- ----- 10, 768.77 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----- --------- 312, 700. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 ------- Cost of new work___ ------------- Cost of maintenance. _------------------- $3, 148. 94 $6, 097. 65 $3, 158. 79 $7, 263. 73 $12, 004. 75 Total expended__ ----------------------- 3, 148. 94 6,097. 65 3,853.84 7, 263. 73 12,004. 75 ------ Allotted_ ----------------------- 4,000.00 8,800.00 4,000.00 9,000.00 13,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--- ------------------------ $9, 773. 52 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------------- $10, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929- ---- __ _ 3,000.00 13, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_ 22, 773. 52 Gross amount expended----- - 12, 004. 75 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 -- -- 10, 768.77 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1 30, 1932 for maintenance ____________ 7, 000. 00 13. MILWAUKEE HARBOR, WIS. Location and description.-This harbor is on the west shore of Lake Michigan, distant about 85 miles northerly from Chicago and about 83 miles west of Grand Haven, Mich. It is located at the mouth of the Milwaukee River and consists of a channel protected by piers and of an outer basin, having an area of about 1,200 acres outside of the projected municipal wharves, over 850 acres of which there is a depth of 19 to 35 feet, in which vessels seeking safety from storms can be moored; the basin is protected by two breakwaters, ex- tending from the shore, each starting about 2 miles from the entrance into the inner harbor. The commercial harbor is in the Milwaukee, Menominee, and Kinnickinnic Rivers. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 7.) Originalcondition.--In its natural condition the mouth of the Mil- waukee River was about 3,000 feet south of the present harbor entrance. The depth at the river mouth was not more than 41/2 feet and no harbor existed at this place. The city of Milwaukee had *Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1479 dredged a channel at the present entrance and had protected same by two parallel piers, each about 1,120 feet long. The original condi- tion of the rivers comprising the inner or commercial harbor is not definitely known. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement of Mil- waukee Harbor was adopted by act of March 3, 1843. This project was modified by river and harbor acts as follows: August 30, 1852, April 10, 1869, and March 3, 1899. The original project for the har- bor of refuge was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. The project of June 13, 1902, consolidating the harbor and harbor of refuge was modified by river and harbor act of March 3, 1905. The total cost and expenditures on the harbor and harbor of refuge prior to the commencement of the existing project in 1907, but including an expenditure of $14,633.85, made under the abandoned project f 1910 for widening rivers and dredging turning basins, are $1,293,2 0.26 for new work, $459,305.16 for maintenance, a total of $1,752, 55.42. For further details of previous projects see page 1938 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a north breakwater 9,961 feet long and a south breakwater 9,646 feet, more or less, in length, ex- tending to the shore, thereby forming a protected basin in which is to be located a commercial harbor to be constructed by the city of Milwaukee, the width of entrance between the two breakwaters to be about 500 feet. It further provides for the protection of the river mouth by two piers, 360 feet apart at their outer ends and 550 feet apart at the shore line, about 1,656 feet and 1,608 feet in length for the north and south piers, respectively; for a channel 21 feet deep, extending from that depth in the lake to the mouth of the river, a total length of about 2,850 feet, the width of channel outside the piers to be 600 feet; the removal of the remaining portions of the original south pier and of the point of land at the foot of the present pier, so as to provide a channel width of about 500 feet at the river mouth; and the abandonment of so much of the previous project as related to dredging inside the shore line for the formation of turning basins and widening channels. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 19.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal .changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to the wind and barometric pressure, of about 11/2 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $4,757,500, exclusive of the amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1'928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $55,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 30, 1852, provided for the north pier (S. Doc. No. 175, 25th Cong., 2d sess.) ;the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the 19-foot channel dimensions (H. Doc. No. 61, 54th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 3, 1881, provided for the inner 7.600 feet of the breakwater (Annual Report for 1881, p. 2122); the 1480 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 act of March 2, 1907, provided for the south pier (Annual Report for 1906, p. 1752), and also provided for extending the breakwater 1,000 feet without prior survey or estimate; the act of September 22, 1922, provided for extending north breakwater, for a south break- water, and for deepening and widening channel (H. Doc. No. 804, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published maps see House Docu- ment No. 667, Sixty-first Congress, second session, and Annual Report for 1911, page 2332. Recommended mmodifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, adopting the project for breakwater extension, construction, and dredging, provided that actual work by the United States shall not be commenced thereon until the city of Milwaukee shall have presented evidence satisfactory to the Secretary of War that it is prepared to finance and carry out its part of the project a ong the general lines of the plan presented with report published House Document No. 804, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session, subject, however, to such modifications as may be deemed essential by the Chief of Engineers, and that it will deed to the United States the area proposed to be donated for Federal uses just north of the north pier. These assurances have been given by the city of Milwaukee, and were approved by the Assistant Secretary of War on April 5, 1923. Terminal facilities.-The following wharves and terminals are open to general public use: 1 municipal open wharf, with 1,350 feet frontage and 3 privately owned wharves, 1,740 feet total front- age, the latter 3 being provided with warehouses, are open to the general public on like terms for like service; 3 railroad-owned open wharves, 1,960 feet total frontage, and 4 railroad-owned wharves, 2,855 feet total frontage, provided with warehouses, are open to the general public when the railroads receive the haul. All of the above wharves have railway connections. The following wharves and terminals are not open to general public use: 4 car-ferry slips; 23 coal wharves, 20,122 feet total frontage; 6 grain elevators, 2,610 feet total frontage; 1 iron-ore wharf, 1,400 feet frontage; 7 wharves and warehouses for miscel- laneous and package freight, 3,576 feet total frontage; 13 wharves for lumber and forest products, building materials, etc., 7,078 feet total frontage; 1 salt wharf and warehouse, 320 feet frontage; 3 bulk cement wharves and storage tanks, 940 feet total frontage, and 1 wharf and warehouse for package cement with 200 feet frontage. These facilities are inadequate for existing commerce. The river and harbor act of March 4, 1915, provided for an examination and survey of Milwaukee Harbor. Tentative plans for an enlarged outer harbor have been submitted by the Milwaukee Harbor Commission, and these plans are incorporated in a survey report published in House Document No. 804, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The harbor of refuge is but little used by vessels seeking shelter from storms, but on account of the congested condition of the inner harbor it is largely used by vessels waiting an opportunity to enter the inner harbor and proceed to their destina- RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1481 tion. There is no record of the number of vessels which have moored in the harbor of refuge. By reason of its excellent harbor, Milwau- kee has become the principal coal-receiving port on Lake Michigan. Many bulky articles, such as coal, salt, sugar, etc., are transshipped from water to rail at Milwaukee. The favorable effect of the harbor upon commerce is widespread throughout several States lying to the westward. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of completing, by contract, the construction of 2,862 linear feet of south breakwater in extension southerly of the main arm, at a cost of $664,390.98. Stone was placed for riprap along the breakwaters, 110,865 tons being placed by contract, at a cost of $324,066.08, and 4,640 tons being placed by hired labor at a cost of $7,520.36. Dredg- ing 258,500 cubic yards, by hired labor, to obtain project depth of 21 feet in the entrance channel between the piers, including the removal of old south stub pier, revetments, foundations, etc., cost $33,581.54. Repairs to breakwaters and piers and miscellaneous work, by hired labor, cost $5,401.24. Charges for plant pertaining to this improvement amounted to $967.87. The total costs were $1,025,160.93 for new work and $10,767.14 for maintenance, a total of $1,035,928.07. The total net expenditures were $799,421.56. Condition at end of fiscal year.--he project is about 85 per cent completed. The north breakwater was completed for a length of 8,210 feet in 1909 and the extension of 1,751 feet in 1925, making the total length 9,961 feet; the north pier in 1905, and the south pier in 1910. The south breakwater was completed in 1929 except for placing additional riprap and repairing about 850 feet damaged by a storm of October 22-23, 1929. The south shore connection was completed in 1928. Dredging operations for deepening and widening entrance channel are about 75 per cent completed. The concrete superstructures on the timber-crib section of the north breakwater and on the harbor piers are showing considerable disin- tegration, but not to such extent as to endanger the structures. The controlling depth at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year was 21 feet over a minimum width of 175 feet through center of entrance channel. The total costs of permanent work under the ex- isting project are $3,951,458.52 for new work, $553,389.38 for main- tenance, a total of $4,504,847.90. The total expenditures under the existing project are $5,453,527.10. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year will be applied to new work and maintenance as follows: New work: Complete furnishing and placing large riprap around caisson breakwaters by contract in 1930----------------------$295, 000. 00 Furnish and place part of the small riprap around the caisson breakwaters in 1930 and to June 30, 1931, 19,000 tons, at $3__ 57, 000. 00 Complete deepening and widening of entrance to inner harbor_ 10, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies___----------------------- 28, 000. 00 Total for new work__ _--____--------------------------- 390, 000. 00 Maintenance : Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Keoaunee, 30 days, at $350, about August, 1930, and May, 1931_ - -------- 10, 500. 00 Repairs to concrete superstructures on old breakwater and harbor entrance piers during the fiscal year ___------- 11, 000. 00 1482 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Ma 'ntenance-C.ontinued. Construction by contract of 25-ton steel derrick boat with quarters to replace the old bucket dredge Saginaw-------- $110, 000. 00 Construct concrete coal storage bin at Grand Haven Supply Depot by contract-- -------------------------------------- 12, 492. 00 Outstanding liabilities (repairs of plant) -------------------- 13, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies 209. 72 1-------------------------- .--.- Total for maintenance___* 67,201. 72 Grand total------- ------------------------------- 557, 201. 72 The available funds will be practically exhausted or obligated by June 30, 1931. The section of the south concrete caisson breakwater which was wrecked by the unusually severe storm of October 22-23, 1929, should be rebuilt as soon as funds are available. The placing of small rip- rap to " chink " the voids in the large riprap around the new break- waters should be completed as soon as possible to make the structures safe from further damage. Dredging is required annually for main- tenance of project dimensions of channel. The additional amount of $428,500 can, therefore, be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: New work : Practically complete the furnishing and placing of small riprap around the breakwaters, 30,000 tons, at $3-------------------- $90, 000 Rebuild the damaged section of caisson breakwater-------------- 300, 000 Engineering and contingencies---------------------------------- 25, 000 Total for new work--------------------------------------415, 000 Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunree, 10 days, at $350------ 3,51)0 Repairs to concrete superstructures on old breakwater and harbor entrance piers ----------------------------------------------- 8, 500 Engineering and contingencies---------------------------------- 1, 500 Total for maintenance 500 1--------------------- Grand total------------------------------------------------28, 500 Commercial stctistics.--The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was coal, lumber, and other forest products, grain and grain products, salt, building materials, automobiles, and unclassified commodities. The usual limit of draft for car-ferry traffic, comprising about 28 per cent of the total traffic, was 16.5 feet. For other than car-ferry traffic the limits of draft were as follows: Coal (51 per cent), 20 feet; grain (4 per cent), 19 feet; other mis- cellaneous traffic (17 per cent), 16 to 18 feet. Comparative statement General vessel traffic Car-ferry traffic Calendar year Passengers Short tons Value Short tons 1 Value 1925 4, 871, 174 _..----------------------------. $169, 933, 000 2,036,637 $280, 068, 200 307, 342 1926---------....-------.............------------ 5, 456, 284 167, 412, 000 2, 081, 232 243, 727, 900 281,215 1927 .. . .. .. .... 5,979, 629 183, 791, 200 2, 253, 569 282, 934, 800 220, 809 --- 5, 571, 960 1928- . ... . .... ........------ 185, 007, 550 2, 412,834 329, 392, 100 240, 332 1929----------_ .------------- 6, 161, 567 192, 021, 500 2, 403, 296 294, 207, 300 279, 215 1 Exclusive of dead weight of cars. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1483 The increase of about 7 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year was due to increased receipts of coal and ship- ments of grain via general vessels. The decrease in valuation was due to decreased traffic, via car-ferry, of commodities having a high unit value. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-- ---------------------- $5, 244, 678. 78 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------- 1, 012, 604. 54 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 6, 257, 373.32 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------- 989, 545. 56 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-- --------------------- 7, 246, 918. 88 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------ --------- 56, 936. 81 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930-------------------7, 303, 855. 69 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------ 97, 803. 17 Net total expenditures ------------------------------ , 20, 052. 52 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------557, 201. 72 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 7, 763, 254. 24 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_----------- $337, 288. 19 $518, 523. 34 $567, 875. 99 $780, 212. 13 $1, 025, 160. 93 ---- Cost of maintenance--------...... 56, 163. 76 53, 075. 34 882, 666. 56 13, 358. 49 10, 767. 14 Total cost------------ ---- 393, 451. 95 571, 598. 68 1, 450, 542. 55 793, 570. 62 1, 035. 928. 07 Total expended_____ 393, 451. 95 571, 598. 68 1, 395. 527. 98 i 715, 131. 75 799, 421. 56 Allotted-- -__-_-_- - 801, 000.00 650,000.00 1, 097, 778. 88 460, 000. 00 775, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ___________ -_____________ $581, 623. 28 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930_____----- __-------- $140, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930---------------------------------- 395, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved Feb. 28, 1929 -------- 240, 000. 00 775, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for1-------------------------, 356, 623. 28 Gross amount expended ---------------------- 801, 714. 76 Less receipts from sales---------------------- 2, 293. 20 799, 421.56 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------ ----- __________ 557, 201. 72 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930- ------------- 32, 287.99 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts -------- 317, 532.21 349, 820. 20 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------------- 207, 381. 52 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930__--.- __-___-_______ ___ 56, 936. 81 IUnobligated balance available June 30, 1930 ------------- 264, 318. 33 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - - - - - - of existing project 1 415, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1484 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work ---------------------------------------- $415, 000. 00 For maintenance 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13, 500.00 Total ------------------- 428. 500. 00 14. RACINE HARBOR, WIS. Location and description.-This harbor is on the west shore of Lake Michigan, distant about 26 miles southerly from Milwaukee and about 64 miles northerly from Chicago. The harbor is at the mouth of Root River and consists of a basin having an area of about 50 acres, formed by inclosing a portion of Lake Michigan within breakwaters. The commercial harbor is located within the Root River, which has been dredged and is maintained by the munici- pality. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 7.) Original condition.-Some time prior to the beginning of improve- ment by the United States the citizens of Racine had built two paral- lel piers 160 feet apart of unknown length and had dredged a chan- nel between them 12 feet in depth. The original availability of the Root River for navigation is unknown. Previous project.-The original project was adopted by the citizens of Racine about 1842 or 1843. The citizens' project was modified by river and harbor acts as follows: June 23, 1866, March 3, 1899, and June 13, 1902. The cost and expenditures by the United States prior to the commencement of the existing project in 1907 are $427,- 239.97 for new work, $79,536.95 for maintenance, a total of $506,- 776.92. For further details of previous projects see page 1939 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for two breakwaters extending from the shore on either side of the mouth of Root River, 2,640 feet and 2,652 feet in length for the north and south breakwaters, respec- tively, and for a channel varying in width from 650 feet at the outer end to 200 feet at the river mouth, 19 feet deep; this channel extends from that depth in the lake a distance of 2,300 feet to the mouth of the river. The breakwaters are formed of stone-filled timber cribs, concrete caissons, and piling, all being capped with concrete superstructure. The project depth is referred to low-water, datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 17.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 11/2 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The original estimate for new work, made in 1909, was $649,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest revised estimate (1920) for the new work under existing project is $703,200, exclusive of inner 300 linear feet of pile pier and 450 linear feet of rubble mound, no longer considered necessary. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of mainrtenaice is $10,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 62, 59th Cong., 1st sess.), and modified Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1485 by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (Annual Report for 1909, p. 1973). For latest published rhap see Annual Report for 1914, page 2906. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of 5 coal wharves, with 3,485 feet frontage; 1 package-freight wharf, with 260 feet frontage; 1 lumber wharf, with 500 feet frontage; 2 fishing wharves, with 236 feet frontage, none of which are open to general public use. While these facilities are considered generally adequate for existing com- merce, there should be a publicly owned or controlled wharf with railroad and terminal facilities, open to all on equal terms. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal effect has been a stilling of the water in the river, with increased safety for vessels moored in the lower portion of the Root River. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of placing 1,502.2 tons of stone for riprap along the south break- water at a cost of $5,100.36. Soundings were taken at a cost of $639.96. Minor repairs to piers cost $2,427.06. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total cost was $8,167.38 for maintenance. The total net expenditures were $9,273.87. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was sub- stantially completed in 1924, at a saving of $50,180 under the esti- mated cost. The concrete superstructure on north breakwater and shore connection is showing considerable disintegration, but not to such an extent as to endanger the structures. The south breakwater and shore connection are in good condition except that the break- water needs riprapping. The controlling depth at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year was 19 feet over a minimum width of about 275 feet in midchannel through the outer harbor. The total costs of permanent work under the existing project are $653,020.04 for new work, $202,091.30 for maintenance, a total of $855,111.34. The total net expenditures under the existing project are $856,465.38. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year will be applied to maintenance as follows: Maintenance : Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 19 days, at $350, about August, 1930----------------------------------- $6, 650. 00 Riprap breakwater, 2,000 tons of stone, at $4, during the fiscal year--------------------------------------- --------------- 8, 000.00 Engineering and contingencies-------------------------- 888. 49 Total for maintenance-_ 15, 538. 49 __----------------------- The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. Dredging is required annually for maintenance of project dimen- sions of channel. The breakwaters require additional riprap. The additional sum of $12,500 can, therefore, be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Maintenance : Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 10 days, at $550--__, - $5, 500 Riprap breakwaters, 1,500 tons, at $4_---- ------- 6, 000 Engineering and contingencies_--- 1,000 Total for maintenance---- _,_------ ---- -- 12,500 1486 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The average cost of maintenance for the past five years was about "$10,900. The excess amount now required for maintenance is due to the necessity of riprapping the breakwaters. Commercial stattistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was coal and unclassified package freight. The usual limit of draft for vessels carrying coal, comprising about 93 per cent of the total tonnage, was 19 feet; that for package freight and for other miscellaneous traffic, 7 per cent, was 15 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1926- --------- 232, 847 $10, 818, 100 38, 086 1928-_-------- 281, 505 $7, 053, 000 35, 349 1926 _-------_ 249, 029 8, 527, 600 30, 737 1929 - - - - 359, 258 7, 899, 400 25, 127 1927---------- 256, 776 10, 416, 200 30, 799 The increase of about 24 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to increased receipts of coal. The in- crease in valuation was due to increased tonnage. Cost and financial sumrmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-............ $1, 080, 260. 01 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------- __________ _ 281, 628. 25 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 1, 361, 888. 26 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ----------- 44. 99 Net total cost to June 30, 1930------------------------1, 361, 933. 25 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------------- 1, 354. 04 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930------------------------ 1, 363, 287. 29 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_____________________ 44. 99 Net total expenditures--------------------------------- 1, 363, 242. 30 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------- 15, 538. 49 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 1, 378, 780. 79 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work...----------------------- Cost of maintenance_ ------------------ $54, 806. 94 $14, 057. 24 $4, 142. 50 $17, 182. 07 $8, 167. 38 Total expended__ ---- --- ..- .--- .---- -- . 54, 806. 94 14,057. 24 -50, 236. 49 20, 522.11 9, 273.87 Allotted..-------------------------- --------- ..-----... ------ ....... 31, 961.42 ------------ 14,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__. _____________________ $10, 812. 36 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930_--------------- ---------------- 14, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-------------------------------- 24, 812. 36 Gross amount expended _______ , 273. 87 9_________________ Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 _______________________ 15, 538. 49 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------------- 94. 99 Balance ,available June 30, 1930----------------------------15, 443. 50 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 1------------------------- 354. 04 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930_-------- __-16, 797. 54 .Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 • 12, 500.00 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1487 15. KENOSHA HARBOR, WIS. Location and description.-This harbor is on the west shore of Lake Michigan, distant about 35 miles southerly from Milwaukee and about 54 miles northerly from Chicago. It is at the mouth of Pike Creek and consists of an interior basin having an area of about 8 acres and a channel protected by parallel piers extending there- from to deep water in Lake Michigan. The entrance channel is protected on the north by a detached breakwater. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 7.) Original condition.-Before beginning the improvement by the United States, certain improvements were made, apparently as early as 1844, but there is no available record as to the extent of the im- provements or by whom made. Pike Creek is a small stream and was not available for navigation. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852. This project was modified by subsequent river and harbor acts as follows: June 23, 1866, Septem- ber 19, 1890, March 3, 1899, and June 13, 1902. Total cost and ex- penditures prior to commencement of the existing project in 1907 are 453,839.49 for new work, $21,818.17 for maintenance, a total of $475,657.66. For further details of previous projects, see page 1939 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a detached breakwater 800 feet long, for two parallel piers about 250 feet apart, 1,077 and 1,872 feet in length for the north and south piers, respectively, and for a channel 200 feet wide, 19 feet deep; this channel extends from that depth in the lake a distance of 2,350 feet to an interior basin 18 feet deep. The breakwater is formed of stone-filled cribs; the piers are formed of stone-filled cribs and piling. The entire north pier, 75 feet of the south pier, and the entire breakwater are capped with concrete superstructure. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. These depths correspond to depths of 17.9 and 16.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 11/2 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1906, was $35,000 ex- clusive of anrounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $9,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the parallel piers, for 600 feet of breakwater, and for the present channel and basin dimensions (H. Doc. No. 328, 54th Cong., 2d sess., and H. Doc. No. 164, 55th Cong., 3d sess.) ; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for extending the breakwater 200 feet (H. Doc. No. 62, 59th Cong., 1st sess., and R. and H. Com. Doc No. 3, 59th Cong., 2d sess.). (For latest published map see Annual Report for 1903, p. 1863.) Recommended modifcation of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. 11714--ENG 1930----94 1488 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Terminal facilities.-The following wharves are not open to gen- eral public use: 1 coal wharf with 500 feet frontage, 1 lumber wharf with 530 feet frontage, 1 package-freight wharf with 140 feet front- age, 1 sand and gravel wharf with 300 feet frontage, 1 fishing wharf with 300 feet frontage. About 1,360 feet of revetment, built by the city of Kenosha along the north side of entrance channel and east side of basin, is used by the city as a coal wharf and by a transit com- pany shipping automobiles. More efficient use of existing terminals, the construction of 400 feet of revetment on the east side of the basin, and utilization of available frontage for development of additional terminals, particularly for the receipt of coal, is considered necessary to meet requirements of existing commerce and to better utilize the harbor facilities which have been provided by the Federal Govern- ment. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--The extension of the breakwater has somewhat diminished disturbances in the harbor during storms. The commerce has decreased somewhat in tonnage but has greatly increased in value since the completion of the project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging 48,209 cubic yards for restoration of project depth at a cost of $7,438.91. Emergency repairs to the north and south piers, including stone filling and paving, cost $23,523.12. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total cost was $30,962.03 for maintenance. The total net expenditures were $30,962.03. Condition at end of fisoal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1909. The north pier was completed in 1895, the south pier and dredging in 1900, and the breakwater in 1909. The timber super- structure on south pier was badly damaged by storms last year and was extensively repaired. The controlling depths at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year were 19 feet in the channel be- tween the piers and 18 feet over about three-quarters of the basin. The total costs of permanent work under the existing project are $40,553.04 for new work, $247,432.41 for maintenance, a total of $287,985.45. The total net expenditures under the existing project are $287,985.45. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year will be applied to maintenance as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 11 days, at $550, about April, 1931----------------------------------------- $6, 050. 00 Riprap and fill piers and breakwater, 1,500 tons of stone, at $4, during the fiscal year----------- ------- ----- 6, 000. 00 Minor repairs to piers during the fiscal year..-------------- 1, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies-----------------------------978. 66 Total ------ ------------------------ --- 14, 028. 66 The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. Dredging is required annually for maintenance of project dimen- sions of qhannel. The additional sum of $5,000 can, therefore, be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRIOT 1489 Maintenance : Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 8 days, at $550--------- $4, 400 Engineering and contingencies... 6----------------- Total ------------------------------------------------ 5, 000 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was automobiles, coal, sand, stone, and un- classified package freight. The usual limit of draft for vessels carrying automobiles, comprising about 15 per cent of the total ton- nage, was 17 feet; that for sand, 30 per cent, was 18 feet; that for package freight, 24 per cent, was 16.5 feet; that for coal and other miscellaneous traffic, 31 per cent, was 16 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925 -------------------- - 97, 368 $32, 138, 950 1928 --------------------- _ 52, 621 $20, 069, 100 1926.---------------- ---- 63, 710 25, 617, 900 1929 ....--------------------- 67, 347 11, 390, 600 1927--------------------- 85, 871 22,307, 900 The increase of about 28 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to increased receipts of coal, sand, and stone. The decrease in valuation was due to decreased traffic in commodities of high unit value. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------------------------- $494, 392. 53 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930- _____---------- - 269, 250. 58 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 7-63, 643. 11 Net total expenditures------ _------------- ----------------- 763, 643. 11 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------14, 028. 66 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 777, 671.77 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--------------------------------- Cost of maintenance ------------------ $25,804. 59 $8, 219.83 $4, 592.55 $296.96 $30, 962.03 Total expended.-------------------------- 26, 804.59 8, 219. 83 -6, 735. 24 505.88 30, 962.03 Allotted--------............---------------------8, 000.00 5,000.00 -5,235.64 6,000.00 33,600.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------------- $11, 390. 69 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------------------- $9, 600 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved February 28, 1929--------------------------- 24,000 33, 600.00 Amount to be accounted for--------------------------- 44, 990.69 Gross amount expended__ -------------------------------- 30, 962. 03 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 14, 028. 66 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June ----- -- -- - -- -- - -- - ----- ------ --- 30, 1932, for maintenance ---- 5, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1490 REPORT OF C0IEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 16.E ST. JOSEPH HARBOR, MICH. Location and description.-This harbor is located on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 60 miles from Chicago. The harbor is formed by the junction of the St. Joseph and Paw Paw Rivers, and extends from Lake Michigan along the city front of St. Joseph to the Benton Harbor Canal, and thence along the canal to Benton Harbor. The river enters Lake Michigan through a channel protected by piers and revetments. The nearest harbors are Michigan City Harbor, 36 miles to the south, and South Haven Harbor, 24 miles to the north. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 7, Lake Michigan.) Original condition.-The St. Joseph River made a sharp bend to the southwest, entering Lake Michigan about 1,200 feet from its present outlet through a narrow and crooked channel with depths of from 3 to 7 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved July 4, 1836, and was modified by the river and harbor acts approved June 23, 1866, March 3, 1875, June 14, 1880, and July 13, 1892. The cost and expenditures thereunder, prior to beginning work under the existing project in 1900, were $503,- 113.23 for maintenance and new work. (For further details of pre- vious projects see p. 1945 of Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for protecting the mouth of the St. Joseph River by two timber crib and pile piers and revetments, 250 to 325 feet apart at their inner and outer ends, respectively, hav- ing lengths of 2,854 feet on the north side and 2,603 feet on the south side; for an entrance channel 18 feet deep; for a channel 18 feet deep, 150 feet wide in the St. Joseph River, 3,500 feet along the city front, including a turning basin; and for a canal 15 feet deep, 100 feet wide, and 4,700 feet long, extending to Benton Harbor. The south pier for a length of 745 feet and the north pier and revetment for a length of 1,051 feet have been repaired with concrete .super- structure, and 500 feet of the south revetment has been repaired with rubble superstructure. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. These depths correspond to depths of 16.9 feet in the en- trance channel and river and 13.9 feet in the canal on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one- half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctua- tions of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1/2 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1897, Was $380,000 exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $17,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1875, provided for interior revet- ments (H. Doc. No. 160, 43d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of June 14, 1880, provided for the Benton Harbor Canal (Annual Report for 1880, pp. 2030, 2031, and 2049 to 2055); and the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the present dimensions of the piers and the remaining features of the existing project (H. Doc. No. 307, 55th Cong., 2d RIVERS AND HARBORS-MIILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1491 sess., and Annual Report for 1898, p. 2496). The latest published complete map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The regular boat line has a terminal con- nected with the electric-railway line. There are several privately owned wharves connected with steam railway lines, which are open to general use. Except for a few street ends there are no publicly owned wharves. While these facilities are generally adequate for existing traffic conditions, a public wharf open to all on equal terms should be acquired. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--The improvement has provided better facilities for shipping manufactured and agricultural products and for carrying passengers, especially in the summer resort season. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging 116,985 cubic yards for restoration of project depth, at a cost of $15,218.70. Minor repairs to piers and revetments cost $3,387.46. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total cost was $18,606.16, for maintenance. The total net expenditures were $12,097.91. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1907 at a saving of $76,906 under the estimated cost. Pier construction was completed in 1904 and dredging in 1907. The timber superstructure on the north entrance pier was so badly dam- aged by storms last fall that it must be rebuilt. The superstructure on south pier is in poor condition. The controlling depths below low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year were 18 feet over entrance bar and in the channel to Benton Harbor Canal and .15 feet in Benton Harbor Canal. The total costs of permanent work under the existing project are $303,093.38 for new work, $370,608.86 for maintenance, a total of $673,702.24. The total net expenditures under the existing project are $667,349.39. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 20 days, at $550, about May, 1931------- -------------------------------------- $11, 000. 00 Minor repairs to piers and revetments where damaged by storms in 1929---- ------------------------------------------ 4, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies_--------------------- 2, 044. 96 Total_----- ---------------------- ------ 17, 044. 96 The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, "1931. Dredging is required annually for maintenance of project dimen- sions.of channel. The north pier requires repairs as soon as funds are available. The additional sum of $155,000 can, therefore, be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Maintenance : Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 20 days, at $550-------- $11, 000 Rebuild superstructure on 1,452 linear feet of north pier at $75 -- 108, 990 Rebuild superstructure on 350 linear feet of north pier at $70 -. 24, 500 Engineering and contingencies --------------------------------- 10, 600 Total ___--------------------------------------------------- 155, 000 1492 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY,, 1.930 The average cost of maintenance for the past 5 years was $25,800. The excess amount now required is due to the necessity of rebuilding superstructure on the north pier. Commercial statistics.--The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was fruit, crushed stone, and unclassified package freight. The usual limit of draft for vessels carrying crushed stone, comprising about 20 per cent of the total tonnage, was 18 feet; that for fruit (33 per cent) and that for package freight and the remaining miscellaneous traffic (47 per cent), was 15 feet. The Chicago, Benton Harbor, and South Haven Transit Co. aban- doned operations to this harbor. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925 ----... 65, 414 $12, 128, 750 ---...... 141,442 1928---------. 28, 245 $4, 387, 100 78, 761 1926.......... 77, 510 7, 146, 750 118, 869 1929----------- 26, 424 4, 895, 500 82, 951 1927..........36, 211 4, 945, 900 77, 965 The decrease of about 61/2 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year was due to decreased shipments of fruit. The increase in valuation was due to increased shipments of commodities having a higher unit value than fruit. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ____-- _________ - _____ $806, 206. 61 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------- ----- 370, 608. 86 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------_ 1,176, 815.47 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 _________ 155. 40 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ___,________ 1. 176, 970. 87 -_________ Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930----------------- --------- 6, 508. 25 Net total expenditures-__ ...... -______ _________ 1, 170,462.62 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_________________________1_ 17, 044. 96 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 -------------- 1, 187, 507. 58 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ......... . .............-... .... Cost of maintenance--.......-------------- $18, 485. 81 $10, 414. 93 $40, 211. 47 $7, 347.95- $18, 606. 16 Total expended.... .... _........__ 18,485.81 10, 414.93 32,936. 12 7, 855.21 12, 097. 91 Allotted.' . .. ................. - . 16, 000. 00 69, 000. 00 -11,804. 62 7, 000. 00 5, 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------- $23, 642.87 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930- -------------------------------------- 10, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for-------------------------------34, 142. 87 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment___ ------------ 5, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for---------------------- 29, 142. 87 Gross amount expended__ ---------------------------------- 12, 097. 91 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------------7, 044.96 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1493 --------------------- Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--______ $6, 508. 25 Balance available June 30, 1930-------- 536. 71 1------10, Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30. 1932, for maintenance 1______--________---__________ 155,000. 00 17. SOUTH HAVEN HARBOR, MICH. Location and description.-This harbor is located on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 77 miles from Chicago, and consists of the lower part of Black River, which flows into the lake through a chan- nel protected by revetments and piers. The city of South Haven is situated on both banks of the river. The nearest harbors are St. Joseph Harbor, 24 miles to the south, and Saugatuck Harbor, 22 miles to the north. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 7, Lake Michigan.) Originalcondition.-In 1866 the river had a width of 85 feet and was protected at its mouth by piers extending into the lake, diverg- ing at an angle of 30 ° to widen the entrance; the banks of the river for 500 feet on each side had a rough protection of close piling. The depth between the piers was 7 feet, and on the bar, about 750 feet from the entrance, from 9 to 10 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1867, and was modified by the river and harbor acts approved June 14, 1880, August 2, 1882, and August 11, 1888. The cost and expenditures thereon prior to begin- ning work under the existing project in 1911 were $318,472.25, of which $187,232.83 was for new work and $131,239.42 was for main- tenance. For further details of previous projects, see page 1947 of Annual Report for 1915. Existinq project.-This provides for protecting the mouth of Black River by two piers and revetments, 200 to 170 feet apart, with lengths of 2,143 feet and 2,182 feet for the north and south sides; re- spectively; for an entrance channel 19 feet deep and 120 feet wide to the mouth of the river; thence a channel 17 feet deep and 90 feet wide extending up the river to a turning basin, 300 feet wide, located immediately below the bridge. The length of channel between en- trance piers is 2,200 feet and in the river to the bridge 2,600 feet, a total length of 4,800 feet. The piers and revetments are formed of timber cribs and piling, 962 feet of the south pier having been repaired with concrete superstructure. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake 'Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. These depths correspond to depths of 17.9 and 15.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one- half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctua- tions of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 11/ feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost of new work, made in 1903, was $279,370, ex- clusive of the amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1494 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The existing project was aethorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 11, 1888, provided for the channel from the inner end of the piers to the highway bridge, and the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the remaining features of the existing project (H. Doc. No. 119, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). This document con- tains the latest published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved March 3, 1905, required the establishment of dock lines and the building of bulkheads on these lines by the city or riparian owners and the donation of the property on the channel side of the dock lines to the Unitel States. These requirements were complied with in 1910 at a cost of $35,000; 2,640 feet of revetment were built and the required land deeded to the United States in 1910. Terminal facilities.-The regular boat line has a terminal with railroad connections. There are several privately owned wharves, in very poor condition, with railroad connection, which are open to general use. The city has constructed a municipal wharf and ware- house which is open to the general public on like terms for like service. The facilities are ample for the existing small traffic. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvemen,t.-The benefits to commerce are local, giv- ing direct communication with Chicago for three or four months each year, for the transportation of fruit and general merchandise, and for the summer-resort business. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging 67,053 cubic yards for restoration of project depth at a cost of $11,178.91. Minor repairs to piers and revetments cost $5,594.30. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total cost was $16,773.21 for maintenance. The total net expenditures were $12,850.88. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913 at a saving of $117,351 under the estimated cost. The dredging was completed in 1912 and the extensions to the piers in 1913. A portion of the superstructure on the north pier and revet- ment is being rebuilt in concrete. The controlling depths below low- water datum at the close of the fiscal year were 19 feet on the en- trance bar and in the channel between the piers and 17 feet in the river. The total cost of permanent work under the existing project are $162,018.74 for new work, $263,006.70 for maintenance, a total of $425,025.44. The total net expenditures under the existing project are $421,103.11. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year will be applied to maintenance as follows: Maintenance-- Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 15 days, at $550, about June, 1931----------------------------------------------- $8, 250. 00 Complete rebuilding superstructure on 806 linear feet of north pier (1930) ---- ----------------------------------- 48, 000. 00 Complete reinforcing substructure and rebuilding superstructure on 518 linear feet of north pile revetment with United States plant, about July-October, 1930 ------------------------- 25, 500. 00 Minor repairs to piers and revetments ---------------------- 2, 000. 00 Engineering and cont:ngencies_ -------- --------------- 8, 636.28 Total_____ __ _----------- ------ _ ------------------------- 92, 386. 28 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1495 The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. Dredging is required annually for maintenance of project dimen- sions of channel. The additional sum of $13,500 can, therefore, be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows : Maintenance : Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 20 days, at $550 .______$11, 000 Minor repairs to piers and revetment ---------- 1, 000 Engineering and contingencies ------------------------- - 1, 500 Total------------------------------------------- 13, 500 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was building materials, pianos and furniture, china clay, and unclassified package freight. The usual limit of draft for vessels carrying china clay, comprising about 34 per cent of the total tonnage was 14 feet; that for building materials, 8 per cent, 10 feet; that for pianos and furniture, 12 per cent, and that for package freight and the remaining miscellaneous traffic, 46 per cent, 15 feet. The Chicago, Benton Harbor, and South Haven Transit Co. abandoned operations to this harbor. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925-... ....-. 12, 399 $2, 259, 800 52, 669 1928 ._._- _ 21, 629 $2, 193, 500 88, 542 1926- .- -..... 15, 970 1, 731,200 .58, 996 1929--..------- 9, 547 2, 198, 100 71,069 1927 ........ 16,766 3,140, 200 115, 334 The decrease of about 56 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to no receipts of wood pulp, decreased receipts of china clay and building materials, and decreased ship- ments of fruit. The small increase in valuation was due to increased shipments of pianos and radios, which are of high unit value. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_.---- ________ $349, 251. 57 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_---. _________________ 394, 246. 12 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-_____-_____ 743, 497. 69 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---------- 4, 889. 68 Net total cost to June 30, 1930--- ____ _______________ 748, 387. 37 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------- 8,812. 01 Net total expenditures--____________-_________ 739, 575. 36 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------.. __--------92, 386.28 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------831, 961. 64 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work Cost of maintenance- ------------- _- $14, 993. 48 $4, 920. 12 $6, 831. 96 $8, 325. 10 $16, 773. 21 Total expended__------------------- 14, 993.48 4,920.12 4, 143. 23 8, 593.85 12,850.88 Allotted................................. 12,000. 001 12,000.00 3, 861.64 10, 000. 00 87, 500.00 1496 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 _ -___---------__--- $17,737. 16 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------- 90, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for______ ______------___107, 737. 16 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment__--- 2, 500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------105, 237. 16 Gross amount expended_------___ __ -- ______-____ ____ 12, 850. 88 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----___- ____-________ 92, 386.28 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------- 17, 756. 62 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------------74, 629. 66 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance -------------- 13, 500. 00 18. SAUGATUCK HARBOR AND KALAMAZOO RIVER, MICH. Location and description.-Thisharbor is located on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 90 miles from Chicago. The nearest har- bors are South Haven Harbor, 19 miles to the south, and Holland Harbor, 7 miles to the north. The harbor is at the mouth of the Kalamazoo River, and consists of a dredged channel extending up- stream about 2 miles to Kalamazoo Lake, an enlargement of the river less than a mile long; the portion of the channel in Lake Michigan is protected by parallel piers. Kalamazoo River has a drainage area of about 2,064 square miles, a short period of high water, and mod- erate current in the 8-mile navigable portion between Saugatuck and New Richmond, which has a width of from 100 to 150 feet be- tween banks, and a navigable depth of about 3 feet. At Trowbridge Dam, 6 miles above Allegan, drainage area 1,471 square miles, the discharge in second-feet at low and high water varied from about 100 to 10,260, respectively, for the years 1901-1907. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 7, Lake Michigan.) Originalcondition.-The river originally flowed into Lake Michi- gan about 4,000 feet south of the present mouth. Prior to 1867 the mouth of the river had been improved by local enterprise with slab piers, 200 feet apart, extending into Lake Michigan, the north pier being 500 feet long and the south pier 1,575 feet long. The channel depth varied from 5 to 7 feet. At this time the river was navigable for small steamers, and there was a daily line of boats from the mouth to Allegan, a distance of about 50 miles. Previous projects.-This original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved July 25, 1868, and was modified by the river and harbor act of July 11, 1870. The cost and expenditures thereon prior to the commencement Qf work under the existing project in 1904 were $207,785.92, of which $90,231.99 was for new work and $117,553.93 for maintenance. For further details of previous proj- ects see page 1947 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel between parallel piers, 200 feet apart, having lengths of 2,778 feet and 2,514 feet for the north and south piers, respectively, and for a channel 16 feet deep extending from that depth in Lake Michigan to the mouth 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1497 of the river, thence 14 feet deep, 90 feet wide in the Kalamazoo River up to Saugatuck, a distance of 9,700 feet; this channel to be main- tained until November, 1916. The piers are formed of timber cribs and piling. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. These depths correspond to depths of 14.9 and 12.9 feet on the Lake Survey Chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure of about 11/2 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1910, was $286,000,. exclusive of the amount expended on previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $9,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the entrance channel (H. Doc. No. 192, 54th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for deepening the entrance to 16 feet; and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the depth of 14 feet in the river (H. Doc. No. 635, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 608, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-Legislation authorizing the abandonment of the project has been recommended in House Document No. 292, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session. Local cooperation.-Therewere no conditions imposed by law as to cooperation. The land between Lake Michigan and the river re- quired for the entrance channel for the new harbor was deeded to the United States free of charge on February 15, 1904. Terminal facilities.-At the village of Saugatuck there are several landing places for small steamboats and one for translake boats. At the village of Douglas there is a steamboat pier. The terminal facilities are available for general use and are adequate for the exist- ing traffic. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The benefits to commerce are entirely local, mainly through the shipment of fruit and vegetables, and the summer-resort business. A line of passenger boats to Chicago is operated during the summer season. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operationsconsisted of taking soundings by hired labor and use of Government plant at a cost of $419.64, which was the total cost for maintenance. The total net expenditures were $419.64. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1911 at a saving of $11,705 under the estimated cost. Pier construction and dredging between the piers was completed in 1908; dredging in the river was completed in 1911. The superstructure on the outer 100 feet of each pier was rebuilt in 1928; the condition of the remaining timber superstructure on the north pier and revetment is very bad, and on the south pier and revetment is poor. The con- trolling depths below low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year were 16 feet on the entrance bar and in the channel between the piers, and 14 feet for about one-half mile up the river. The total costs of permanent work under the existing project are $274,294.80 for new 1498 BEPORT OF C IEP OF ENGINBEES, U. S. ARMY, 1930 work, $132,735.32 for maintenance, a total of $407,030.12. The total net expenditures under existing project are $407,030.12. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended, $122.96, will be applied to soundings and care and superintendence during the fiscal years 1931 and 1932. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, since the small commerce making use of the improvement does not justify further expenditure. 6Comnmercial statistisc.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was fruit and vegetables and unclassified pack- age freight. The usual limit of draft for vessels carrying this commerce was 13 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925 ......---------- 2,214 $546,700 8,044 1928 -- 1,455 $63, 600 3, 684 .... 192 8---------- 158 35, 000 7, 759 1929_- ... .. 840 103, 900 2, 013 1927_---.... 12 3,750 .. The decrease of about 42 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to no receipts of sand and stone. The increase in valuation was due to increased shipments of fruit and vegetables which are of higher unit value than sand and stone. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------------$364, 526. 79 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1960--------------------------250, 289. 25 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 614, 816. 04 Net total expenditures---------------------------------------- 614, 816. 04 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 122.96 Total amount appropriated to June 30. 1930--------------- 614, 939.90 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .------ I--------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance ------------------- _ __ _ $4,671.06 $207. 11 $11,754. 52 $12, 765.35 $419.64 Total expended.. 4,671.06 207.11 729.11 23,790.761 419.64 Allotted . - - - - 15,000.00 8,500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__ ______________----_____-_ $542.60 Gross amount expended__________ _____ ____----- 419. 64 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ______- ________----------122. 96 19. HOLLAND HARBOR. MICH. Location and d escription.-This harbor is located on the east shgre of Lake Michigan about 94 miles from Chicago, and consists of Black Lake, about 5 miles long, with a general width of from 1,000 to 3,000 feet and depth of 16 feet or more, and a channel about one-half mile long between piers and revetments, extending into Lake Michi- gan. The nearest harbors are Saugatuck Harbor, 7 miles. to the RIVERS AND HARBORS---MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1499 south, and Grand Haven Harbor, 20 miles to the north. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 7, Lake Michigan.) Original condition.-Prior to about 1860 the natural outlet into Lake Michigan was through a narrow and shallow channel at the northwest corner of the lake. When improvement was begun by the United States in 1867 there existed a narrow artificial channel 51/ feet deep between piers of irregular cribwork built by local interests. Navigation extends about 5 miles to the head of Black Lake. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved August 30, 1852, and was modified by the river and harbor acts approved June 23, 1866; March 3, 1873: March 3, 1879; July 5, 1884; and July 13, 1892. The cost and expenditures thereunder prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1899 were $304,217.30, $176,619.80 for new work, and $127,597.50 for maintenance. For further details of previous proj- ects see page 1948 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for protecting the outlet of the channel from Black Lake by extending the converging entrance piers to shore, the extensions for the north and south piers being 500 and 700 feet, respectively, making the total length of the north pier 1,250 feet and that of the south pier 1,500 feet, the distance between them being 300 feet at the outer end and 950 feet at the shore line; for removing the existing pile pier connections between the entrance and the inner piers; for inner piers along the channel from Black Lake about 180 feet apart, 1,755 feet and 1,639 feet long for the north and south piers, respectively; and for dredging a channel 20 feet deep from that depth in Lake Michigan to the shore line and thence 18 feet deep and 150 feet wide to the wharves of the city of Holland, with a turning basin of the same depth and 400 feet wide at the inner end. The total length of the dredged channel at the harbor entrance is 3,000 feet and that of the channel in the upper part of Black Lake is 11,200 feet, the total distance from .the outer end of the channel to the wharves at Holland being 5.4 miles. The piers and revetments are built of timber cribs and piling, 1,755 feet of the north revetment having been repaired with concrete superstructure. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York These depths correspond to depths of 18.9 and 16.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a tempo- rary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 11/2 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost of new work, made in 1930, was $504,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $14,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 30, 1852, provided for an artificial channel between Black Lake and Lake-Michigan-; the act of March 2, 1867, provided for piers and revetments to protect the channel (Annual Report for 1866, pp. 106 to 109); the act of March 3, 1899, 1500 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, J. S. ARMY, 1930 provided for extending the inner piers (H. Doc. No. 272, 54th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the con- verging piers (Annual Report for 1905, p. 2176); and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for extending the converging piers to shore and for the present channel dimensions. (H. Doc. No. 588, 69th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.--The regular boat line has two terminals on the south side of Black Lake, one at the city of.Holland, the other near the west end of the lake. There is a private wharf at Holland which is open to general use. The wharves at Holland are connected with the steam railway. There are no public or municipal wharves. The terminals are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see" H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal benefit to commerce is increased facilities for shipping general merchandise and for sn- mer-resort passenger business. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging 2,2,782 cubic yards for restoration of project depth at a cost of $3,296.32. The repairing of substructure and rebuilding of superstructure, in concrete, on 1,344 linear feet of north pier and revetment, in progress at the close of the previous fiscal year, was completed at a cost of $47,502.77. Minor repairs to piers and revet- ments cost $1,885.33. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total cost was $52,684.42 for maintenance. The total net expenditures were $45,350.60. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project in effect prior to the modification of July 3, 1930, is completed. The dredging was com- pleted in 1909 and the pier construction in 1910. No work has been done on the last modification of the project. The north revetment% which had been wrecked by storms in two places, has been repaired and provided with concrete superstructure. The remainder of the piers and revetments require repairs. The controlling depth at low- water datum at the close of the fiscal year was 18 feet on the entrance bar and in the channel between the inner piers. The total costs of permanent work under the existing project are $315,007.99 for new work, $342,023.09 for maintenance, a total of $657,031.08. The total net expenditures under the existing project are $653,993.78. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 27 days, at $550, about -------------------------------- July, 1930, and June, 1931__ $14, 850.00 Minor repairs to piers and revetments during the fiscal year__. 1, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies_-------_-------------_ 968. 46 Total for maintenance ------------------------------------ 16, 818. 46 The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponiement of new work on RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1501 the project. Dredging is required annually for maintenance of project dimensions of channel. The additional sum of $10,000 can, therefore, be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Maintenance : Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 15 days, at $550------ $8, 250 Minor repairs to piers and revetments_--------------- _- -- 1,040 Engineering and contingencies_-------------------------------- 750 Total for maintenance---------------------------------- 10, 000 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was furniture, drugs, building materials, and unclassified package freight. The usual limit of draft for ves- sels carrying building materials, comprising about 40 per cent of the total tonnage, was 16 feet; that for the remaining miscellaneous traffic (60 per cent) was 15 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925.- - 50, 661 $13,177, 000 24, 647 1928 _- - 41, 583 $9, 513,000 11,081 1926_ -- 47,694 8, 497, 000 17, 095 1929 40, 197 6, 477,300 9, 580 1927 _ 60,426 9,447, 600 14, 033 The decrease of about 31/2 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to decreased shipments of furniture and unclassified package freight and no receipts of wood pulp which was partially offset by increased receipts of building mate- rials. The decrease in valuation was due to decreased tonnage and to decreased traffic in commodities having a high unit value. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------- $491, 627. 79 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----___________________469, 620. 59 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---___--____ 961, 248. 38 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ------------ 205. 74 Net total cost to June 30, 1930__-- ______------- -__ __ 961, 454. 12 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------3, 243. 04 Net total expenditures ----------------------------- 958, 211. 08 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ----------- --- -- 16, 818.46 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_----- -__-___975, 029. 54 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-- Cost of maintenance.-------------------$i2088. 79 $i9,673.20 $18, 468. 70 $18, 219. 11 $52,684. 42 Total expended--------------------------- 12, 088.79 29, 673.20 -12, 517.11 22,664. 86 45,350.60 Allotted---------------------------------- 22,000.00 47,000.00 -30, 836.58 80,000.00 -16,000.00 15 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 1929-------------------------------- $78, 169. 06 Balance unexpended July 1., Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930- ------------------------------------------------ 10,000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-------------------------------- 88, 169. 06 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-----------------26, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------- - 62, 169. 06 Gross amount expended----------------------------------------- 45, 350. 60 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------- 16, 818.46 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_ -------- 3, 243. 04 Balance available June 30, 1930--- ------------------------ 13, 575.42 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 189, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending- -June - - 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 10, 000. 00 20. GRAND HAVEN HARBOR AND GRAND RIVER, MICH. Location and description.-This project is located on the east shore of Lake Michigan at the mouth of and in the lower portion of the Grand River. The harbor consists of an entrance channel protected by approximately parallel piers and revetments and a channel in Grand River extending from Lake Michigan about 21/2 miles up the river to the railway bridge at Ferrysburg. Grand River rises in Jackson County, flows northward to Lansing, thence northwest- ward, and finally westward into Lake Michigan at Grand Haven, with a total length of about 300 miles. It has a drainage area of 5,572 square miles and a total fall of about 350 feet. The section included in the project, about 17 miles from Bass River to the mouth, has a sluggish current, with a fall at low water of about 0.7 foot to Lake Michigan; the average width in the 23 miles just below Grand Rapids is about 400 feet and in the lower 17 miles about 600 feet. The discharge at low and high water varies from about 730 to 56,000 second-feet, respectively. High water occurs in the spring months and low water in the summer and fall months. The harbor is about 107 miles from Chicago and 84 miles from Milwaukee. The nearest harbors are Holland Harbor, 20 miles to the south, and Muskegon Harbor, 12 miles to the north. (See U. S. Lake Survey Charts Nos. 765, 76, and 7, Lake Michigan and U. S. G. S. Grand Rapids quadrangle.) Original condition.-The natural depth at the mouth of the river varied from 9 to 12 feet, with greater depths up the harbor to the town of Grand Haven. The width of this channel was variable and uncertain. The south bank was protected by a pile revetment and pile pier extending into Lake Michigan, having a total length of 3,185 feet, built in 1857 by the Detroit & Milwaukee Railroad Co. The depth over bar crossings in the river above Grand Haven was 11/2 feet at extreme low water. At an early day a regular line of steamboats operated between Lyons (about 36 miles in a direct line east of Grand Rapids) and Gran :Haven, making a portage at Grand Rapids, where there was a drop in the river, forming rapids. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--ILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1503 Previous projects.-None for the harbor. The original project for the river was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1881. A new project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved June 3, 1896, and was modified by the river and harbor act approved June 13, 1902. The total cost and expenditures prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1905 were $324,756.60, of which $311,329.15 was for new work and $13,- 427.45 for maintenance. For further details of previous project see page 1949 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for protecting the mouth of the river by piers and revetments, 415 apart at the entrance, dimin- ishing to 390 feet inside, about 3,569 and 5,549 feet in length for the north and south sides, respectively, and for a channel 23 feet deep and generally 300 feet wide and 1,500 feet long from that depth in the lake to a point about 1,000 feet inside the pier ends; thence 21 feet deep and 300 feet wide and 11/4 miles long to the car-ferry slip, with an enlargement at the upper end; thence 21 feet deep and 200 feet wide and 11/4 miles long from the car-ferry slip to the Grand Trunk Railway bridge at Ferrysburg; and thence 8 feet deep at low-water datum and 100 feet wide and 143/4 miles long to Bass River, the total length of channel being about 171/2 miles. The piers and revetments are built of timber cribs and piling, 2,137 feet of the north side and 2,796 feet of the south side having been provided with concrete superstructure. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1930, was $785,300. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $21,500. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. These depths correspond to depths of 21.9, 19.9, and 6.9 feet on the Lake Survey charts of this locality. The fluctuations of water level in the harbor are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 11/2 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 23, 1866, as amended by the acts of June 14, 1880, September 19, 1890, and July 13, 1892, provided for the piers and revetments; the act of June 3, 1896, provided for a channel 100 feet wide in the river from Grand Rapids to Grand Haven (H. Doc. No. 197, 52d Cong., 1st sess.); the act of June 13, 1902, extended the channel in the river one-half mile upstream to Fulton Street, Grand Rapids (Annual Report for 1903, p. 510); the act of March 3, 1905, provides for a depth of 6 feet in the river channel (H. Doc. No. 216 58th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of July 3, 1930, consolidated the projects for the harbor and river, and authorized the present dimensions of the channel, eliminating all that portion of the river above Bass River (S. Doc. No. 88, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 3, 1980, adopts the modified project for the harbor and river subject to the 11714---ENG 1930---95 1504 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 condition that "local interests furnish, without cost to the United States, suitable areas for spoil disposal." No spoil areas are re- quired above the Grand Trunk Railway bridge and none will be required for the work below the bridge as it is proposed to dump all material from this latter section into Lake Michigan. There- fore no areas will be required for spoil disposal. Terminal facilitie.--The two regular boat lines and a sand and gravel company have terminals with rail connections; a car-ferry slip provides for translake car service. Fish tugs and other small vessels have landing places along the river. The public has a limited use of the water front at the ends of several streets in Grand Haven. The terminal facilities are adequate for the existing com- merce except that there should be a public wharf in Grand Haven for transfer between rail and water. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of impovement.--The improvement is of benefit to inter- state commerce, due to the operation between Grand Haven and Milwaukee of a line of car ferries by the Grand Trunk Railway. The through-rail and car-ferry service is an advantage to commerce, furnishing quicker transportation, although the carload rates are the same as by the longer routes around Lake Michigan. The regu- lar boat lines to Chicago and Milwaukee, in connection with the motor-bus line, gives direct and prompt service to Grand Rapids and other interior points. The portion of the river above Ferrys- burg provides transportation for sand and gravel from the vicinity of Bass River to Ferrysburg, from which place it is taken to various Lake Michigan harbors in large vessels. Operationsand results dwring fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging 102,818 cubic yards below the car-ferry slip for restora- tion of 18 feet depth at a cost of $18,523.62, and 140,408 cubic yards in the river above the Grand Trunk Railway bridge to restore 6 feet depth at a cost of $13,399.37. The building of concrete super- structure on 613 linear feet of the south pier, in progress at the close of the fiscal year, cost $28,248.20. Repairs to the remainder of.the south pier cost $9,249.99. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total cost was $69,421.18, for main- tenance. The total net expenditures were $59,831.83. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The projects in effect prior to the modification of July 3, 1930, were completed as follows: That for the harbor in 1906 at a saving of $261,389 under the estimated cost and that for dredging the river is completed except for 5,400 linear feet of channel within the city limits of Grand Rapids, which has been dredged to project depth but with width of only 40 to 90 feet. No work has been done on the last modification and consolida- tion of these projects, which makes Bass River the new head of this improvement. The outer portions of the piers and portions of the revetments have been provided with concrete superstructure. The remaining portions of the piers and revetments require repairs and stone filling. The controlling depth at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year was 20 feet to the car-ferry slip, thence 18 feet in a narrow channel to the Grand Trunk Railway bridge, RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1505 thence 6 feet to Bass River. The total costs of permanent work under the existing project are $666,848.75 for new work, $1,137,091.24 for maintenance, a total of $1,803,939.99. The total net expenditures under the existing project are $1,795,906.85. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Maintenance : Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 27 days, at $550, about November, 1930, and April, 1931_----------------- $14, 850.00 Operation of U. S. bucket dredge Sagina/w, 110 days, at $100, July, 1930, and April-June, 1931_ ------------------------ 11, 000. 00 Complete reinforcing substructure and rebuilding superstruc- ture on 613 linear feet of inner end of south revetment with U. S. plant in 1930----------------------------------6, 000. 00 Minor repairs to piers and revetments---------------------1, 000. 00 Stone for backfill of south revetment, 1,000 tons of stone at $4.50, during the fiscal year----------------------------4, 500. 00 Engineering and contingencies---------------------------- 2, 661. 37 Total for maintenance-------------------------------- 40, 011. 37 The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. Dredging to deepen the channel below the Grand Trunk Railway bridge authorized by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, should be done as soon as funds are available so vessels can load to full capacity. Dredging is required also for maintenance of old dimensions of channel until the new dimensions can be provided. The additional sum of $62,500 can, therefore, be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: New work : Dredging to project dimensions, channel between car-ferry slip and Grand Trunk Railway bridge and some widening and deep- ening of channel below car-ferry slip, including engineering and contingencies ----------------------------------------- $40, 000 Maintenance: Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 20 days, at $550-------- 11, 000 Operation of U. S. bucket dredge Saginaw, 80 days, at $100------- 8, 000 Minor repairs to piers and revetments-------------- ---------- 1, 000 Engineering and contingencies----------------------------- 2,500 Total for maintenance------------------- --------- ----- 22, 500 Grand total-------- ----------------------------------- 62, 500 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was coal, grain, sand and gravel, automobiles and parts, lumber and forest products, and unclassified commodi- ties. The usual limits of draft for vessels using Grand Haven Harbor were as follows: Car-ferry traffic comprising about 55 per cent of the total traffic, 16.5 feet; for other than car-ferry traffic the limits of draft were, sand and gravel (19 per cent), 17 feet; un- classified package freight and the remaining miscellaneous traffic (3 per cent), 15 feet. The usual limit of draft for the vessels en- gaged in the sand and gravel business on Grand River, comprising about 23 per cent of the total traffic, was 6 feet. 1506 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Comparative statement Grand Haven Harbor Grand River Total for harbor and Grand Calendar General vessel Car-ferry traffi General vessel river Haven year traffic -ferrytraffic Harbor _year_ passen- gers Short Short Short Short Short Value Short Value Value Value tons tons 1 tons tons 1925 .......... 145, 306 $23,870, 270 808, 352 $185, 910, 430 149, 780 $74, 900 1, 103, 438 $209, 855, 600 52, 893 1926---------.......... 168, 988 18, 685, 200 802,085 154, 918,550 179,227 89,610 1,150,300 173,693,360 51,749 1927- .....-- . 223, 238 16, 156, 850 1,015, 664 196, 311,900 252, 172 189, 100 1, 491,074 212, 657, 850 42, 292 ......... 1928------- 245,364 18, 267, 000 1,128, 539 229, 648, 700 323, 539 165,000 1, 697, 442 248, 080, 700 33, 733 ......... 1929------- 395, 042 19, 444, 300 999,335 183, 027,700 410,490 303, 800 1,804,867 202, 775,800 38, 701 1 Exclusive of dead weight of cars. The increase of about 1 /2 per cent in tonnage of the harbor, com- pared to that of the preceding year, was due to increased receipts and shipments of sand and gravel by general vessels which was partially offset by decreased traffic via car-ferry steamers. The de- crease in valuation was due to decreased traffic in commodities having a high unit value via car-ferry steamers. The increase of about 27 per cent in tonnage on the river, com- pared to that of the preceding year, was due to increased traffic of sand and gravel. The increase in valuation was due to increased tonnage and to increased unit value. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 -------------------------- $978, 177. 90 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------ __-_____ 1, 150, 518. 69 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_--__- - 2, 128, 696. 59 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930- ___-- __- 4, 168. 77 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-------- __----- - 2, 132, 865. 36 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ------ __- __-- ---- __ 146. 12 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930------------- ------- 2, 133, 011.48 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-- ----------------------- 12, 348. 03 Net total expenditures---------------- ------- 2, 120, 663.45 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 _----- --- 40, 011. 37 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 --------, . 2, 160, 674. 82 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--------------- --------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance. ..------------------ $29, 744. 44 $33, 786. 53 $16, 080.07 $15, 493. 45 $69, 421. 18 Total expended_.----------------------- 29, 744. 44 33, 786. 53 -88, 473.61 20, 379.95 59, 831. 83 Alotjed--...--------------------------- 22, 500.00 35,086.23 -97,602.06 56, 500.00 28,000.00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1507 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__-- ---------------- $71, 843. 20 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------ 28, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for------------------ -------- 99, 843.20 Gross amount expended ----------------------------------- 59, 831. 83 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------- 40, 011.37 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------- 12, 756. 45 Balance available June 30, 1930---------------------- 27, 254. 92 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930---_ --------------------------- 146. 12 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930---------- 27, 401. )4 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ___---------------- 118, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - For new work 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 40, 000. 00 For maintenance 1 _ 22, 500. 00 Total 1- - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - - -- - -- -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - 62, 500. 00 21. MUSKEGON HARBOR, MICH. Location and description.--This harbor is on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 113 miles from Chicago and 80 miles from Milwaukee. The nearest harbors are Grand Haven Harbbr, 12 miles to the south, and White Lake Harbor, 11.5 miles to the north. It is located at the mouth of the Muskegon River, and consists of a dredged channel between parallel piers and revetments, extending from Lake Michigan to Muskegon Lake, a body of water of navi- gable depth and about 5 miles long, on which the city of Muskegon is situated. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 7, Lake Michigan.) Original condition.-The channel between the lakes had a length of 3,000 feet and a depth of 12 feet, with a depth of 11 feet in a fluctuating channel at the entrance; the sides were protected at the entrance by slab piers extending into Lake Michigan, built by local interests, 1,450 feet long on the north side and 2,070 feet long on the south side, with entrance width of 175 feet, widening to 240 feet inside. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1867, and was modified by the river and harbor acts of June 10, 1872, June 23, 1874, August 2, 1882, September 19, 1890, August 18, 1894, March 3, 1899, and June 13, 1902. The cost and expenditures prior to the commencement of world under the existing project were $1,059,590.91, of which $613,407.96 was for new work and $446,182.95 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects, see page 1950 of Annual Report for 1915, and page 1399, Annual Report for 1924. Existing project.-This provides for an exterior basin in Lake Michigan, formed by two arrowhead breakwaters, the south 1,512 feet and the north 1,404 feet long, 500 feet apart at the outer ends, diverging at an angle of about 90 ° , the inner ends connected with the shore by suitable structures 1,670 feet and 1,570 feet long on 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1508 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 the north and south sides, respectively; for the removal of }1,003 feet of the existing north pier and 1,106 feet of the existing south pier; for dredging a channel 600 feet wide at the entrance and 240 feet wide between the piers, with depths varying from 24 feet at the harbor entrance to 21 feet at the shore line and in the inner channel to Muskegon Lake, about 6,000 feet from the harbor entrance. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 18.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 11/2 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimated cost of new work, revised in 1930, is $2,134,500 exclusive of amounts expended on previous project. The estimated annual cost of maintenance (1922) is $25,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925 (H. Doc. No. 494, 67th Cong., 4th sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act of June 13, 1902, provided "that the land to be removed in order to secure the increased width of channel and to build the revetments will be ceded without cost to the United States; also that an area equal to that at present occupied by the United States Life Saving Service will be restored to the United States for the same occupation and purpose." The land required for widening the harbor was donated to the United States by deed of June 14, 1905. Although not required by the project, the city of Muskegon do- nated a small tract of land at the inner end of each shore connec- tion for the project of 1925. Condemnation proceedings were insti- tuted by the Secretary of War, the city guaranteeing payment of costs, and title to the land was confirmed in the United States by final order of the court on June 28, 1928. Termninal facilities.-The terminals are at the city of Muskegon, at the inner end of Muskegon Lake. The regular boat lines have piers with warehouses and individual industries have their own piers. There are several piers, in poor condition, provided with railroad connections and warehouses, which are open to general use. The city has a few landing places available for small craft, such as motor boats. A sand company has a wharf on the west end of Muskegon Lake. The facilities are adequate for the existing traffic. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th CJng., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal benefit to commerce is in- creased facilities for shipping manufactured articles, general mer- chandise, and road materials, and especially high-grade merchandise and perishable articles between Muskegon and Chicago and Milwau- kee, and of crude oil to and gasoline and kerosene from Indiana Harbor. Opwrations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging 103,714 cubic yards for restoration of 20 feet depth at a cost of $8,478.79. Minor repairs to piers cost $667.66. The con- RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1509 struction of new south breakwater and new south shore connection, by contract, was continued at costs of $85,040.26 and $277,216.31 for the breakwater and shore connection, respectively. Preliminary work on the construction of new north breakwater and shore con- nection and old pier removal, by contract, cost $161.79. All work, except the construction of the new south and north breakwaters and shore connections, was done by hired labor and use. of Government plant. The total costs were $362,418.36 for new work, and $9,152.40 for maintenance, a total of $371,570.76. The total net expenditures were $289,613.46. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project for an arrowhead type of harbor adopted by act of March 3, 1925, is about 25 per cent completed. Construction of the south breakwater and south shore connection was commenced in 1928 and are about 56 per cent com- pleted. The project in effect prior to the existing project has been completed. The old project depth of 20 feet below low water was obtained in 1911. The harbor piers are in need of only minor repairs. The controlling depth at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year was 20 feet throughout the channel. The total costs of permanent work under the existing project are $603,517 for new work, $22,880.78 for maintenance, a total of $626,397.78. The total net expenditures under the existing project are $535,320.18. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year will be applied to new work and maintenance as follows: New work: Complete construction of 1,512 linear feet of south break- water and 1,570 linear feet of south shore connection by con- tracts (including delivery of caissons to be furnished by the United States), about November, 1930_ ---------------- $463, 000.00 Construction of about 40 per cent of 1,404 linear feet of north breakwater, 1,670 linear feet of north shore connection, re- moval of 2,109 linear feet of old piers and dredging 130,000 cubic yards by continuing contract ---------------- 415, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies-- ------------------------- 54, 000. 00 Total -------------------------------------------- 932, 000.00 Maintenance: Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 23 days, at $550, about November, 1930, and June, 1931_ 12, 650. 00 Minor repairs to piers and revetments during the fiscal year------- ----------------------------------- 2,000.00 Engineering and contingencies--------- ------------------- 681, 64 Total ------- ___-- - 15, 331. 64 Total--------------------------------------------15, 331. 64 Grand total --------------------------------------- 947, 331.64 The available funds will be practically exhausted or obligated by June 30, 1931. Dredging is required annually for maintenance of project dimen- sions of channel. To complete the project the north breakwater and shore connection, removal of outer portions of old piers, and dredg- ing to project depth should be completed as soon as funds are available. The additional sum of $613,500 can, therefore, be profit- ably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: 1510 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 New work: Complete the construction of north breakwater and north shore connection, removal of old piers and dredging by continuing contract and with U. S. dredge Meade-------------------- $560, 00 Engineering and contingencies--------------------------- 40, 000 Total .------------ ---------------- 600, 000 Maintenance: Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 23 days, at $550 Engineering and contingencies __ ------------------- -. _ _ . 12, 650 850 Total ---------------------------------------- 13, 500 Grand total---------- ------------------- 613, 500 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for vessels carrying gasoline and kerosene, comprising about 20 per cent of the total tonnage, was 20 feet; that for crude oil (24 per cent), molders sand (19 per cent), building materials (18 per cent), pig iron (7 per cent), and coal (2 per cent), was 19 feet; that for pulpwood (4 per cent), was 18 feet; and that for the remaining miscellaneous traffic (6 per cent), was about 16 feet. Comparative statement Calendaryear Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925-.-.----. - 389,132 $26,930, 550 84, 596 1928----------- 639,028 $28,744,700 62,690 1926---------- 339, 796 25, 455, 450 59, 338 1929...-----972,149 34, 535, 300 68, 070 1927---------- 432, 268 27, 703, 600 64, 659 The increase of about 52 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to shipments of crude oil, increased shipments of molders sand and to increased receipts of gasoline, kerosene, pig iron and building materials. The increase in valua- tion was due to increased tonnage. Cost and financia summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ----------------------- $1,216,924.96 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_111111111111111 1 469,063. 73 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930___------ 1, 685,988. 69 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930-----------__________ 146. 73 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930----------- -------- 1, 686,135. 42 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-- ---------------- 91, 224. 33 Net total expenditures 594, 911. 09 1--------------------------, Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------------------- 947, 331. 64 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------- 2, 542, 242. 73 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 $32. 25 $104,709.53 $136, 356.86 Cost of new work---------.................................. $362, 418.36 Cost of maintenance------------------..... $20,104.63 14,827.87 5,977.80 4, 534.61 9,152.40 Total cost ....------------------ 20, 104. 63 14, 860. 12 110, 687. 33 140,891. 47 371, 570.76 Total expended.----------------------- 20,104.63 14,860.12 74,666.41 139, 584.74 289,613.46 145,000.00 311,000.00 77,859.01 96,000.00 830, 000. 00 Allotted------------------------................................... RIVERS AND HARBORS--MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1511 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_-------....__.._.......__.... .$406, 945.10 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------- $15, 000.00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930 ------------------------------------------- 815, 000. 00 830, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for----_ _ _- --- ___------ 1, 236, 945. 10 Gross amount expended----- ---.--- __ - --- -_. 289, 613. 46 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------ 947, 331. 64 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_-_-------- - 3, 598. 75 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts---------- 868,070.09 . . . . 84 v _ , 668. 871. . . Balance available June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 75, 662. 80 Accou nts receivable June 30, 1930---------------------------- 146. 73 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930------------- 75, 809. 53 Amou nt (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of exis ting project 1- - - - - - - - - - - - -- ---- ----- --- -- -- - -- - -- - -- 600, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 600, 000. 00 - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - For maintenance 1 13, 500. 00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Total 1- - - - 613, 500. 00 22. WHITE LAKE HARBOR, MICH. Location and description.-This harbor is on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 119 miles from Chicago. It consists of White Lake, a body of water about 4.5 miles long and of navigable depth, and of the channel, about 1,950 feet long, leading to Lake Michi- gan. The nearest harbors are Muskegon Harbor, 11.5 miles to the south, and Pentwater Harbor, 32 miles to the north. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 7, Lake Michigan.) Original condition.--The natural outlet of White Lake, about 3,550 feet north of the present entrance, afforded a channel 5 feet deep and 125 feet wide between slab piers built by local interests. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the abandonment of the old outlet and the creation of a new channel 16 feet deep, 200 feet wide, and about 1,950 feet long from Lake Michigan to White Lake be- tween parallel piers and revetments having lengths of 1,715 feet and 1,953 feet on north and south sides, respectively. The piers and revetments are built of timber cribs and piling. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corre- sponds to the depth of 14.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage and ex- treme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and baro- metric pressure, of about 11/2 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1512 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The estimated cost of new work, revised in 1907, was $353,550. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,500. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1867, and amended by river and harbor acts approved March 3, 1873; July 5, 1884; July 13, 1892; and March 2, 1907. These amendments relate principally to the length of the proposed piers and revetments, and the estimated costs, except the last one, which increased the project depth by dredging. The latest pub- lished map is in House Document No. 2053, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-About three-fourths of a mile south of the village of Montague, at the inner end of White Lake, is the wharf used by the regular boat line; across the lake, at the village of Whitehall, are two or three small wharves available for boats of shallow draft. There is no railroad connection with these wharves. At the westerly end of the White Lake are several landing piers for summer-resort business which are used by the regular boat line and smaller boats. The terminal facilities are ample for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The benefits to commerce are entirely local, giving direct communication with Chicago for the summer- resort business, limited to a season of three or four months each year. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-Operationsconsisted of dredging 34,345 cubic yards for restoration of project depth at a cost of $4,316.56. Repairs to north and south piers cost $2,133.88. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total cost was $6,450.44, for maintenance. The total net expenditures were $5,339.28. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1908 at a saving of $145,688 under the estimated cost. The project depth was obtained in 1908, but annual dredging is necessary for maintenance. The piers are being repaired so that they will serve their purpose for a few years without extensive repairs. The controlling depth at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year was 14.5 feet on the entrance bar and in the channel between the piers. .The total costs of permanent work under the existing project are $207,862.44 for new work, $233,216.45 for maintenance, a total of $441,078.89. The total net expenditures under the existing project are $439,967.73. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year will be applied to maintenance as follows: Maintenance : Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 12 days, at $550, about July, 1930, and June, 1931- -------------------------- $6, 600. 00 Repair outer ends of both piers and place wales and tie rods on outer portion of north pile pier in 1930__---------------- 15, 000. 00 Stone filling and riprap for piers in 1930 ----------------- 4, 000. 00 Epgineering and contingencies-- , 560. 72 1------------------------- Total _----_---- -...- 27, 160. 72 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS.1 DISTRICT 513 The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. Dredging is required annually for maintenance of project dimen- sions of channel. The additional sum of $4,000 can, therefore, be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. as follows : Maintenance: Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 6 days, at $550_-----------$3, 300 Engineering and contingencies ----------------------------- 700 Total------------------------ __-_-_---_4, 000 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was building materials and unclassified pack- age freight. The usual limit of draft for vessels carrying building materials, comprising about 99 per cent of the total tonnage, was 10 feet; that for unclassified package freight (1 per cent) was 11.5 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925 ....-3,915 ... $66,600 14,922 1928 - ------ 1,156 $34,400 5,828 1926 ...--. .. . 9,123 39, 400 13,132 1929 - - - --- 8,305 36,300 5, 777 1927---------- 27,000 88,800 11,511 The increase of about 618 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to receipts of sand and gravel which. has a low unit value. The increase in valuation was due to increased tonnage. Cost and financial suwmmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------------- $207, 862.44 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 233, 216. 45 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 __ 441, 078. 89 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930_ 441, 078. 89 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------- 1,111.16 Net total expenditures- --- 439, 967. 73 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ _ -- 27, 160. 72 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 . ---- 467, 128.45 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....--------------------- Cost of maintenance_ -- ------------------ $2, 621.60 $8, 057. 59 $15, 500. 00 -_ - . -- $6, 450. 44 Total expended- ------------------------ 2, 621. 60 8, 057. 59 15, 045.07 $454. 93 5, 339. 28 Allotted. ----------------------------- 5, 000. 00 3, 000. 00 15, 500.00 4,000.00 28, 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------------. -- $4, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ------------------------------ $25, 000 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929--------------------------------- 3, 500 ------ 28, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for ---------------------------- 32, 500.00 1514 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, .1930 Gross amount expended ------------------------------------- $5, 339. 28 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------27, 160. 72 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------------------, 739. 64 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------25, 421.08 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - -- - - - 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 4, 000. 00 23. LUDINGTON HARBOR, MICH. Location and description.-This harbor, located on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 155 miles from Chicago, is the outlet of Pere Marquette River, which expands into Pere Marquette Lake before emptying into Lake Michigan. Pere Marquette Lake is about 2 miles long, one-half mile in average width, and from 20 to 40 feet deep. The nearest harbors are Pentwater Harbor, 11.5 miles to the south, and Manistee Harbor, 24 miles to the north. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 7, Lake Michigan.) Original condition.-The channel from Pere Marquette Lake to Lake Michigan had been improved by private interests. Its length was about 830 feet. The depth was from 7 to 8 feet. Width un- known. The channel had been protected by diverging slab piers. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1867, and was modified by the river and harbor acts approved August 5, 1886, August 11, 1888, and "March 3, 1899. The cost and expenditures prior to commencement of work under the existing project in 1908 were $617,867.30, of which $491,416.22 was for new work and $126,451.08 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1951 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an exterior basin in Lake Michigan, formed by two breakwaters, each with main arm 1,800 feet long, 400 feet apart at the outer ends, diverging at an angle of 900, and with shore connections, 1,103 feet and 2,004 feet in length for north and south breakwaters, respectively; for the removal of the outer end of the inner piers; for dredging the exterior basin to a depth of 18 feet; and for an inner channel about 2,000 feet long connecting Pere Marquette Lake with Lake Michigan, the mini- mum navigable width being 150 feet and depth of 18 feet. The breakwaters are built of stone-filled timber cribs and piling. The main arm of each breakwater and 800 feet of the south shore con- nection have been repaired with concrete superstructure. Also the entire north pier and revetment and 875 feet of the south revetment are provided with concrete superstructure. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 16.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuation of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 11/2 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS.1 DISTRICT 1515 The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1916, was $1,090,587, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1867, provided for the entrance piers (Annual Report for 1867, p. 114); the act of March 3, 1899, provided for a channel 18 feet deep below low water (2 feet below mean lake level 1860-1875) between Lake Michigan and Pere Mar- quette Lake, for pier extensions, and reconstruction and repairs to existing structures (H. Doc. No. 273 54th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the breakwaters, shore connections, and removal of outer ends of the two inside piers (H. Doc. No. 62, 59th Cong., 1st sess., and R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 3, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 25, 1912, provided for additional riprap and stone filling (Annual Report for 1912, p. 1044); the act of July 27, 1916, provided for dredging in the basin and for riprap for the breakwaters (Annual Report for 1916, p. 1401). The latest pub- lished map is in the Annual Report for 1914, page 2974. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.---None required by law. Land at the inner end of the two breakwater shore connections was donated to the "United States by local interests; that for the north shore connection, 160 feet by about 225 feet, by deed of June 22, 1912, and that for the south shore connection, about 200 feet square, by deeds of July 12,. 1912, and November 12, 1912. Terminal facilities.-The main terminal is that of the Pere Mar- quette Railway Co., with two car-ferry slips, wharves 'with ware- houses and grain elevator, all with railroad connection. A third car-ferry slip is under construction. The regular boat line from Chicago has a wharf with warehouse but no railroad connections. There are wharves with railroad connections at salt industries. The city has a small wharf available for vessels of moderate draft. The terminal facilities are adequate for the existing boat lines but are very poor for general commerce, there being no public wharf for transfer between rail and water. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal benefit to commerce is the opportunity for translake business, largely by the car ferries of the Pere Marquette Railway Co. to Milwaukee, Manitowoc, and Kewau- nee, the bulk-freight shipment of salt; the bulk receipts of coal; and the package-freight business with Milwaukee and Chicago. The through rail-and-boat service gives more direct and quicker trans- portation although the rates for carload shipments are the same as by the longer routes around Lake Michigan. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging 7,044 cubic yards for restoration of project depth at a cost of $2,689.72. Minor repairs to breakwaters, piers and revet- ments cost $3,426.34. The building of concrete superstructure on 800 linear feet of south shore connection and 875 linear feet of south pier and revetment, in progress at the close of the previous fiscal year, was completed at costs of $25,381.21 and $18,482.36 for the south shore connection and south pier and revetment, respectively. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. 1516 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The total cost was $49,979.63, for maintenance. The total net ex- penditures were $32,999.41. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1918 at a saving of $54,501 under the estimated cost. The dredging was completed in 1917 and the riprap in 1918. The timber super- structures of the inner portions of the shore connections and of the outer portion of the south pier and revetment require rebuilding in concrete. The controlling depth at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year was 18 feet. The total costs of permanent work under the existing project are $1,036,085.93 for new work, $546,- 144.63 for maintenance, a total of $1,582,230.56. The total net ex- penditures under the existing project are $1,579,507.91. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year will be applied to maintenance as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 22 days, at $550, about July, 1930, and June, 1931-------------- ------- $12, 100. 00 Minor repairs to breakwaters, piers, and revetments during the fiscal year--------- ----------------------- ---------- 5, 500. 00 Engineering and contingencies------------------------------974. 54 Total--------- ---------- --------------------- 18, 574. 54 The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. Dredging is required annually for maintenance of project dimen- sions of channel. Repairs to the south pier and revetment, which had to be suspended in 1929, should be completed as soon as funds are available. The additional sum of $48,000 can, therefore, be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Maintenance : Operat'on of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 10 (Jays, at $550-------- $5, 500 Reinforce substructure and rebuild superstructure on 702 linear feet of south pier and revetment, at $55------------------------38, 610 Engineering and contingencies ------------------------------- 3, 890 Total ------ --------------------------------------- 48, 000 Conzmercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was coal, flour and feed, grain, salt, build- ing materials, lumber and forest products, and unclassified com- modities. The usual limit of draft for car-ferry traffic, comprising about 93 per cent of the total tonnage, was 16.5 feet. For other than car-ferry traffic the limits of draft were as follows: Coal (2 per cent), 18 feet; salt (2 per cent), 17 feet; and that for the remain- ing miscellaneous traffic (4 per cent), 15 to 17 feet. Comparative statement General vessel traffic Car-ferry traffic Calendar year Passengers - Short tons Value Short tonsl Value 1925 ..-----.....-------------------------................ 211,010 $15, 061, 650 2, 322, 509 $207, 654, 550 30, 783 1926---------- .. -------------- -------- 214, 693 17, 072, 650 2, 225, 584 179, 830, 800 29, 031 19 ------------------------ 165, 796 13,913, 800 2, 251, 589 171, 928,200 34, 843 1928----------_ ---.------ --- 203, 354 16, 062, 000 2, 378, 992 194, 352, 200 38, 037 1929--_-- 195, 476 14, 785, 500 2, 477, 174 ........--------------------..........................- 199, 092, 600 45, 162 1 Exclusive of dead weight of cars. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1517 The increase of about 31/2 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to increased traffic via car-ferry steamers. The increase in valuation was due to increased tonnage. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_______________----------------------- $1, 527, 502. 15 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 672, 595. 71 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 2, 200, 097. 86 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ----------- 576.19 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_----------------------- 2, 200, 674. 05 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------- 3, 298. 84 Net total expenditures---------------------------- 2, 197,375.21 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930__----------------------- 18, 574. 54 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 2, 215, 949. 75 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work...------- -------- -------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance----------------------- $7, 997. 19 $11,885. 18 $28, 692. 28 $49, 410. 94 $49, 979. 63 Total expended--------------- --------- 7, 997. 19 11,885. 18 -53, 017. 55 66, 299. 15 32, 999. 41 Allotted--__--------------------------- 38,000.00 ----------- -4,975.06 100, 000. 00 -61, 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ -- ___________________-- $113, 073. 95 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------- 7, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for____------ ------------ 120, 073.95 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment----------------68, 500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for --------------------------- 51, 573.95 Gross amount expended ________________- - ___ $33, 449. 41 Less receipts from sales ---------------------------- 450. 00 32, 999. 41 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--- --------------- 18, 574. 54 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------------------------3,298. 84 Balance available June 30, 1930_1"___ _____111111111 15, 275. 70 Amount that can profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - -- - 30, 1932, for maintenance 1______ ___ 48, 000. 00 24. MANISTEE HARBOR, MICH. Location and description.-This harbor is on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 180 miles from Chicago and 24 miles north of Ludington Harbor and 8 miles south of Portage Lake Harbor. It consists of Manistee Lake, about 4 miles by one-fourth to one-half mile, and 35 feet deep, and Manistee River, between Manistee Lake and Lake Michigan, about 10,000 feet long. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 776.) Original condition.-The entrance from Lake Michigan had been improved by local interests by slab piers from 100 to 150 feet apart. 1Exclusive of available funds. 1518 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The depth at low water was from ' to 8 feet in a channel of uncer- tain width obstructed by sand bars. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1867, and was modified by the river and harbor acts approved June 10, 1872, March 3, 1873, March 3, 1875, August 14, 1876, September 19, 1890, July 13, 1892, March 2, 1907, and June 25, 1910. The cost and expenditures prior to the commencement of the existing project in 1913 were $505,908.67, of which $354,998.68 was for new work and $150,909.99 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1952 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an enlarged harbor entrance with a south breakwater having main arm 1,300 feet long and shore connection 1,185 feet long; the dredging of an entrance basin 23 feet deep, 570 feet wide and 1,600 feet long to outer end of the south pier; a channel between the piers 120 to 220 feet wide, 21 feet deep and 2,000 feet long; dredging the river 21 feet deep, with a minimum width of 100 feet from the inner end of the north revet- ment to Manistee Lake, about 6,400 feet. The piers and breakwater are built of stone-filled timber cribs and piling, the shore connection for the breakwater being capped with concrete superstructure. The north pier and revetment is 2,797 feet and the south pier 695 feet long. Thirteen hundred and twenty-seven feet of the north pier and revetment, and the entire south revetment are capped with concrete. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. These depths correspond to depths of 21.9 and 19.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 11/2 feet above or below the mean lake level pre- vailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, was $486,200, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1867, provided for the entrance piers (Annual Report for 1867, p. 115); the act of September 19, 1890, provided for extending the channel a distance of 8,000 feet to connect with Manistee Lake and for further pier extension (Annual Report, 1891, p. 2678) ; and the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the south breakwater and shore connection (H. Doc. No. 599, 62d Cong., 2d sess.), and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the present channel dimensions (S. Doc. No. 131, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act of July 25, 1912, required the dona- tion to the United States, without cost, of a strip of land- 200 feet square at the inner end of the shore connection of the breakwater. This provision was complied with by deed of April 10, 1913, for a strip of land 220 feet wide fronting on Lake Michigan. The act of July 3, 1930, provided "that no work shall be under- taken on the section of the river through and above the bridges RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1519 (Smith Street and the Mainstee & Northeastern R. R. bridges) until they have been modified in a manner satisfactory to the Secre- tary of War." Preliminary steps have been taken to ascertain the attitude of local authorities toward the rebuilding of these bridges. Terminal facilities.-A portion of the north Government revet- ment serves as a wharf for general use; it is provided with a rail- road track. A sand company has a wharf on the north side of the river. The two regular package freight boat lines have wharves with warehouses on the south side of the river, but without railroad connections. The sawmill, salt, and other industries on Manistee Lake have wharves for bulk-freight vessels. There is need of a public wharf, there being none except the ends of a few city streets. The terminal facilities are in keeping with the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal benefit to commerc3 has been the improved facilities for the shipment from Manistee of package freight, salt and sand, and for the receipt of coal and pulp- wood. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging 78,001 cubic yards for restoration of project depth at a cost of $12,617.21. Repairs of south breakwater, including the plac- ing of stone for filling and riprap, cost $9,071.00. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total cost was $21,688.21 for maintenance. The total net expenditures were $14,037.14. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project in effect prior to the modification of July 3, 1930, was completed in 1923. The entrance basin was dredged, the outer 300 linear feet of the south pier was removed, and the wrecked outer end of the north pier was re- moved in 1923. No work has been done on the last modification of the project. The timber superstructure on north pier and revetment will last a few years. The south breakwater and outer end of south shore connection were refilled and riprapped in 1929. The con- trolling depths at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year were 20 feet on entrance bar and in the channel between the piers and 17 feet in the river. The total costs of permanent work under the existing project are $441,243.90 for new work, $225,070.65 for maintenance, a total of $666,314.55. The total net expenditures under the existing project are $658,719.58. Proposed operat'ons.-The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year will be applied to maintenance as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 33 days, at $550, about July, 1930, and June 1931_______------------------ _ $18, 150.00 Minor repairs to piers and revetments during the fiscal year... 4, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies______-------------------- 1, 234. 98 Total------------ --------------------------------- 23, 384. 98 The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. Relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of com- merce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the 11714---ENG 1930--96 1520 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 project. Dredging is required annually for maintenance of the channel. The additional sum of $11,000 can, therefore, be profit- ably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 15 days, at $550------- $8, 250 Minor repairs to piers and revetments ------------------------- 2, 000 Engineering and contingencies --------------------------------- 750 Total---- -------------------------------------------- 11, 000 Commercial statistics.--The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was coal, pulpwood, stone, molders' sand, salt and unclassified package freight. The usual limit of draft for vessels carrying coal, molders' sand and stone, comprising about 65 per cent of the total tonnage, was 18 feet; that for pulpwood (25 per cent), was 15 feet; that for the remaining miscellaneous traffic (10 per cent), was 15 to 17 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925...........66, 849 $1, 860,000 8,829 1928_---__. -- 90, 818 $1, 826, 000 6, 136 1926-----------........... 65, 538 2,295,900 6, 640 1929---------- 100,409 1454, 500 5, 610 1927-----------........... 59, 389 2, 312, 00 6, 344 The increase of about 10 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to increased receipts of coal and stone and to shipments of molders' sand. The decrease in valuation was due to decreased traffic in commodities having a higher unit value than coal, stone, and sand. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------$796, 242. 58 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------- 375, 980. 64 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 1, 172, 223. 22 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---------- 56. 10 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 1, 172, 279. 32 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ---------- --------------- 7, 651.07 Net total expenditures-----------------------------1, 164, 628.25 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--- --------------------- 23, 384. 98 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 1,188, 013.23 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..........................---------------.......------------------------------------------------ Cost of maintenance----------------------- $12, 557. 15 $52, 177. 31 $38, 235.68 $52, 393. 40 $21, 688. 21 Total expended.. . ..----------------------- 12, 557. 15 52, 177. 31 2, 698. 18 54,084. 53 14, 037. 14 Allotted--..--. --... --......- ------------- -86,000.00-1 -. -. 58,01.86 -17,000.00 21,500.00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1521 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------- $15, 922. 12 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-------------------------- $19, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929------------------------- 2, 500.00 21, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for------------------------- 37,422.12 Gross amount expended ----.--------------------- 4---- 14, 037.14 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 23, 384. 98 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 --------------------------- 7, 651.07 Balance available June 30, 1930-----------------------15, 733.91 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1--------------------------------------- 45, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance ------- ------------------------ 11, 000. 00 25. PORTAGE LAKE HARBOR OF REFUGE, MANISTEE COUNTY, MICH. Location and description.-This harbor is on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 185 miles from Chicago. It consists of Port- age Lake, about 3.5 miles long and of navigable depth, and a short channel connecting it with Lake Michigan. The nearest harbors are Manistee Harbor, 8 miles to the south, and Arcadia Harbor, 9 miles to the north. (See United States Lake Survey Chart No. 7, Lake Michigan.) Original condition.-There was an artificial channel about 400 feet long from Lake Michigan to Portage Lake, about a mile south of the original outlet; this channel was less than 4 feet deep and was 130 feet wide between log and slab piers built by local enterprise. Previous projects.-None. Existing projects.-This provides for a harbor of refuge, with an entrance channel from Lake Michigan to Portage Lake, 300 feet wide and 18 feet deep, protected by piers and revetments. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one- half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctu- ations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 11/2 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1902, was $344,300. There is no adopted estimate for annual maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879 (Annual Report for 1879, p. 1634). The latest pub- lished map is in House Document No. 558, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-Legislation authorizing the abandonment of the project for this harbor is recommended in House Document No. 588, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The main terminal is at the inner end of Portage Lake where the regular steamboat line has inexpensive 1Exclusive of available funds. 1522 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 landing places. There are small landing piers at several summer resorts around Portage Lake. There is no public wharf and there is no railroad connection with any wharf. The terminal facilities are ample for the existing meager commerce. For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see House Document No. 652, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session. Effect of improvement.-The benefits to commerce are entirely local, affecting a little general merchandise, fruit, and summer re- sort business. As far as known, the harbor is not used as a harbor of refuge. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operationsconsisted of dredging 43,384 cubic yards at a cost of $4,043.07. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total cost was $4,043.07, for maintenance. The total net expenditures were $4,043.07. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Pier construction under existing project was completed in 1901. The full project depth has never been obtained. The piers and revetments are in fair condition, minor repairs having been made in 1928. The controlling depths at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year were 17 feet on the entrance bar and 15 feet in the channel between the piers. The total costs of permanent work under the existing project are $256,129.21 for new work, $152,011.51 for maintenance, a total of $408,140.72. The total net expenditures under the existing project are $408,140.72. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year will be applied to maintenance as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 10 days, at $550, about July, 1930----------------------------------- $5, 500. 00 Engineering and contingencies------------------------------ 56. 62 Total------------- --------- ------------------------ 6, 156. 62 The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. Dredging is required annually for maintenance of project dimen- sions of channel. The additional sum of $4,000 can, therefore, be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows : Maintenance : Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 6 days, at $550----------_ $3, 300 Engineering and contingencies--------------------------------700 Total ------------------------------------------------- 4, 000 Cominercialstatistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was fruit and vegetables, and unclassified package freight. The usual limit of draft for the vessels carrying this tonnage was 15 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS , DISTRICT 1523 The decrease of about 28 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to no receipts of stone. The increase in valuation was due to increased tonnage of fruit and vegetables which are of higher unit value than stone. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------_------------ $256, 129. 21 -Cost of maintenanceto June 30, 1930 .------------------------152, 011. 51 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ---------- 408, 140. 72 Net total expenditures___-______________----- 408, 140. 72 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------6, 156. 62 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------414, 297. 34 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work- - - - - j----- - - - Cost of maintenance -----...... . -- ---------.. $7,800.31 $4, 043.07 'Total expended ........................... ----- ---- ---------- ----- -- 7,800. 31 4, 043.07 Allotted -------- ----.--- ----... -------- .-- -I---.--I --- $5,000.00 7, 000. 00 6,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 $4, 199. 69 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-------------------------------------------6, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for__ --- _------------10, 199.69 Gross amount expended_ ----------------- __----------- 4, 043. 07 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_-----__- __------ 6,156. 62 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------- ----------------------- 88, 200. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 1932, for maintenance _ 4, 000. 00 26. FRANKFORT HARBOR, MICH. Location and description.-Thisharbor is on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 203 miles from Chicago. It is formed by Lake Betsie (Aux Becs Scies), about 1.5 miles long, generally shoal but with navigable depths in the westerly portion, and the artificial channel into Lake Michigan. The nearest harbors are Arcadia liHar- bor, 10 miles to the south, and the natural harbor of South Manitou, about 30 miles to the north. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 7, Lake Michigan.) Original condition.-The outlet was about 750 feet north of the present channel, with a depth of 3 or 4 feet and width of 70 or 80 feet, between slab piers built by local enterprise. Previous projects.-None. Existing project -This provides for an exterior basin in Lake Michigan, formed by two breakwaters, 400 feet apart at the outer ends, diverging at an angle of 90 ° , the main arm and the shore con- nection of the north breakwater being 1,080 feet and .1,000 feet in 1Exclusive of available funds. 1524 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 length, respectively, and the main arm and the shore connection of the south breakwater being 1,188 feet and 1,400 feet in length, respec- tively; for the removal of 800 feet from the north and 813 feet from the south pier; dredging the basin 20 feet deep and 800 feet wide at, the entrance, decreasing toward the new pierheads to 600, feet wide; dredging the channel between the piers 18 feet deep to Lake Betsie (Aux Becs Scies) ; and repairs to the old south pier. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 16.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 11/2 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930 is $1,920,000.. The estimated annual cost of maintenance (1923) is $15,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 23, 1866, as amended in 1868, 1879, and 1892, provided for a new outlet 12 feet deep, protected by piers and revetments; the act of June 3, 1896, provided for a depth of 18 feet (Annual Report for 1902, p. 473); and the act of March 3, 1925,. provided for the exterior breakwaters, removal of portions of piers, repair of old south pier, and present dimensions of channel (H. Doc. No. 208, 68th Cong., 1st sess.) The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-In 1896 and 1897 the Toledo & Ann Arbor Railway Co. (now the Ann Arbor Railroad Co.) extended the south pier 400 feet, at a cost of about $25,000. The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, provides that local interests shall furnish without cost to the United States such lands, as may be required for the proper execution of the work. Condemnation proceedings were instituted at the request of the. Secretary of War in April, 1927, and title to the required land w is confirmed in the United States by final order of the court dated September 1, 1927. Terminal facilities.-The railroad terminal, consisting of two car- ferry slips, is on the south side at inner end of the entrance channel. The lakeward slip is bady located, as the larger car ferries, when in the slip, project into and partly block the entrance channel and are subjected to undue wave action in time of storm. The regular steamboat line carrying package freight has a wharf, with ware- house and railroad connection, on the north side of the inside lake. This wharf is open to the use of all boats. The end of a city street is available for public use. The terminal facilities are adequate for the existing commerce, practically all of which is by car ferry. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement is of special benefit to, interstate commerce, due to the operation between Frankfort and. several harbors across the lake of a line of car ferries by the Ann Arbor Railroad Co., which carries practically the entire commerce. of the harbor. This through-rail and car-ferry service is of benefit RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1525 to interstate commerce by giving more direct and quicker trans- portation, although the rates for carload shipments are the same as by the longer routes around Lake Michigan. Operations and results during fiscal year.--Operations consisted of dredging 6,981 cubic yards for restoration of 18 feet depth at a cost of $2,198.87. Minor repairs to piers and revetments cost $630. The repair and rebuilding of 459 linear feet of south pier and revetment, by contract, in progress at the close of the fiscal year, cost $12,166.46. The construction of new south breakwater and shore connection, by contract, was continued at a cost of $200,252.77. All work, except construction of south breakwater and shore connection and the repair and rebuilding of south pier, was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total costs were $200,252.77 for new work and $14,995.33 for maintenance, a total of $215,248.10. The total net. expenditures were $160,997.56. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 45 per cent completed. Construction of the south breakwater and shore connec- tion was commenced in 1928 and is about 36 per cent completed. The project in effect prior to modification of 1925 is completed. The dredging of channel was completed in 1903 and the piers and revet- ments in 1911. The inner 234 feet of the south revetment is being rebuilt with concrete superstructure and the superstructure of the adjoining 225 feet of the south pier is being provided with concrete superstructure. While the remainder of the piers and revetments are in very poor condition, minor repairs can be made which will prevent complete demolition for a few years until the reconstruction of the harbor with exterior breakwaters has been completed. The controlling depth at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year was 18 feet. The total costs of permanent work under the existing project are $708,090.91 for new work, $278,468.89 for maintenance, a total of $986,559.80. The total net expenditures under the existing project are $929,183.59. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year will be applied to new work and maintenance as follows : New work: Complete construction of 2,588 linear feet of south breakwater and shore connection by contract, about November, 1930__ $480, 000.00 Engineering and contingencies__________------------------- 20, 000. 00 Total---------------- ----------------------------- 500, 000. 00 Maintenance: Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 20 days, at $550, about October, 1930-------------------------------- 11, 000. 00 Complete rebuilding and repairing by contract, 459 linear feet of inner end of south pier and revetment, about July, 1930__ 9, 000. 00 Riprap and backfill revetment and piers, 4,000 tons of stone at $3, during the fiscal year------------- ---- -- 12, 000.00 Minor repairs to piers and revetments--------------------- 1, 000.00 Engineering and contingencies--__ --------------------- 2,119. 77 Total ------------------------------------- - 35, 119. 77 Grand total----------------------------------- 535, 119. 77 The available funds will be practically exhausted or obligated by June 30, 1931. 1526 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Dredging is required annually for maintenance of project dimen- sions of channel. Construction of the north breakwater and shore connection, removal of outer ends of the old piers and deepening of the channel to new project depth should be completed as soon as funds are available, thereby completing the project. The additional sum of $359,000 can, therefore, be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June .30, 1932, as follows: New work: Construction of about 45 per cent of 2,080 linear feet of north breakwater and shore connection; removal of 1,613 linear feet of old piers and dredging, by continuing contract ----- $320, 000 Engineering and contingencies------------------- ----------- 30, 000 Total--___----------- ---------------------------------- 350, 000 Maintenance: Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 13 days, at $550------ 7, 150 Minor repairs to piers and revetments------------------------1, 000 Engineering and contingencies------------------------------- 50 Total---------- --------------------------------------- 9, 000 Grand total--__------------------------------------359, 000 Commercial statistics.--The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was coal, lumber, grain, flour, and feed, auto- mobiles, salt, stone, and unclassified commodities. The usual limit of draft for car-ferry traffic, comprising about 98 per cent of the total traffic, was 16.5 feet. For other than car-ferry traffic (2 per cent), the limits of draft were 15 to 18 feet. Comparative statement General vessel traffic Car-ferry traffic Calendar year Passengers Short tons Value Short tons 1 Value 1925_--... -.-.... ---... -.... --.-... --.. - 1, 399 $355,450 1,648, 513 $302,155,300 11,161 1926. -..--------- ..- .....- . 1, 107 272, 100 1, 628, 807 227, 437, 100 8, 392 1927_......_--.-.--.- .. .---.-.. --. -- . 904 237, 000 1,566,108 210, 268, 600 9, 320 1928_-_ _----..............-----.--...- 5, 285 343, 000 1,645, 798 228, 034, 000 11,485 1929--------------------------------..................................... 43, 101 460, 800 1, 732, 551 252, 949, 000 16, 887 I Exclusive of dead weight of cars. The increase of about 9 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to increased receipts of stone via gen- eral vessel and to increased traffic via car-ferry steamers. The increase in valuation is due to increased tonnage. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $708, 090. 91 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------278, 468. 89 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 986, 559. 80 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------__ 57, 376. 21 Net total expenditures--- _---... ._ 929, 183. 59 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------- ------ 535, 119. 77 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 _-- -- - 1, 464,303. 36 RIVERS AND. HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS.,' DISTRICT 1527 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 _------$25.23 Cost of new work__-------------------------__ $123, 999.04 $32,460. 28 $200, 252. 77 Cost of maintenance--------------------- $6, 581. 68 5, 997.83 9, 550. 41 2, 458. 01 14, 995. 33 Total cost .------------------------ 6, 581.68 6, 023. 06 133, 549. 45 34, 918. 29 215, 248. 10 Total expended------------------------- 6, 581. 68 6,023.06 118, 532. 93 34, 324. 15 160, 997. 56 Allotted--...---..-----------------------............................174, 700.00 370, 000.00 -12,484.99 35,000. 00 283, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------------- $413, 117.33 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------------$25,000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930 --------------------------------------- 258, 000. 00 283, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for.--------------------------- 696, 117. 33 Gross amount expended-----------------------------------160, 997. 56 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------535, 119. 77 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------- 5, 783.03 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts---------- 439,243.79 445, 026. 82 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------90, 092. 95 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1------ ----------- 711, 900. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work ------------------------------------- 350, 000. 00 For maintenance 1- ------------------------------------- 9, 000. 00 Total --------------- ---------------------------- 359, 000. 00 27. CHARLEVOIX HARBOR, MICH. Location and description.-This harbor is on the east shore of Lake Michigan about 275 miles from Chicago and about 45 miles from the Straits of Mackinac. It is at the mouth of Pine River, which connects Lake Michigan through the lower channel with Round Lake and thence Round Lake through the upper channel with Charlevoix Lake (formerly Pine Lake). The lower channel has an entrance width of 160 feet, narrowing to 100 feet, and the upper channel a least width of 83 feet. Round Lake is about one-half mile in diameter and Charlevoix Lake is about 14 miles long, both being navigable. The distance from Lake Michigan to Charlevoix Lake is about 1 mile. The entrance to Grand Traverse Bay is about 18 miles to the southwest, South Manitou Harbor 47 miles to the southwest, and Petoskey Harbor 17 miles a little north of east. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 7, Lake Michigan.) Original condition.--In 1868 the lower channel was 75 feet wide and 2 to 6 feet deep; prior to beginning work by the United States in 1877 there had been built 468 feet of cribwork in the north pier and 80 feet in the south pier, extending into Lake Michigan. Previous projects.--None. I Exclusive of available funds. 1528 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Emisting project.-This provides for a channel 15 feet deep from Lake Michigan to Charlevoix Lake, protected where needed by piers and revetments. The piers at the entrance are formed of stone- filled timber cribs and rubblestone, being 781 feet and 452 feet in length on north and south sides, respectively. The revetments are built of piling. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 13.9 feet on the lake survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one- half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctua- tions of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1/2 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1902, was $186,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $8,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 14, 1876, provided for the channel from Lake Michigan to Round Lake; the act of August 2, 1882, provided for the channel from Round Lake to Charlevoix Lake; the act of June 13, 1902, increased the project depth from 12 to 15 feet. The latest published map is in House Document No. 26, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is one wharf in the city of Charlevoix, at the inner end of the south revetment, which is used by the regu- lar boat lines and is open to general use. The city has a landing at the end of a street on Round Lake which is free to boats which can use it. The lumber vessels use the wharves of the various mills at Boyne City and East Jordan at the inner end of Charlevoix Lake. These wharves are reached by railroad tracks, but there is no inter- change of traffic. The terminal facilities are adequate for the ex- isting commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 6.6th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal value of the improvement has been to the industries at the head of Charlevoix Lake. The city of Charlevoix benefits by increased facilities for shipping general merchandise and for summer resort passenger business. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging 8,620 cubic yards for restoration of project depth at a cost of $2,482.09. The repairs of substructure and rebuilding of superstructure on 1,895 linear feet of the south revetment, in prog- ress at the close of the fiscal year, cost $21,396.65. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total cost was $23,878.74, for maintenance. The total net expenditures were $25,039.36. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1902 at a saving of $105,795, under the estimated cost. The north revetment of the lower channel is in poor condition. The RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1529 :south revetments of the lower and the upper channels are being repaired and provided with concrete superstructure. The outer end ,of the south pier carrying the lighthouse has been repaired. The ,controlling depth at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year was 15 feet. The total costs of permanent work under the existing Iproject are $80,205.04 for new work, $206,809.10 for maintenance, a total of $287,014.14. The total net expenditures under the existing project are $288,174.76. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended at the close of the 'fiscal year will be applied to maintenance as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 10 days, at $550, about July, 1930------------------------------------ $5, 500. 00 Complete re'nforcing substructure and rebuilding superstructure on 1,895 linear feet of south pier and revetment with United States plant in 1930----------------- --------------- 73, 000. 00 Riprap and fill piers and revetments, 4,000 tons of stone at $3, during the fiscal year-------------------------------- 12, 000. 00 Minor repairs to piers and revetments during the fiscal year ___ 1, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies---- 6, 994. 98 6-------------------- Total---------------------------------------------98, 494.98 'The available funds will be practically exhausted or obligated by June 30, 1931. Dredging is required annually for maintenance of project di- Tmensions of channel. The amount of $6,000 can, therefore, be profit- :ably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: NIaintenance : Operation of U. S. hopper dredge Meade, 8 days, at $550---- ___ $4,400 Minor repairs to piers and revetments_--- . ------------- __ 1, 000 Engineering and contingencies __ ____________________ 600 Total----------------------- 6, 000 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was fish, lumber, and unclassified package }freight. The usual limit of draft for vessels carrying unclassified package freight, comprising about 73 per cent of the total tonnage, was 15 feet; that for fish and the remaining miscellaneous traffic (27 per cent), was 8 feet. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925........---------- 24,882 $773, 700 6, 909 1928--------........-- 14, 562 $501, 100 5, 520 1926----.....----.._ 47, 606 1, 318, 550 4, 724 1929---------- 1, 606 394, 000 5, 006 1927 .... ___ 46, 992 758, 400 3, 948 The decrease of about 89 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to no receipts of coal and iron ore and to decreased receipts of lumber. The decrease in valuation was due to decreased tonnage. 1530 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial summary ------------------ Cost of new work to June 30, 1930___- $80, 205. 04 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930- ------ ___--- 206, 809. 10' Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 --------- 287, 014. 14 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930_-.... ___. 10, 472. 62 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_ ___----------------_ 297, 486. 76 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930__- ___ -__________- ___- 9. 49 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930-------------__- 297, 496. 25 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------___--- 9,321. 49 Net total expenditures ---------- ---------------- 288, 174. 76 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------98, 494. 98 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 --- 386, 669. 74 _--- Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work. - Cost of maintenance---------------------$3, 110. 89 $6, 850. 56 $5, 132. 75 $125. 03 $23,878. 74 Total expended-----------------------.......................... 3, 110. 89 6, 850. 56 -2, 495. 02 4, 830. 42 25, 039. 36 Allotted.--------------... . -- ------------- 3, 200. 00 5, 400. 00 2,369. 74 ------------ 117, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_______________-___ __ $6, 534. 34 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927----------------------------$7, 500 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------- ------------------ 83, 000 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929----------------------------26,500 117,000.00. Amount to be accounted for-.___ ______----- ____ 123, 534. 34 Gross amount expended--------- ----- 25, 039. 36 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_ ---__--____----- - 98, 494. 98 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_ ----- __----- --- _ 11, 784. 84 Balance available June 30, 1930 ----------------- ____ 86, 710. 14 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ---------------------------- ___ 9. 49 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930_----__.______- 86, 719. 63 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- ----- --- 30, 1932, for maintenance 6, 000. 00 28. PETOSKEY HARBOR, MICH. Location and description.-This harbor is on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 292 miles from Chicago and about 62 miles from the Straits of Mackinac. It is formed by a breakwater on the south shore of Little Traverse Bay, near its inner end, which shelters an area of about 25 acres. The nearest harbors are Charlevoix Har- bor, 17 miles a little south of west, and the fine natural harbor of refuge of Harbor Springs, 4 miles to the north. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 7, Lake Michigan.) 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1531 Original condition.--There was a landing pier, about 670 feet long, projecting into the open bay, with a depth of about 14 feet below low water (1860-1875) at its outer end. There was no protection from winds coming from between west and northwest. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved September 19, 1890, and modified by the river and harbor act approved July 13, 1892. There was expended on the original project prior to the commencement of operations under the existing project in 1895 the sum of $223.22 for new work. For further details of previous project, see page 1954 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a west stone and timber crib breakwater, which as completed has a total length of 1,345 feet. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes, of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 11/2 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1894, is $170,000; exclusive of amount expended on previous project. There is no adopted estimate of cost of maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 18, 1894, provided for a breakwater to shelter the landing pier according to the larger of the two projects (Annual Report for 1890, pp. 2673-2675); and the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, authorized a change of plan if the cost did not exceed the amount estimated to complete under the existing project. The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1896, page 2722. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The only terminal is at the outer end of a pier extending some 700 feet from the shore and sheltered by the break- water. It is used by all vessels. There is a warehouse connected with the shore by a roadway. A dock is to be built at the shore end of the breakwater for the receipt of coal. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The benefits are entirely local, affecting only a very small amount of general merchandise. Little Traverse Bay is an important summer-resort region, but such of this business as goes by water is carried on mainly through the near-by natural harbor of Harbor Springs. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operationsconsisted of the rebuilding of superstructure, in concrete, on the outer 900 linear feet of the west breakwater, which is in progress at the close of the fiscal year, at a cost of $18,324.62. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total cost was $18,324.62, for maintenance. The total net expenditures were $14,372.20. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in May, 1908. The superstructure on the entire length of crib breakwater is being rebuilt in concrete. At the end of the fiscal year the available depth below low-water datum was 15 feet to the end of the commercial landing pier. The total costs of permanent work under the existing project are $118,016.18 for new work, 1532 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 $36,585.22 for maintenance, a total of $154,601.40. The total net expenditures under the existing project are $150,648.98. Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended at the close of the- fiscal year will be applied to maintenance as follows: Maintenance: Complete rebuilding superstructure on 900 linear feet of west breakwater with United States plant in 1930__-.. ____-- $40,000.00 Riprap breakwater, 4,000 tons of stone, at $3, in 1930_ ....... 12, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies ----- __--------------- 3, 627. 80 Total-------------- ---------------------------- 55, 627. 80. The available funds will be sufficient for maintenance of the project to June 30, 1932, and no additional funds can be profitably expended. Commercial statistics.--The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was logs and unclassified package freight. The usual limit of draft for vessels carrying logs, comprising about 91 per cent of the total tonnage, was 10 feet; that for the remaining miscellaneous package freight (9 per cent), was 15 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925 ....---------- 2,223 $348, 500 498 1928----------...5, 419 $396, 300 1 38, 459 1926---------. 7, 996 422, 150 1 41, 660 1929___ - 10, 956 332, 800 1 30, 858 1927_ ..- ..- 9, 340 565, 400 130, 306 1 Includes ferry passengers from Harbor Springs and other near-by summer resorts on Little Traverse Bay. The increase of about 102 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, was due to increased receipts of logs. The decrease in valuation was due to decreased tonnage of unclassified package freight, which is of higher unit value than logs. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ___________________ __ $118, 239. 40 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 36, 585. 22 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 154, 824. 62 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 _.__ -__-- 4, 173, 44 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 -- __-_ ---- __ __- 158, 998. 06 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------8, 125. 86 Net total expenditures ------ _________ _ 150, 872. 20 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------- 55, 627. 80 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930___----- __ 206, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..........---- ------..... ---------------------------------------- ------------ Cost of maintenance ....-----------------------------........... ---------------------------- $18,324. 62 Total expended....-.- --- ,------------------------------------------------------- 14, 372. 20 Allotted----.......------------------------...................-..- ------------ ------------------------ 70, 000.00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT 1533 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ----------------------------------------- $45,000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927 ------------------------------------------ 25, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-.. ____-.___-__.-__-_- _ 70, 000. 00 Gross amount expended___________------- 4, 372. 20 1______________ Balance unexpended June 30, 1930________- _________ 55, 627. 80 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 -------........ ____ --- 18, 339. 70 Balance available June 30, 1930 -- _---------__---_____ 37, 288. 10 29. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of prelimi- nary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor line studies; fish net inspections; administration charges incurred in con- nection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor rou- tine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $7,275.46; the expenditures were $7,188.23. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $6,000 can be profitably ex- pended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------______________________' $9, 746. 61 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930____-___-------.--__---- 87. 23 Net total expenditures_____________ _______ 9, 659. 38 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 6, 640. 62 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_____________ 16, 300.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..-------------------------- Cost of maintenance---- ------------------------------------------ $2,471. 15 $7, 275. 46 Total expended---- --------------------------------------------- 2, 471. 15 7, 188. 23 Allotted.......... ...------------------------------------------------- $300.00 10,000.00 6, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929______________ _______________ $7,828.85 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------------ 6, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for--------------------------- 13,828.85 Gross amount expended_ ------------------------------------ 7, 188. 23 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_-----. -............. __ 6, 640. 62 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--_____----------------------------___ 121.83 Balance available June 30, 1930---______________--------------------- 6, 518. 79 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance ..----- _ _-- -__________ 6, 000.00 1 Exclusiveof available funds. 1534 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1930 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED HY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JULY 3, 1930 The local engineer was charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Escanaba Harbor, Mich. 2. Milwaukee Harbor, Wis. 3. Odconto Harbor, Wis. 4. Tw'o Rivers Harbor, Wis. 6. Manitowoo Harbor, Wis. 6. Green Bay Harbor, Wis., with a view to widening the outer channel to a minimum of 500 feet; also to renwving shoals in the Pow River at the outlet of East River, and providing a turning basin in this locality. 7. Port Washington Harbor, Wis. 8. Waterway connecting Lake Michigan with the Mississippi River by wazy of Green) Bay Harbor, Fow River, and connecting waters, the Portage Canal, and the Wisconsin River, Wis., with a view to pro- viding a 9-foot barge canal. 9. Leland Harbor, Mich. 10. Harbors at Glen Arbor and Glen Haven, Mich. 11. Petoskey Harbor,Mich. 12. Charleivoi Harbor, Mich. 13. Manistee Harbor, Mich. 14. Grand Haven Harbor, Mich., with a view to constructing suit- able breakwaters. REPORTS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, UNITED STATES SENATE, AND THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated August 27, 1929, a review of reports on Grand River, Mich., printed in House Document No. 103, Seventieth Con- gress, first session, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee on February 17, 1929, and printed in Senate Document No. 88, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project at an estimated cost of $118,500, with $21,500 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolution dated August 27, 1929, a review of reports on Man- istee Harbor, Mich., printed in House Document No. 599, Sixty- second Congress, second session, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee on April 9, 1930, and printed in Senate Document No. 131, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a depth of 23 feet from Lake Michigan to the outer end of the south piers and in the river to Manistee Lake, at an estimated cost of $45,000, with $2,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain provisions. By resolution dated February 27, 1929, a review of reports on Kenosha Harbor, Wis., printed in House Document No. 80, Sixty- sixth Congress, first session, was requested. Report thereon was transmitted to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, House of Representatives under date of October 19, 1929, but has not yet been printed. The improvement of this harbor, other than as authorized by the existing project, is not deemed advisable at the present time. RIVERS AND HARBORS--CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT 1535 IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE SEC- OND CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT This district includes the harbors on Lake Michigan from Wau- kegan, Ill., to Michigan City, Ind., inclusive, together with the navi- gable waterways entering Lake Michigan at Chicago and Michigan City, or between them, and the navigable tributaries of such waterways. District engineers: Lieut. Col. W. C. Weeks, Corps of Engineers, to October 7, 1929; Maj. H. J. Wild, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineers: Col. E. H. Schulz, Corps of Engineers, to October 26, 1929; Col. E. M. Markham, Corps of Engineers, since that date. 0 IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Waukegan Harbor, Ill____- 1535 5. Indiana Harbor, Ind .____ 1553 2. Chicago Harbor, Ill---------1539 6. Michigan City Harbor, Ind__ 1558 3. Chicago River, Ill,____-- __- 1544 7. Examinations, surveys, and 4. Calumet Harbor and River, contingencies (general) __ 1562 Ill. and Ind_----------- 1548 1. WAUKEGAN HARBOR, ILL. Location and description.-This harbor is on the west shore of Lake Michigan, distant about 51 miles south.of Milwaukee and about 38 miles north from Chicago. The harbor is entirely artificial and consists of an interior basin about 14 acres in area and a channel extending therefrom, between parallel piers, to deep water in Lake Michigan. The entrance to channel is protected on the north by a detached breakwater. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 74.) Original condition.-There was no navigable channel or natural harbor at this place, there being no river or creek emptying into Lake Michigan at this point susceptible to improvement. Previous projests.-An appropriation of $15,000 was made by the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852, for a breakwater. This work was abandoned. The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. This project was modified by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882. The cost and ex- penditures prior to commencement of the existing project in 1903, and including appropriation of $15,000 made by the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852, are $218,233.54 for new work, $15,710.87 for maintenance, a total of $233,944.41. (For further details of previous projects see p. 1940 of Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for: (a) A detached timber crib breakwater 600 feet long, and the construction of a northerly and westerly extension to shore about 1,300 feet long. (b) Two parallel piers of timber cribs and piling, about 240 feet apart, 1,610 and 3,207 feet long for the north and south pier, respectively, the inshore end of south pier being on a line diverging from the general line of the pier (Annual Report for 1906, p. 1760). (c) A channel 200 feet wide, 18 feet deep, extending from Lake Michigan to an inlner basin of the same depth, protected on the east side by a pile revetment 882 feet long; including a bulkhead estimated to cost $30,000, in front 11714--ENG 1930------97 1536 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, IU. S. ARMY, 1930 of the city park, with additional dredging near the lake end of the north pier, and an enlarging of the inner basin. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 16.9 feet on the lake survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual' mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and baro- metric pressure, of about 11/ feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1930, is $614,300, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, but includ- ing $30,000 (cost of bulkhead) to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1930) approved estimate of inual cost of maintenance is $7,000, on the completion of the project. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the parallel piers and basin (Annual Report for 1880, p. 1942); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the detached breakwater, for extending the piers and for the present channel dimensions (H. Doc. No. 343, 56th Cong. 1st sess.); the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the extension of the breakwater to shore, dredging near the outer end of the north pier and enlarging the inner basin (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 27, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map, see the last-mentioned document. Recommended modiflcdtions of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, provided that no work should be done on enlarging the inner basin until local' interests have given assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers that they will assume the cost of a bulkhead in front of the city park at an estimated cost of $30,000. These assurances have not been given. Terminal facilities.-These consist of two coal wharves with 2,400 feet frontage and one salt wharf with 900 feet frontage; none of which is open to general public use. There is one package-freight and fishing wharf having a frontage of 550 feet, owned by the city of Waukegan and open to the public on like terms for like service. The North Shore Coke & Chemical Co. has a wharf 1,000 feet long, equipped with a coal-handling tower. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-While the completion of the project has provided a fairly well-sheltered harbor, located at the northern ter- minus of the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway (known as the Chi- cago Outer Belt Line), which places it in close connection with all railways entering Chicago, there is but little general water-borne commerce at the present time, by far the greater part of the tonnage consisting of coal receipts. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under contract dated May 28, 1929, about 504 linear feet of the superstructure of the south pier was rebuilt in concrete. A contract for rebuilding about 1,067 linear feet of superstructure of the south pier was entered into on May 5, 1930, and about 192 feet of concrete foot blocks have been RIVERS AND HARBORS--CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT 1537 placed. In November, 1929, 38,970 cubic yards of material was dredged from the entrance channel where blocked by storms. In April, 1930, 72,515 cubic yards of material were removed from the channel. About 1,500 tons of riprap was placed around the ends of the breakwater and the lakeward end and channel side of the south pier. All dredging and riprapping was done with Government plant. The cost was $90,500.67, all maintenance. Total expenditures were $82,656.97. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 53 per cent completed, the work remaining to complete consisting of the work authorized by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930. The north pier, east revetment. and breakwater were com- pleted in 1904, and the south pier in 1909. The breakwater and east revetment are in good condition. About 1,067 linear feet of the superstructure of the south pier is dilapidated, and is being rebuilt in concrete. About 600 linear feet of the north pier is badly decayed and should be rebuilt as soon as possible. The controlling depth in channel and basin is believed to be 18 feet below low-water datum. No soundings have as yet been taken since dredging in April, 1930. The mean water level in June, 1930, was 1.46 feet above datum. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $814,261.59, of which $310,314.39 was for new work, and $503,- 947.20 for maintenance. Total expenditures were $805,964.45. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the mainte- nance work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended July 1, 1930: Dredging with Government plant----------------------------- $8, 000. 00 Emergency repairs to piers and breakwaters, by contract, or with Government plant---------------------------------------- 1, 500.00 Superintendence, engineering, contingencies, and overhead--------- 7, 692. 03 Payment of outstanding liabilities------------------------------ 590.90 Rebuilding superstructure of south pier under contract in force___ 74, 400. 74 Total--- --------- ----------------------------- 92, 183.67 The dredging will be done in the fall of 1930, or in the spring of 1931. Emergency repairs will be made if and when necessary. The funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The exterior breakwater should be extended to shore as soon as practicable under modified project adopted July 3, 1930. Annual dredging is necessary to prevent closure of the harbor by a shoal which forms across the harbor entrance. About 600 feet of the super- structure on the shore end of the north pier is badly decayed and should be rebuilt in concrete as soon as funds can be made available. Emergency repairs to piers and breakwaters will also be necessary. The additional amount which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, is as follows: Construction of shore arm extension to exterior breakwater, by con- tract (new work) ------------ ---------------------- $228, 000 Dredging with Government plant (maintenance) ----------------- 35, 000 Rebuilding 600 feet of superstructure of north entrance pier, by con- tract, at $80, (maintenance) -------------------------------- 48, 000 Experimental repairs to entrance piers, with Government plant (maintenance) ----------------------------- ------ 5, 000 Emergency repairs to piers and breakwaters, by contract, or with Government plant (maintenance) _---__----- -------------- 4, 000 1538 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ABRMlY, 1930 Superintendence, engineering, contingencies, and overhead: New work-------------------- ----- ..- $22, 000 Malntenance------------------------------ 8, 000 $30, 000 Total- - ____- --- 350, 000 The average cost of maintenance for the last five years was about $33,000. The increased amount now requested is due to the proposed repairs to piers and the necessity of more extensive dredging. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of this harbor for the calen- dar year 1929 consisted of coal, inbound, and a small local tonnage in fish. The usual limit of draft for coal-carrying vessels is 18 feet. Following is a statement of the commerce for the past five years: Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1925 --------------------- 94, 252 $2, 121, 850 1928-------------------- 267, 290 $1. 130, 986 1926...... -------------------- 97, 771 1, 911, 136 1929...-------------------- 265, 684 1, 180, 336 1927- -------------------- 67, 001 1,170, 483 Prior to 1928, there was considerable tonnage in package freight, but this commerce is now handled by railroad and motor-truck car- riers. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930- ----------------- $528, 547. 93 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------- 519, 658, 07 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------- 1, 048, 206. 00 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 --------------------- 8, 297. 14 Net total expenditures-----------------------------1, 039, 908. 86 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 92, 183.67 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------1,132, 092. 53 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ------------------------------------------ -- Cost of maintenance------------------ $35, 948. 78 $25, 846. 25 $19, 482. 51 $2, 947. 75 $90, 500. 67 Total expended...----....------....--------.....--35, 948. 78 25,846. 25 15, 266. 17 3, 903. 18 82, 656. 97 Allotted -----------------------........ ---- 19, 000.00 12, 000.00 21,192.53 55, 000.00 110,300.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ---- __-------------------- $64, 540. 64 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930 --------------------------------------- $80, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930______________---------26, 300. 00 Amount allotted by transfer from Calumet Harbor and River ---------------------------------------- 3, 000.00 Amount allotted by transfer from Chicago River------- 1, 000. 00 110, 300. 00 Amount to be accounted for___ --------------------------- 174, 840. 64 Gross amount expended--------------------------- 82, 690. 53 Less receipts from sales---------_-------------------- 33. 56 82, 656. 97 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 2, 183. 67 9---------------------- RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT 1539 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930- ------------------ $540. 38 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts--7---------4, 400. 74 $74, 941. 12 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------------- 17, 242. 55 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 2- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ____________ - -- -- - -- - -- - 274,000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work1 ________- - - - - - - _ - - - - - 250. 000. 00 For maintenance 1 - - - - - - - - - - ------------- - - - -- -- - - -- - - 100, 000.00 Total ----- ---------------------------------------- 350, 000.00 2. CHICAGO HARBOR, ILL. Location and description.-Northeastern Illinois, near the south- ern end of Lake Michigan; 80 miles in a southerly direction from Milwaukee, Wis. The harbor includes the protected areas in the lake and the entrance to Chicago River up to Rush Street (about 0.9 mile). An inner breakwater forms an inner basin of about 224 acres and protects the shore southward of the river entrance as far as Roosevelt Road (formerly Twelfth Street), about 7,000 feet. An exterior breakwater provides an exterior harbor of refuge of about 490 acres and protects the outer harbor and river entrance from seas north of east. The protected areas extend from a point opposite Oak Street on the north to a point opposite Roosevelt Road on the south, about 2.25 miles. Entrance to the river is between piers on a general westerly course. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 753.) Original condition.-This harbor could be used by none but the smallest craft, and then only when temporarily deepened by scour due to freshets. The Chicago River entered Lake Michigan about one-half mile south of its present mouth, across a shifting bar. Its width averaged about 200 feet. The harbor was limited to the por- tion of the river east of Rush Street, about one-half mile long. The depth over the bar was 3 to 4 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by river and harbor act of March 2, 1833, modified by river and harbor act of June 23, 1866, acts of March 2, 1867, and July 1, 1868, and river and harbor act of April 10, 1869. Work was continued under these proj- ects until 1870, the total cost and expenditures being $446,005, the division between new work and maintenance not being available. For further details of previous projects see page 1941 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the following work: (a) An inner breakwater, all of timber cribs, inclosing an inner basin of about 224 acres in extent, the breakwater being in two sections, as follows: The main inner breakwater 4,036 feet long with 300 feet of shore return on north end; a southerly extension 2,550 feet long. (b) An exterior breakwater inclosing an outer basin of about 490 acres in extent, the breakwater being in three sections, exclusive of gaps, as follows: The shore extension at north end built of timber cribs and 2,250 feet long; the main exterior breakwater built of timber cribs and 5,413 feet long; and the 1Exclusive of available funds. 2In addition, $30,000 is to be contributed by local interests. 1540 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 southerly extension built of rubble mound and concrete caissons and 5,000 feet long, exclusive of the harbor entrance gap of 500 feet. (c) Maintenance dredging to a depth of 21 feet of that part of the inner basin lying north of a line drawn eastwardly perpendicular to the eastern boundary of Grant Park, from the northern end of said boundary, and also of the entrance to Chicago River from the lake to Rush Street over a width varying from 470 to 190 feet. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 19.9 feet on the Lake Survey charts of this locality, which are referred to standard low water (578.5). Seasonal fluctuations in mean stage from low water in winter to high water in summer average about 1.2 feet. Local and temporary fluctuations of 0.1 to 0.5 of a foot due to wind and difference in barometric pressures occur daily. Seiches of 3 to 4 feet occur at in- frequent intervals. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1914 was $3,686,- 502.17, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $50,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 11, 1870, provided for the inner break- waters and inner basin (H. Doc. No. 114, 41st Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1879, pp. 1562-1567); the act of June 14, 1880, provided for the exterior breakwater (Annual Report for 1879, pp. 1562-1567) ; the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the present depth in the basin and entrance to Chicago River (Annual Report for 1897, pp. 2790-2791) ; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the shore arm and southerly extension of the exterior breakwater (H. Doc. No. 710, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of March 2, 1919, modified the area to be dredged in the inner basin (H. Doc. No. 1303, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map of this harbor is in the Annual Report for 1914, opposite page 2924. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--In 1864 the city of Chicago furnished the sum of $75,000, which was expended in dredging and in extending the north pier 450 feet, but no further details of this work are available. The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, which adopted the part of the project providing for the construction of a breakwater to form an outer harbor (b), contained a requirement that the work should " not be commenced until assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War shall have been received that the work contemplated by the city of Chicago as part of said improvement will be actually undertaken and completed by said city." The work referred to in this act which is to be undertaken by the city is the construction of municipal freight and passenger piers just north of the mouth of the river, to be known as city harbor district No. 1. The conditions thus imposed were met to the satisfaction of the Secretary of War June 5, 1914, and construction of Pier No. 2 (292 by 3,000 feet) was begun on March 13, 1914, and completed in May, 1916, at a cost of $3,508,517. The funds were derived from a bond issue by the 'city of Chicago. The city council of Chicago passed an ordinance on February 5, 1920, authorizing and directing the mayor and city clerk to convey RIVERS A'ND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT 1541 to the United States a piece -of filled land adjoining the. north pier approximately 100 by 500 feet for office, warehouse, and dock pur- poses in connection with local river and harbor work. This con- veyance has been executed and has been confirmed by the State of Illinois. Terminal facilities.-The outer harbor terminals consist of two slips, one opening off from the main river and one opening off from the inner basin; wharves fronting on the river itself, and a municipal pier extending into the outer basin from the lake front at the outer end of Grand Avenue. The slips, together with the river frontage, provide about 8,300 linear feet of wharfage which is used by various steamboat lines, lighterage companies, warehouses, coal yards, etc., all privately owned and operated, except 300 linear feet reservation owned by the United States Lighthouse Department and about 1,500 feet used by the Navy Department. The municipal pier, 3,000 feet long, was built by the city of Chi- cago, and a large portion of its berthing and warehouse space has been leased by the city to various transportation companies for local package-freight and passenger business. It is not equipped with freight-handling devices and has no rail connections, although such could easily be provided. It possesses excellent warehouse accom- modations on top levels (770,000 square feet) and first-class ap- proaches for teams, trucks, and trolleys. The outer harbor facilities are not entirely adequate for existing commerce. The municipal pier should be provided with freight- handling devices and rail connections. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvemnent. Transportation by water through this harbor has been greatly facilitated. The improvement has provided protection to the entrance to the inner harbor in the Chicago River and to the outer harbor established by the city of Chicago, and has reduced freight rates on a number of commodities, notably coal. Should the probable connection between the Great Lakes and other navigable waterways be made, it is believed the esonomic benefits to the community would be greatly enhanced. Operations and results during fiscal year.-About 50 linear feet of the superstructure of the northerly end of the inner breakwater, and 1,100 linear feet of the southerly extension of the inner breakwater, were rebuilt in concrete with hired labor and Government plant. Temporary repairs were made to both the exterior and inner break- waters which were damaged by storms in the fall of 1929. A contract was entered into under date of June 9, 1930, for rebuilding about 409 linear feet of damaged superstructure on the exterior breakwater in concrete. No work had been accomplished under this contract up to the end of the fiscal year. The cost was $71,515.70, all maintenance. Total expenditures were $96,006.11. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1923 at a saving of $276,658 under the estimated cost. The northerly arm of the inner breakwater (timber, completed in 1874), is in fair condition. The southerly arm (timber, completed in 1880) 1542 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 is in fair condition except its superstructure which is to be rebuilt in concrete (1,100 linear feet completed), and one crib which has been partially overturned and which will be replaced by a new crib. The exterior breakwater (timber, 5,413 feet, completed in 1889) is in good condition except about 409 linear feet of wrecked superstructure to be rebuilt in concrete. The shore arm (timber, 2,250 feet, completed in 1917 (is in good condition except the super- structure which is beginning to decay. The southerly extension (rubble mound, 2,270 feet, completed in 1917), and the south arm (rubble mound, 1,500 feet, completed in 1920 and concrete caisson, 1,188 feet with 42 feet of rubble mound connection, completed in 1923) are in good condition. The north pier (concrete superstruc- ture, 975 feet, completed in 1908 and the south pier, concrete, super- structure, 1,225 feet, completed in 1917) are in good condition. The controlling depth is 21 feet based on soundings taken in March, 1929, and referred to low-water datum. The mean water level in June, 1930, was 1.46 feet above datum. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $4,441,207.44, of which $3,409,844.22, was for new work, and $1,031,363.22, for maintenance. Total expenditures were $4,617,065.32. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the main- tenance work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended July 1, 1930 : Rebuilding 1,436 feet of superstructure of inner breakwater in concrete, by contract ___________-_--__________--__ $153, 200. 00 Emergency repairs to piers and breakwaters, by contract or with Government plant ---------------------------------------- 2, 000. 00 Emergency dredging of entrance channel, by contract ------------ 2, 000. 00 Annual repairs to floating plant, by hired labor---______--- 10, 000. 00 Superintendence, engineering, contingencies, and overhead------- 23, 242. 32 Payment of outstanding liabilities, office rent, etc----------------4, 162. 61 Repair of exterior breakwater under contract in force-----------0, 995. 85 Total ----------- --------------------------------- 255, 600. 78 Rebuilding the breakwaters will be done during the fiscal year 1931. The emergency repairs to breakwaters will be done if and when needed during the working season of 1930 and spring of 1931. Emergency dredging will be done if and when needed. Repairs to floating plant will be made in the winter of 1930 and in the spring of 1931. Funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The timber superstructure of the shore arm of the exterior break- water is deteriorating. Temporary repairs should be made to main- tain the structure until rebuilding in concrete is warranted. Funds should be available for emergency repairs to other piers and break- waters, and for dredging to maintain project depth in the entrance channel. The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance, is as follows: Repairs to shore arm, exterior breakwater, with Government plant-... $10, 000 Emergency repairs to piers and breakwaters, with Government plant__ 4, 500 Emergency dredging of entrance channel, by contract ------------ __ 5, 000 Annual repairs of plant- 8, 000 . Superintendence, engineering, contingencies, and overhead------- 2, 500 Total -------------------- 30, 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT 1543 Commercial statistics.--The principal receipts by lake during the calendar year 1929 consisted of coal, salt, stone, sugar, automobiles, and package freight. The draft of loaded vessels ranges from 14 to 20 feet. Attention is invited to the fact that Calumet Harbor and River afford additional harbor facilities within the city of Chicago and are treated of elsewhere in this report. Following is a statement of the commerce through Chicago Harbor for the past five years: Comparative statement Calendar Calendar Calendar Tons Value Passengers Ca ar Tons Value Passengers year year 1025-...... 2,139, 620 $214,189, 619 1,261,868 19282_-_ _.. 1,651,357 $169,138,098 711, 740 1926- .---- 2, 950, 979 176, 335,613 1, 135, 831 1929 3...---_ 1,545, 077 137, 456,058 764, 717 - 19271 ....... 2,177, 370 201, 100,687 808, 667 1 Includes Chicago River lake-borne traffic, viz, 1,619,525 tons, valued at $01,167,014. 2 Includes Chicago River lake-borne traffic, viz, 906,049 tons, valued at $43,674,541. a Includes Chicago River lake-borne traffic, viz, 786,648 tons, valued at $34,375,605. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----___------------------ $3, 855, 849. 22 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------- 1, 031, 363. 22 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------4, 887, 212.44 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---------- 171, 928. 52 Net total cost to June 30, 1930__------------------ 5, 059, 140. 96 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------ 7, 264. 07 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930-------------- 5, 066, 405. 03 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------ 3, 334. 71 Net total expenditures__----- ------ 5, 063, 070. 32 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------- 255, 600. 78 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ----------- 5, 318, 671.10 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.__..- ---- Cost of maintenance-------------------- $60, 348. 11 $122, 522. 24 $100, 226. 49 $87, 983. 87 $71, 515. 70 Total expended--........-.-.-.-.-.-----.- 60, 348. 11 122, 522. 24 251, 217. 17 86, 674. 01 96, 006.11 Allotted_.---------------.-..-.... .. .. . 125, 000. 00 125, 500.00 239, 521.27 100, 000. 00 227, 700. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------- $123, 906. 89 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930--------- ---------------------------- $30, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 -------------------- 197, 700.00 227, 700. 00 Amount to be accounted for --------------------- 351, 606. 89 Gross amount expended------- ---------- ------- 98, 270. 21 Less receipts from sales-------------------------- 2,264. 10 96, 006.11 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 --------------------- 255, 600. 78 1544 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------- $3, 334. 71 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts---------- 69, 087. 82 $72, 422. 53 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------------- 183, 178. 25 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ...---------------------------- 7, 264. 07 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930-------------. 190, 442.32 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 000. 00 3. CHICAGO RIVER, ILL. Location and description.-Cook and Lake Counties, Ill., the navi- gable portions being wholly in Cook County and the city of Chicago. The main river is formed by the junction of the North and South Branches at a point 0.7 mile west of Rush Street, the dividing line between the harbor and river projects, and about 1.6 miles west of the river entrance. The North Branch rises in Lake County and flows southeasterly for about 24 miles; the South Branch rises in the southern part of Cook County and extends northeasterly for about 10 miles. Chicago River, a nontidal stream, drains an area of about 300 square miles. Originally it flowed into Lake Michigan, but now it discharges into the Sanitary Canal (the current having been reversed in 1901) at the rate of about 8,500 cubic feet per sec- ond. The current varies from 0 to 3 miles or more according to conditions of rainfall, amount of diversion, and seiches. The fall per mile is about 0.32 foot and the average width 200 feet. The lengths of the sections included in the project total 3.96 miles. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 753.) Original condition.-The river, as a result of municipal and pri- vate improvements, was navigable for boats of about 14-foot draft over widths of about 200 feet throughout the main river and for boats of 12-foot draft for lesser widths for about 5 miles farther up each of the branches. Belmont Avenue was head of navigation on the North Branch and Ashland Avenue on the South Branch. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river -and harbor act of June 3, 1896, modified by acts of March 3, 1899, June 13, 1902, and March 2, 1907, and superseded by act of March 2, 1919. The cost and expenditures prior to adoption of the existing project (act of March 2, 1907) were $955,885.87 for new work and $109,462.55 for maintenance, a total of $1,065,348.42. For further details of previous projects see page 1942 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.--This provides for maintenance dredging to 21 feet below the hydraulic grade line corresponding to low-water datum in Lake Michigan of the Main River from Rush Street to the junction of the North and South Branches (0.7 mile) ; the North Branch from the junction to North Avenue (2.22 miles); the North Branch Canal (1.04 miles); and the North Branch Turning Basin, the chanhels and turning basin to be maintained to project depth to within 20 feet of existing docks.2 1 Exclusive of available funds: 2The width of channel in main river varies from 200 to 300 feet; in North Branch from 50 to 150 feet; and in the North Branch Canal from 70 to 110 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS--CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT 1545 The lengths in miles of the navigable portions of the river are as follows: Miles Main River from Rush Street to junction of North and South Branches__ 0. 70 South Branch and West Fork to Ashland Avenue_..... ---------- 4. 08 South Fork of South Branch to Chicago Junction Ry. bridges (east and west arms) ----------------------------------------------- 1. 59 North Branch to Belmont Avenue-------------------------------- 5. 14 North Branch Canal (Goose Island Cut-off) ------------------- 1.04 Total _-------------------------------- ---------------- 12. 55 All depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, with due allowance for hydraulic grade resulting from the drainage canal, which reaches a maximum of 2 feet at Ashland Avenue. Fluctuations in stage are practically those resulting from changes of water level in Lake Michigan. On Lake Michigan seasonal fluc- tuations in mean stage from low water in winter to high water in summer average about 1.2 feet. Local and temporary fluctuations of 0.1 to 0.5 of a foot, due to wind and difference in barometric pres- sures, occur daily. Seiches of 3 to 4 feet occur at infrequent intervals. The estimate of cost for new work (made in 1899) was $810,600, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the present channel depth; the act of March 2, 1907, was interpreted by the Chief of Engineers on April 11, 1908, as adopting the new work of the then existing project (H. Doc. No. 95, 56th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, which eliminated all work except maintenance of those portions described (H. Doc. No. 1294, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1914, opposite page 2928. Recqmmended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-In adopting the 21-foot project the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, prescribed that all the work of remov- ing and reconstructing bridges and piers and lowering tunnels nec- essary to permit a practicable channel of said depth to be obtained should be done, or caused to be done, by the city of Chicago without expense to the United States. The alteration of the tunnels was made the subject of special legislation in an act approved April 27, 1904. The tunnels have been lowered and the most obstructive bridges have been modified. The funds for lowering the tunnels were supplied by the traction company using them and those for removing or modifying obstructive bridges by the city of Chicago and owners of the bridges jointly. Cost of this tunnel and bridge work is not available. Terminal facilities.-In the Chicago River and its branches there is a total wharfage, including numerous slips, of about 150,000 feet, about 15,000 feet of which is used by private interests for shipping purposes. These terminals are owned and operated by steamboat lines, grain, coal, and lumber companies, and various other indus- tries. They are more than adequate iid extent for existing com- merce, but (except grain elevators and some coal-handling plants) are not mechanically equipped. There are no public docks, wharves, 1546 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 or other terminal facilities on the main river or its branches. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The size and capacity of steamers oper- ating in the river have increased, and all vessels have been enabled to move with greater freedom and safety. On the other hand, due to urban requirements, there has been a continual introduction of new bridges and of more or less obstructive currents for sewage con- veyance. The effect of these obstructions is cumulative, and com- merce upon the river has decreased, but it is believed that probable improvements of waterways connecting the Great Lakes with other waterways will be followed by renewed usefulness of the Chicago River through use of lighters and barges. Operations and results during fiscal year.--Under contract dated July 16, 1929, 398,118 cubic yards of material was dredged from the North Branch, North Branch Canal, and North Branch Turning Basin. Government plant laid up in the North Branch Turning Basin for the winter was overhauled and repaired by hired labor. Bids for dredging 70,000 cubic yards of material from the North Branch Canal and Turning Basin were opened on June 26, 1930. The cost was $167,845.64, all maintenance. Expenditures were $169,540.28. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1914 at a saving of $265,921 under the estimated cost. The controlling depths, based on soundings taken in January, 1930, are: In the main river, 21 feet; North Branch up to Ogden Avenue, 20.7 feet; Ogden Avenue to turning basin, 19 feet; North Branch Canal, 18.8 feet. Depths in the turning basin vary from 16 to 21 feet. Depths are referred to low-water datum. The mean water level in June, 1930, was 1.46 feet above datum. The heads of navigation for commercial vessels are Belmont Avenue on the North Branch and Ashland Avenue on the South Branch, 5.85 and 6.63 miles, respec- tively, from Michigan Avenue Bridge. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $1,103,541.10, of which $544,678.70 was for new work and $558,862.40 for maintenance. Total expenditures were $1,103,538.62. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the main- tenance work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended July 1, 1930: Dredging in the North Branch of Chicago River, including the North Branch Canal and turning basin, by contract---------$31, 500. 00 Superintendence, engineering, contingencies, and overhead----- 2, 926. 90 Payment of outstanding liabilities--------------------------- 45. 00 Total ------------- -------------------------------- 34, 471.90 The dredging will be done in the summer of 1930. Funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. Dredging to maintain project depth will be necessary. The addi- tional amount that can be profitably expended for maintenance work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, is as follows: Dredging, by contract _---------------------------------- $46, 000 Superintendence, engineering, contingencies, and overhead -------- 4, 000 Total - ---------------------------------- 50, 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT 1547 The average cost of maintenance for the last five years was about $34,000. The increased amount now requested is due to the necessity for more extensive dredging. Commercial statitiics.-Prior to 1926 the commerce of this river was reported under the head of Chicago Harbor. Receipts by lake during the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of coal, stone, sand, grain, sugar, and package freight. The draft of loaded ves- sels ranges from 14 to 20 feet. In addition to the lake commerce there is a large local commerce carried by lighters which during the year 1929 amounted to 55,000 tons valued at $12,375,000. Approx- imately 95,073 tons of freight was moved by railroad car floats between warehouses and terminals on the river. On the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal (Chicago Drainage Canal) a commerce of 523,493 tons was carried, consisting of gaso- line, oils and greases, and stone, and included 52,824 tons of crude oil from Muskegon, Mich. Sand brought in from the lake amounted to 431,928 tons. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1926 -------------..--- 12, 199, 084 $35, 014, 572 1928------------------ 11, 338, 019 $46, 428,444 1927----------------1 1, 983, 145 63, 583, 143 1929---------------- 11, 689, 245 38, 121, 620 1Includes receipts via Chicago Drainage Canal, and sand. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $1, 500, 564. 57 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__________------------------------ 668, 324. 95 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 2, 168, 889. 52 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 2.48 Net total expenditures--------- ----------------- 2, 168, 887.04 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ---------------------------- 34, 471. 90 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------------- 2, 203, 358. 94 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work........ Cost of maintenance,------------------ $10, 235. 27 $42, 936. 99 $24, 089. 96 $38, 769. 23 $167, 845. 64 Total expended....-----------------------10, 235.27 42, 936.99 18, 587.61 39, 009.62 169, 540. 28 Allotted------------------.. . ----------- 35, 000.00 26,000. 00 14,284. 51 23,000. 00 200,100.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----------------------------$3, 912. 18 Amount allotte dfrom War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930_------------------------ -- $33, 100 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act act approved Feb. 28, 1929---------------------------- 168,000 201, 100. 00 Amount to be accounted for____-- _____--------- -- __, 205, 012. 18 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-- _-------- - 1, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for--------- --------- -204, 012. 18 Gross amount expended1------------------------ 169, 540. 28 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------ --------------- 34, 471.90 1548 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_ _____- ___________ - $47. 48 Balance available June 30, 1930-------__________ ___ 34, 424. 42 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June ---- ---- 30, 1932 for maintenance __ _ 50, 000. 00 4. CALUMET HARBOR AND RIVER, ILL. AND IND. Location and description.-NortheasternIllinois (Cook County), near the southern end of Lake Michigan, 121/2 miles south of Chicago Harbor, and known on the Great Lakes as South Chicago Harbor, it being within the corporate limits of the city of Chicago. A part of the breakwater and of the anchorage behind the same are in Indiana. Entrance to the river is between parallel piers on a southwesterly course. A breakwater (timber crib) extends due east 4,463 feet from a point on the shore 3,000 feet northerly from river entrance, thence southeasterly 2,460 feet, protecting the anchorage area of about 424 acres and the river entrance. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 754.) Calumet River lies within the corporate limits of Chicago, in Cook County, Ill. It is formed by the junction of the Little Calu- met and Grand Calumet Rivers at a point about 7.12 miles south of the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway bridge, which is near the old shore line of Lake Michigan, but the section that is under gen- eral improvement extends from the mouth to and including Turning Basin No. 5 near "The Forks," where there is an entrance to Lake Calumet, a distance of 5.47 miles. The Little Calumet rises in Laporte County, Ind., and flows in turn westerly, northwesterly, and easterly for about 60 miles, it being a very crooked stream; the Grand Calumet rises in Lake County, Ind., and flows westerly for about 18 miles. The area of the Calumet River watershed is about 690 square miles. The current in the Little Calumet River is mod- erate except for brief periods during freshets, when it becomes rapid. In the Grand Calumet River the fluctuations are practically those resulting from changes of water level in Lake Michigan. The fall in the main river is negligible, and in the Grand Calumet practically none. In the Little Calumet .River the fall is about 0.3 foot per mile between its source and the entrance to the Calumet Sag Channel near Blue Island (about 7.4 miles above the junction). The opening of the Calumet Sag Channel has reversed the slope in the Little Calumet and main Calumet Rivers between this point and Lake Michigan. The total fall at present between Lake Michi- gan and the Sag Channel, a distance of 14.5 miles, is about 2.5 feet. The average width of the main river and of the Little Calumet River below Blue Island is about 200 feet, and of the Grand Calu- met River from 60 to 100 feet. Since the opening of the Sag Chan- nel by the Sanitary District of Chicago in 1922, under normal condi- tions of flow, the amount of withdrawal, inclusive of the flow of the Calumet River, has been approximately 700 cubic feet per second. The resulting current in the main river is quite sluggish and, on account of sudden changes in lake level, the river frequently dis- charges into Lake Michigan for a few hours or more. On account 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT 1549 of the lowering of the water surface the current in the Little and Grand Calumet has been accelerated also. During freshets, when the flood discharge amounts to 10,000 cubic feet per second or more, about 8,000 feet per second is discharged into Lake Michigan. Original condition.-The lower end of Calumet River paralleled the shore of Lake Michigan and entered the lake about 3,200 feet south of its present mouth; this portion had a narrow and crooked. channel averaging about 100 feet in width and from 4 to 7 feet in depth, and was practically useless for lake commerce. Before improvement of Calumet Harbor by the United States (1870) this river, while having a navigable channel about 100 feet wide and 13 feet deep for a length of about 4 miles, could not be reached from the lake by boats of over 4-foot draft because of the bar across its mouth, and its commerce was practically nothing. When the improvement of the river began, in 1884, the harbor work at its mouth had rendered the river navigable at a 12-foot draft for 4 miles and at a 5-foot draft for 16 miles and 14 miles, respectively, up the Grand Calumet and the Little Calumet from the mouth of the river. The commerce at that time was, however, less than 500,000 tons annually. Previous projects.-The original project for Calumet Harbor was adopted by river and harbor act of July 11, 1870, modified by river and harbor act of August 11, 1888. Work was continued under these projects until 1896, the total cost and expenditures being $454,484.53, the division between new work and maintenance not being available. The original project for Calumet River was adopted by river and harbor act of July 5, 1884, and modified by river and harbor act of August 5, 1886. The cost and expenditures under this original and modified project were $446,718.98, of which $401,488.50 was for new work and $45,230.48 for maintenance. (For further details of pre- vious projects see p. 1943 of Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for the following work: (a) A breakwater (timber crib) 4,400 feet long, running from the shore due east, together with an extension of the same 2,500 feet long in a southeasterly direction. (b) Deepening of anchorage area (about 366 acres in extent) sheltered by breakwater to 21-foot depth.' (o) Extension of south pier (timber crib) 800 feet. (d) Deepening Calumet River entrance to 21-foot depth' from the lake to the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway Co. bridge near the old shore line, the channel to be 200 feet wide at the surface and 160 feet wide at the bottom at the inner end, and widened at the outer end. (e) A channel 200 feet in width, with 20-foot navigable depth 2 from the mouth of the river at the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway bridge, near the old shore line of Lake Michigan, to The Forks (5.47 miles), with five turning basins located at intervals between these points. The turning basins above the one nearest the mouth to be of such shape and dimensions as will enable a vessel 650 feet in length to turn with ease and the turning basin at The Forks to have a water-surface diameter of 750 feet. Fluctuations in stage of the river are practically those resulting from changes of water level in Lake Michigan. On Lake Michigan seasonal fluctuations in mean stage from low water in winter to h4gh 1 Low-water datum for Lake Michigan (see report Chicago Harbor), to which all depths at this harbor are referred. 2 In order to give a navigable depth of 20 feet, the estimates provide for dredging to a depth of 21 feet (low-water datum for Lake Michigan) below One hundred and twepty- second Street and 21.5 feet above that point. 1550 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY 1930 water in summer average about 1.2 feet. Local .and temporary fluctuations of 0.1 to 0.5 foot, due to wind and difference in barometric pressures, occur daily. Seiches of 3 to 4 feet occur at infrequent intervals. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $2,140,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $70,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (Annual Report for 1896, pp. 2584 et seq., and H. Doc. No. 277, 54th Cong., 1st sess.), and amended by the Secretary of War on July 11, 1902, under authority of the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The act of March 3, 1905, provided for the present channel dimen- sions between the mouth of the river and One hundred and twenty- second Street, 4.2 miles, and for the five turning basins (H. Doc. No. 172, 58th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the present dimensions of the channel between One hundred and twenty-second Street and The Forks, and of the turning basin ad- joining the upper limit of the project at The Forks. (H. Doc. No. 349, 60th Cong., 1st sess.) The widening of the outer end of the entrance channel was author- ized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919. (H. Doc. No. 237, 63d Cong., 1st sess.) The act of September 22, 1922, consolidated the two projects for Calumet Harbor and Calumet River to form a single project for Calumet Harbor and Calumet River, Ill. and Ind. The latest pub- lished maps appear opposite pages 2930 and 2932, Annual Report for 1914. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.--The act of March 3, 1905, required as a con- dition precedent to Federal expenditure upon any one of the five turning basins the donation to the United States of the land neces- sary for that turning basin. As a result the land needed for turning basins Nos. 1, 3, and 5 has been conveyed to the United States. The total area thus conveyed is 17.85 acres, and the value of the land at the time of its conveyance was approximately $35,700. Terminal facilities.-All terminal facilities on the lake front and in the entrance channel up to the Elgin, Joilet & Eastern Railway bridge are owned and operated by the Illinois Steel Co. and the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co., except a 450-linear-foot reservation owned by the Engineer Department. The Illinois Steel Co.'s terminal consists of two slips, one 2,900 feet long opening inland from the lake front adjacent to the shore end of the breakwater, and one about 1,300 feet long opening inland from the harbor entrance channel. It also owns about 2,500 feet of wharfage along the lake front protected by the breakwater. The wharf of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co., about 2,961 feet long, is located 50 feet back of and parallel to the face of the old south pier, which has been removed. These terminals are fully equipped and are considered adequate for existing commerce. Between the Elgin, Joilet &. Eastern Railway bridge and The Forks there is about 45,800 feet of wharfage, including 14 slips and dry docks, of which about 31,300 feet is in use. These wharves are owned and operated by various private and industrial concerns RIVERS AND HARBORS--CHICAGO, ILL . , DISTRICT 1551 handling ore, coal, grain, lumber, etc. About 3,600 feet are in use for shipbuilding purposes. The ore, grain, and coal wharves are fully equipped and are considered adequate for existing commerce. There are no public wharves on the Calumet River. A permit for the creation of an industrial harbor in Calumet Lake was issued to the city of Chicago by the Secretary of War on December 16, 1922. No work has been done on this development to the present time. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Transportationby water has been greatly facilitated. This harbor affords cheap freight rates to a large num- ber of industrial plants, elevators, and coal docks, many of which are dependent for their existence upon the facilities the harbor affords. There is a marked differential in favor of this harbor over Chicago Harbor proper in freights on water-borne commerce, mainly due to congestion and obstructions in the Chicago River. Operations and results during fiscal year.--No field operations were undertaken during the year. The cost was $2,343.55, all maintenance. Expenditures were $4,663.30. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 96 per cent completed. The breakwater (concrete superstructure com- pleted in 1924) is in good condition. Under permit from the Sec- retary of War, the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. and its prede- cessors have removed all of the South Pier (completed in 1897) and rebuilt the frontage with a concrete dock wall 2,961 feet in length. The entrance channel and river up to the plant of the Fed- eral Furnace Co., a distance of about 3 miles, have full project depth in midchannel of 21 feet. From the Federal Furnace Co. to the "rock section," a distance of 0.46 miles, the controlling midchannel depth is 19 feet. Through the "rock section," 0.32 miles, the con- trolling midchannel depth is 171/2 feet. From the "rock section" to Torrence Avenue, a distance of 1.6 miles, depths vary from 19 to 21 feet, diminishing to 13/2 feet at turning basin No. 5. Depths in the turning basin average about 7 feet. Depths to the upper limits of the " rock section" are based on soundings taken in June 1930. Depths above are based on soundings taken in spring of 1929. All depths are referred to low water datum. The mean water level in June, 1930, was 1.46 feet above datum. The head of navigation for commercial vessels is at "The Forks," the present limit of Government improvement. The work remaining to be done to com- plete the project is the construction of turning basins Nos. 2 and 4. This work awaits the cession of the necessary land, free of cost, to the United States. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $3,224,375.81, of which $1,947,308.07 was for new work and $1,277,067.14 for maintenance. Total expenditures were $3,226,- 345.70. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the main- tenance work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended July 1, 1930: 11714---ENG 1930-98 1552 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Dredging of channel, by contract ____--------------------------- $36,500.00 Emergency repairs to piers and breakwaters, by contract, or with Government plant --------------------------------------- 2, 000.00 Superintendence, engineering, contingencies and overhead-------- 3,276.27 Payment of outstanding liabilities_______------------___ - 1, 375. 17 Total-- ------------------------------------------- 43, 151. 44 The dredging will be done in the summer of 1930. Repairs to piers and breakwaters will be made whenever needed during the working season of 1930 and the spring of 1931. Funds will be ex- hausted by June 30, 1931. Dredging to maintain project -depth in the channel up to the New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad bridge will be necessary to provide for the present needs of navigation. Additional heavy riprap is needed at the outer end of the breakwater to protect the lighthouse structure. Minor repairs to piers and breakwaters will probably be necessary. The additional amount that can be profit- ably expended for maintenance work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, is as follows: Dredging, by contract ------- __-____-__ __ $46, 000 Riprapping breakwater, by contract -----_-------- 10, 000 Emergency repairs to piers and breakwaters with Government plant__ 3, 000 Superintendence, engineering, contingencies and overhead-----------6, 000 Total------------------------------------------------ 65, 000 The average cost of maintenance for the last five years was about $55,000. The increased amount now requested is due to the neces- sity for breakwater repairs and for more extensive dredging. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted principally of iron ore, iron and steel products, limestone, coal and grain. The maximum loaded draft of vessels using the harbor is 21 feet; that for vessels using the river is 20 feet. Following is a statement of the commerce passing through Calumet Harbor for the past five years: Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1925_ -------------- 12, 286,170 $103,172, 037 1928 ----------------- 15, 725, 598 $81,139, 457 1926_---- ..-..---. 12, 029, 028 80, 134, 628 1929 ----------------- 15, 105, 146 76, 288, 353 1927 ....-------- 11, 554, 529 78, 719, 402 The above tonnage includes imports of 150,745 tons of sand; and exports of 51,825 tons of steel products and 66,241 tons of grain. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__------------------------ $2, 803, 281.10 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 -- __---------------- 1, 324, 641. 77 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------- 4, 127, 922. 87 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930__111 1111111111111__ 111 373. 66 Net total expenditures _____________ 4, 127, 549. 21 _------- Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------------- -- 43,151. 44 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------ 4, 170, 700. 65 RIVERS AND HARBORS CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT 1553 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..----------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------- $88, 512. 50 Cost of maintenance....... $94, 325. 46 $47, 909. 10 $46, 105. 17 $2, 343. 55 Total expended-----------............--.- - 88, 512. 50 94, 325. 46 -44, 477. 18 46, 579. 88 42663. 30 Allotted_--.--------.-.----.-.--..-.. 90, 000.00 50, 000.00 -49, 418.33 48, 000. 00 -1, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1.929 _---- _---------------------- $48, 814. 74 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ------------------------------------------- 42, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_ ----- ---------------------- 90, 814. 74 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-------------- 43, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for----------------------- 47, 814. 74 Gross amount expended------------------------------------ 4, 663. 30 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------- -- 43, 151.44 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_-_1------------- 1, 375.17 Balance available June 30, 1930---------------------- 41, 776. 27 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion --- - - -- - - -- - -- -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - -- of existing project__ 192, 900.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - 30, 1932 for maintenance 6 5, 000. 00 5. INDIANA HARBOR, IND. Location and description.-NorthwesternIndiana (Lake County), on southwest shore of Lake Michigan, 18 miles southeast of Chicago Harbor. This is an entirely artificial harbor, consisting of an outer harbor and an inner harbor channel, the dividing line being at the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway bridge, the outer of a group of five railroad bridges crossing the channel near the old shore line. The outer harbor is about 3,200 feet long and 300 to 350 feet wide between solid fills owned by private interests, and includes, for purposes of improvement, the channel connecting it with deep water in the lake. The inner harbor channel, known as the Indiana Harbor Canal, is projected by private interests to be 3.5 miles long from the outer harbor to the Grand Calumet River, with an arm 1 mile long toward Lake George. This private enterprise is causing to be deeded to the United States lands required for the projected harbor. A northerly rubble-mound breakwater about 3,700 feet long, completed in 1922, and an easterly concrete-caisson breakwater about 3,402 feet long, completed in 1926, protects an area of about 270 acres from north and northeast seas. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 754.) Original condition.-Priorto 1910, when the United States as- sumed charge of the harbor, two piers had been constructed 300 feet apart extending into Lake Michigan from about 500 feet inside the shore line, and the area between them dredged to a depth of 21 feet by private enterprise, which had also done considerable excavation of the inner harbor channel. Previous praject.-The original project, included in the present project was adopted by river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. Cost and expenditures: For new work, $60,667.41; for maintenance, 1Exclusive of available funds. 1554 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 $2,509.54; total, $63,176.95. For further details of previous project, see page 1943 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for: (a) A northerly rubble-mound breakwater 2,520 feet long and an easterly reinforced concrete-caisson breakwater 3,402 feet long, the construction and placing of a lighthouse crib, and dredging the breakwater entrance. (b) An outer harbor channel increasing in depth from 23 feet at the inner end to 26 feet at the north entrance. (c) An inner harbor channel 22 feet deep and 160 feet wide from the outer harbor to White Oak Avenue on the Lake George branch and for a distance of 550 feet south of the south end of the turning basin at the forks in the Calumet River branch, and the maintenance of a channel 20 feet deep and 80 feet wide in the remainder of that branch except the removal of sewage deposits and other city refuse, after completion and acceptance from private parties. (d) The construction of a turning basin at the forks, 22 feet deep. The United States has accepted as completed and assumed the maintenance of 7,400 feet of the main inner channel, all of the exten- sion toward Lake George, and 550 feet of the Calumet River branch south of the turning basin at the forks. That part of the channel from the end of the 550-foot section mentioned above to the Grand Calumet River has not as yet been completed by local interests or accepted for maintenance by the United States. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. These depths correspond to depths of 20.9 and 18.9 feet, respectively, on the Lake Survey Chart of this locality. Seasonal fluctuations in mean stage from low water in winter to high water in summer average about 1.2 feet. Local and temporary fluctuations of 0.1 to 0.5 of a foot, due to wind and difference in barometric pressures, occur daily. Seiches of 3 to 4 feet occur at infrequent intervals. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $2,088,480, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $70,000 until the unprotected banks of the canal have become stabilized, and $40,000 thereafter. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the outer harbor and the maintenance of the inner harbor channel (H. Doc. No. 1113, 60th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 4, 1913, originally provided for the breakwaters (H. Doc. No. 690, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the lighthouse crib, dredging the breakwater entrance, and for the present lengths and alignment of breakwaters (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 6, 65th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 20, 1922, modified the length of channel to be maintained in extension to Lake George (Public, No. 176, 67th Cong.), and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the present channel dimensions and for the turning basin at the forks (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 21, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, authorized the Secre- tary of War to modify the project so far as relates to length and alignment of breakwaters and to sell to the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. approximately 1,180 linear feet of the shoreward end of RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT 1555 the existing north breakwater, for the sum of $90,000 and apply this sum to the extension of the east breakwater. The sale was consum- mated and the amount credited to the appropriation September 20, 1925. Recomrmended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, re- quired that the channel way, owned by private interests, be deeded to and accepted by the United States. This condition was met to the satisfaction of the Secretary of War on October 28, 1910. The river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, contained the proviso " that before construction of breakwater is commenced satisfactory as- surance will be given to the Secretary of War that the existing piers will be reconstructed and a suitable public dock or wharves pro- vided by local parties without expense to the United States." The satisfaction of the Secretary of War with the fulfillment of these conditions was expressed on May 1, 1914. Subsequently, under permits of the Secretary of War, the piers previously mentioned were replaced by solid wharves, to be later surmounted by concrete superstructure. By act of Congress approved March 2, 1929, the Secretary of War was authorized to accept a tract of land containing approximately 2.3 acres at the forks for future turning-basin purposes. This land has been conveyed to the United States. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, in adopting the present project depth and width in the inner harbor canal did so with the proviso that no work of widening shall be done until local interests have bulkheaded the adjacent banks or shall have furnished releases from abutting owners on both sides of the waterway, saving the United States harmless against any and all claims for damages on account of erosion, bank losses, and other consequences connected with obtaining and maintaining the channel dimensions. It further provided that no work shall be undertaken on the turning basin at the forks until all property adjacent thereto shall have been im- proved at local expense by substantial bulkheads. Neither of these provisions have been carried out. Terminal facilities.-There is now in existence or under construc- tion about 26,700 feet of wharfage along the main channel and the extension toward Lake George. Of this amount about 5,100 feet along the outer harbor and the inner harbor channel is being used by steel, oil, and construction companies. The wharves now in use are fully equipped and are considered adequate for existing commerce. The city of Indiana Harbor is the owner of two sites for municipal water terminals, 300 feet and 600 feet long, respectively, which have not yet been developed for use. (For full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--he improvement has provided good water transportation for a large industrial territory that was with- out such facilities, and now that most of the improvement is com- pleted, indications are that a large water-borne commerce will develop with the establishment of new industries attracted to the locality. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under contracts dated April 15, 1929, and April 1, 1930, approximately 34,100 cubic yards 1556 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 of material was dredged from the Indiana Harbor Canal to restore the project depth of 20 feet. Approximately 260 tons of riprap stone was placed alongside the concrete caisson breakwater by hired labor and Government plant. This stone was surplus stock on hand. The cost was $28,925.82, all maintenance. Expenditures were $29,634.51. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 73 per cent completed. The north breakwater (rubble mound 2,520 feet, completed in 1922) is in good condition. The east breakwater (concrete caisson, 3,402 feet, completed in 1926) is in good condition with the exception of portions of the superstructure, which have dis- integrated to some extent. The outer harbor and entrance channel have a depth of more than 21 feet. Dredging to restore the project depth of 20 feet in the canal up to Forsythe Avenue was completed May 21. Depths are referred to low-water datum. The mean water level in June, 1930, was 1.46 feet above datum. The head of navi- gation for commercial vessels is at the Baltimore & Ohio Chicago Terminal Railroad bridge on the Lake George branch about 3 miles from the outer harbor. T he part of Indiana Harbor Canal between a point 550 feet south of the turning basin at the forks and Grand Calumet River, which was to have been dredged by local interests to a depth of 20 feet and a bottom width of 80 feet, has not as yet been completed nor accepted by the United States for maintenance. The work remaining to complete the project is that authorized by the river and harbor act appoved July 3, 1930. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $1,738,726.22, of which $1,505,480.63 was for new work and $233,- 245.59 for maintenance. Total expenditures were $1,737,297.27. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the main- tenance work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended July 1, 1930: Emergency repairs to piers and breakwaters, by contract or with Government plant------ ------------------------------- $5, 000. 00 Riprapping caisson breakwater, by contract or with Government plant------- ---------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Superintendence, engineering, contingencies, and overhead----------1, 778. 69 Payment of outstanding liabilities and contract obligations----------2, 192. 70 Total --------------------------------------------- 13, 971. 39 The repairs and riprapping will be done if and when needed in the fall of 1930, or the spring of 1931. The funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. Dredging to produce the new project depth and width in the channels and the construction of a turning basin at the forks under modified project adopted July 3, 1930, should be undertaken as soon as funds can be made available. Annual dredging to maintain project depth in the channel is neces- sary to accommodate the deep-draft vessels using the harbor. There has been some deterioration of the breakwaters, and emergency repairs will be needed. Additional riprap is required around the caisson breakwater. The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, is as follows: RIVERS AND HIARBORS--CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT 1557 Dredging outer harbor channel to project depth of 23 to 26 feet, by contract (new work) __--.. _----------. ..-- ___ __ __ $28, 200 -- - -- Dredging inner harbor canal toward producing the project depth of 22 feet for width of 160 feet, by contract (new work) 91, 000 Construction of turning basin at forks, by contract (new work) Maintenance dredging, by contract____ 61, 800 63, 000 ----- Riprapping caisson breakwater, by contract (maintenance) 10,000 Emergency repairs to breakwaters, by contract, or with Government plant (maintenance) 5, 000 Superintendence, engineering, contingencies, and overhead: New work ---------------------------------- $19, 000 Maintenance ---------------------------------- 8, 000 27, 000 Total ----------------------------------------------- 286, 000 The average cost of maintenance for the last five years was ap- proximately $43,000. The larger amount now requested is due to the necessity for providing for more extensive dredging and for riprapping the caisson breakwater. Commercial statistics.-The lake commerce for the calendar year 1929 consisted of iron ore, limestone, coal, gasoline and oils, manu- factured iron, and steel. The average loaded draft of the vessels using the outer harbor is 21.6 feet, that of the vessels using the inner harbor channel is 18.8 feet, with a maximum of 19.6 feet. Following is a statement of the commerce for the past five years: Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1925_--.--- _-----_ 5, 287, 760 $43, 770, 780 1928-----------------............... 7, 359, 702 $54, 438, 603 1926-.-_ _.----- --- 5, 881, 043 44, 674, 750 ---- 1929----------------................. 7, 490, 673 70, 836, 212 1927_. -------- __----- 5, 787, 919 40, 102, 774 The increase in tonnage, principally in coal, limestone, and iron ore, was due to increased activity in the steel industry. The ton- nage included imports of 8,683 tons and exports of 40,332 tons. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ............... $1, 566, 148. 04 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 235, 755.13 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1.930---------- 1,801,903. 17 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930---------------- ___ 1, 428. 95 Net total expenditures --- - - -------------- _ 1, 800, 474. 22 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 --- 13,971. 39 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ----------- 1, 814, 445. 61 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .....--------------------- $16, 582. 10 $66, 442. 29 -------------- Cost of maintenance......-------------------22,854.00 47,901.84 $9, 293. 30 $9, 096.22 $28, 925.82 Total cost_-..--..- --.----..- 39,436. 10 114, 344. 13 9, 293. 30 9, 096. 22 28,925.82 Total expended--....._------------------- 39, 436. 10 114, 344. 13 19, 590. 61 8, 898. 59 29,634. 51 Allotted----------------------------- 35,000.00 35, 000.00 14,235.43 25,000.00 .......... 1558 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ------------------------ $43, 605. 90 Gross amount expended_ -------------- --------- --- 29, 634. 51 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-- --------- __--- 13, 971.39 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1.930------------------ $0. 25 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts__- 1, 428. 70 1, 428. 95 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------ 12, 542. 44 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - -- - -- - -- -- - -- - -- - -- -- - -- existing project 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 583, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - - - - - - 200, 000. 00 For maintenance 1 - - - - - 86, 000. 00 -- --- ---- --- - - -- - -- - -- - - -- Total 1 - - - --- --- --- - ---- 286, 000. 00 6. MICHIGAN CITY HARBOR, IND. Location and descripimon.-Northwestern Indiana (in Laporte County), on the southeasterly shore of Lake Michigan, 38 miles in a southeasterly direction from Chicago Harbor. The harbor includes the entrance to Trail Creek on a general southeasterly course between piers, 1,470 and 2,300 feet long, respectively, protected by a detached breakwater 1,304 feet long; a channel to the Lake Erie & Western Railroad bridge (about 2 miles above the outer end of west pier), varying from 260 to 100 feet in width; and an outer basin (about 35 acres in extent), formed by an east breakwater, 1,411 feet long and an old east pier 1,225 feet long. The outer basin can only be used by small craft, the only opening being 15 feet wide. The upper portion of the channel has shoaled so as to be without practical value. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 75.) Original condition.-The only harbor at this place was within the month of Trail Creek; the depth over the bar outside the entrance was about 9 feet, and at the entrance to the creek a shoal and crooked stream, 31/2 feet or less. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by river and harbor act of July 3, 1836, and work was continued under this proj- ect until 1870, total cost and expenditures being $287,388.97, the division between new work and maintenance not being available. For further details of previous project, see page 1944 of Annual Report for 1915. Eoisting project.-This provides for a detached breakwater, east and west entrance piers, and a dredged channel, 120 to 150 feet wide and 18 feet deep, from Lake Michigan to the upper of two turning basins which are also to have a depth of 18 feet. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. These depths correspond to depths of 20.9 and 18.9 feet, respectively, on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Seasonal fluctuations in mean stage from low water in winter to high water in summer average about 1.2 feet. Local and temporary fluctuations of 0.1 to 0.5 foot, due to wind and difference in baro- metric pressures, occur daily. Seiches of 3 to 4 feet occur at infre- quent intervals. x Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT 1559 The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1927, is $1,153,600, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. The latest (1927) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project is based on the following reports and river and harbor acts: The " east breakwater" and " old east pier " inclos- ing the outer basin were based on the recommendations of a board of engineers as published in Annual Report for 1870. The original en- trance piers were constructed prior to the project of 1870. The east pier was extended in accordance with reports of boards of engineers as published on pages 2187-2189, Annual Report for 1881, pages 2264-2266, Annual Report for 1882; and in accordance with river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. The west pier as at present located and the present entrance-channel dimensions were authorized by joint resolution of Congress approved May 13, 1908. (Public, No. 23.) The upper limit of the inner channel is in accordance with the An- nual Report for 1882. The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the de- tached breakwater in accordance with the report published on pages 2903-2904, Annual Report for 1897; the act of March 3, 1905, pro- vided for the lower turning basin. The act of January 21, 1927, pro- vided for the present depth in the channel and turning basins, the elimination of the improvement of Trail Creek above the middle turning basin and of the uncompleted portion of the detached break- water, and the abandonment of the old breakwater and pier inclosing the harbor basin. (H. Doc. No. 279, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) The latest published map appears opposite page 2938, Annual Report for 1914. Recommended modifTcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1867, contained the following item: SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the appropriation of $75,000 for con- structing works and improving the entrance into the harbor of Michigan City, Ind., made in and by the act approved June 23, 1866, shall be expended for the purpose aforesaid, upon the terms and in the manner hereinafter provided for other appropriations under this act: Provided, That it shall be first shown to the satisfaction of the Secretary of War that the sum of $100,000 has been expended by the Michigan City Harbor Co. in the construction of a safe and convenient harbor at that place. The details of the work done under the provisions of the act above cited are not available, but that the conditions imposed were satis- factorily met is evidenced by the following extract from Annual Re- port for 1876 (pp. 26 and 27) : The Michigan City Harbor Co., having made satisfactory exhibit of their expenditures to the amount of $100,000, Major Wheeler, in a letter to the Chief of Engineers, dated June 24, 1867, recommended that the Government appro- priation of $75,000 be made available. This was approved, and arrangements were made for the prosecution of the improvement. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities at this harbor consist of about 15,000 feet of wharfage, about 2,000 feet of which is owned by the city. About 1,000 feet is in use. The terminal facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doec. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Transportation by water through this harbor has been facilitated. No definite information as to effect of the improvement on water rates is obtainable, but it is known 1560 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, -U. S. ARMY 1930 that in a general way the improvement has a tendency to reduce local rates between Michigan City and Chicago. The southern end of Lake Michigan being quite shallow and hav- ing a northern exposure of about 300 miles, is subject to very severe storms, which force the lighter craft to seek shelter. Michigan City Harbor serves as an excellent harbor of refuge on these occasions, so in this respect particularly the improvement is of considerable value. Operations and results during fiscal year.-About 5,286 tons of heavy stone was placed by contract in and around the east pier as temporary repairs to damage done by storms in fall of 1929. Re- building of the east pier in concrete with hired labor and Govern- ment plant was started in the spring of 1930. At the end of the fiscal year about 425 feet of superstructure on the timber cribs and about 425 feet on pile pier had been removed. About 100 feet of concrete foot blocks had been molded on the cribs. The cost was $59,954.74, all maintenance. Total expenditures were $65,287.17. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in May, 1929, at a saving of $15,202 under the estimated cost. The detached breakwater (concrete superstructure completed in 1925) is in good condition. The east entrance pier (timber com- pleted in 1902) was badly damaged by the storms of 1929 and is being rebuilt with concrete superstructure. The west entrance pier (timber, completed in 1909) is in poor condition and will require rebuilding at an early date. The controlling depth in the channel from Lake Michigan to the Frankin Street Bridge is about 171/2 feet. From Franklin Street to the upper limits of the project, the minimum depth is 14 feet, except in the draw of the Michigan Cen- tral Railroad bridge, where the depth is only 12 feet. Depths are based on soundings taken in May, 1929, and are referred to low- water datum. The mean water level in June, 1930, was 1.46 feet above datum. The head of navigation for commercial vessels is the Sixth Street Bridge, 1.2 miles above the outer end of the west pier. Above this point depths are sufficient for small launches only. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $1,843,076.85, of which $1,139,906.39 was for new work and $703,170.46 for maintenance. Total expenditures were $1,847,286.97. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the main- tenance work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended July 1, 1930: Rebuilding superstructure of east entrance pier, with Govern- ment plant----------- ------------------------------- $152, 000. 00 Dredging, by contract-------------------------------------15, 000. 00 Emergency repairs td piers and breakwaters, with Government plant , 000. 00 5------------------------- Superintendence, engineering, contingencies, and overhead-------- 20, 394. 63 Payment of outstanding liabilities, and contract obligations------ 20, 147. 79 Total __------------------------------------------ 212 52. 42 The outstanding liabilities and contract obligations are for ma- terials purchased for rebuilding the east pier. Repairs to the east pier will be made during 1930. Dredging will be done in fall of 1930, or in the spring of 1931. Emergency repairs to piers and breakwaters will be made if and when necessary. Funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT 1561 The superstructure of the west entrance pier is badly decayed and should be rebuilt in concrete as soon as funds can be provided. Owing to the condition of the timber portion of the east pier, it is very probable that emergency repairs will also be necessary. Additional dredging will be needed to maintain project depths. The additional amount that can be profitably expended for maintenance during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, is as follows: Rebuilding about 885 feet of superstructure of west pier in concrete at $115 per foot, with Government plant, or by contract- -__---- $101, 775 Dredging, by contract, or with Government plant--------- -------- 5, 000 Emergency repairs to piers, with Government plant---------------- 3, 000 Superintendence, engineering, contingencies and overhead----------- 10, 225 Total-- -------------------- ---------------------- 120, 000 The average cost of maintenance for the last five years was about $23,700. The larger amount now required is on account of needed reconstruction of the west pier. Commercial statistics.-The commerce at this harbor during the year 1929 consisted only of 325 tons of fish. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 15 feet. Following is a statement of the commerce for the past five years: Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1925---------........ 24, 970 $1, 712, 750 100, 653 1928 ..... ____ 147 $51,450 63, 452 1926.........---------- 2, 515 514, 175 96, 377 1929...----------. 325 162, 500 74, 089 1927--........-. 327 116, 820 70, 684 The Goodrich Transit Co. operated a fleet of six steamers engaged in passenger traffic, making a total of 76 trips in and out of the harbor. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------__--------------- $1, 427, 295. 36 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930- - ------------- 703, 170. 46 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------. 2, 130, 465. 82 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 --------- 13, 022. 28 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 -------------------- 2, 143, 488. 10 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930-----------__-------- 39. 80 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 -____________--- __ 2, 143, 887. 90 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 --------------------___ 9, 211.96 Net total expenditures_____________-----------------------------__ 2, 134, 675. 94 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 -- _-------------------- 212, 542. 42 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 2, 347, 218.36 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------------------------------------------------ $26,052. 29 - Cost of maintenance_------------------- $44, 756. 47 $9, 363. 30 $203.25 1,995. 37 $59, 954.74 Total cost..-------------------- 44, 756. 47 9, 363. 30 203.25 28, 047. 66 59, 954. 74 Total expended..-----------___---- 44, 756. 47 9, 363. 30 -4, 268. 34 27, 360. 39 65, 287. 17 Allotted...... ... .-..-.-... ......-- 5,000.00 16,184. 59 .. -.. --.- 265,400.00 1562 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $12,429.59 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929-----__---------------- $25, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930------------------ --------------- --- 138, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-- -----------..--- 77, 400. 00 Amount allotted by transfer from Calumet Harbor and River---------------- --------------- 25, 000. 00 265,400. 00 Amount to be accounted for---__- __-277, 829. 59 Gross amount expended-__ _- - -- -- ____________ 65, 288. 67 Less receipts from sales- .----------- _____________ 1. 50 65, 287. 17 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 --------------------- 212, 542.42 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ----------------- 9, 211. 96 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts 10, 935. 63 20, 147. 59 Balance available June 30, 1930_____------------------------ 192, 394. 83 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ____.________--___ -___._ 399. 80 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930------------192, 794. 63 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - -- - -- - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - - 30, 1932, for maintenance 120,000.00 7. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor- line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $8,689.64; the expenditures were $10,065.20. The bal- ance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $6,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------$20, 666. 39 Minus accounts payable June 30, 193011 371. 33 Net total expenditures------------------------------------ 20, 295. 06 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------- 6, 204. 94 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 26, 500. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS CHICAGO, ILL.1 DISTRICT 1563 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ------------- ---------- ------ Cost of maintenance.....-----------------------------------------....................-----......... $11,976. 75 $8,689.64 'Total expended............----------------------------- --------------............--------- 10, 229.86 10, 065.20 Allotted----------------------------------- ------------ ----- ------ $2,000.00 18,000.00 6,500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--. -------------------------- $9, 770. 14 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------ -------------- $6,000.00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930 -------------------------------------------- 500. 00 6, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for------------------ -------- 16,270.14 Gross amount expended-------------------------- 10,068.98 Less receipts from sales --------------------------- 3. 78 10, 065.20 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 6,204. 94 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 --------------------------- 371. 33 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------ 5,833. 61 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 for maintenance - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - 6, 000. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JULY 3, 1930 The local engineer was charged with the duty of making prelim- inary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Chicago Harbor, Ill. 2. Calumet Harborand River, Ill. and Ind. 3. Indiana Harbor and Canal, Ind. 4. Gary Harbor and Canal, Ind. 5. Buffington Harbor, Ind. 6. Burns Ditch Harbor,Ind. 7. Michigan City Harbor, Ind. REPORTS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated January 8, 1929, a review of reports on Indi- ana Harbor,Ind., printed in House Document No. 1113, Sixtieth Con- gress, second session; House Document No. 690, Sixty-second Con- gress, second session; River and Harbor Committee Document No. 6, Sixty-fifth Congress, second session; and Public, No. 176, Sixty- seventh Congress,. was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee on February 12, 1930, and printed in River and Harbor Committtee Document No. 21, Seventy-first Con- gress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project at an estimated cost of $543,000, with $70,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. 1Exclusive of available funds. 1564 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 By resolution dated December 14, 1929, a review of reports on Waukegan Harbor, Ill., printed in House Document No. 343, Fifty- sixth Congress, first session, and River and Harbor Committee Doc- ument No. 20, Seventieth Congress, first session, and previous re- ports, was requested. A report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee on March 8, 1930, and printed in River and Har- bor Committee Document No. 27, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for extension of the exterior breakwater to the shore, dredging near the lake end of the north jetty, and en- larging the inner basin, at a total estimated cost of $304,000, with $7,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolution dated April 18, 1930, a review of reports on Michi- gan City Harbor, Ind., printed in House Document No. 279, Sixty- ninth Congress, first session, is requested, and report thereon will be submitted as soon as practicable. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE DETROIT (MICH.) DISTRICT This district includes the lakes, rivers, and harbors along the east coast of the State of Michigan and northwest portion of State of Ohio from St. Marys River on the north to Port Clinton Harbor on the south, both inclusive. District engineer: Maj. D. McCoach, jr., Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. Edward H. Schulz, Corps of Engineers to October 26, 1929, and Col. E. M. Markham, Corps of Engineers since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. St. Marys River, Mich-__-- 1564 9. Saginaw River, Mich_____ -1596 2. Operating and care of St. 10. Harbor of Refuge at Harbor Marys Falls Canal, Mich__ 1574 Beach, Lake Huron, Mich_ 160 3. St. Clair River, Mich__ 1576 11. Black River, Mich ________ 1603 4. Channels in Lake St. Clair, 12. Rouge River, Mich_------- 1607 Mich__ - 13. Monroe Harbor, Mich-__-- 1611 1_________----1579 5. Detroit River, Mich-- 1583 14. Toledo Harbor, Ohio- ____- 1613 6. Mackinac Harbor, Mich_-.. 1589 15. Port Clinton Harbor, Ohio__ 1617 7. Cheboygan Harbor, Mich___. 1591 16. Examinations, surveys, and 8. Alpena Harbor, Mich______ 1593 contingencies (general)__ 1619 1. ST. MARYS RIVER, MICH. Location and description.-St. Marys River flows in a general southeasterly direction from the eastern end of Lake Superior into the northern end of Lake Huron. The river has a length of 63 miles from its head at Point Iroquois to the Detour Passage into Lake Huron and has a total fall varying from 21 to 23 feet, depending upon the stages of the lakes. The greater part of this fall-i. e., from 18 to 21 feet-occurs in a section about 1 mile long, known as St. Marys Falls or Rapids, situated about 131/2 miles from Point Iro- quois. Above the rapids the fall in the river is from 0.4 to 0.7 of a. foot and below the rapids it is from 1 to 2 feet. The width of the RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1565 river varies considerably, and there are numerous channels, separated by islands, large and small. At the narrowest place, where there is but one channel, the width is about one-half mile, while elsewhere the river widens into a series of small lakes. Except at the falls, the current is moderate, ranging from 1 to 31/2 miles per hour in the channels, and in the wider of the so-called lakes it is imperceptible. The drainage basin of the river above Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., is 80,700 square miles. The mean discharge is about 76,000 second-feet, the maximum about 130,000 second-feet, and the minimum about 45,000 second-feet. Improvements have been required at shoals both above and below the falls, and at the falls it has been necessary to overcome the obstruction by the construction of lateral canals with lift locks. Elsewhere the improvement has been by dredging and excavation of channels of suitable depth and width. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 9.) Original condition.-St. Marys River was obstructed by the falls and by a number of shoals, upon which the least depths were from 5 to 17 feet at mean low water. Navigation past the falls was entirely impracticable, except for downbound canoes and log rafts. Previous projects.-These were authorized by the acts of July 8, 1856, August 2, 1882, and August 5, 1886. The total amount ex- pended thereunder and the total cost prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1892 was $2,904,807, all for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1956, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for channels through St. Marys River, which, at low water datum, are suitable for vessels drawing 20 feet when upbound and 24 feet when downbound, with a least width of 500 feet in the upbound and 300 feet in the downbound routes. The specific improvements embrace channels through three shioals between Lake Superior and the head of the falls, having minimum widths of 1,000 feet with depths at low water datum of 27 feet through Round Island Shoals and Middle Ground and 26 feet through Vidal Shoals; constructing four locks, two canals, and an emergency dam for each of the canals at the falls; deepen- ing and widening the tailrace of the United States power plant; constructing remedial works at the inlet of the power canal of the Michigan Northern Power Co.; constructing compensating works at the falls; dredging through shoals between the lower end of the canals and the upper entrance to Lake Nicolet, including extension of anchorage and maneuver area below the locks and the widening of angle at Light No. 27; dredging to widen and deepen the upper entrance channel into Lake Nicolet; excavating channels from Lake Nicolet to Lake Munuscong on either side of Neebish Island, a dis- tance via West Neebish of 14 miles and via Middle Neebish 15 miles. the Middle Neebish, or upbound, route to have a least width of 500 feet and the West Neebish, or downbound, route 300 feet; and dredging shoals between Lake Munuscong and the mouth of the river. The following table shows the principal features of the four locks and emergency dams. All structures are located at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich.: 1566 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, T. S. Al1tIY,' 1930 Weitzel Lock Poe Lock Davis Lock Fourth Lock Miles above mouth.-------------------------- - 47 47 47 47 Clear width of chamber--...............-- feet_{ 60 at gates. ..--------- 100 80 80 Length between miter sills........-----------....do--.... 15 800 1, 350 1,350 Lift 1.--.--..------------------------do-.. 20.5 20. 5 20.5 20.5 Depth on upper breast wall 1---...........do---- -- -- - -- ---- do.... 16 22 24. 5 24.5 Depth on lower breast wall 1_ 12. 6 18 24. 5 24. 5 Foundation..------------------------- Rock. Rock. Rock. Rock. Type of construction_..----------------------- Masonry. Masonry. Concrete. Concrete. Estimated cost_... --------------------------- $1, 160, 000 9 $4, 738, 865 8 $6, 200,000 4$3, 275,000 Completed a-..--- -------------------------- 1881 1896 1914 1919 Emergency dams South Canal North Canal Milesabove mouth_- 47------------------------------- 47. Estimated cost---------- $240,000 ----------------------$300,000. Type....----.........------------------ Swing bridge, sliding wickets...... Removable trusses, revolving wickets. Cost, completed....----------......... $294,608.16 6------ $269,224.31.6 Year completed--------- 1911-------------------------................ 1922. 1At low water, 601.1 above and 580.6 below. s Includes cost of deepening and enlarging South Canal. 8Includes cost of North Canal. 4Includes canal excavations to provide necessary approaches to lock, canal walls and piers, and emer- gency dam. * Opened to commerce. 6 Including engineering, office, and inspection. NoTE.-The limiting draft to the locks is determined by the depth over the breast walls. In the following table are stated other characteristic features of the improvements belonging to the existing project: Project LengthM Dis- Used by datum planes Con- Nameofimprovedchannel ofim- Project above Projectt proved frommum se depth depthling hannel mouth bound width level,epth of river vessels New New York Feet Miles Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet Round Island Middle Ground-.-- ..-------- 59 Both.-.--------.-------- 601.5 27 Round Island Shoal No. 1 .. , 800 59 1,000 .do-.... 1, 000 601.5 27 22 8 Round Island Shoal No. 2.......... 6, 000 57 __.do..... 1,000 975 601. 5 27 22.8 Vidal Shoals.. 9, 000 .------------------- 52 .. do-..... 1, 500 1, 000 601. 2 26 22 South Canal_.............- -- 7, 400 47 ... do.......... ............ .......... West approach --------- .-.. - - 1 108 1108 601.1 24 24 Weitzel Lock-----------------------------------------60 580.6 12.6 12. 6 Poe Lock----------------------------------- East approach------ ... ---- --------- ---------- 100 --------- 340 580. 6 580.6 18 19. 5 18 19. 5 North Canal-------- 7, 515 47 Both--"- ................................ West approach-------------------. 280 601.1 24 24 Davis Lock ----------------------------------------------- 80 580. 6 24.5 24.5 Fourth Lock--------------- - ----- ... 80 580.6 24.5 24.5 East approach................--.....----------........ 312 580. 6 24. 5 24. 5 Bayfleld Shoal5--.---------------- Anchorage and Maneuver area..... 6,000 45 Both.. 1, 500 1, 500 580. 5 26 22 Angle at Light No. 27.............580 Little Rapids----------........... 34,000 44 ... do..... 600 600 { 5.379. 9 25 21 Nine-mile Point Shoal............. 3, 500 38 do --..... 579. 9 ---........--........ 26 22. 4 Lower end Lake Nicolet (HayLake) 17, 700 33 Up 500 500 579. 9 21 21. 4 Middle Neebish Dike............. 10,000 32 ... do..... 500 300 579. 21 22 Munuscong Channel............... 24,100 30 .__do..... 500 500 579.7 21 21.6 Sailors Encampment-------------............... 5, 300 26 ... do..... 500 300 579.6 21 22 Shoal 28, Lake Munuscong..... 7,500 22 do 1,000 1,000 579.6 21 2L 6 West Neebish.........-------------........... 78,000 31 Down... 300 300 579.9 25to27 21.4 Twi sland Shoal --------...........------....-------- 17 Both--....----------------........ ........ 79. 6 26 22. 6 Crab Island Shoal....-------------........---------.....----... -- do----............---------.-----...... 579. 26 22. 6 S2 channels past Bridge Island, each 108 feet wide, minimum width of connecting channel, 304 feet. RIVERS AND HARBOIb-'--DIBTROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1567 Project cost eslmates Year Amount of Items made estimate Round Island Shoals 1 and 2 and Vidal Shoals (dredging channel) -------................... 1891 $85, 487 (1920 Vidal Shoals Channel (widening) _............. . . 1923 298, 000 Round Island Middle Ground (dredging) 1925 802,000 Weitzel Lock, including deepening canal- --------- 1878 2, 4860,000 Poe Lock--.. 1886 4,738,885 Canal widening.. .-.-.. . . . . . . . .------- 1904 1,0 000 Dvis Lock.............------------------------------ -------------------------- 1906 6,00,000 Fourth Lock.-----------.-----..... _-----------------------------19103,275,000 Extension northwest pier--...------------.---------------------------- 1925 277,000 Ship channel ------------------------------------------- 1891 556, 333 Lake Nicolet (Hay Lake) and Neebish Channels----------- ----------------- 1900 5, 750, 000 Extension anchorage and maneuver area below locks...-----...---------------...----1920 245, 000 Middle Neebish route (widening channels)--..........------------------------------- 1925 3, 842, 000 Downbound route (deepening channels)--------------- -----.--------------- 1928 8, 006, 300 Total---------------------------------------------------------------- 37,555,985 The project depths are referred to low-water datums for Lakes Superior and Huron, which are taken at 601.6 and 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean level of the Lakes, 1860-1875. The datum planes of the Lake Survey charts of this river are lower than the project datum planes by 1 foot for Lake Superior and 1.1 feet for Lake Huron. Each year the St. Marys River rises and falls about 1 foot as meas- ured by the monthly mean levels. In the past 69 years the difference between the highest and lowest monthly mean levels above the locks has been about 31/2 feet, and below the locks about 7 feet. From day to day the level fluctuates somewhat, due to wind and baro- metric pressure, such changes frequently amounting to several inches and sometimes to a foot or more. In addition to these changes in level, occasionally a considerable oscillation takes place within two or three hours, which is somewhat in the nature of a seiche; such changes amounting to over 5 feet have been known to occur within three hours. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $37,555,985, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance, not includ- ing operation and care of the locks, is $75,000. Tailrace deepening: The river and harbor act of March 4, 1915, provided for the deepening and enlargement of the tailrace of the United States power plant between the power house and deep water at the foot of the rapids, a distance of about 2,250 feet, estimated cost $150,000, and authorized the diversion for this purpose of so much as might be necessary of the unexpended balance of appropria- tions for the Davis Lock. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 11, 1870, provided for the Weitzel Lock and improving the existing State canal by widening and deepening in accordance with report by Maj. O. M. Poe, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, not published; the act of August 5, 1886, pro- vided for the Poe Lock (H. Doc. No. 72, 49th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 13, 1892, provided for dredging through the shoals above the falls and the shoals below the falls between the lower end of the 11714-C-ENG 1930---99 1568 REPORT OF OHIE OF :ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 canal and the upper entrance channel into Hay Lake, now Lake Nico- let (H. Ex. Doc. No. 207, 51st Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1891, p. 2810) ; the acts of June 13, 1902 and March 3, 1905, provided for enlarging the old canal (H. Does. Nos. 128, 56th Cong., 2d sess., and 215, 58th Cong., 3d sess.) ; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the Davis Lock and second canal and emergency dam (plan 3, H. Doc. No. 333, 59th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of July 25, 1912, pro- vided for the fourth lock (H. Doc. No. 64, 62d Cong., 1st sess.); the act of September 22, 1922, provided for the widening of the upper approach to the canals through Vidal Shoals, and the extension of anchorage and maneuver area below the locks (report of district engineer, dated October 29, 1920, printed in H. Rept. No. 775, 67th Cong., 2d sess., pp. 30-32); the act of March 4, 1915, provided for deepening the tailrace of the power plant; the act of March 3, 1909, provided for the lease of water power at the falls and the lease entered into with the Michigan Northern Power Co., provided for the construction of remedial and compensating works; and the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the Hay Lake and Neebish Channels work in that section of the river below the locks (H. Doc. No. 128, 56th Cong., 2d sess.). The act of January 21, 1927, provided for removal of Round Island Middle Ground, extension of northwest canal pier, and widening channels Middle Neebish route (H. Doc. No. 270, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). The act approved July 3, 1930, pro- vided for deepening channels throughout the downbound route (H. Doc. No. 253, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. The State of Michigan completed at the falls in 1855 a canal providing a channel for vessels having a draft of 11.5 feet at mean stage of water, the canal being 5,400 feet long and 100 feet wide at the top, and a double-lift lock having tandem chambers 350 feet long and 70 feet wide, and arranged for an average lift of about 9 feet at each lock. The cost of this canal and the locks, about $1,000,000, was defrayed from the proceeds of 750,000' acres of land granted by Congress. The canal and locks were subsequently turned over to the United States. (See river and harbor act of June 14, 1880.) Under a permit granted to the Lake Carriers' Association by the Secretary of War, dated July 23, 1917, 210 cubic yards of bowlders. were removed from the channel through Vidal Shoals during July and August, 1917. Terminal facilities.-This improvement serves the through com- merce between Lake Superior and the lower lakes, and it has not materially influenced the terminal facilities at the towns along its route, which consist only of small docks for the accommodation of local traffic. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doec. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-This improvement, in conjunction with the work done on the other sections of the ship channel, affects the entire commerce passing between Lake Superior ports and those upon the lower lakes and rivers. These improvements have per- mitted a great increase in the draft of vessels, and this has resulted RIVERS AND HARBORS--DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1569 in the use of vessels of greater tonnage, the carrying capacity of the largest freight steamers having increased from 4,000 tons in 1893 to 17,160 tons in 1929. The increased width of channels and the addition of double channels at congested points have permitted greater speed without loss of safety. It is believed that the reduc- tion in freight rates from 2.3 mills per ton-mile in 1887 to 1.07 mills in 1929 can be attributed chiefly to these improvements in channels. Operations and results during the fiscal year---New work.-Widen- ing Middle Neebish Channel: This work is being done under con- tracts in four divisions designated by sailing courses. Course 5- Lake Nicolet, and Course 7-Munuscong Channel, aggregating about 6 miles, have been completed and made available for commerce. The work on Course 6-Middle Neebish, is in progress, and about 90 per cent completed, and on Course 9-Sailors Encampment, about 14 per cent completed. During the fiscal year 537,298 cubic yards of rock were blasted and removed, and 1,115,235 cubic yards other than rock removed. Extension of Northwest Pier-Materials: During the fiscal year 1,441,234 feet board measure of fir timber, purchased by the United States Engineer Office, Seattle, Wash., was received on the work, completing the complement of timber required for the cribs. About 190 tons of steel, purchased under contract, was also received on the work. Construction-Contract work: All the timber cribs-12 in num- ber-were framed and constructed on the ice during the winter, and made ready to place; preparation of foundations in progress. Three cribs have been placed and partially filled, representing pier length of 300 feet. Maintenance: During the fiscal year examination of existing channels by sounding and sweeping was continued at intervals. No maintenance dredging was found necessary. At the falls measure- ment by current meter of discharge of river through gate openings of the compensating works continued at intervals throughout the year. Total costs for fiscal year were $2,232,213.27, distributed as follows: New work : Widening Middle Neebish Channel-----------------------$2,043,701.48 Extension of Northwest Pier --------------------------- 161, 728. 99 2, 205, 430. 47 Maintenance : Discharge measurements--------------------------------- 17, 758. 48 Surveys ------------------------------- __ 9, 024.32 26, 782. 80 The total expended during the fiscal year was $2,107,890.54. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project, exclusive of work authorized in 1930, is expected to be completed at an esti- mated total cost of about $28,534,000, a saving of approximately $1,000,000. The modified project (1930) is about 70 per cent com- pleted. The work remaining to be done is the completion of the northwest pier extension and the widening of Middle Neebish Chan- nel, now in progress, and the deepening of the downbound channel. 1570 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Work on latter item has not been started. Above the falls, from Lake Superior to head of canal, there is a channel having a least width of 975 feet and available depth of 21 feet below low-water datum of 601.6 at Lake Superior and 601.1 at head of canal. At the falls there are four locks, reached by the North and South Canals. The narrowest point in the South Canal, leading to Weitzel and Poe Locks, is at the International Bridge crosying, where there are two channels, each 108 feet wide. The depth in the canal lead- ing to the Poe Lock is 24 feet. The narrowest point in the North Canal, leading to the Davis and Fourth Locks, is at the International Bridge crossing, where it is 280 feet wide. The depth of this canal is 24.5 feet, except near the westerly entrance, where it is 24 feet deep. The controlling dimensions of locks are as follows: Weitzel Lock, width 60 feet, depth 12.6 feet; Poe Lock, width 100 feet, depth 18 feet; Davis and Fourth Locks, width 80 feet, depth 24.5 feet. The channels in the east or lower level approaches have depths as great as the locks to which they lead. Each canal is provided with a movable dam for use in case of emergency. Below the falls, from the locks to Lake Huron, there is a channel with depth generally of 21 feet and width of not less than 600 feet, where upbound and downbound traffic use the same channel, and not less than 300 feet where upbound and downbound traffic are separated. Examination of channels above and below the locks disclosed no serious shoaling, and at close of year all existing channels were reasonably safe for navigation. Data as to depths and widths of the several improved channels are given in table on page 1566 under the general heading Existing project. The costs have amounted to $26,419,187.46 for new work and $666,- 771.73 for maintenance, a total of $27,085,959.19. The total expen- ditures under the existing project have amounted to $26,896,132.80. Looks Number or name of lock Dateof Actual cost Number or name of lock comDate of Actual cost completion completion Weitzel.. .. 1881 $983,335 Davis ---------........ 1914 $2, 200, 000 Poe -------------------- 1896 2,837, 337 Fourth------------------ 1919 1, 750, 000 United States power plant.-Under the provisions of the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1909, the United States acquired by purchase the hydroelectric power plant located in the rapids of the St. Marys River, adjacent to the United States canal, at a total cost of $341,000, and leased the same by instrument dated June 25, 1912, to the Edison Sault Electric Co. for a period of 30 years from July 1, 1912. This lease provided for an annual rental of $24,000 for the original property and $12 per horsepower per annum for such addi- tional capacity as might be secured from time to time. Under the provisions of the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915, the tailrace of the plant was enlarged, thereby increasing the effective head by over 3 feet. The work was completed in November, 1917, at a cost of $147,031.16. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1571 Under the terms of the lease an additional unit was installed by the lessee, the cost of which, including interest, $59,745.80, was paid by the retention of the plant rentals as they accrued. Because of the increased capacity of the plant thus provided, the annual rental was increased to $30,900, effective July 1, 1916. Under the terms of an instrument dated May 12, 1925, the fore- bay of the plant was enlarged by the lessee. This work was com- pleted July 2, 1926, at a cost, inclusive of interest, amounting to $122,146.60. The rated capacity of the plant was thus increased by 595 horsepower, and the annual rental was increased to $38,040, effective December 15, 1925. The cost of this work, including interest, was deducted from the annual rentals, as they accrued. The plant in its present condition comprises the following essential units: Four 71-inch, 525-horsepower, Leffel-Samson turbines, with 450-kilovolt-ampere generators on same vertical shafts, and one 60- inch, 929-horsepower, Allis-Chalmers turbine, with 625-kilovolt- ampere generator on same vertical shaft. The total capacity of the plant is about 3,170 horsepower, under 17-foot head, working at efficiency of about 66 per cent. The present rental, assuming the charge to be equivalent to $12 per horsepower per annum, accounts for a capacity of 3,170 horsepower. The average load of the plant is 700 to 800 kilowatts, with usual maximum load of 1,600 kilowatts. Lease of water to the Michigan Northern Power Co.-Under au- thority of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909, a lease, dated May 28, 1914, was entered into with the Michigan Northern Power Co. providing for the diversion and use of water from St. Marys River for power purposes for a period of 30 years from July 1, 1914. The ultimate amount of water thus leased was a continuous flow through lessee's canal of 25,000 cubic feet per second of " primary water " and, in addition, " secondary water," when available, up to a maximum of 5,000 cubic feet per second. The rental rates are $2 per year for each cubic foot per second of "primary " and $1 per year for each cubic foot per second of " sec- ondary water." The maximum rental charge is thus $55,000. In accordance with conditions and agreements in the lease, the fol- lowing work has been done by the lessee, and rentals retained by him in reimbursement for their cost: Construction of remedial and com- pensating works, footbridge to compensating works, dike above span 5 of railroad bridge, painting compensating works, excavating in rapids below gates, and operating compensating gates. The company used throughout the year 25,000 cubic feet per second of "primary water" and 5,000 cubic feet per second of " secondary water," the maximum amounts provided for by the lease. Under the terms of a lease dated September 10, 1918, the lessee is permitted to take 3,000 cubic feet per second additional per day at the rate of $1 per cubic foot per second per year, when requested by the lessee and notified by the lessor that such water is available. Excess secondary water to the extent of 3,000 cubic feet per second was taken by the lessee, effective October 18, 1918. This was re- duced to 1,500 cubic feet per second, effective December 5, 1918, and to nothing, effective January 1, 1919. Excess secondary water to the extent of 3,000 cubic feet per second was again taken by the lessee effective May 26, 1929, and discontinued September 30, 1929. 1572 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY,: 1930 The gross amount for rentals accruing under the leases from July 1, 1914, to June 30, 1930, is-----------------------.---- $719, 544. 36 Retained by lessee for expense of construction work under the June 25, 1912, lease------------------------------------- 414, 858. 81 Retained by lessee on account of shutdown of plant--- ------ __ 20, 687. 67 435, 546. 48 Net amount received for rentals ___________________ 283, 997. 88 The 16 gates of the compensating works have been operated, as occasion required, under direction of the board of control for the regulation of Lake Superior. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended at close of fiscal year ($2,619 .08) will be applied as follows: New work: Widening Middle Neebish Channel under contracts now in force------ --------------------------------- $1, 216, 619. 08 Extension Northwest Pier under contract now in force ----- 07, 000. 00 Removing Round Island Middle Ground to be accomplished by contract 00, 000. 00 8---------------------------- Total new work----- ---------------------------- 2, 123, 619. 08 Maintenance: Removing shoals and other obstructions by United States plant ---------------------------------------------- 60, 000. 00 Examination of channels-------------------------------12, 000, 00 Discharge measurements3,000. 00 Total maintenance__-__-______-_____------- -- 75, 000. 00 Total new work and maintenance ___-----------___ 2, 198, 619. 08 It is expected the work under all the items will be in progress dur- ing the ensuing year and that the average monthly rate of expendi- ture will be about $185,000, practically exhausting the funds by June 30, 1931. . The sum of $213,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, to be applied as follows: New work: Excavation, Vidal Shoals------------------------- $145, 000 Maintenance: Removing shoals and other obstructions by United States plant__ 53, 000 Examination of channels- ---- Discharge measurements _-- _----- - -. - 12, 000 - - , 000 3______________ 213, 000 The average annual expenditure for maintenance during the past five years was about $58,400. The additional amount now requested is due to the need of more extensive dredging. Commercial statistics.-All the commerce passing between the lower lakes and Lake Superior ports uses the locks and canals at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., and Ontario. During 1929, 97 per cent of the total freight and 39 per cent of the total number of passengers carried passed through the American canal. The limit of draft for boats during the season of 1929 was determined by available depth in the channels in the lakes and rivers above and below the canal, and was between 19.5 and 20.75 feet. About 97 per cent of the bulk freight carried was by vessels capable of loading to the available RIVERS AifD HARBORS---DETROIT, rMICH., DISTRICT 1573 draft. Vessels carrying miscellaneous freight and lumber loaded to a draft of 15 to 18 feet. Bulk freight forms about 98 per cent of the total tonnage. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925-----....... 81, 875, 108 $1, 117, 817, 292 56, 956 86, 992, 997 $1, 183,;123, 800 1928-....... 56, 053 1926.------ 85, 679, 087 1, 063, 875, 987 52, 704 92, 622, 017 1,000, 327, 459 1929-......-- 54, 415 1927-....... 83, 354, 064 1, 131, 653, 155 55, 115 The commerce during the current year consisted of lumber, flour, wheat, grain (other than wheat), copper, iron ore, pig iron, manu- factured iron and steel, coal, salt, oil, stone, and general merchandise. Cost and financial summary Cost of npw work to June 30, 1930---------------------- $29,323, 994. 46 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 66, 771. 73 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------29, 990, 766. 19 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930-------- 126, 689. 98 Net total cost to June 30, 1930--------------------30, 117, 456. 17 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930---------------------- 1, 698. 31 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930------- ---------- 30, 119, 154. 48 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ------------------ . 318, 214. 68 Net total expenditures --------------------------- 29, 800, 939. 80 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 2, 198, 619, 08 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------- 31, 999, 558. 88 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---_ _ _--------_--------------__--- $20, 408. 31 $692, 420. 49 $2, 205, 430. 47 Cost of maintenance-........---------..... $36, 791.92 $29, 961. 14 53, 638. 47 58, 214.71 26, 782. 80 Total cost----------. 36, 791.92 29, 961. 14 74, 046. 78 750,635.20 2,232, 213.27 Total expended-----.. ------------ 36, 791.92 29,961. 14 61, 607. 33 590, 951. 43 2, 107, 890. 54 Allotted.----------------------- 18,750.00 31, 250.00 1,229, 408.19 1,825,000.00 000.00 1, 881, Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-- ---------------------- $2, 425, 509.62 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved May 28, 1930------- ---------------- - 1, 881, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------- 4, 306, 509. 62 Gross amount expended---------------------$2, 107,966.29 Less receipts from sales .--------------------- 75. 75 2, 107, 890. 54 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------ 2, 198, 619. 08 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------ 318, 214. 68 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts------- 949, 600. 37 1, 267, 815. 05 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------------- 930, 804. 03 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930_ _ -------------- 1, 698. 31 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 ------- 932, 502.34 1874 REPORT OF CHIEF OF E NDTEEBRS, U. S. ARMY 198a0 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion 1 of existing project «.- - ... $8, 006,200. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - - 145, 000. 00 For' maintenance --- -------------------------- 6---000. 00 68, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - _ - - - - 2 13, 000 . 00 Total' - - - -- . 2. OPERATING AND CARE OF ST. MARYS FALLS CANAL, MICH. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for the improvement of St. Marys River at the Falls, Mich. See pages 1564 to 1574, where general Informa- tion regarding the improvement can be found. The Weitzel Lock has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since 1881, the Poe Lock since August 3, 1896, the Davis Lock since October 21, 1914, and the Fourth Lock since September 18, 1919. * Operations and results during fiscal year.-During the year end- ing December 31, 1929, the United States Canal was open to navi- gation 246 days, from April 13 to December 14. During that time a total of 16,209 vessels, aggregating 63,363,447 registered tons, and carrying 90,242,779 short tons of freight and 21,061 passengers, passed through the Poe, Davis, and Fourth Locks in 11,553 lock- ages. The Canadian Lock, at Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, open to navigation" 245 days, April 14 to December 14, 1929, made 3,032 lockages and passed 3,585 vessels, with an aggregate registered ton- nage of 4,876,123, and carrying 2,379,238 short tons of freight and 33,354 passengers. In addition to operations of locks and canals, the maintenance and repair work done by lock employees and day labor consisted of the following: 1,830 square feet of concrete walk west of administration building was rebuilt; repairs were made to the timber floor and culverts, and lock gate bearings . of the Poe Lock; 900' square feet of concrete wall, Davis Lock, was re- paired; the culverts of the Davis Lock were cleaned; all lock ma- chinery was overhauled; all lock gates were cleaned and painted; the emergency and movable dams were painted and tested; 513 square feet of floor space was added to the blacksmith shop; 11,200 square feet of new roofing was placed on the old Kemp warehouse; the interiors of administration building and pump house were cleaned and redecorated; 80,454 feet board measure of oak and gum fender timber was purchased; 53,882 feet board measure of oak and gum fender timber was renewed on canal piers and lock walls; 3,991 linear feet of concrete curb and gutter were constructed on old Fort Brady roadway; care of grounds continued; and minor repairs were made to lock masonry, gates, and machinery, piers, emergency and movable dams, buildings, plant and tools. The total expenditures during the fiscal year were $255,399.76; total cost $248,794.65. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The Weitzel Lock has been out of commission since October 31, 1918, its operation not being neces- SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS---iETROIT, MIOC., DISTRICT 1575 sary. The Poe, Davis, and Fourth Locks are in operation. The principal features of the four locks are stated in table on page 1566. The Weitzel and Poe Locks are served by one canal and the Davis and Fourth Locks by a separate canal. The depth that may be carried through the smallest lock is 12.6 feet and through the larg- est lock 24.5 feet at low water datum, but at the prevailing stages the channels leading to the locks restrict the draft of vessels to about 20 feet 3 inches. The total expenditures for operating and care from 1881, when the Weitzel Lock was put in service, to the end of the fiscal year amounted to $5,654,941.55. Proposed operations.-The locks and canals will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-See report of commercial statistics for St. Marys River, Mich. Cost and fnanoiat summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------- __... $5. 641, 072. 10 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------------ 27, 653. 20 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_..------..--------- - 5, 668, 725. 30 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930---------------------- 2, 281. 70 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930---------------- 5, 671, 007. 00 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_------------------- 16, 065. 45 Net total expenditures_ ........ _____ ____--------- 5, 654, 941. 55 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------- 35, 438. 70 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1.930------------ 5, 690, 380. 25 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------- ------------ ----------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance-.-------- -.------- $261, 834.20 $264,810. 84 $246, 684 29 $254, 047.38 $248, 794. 65 Total expended-.....---------------------- 261, 834. 20 264, 810.84 242, 397. 05 255, 498. 58 255, 890.76 Allotted---------.------------------- 265,000.00 267,000.00 260,000 00 234,000.00 270, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----------------- --------- $20, 838.46 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909---- ______-_______ -- 270, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for_--_____________ -__-__ 290,838.46 Gross amount expended--.--- ------ ____ -_________--- 255, 399.76 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 --------- 35, 438.70 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---------------__ ______ - 16, 065. 45 Balance available June 30, 1930_-------------------- 19, 373.25 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------ 2, 281.70 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 ------------ 21, 654. 95 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931 ------- _--------___ _ 336, 000.00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931-- -------------- - 357, 654.95 1576 REPORT OF OHIEF OF ENGINtERS, U. S. ARMY, 1980 3. ST. CLAIR RIVER, MICH. Location and description.-The St. Clair River connects Lakes Huron and St. Clair, flows in a southerly direction, and has a total fall of about 5.8 feet in a length of 40 miles. At the south end of Lake Huron there is a shoal upon which the natural depth is less than that required for navigation, and the 2-mile dredged channel through this shoal is considered as belonging to this improvement, giving a total length to the section of 42 miles. Including the area above its outlet, the drainage basin of the river is about 222,360 square miles. The smallest known monthly mean discharge for unobstructed flow is about 151,000 second-feet and the largest is about 245,000 second-feet. The mean velocity varies from about 5 miles per hour at the upper end to about 11/4 miles per hour near the mouth. With the exception of the delta section, which begins 33 miles below the head of the river, the width averages about 2,000 feet. The river discharges into Lake St. Clair through seven mouths, the one known as the South Channel being used for deep-draft vessels, while several others of the channels are used for small craft. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 43.) Original condition.----In its original condition this section was ob- structed by shoals at the foot of Lake Huron and at several locali- ties in the St. Clair River. The least depth upon these shoals varied from 16 to 18 feet at mean stages of water, and the channels were usable by vessels then navigating the Lakes. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for channels as follows: Name of channel chan Distance Length of from Useddown upor by Project Project roject of chan-mouth bound width depth datum nel vessels planes Feet Miles Feet Feet Foot of Lake Huron..--.-..------------ 17,000 42 Both...... 800 26 579.6. Port Huron Middle Ground------------ 8, 300 37. 5 Down..... 1, 400 25 578. 2 Stag Island: West Channel__- -------- 21,500 31 __do ..... 1, 000 25 577. O0 East Channel_...------ - 15, 000 31 Up........ 800 20 577. 0 St. Clair Middle Ground---......--.-.. 16, 500 27 Both...... 900 25 576. 6 Marine City Middle Ground...----------- 4, 200 20 --_do ... _ 1, 000 25 575. 8 Michigan Salt Works Shoal....__------- .7, 500 18 ___do...... 1, 000 25 575. 5 Roberts Landing Shoal----__- _____- 10,000 15 __do ..... 1, 000 25 575. 0 Head of Russell Island---....--- __-__. 6, 500 12. 5 ___do- .... 1, 000 25 574. 8 Grand Point Shoal---............ .___.. 6, 000 9 ___do .... 1, 000 25 574. 5 Head of Squirrel Island_ __-------__- 7, 500 7.5 __do__ . 1, 000 25 574. 4 Southeast Bend.--.-----___ ___-- -__-. 27, 000 5.0 ___do___ - 600 25 573. 8 Improvement at all localities consists of deepening or widening of the natural channels by dredging. The project also provides for compensating works, consisting of a number (estimated at 31) of submerged rock sills, with crests 31 feet below datum. The project depths are referred to low-water datums for Lakes Huron and St. Clair, which are taken at 579.6 and 573.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean level of the Lakes, 1860-1875. The datums of the Lake Survey chart of this river are from 1.1 feet to 0.5 foot less than the datums to which these improve- RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1577 ments are referred. The water level of this river fluctuates with the levels of the Lakes above and below it, which during the course of each year are subject to a consistent seasonal rise and fall, the lowest stages prevailing during the winter months, and the highest during the summer months. At the head of St. Clair River, as measured by monthly mean levels, the water may rise and fall each year during the navigation season as much as 1.3 feet. During the past 20 years the difference between the highest and lowest monthly mean levels during the navigation season has been about 4.4 feet. Occasional fluctuations due to winds of high velocity may be as much as 3.5 feet in six hours. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $3,140,500 for dredging and $2,900,000 for construction of submerged sills. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of main- tenance of dredged channels is $33,500. No expense of maintenance will probably be required for submerged sills. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 13, 1892, provided for the 20-foot chan- nel in the river (H. Doc. No. 207, 51st Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of July 27, 1916, provided for a channel along the Port Huron water front (H. Doc. No. 782, 64th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the deepening of the channel to 25 and 26 feet and for compensating works (H. Doc. No. 253, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the document last mentioned. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Under permit granted to the Lake Carriers' Association by the Secretary of War, dated May 8, 1922, the remain- der of the middle ground at Port Huron, extending to the interna- tional boundary, was removed by dredging in 1922. Terminal facilities.-This imhprovement serves the through com- merce between the upper and lower lakes, and it has not materially influenced the terminal facilities at the towns along its route, which consist only of small docks for the accommodation of local traffic. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvements in this river affect the commerce between Lake Erie ports and those on the upper lakes and rivers. The effect of the improvement on the draft and size of vessels and the increased tonnage carried has been set forth in the report on St. Marys River under this same heading. Operations and results during fiscal year.-U. S. hopper dredge Willets Point removed from the westerly edge of the downbound channel at Port Huron, Mich., 79,284 cubic yards, bin measure, dur- ing the period October 7 to 20, 1929. Surveys were made at the middle ground shoal opposite Port Huron, Mich., and at Southeast Bend about 41/2 miles upstream from St. Clair Flats Canal, where several isolated shoals had been removed by private parties under permit. Inspection of sand and gravel dredging under War Depart- ment permits was in progress during the navigation season, all costs in connection with same being reimbursable by the permittees. The cost of the above items all for maintenance was $12,136.05. The total expenditures were $12,136.53. I 1578 REPORT OfF CCIEF OF E1( EERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project, exclusive of work authorized in 1930, has been completed. The modified proj- ect (1930) is about 27 per cent completed. The work remaining to be done is the deepening of the channel through the shoal at the foot of Lake Huron to 26 feet, and through scattering shoals throughout the entire length of the river to 25 feet, a total distance of 44 miles. There are also to be constructed about 31 submerged compensating rock sills. The work already done has consisted of dredging shoal areas with a view to deepening or straightening channels to previously authorized dimensions. The controlling depth, as determined by survey made in 1930, is 20 feet at project datum for widths varying from 500 to 1,400 feet. The costs have amounted to $833,140.08 for new work and $419,293 for maintenance, a total of $1,252,433.08. The total expenditures under the existing project have amounted to $1,252,501.87. Proposed operations.-The amount unexpended at the end of the fiscal year ($20,431.97) will be applied to maintenance work about as follows: Maintenance dredging by United States hopper dredge, including supervision, surveys, etc--------------------------------- $18, 231. 97 Examination of channels (U. S. launch Tippin) ------------------ 2,200. 00 Total----------- ---------------- ------------------- 20, 431. 97 Funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The St. Clair River is an important portion of the through ship channel between Chicago, Duluth, and Buffalo and its adequate maintenance is imperative. Periodical surveys and frequent ex- aminations are necessary to insure prompt removal of shoals and other obstructions to navigation. Tile funds that can be profitably expended for such work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($11,000), will be applied about as follows: Maintenance dredging by United States hopper dredge for the removal of shoals and obstructions---------------------------- $9, 000 Examinations of channels ___--------------------------------- 2, 000 Total ------------ --------------------------- 11, 000 The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Coainmercial statistics.-No record has been kept of the commerce of this river, but it is probable that it is slightly greater than that passing through the St. Clair Flats Canal. See report of commercial statistics under " Channels in Lake St. Clair." Cost and ftnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------$833, 140. 08 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ----- __---------__ 419, 293. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-----------1,252, 433. 08 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 .--.---. 68. 79 Net total expenditures--------------- -------- 1, 252, 501. 87 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------ ------------------ 20,431.97 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-.------ -- 1,272,933. 84 RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1579 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---------------------------------------------- -------------------- Cost of maintenance---------------------.................... $222, 633.91 $5, 602. 23 $1, 389. 45 $1, 527. 16 $12, 136. 05 Total expended-........---------------------.................... 222, 633. 91 5, 602. 23 -845. 04 1, 788. 01 12, 136. 53 Allotted --------------------------------- 55,225.49 7,000.00 -13,779.65 10,000. 00 18,700. 0 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $13, 868. 50 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--------------------- $9, 700. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930-------------------- ------------------ 10, 000. 00 19, 700. 00 Amount to be accounted for .- -__-__-------- 33, 568. 50 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment .--- __------ - 1, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for- -------- -__---_ 32, 568. 50 Gross amount expended ----------------------- 12, 145.33 Less receipts from sales ----.----- _-----__--____ 8. 80 12, 136. 53 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------ --------- 20, 431. 97 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------- 5, 207, 400. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending - - - -- - - - - - - - - - June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 __ ___ ___ 11, 000. 00 4. CHANNELS IN LAKE ST. CLAIR, MICH. Location and description.---Lake St. Clair is the smallest of the Great Lakes, being about 460 square miles in area, and is shallow throughout. On the sailing course it is 18 miles wide, and its great- est width is about 30 miles. The drainage area above its outlet is 228,760 square miles, and the mean discharge at that point is about 212,000 second-feet, with a maximum monthly mean discharge of about 247,000 and minimum of about 153,000. There is a fall of about 0.2 foot from the head of the canal to Windmill Point. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 42.) Original condition.-In its original condition the channels through this lake were obstructed by a shoal at the entrance to the Detroit River and by bars in the lake at the several mouths of the St. Clair River. This river flows into Lake St. Clair through seven mouths forming a delta, known as the St. Clair Flats. These passes were obstructed by bars in the lake, over which there was a least 'depth of water of from 2 to 6 feet. The existing canal is located in what is known as the South Channel. Previous projects.-The original project for the construction of the channel through the St. Clair Flats was authorized by the act of March 2, 1867. Subsequent modifications and additions were au- thorized by the act of March 3, 1873. The total amount expended on and the total cost of the original and modified projects prior to commencement in 1886 of operations under the existing project was $591,060, all applied to new work. For further details of previous projects see pages 1957-1958, Annual Report for 1915. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1580 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Existing project.-This provides for ship canals consisting of two dredged cuts at the mouth of the south channel of St. Clair River, each 300 feet wide and 25 feet deep, these cuts to be separated for a distance of about 7,221 feet by a sand dike 100 feet wide, revetted on each side by sheet piling, the east side of the east cut to be pro- tected by a dike of the same length but only 50 feet in width. From the south end of the dike the channel is to be 700 feet wide, increas- ing to 800 feet, for depth of 25 feet, across Lake St. Clair to head of Detroit River. The project depth is referred to low water datum for Lake St. Clair, which is taken at 573.8 feet above mean tide at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to depth of 24.5 feet on the Lake Survey chart of the locality. As measured by monthly mean levels the water may rise and fall dur- ing the navigation season each year as much as 1.4 feet. During the past 20 years the difference between the highest and lowest monthly mean level during navigation season has been about 4.1 feet. Occa- sional fluctuations due to winds of high velocity may be as much as 1 foot in six hours. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1930, is $4,552,500, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 5, 1886, provided for the present dikes (Annual Report for 1885, p. 2159); the act of July 13, 1892, provided for the deepening of the east cut of the canal and for dredging the channel at Grosse Pointe (H. Doc. No. 207, 51st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the second cut at the canal for down bound vessels (H. Doc. No. 234, 56th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 2, 1919, provided for a 21-foot depth in the Grosse Pointe Channel for a length of about 51/4 miles (H. Doc. No. 188, 65th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for a 25-foot depth through the canals and the channel through Lake St. Clair (H. Doc. No. 253, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest pub- lished map is in the document last mentioned. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. This improvement is in Lake St. Clair and serves the through commerce between the upper and lower Lakes. Effect of improvement.-All the commerce passing between the lower and upper lakes passes through the channels in Lake St. Clair. The effect of the improvement on the draft and size of vessels and the increased tonnage carried has been set forth in the report on St. Marys River under this same heading. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging was done by U. S. hopper dredge Willets Point during the period October 21 to November 2, 1929, and by U. S. hopper dredge Burton during the period April 1 to 30, 1930, in the channel lakeward from St. Clair Flats Canal, for a length of about 1 mile. The amount of material removed was 240,216 cubic yards, bin measure. Surveys to determine depths in the areas dredged were made during 1929. Repairs to the south end of the west dike were made in 1930, such repairs being necessitated by the collisions of several steamers RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1581 with the dike. The cost of the repairs will be charged against the owners of the vessels concerned. Contract was entered into on June 26, 1930, for furnishing and placing 10,000 tons of rock for repairs to east dike. A custodian was employed to enforce St. Clair Flats Canal rules and to make minor repairs to the canal dikes. The costs during the fiscal year were $29,904.68, all for mainte- nance, and distributed as follows: Operation of United States dredges__________________------------------------ $27,043.97 Repairs to dikes ------------------------------------------ 149. 73 Surveys and examinations of channels ------------------------- 192. 47 Custody of canal------------------- -------------------- 2, 518. 51 Total --------------------------------------------- 29, 904. 68 The total expenditures were $27,873.68. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project, exclusive of the deepening of the channels (provided for in 1930) was completed in 1920 at a saving of $114,962. The work remaining to be done is the deepening of the channels to 25 feet. The project, as modified, is about 38 per cent completed. The easterly dike for the protection of the St. Clair Flats Canal was completed in 1892. The dike along the westerly edge of the old canal which, since the construction of the down-bound channel in 1906, separates the upbound and down-bound channels, was completed in 1892. The east dike is now. undergoing repairs under contract by the replacement of lost stone, upon com- pletion of which it will be in fair condition. The west dike, how- ever, is showing signs of failure, due to the rotting of timbers, and extensive repairs will be required in the near future. The con- trolling depth in the channels, as determined by survey made in 1929, is 20 feet, referred to project datum. The width of channels varies from about 300 feet in the canals to 800 feet in Lake St. Clair. The total length of channel included in the project is 17 miles. The costs have amounted to $1,779,423.03 for new work and $707,- 881.63 for maintenance, a total of $2,487,304.66. Additional costs have been paid from St. Clair Flats Canal allotments for operation and care amounting to $235,346.42 and a sum of $107,024 for dredg- ing in connection with the ship channel project for lakes as a whole in 1893-94. The total expenditures under the existing project have amounted to $2,487,100.48. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended at the end of the fiscal year ($102,849.93) will be applied to maintenance work about as follows: Maintenance dredging in upper Lake St. Clair Channel by United States hopper dredge----------------------------------- $68, 500. 00 Repair to dikes, St. Clair Flats Canal (by contract) ---------- _ 30, 000. 00 Custody of canal----------------------------------------- 2, 500. 00 Examination of channels----------------------------------- 1, 849. 93 Total------------ ------------------------------- 102, 849. 93 Operations as stated will result in exhaustion of funds by June 30. 1931. The channel, about 16 miles in length, through Lake St. Clair, is a critical section of the ship channel .connecting the Great Lakes, and 1582 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1980 is subject to continuous shoaling near the St. Clair Flats Canal. The maintenance of project channel dimensions is necessary. Dete- rioration of retaining walls and settlement or displacement of stone riprap along the canal and lake faces of the dikes at St. Clair Flats Canal make occasional repairs necessary. The funds that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($18, 000), will be applied about as follows: Maintenance dredging by United States hopper dredge ....-------- $10, 500 Repairs to dikes, St. Clair Flats Canal------___-_ _- 3, 000 Custody of canal-------------- ------------------------------ 2,500 Examinations of channels.-------........____----____ _ 2, 000 Total------------------------------ ------------------- 18, 000 The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.--The commerce transported through this channel is as follows: Grain, copper, iron ore, pig iron, lumber, coal, stone, gravel, and general merchandise. (Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925_--------------- 84, 976, 467 $1, 159, 928, 7756 1928---------- --- 90, 649, 279 $1, 232, 830, 194 192_---------------. 87, 339, 635 1, 084, 758, 267 1929 - --- ------- -- 99, 677, 966 1, 076, 522, 033 1927 --------------- 89, 166, 999 1, 210, 887, 846 Vessels carrying freight on the improved portion of the channel usually load to the maximum draft available. The records show that 8,135,179 registered tons using the Detroit River did not pass through the St. Clair Flats Canal, but either stopped at Detroit or turned and went back down the river. Sub- tracting this amount from the total shown for the Detroit River leaves for the registered tonnage passing through the St. Clair Flats Canal 73,438,419 tons. Applying to this figure the same pefcentage of increase over registered freight as for Detroit River-35.73 per cent-gives for the estimated actual freight carried through the canal 99,677,966 tons, and using the same unit value as for Detroit River--$10.80 per ton-gives as the value of the actual freight $1,076,522,033. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_- ------ ______--___ _ $2, 370, 483. 03 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------__---__________ 07, 881. 63 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930.----------- 3, 078, 364. 66 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930----------- 157. 61 Net total cost to June 30, 1930---------------------- 3, 078, 522. 27 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------- --- 361. 79 Net total expenditures--.-------- ---------- _-__ 3, 078, 160. 48 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ___--- ------- _-- 102, 849. 93 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 3, 181, 010. 41 RIVERS AND HARBOB--DBTBOIT, MIOH., DISTRIO 1583 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work------------------ -------------------- Cost of maintenance------------------- $32,222.48 $25, 944.77 $6,867. 89 $_2,019.06 $29,904.68 Total expended-. __--------------- ------- 32, 222.48 25,944. 77 7, 682.64 52, 266. 14 27, 873. 68 Allotted--------------- -------------- 20,000. 00 14, 000. 00 20, 000. 00 52, 000. 00 112,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------- ------------------- $18, 723. 61 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930..------------------- $82, 500. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930 --------------------------------------- 80,000.00 112, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for --------------------------- 131, 223. 61 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment--------------- 500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for..................----------------------- 130, 723. 61 Gross amount expended---- ---------------------- 27,875. 68 Less receipts from sales----------------------------- 2. 00 27,873. 68 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------102, 849. 98 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------------- 361.79 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts------------ 9, 900. 00 10,261.79 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------ 92, 588. 14 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ 2, 773, 100.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1----------------------------- 18, 000. 00 5. DETROIT RIVER, MICH. Location and descriptin.-The Detroit River connects Lakes St. Clair and Erie and is about 28 miles long; but, including the channel dredged through the shoal in Lake Erie adjacent to the river mouth, this section is 31 miles long. The drainage area above its head is 228,760 .square miles. The smallest known monthly mean discharge for unobstructed flow is about 155,000 second-feet, and the largest is about 249,000 second-feet. The total fall is about 3 feet, most of which occurs in a length of about 5 miles in the lower portion of the river. In general, the river flows in a southerly direction, and the current is about 1 mile per hour, except at Limekiln Crossing, where the mean velocity is about 2.5 miles and the maximum about 5 miles per hour. The width of the river varies from one-half mile to about 3 miles, and there are a number of islands which divide the river into two or more channels. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 41.) Original condition.-The river was available for the purposes of commerce prior to improvement. At that time the shoalest part of the channel was at Limekiln crossing, about 8 miles above Detroit River Lighthouse, where the normal depth was from 121/2 to 15 feet at Lake Erie stage, 570.8 feet above mean tide at New York, over a bottom of solid rock. The river was navigable throughout its entire length. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 11714--ENG 1930----100 1584 REPORT OF OCHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. RARMY,1930 Previous projects.-The original improvement was authorized by the act of June 23, 1874, and subsequent modifications by the acts of July 5, 1884, August 5, 1886, August 11, 1888, July 13, 1892, and March 3, 1899. The total amount expended and the total cost prior to commencement of operations under the existing project in 1904 was $2,097,254, all on new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1958 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a two-way channel 25 feet deep and 800 feet wide through shoals at head .of river, 26 feet deep and 800 feet wide through Fighting Island Channel, and 26 feet deep and 600 feet wide through Ballards Reef north of junction with Liv- ingstone Channel; for a downbound channel, known as Livingstone Channel, west of Bois Blanc Island, 26 feet deep and at least 450 feet wide from its upper end to oposite Bar Point, thence 26 feet deep and 800 feet wide to the 26-foot contour in Lake Erie .west of Detroit River Lighthouse; for an upbound channel, known as the Amherst- biurg Channel, 22 feet deep and 800 feet wide, from Lake Erie to the lower junction with Livingstone Channel, passing on the east side of Detroit River Lighthouse, thence 21 feet deep and at least 600 feet wide passing on the east side of Bois Blanc Island to the head of Livingstone Channel; for a dike on the west bank of the rock cut through Livingstone Channel to ameliorate cross currents; for a compensating waste bank to the east of the cofferdam; and for improving channel to Wyandotte by removing shoal at head of Grosse Isle. The following table shows the characteristic features of the existing project: Length Distance Used by Name of channel of from up or down Project Project Datum channel mouth bound width depth planes vessels Feet Miles Feet Feet Feet Shoals at head of Detroit River._- 23, 000 26. 0 Both...... 800 25 573. 4-573. 1 Fighting Island Channel------------- 26, 000 12. 0 __.do....... 800 26 572. 2-572. 1 Ballards Reef Channel (north of junc- tion with Livingstone Channel) .---- 14, 000 6.0 - -do... 600 26 572. 1-571. 8 Livingstone Channel_---_-_.----.. 84, 000 ---------- Down ... } 26 571.8-570.8 600 22 Amherstburg Channel------------................57, 000Up-------- 600 21 571. 8-570. 8 800 22 Grosse Isle Shoal._..-.-.. --.-...... --- 600 14. 2 Local ................ 20 572. 1 By authority of river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, the channel passing to the west of Detroit River Lighthouse (formerly a part of Amherstburg Channel) is now included in Livingstone Channel project, and the channel to the east of Detroit River Lighthouse (part of the original Livingstone Channel project) is now included in Amherstburg Channel project. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lakes St. Clair and Erie, which are taken at 573.8 and 570.8 feet respect- ively, above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean level of the lake, 1860-1875. The datum of the lake survey chart of this river is 0.8 foot lower than the Lake Erie project datum. Each year during the navigation season the river rises and falls about 2 feet as measured by the monthly mean levels. In the past 69 years the difference between the highest and lowest monthly mean RIVERS AND HARBORS--DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1585 levels during the navigation season has been about 4 feet. Occasional fluctuations in depths of several feet, produced by high easterly or westerly winds, respectively, raise or lower the water level at the west end of Lake Erie, and similarly affect the level of the lower Detroit River; such changes have been as much as 6 feet within eight hours. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1930, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects, is $25,687,900. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $38,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The acts of June 13, 1902, March 3, 1905, and June 25, 1910, provided for the Amherstburg Channel and removal of Grosse Isle Shoal (H. Does. Nos. 712, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and 40, 58th Cong., 3d sess.) ; the act of March 4, 1913, provided for the Fighting Island Channel (H. Doc. No. 17, 62d Cong., 1st sess.); the acts of March 2, 1907, June 25, 1910, March 2, 1919, provided for the Living- stone Channel (H. Does. Nos. 266, 59th Cong., 2d sess.; 676, 61st Cong., 2d sess.; and 322, 65th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for channel depths of 25 and 26 feet (H. Doc. No. 253, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last- mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. The only work known to have been done with funds supplied by other sources than Con- gress was the removal of some bowlders from the channel at Lime- kiln Crossing by the Canadian Government prior to the beginning of work by the United States. The exact amount expended is not known, but it is believed to have been a little more than $5,000. Ternminal facilities.-This improvement serves the through com- merce between the upper and lower lakes, and it has not materially influenced the terminal facilities of the towns along its route except for the city of Detroit. Within the limits of this city there are more than 6 linear miles of docks fronting on the river, and the appliances for handling freight are adequate. A number of docks are owned by railroads and large manufacturing corporations over which no freight is'received except for their own use. Other docks are owned by steamship lines where preference is given to their own vessels. There are, however, still other docks that are believed to be open to the use of all vessels upon equal terms, including one with a terminal warehouse, and such docks are adequate for the needs of the general commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-A very large percentage of the total com- merce of the Great Lakes passes through this improvement, which forms one section of the through ship channel. A great increase in the draft of vessels has been permitted, resulting in vessels of greater tonnage. Greater speed without sacrificing safety has followed the addition of double channels. It is believed that to those causes is due the reduction of freight rates on the Great Lakes. (See state- ment under this heading in report on St. Marys River.) Operations and results during fiscal year.-New work: The earth section at the Lake Erie end of Livingstone Channel, 8,000 feet long and 800 feet wide, was dredged to 22 feet depth during July-October, 1929. The work was done by the U. S. hopper dredge Willets Point, 1586 REPORT OF OHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 193 0 and earth was removed in amount of 296,987 cubic yards, place measurement. A survey was made after dredging. Maintenance: Dredging at the Lake Erie ends of Detroit River channels was done by the Willets Point during September and Octo- ber, 1929, in amount of 92,244 cubic yards, bin measurement. Loose rocks and bowlders obstructive to navigation in the rock sections of the channels near the mouth of the river were removed during 1929. These obstructions had been found by sweeping which was in progress at the close of the prior fiscal year. During May and June, 1930, these rock sections were swept again, and about 30 obstructions were found, of which about 75 per cent had been removed at the close of the fiscal year. Discharge measurements are being made to determine the volume of flow and the effect of the channel improvements upon lake levels. For this purpose three self-registering water gages are maintained at about 1 2-mile intervals along the Canadian shore near the mouth of the river. The most southerly of these gages was operated dur- ing the entire year, the others only when the river was free from ice. The costs during the fiscal year were $57,171.57 for new work and $16,820.16 for maintenance, a total of $73,991.73, distributed as follows: New work : Dredging by U. S. hopper dredge Willets Point___----- $57, 171. 57 Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dredge Willets Point--------------------- 5, 164. 35 Sweeping channels-------------------------------- 5, 174. 15 Removing obstructions_______________ ___2, 675. 89 Supervision, gage readings, and contingencies_____..__-___ 2, 031.54 Hydraulic measurements____-____-____ -______ - - __ 1, 774. 23 Total--------- ------ ------- 16, 820. 16 The total expenditures were $77,973.85. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project, exclusive of additional new work (provided for in 1930), was completed in 1929, at a saving of $41,667. The work remaining to be done is that provided by act of July 3, 1930, for the deepening of the downbound channels to 25 and 26 feet. The existing project, as modified, is about 51 per cent completed. The work already done has consisted of dredging, rock excavation, and the construction of dikes and compensating works. The upbound, Amherstburg Channel, was completed in 1914, and the Grosse Isle Channel in 1904. The following table gives widths, lengths, and controlling depths referred to project datum planes for the several channels at the close of the fiscal year: Name of channel Project Control- Minimum Length of datum ling depth width channel plane Feet Feet Feet Feet Shoals at head of Detroit River-------- ----------- 573.4-573. 1 21.8 800 23, 000 Fighting Island Channel_---- _----------------_____. 572. 2-572. 1 21.8 800 26, 000 Ballards Reef Channel (north of junction with Living- stone Channel)..........----------------------------- 572. 1-571. 8 21.8 600 14, 000 Livingstone Channel (rock section)- 571. 8-570. 8 21.8 ( 450800 000 30,4, Livingstone Channel (earth section)- - -...--------- 570. 8 21.8 800 50, 000 Amherstburg Channel----- ------- 571. 8-570.8 { 218 } 600 57, o000 Grosse Isle Shoal (channel to Wyandotte).--.- - -- - 572. 1 20.0 ........... 600 RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1587 The dikes and compensating works are in good condition. The costs have amounted to $13,108,333.04 for new work and "$127,517.75 for maintenance, a total of $13,235,850.79. The total expenditures under the existing project have amounted to $13,251,530.96. Proposed operations.--The funds unexpended at the end of the fiscal year ($55,295.66) will be applied about as follows: Purchase of plant consisting of 2 quarter boats and 2 launches for use in lower end of district _____-------------------------- $42, 000. 00 Maintenance dredging by United States hopper dredge------------ 7, 000. 00 -Channel examinations. ------------------------------------ 3, 000. 00 iProbings ---------------- -------------------------------- , 000. 00 Removal of obstructions (United States derrick boat)------------1, 000. 00 Hydraulic measurements_--------------------- ---- 1, 295.66 Total-------------------- -------------------------- 55, 295. 66 Operations as stated will result in exhaustion of funds by June 30, :1931. The channels in lower Detroit River are used by all vessels ply- ing between the upper and lower lakes. The volume and importance -of the commerce make necessary the maintenance of project depth in those channels which have a rock bottom for a river length of about 6 miles. Complete annual examinations by sweeping of both Livingstone and Amherstburg Channels are necessary, as well as oc- ,casional examinations of like character, due to reported vessel touches. Obstructions found as the result of such examinations are promptly removed. About 3 miles length of each of these channels, at the Lake Erie ends, are subject to shoaling by a deposit of silt and sand, and such shoals should be removed, preferably by a hopper dredge. The funds that can be profitably expended for maintenance of these channels during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($18,000), will be applied about as follows: Maintenance dredging by United States hopper dredge-------------$9, 300 Channel examinations------------------ 5, 500 Removal of obstructions (United States derrick boat)---__________ 2, 300 HIydraulic measurements--------------------------------------- 900 Total -------------------- --------------------------- 18, 000 The average annual cost of maintenance for the past five years was about $15,000. The increased amount now requested is due to the need of more extensive dredging. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistica.-Vessels carrying bulk freight, which forms about 98 per cent of the total tonnage, used a draft of about 19.5 feet. Vessels carrying miscellaneous freight and lumber were loaded to about 10 feet and 15 feet, respectively. Miscellaneous freight and lumber are each about 1 per cent of the total tonnage. 1588 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925_---- ----------- 90, 400, 529 $1, 233,967,221 1928_____-_____ - - -_ 100, 219, 634 $1,362,987, 022 1926 .....- .-- .- 95, 003, 604 1,179, 944, 762 1929-___--_ ___- 110, 719, 845 1,195, 774, 326 1927_ _:------- -.... 97,188,281 1,319,816,856 The actual freight, in tons, that is carried through the Detroit River can be closely estimated by comparison with the tonnage of St. Marys Falls Canal, where records of both net registered and actual freight are kept. During the season of 1929 the actual freight passing St. Marys Falls Canal was 35.73 per cent greater than the net registered tonnage. Since about three-fourths of the Detroit River tonnage is St. Marys Falls Canal tonnage, there is no error in assuming that the ratio for this three-fourths is the same for the Detroit River as for St. Marys Falls Canal, and it is reasonable to suppose that the ratio between the registered and freight tonnage of the remaining one-fourth is also the same as that for St. Marys Falls Canal. Therefore, increasing the registered tonnage by 35.73 per cent, the estimated actual freight of Detroit River is 110,719,845 short tons. The average value of the freight passing St. Marys Falls Canal during the season of 1929 was found to be $10.80 per ton. Assuming this unit value for Detroit River commerce, the total estimated value of the actual freight passing Detroit River during the season of 1929 would be $1,195,774,326. Cost and ftnanoil summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_______ _____ __---------- $15, 205, 587. 04 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 -- _--------------------_ 127, 517. 75 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------ 15, 333, 104. 79 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 --------- 17, 722. 74 Net total cost to June 30, 1930___ ------------- 15, 350, 827. 53 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930------- ---------- 460. 65 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 ------------------ 15, 351, 288. 18 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ----- __-------- -- 2, 503. 22 Net total expenditures --------------------------- 15, 348, 784. 96 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------------------- 55, 295. 66 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__---- --- - 15, 404, 080. 62 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 -- Cost of new work....________..---- _ ... $79, 379. 48 $33, 513. 14 $10, 565.65 $377. 40 $57, 171. 57 Cost of maintenance.__----- ------------ 14, 655.31 10, 427. 69 7, 982. 79 14, 883. 76 16, 820. 16 Total cost...----------------------. - 94, 034.79 43,940.83 18, 548.44 15, 261.16 73,991.73 Total expended---....------------------- . 94,034.79 43, 940.83 28,041.05 15, 490.40 77,973.85 10. 00 2,0.0.8.65 7,0.00 5,500 Allotted.....------......-------------------- 56, 500.00 I 12, 000.00 1I 20, 000.00 1I 28, 279.65 -- --- - 1I 75,000.00 I RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1589 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 $76, 769. 51 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved May 28, 1930_______-------- --- - - - __ -- ___-- 60, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for--------------------------137, 269. 51 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-------------- 4, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------133, 269. 51 Gross amount expended..----------------------- $77, 975. 55 Less receipts from sales --------------------------- 1. 70 77, 973. 85 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------- ------ 55, 295. 66 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930- - ---------------- - 2, 503. 22 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------ 52, 792. 44 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------------------- 460. 65 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930-------- --- 53, 253. 09 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1-------- __ ____ _------------- 12, 579, 600. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1----------------------- --- 18, 000. 00 6. MACKINAC HARBOR, MICH. Location and description.-This harbor is situated on the south- east end of Mackinac Island, which is located in the Straits of Mack- inac at the northern end of Lake Huron, a distance of 151/2 miles by water in a northwesterly direction from the harbor of Cheboygan, on the mainland. It is a natural indentation of the coast line, semi- circular in form, protected by breakwaters extending from Mission and Biddle Points, the area inclosed being about 34 acres. The extreme length of the harbor between Mission and Biddle Points, is about 2,400 feet, and the greatest width is about 2,000 feet. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 5.) Original condition.--Priorto improvement this harbor was avail- able for the purpose of commerce, as at mean lake levels there was a least depth of 18 feet to the docks. Shipping, however, was unsafe during periods of southeasterly and westerly storms. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of two breakwaters, 700 and 1,300 feet long, extending from Mission and Biddle Points, respectively, of stone riprap and bowlders where this form of construction would cost less than cribwork. The extreme difference between the highest and lowest monthly mean stages during the period 1875 and 1929 has been about 6 feet. The ordinary seasonal rise and fall is about 1 foot. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1900, was $80,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of mainten- nance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 646, 56th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1590 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 published map is in House Document No. 274, Sixty-third Congress, frst session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The harbor has two docks at right angles to shore and extending to 20 feet depth of water, which are accessible to boats on both sides. These docks are privately owned but open to all vessels upon equal terms. The terminal facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to provide a reasonably safe approach to and berth at the landing wharves and to afford shelter to vessels lying in the harbor. It is not believed that it has had any appreciable effect upon water rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.--Repairs were made to both rubblemound breakwaters. The work consisted in furnishing and placing 5,526.66 tons of boulders and recovering and replacing boulders by hourly hire of plant. The costs during the fiscal year were $23,686.50 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $23,213.91. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1914 at a saving of $2,018 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth within the harbor, as shown by an examination made during 1921, was 18 feet. The breakwaters are now in as good condition as when originally built. The costs have amounted to $77,982.12 for new work and $23,809.28 for maintenance, a total of $101,791.40. The total expenditures have amounted to $101,318.81. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended at the end of the fiscal year ($1,786.09) will be used for surveys and inspection. No work is contemplated during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, and no funds can be profitably expended. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the past year consisted of coal and general merchandise. The limit of draft for loaded boats is about 18 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925-......... 11,225 $1,021, 846 262, 665 1928______. - 10, 940 $1, 124, 280 305, 000 1926------.......... 8, 255 1,069, 000 276, 702 1929_ _..___ 10, 697 1,055, 037 306,112 1927.-..-.. - 10,038 948,835 300,191 In addition to the freight received and shipped there is a large passenger traffic during the summer months. Both the American and Canadian passenger vessels which run on through lines from the lower lakes to Lakes Michigan and Superior stop at this port, and there are special lines of vessels between it and Chicago, Mil- waukee, Detroit, Cheboygan, Mackinaw City, St. Ignace, the Cheneaux Islands, and Sault Ste. Marie. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1591 cost and4 rtuataJ summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------$77,982. 12 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 23, 809.28 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 101, 791.40 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------- ---- 472. 59 Net total expenditures --- 101, 318. 81 1-------------- Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------- 1, 786. 09 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------- ---- 103, 104. 90 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work......... I..------------.------------. I..---------- ---- I-----------.- -- ---- Cost of maintenance-------------------- $35.55 ------------------ - -- $23,686.50 Total expended-----...............-------------- -- 35.55-- ------- ....... .................---. 23,213.91 ........... ..............------------------- 25,000.00 Allotted----------------------------------................................. Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved February 23, 1927------------------------------------------ $25,000.00 Gross amount expended---------------------------------------23, 213. 91 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------- ---- 1, 786. 09 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------ ------------------ 472. 59 Balance available June 30, 1930 , 313. 50 1------------------------ 7. CHEBOYGAN HARBOR, MICH. Location and description.-This harbor is located on the lower reach of the Cheboygan River and is about 100 miles distant from Alpena, Mich., in a northwesterly direction. The river, which is 51/2 miles long, has its source in Mullet Lake, from which it flows in a northerly direction, emptying into the Straits of Mackinac, Lake Huron. The total drainage area, including the several small lakes above its source, is about 1,300 square miles. The volume of dis- charge is unknown. At the head of the improved portion there is a dam and a small lock, which has a lift of about 14.5 feet, but else- where the fall is unknown. The river is nontidal and the current sluggish. The width of the river varies from 100 to 300 feet, and the improved portion is about 1 mile in length. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 5.) Original condition.-Priorto improvement there was a minimum low-water depth of about 6 feet at the mouth of the river, which was about 200 feet wide at this point, and the commerce of the town was conducted from docks built in deep water in the Straits of Mackinac, the various commodities being transported between the harbor and these docks by means of lighters. The river was navigable a dis- tance of about 5 miles above the mouth, and boats drawing 4 to 5 feet could navigate a farther distance of about 30 miles through the streams and lakes forming what is known as the inland route. Previous project.-The original project was authorized by the act of March 3, 1871, and modified by act of June 14, 1880. The total amount expended and the total cost prior to commencement of opera- 11592 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINIEERS, TT. S. AMY, 1930 tions under the existing project in 1896 was $129,828.24, all on new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1956 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 18 feet deep and 200 feet wide from the Straits of Mackinac to the outer end of the west pier, and between lines parallel to and 25 feet from the docks from that point to the State Road Bridge; and thence 81/2 feet deep and 60 feet wide from this bridge to the lock in the Cheboygan River. The length of the section included in the project is 11,720 feet, of which 6,000 feet are in the straits. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Huron, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. These depths correspond to depths of 17.4 and 7.4 feet on the Lake Survey chart of the locality. Each year the level of the river rises and falls about 3 feet. From day to day the level changes somewhat, due to wind and barometric pressure, such changes some- times amounting to a foot or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1907, was $90,797.60, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual costs of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the 18 -foot channel (Annual Report for 1895, p. 2823); and the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the 8 -foot channel (H. Doc. No. 537, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1903, page 1984. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In 1872 the citizens of Cheboygan contributed $2,000 toward the improvement of the river, this amount being expended in dredging inside the inner end of the channel provided by the United States. Terminal facilities.-The harbor has one dock of about 1,000 feet length, which is privately owned but open to all vessels upon equal terms. There are also several other docks of less than 100 feet length which are privately owned and used. These terminal facili- ties are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made it possible for vessels of larger capacity to make use of the harbor. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-No work was considered necessary. The costs ($36.64), were for examination of harbor and applied to maintenance. The total expenditures were $54.75. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913 at a saving of $21,013 under the estimated cost. The work done consisted entirely in dredging. The outer end of the old slab pier on the western side of the entrance was riprapped in 1921. The controlling depth, as shown by an examination in 1926, was 6 feet for the section above the State Road bridge. Examination of June, 1929, showed a controlling depth of about 11 feet for a length of about 600 feet below the State Road bridge and 18.5 feet for the remaining distance to Lake Huron, except along the north- RIVERS AND HARBORS---DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1593 erly edge of the channel near deep water where the controlling depth is about 16.5 feet. The upstream limit of the improvement is at the lock, about 11,000 feet above the mouth. Light-draft boats navigate a farther distance of 30 miles in a waterway improved by local industries under a State law. The costs under the existing project have amounted to $69,783.81 for new work and $36,451.54 for maintenance, a total of $106,235.35. The total expenditures under the existing project have amounted to $106,235.35. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. No work is pro- posed during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, and therefore no funds can be profitably expended. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the past year consisted mainly of coal, fish, and general merchandise. The usual limit of draft for loaded boats is about 16.5 feet. During 1929 there was an increase in coal and a decrease in fish. Vessels carrying freight on the improved portions of the channel usually load to the maximum draft available. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year IShort tons Value 1925--------------------- 36,340 $544, 510 1928....................---------------------. 11,637 $740,165 1926--------------------- 33,802 685, 025 1929_ .------------ -------- 12,978 462,391 1927--------------------- 37, 634 897,111 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ___________ _____ $199, 612.05 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_________________________ 36, 451. 54 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------- 236, 063. 59 Net total expenditures-................. ______-- 236, 063. 59 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930______ ___ 236, 063. 59 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work................... . ............ .... . .... .... ..... ........ Cost of maintenance---------------------- $53.05 $20,046.04 $46.42 $59. 83 $36.64 Total expended.-------------------------- 53.05 20, 046.04 48. 64 41.72 54.75 Allotted-..--- ------------------------- 5, 000. 00 7, 000. 00 -1, 532. 88 ----------- -153.53 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ____ _____ __________ __ $208.28 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment- - ______-__-- 153. 53 Net amount to be accounted for ________ -___-_____-______ 54. 75 Gross amount expended .... _...- __ - - - 54. 75 8. ALPENA HARBOR, MICH. Location and de&cription.-Thisharbor is located on the northwest shore of Thunder Bay, Lake Huron, and on the lower reach of the Thunder Bay River, and is 96 miles distant in a northerly direction 1594 REPORT OF CHIEF OF EXGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 from Harbor Beach, Mich. The river, which is about 45 miles long, has its source in Montmorency and Alpena Counties, Mich., flows in an easterly direction, and empties into Thunder Bay. The area of the drainage basin is about 1,200 square miles. The fall and vol- ume of discharge are unknown. The river is nontidal and the cur- rent sluggish. The general width of the river is about 200 feet in the improved portion, which is about seven-eighths mile in length. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 5.) Original condition.-Before any improvements were made there was a minimum low-water depth of 7 feet over the bar at the mouth of the river, and greater depths inside the mouth. The river was about 200 feet wide at the mouth. It was navigable only about a mile above its mouth, further navigation being interrupted by a dam at that point. Previous projects.-The original project was authorized by the act of August 14, 1876, and modified by the act of August 2, 1882. The total amount expended and the total cost prior to commencement of operations under the existing project in 1890 was $18,888.70 for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1957 of An- nual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 161/2 feet deep from that depth in Thunder Bay to a point on Thunder Bay River seven- eighths of a mile above the lighthouse; for the protection of the said channel on the south side by the construction of a rubble mound over a length of about 660 linear feet landward from the end of the old docks and by the construction of a rubble breakwater from the same point lakeward for a distance of about 370 feet; for channel width of 200 feet from the 161/2 -foot contour in Thunder Bay to the outer end of the breakwater, thence tapering to 100 feet in a distance of about 500 feet, then 100 feet to Second Avenue Bridge, thence 75 feet for 1,600 feet, and thence 50 feet to upper limit of improvement. The total length of the river included in the project is 4,620 feet, and the improved channel extends a farther distance of 2,500 feet into the bay beyond the lighthouse. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Huron, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 15.4 feet on the Lake Survey Chart of this locality. Each year the level of Thunder Bay River rises and falls about 31/ feet. From day to day the level changes somewhat, due to wind and barometric pressure, such changes fre- quently amounting to more than a foot. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1928, is $150,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the dredging (Annual Report for 1889, p. 2288); and act of March 2, 1919, as amended by act of September 22, 1922, provided for the other fea- tures (H. Doc. No. 830, 65th Cong., 2d sess., and R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 1, 67th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 830, Sixty-fifth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. RIVERS AND HARBORS--DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1595 Local cooperation.-Priorto the time work of improvement was undertaken by the United States the Alpena Harbor Improvement Co., acting under a charter granted by the State of Michigan in 1865, improved the mouth of the river by building piers and by dredging. The piers were formed of cribs sunk with stone and hav- ing a superstructure of slabs. The amount expended by this com- pany and its successor was about $40,000, and a depth of 11 feet was secured. Some dredging was also done during the spring of 1875 by private parties at a cost of about $3,000, and since the improve- ment of this harbor was begun by the United States dredging has been done by private parties at various times. The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, as amended by river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, requires local interests to deed to the United States free of cost about 830 linear feet of dock on the south side of the entrance channel and a strip of land 75 feet wide, measured from the face of the docks. The required dedication has been completed. Terminal facilities.-There are docks for total lengths of about 2,000 feet on the right bank and about 2,100 feet on the left bank. These docks are privately owned, but about 800 feet length of that on the right bank is open to public use on equal terms. These ter- minal facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th .Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made it possible for boats of larger capacity to enter the harbor. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was consid- ered necessary. The costs ($21.99) were for examination of harbor and applied to maintenance. The total expenditures were $31.93. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 80 per cent completed. The work remaining to be done is a small por- tion of the channel widening in the bay section at the river mouth, and the excavation of rock for a length of about 1,000 feet at the upstream end where there is a least depth of about 11 feet. The widening of the bay section will be completed in connection with maintenance dredging, but there is no prospective need for the re- moval of rock at the upper limit. The work done consisted in dredging a channel in Thunder Bay and River and in the construc- tion of a rubble breakwater near the mouth of the river, the latter being completed in 1924. The controlling depth as determined by survey of June, 1929, was 16 feet. The head of navigation is a dam about 1 mile above the mouth of river. The costs under the existing project have amounted to $107,032.67 for new work and $92,953.29 for maintenance, a total of $199,985.96. The total expenditures under the existing project have amounted to $199,985.96. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. No work is pro- posed during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, and, therefore, no funds can be profitably expended. Commercial statistic.-The commerce of this harbor consists of fish, pulpwood, and coal. 1596 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925...-------....-----------............... 1, 394, 810 $6, 521, 313 1928 ------------------- 1, 824, 132 $9, 210, 192 1926 .-------......... _. 1, 600, 604 7, 975, 016 1929 ------------------- 1, 912, 449 8, 321,156 1927 --........ - - 1, 561, 481 8, 410, 286 The above figures include commerce on Bay Shore, 2 miles north of the river, viz, 1,847,552 tons; value $7,913,101. Vessels carrying freight on the improved portion of the channel usually loaded to the maximum draft available. During the past year, 64,897 tons of freight, having a value of $408,055, used the improved section of the harbor. This harbor was not a port of call for passenger steamers during 1929. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------------$125, 921. 37 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------92, 953.29 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ----------- 218, 874. 66 Net total expenditures--------------- ----- ------------- 18, 874. 66 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------.--- 218, 874. 66 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work. . Cost of maintenance --------------------- $25. 55 $8, 950. 53 $8.61 $26. 10 $21.99 Total expended..........................-------------------- 25. 55 8, 950. 53 10. 83 16. 16 31. 93 ------------------- --- Allotted-. _------ 5, 000. 00 200. 00 -61. 19 ------------ -151. 91 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 $183. 84 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment- - ---------- 151. 91 Net amount to be accounted for- ---------------- 31.93 Gross amount expended__-- -- ------- __-31.93 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-------------------------------------- 43, 000. 00 9. SAGINAW RIVER, MICH. Location and description.-This river is formed by the union of the Tittabawassee and Shiawassee Rivers at the southerly limits of the city of Saginaw, flows in a northerly direction a distance of 22 miles, and discharges into the south end of Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. The total area of the drainage basin is about 6,300 square miles. The discharge of the river at high water is 66,394 cubic feet per second. The river is nontidal and the current sluggish. The fall at low water is less than 1 foot. The average width is 700 feet. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 5.) Original condition.-Prior to improvement the entrance to the river was obstructed by a bar in Saginaw Bay having a minimum low-water depth over it of about 9 feet. Between the mouth and Bay City the depth varied from 15 to 30 feet. Thence to the head RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1597 of the river there were a number of shoal places having only 7 feet of water over them. The river was navigable throughout its entire length. Previous projects.-The original project was authorized by the act of June 23, 1866, and subsequent modifications by the acts of June 23, 1874, June 18, 1878, March 3, 1879, August 2, 1882, and August 5, 1886. The total amount expended on all projects, and the total cost, prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910, was $962,556.26, which can not now be separated in the amounts for new work and maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1957 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 18 feet deep and 200 feet wide from deep water in Saginaw Bay to the Sixth Street Bridge in Saginaw, Mich., thence 161/2 feet deep to the junction with the Tittabawassee River, a distance of 27 miles. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Huron, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corre- sponds to depth of 17.4 feet on the lake survey chart of this locality. Due to storms the level of the river at its mouth rises and falls about 3 feet. Spring freshets and excessive rains have caused an abnormal rise of as much as 14 feet at Saginaw. Occasionally a considerable change takes place within a few hours, resulting from the raising or lowering of Saginaw Bay by violent winds. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1930, is $1,600,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $80,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for a channel 200 feet wide, with depths of 181/2 feet in the bay and 161/ feet in the river (H. Doc. No. 740, 61st Cong., 2d sess.), and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the present dimensions of the project (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 30, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map of the locality is in the latter document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act of July 3, 1930, required local in- terests to furnish, without cost to the United States, suitable spoil- disposal areas, and to make necessary changes in submarine crossings and bridges (see H. Doc. No. 30, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). Terminal facilities.-At the cities of Bay City and Saginaw, about 13 miles apart on the Saginaw River, there were formerly several thousand feet length of docks on both sides of the river in use by the lumber industry, which are no longer kept in repair. At present the lengths of docks in a fair state of repair and in use are about 2,700 feet at Bay City and 1,000 feet at Saginaw. These docks are privately owned and are understood to be open to all vessels upon equal terms. There are also under construction two private docks, one for the Chevrolet Motor Co. at Saginaw, Mich., about 600 feet long, and one dock for the Consumers Power Co., located at Zil- waukee, about 1,100 feet Jong. Turning basins opposite these docks are also under construction by private interests. These terminal facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) 1598 REPORT OF.. CIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1930 Effect of improvement.-The improvement of this channel has made it possible for larger boats to use the channel. Most of the tonnage stops at the cement plant or oil station near the mouth of the river. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work of removing sunken logs obstructive to navigation in bay and lower river section. started June 13, 1929, and was discontinued on August 15, 1929. A total of 218 logs were removed from about 4,500 feet length of chan- nel, of which 173 logs were removed during the fiscal year. Dredging, under contract, in the river section from the Pere Marquette Railway bridge at Saginaw, Mich., to the Detroit & Mackinac Railway bridge at Bay City, was started on May 23, 1929, and completed April 17, 1930. The total amount removed under this contract was 184,462 cubic yards, place measurement, of which 156,919 cubic yards were removed during the fiscal year. Surveys in the bay channel and ahead of the dredge in the river were made in 1929 and 1930. Contract was entered into June 24, 1930, for maintenance work. The total costs of the several items of maintenance work were $53,611.65, distributed as follows: Dredging under contract --------------------- ------ $52,048. 81 Log removal by hired plant ------------------------- ----- 1, 496. 28 Examination of channels----------------------- --------------- 66. 56 Total -------------------------------------------- 53, 611.65 The total expenditures were $59,817.76. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project, exclusive of deepening of the river section authorized by the 1930 river and harbor act, was completed in 1914 at a saving of $14,865. The work remaining to be done under this project is the deepening of the river section to 182 feet to the Sixth Street Bridge in Saginaw, with a width of 200 feet. The modified project is about 48 per cent com- pleted. The work already done has consisted in dredging in the river and bay sections. Under previous projects, wing dams, and revetments were con- structed in the river section, such construction being completed in 1891. About 200 feet length of the revetment has been replaced by a dock, under War Department permit. The wing dams and the remaining portion of the revetment have deteriorated, but they are still effective. The controlling depths as shown by survey of 1929-30 are as follows: From the head of the improvement to the Pere Marquette Railway bridge at Saginaw, a distance of about 41/ miles, 11 feet; thence to Essexville, a distance of about 151/ miles, 161/2 feet for 150-foot width; thence to deep water in Saginaw Bay 181/2 feet, but not for full width. Some shoaling along the sides of the channel has occurred. The costs have amounted to $771,134.94 for new work and $480,- 895.23 for maintenance, a total of $1,252,Q30.17. The total expenditures under the existing project have amounted to $1,248,895.76. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended at the close of the fiscal year ($34,720.94) will be applied to maintenance about as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS--DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 15099 Maintenance dredging by United States hopper dredge in bay chan- nel, including surveys and supervision________________________ $27, 720. 94 Maintenance dredging by contract, including surveys and supervi- sion--------- --------------------------------------- 7, 000. 00 Total ------------------------------ 34, 720. 94 Operations as stated will result in exhaustion of funds by June 30, 1931. Both bay and river channels are subject to deterioration due to sediment brought down the river during spring freshets. The bay channel deteriorates due to wave action across the adjacent flats in this section. Increased demands for water transportation up to the city of Saginaw require partial restoration of the project. Pres- ent and prospective use of this waterway warrants the maintenance of the channel. Funds should be made available for this purpose. The additional sum of $17,000 can, therefore, be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, in maintenance dredging in river and bay sections and expenses incidental thereto. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.--Thecommerce of this river consists mainly of lumber and petroleum products, pig iron, fish, cement, stone, and sand. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925.....---------------------318, 213 $4, 210, 610 1928--------------------400, 702 $3,548, 839 1926.....--------------------- 391,869 3,928, 330 1929--------------------- 618,714 5, 463, 485 1927.....--------------------.....444,020 4,426,523 During 1929 there was an increase in lumber, coal, stone, sand, pig iron, and oil--the latter two of large unit value. The percentages of tonnage and value, respectively, pertaining to the several por- tions of the project were to Essexville, 70.5 and 75.5; to Bay City, 18.1 and 7.7; and to Saginaw, 11.4 and 16.8. Vessels carrying freight on the improved portion of the channel usually load to the maximum draft available. Cost and ftnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__----------------- $1, 733, 691. 20 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_--------------------- 480, 895. 23 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 2, 214, 586. 43 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930_ -... __ 35. 69 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 2, 214, 622.12 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------- ---- 15. 60 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930-- ------------------ 2, 214, 637. 72 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930----------------------- 3, 185. 70 Net total expenditures ---- ----------------------- 2,211, 452.02 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-- 34, 720. 94 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-_-_-- 2, 246, 172. 96 l14---ENG 1930-----101 1600 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------------------------- Cost of maintenance------------------$55, 430. 95 $99, 070.31 ------- $153,347.63 $26, 934. 48 $53, 611.65 Total expended..---- 5------------------- 55, 430. 95 99, 070.31 144, 931. 18 26, 498. 77 59,817. 76 Allotted ..---------------------------- 75, 000.00 179, 000.00 47,000.000. 00 50,000.00 17, 600.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_________________ _ ___ _ $76, 938. 70 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 --------- ___-- __-___ $16, 600.00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930 15, 000. 00 31, 600. 00 Amount to be accounted for________________________-----_ 108, 538.70 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment---------------- 14, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for___________________________94, 538. 70 Gross amount expended ------------------------- $59, 872.31 Less receipts from sales __-- --------------- 54. 55 59, 817. 76 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------- 34, 720.94 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------------------- 3,185. 70 Balance available June 30, 1930__ ______------- 31, 535. 24 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930_________ 15. 60 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930_________ -_ 31, 550. 84 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of 1- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 830, 000. 00 existing project Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1______------------ ----- _ 17, 000. 00 10. HARBOR OF REFUGE AT HARBOR BEACH, LAKE HURON, MICH. Location and description.-This harbor is located on the west shore of Lake Huron, about 60 miles north of the city of Port Huron. No harbor originally existed at this locality, the present harbor being an artificial one formed by breakwaters of cribwork filled with stones, so located in the lake as to shelter a water area of about 650 acres. The harbor has an extreme length of about 6,000 feet and width of about 4,500 feet. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 5.) Original condition.-Before the construction of the harbor of refuge a dock had been built out into the lake from the shore, and vessels landed at this dock when weather conditions permitted. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the formation of a harbor of refuge protected by stone-filled timber-crib breakwaters-the main breakwater being 4,716 feet long, the north one 1,204 feet long and attached to the main breakwater, the original north entrance, 304 feet wide, being reopened to a depth of about 10 feet, and the south breakwater 1,956 feet long. The entrance channel between the main and south breakwaters is 600 feet wide and 23 feet deep. The anchorage area is approximately 3,000 feet long by 1,200 feet wide and 21 feet deep. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1601 The project depths are referred to a stage 579.6 feet above mean tide at New York and 2 feet below mean level of the lake, 1860-1875. These depths correspond to depths of 21.9 and 19.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The normal elevation of the water surface in Lake Huron varies from year to year. During each year the level is subject to a seasonal rise and fall, the lowest stages pre- vailing during winter and the highest during summer months. Such yearly changes, measured by monthly mean levels, may be as much as 1.8 feet. During the past 20 years the difference between the highest and lowest monthly mean levels during the navigation sea- son has been about 4.4 feet. Occasional fluctuations, due to winds of high velocity, may be as much as 2 feet in eight hours. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1917, was $1,658,550. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of mainte- nance is $10,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1871, adopted the site and made provision for the harbor (Annual Report for 1873, p. 292); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for closing the north entrance and dredging the main entrance and the anchorage area (H. Doc. No. 1700, 64th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. The act of January 21, 1927, authorizes the Secretary of War to remove such portion of the breakwater, in the interest of sanitation, as will not be detrimental to purposes of navigation. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is but one dock, about 500 feet long, within the harbor. This dock is privately owned, but it is open to all vessels upon equal terms. Terminal facilities are considered ade- quate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The harbor has been a benefit to com- merce by affording a safe refuge to vessels in storms, thereby lessen- ing the risks of navigation. During the calendar year 1929, 189 vessels, representing a total tonnage of 67,841, sought shelter at this harbor. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was con- sidered necessary. The costs ($51.89) were for miscellaneous over- head expenses and applied to maintenance. The total expenditures were $73.38. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in September, 1928, at a saving of $457,951.83 under the esti- mated cost. The work consisted in the construction of three break- waters, the dredging of an entrance channel, and the dredging of an anchorage area about 72 acres in extent under the protection of the breakwaters. The breakwaters were originally built in 1885, and since that time it has been necessary to top them with concrete and to protect about 6,170 feet of the outer face with heavy riprap. Storms have disturbed some of this riprap, which will require re- placement in the near future. The north entrance was closed by rubble mound in 1920 and reopened to about 10 feet depth in 1928. Dredging was completed in 1922. The harbor has controlling depths of 23 feet at its entrance and about 20 feet within anchorage area, as shown by survey of 1928. I REPORT OF IE OF EN'GINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The costs have amounted to $1,200,598.17 for new work and $1,430,- 189.39 for maintenance, a total of $2,630,787.56. The total expenditures have amounted to $2,630,821.44. Proposed operations.-Unexpended funds at the close of the fiscal year ($3,928.33) will be applied to repairs to breakwaters, including incidental surveys and supervision. Funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. Due to the exposure to severe wave action, it is necessary occasion- ally to adjust or replace stone riprap along the breakwaters. Other repairs to the breakwaters are necessary at times. Recent storms have displaced riprap for an aggregate length of about 450 feet along the main breakwater. This should be replaced within a reasonable time. The amount that can be profitably ex- pended for this work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, is $22,500. The average annual cost of maintenance for the past five years was about $10,500. The additional amount now requested is due to the need of more extensive breakwater repairs. Commercial statistics.-The local freight carried to and from the town of Harbor Beach, situated at this harbor of refuge, is given in the following table. It consisted of coal and fish. Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925- - - - 227,1 28-- - - - - 46,865 $152,559 1926---------------------- 29,350 149,193 1929----------------------- 23,320 119,602 1927.....................-- 19,600 115,317 During 1929 there was a decrease in the items of limestone, sand and gravel, all of small unit value. This harbor was not a port of call for passenger steamers during 1929. Vessels trading to this harbor load to a draft of about 16 feet. Vessels entering for shelter have a maximum draft of about 18.5 feet. The number and tonnage of the latter during the past five calendar years were as follows: Average T Total tonnage Calendar year Steam Tow Sail Motor Total vessels o steam vessels Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons 1925 ..........------ ---. .....--------------...... 96, 782 10, 032 44 2, 557 109, 415 186 1,030 1926--------------------------- 68,195 16,275 366 6,455 91,291 170 842 44, 088 1927-...............--------------------.......... 6, 812 32 1,758 52, 690 130 658 1928......----------------------- 52,478 2, 930 26,148 ..........---------- 81,616 153 905 14,410 ....-------...... 1929------------------------...........................49,340 4,091 67,841 189 783 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930____------------------- $1,200,598.17 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__-------------1------ 1,430, 189. 39 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 2, 630, 787. 56 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---------- 33.88 Net total expenditures------_- _-- - -_ 2, 630, 821. 44 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 .... ------- - 3, 928. 33 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------, 2, 634, 749.77 RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1603 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 I 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-.. ------- ----- --------------------- $4,705.43 $17, 538.95- Cost of maintenance ------------------- $8, 311.10 $770. 79 --...--------... 555. 86 $51.89 Total cost_--------- --___------------ 8, 311.10 770. 79 4,705.43 18,094.81 51.89 Total expended..---........---------------------............ 8, 311.10 770. 79 545. 29 22,340.95 73.38 Allotted- --------------------------- ---------- 13, 500. 00 4,000. 00 -500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $4, 501. 71 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment----- ---------- 500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------ 4, 001. 71 Gross amount expended-------------------------------- ------- 73. 38 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 3, 928. 33 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance -------------------- ----------- 22, 500. 00 11. BLACK RIVER, MICH. Location and description.-The Black River has its source in the northern part of Sanilac County, Mich., flows in a southerly and easterly direction passing through the city of Port Huron, and empties in to the St. Clair River about 21/4 miles below the foot of Lake Huron. It has a length of about 60 miles. The drainage area of the river is about 700 square miles, but its fall and discharge are unknown. The river is nontidal and the current sluggish, the fall at low water being practically nothing in the improved portion. The average width is 150 feet. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 43.) Original condition.--In 1888, when the original survey was made, the lower reach of the river, from the mouth to the Grand Trunk Railway bridge, varied in width from 120 to 150 feet, and had a depth of from 10 to 14 feet, except at a few points where it was obstructed by bars having only 81/2 feet of water over them. The river was navigable for boats of about 4 feet draft up. to a point about 7 miles above the mouth and for skiffs and log rafts about 15 miles farther upstream. Previous projects.-The original project for the mouth of Black River was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872, and modified by the act of August 11, 1888. The total expenditures and the total costs under these projects prior to the consolidation of the projects for Black River and mouth of Black River was $97,- 856.89, of which $85,848.58 was for new work and $12,008.31 was for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1441 of Annual Report for 1916. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 17 feet deep from deep water in St. Clair River to Washington Avenue, 160 feet wide at the mouth, decreasing to 100 feet about 800 feet from the mouth, thence 100 feet wide for 2,600 feet, decreasing to 75 feet for a dis- tance of 6,300 feet at the upper end; and for a settling basin 75 feet wide and 19 feet deep, beginning at the Grand Trunk Railroad 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1604 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, TU.S. ARMY, 1930 bridge in Port Huron and extending upstream a distance of about 2,300 feet. The length of the section included in the project is 10,600 feet. The project depth is referred to local low-water datum in the St. Clair River at the mouth of the Black River, which is taken at 578.2 feet above mean tide at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 16.1 feet on the Lake Survey chart of the locality. Each year the level of the river rises and falls from 4 to 6 feet, due to the fact that spring freshets raise the level considerably above the normal. The level also changes from day to day, due to winds, such changes amounting to several inches. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1930, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects, is $60,700. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $7,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the chan- nel from the mouth to the Grand Trunk Railway bridge (Annual Report for 1889, p. 2291); the act of July 13, 1892, provided for the section thence to Washington Avenue (no printed report); the act of September 22, 1922, consolidated the projects for Black River at Port Huron and mouth of Black River (H. Doc. No. 436, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act°of July 3, 1930, provided for the set- tling basin (H. Doc. No. 162, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 436, Sixty-fourth Con- gress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. The upper portion of the river has been dredged a number of times by private parties, the total amount expended on this work being about $60,000. Terminal facilities.-There are docks on both sides of Black River from its mouth for a length of about 1,000 feet, and between these docks and the upper limit of improvement (about 8,700 feet) there are five docks varying in length from 100 feet to 500 feet. All docks are privately owned, and they are believed to be restricted to the use of the owners. The present terminal facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The water-borne commerce on this chan- nel consists principally of bulk freight, and the improvement has made it possible to use vessels of greater capacity. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging under con- tract, for restoration of project dimensions for 1,500 feet length above the Grand Trunk Railroad bridge, was done during the period August 12, 1929, and November 25, 1929. Material was removed in amount of 16,333 cubic yards, place measure. Emergency dredging by hired plant was done on June 3, 1930, when 565 cubic yards, scow measure, were removed. Surveys following the completion of the contract were made in 1929. A survey was also made in April, 1930. The costs during the fiscal year were $5,672.01 for maintenance dredging done under contract, and $538.56 for maintenance sur- veys, a total of $6,210.57. RIVERS AND HARBORS---DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1605 The total expenditures were $6,069.43. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project, exclusive of settling basin, was completed in 1894 at a saving of $40,301 under the estimated cost. The existing project as modified in 1930 is 34 per cent completed, the work remaining to be done being the con- struction of the settling basin. The work done already has consisted entirely of dredging. The controlling depth, as shown by survey of April, 1930, was 17 feet, except at the upper end for about 500 feet, where depths were about 9 feet. The head of navigation for boats of light draft is about 5 miles above the upper limit of the improve- ment. The costs have amounted to $34,698.65 for new work and $131,- 072.21 for maintenance, a total of $165,770.86. The total expenditures under the existing project have amounted to $165,659.31. Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended at the end of the fiscal year ($10,114.16) will be applied to maintenance dredging by hired labor, or contract, including necessary surveys and supervision. Ap- plication of funds as stated will result in exhaustion of funds by June 30, 1931. Sand and silt to the extent of about 33,000 cubic yards are carried down annually from the upper reaches of the river and deposited in the improved section, requiring periodical removal. The com- merce using this channel warrants the maintenance of project dimen- sions. Funds should be made available for surveys and removal of shoals. The funds that can be profitably expended for maintenance work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($6,000) will be applied about as follows: Dredging by contract or hired plant________________________-- $4, 500 Examination of channel ----------------------------------- 1, 500 Total----- ---------- ---------------------------- 6, 000 The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.--The commerce of the river consists mainly of pulp wood, stone, sand and gravel, and miscellaneous merchan- dise. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925_-.- _ ....... -... 144, 820 $420, 012 1928..--------------------- 126,111 $570, 356 .. ___ ...- 1926--.... ___ _. 104, 219 407,009 1929-------------------_ 122, 514 596,940 1927- ... -- _ . 89,597 626,320 Vessels carrying freight on the improved portion of the channel usually load to the maximum draft available. REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 St. Clair River at Port Huron, Mich. Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1---------------------- 532,851 $19,792,334 1928---- ---------------- 914,829 $25, 972, 020 92-------------------- 820,933 22, 486, 249 1629--------------------756,581 2,804, 802 927.--- -..........-....... 941,744 39, 527,537 The above statement of commerce on St. Clair River at Port Huron, Mich., is included in the statement of commerce for St. Clair River. During the years 1925-1928, a line of package freight steamers, op- orating between Duluth and Buffalo, made Port Huron a regular port of call, and carried many valuable commodities for distribution. Since 1928, this traffic has been handled at other distributing ports. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930____------------------------- $120, 547. 23 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 --------------- ___ -- 143, 080. 52 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 263, 627. 75 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930_----- 16. 63 Net total cost to June 30, 1930------------------------ 263, 644. 38 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ---------------__-___-- _ 128.18 Net total expenditures--------------------------------263, 516. 20 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------10, 114. 16 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------. 273, 630. 36 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work........................-------------------------------------------------.................... Cost of maintenance ------------------- $1, 005. 58 $13, 449. 23 $13, 100. 32 $9, 109.50 $6, 210. 57 Total expended..................._.__.... 1, 005.58 13, 449.23 7, 891. 00 14,398.69 6, 069.43 Allotted-----------------------------9,274.51 4, 500.00 22, 000.00 8, 500. 00 7, 300. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 .__ . ---------------- $8, 883.59 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved May 28, 1930----------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for__ __------------------- - 18, 883. 59 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-- --------- __ 2, 700. 00 Net amount to be accounted for ------------------------- 16, 183. 59 Gross amount expended __--______-- -- _____-$6, 073.03 Less receipts from sales_ - -______ ______-____ -_ 3.60 6, 069. 43 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------10, 114. 16 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------- - 128. 18 Balance available June 30, 1930__------------------------ 9, 985. 98 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of -- -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - - - existing project - - - - - - - - - - 26, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance '------- _------------------------- 6,000.00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1607 12. ROUGE RIVER, MICH. Location an description.-The Rouge River rises in Oakland and Washtenaw Counties, Mich., flows in an easterly direction, and empties into the Detroit River at the southerly limits of the city of Detroit. The river is about 30 miles in length. The drainage area is about 450 square miles. The discharge is not known. The river is nontidal and the current sluggish, the fall being practically noth- ing in the improved portion. Average width, 160 feet. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 415.) Original aondition.-At the time of original survey there was a fairly well-defined entrance channel having depths of from 9 to 12 feet. Inside the mouth the depths varied from 10 to 17 feet up to the Wabash Bridge, a distance of about 3 miles. The river was about 300 feet wide at the mouth, narrowing to 175 feet at a distance of 1,200 feet from the mouth. The river was navigable for vessels of light draft to the town of Dearborn, 15 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was authorized by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888, and provided for a channel 16 feet deep and 240 feet wide at the mouth, tapering to 100 feet at a distance of 800 feet from the mouth and continuing 100 feet wide to the Wabash Bridge. (Annual Report for 1887, pp. 2275-2278.) Joint resolution of April 11, 1898, extended the improvement to Maples Road, with a depth of 13 feet and no specified width. (H. Doc. No. 138, 55th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1898, p. 2605.) The river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, provided for a channel 21 feet deep from the mouth to the first bridge. (H. Doc. No. 289, 59th Cong., 1st sess.) The expenditures and costs prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1917 were $50,082.49 for new work and $56,607.51 for maintenance, a total of $106,690. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 21 feet deep from that depth in Detroit River through the " short-cut canal" to Maples Road with width of 400 feet at the entrance, tapering to 200 feet in a distance of 2,000 feet; thence 200 feet wide to Maples Road; and for a channel 22 feet deep from the mouth of the river to the second bridge, a distance of about 1,800 feet, with a width of 240 feet at the mouth, tapering to 100 feet at a distance of 800 feet from the mouth; and a channel 17 feet deep and 100 feet wide from this sec- ond bridge to junction with the 21-foot channel. The length of the improvement from its upper limits to Detroit River via short-cut canal is about 3 miles and via the natural channel is about 4 miles. The project depths are referred to local low-water datum in the Detroit River at the mouth of the Rouge River, which is taken at 572.5 feet above mean tide at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. These depths correspond to depths of 21.2, 20.2, and 16.2 feet on Lake Survey Chart of this locality. The level of this river, except during floods, changes with the level of the Detroit River, which fluctuates to an average extent of about 1.5 feet during the navigation season. The estimate of cost for new work on the 21-foot channel, revised in 1920, was $590,000, exlusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $14,000. 1608 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 11, 1888, provided for the 17-foot section (Annual Report for 1887, pp. 2275-2278); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the 22-foot channel at the mouth of the river (H. Doc. No. 289, 59th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the 21-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 2063, 64th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act of August 8, 1917 (see H. Doc. No. 2063, 64th Cong., 2d sess.), required local interests to assume the cost of all necessary rights of way, alteration of bridges, and inci- dental damages, and to provide a suitable turning basin, free for public use, at the upper end of the improvement. Compliance with these provisions has been completed. The Ford Motor Co. in February, 1923, contributed $20,000 to cover the additional cost of material disposal in connection with the dredging at bridge sites, due to delay in completion of Detroit, Toledo & Ironton Railroad bridge over "Short Cut Canal." The Peerless Portland Cement Co., located along the 17-foot proj- ect, have deepened a portion of this channel to 21 feet at their own expense. Terminal facilities.-There is an iron-ore dock 1,200 feet long near the river's mouth, which is equipped with unloading machinery. The Ford Motor Co. has an ore dock about 2,000 feet long near the head of the river improvement, which is e~uipped with the most improved type of unloaders. These docks have good railroad connections. Along the stretch of river of about 31/2 miles length between these ore docks there are five docks owned by sand and gravel companies which have unloading machinery and two lumber docks which are not so equipped. There are also a number of smaller docks for the use of launches and rowboats. All docks along the river are pri- vately owned and understood to be restricted to use of the owners. These terminal facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The water-borne commerce of this chan- nel consists principally of bulk freight; and the improvement has permitted the use of the largest class of lake vessels. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging by U. S. hopper dredge Burton from August 7, 1929 to November 21, 1929, and U. S. hopper dredge Meade from August 29, 1929 to Oc- tober 24, 1929, resulted in the removal of 497,106 cubic yards, place measure, from the 21-foot project channel. Surveys made after dredging showed that the project dimensions had been restored. No dredging was done in the 17-foot project channel. The costs during the fiscal year were $91,728.43, all for mainte- nance, as follows: Operation of United States dredges------------------------- $90, 239. 11 Surveys and examination of channels--------------------------- 1, 489.32 Total------------------------------------------------ 91,728. 43 The total expenditures were $91,244.26. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1923 at a saving of $28,354 under the estimated cost. The RIVERS AND HARBORS--DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1609 work consisted in dredging and in construction of five dolphins at the mouth of the Short Cut Canal. Both items of work were com- pleted in 1923. Surveys made during April, 1930, show that shoaling is progressive although the 21-foot channel has full depth and width. The turning basin at the upper end has some depths as little as 15 feet and dredg- ing will be required. The 17-foot project has full depth, but not for the full width. At the mouth of the old Rouge River depths are about 20 feet for 500 feet length. All bridges have been altered in accordance with the requirements of law. The turning basin at the head of the improvement has been completed. The head of navigation is determined by a fixed bridge about 2,600 feet above the upper end of the improvement. The costs have amounted to $561,645.86 for new work and $188,- 629.83 for maintenance, a total of $750,275.69. Also contributed funds in amount of $20,000 have been applied to the work. The total expenditures under the existing project have amounted to $750,108.74. Proposed operations.-Unexpended funds at the close of the fiscal year ($59,391.26) will be applied to maintenance work about as follows : Maintenance dredging by United States hopper dredge, including surveys and supervision ------------- $22, 491.26 Maintenance dredging by contract, including surveys and inspection_ 36, 900. 00 Total --------------------------------------------------- 59, 391. 26 Operations will result in the exhaustion of funds by June 30, 1931. Rouge River is used by deep draft ore, coal, stone, and oil carriers. The importance and volume of traffic now using this river require the full maintenance of the project dimensions. The funds that can be profitably expended for maintenance work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 ($12,500), will be applied about as follows: Dredging by contract or United States hopper dredge 000 $--------------- Examination of channel 500 1-------------------- Total------------------------------------------------- 12, 500 Commercial statistics (city of Detroit.)--The commerce via Rouge River consists mainly of gravel and sand, iron ore, steel, petroleum products, coal, stone, pulpwood, and lumber. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925-------------------.... 3,009, 730 $14, 163, 285 1928------------------ 4,595,335 $38, 615, 845 1926 _--- -.... ... 3, 199, 528 10,447,670 1929_---- ---------- 5,912,864 _----_- 39,.854,461 1927 .... .. 3, 368, 887 12, 737, 504 Vessels carrying freight on the improved portion of the channel usually load to the maximum draft available. During 1929 there was an increase in the items of coal, coke, stone, sand and gravel, and oil--the latter being of large unit value. 1610 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The commerce via Detroit River consists mainly of automobiles, manufactured iron, lumber, grain, stone, sand and gravel, and gen- eral merchandise. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925-........4,216,159 $162,050,716 16,549,700 1928-.... 3, 985, 514 $289,814,615 17,558,282 1926 -..... 4, 320, 592 211, 373, 968 18, 600, 930 1929-.... 5, 440, 534 292, 564, 641 18, 890, 114 1927-- -.....4,210,983 246,540, 014 18,221,930 The draft of loaded freight vessels was usually about 18.5 feet. During 1929 there was an increase in the items of coal, coke, stone, cement, sand and gravel, zinc and automobiles the latter two items being of large unit value. Cost and fina/ncial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------$611, 728. 35 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930___------------------------ 245, 237. 34 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_ ------ -856, 965. 69 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930_...... , .... 99. 19 Net total cost to June 30, 1930---------____--------- - 857, 064. 88 M:nus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 266. 14 Net total expenditures_ -___-_________-- ____- 856, 798. 74 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 59, 391. 26 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 916, 190. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cot fne or---------------- ----------------- ------- ------ --------- ---- Cost of new work.... Cost of maintenance.----.--...-----.--_ $9, 189. 46 $1, 527. 40 $22, 243. 34 $27, 602. 83 $91, 728. 43 Total expended.....-----------------------9, 189. 46 1, 527. 40 19, 298. 00 28, 017. 52 91, 244. 26 Allotted_ _ ----------------------------- 7, 500. 00 10, 000. 00 25, 000. 00 90, 000. 00 61, 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ --------------------------- $89, 135.52 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--------------------- $58, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved February 28, 1929____-- _______- - _ 20, 000. 00 -- 78, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for 135. 52 1--------------------------6 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment_____ __---- 16, 500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for----------------------150, 635.52 Gross amount expended-------------------------- 91, 249. 76 Less receipts from sales_____________---- 5. 50 91, 244. 26 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------ 59, 391. 26 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930__----------------------- 266.14 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------59,125.12 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance ----------- 12, 500. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1611 13. MONROE HARBOR, MICH. Location and description.-The harbor is located on the lower reach of the Raisin River, which rises in the western part of Len- awee County, Mich., flows in an easterly direction, and empties into Lake Erie about 18 miles from the city of Toledo, Ohio. Its drain- age area is about 1,050 square miles. The fall in the river and its discharge are unknown. The river is nontidal, and in the improved portion the current is sluggish. Its width varies from 100 to 300 feet and the length of improved portion is about 13,000 feet. The river is about 70 miles long. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 3.) Original condition.-In its natural condition the river flowed into Lake Erie through several ponds and winding creeks, and the depth of water at the deepest mouth did not exceed 5 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 21 feet deep and 300 feet wide in Lake Erie, a distance of about 14,800 feet; thence 21 feet deep and 200 feet wide, with necessary additional width at bends, through the existing canal and in Raisin River, for a distance of about 9,200 feet; thence 9 feet deep and 100 feet wide to the lower wharves at Monroe, a distance of about 3,800 feet. The project also provides for riprapped protecting dikes on each side of the channel, extending lakeward for a distance of about 1,200 feet; for a turning basin with an area of about 22 acres and depth of 18 feet; and for the removal of the two existing piers, and the rock and timber revetments in the existing canal. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York. These depths correspond to depths of 20.2 feet and 8.2 feet, respec- tively, on Lake Survey chart of this locality. The level of the river varies with that of Lake Erie, which fluctuates irregularly from year to year, the greatest annual fluctuation being about 21/4 feet and the least about three-fourths of a foot. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $1,145,600, of which local interests are to contribute $490,500. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $35,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of February 24, 1835, modified by the act of June 10, 1872, provided for a 9-foot channel, protected by revetments and piers (Annual Report for 1872, p. 237); and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the 21-foot channel, dikes, and turning basin (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 22, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The act also provided for maintenance of a depth of 18 feet and a bottom width of 80 feet in the existing channel in Lake Erie and up Raisin River to the vicinity of the existing docks of the Newton Steel Co., pending dredging of channel of the dimensions authorized in the act. The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act of July 3, 1930, requires local inter- ests to contribute one-half of the cost of the work, but not to exceed $500,000, and to furnish, without cost to the United States, per- petual easement in all lands within 200 feet of the center line of the channel, and all land necessary for the turning basin. 1612 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Subsequent to 1845, the city of Monroe improved the river chan- nel by cutting a canal about 1,300 feet long, 100 feet wide, and with a depth of from 13 to 16 feet across a bend of the river. Under War Department permit, the Newton Steel Co., in 1928-29, dredged a channel 18 feet deep, with bottom width of 80 feet, from Lake Erie to their wharf in Raisin River. Terminal facilities.-The Government piers at the entrance to the harbor are used as a landing place for launches, and at the city of Monroe, about 21/2 miles above the entrance, there are some small privately owned docks. It is understood that these docks are open to all vessels upon equal terms. The terminal facilities are ade- quate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong. 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has resulted in a com- paratively straight, safe, and convenient channel for the smaller type commercial boats and pleasure craft. No commercial use of the improvement was made during the past season, navigation being limited entirely to motor boats. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No work was con- sidered necessary. The maintenance costs were $10.60 and the ex- penditures were minus 50 cents. The costs covered inspection of locality. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project, exclusive of work authorized in 1930, has been completed at a cost of $164,639.41. The project, as modified in 1930, is about 16 per cent completed. The work remaining to be done is the deepening and widening of the channel, and the construction of the dikes and turning basin. The controlling depth from the 18-foot curve in Lake Erie to a point 3,000 feet above the outer end of the piers is 18 feet, the dredging to this depth for a width of 80 feet in the lake and 70 feet in the river having been done in 1928-29 by private interests un- der War Department permit. Thence for a distance of 2,000 feet there is a depth of 9 feet as shown by survey of 1929; and thence to Monroe, a distance of 8,000 feet, there is a depth of 6 feet as shown by surveys of 1921 and 1929. The head of navigation is the upper limit of the improvement at Monroe. The revetments and piers already constructed will be destroyed in the process of providing the new channel. The costs have amounted to $164,639.41 for new work and $97,386.46 for maintenance, a total of $262,025.87. The total expenditures have amounted to $262,025.87. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The 18-foot channel, dredged by the Newton Steel Co. in 1928- 1929 under permit, is subject to shoaling due to wave action and the deposit of silt carried down the Raisin River during spring freshets. The maintenance of this channel was authorized by the act of July 3, 1930. The amount that can be profitably expended for this work during the fiscal year 1932 is $20,000. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-This harbor has heretofore been used mainly by motor boats and other small pleasure craft, and no com- merce has been reported since 1918. During 1929 the depth was RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1613 increased to about 18 feet by private dredging under War Depart- ment permit, from the lake to a point about 3,000 feet above the outer end of the piers. Because of this increased depth and the installation of new industries, there was considerable commerce during 1929, consisting mainly of sand and gravel-427,132 tons, valued at $341,797. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------- $164, 689. 41 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ___----________-___- 97,386. 46 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-----------, 262, 025. 87 Net total expenditures ----------------------------- 262, 025. 87 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_ ____.._____--- 262, 025. 87 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .......... Cost of maintenance------------------_---- $53. 69 ------ _ $11.60 -$0. 50 $10. 60 Total expended--------------------------53. 69------------ 11. 60 -. 50 -. 50 Allotted------------_ ------------ $175.00 .....--- .........- -164.40 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__ ___- ------------ $163. 90 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment- -------- - 164.40 Net amount to be accounted for -__--__---. 50 Less receipts from sales---------------------------------------- .50 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ___ ___________________________ 490, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance_ __--------- _ 20,000.00 14. TOLEDO HARBOR, OHIO Location and description.-Toledo Harbor comprises the lower 7 miles of Maumee River and the channel about 9 miles long through Maumee Bay to Lake Erie, and has a width of from 650 to 1,800 feet in the river and of 400 feet in the bay. The Maumee River has its source in northern Indiana, flows generally in a northeasterly direc- tion, and empties into Lake Erie. The river has a length of about 125 miles and a drainage area of about 6,350 square miles. It is a nontidal stream. The fall, velocity of current, and discharge are unknown. The harbor is located at the westerly end of Lake Erie, 99 miles westerly from Cleveland, Ohio. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 3.) Original condition.-The general depth in Maumee Bay was about 10 feet below low-water datum, but frequent shoals with a minimum depth of 6.5 feet rendered navigation difficult. A well-defined chan- nel existed in Maumee River. For about 6 miles above the mouth of the river the minimum depth of this channel was 12 feet, thence upstream to the head of navigation at Perrysburg, Ohio, a farther distance of about 8 miles, the minimum depth was about 4 feet. 1 Local interests are required to contribute an equal amount. 1614 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1980 Previous projects.-These, were adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 23, 1866, June 14, 1880, July 5, 1884, August 5, 1886, July 13, 1892, and August 18, 1894. The total amount expended and the total cost under these projects prior to the adoption of the exist- ing project in 1899 was $1,624,695.45 for new work and maintenance (not separable). For further 'details of previous projects see page 1959 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 400 feet wide and 21 feet deep from deep water in Lake Erie through Maumee Bay and Maumee River to Fassett Street Bridge, a distance of 15 miles; thence 200 feet wide and 19 feet deep for a distance of 1 mile, termi- nating in a turning basin 500 feet wide; and for a stone-revetted earth dike, 1,000 feet long, to form a foundation for range lights in Maumee Bay. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. These depths correspond to depths of 20.2 and 18.2 feet, respectively, on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordinary fluctuations of water level are from 4 feet above to 2 feet below low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by wind and other causes, are from 9 feet above to 6.5 feet below that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $1,375,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1926) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $100,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the section above Fassett Street Bridge (H. Doc. No. 198, 55th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1898, p. 2693) ; and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the section below that bridge (H. Doc. No. 865, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1914, page 3056. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The city of Toledo has expended about $300,000 in dredging and bulkhead construction, which has resulted in providing a lagoon near the mouth of the river suitable for the winter mooring of vessels and in the maintenance of a channel through Swan Creek, which empties into Maumee River within the limits of the Federal project. Local private interests had expended about $546,000 prior to January 1, 1925, for dredging outside of the Government channel. Two large railroad terminals for the handling of ore and three for coal are open to shippers of these commodities. Another coal dock at the mouth of the river will be completed and in use during 1930. One large private ore terminal ships by rail to other companies a small percentage of the ore received. One fuel dock and three docks with elevator facilities for handling grain do a public business. Two pipe-line docks for shipment of oil, 3 lum- ber docks, and 4 fish docks are private. Two package-freight ter- minals are leased by companies operating regular lines of vessels for public use. Considerable wharf frontage is owned by railroads which is available for the transshipment of miscellaneous cargoes, RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1615 such as lumber, etc., to and from cars. Of 10 sand and gravel docks 2 are for public use. Four docks at street ends are owned by the city of Toledo, at which freight may be loaded or unloaded free of charge, no storage allowed. The Toledo Shipbuilding Co. has two large dry docks and facilities for building and repairing the largest lake vessels. There is one other smaller dry dock and shipyard. Terminal facilities are regarded as adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The construction of a straight, safe, and convenient deep-water entrance channel, accommodating the largest class of lake freighters, has resulted in the development of Toledo Harbor into one of the most important of the lower lake terminals for iron ore, coal, and similar coarse freights. A number of package- freight and passenger-boat lines have also been established. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging under contract was in progress from July 25 to November 30, 1929. and from June 13 to 30, 1930. Material was removed in amount of 233,071 cubic yards, place measurement. Surveys were made to deter- mine depths before and after dredging. A field office at Toledo was maintained for supervision of surveys and inspections. The costs of the several items of maintenance work were as follows : Contract dredging---- __-----------$81, 025. 85 Examinations of channel----------- _____---- __-----62.24 Supervision of harbor ---------------------------------------- 34. 45 Total ---- -------------- --------------------- 81, 122. 54 The total expenditures were $63,394.85. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 97 per cent completed, the work remaining to be done being the widen- ing of the channel and the dredging of turning basin above Fassett Street bridge, which work is not considered necessary at the present time. The work done consisted in the excavation of a channel in Maumee Bay and River, completed in 1915, and in the construction of a dike between the range lights in the bay, completed in 1906. Due to the exposed position of the channel through Maumee Bay and a surface layer of soft material bordering on this channel, de- terioration is rapid. Some deposits also occur in the 6 miles of river channel. The amount of material to be removed in order to restore the project dimensions is estimated at about 900,000 cubic yards. The dike between the range lights in Maumee Bay is in poor condi- tion. The controlling depth along the axis of the channel from Lake Erie to Fassett Street bridge is about 21 feet for a least width of about 150 feet. For about five-eighths of a mile about Fassett Street bridge the controlling depth is about 20 feet for a minimum width of about 150 feet. The head of navigation for light-draft boats is about 7 miles above the present upper limit of improvement. The costs have amounted to $1,267,406.91 for new work and main- tenance prior to 1903 (not separable) and to $1,465,129.79 for main- tenance since 1903, a total of $2,732,536.70. The total expenditures were $2,714,895.18. 11714---ENG 1930---102 1616 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, UT. S. ARIfY, 1930 Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended at the close of the fiscal year ($467,675.34) will be applied to maintenance work about as follows: Dredging in Maumee Bay and River Channels, under contract in force ------------------------------------------------ $452, 000. 00 Dredging by United States hopper dredge---------------------- 9, 000.00 Examination of channels----------------------------------- 4, 000. 00 Supervision of harbor ----------------------------- 2, 675. 34 Total --------------------------------------------- 467, 675. 34 Operations as stated will result in exhaustion of funds by June 30, 1931. The Maumee Bay Channel is subject to continual shoaling by the movement of material over the bottom of the shallow bay section by wave action and by the deposit of some silt carried down the Mau- mee River during spring freshets. The annual amount of shoaling is about 400,000 cubic yards. During the past several years, dredging operations have maintained the channel at project depth for widths varying from 300 to 350 feet. As the result of operations under a dredging contract now in force, project depth will be restored for the full width of 400 feet. To provide for the safe navigation of vessels carrying some 18,000,000 tons of freight entering and leav- ing Toledo Harbor annually, full project dimensions should be maintained. The funds that can be profitably expended for maintenance work during the fiscal yeair ending June 30, 1932 ($90,000), will be applied about as follows: Dredging in Maumee Bay and River Channels by contract or by United States hopper dredge------------------------------------$84, 500 Examination of channels_---------- 3, 000 Supervision of harbor-----------------------------------------2, 500 Total--------------------------------------------- 90, 000 Commercial statistics.-During the calendar year 1929, 95 per cent of the total tonnage of the port was coal and iron ore, practically all of which was handled in vessels drawing about 20 feet. All vessels entering Toledo Harbor pass through 9 miles of the 15 miles of improved channel and proceed upstream to the various docks located along the 61/2 miles of river channel to a point one-half mile above the Fassett Street bridge. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925 --..... . 16, 304, 042 $85,108, 760 245, 582 1928_----_ - 18, 539, 995 $93, 725, 297 134, 896 1926_ _-- 16, 479,545 77, 474, 958 107,358 1929------_-_ 19,717,002 111,908, 083 124,625 1927-_-_ 18, 926, 246 90, 644, 553 109, 665 During 1929 there was a decrease in the item of grain and an increase in coal, sand and gravel, iron ore, oil, and automobiles, the latter of large unit value. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1617 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__________________________ $2, 892, 102. 36 ,Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ______ ___________ 1, 465, 129. 79 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930___________ 4, 357, 232. 15 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ---------- 584. 74 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 4, 357, 816. 89 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ------------------ 4, 827. 02 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930_________-------4, 362, 643. 91 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--_________----- --- 23, 053. 28 Net total expenditures__--____-------------------_ ---- 4, 339, 590., 63 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------- ----------------- 467, 675.34 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---- --------- 4, 807, 265. 97 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....-.............. ............. ................. Cost of maintenance...............------------------ $42, 747. 75 $374, 345. 59 $186, 830 33 $65, 00774 $81, 122. 54 Total expended---------------------....................-- 42, 747. 75 374, 345. 59 218,813. 69 64, 263. 19 63, 394. 85 Allotted-----.............--...................---------------------.. 540,000.00 75, 000.00 44, 825. 97 65, 000.00 455, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------- $76, 070.19 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930_______________________ $90, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929_______________________ 365, 000. 00 455, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for--------------------------531, 070.19 -- Gross amount expended _____ ____________-___ 63, 416. 60 Less receipts from sales ------------------------------ 21. 75 63, 394. 85 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 _ _ _ -- _ 467, 675. 34 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930__________________ 23, 053. 28 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts---------- 359, 313. 13 382, 366. 41 Balance available June 30, 1930___________________________ 85, 308. 93 ---------------------------- 4, 827. 02 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930_ Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--------------90, 135. 95 Amount (estimated) required- -to be appropriated for completion 1 - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - of existing project -- __ _ 108, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1-----------------------_-_-__-_ 90, 000. 00 15. PORT CLINTON HARBOR, OHIO Location and description.-Port Clinton Harbor comprises the lower half mile of the Portage River, which empties into Lake Erie at a point 72 miles westerly from Cleveland, Ohio. It is from 200 to 300 feet wide. The Portage River has its source in northern Ohio, flows generally in a northeasterly direction and empties into SExclusive of available funds. 1618 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, .19 30 Lake Erie. It has a length of about 50 miles and a drainage area of about 580 square miles. Its fall and discharge are unknown. The- river is nontidal, and its current near the mouth generally sluggish. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 3.) Original condition.-Natural depths in the Portage River varied from about 10 feet near its mouth to 6 feet at Oak Harbor, the headc of navigation, about 12 miles above the mouth. The width of the channel varied from 50 to 150 feet. Prior to improvement little use was made of the river for navigation purposes, for the reason that its mouth was partially obstructed by a sand bar, over which the depth was variable, but seldom more than 5 feet. The old river mouth was somewhat easterly from the present outlet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for parallel stone and pile jetties at the mouth of the river, the east jetty 2,200 feet long and the west jetty 1,980 feet long, extending to the 10-foot contour in the lake, and for dredging a channel to a depth of 10 feet and 100 feet wide,. widening at the bridge to 200 feet for a length of 800 feet. The length of the channel to be 5,000 feet, extending from 2,100 feet outside the jetties up to the highway bridge. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 9.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordi- nary fluctuations of water level are from 3 feet above to zero; low- water datum and extreme fluctuations produced by wind and other causes are from 6.5 feet above to 3 feet below that plane. The estimate of. cost for new work, revised in 1883, was $90,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872. (See Annual Report for 1875, p. 295.) For latest published map see House Document No. 815, Sixty-first Congress, second session. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 5 private docks and 1 public fish dock, 1 private sand dock, and 1 public fueling dock, which is also used as a private lumber and cargo coal terminal. One dock at the foot of Madison Avenue is owned by the village of Port Clin- ton and is open to the public. One shipyard does some business in the building of small boats and launches. Terminal facilities are regarded as adequate for the needs of existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made it possible for small boats and launches to use this harbor. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was consid- ered necessary. There were no costs during the fiscal year, and no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1893 at a saving of $18,050 under the estimated cost. The work done consisted in the construction of two jetties, completed in 1883, and in dredging a channel from the lake to the highway RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1619 7ridge, completed in 1893. The jetties are in fair condition. The -controlling depth of the channel in the lake is 8.2 feet, as shown by survey of June, 1929. The head of navigation for light-draft boats is about 12 miles above the mouth of the river. The costs have amounted to $71,949.86 for new work and mainte- nance prior to 1894, and to $35,553.60 for maintenance since 1894, a total of $107,503.46. The total expenditures under the existing project have amounted to $107,503.46. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. No work is pro- posed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, and therefore no funds -can be profitably expended. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of this port is compara- tively unimportant. It is the base of a fishing industry, and during 1929 other traffic was mainly lake sand. The limiting draft for vessels is about 10 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers -1925---------- 1926_- 15, 488 4,819 $205, 368 --- 271,537 ---- __- 1928.......... 1929----------.......... 5, 971 3, 020 $239, 445 197, 675 7, 596 5, 719 ---------- 1927_ 5,114 178,380 5,315 During 1929 there was a decrease in sand and fish, the latter of large unit value. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-____________---___---__- $71, 949. 86 ,Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 __________________________-35, 553. 60 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------- 107, 503. 46 ---------- Net total expenditures--_________ 107, 503. 46 "Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__________________ __107, 503. 46 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---....--------......----------......... Cost of maintenance . ---------------------- $19.44 ...--- ----.....--................ .....-- "Total expended_------------------------- 19.44 ------- Allotted.---.------- -----------------.. 16. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928) ; ,collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, -and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine naviga- tion investigations. 1620 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 30 The cost of work during the year amounted to $22,827.97; the ex- penditures were $23,974.39. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930,. will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of' expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The addi- tional sum of $18,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930___ _____________-------$32, 009. 38. Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930-__- .. ___-._ 946. 49 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 32, 955. 87 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ______________- -__ ___-_ 957. 83 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930------------------------33, 913. 70. Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930__,------------------------- 1, 374. 04 Net total expenditures-----__- 32, 539.66 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-- -------------------- _ __ 22, 210. 34 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930______-----__ 54, 750. 00- Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work........ Cost of maintenance---------- ___-__----- --- __ -- _--_----___ -- -- ___ _ - $9, 181. 41 $22,827. 97 Total expended.........--------------------------------------------- 8,565. 27 23, 974. 39 Allotted----------------------------------------------- $500.00 23,000.00 31,250.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929.---------------------------- $14, 934. 73 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------______ $13, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency" act, fiscal year 1930 ------------------------------ ---------- 10, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928 ____________-_- -___- 8, 250. 00 31, 250. 00- Amount to be accounted for----------_______________________ 46,184. 73. Gross amount expended --------------------------- 23,993. 54 Less receipts from sales---------------- -------------- 19. 15 23, 974. 39; Balance unexpended June 30, 1930____________________-22, 210. 34 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 --- __-------------------- 1, 374. 04 Balance available June 30, 1930_-__--------------- --- 20, 836. 30, Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ___________ 957. 83 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930__----------- 21, 794. 13 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance _______----------------------- 18, 000. 00 EXAMINATION AND SURVEY MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JANUARY 21, 1927 Reports dated July 13, 1929, and October 30, 1929, on preliminary examination and survey of Black River, Mich., required by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, were duly submitted by 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT 1621 the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engi- neers for rivers and harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 162, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a settling basin 19 feet deep, 75 feet wide, and 2,300 feet long, extending about 800 feet up, stream from the upper limit of the existing project, at an estimated cost of $26,000. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts approved January 21, 1927, and July 3, 1930, and the flood control act approved February 12, 1929, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: .1. Toledo Harbor, Ohio, with a view to the construction of a breakwater and to securing a depth of 23 feet in the harbor and channel. 2. Auglaize, Blanchard, and Ottawa Rivers, Ohio, and their tribu- taries. 3. St. Marys River, Ohio. 4. St. Marys Falls Canal, Mich., with a view to the enlargement of the Weitzel Lock. 5. Huron River, Mich. 6. Harbor at Mackinac Island, Mich. 7. Tawas River, Mich. 8. Point Lookout, Mich. 9. Calcite Harbor, Mich. 10. Rouge River, Mich. 11. Toledo Harbor, Ohio. 12. Harbor at St. Ignace, Mich. 13. Port Austin Harbor, Mich. 14. Lake St. Clair and Clinton River, Mich. 15. Old Channel of the River Rouge, Mich. 16. Black River, Aloona County, Mich. 17. Au Gres River, Mich. 18. Au Sable River, Mich. 19. Maumee River, from Toledo, Ohio, to Fort Wayne, Indiana. 20. Cheboygan Harbor, Mich. REPORTS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated February 12, 1929, a review of prior reports on Monroe Harbor, Mich., was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee on February 17, 1930, and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 22, Seventy- first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modi- fication of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 21 feet deep from deep water in Lake Erie to a point in Raisin River, 9,200 feet from the outer end of the existing piers, with widths of 300 feet in Lake Erie and 200 feet in the interior channel, for a turning basin 18 feet deep and 22 acres in area, and for dikes extending into the lake on each side of the channel, at a total estimated cost of $981,- 000, with $35,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain con- ditions of local cooperation. 1622 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1 930 By resolution dated February 6, 1930, a review of reports on Sag- inew River, Mich., printed in House Document No. 173, Seventieth Congress, first session, was requested. Report thereon with map, was transmitted to the committee on April 4, 1930, and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 30, Seventy-first Con- gress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 181/ feet deep and 200 feet wide from deep water in Saginaw Bay to the Sixth Street Bridge in Saginaw, Mich., at an estimated cost of $830,000, with $80,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain condi- tions of local cooperation. By resolution dated June 18, 1930, a review of prior reports on Toledo Harbor, Ohio, is requested, and report thereon will be sub- mitted as soon as practicable. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT This district comprises all of the south shore of Lake Erie from and including Sandusky Harbor, Ohio, to Buffalo Harbor, N. Y., the east side of Niagara River, all of the south shore of Lake On- tario eastward from Niagara River, and the St. Lawrence River as far east as the international boundary line. District engineer: Maj. Eugene Reybold, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. Edward H. Schulz, Corps of Engineers, to October 26, 1929; Col. E. M. Markham, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Sandusky Harbor, Ohio_--- 1622 15. Olcott Harbor, N. Y _-..... 1679 2. Huron Harbor, Ohio ------- 1627 16. Rochester (Charlotte) Har- 3. Vermillion Harbor, Ohio.... 1631 bor, N. Y_ __ 1682 4. Lorain Harbor, Ohio.------ 1633 17. Great Sodus Bay Harbor, 5. Cleveland Harbor, Ohio.... 1636 N. Y- 1685 6. Fairport Harbor, Ohio-- -- 1642 18. Little Sodus Bay Harbor, 7. Ashtabula Harbor Ohio.__ 1645 N. Y- 1688 8. Conneaut Harbor, Ohio ____ 1649 19. Oswego Harbor, N. Y.____ 1691 9. Erie Harbor, Pa. ------- 1652 20. Cape Vincent Harbor, N. Y_ 1696 10. Dunkirk Harbor, N.Y.------ 1657 21. St. Lawrence River, between 11. Buffalo Harbor, N. Y_____ . 1660 Ogdensburg, N. Y., and 12. Black Rock Channel and Lake Ontario______ 1699 Tonawanda Harbor, N. Y_ 1668 22. Morristown Harbor, N. Y.__ 1701 13. Operating and care of Black 23. Ogdensburg Harbor, N. Y__ 1703 Rock Canal and Lock and 24. Waddington Harbor, N. Y__ 1706 Ferry Street Bridge, Buf- 25, Examinations, surveys, and falo, N. Y.-------------1674 contingencies (general) __ 1708 14. Niagara River, N. Y ___.. 1676 1. SANDUSKY HARBOR, OHIO Location and description.-Sandusky Harbor is located in the southeasterly portion of Sandusky Bay, a natural harbor, some 221/2 square miles in area, which opens into Lake Erie, and is 55 miles by water westerly from Cleveland, Ohio. It comprises the channel through the outer bar and through the bay, a distance of about 3 RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1623 miles, and along the city front, which is developed for a distance of about 11/2 miles. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 3.) Original condition.-Sandusky Bay was generally about 10 feet deep below low-water datum over its easterly portion, but shoal areas reduced the available depth for vessels approaching the city to a minimum of 7 feet. A sand bar extending from Sand Point on the north to Cedar Point on the south separated the bay from the lake. A mile outside of Cedar Point the depth over this bar was only 8 feet, but off Cedar Point depths as great as 34 feet obtained. At the upper or westerly end of Sandusky Bay the Sandusky River has its outlet. Depths in the bay up to the river mouth were about 8 feet; thence upstream to Fremont, the head of navigation, a distance of about 18 miles, a general depth of 8 feet obtained, although numer- ous shoals reduced the available depth to about 4 feet. Previous projects.-These were adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 11, 1844, June 23, 1866, March 3, 1873, July 5, 1884, August 11, 1888, and August 18, 1894. The total cost and expendi- tures under these projects prior to the adoption of the existing pro- ject in 1899 were $477,149.09 for new work and maintenance (not separable). (For further details of previous projects see p. 1960 of Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for a channel 400 feet wide and 21 feet deep from deep water in Lake Erie through Sandusky Bay, a distance of about 3 miles, to the city water-front docks, thence along the water front, a channel about 11/2 miles in length, 300 feet wide, 22 feet deep, ending in a turning basin 550 feet wide, 22 feet deep; for protecting works consisting of a stone jetty on the easterly side of the channel, extending northeasterly from Cedar Point, a distance of 6,000 feet, with suitable pierhead; a short stone spur at Cedar Point; and for the revetment of the slope adjacent to the channel in the vicinity of the front range light with a brush-and- stone mattress. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. These depths correspond to depths of 20.2 and 21.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordinary fluctuations of water level are from 3 feet above to zero, low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by wind and other causes, are from 6 feet above to 2.5 feet below that plane. * The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $2,088,000 (including $275,000 to be contributed by local interests), exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1928) ap- proved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $25,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the channel-protec- tion works (H. Doc. No. 362, 55th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Re- port for 1898, p. 2708), and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the latest dimensions of the dredged channel and of the east jetty and pierhead (H. Doc. No. 982, 64th Cong., 1st sess.), and the act of January 21, 1927, provided for deepening the dock channel to 22 feet (H. Doc. No. 584, 69th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in the last two documents. Recommended modifications of project.-None. 1624 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, TU. S. ARMY, 1930 Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, required the city of Sandusky or other local interests to contribute $50,000 toward the cost of the new work. The condition was com- plied with on October 22, 1920, and $50,000 deposited in the Treasury. The city has expended approximately $50,000 in addition to the above amount in excavating rock from the channel in front of the city within the limits of the existing project. In 1923 and 1924 the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. removed three rock-shoal areas from the turning basin at the westerly end of the channel to provide full project depth of 20 feet, at a total cost of $23,025.30. The river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, requires local inter- ests to contribute $275,000 to the first cost of deepening the dock channel to 22 feet. This condition has been complied with. Terminal facilities.-The city of Sandusky has expended approxi- mately $110,000 in constructing two municipal wharves, which are leased to private interests to operate a coal terminal thereon, which terminal is open to shippers of coal, and handles about 99 per cent of all the tonnage shipped by water from this harbor, or 90 per cent of the total receipts and shipments. Two other terminals with ware- houses are used by regular vessel lines carrying passengers and mis- eellaneous freight, open to the public. Several fuel docks, privately owned, do a public business. One dock for stone, 1 for stone and sand, 4 for sand, 5 for fish, and 1 for lumber are private. Three pri- vate docks, of which two are on Cedar Point, handle passengers and merchandise in connection with the summer resort in that locality. The city of Sandusky owns docks at two street ends which can ac- commodate small boats, and one dock near the foot of Jackson Street, all open to the public. The facilities are regarded as adequate for the needs of existing commerce. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to provide a direct channel used by all vessels entering or leaving Sandusky Harbor about 14 feet deeper than the indirect natural channel. Improved conditions on the Great Lakes, of which San- dusky Harbor is a part, have resulted in a very great reduction on water rates. The water rate on coal, which comprises about 90 per cent of Sandusky's commerce, has been reduced. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-New work: Dredging and rock excavation to secure project depth in the dock channel was continued during the year. The west dock channel, 4,800 feet long and 300 feet wide, with turning basin at the inner end, has been completed. The east dock channel has been dredged over, but all the projecting bowlders have not been removed; cost, $852,140.77. Maintenance: The U. S. hopper dredge Burton restored the proj- ect depth in the straight and outer bar channels; cost, $21,069.17. The cost for sounding was $333.55. New work, total cost for the year, $852,140.77; maintenance, total cost for the year, $21,402.72. Total cost of new work and maintenance for the year, $873,543.49; total expenditure for the year, $838,594.10, which includes $275,000 cqntributed funds. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 96 per cent com- pleted. A channel of the existing project width, length, and depth RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1625 was completed in the outer bar and straight channels in 1925 and in the west dock channel in 1930. The east jetty from Cedar Point, .5,940 feet long, with a pierhead 60 feet long at its outer end, was completed in 1921. The short spur dike at Cedar Point and the revetment of channel slope near the front range light were com- pleted in 1901. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is deepening the east dock channel to 22 feet. This work will be completed about August, 1930. The protecting works are generally in good condition. The jetty requires repairs where set- tlement has taken place. The controlling depth in the outer bar and straight channel is 21 feet, in the east dock channel 20 feet, and in the west dock channel 22 feet. The east dock channel will have a controlling depth of 22 feet when the deepening is com- pleted about August, 1930. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $2,385,419.30, of which $1,995,155.13 was for new work and $390,264.17 for maintenance. The total ex- penditure was $2,322,849.54. In addition, $325,000 was expended from contributed funds for new work. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as follows: New work: Completion of deepening the dock channel to 22 feet, under existing contract, July, 1930----------------------------$71, 366. 79 -Maintenance: Dredging by hopper dredge Burton _--------------- 21, 000.00 Total ----------------------------- 92, 366. 79 The funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. Maintenance dredging is required annually. The east jetty re- ,quires minor repairs. For these items of maintenance, funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year as follows: Dredging by hopper dredge Burton_ ----------------------------- $23, 000 Repair of stone jetty by contract or Government plant--------------- 14, 000 Total _------------------------------------------------------ 37,000 Commercial statistics.-Receipts consisted of merchandise, fresh :fish, and sand. The shipments consisted of coal, crushed stone, sand, and merchandise. Of the total freight traffic (short tons) in 1929, the percentages were: Bituminous coal, 90 per cent; sand, 4 per cent; crushed stone, 5 per cent; and the remainder miscellaneous. Vessels engaged in the coal trade have a draft of 18 to 20 feet. The remainder of the commerce is in light draft vessels. All commerce of the harbor makes use of the improvement. Comparative statement General vessel traffic Ferry and short haul Total Calendar year Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value Passengers 1925---------------- 6, 714, 652 $26,285,383 19, 604 $9, 564, 340 6, 734, 256 $35, 849, 723 1, 140, 569 1926---------------- 7, 660, 890 27, 777, 938 18, 765 13, 019, 625 7, 679, 655 40, 797, 563 897, 225 1927 --- _ - - 8,576,381 32, 937, 208 5,514 1 883, 956 8,581,895 33, 821, 163 1,333, 903 1928 ---------------- 7, 611, 278 26, 422, 898 6, 219 1 846, 433 7, 617, 497 27, 269, 331 1, 366, 929 1929-- -- _ 10, 097, 513 39, 120, 608 8, 000 1915, 678 10, 105, 513 40, 036, 286 1, 233, 781 1Automobiles, the property of passengers who accompanied them, previously included as freight tonnage in the general ferry traffic, have been excluded. 1626 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U, . ARMY, 1930 The increase in freight traffic for the calendar year 1929 over that: of 1928 is due to increased shipments of coal and stone. Cost and financial summary UNITED STATES FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__- _____ $2, 472, 304. 22: Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 390, 264. 17 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 2, 862, 568. 39 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------- 62, 569. 76, Net total expenditures------------------------------2, 799, 998. 63 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------- ---------- 92, 366. 79> Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 2, 892, 365.42 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 X1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .... ---------------------------- - $260, 392. 66 $577, 140. 77 Cost of maintenance....------------------ $27, 915. 13 $11, 450. 92 $18, 746. 83 25, 603. 47 21, 402. 72 Total cost..---------------------- 27, 915. 13 11, 450. 92 18, 746. 83 285, 996. 13 598, 543.49 Total expended--- . . . ...-----------------.. 27, 915. 13 11,450. 92 -2, 785. 22 257, 734. 34 563, 594. 10 Allotted.....-------------------..--- 17, 000. 00 17, 000. 00 392, 825. 97 280, 000. 00 204, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 $451, 960. 89 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930_-----_____-__--___-_ $19, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930----- -------------------------------- 185, 000. 00 204, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for__ 655, 960. 89, Gross amount expended __ ___ ____ __ 563, 594. 10 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_ -- ___- --- ____-___- 92, 366. 79 i Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 -------- _____- $900. 00 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts- ---------- 91, 335. 78 92, 235. 78 Balance available June 30, 1930_----- - - - - -___ 131. 01 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 __ - _________ - __ - - ______ - 37, 000. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---- ------------- $325, 000. 00 -____ Net total expenditures--- ___ __-- -____ __-_ 325, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__________________ 325, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 i I Cost of new work ......-.. ................. $275, 000. 00, Cost of maintenance.---------------. - .------- ----------- Total expended... ----.................... ---------------------- $50, 000. 00 275, 000. 00 Contributed...............................---------------..... 000. 00 S-------------$275, .----------.... Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-___------- ------- $275, 000. 00, Gross amount expended ----------------------------------- 275, 000. 00, 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1627 CONSOLIDATED COST AND FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR SANDUSKY HARBOR, OHIO Cost of new work to June 30, 1930________________________ $2, 797, 304. 22 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930________________________ 390, 264. 17 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 3, 187, 568. 39 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 -__............ ___- 62, 569. 76 Net total expenditures----------------------------- 3, 124, 998. 63 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 92, 366. 79 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------- 3, 217, 365. 42 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ............ --------------------------........ .......... $260, 392. 66 $852, 140. 77 ,Cost of maintenance----....................... $27, 915. 13 $11, 450.92 $18, 746.83 25, 603. 47 21, 402. 72 Total cost_-------... --... --.. . -. _ 27, 915.13 11, 450. 92 18, 746.83 285, 996.13 873, 543. 49 'Total expended__- ..----..---...-. ---. 27, 915. 13 11, 450. 92 -2, 785. 22 307, 734. 34 838, 594. 10 Allotted or contributed_-----......- -__17, 000.00 17, 000. 00 667, 825.97 280,000. 00 204,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ..----------------- $726, 90.89 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-- ----------- $19, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act fiscal year 1930--------------------------------- -- 185, 000. 00 204, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for- ---------.------ 930,960. 89 Gross amount expended--- ------------------------------ 838, 594.10 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-- ------ ___-___--- -- 92, 366. 79 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_ --------------- 900. 00 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts___---------- 91, 335. 78 92,235.78 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------------- 131. 01 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 for niaintenance - - ----- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - 37,000.00 2. HURON HARBOR, OHIO Location and description.-Huron Harbor is located at the mouth of Huron River, which flows into Lake Erie, 47 miles by water west- erly from Cleveland, Ohio. It comprises the lower mile of Huron River, from 150 to 300 feet wide; an outer harbor somewhat triangu- lar in shape, 14 acres in area, about 1,000 feet long and from 300 to 900 feet wide, and a channel of approach from deep water to the entrance between the pierheads, about 2,000 feet long and 300 feet wide. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 3.) Original condition.-Natural depths in Huron River were about 18 feet below low-water datum for about 1 mile above its mouth; thence to Milan, the head of navigation, 10 miles above the mouth, there was an available depth of about 8 feet. The channel had a general width of about 100 feet. The mouth of the river was, how- Exclusive of available funds. 1628 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 ever, closed by a sand bar, which prevented entrance during the greater part of the time. Previous projects.-These were adopted by the river and harbor- acts of May 20, 1826, and September 19, 1890. The total cost and expenditures thereunder prior to the adoption of the existing project. in 1905 was $269,789.07. For further details of previous projects see page 1961 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a timber crib pier on the west side of the entrance channel 1,970 feet long and for a rubble-mound jetty on the east side 1,750 feet long with an entrance 300 feet wide between pierheads; for the removal of the old east pier; for widening the river from the lower slip of the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad to its mouth to a least width of 200 feet; for constructing a new spur pier on the east side of the widened channel; for dredging a channel of approach 300 feet wide and 19 feet deep; and for dredging the area of about 14 acres sheltered by the west pier and east jetty to a depth of 19 feet. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level .at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 18.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordi- nary fluctuations of water-level are from 3 feet above to zero, low- water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by wind and other causes, are from 5.5 feet above to 2.5 feet below that plane. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1928, is $325,000, ex- clusive of amount expended on previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $9,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of March 3, 1905, provided for the west pier, east jetty, channel of approach, and dredging the sheltered area (H. Doc. No. 122, 58th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 2. 1919, pro- vided for the removal of the old east pier, construction of new spur pier, and the river widening and enlargement of the sheltered area (H. Doc. No. 5, 63d Cong., 1st sess.) Recommended modifications of project.-It is recommended that the project be modified by eliminating the proposed spur dike. (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, required that land necessary for the river widening be donated and the necessary bulkhead constructed free of cost to the United States. Fully complied with by the Wheeling & .Lake Erie Railroad Co., easement to the United States for the required land having been conveyed by instrument executed December 9, 1919. Terminal facilities.-The Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad Co. has deepened and maintained the channel above the limits of the Federal improvement. This company has a dock with a frontage of over 1 mile, which affords facilities for handling iron ore, coal, sand, and limestone, together with dock space for lumber, etc. This terminal does practically all of the business of the harbor, is equipped with suitable mechanical appliances, and is open to shippers of the com- modities which can be handled. Two fish docks are private. The village of Huron owns a dock at the foot of South Street which can accommodate small boats and is open to the public. The facilities are regarded as adequate for the needs of existing commerce. (For RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1629 a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made commercial development possible, as in its natural condition the harbor was en- tirely unsuited to the needs of navigation. The principal commerce of the harbor is the transshipment of iron ore and coal, the water rates on which have been greatly reduced by improved conditions on the Great Lakes (of which the improvement of Huron Harbor is a part). Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The U. S. hopper dredge Burton restored the project depth in the entrance channel. Cost $4,837.96. The U. S. derrick boat Erie repaired the existing rubble mound protection to the shore end of west pier and extended protection work landward about 110 feet. Cost $5,032.37. The cost for sounding was $205.26. The total cost for maintenance for the year was $10,075.59 and the expenditure $9,988.65. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 71 per cent com- pleted. Dredging for enlargement of the sheltered area and the con- struction of new spur pier on the east side of the widened channel remains to be done to complete the project. The easterly rubble- mound jetty and the west pier were completed in 1908, except the extension of west pier to shore, in order to close the breach provided for in the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, which was done as a necessary maintenance measure in 1914 subsequent to submitting the recommendation to Congress. Dredging, except the enlarge- ment of the sheltered area, was completed in 1920. The old east pier was removed in 1919. The superstructure on 1,190 feet of the west pier was renewed with concrete in 1925. The outer concrete section of west pier and the west pierhead showed considerable settlement, which was checked in 1915 by repairs then made, and the pierhead further protected by riprap placed in 1922. The harbor works are generally in good condition. The east jetty requires some repairs. The protection to the shore end of west pier was repaired and ex- tended in 1929. The sheltered area has not been maintained and has shoaled to from 6 to 10 feet, except in the channel. The controlling depth in the channel is 19 feet, low-water datum. The total cost of existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $495,112.66, of which $232,659.08 was for new work and $262,453.58 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $495,025.72. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied to maintenance dredging by hopper dredge Burton during May 1931. Redredging is required annually. The rubble mound east jetty requires some repairs. For these items of maintenance, funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 as follows: Dredging by hopper dredge Burton--------------------------- $10, 000 Repair of rubble-mound jetty by contract or Government plant -------- 15, 500 Total-------------------------- ------------------ 25,500 The amount required for maintenance exceeds the average amount expended annually for maintenance during the last five years. The increased amount is needed for the repair of rubble-mound jetty. 160 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.--The principal commerce of the port is the transshipment of bituminous coal and iron ore. Vessels engaged in this trade have a draft of 17 to 21 feet and make use of the im- proved channel. Other traffic is the receipt of flux, stone, fish, and sand. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925-.------------------1,912,409 $7, 612, 857 1923..------------------ 1, 901,333 $7, 312,157 1926-1----------------- 1, 971, 448 7; 746, 743 1929 .........- --. 2, 098, 880 8, 638; 674 1927--------- , 679, 616 6, 218, 274 The increase in freight traffic, both short tons and value, for the calendar year 1929 over that of 1928, is due to the increased receipts of iron ore. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-..--.--- _-_- .------- $502, 448.15 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 262, 453. 58 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 764, 901. 73 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 -- -------------- 86. 94 Net total expenditures--------------- --- - - - 764, 814. 79 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------- -------- 10, 158. 92 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930________ __ 774, 973. 71 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work- - - - - - - --...-- - ----- Cost of maintenance------------------- $61, 281.25 $2, 598.80 $11,886.05 $17,102.97 $10,075. 59 Total expended .......---------------------- 61, 281.25 2, 598. 80 16, 351.35 16,191.05 9,988.65 Allotted....---------------------------- 15,500.00 5,500.00 5,000.00 17,700.00 13,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ---------------------------- $7, 147. 57 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930__-----------------------------$7, 000 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930___ 6, 000 13, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for___________ ___20, 147. 57 Gross amount expended______--____ __-________ _ 9, 988. 65 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_ .. ___--------- __- 10,158. 92 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - - 92, 300. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- 30, 1932, for maintenance 1--- 25, 500. 00 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1631 3. VERMILION HARBOR, OHIO Location and description.-Vermilion Harbor is located at the mouth of Vermilion River, which empties into Lake Erie at a point 37 miles by water westerly from Cleveland, Ohio. It comprises the lower 3,000 feet of Vermilion River, which is about 125 feet wide, and a channel of approach from the lake about 500 feet long and 100 feet wide. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 3.) Original condition.-Only the lower reach of the river, about 1 mile in length, had sufficient natural depth to accommodate even small craft. For about 3,000 feet above its mouth the river channel was about 75 feet wide and from 6 to 10 feet deep below low-water datum, but the mouth itself was obstructed by a sand bar, over which the usual depth was about 2 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for two parallel piers, 125 feet apart, with an aggregate length of 2,200 feet, extending from the shore at the mouth of the river to a natural depth of 10 feet in the lake, and dredging a channel 100 feet wide and 12 feet deep below low-water datum between the piers and beyond them to deep water in the lake. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 11.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordi- nary fluctuations of water level are from 3 feet above to zero, low- water datum, and extreme fluctuations produced by wind or other causes are from 5 feet above to 2 feet below that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1903, was $127,692. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of July 4, 1836, made the original authorization of work (no printed report); the act of March 3, 1875, authorized the 12-foot depth (Annual Report for 1874, p. 219); and the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the thorough repair of the piers (H. Doc. No. 252, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). For the latest published map see page 2128, Annual Report for 1909. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-A small amount was expended by the village of Vermilion and local interests during the fiscal year 1915 for wid- ening and deepening the river above the limits of the Federal proj- ect. There are three private fish docks in use and one private lumber dock not utilized at the present time. Fish is the only com- Inodity handled by water at the harbor. The village of Vermilion owns docks at two street ends which can accommodate small boats and are open to the public. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Terminal facil- ities are regarded as adequate for the needs of existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made possible the limited use of Vermilion Harbor, as in its natural condition it was entirely unsuited to the needs of navigation. The improvement has 11714---ENG 1930----103 1632 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 had no effect on water rates, as it does not provide facilities for the larger type of vessels, which handle the greater part of the commerce on the Great Lakes. Vermilion is primarily a. fishing harbor, and the facilities are sufficent for the conduct of this business. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The U. S. derrick boat Erie repaired about 75 linear feet of the west pier and made minor repairs to east pier, cost $7,029.92. Total cost and expendi- ture for maintenance for the year was $7,029.92. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1878. The harbor works are generally in fair condition. Dredging in the channel is required. The controlling depth is 91/2 feet at low-water datum in the entrance channel and between the piers. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $184,287.19, of which $133,277.55 was for new work and $51,009.64 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $184,287.19. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel between piers and extending to deep water in the lake has shoaled so that the controlling depth is only about 9 /2 feet. The channel should be restored to project depth. To provide for this work, funds in the amount of $14,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-The entire tonnage of the harbor was fish. Fish tugs draw from 21/2 to 8 feet and make use of the improvement. Comparative statement By lake vessel f By lake vessel Calendar year Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1925 --------------------- 773 $71,250 1928---------------------- 507 $76,050 1926--------- ------------ 513 76, 950 1929---------------------- 832 124, 500 1927- ------------------- 496 89,280 The increase in freight-traffic short tons for calendar year 1929 over that of 1928 is due to increased receipts of fish. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_________________________ $133, 277. 55 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 51, 009. 64 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 184, 287. 19 Net total expenditures ------------------------------------ 184, 287. 19 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930____------ -- _____- 184, 287. 19 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------------- Cost of maintenance-------------------- -- $5.33 $346.81 $348. 41 $557. 18 $7,029.92 Total expended---------------------------- 5.33 346.81 -15.34 1,050.51 7,029.92 Allotted--- ----------------------....... 500.00- -- 5,000.00 2, 500.00 r! I RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1633 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ $4, 529.92 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 23, 1928---- ------------------------------------ 2, 500.00 Amount to be accounted for _____ -_______-______- -7, 029. 92 Gross amount expended-------------- 7,029. 92 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance -- - - -__ __-14, 500. 00 4. LORAIN HARBOR, OHIO Location and description.-LorainHarbor is located at the mouth of Black River, which flows into Lake Erie 28 miles by water west- erly from Cleveland, Ohio. It comprises an outer harbor formed by breakwaters, which is some 60 acres in area, about 1,900 feet long, with an average width of 1,450 feet, and the lower 3 miles of Black River, which is from 160 to 350 feet wide. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 3.) Original condition.--A natural channel about 100 feet wide and 8 to 13 feet deep below low-water datum extended from the mouth of the river upstream for about 3 miles to the head of navigation. The mouth of the river was, however, obstructed by a sand bar, over which the depth was usually about 3 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of May 23, 1828. The total cost and expenditures thereunder prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1899 were $292,202.88 for new work and maintenance (not separable). For further details of previous project see page 1961 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an outer harbor about 60 acres in area formed by converging rubble-mound breakwaters with an aggregate length of 6,350 feet and having an entrance 500 feet wide between pierheads of timber cribs with concrete superstructure located at the outer ends of the breakwaters; for parallel piers of timber cribs with concrete superstructure at the mouth of the river 300 feet apart and having an aggregate length of 2,765 feet; and for dredging the outer harbor and channel 250 feet wide and 20 feet, deep, with suitable widening at the bend, between the piers and upstream to the American Shipbuilding Co.'s Dry Dock No. 2, a length of about 4,200 feet. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean-tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 19.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordi- nary fluctuations of water level are from 3 feet above to low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by wind and other causes, are from 5 feet above to 2 feet below that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930; is $1,023,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the present dimensions of the entrance piers (H. Doc. No. 131, 55th Cong., 2d 1634 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 sess., and Annual Report for 1898, p. 2718) ; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for widening Black River from the inner end of the easterly Government pier to Erie Avenue Bridge (no printed report); and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the present dimensions of the breakwater (H. Doc. No. 980, 64th Cong., 1st sess.), and for deepen. ing the outer harbor and channel between piers to the Erie Avenue Bridge (H. Doc. No. 985, 64th Cong., 1st sess.), and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for extending the 20-foot channel to the American Shipbuilding Co.'s Dry Dock No. 2 (H. Doc. No. 587, 69th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 254, Sixty-sixth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, required the city of Lorain to contribute $3,000 toward the cost of the extension of west breakwater to shore. Fully complied with May 9, 1919. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, requires local interests to furnish without cost to the United States all land necessary for widening the river at the bend above the Erie Avenue bridge. This condition has not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-The city of Lorain has obtained and main- tained a channel in Black River above the Erie Avenue bridge to the plant of the National Tube Co. located about 3 miles above the mouth of the river, with winding basin at the upper end, and has constructed a public dock. The channel is 120 to 200 feet wide and 20 feet deep at low-water datum. One iron ore and one coal terminal are owned by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co., together with dock space for transshipment of lumber, etc., to or from cars, which are open to the public. Extensive docks of the National Tube Co. handle iron ore, limestone, and sand, and are not open to the public. One dock for lumber and two fish docks are privately owned. The American Shipbuilding Co. has dry docks and facilities for building and repairing the largest lake vessels. The city of Lorain owns a public dock, without rail connection, which is open to the general public for local business. Terminal facilities at Lorain Harbor are regarded as adequate for the needs of existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement of Lorain Harbor has made its commercial development possible, as in its natural condition it was entirely unsuited to the requirements of navigation. Water rates on the principal commodities-iron ore and coal--have been greatly reduced by improved conditions on the Great Lakes, of which the improvement of Lorain Harbor is a part. Water transportation enjoys an almost complete monopoly in the movement of bulky com- modities, which comprise about 99 per cent of the commerce of Lorain Harbor. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Soundings were taken in the entrance channel. Total cost of maintenance for the year was $934.48 and the expenditure $5,624.58. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO N. Y., DISTRICT 1635 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 88 per cent com- pleted. The work remaining to be done is to deepen the protected area in the outer harbor on both sides of the entrance channel to 20 feet and widen and deepen to 20 feet, at low-water datum, the chan- nel between the Erie Avenue bridge and the American Shipbuilding Co.'s Dry Dock No. 2. The river entrance has been improved by the construction of parallel piers and dredging up to the Erie Avenue bridge, providing a channel 20 feet deep at low-water datum and 250 feet wide. An outer harbor about 60 acres in area has been provided by constructing breakwaters and by dredging to a depth of 19 feet outside of the entrance channel and 20 feet in that channel. The piers were completed in 1908; the breakwaters, including pierheads, in 1915, except extension of west breakwater to shore, which was completed in 1921. Dredging was completed in 1919. At the end of the fiscal year the harbor works were gen- erally in good condition. Minor repairs to rubble mound break- water are necessary. The controlling depth in entrance channel up to the Erie Avenue bridge is 20 feet at low-water datum. The outer harbor has not been maintained. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $1,061,351.30, of which $897,062.29 was for new work and $164,- 289.01 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $1,060,841.74. In addition $3,000 was expended from contributed funds for new work. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied to maintenance as follows: Dredging by hopper dredge Burton in July, 1930, and June, 1931 $9, 210.15 - Repair of rubble mound breakwater by contract or Government plant, JuyAgut 1930 July-August, 90--------------------------------___--- __ 9, 000. 00 9,000.00 Total_ --------------------------------------------- 18, 210.15 The funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. Widening the river above Erie Avenue bridge, authorized by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, is desirable to afford easy and safe navigation at this place. Maintenance dredging is required annually. For the above work, funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 as follows: New work : Dredging a channel 20 feet deep and 250 feet wide from the Erie Avenue bridge to the American Shipbuilding Co.'s Dry Dock No. 2 by contract; 140,000 cubic yards, place measure, overlying ma- terial at 40 cents; removing 1,200 old piles at $3 each; engineer- ing and contingencies, $6,400_____-------------------------- $66, 000 Maintenance: Dredging by hopper dredge Burton 7-------------------- 000 Total------ --------------------------------------- 73, 000 Commercial statistics.-Iron ore and bituminous coal comprise about 88 per cent of the total freight traffic (short tons) of the har- bor and practically all vessels engaged in the commerce have a draft of 16 to 20 feet. Other traffic is limestone, sand, steel skelp, and fish. All commerce makes use of the improvement. 1636 REPORT OF CHIEF OF -ENGINEERS,U--S. ARMY, 19 30 Comparative statement (Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925_------------------. . 6,839, 730 $26, 836, 864 1928 ------------------- 6, 793, 306 $26, 023, 532 1926 -.-.--.-.-. __ 6, 910, 857 26, 592, 802 1929--- --------------- 7, 341, 889 29, 695, 524 1927 ------------------ 7,444, 732 28,649,047 The increase in freight traffic, both short tons and value, for the calendar year 1929 over that of 1928, is due to the increase in re- ceipts of iron ore and shipments of coal. Cost and finanoal summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930________- -___--___--- $1,189, 265. 17 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 164, 289. 01 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ----------- 1, 353, 554. 18 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930- ------------------------ 509. 56 Net total expenditures- -- ----------------------- 1, 353, 044. 62 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 --------------------------- 18, 210. 15 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------- 1, 371, 254. 77 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ..... Cost of maintenance ------------------- $4, 871. 54 $2,633.35 $28, 171, 65 $7, 687. 22 $934. 48 Total expended_-----........-..---.- - 4, 871. 54 2, 633. 35 29, 467. 20 4, 125. 25 5, 624. 58 Allotted -..................................10, 000. 00 5,000.00 5,000.00 10,600. 00 16, 800. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----------------------------- $7, 034. 73 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28,1930------- ---------------------------------- 16, 800. 00 Amount to be accounted for---- ------ Gross amount expended ______-------5, - __---23, 834. 73 624. 58 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 18, 210. 15 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of -- - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - existing project 126, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 66, 000. 00 1 For maintenance _______ ___________ ____ _ 7, 000. 00 - -- - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - - Total ___ 73, 000. 00 5. CLEVELAND HARBOR, OHIO Location and description.-ClevelandHarbor is on the south shore of Lake Erie at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, 96 miles by water easterly from Toledo, Ohio, which is at the westerly end of the lake, and 176 miles by water southwesterly from Buffalo, N. Y., which is at the easterly end of the lake. The harbor comprises the lower 51/2 xExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO N. Y.9 DISTRICT 1637 miles of Cuyahoga River, which is from 150 to 325 feet wide; the " Old River," which is about 1 mile long and from 175 to 200 feet wide; and an outer harbor, formed by breakwaters, which is about 5 miles long and from 1,600 to 3,800 feet wide. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 3.) Original condition.-No natural harbor existed. The river near its mouth was about 15 feet deep at ordinary stage, but was ob- structed by a sand bar over which a depth of about 3 feet only was available. The old mouth was about 700 feet west of the present outlet. Little use was made of the river for purposes of navigation. Previous projects.-These were adopted by acts of March 3, 1825, June 23, 1866, March 3, 1875, August 5, 1886, and August 11, 1888. The total cost and expenditures thereunder prior to beginning ex- penditures under the existing project in 1897 were $1,564,153.56 for new work and maintenance (not separable). For further details of previous projects see page 1962 of Annual Report for 1915. Eisting project.-This provides for the formation of an outer harbor 5 miles long and 1,600 to 2,000 feet wide, 19 feet deep, with provisional dredging to 23 feet, and constructing two breakwaters, the east one to be 21,270 feet long, with pierhead at easterly end, of which 3,300 feet is of timber crib substructure with stone superstruc- ture and 17,970 feet of rubble mound construction; and the west one, which is connected with the shore, to be 7,130 feet long, comprising 5,997 feet of timber cribs with concrete superstructure, a " gap " of 201 feet, and 932 feet of pile and timber crib construction; a main entrance 700 feet wide between converging rubble mound break- waters extending 1,250 feet lakeward from and between the main breakwaters; two parrallel stone-filled timber crib piers with concrebe superstructure, 325 feet apart, at the mouth of Cuyahoga River; the east pier to be 1,602 feet long and the west pier 1,440 feet long; a channel between them 19 feet deep, provisional dredging to 23 feet, and 2,000 feet long measured from the outer end of the piers; straightening and improving 41/2 miles of Cuyahoga River in co- operation with the city of Cleveland, at a cost to the United States not to exceed $400,000; and a stone-filled wooden-pile wharf with :concrete superstructure, and a reinforced concrete storehouse at the foot of East Ninth Street in the outer harbor. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. These depths correspond to depths of 18.2 and 22.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordinary fluctuations of water level are from 3 feet above to zero, low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations produced by wind and other causes are from 4.5 feet above to 1 foot below that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1926, to include $400,000 for the straightening of Cuyahoga River, is $5,724,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects; inclusive of provisional dredging to 23 feet, $5,862,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $40,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1875, provided for the west break- water (Annual Report for 1876, p. 558); the act of August 5, 1886, provided for a part of the east breakwater (Annual Report for 1886, 1638 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 p. 1865); the act of June 3, 1896, provided for rebuilding the piers and completing the east breakwater (H. Doc. No. 326, 54th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1896, p. 2949); the act of March 3, 1899, as modified by the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the chan- nel between the piers and the east and west outer harbor basins 19 feet deep and provisional dredging to 23 feet depth (H. Doc. No. 156, 55th Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1899, pp. 3075 and 3078); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the main harbor en- trance and east breakwater extension (H. Doc. No. 118, 56th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the wharf and store- house (H. Doc. No. 270, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for closing a gap in the east breakwater (report not printed); the act of July 27, 1916, provided for the pierhead at the easterly end of the east breakwater (H. Doc. No. 891, 63d Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the improvement of Cuyahoga River (H. Doc. No. 707, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). For the latest published map of Cleveland Harbor see page 3278 of Annual Report for 1915. Recommended modifcations of project. None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, appropriated $5,000 to enable the United States to cooperate with the city of Cleveland in the preparation of final plans for the improve- ment of the Cuyahoga River, with the provision that the Govern- ment's share in the cost of the improvement, in accordance with the final plans adopted shall not exceed $400,000. Final plans have not been adopted. The project for widening the river above the New York Central Railroad bridge, adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896 (H. Doc. No. 326, 54th Cong., 1st sess.), requires that the city of Cleveland secure and turn over to the Government satisfactory title to the land required for the purpose.. Such requirement may be effected under the above-mentioned final plans. A part of the east pier is maintained by the Cleveland & Pitts- burgh Railroad Co., under articles of agreement with the Secretary of War dated February 17, 1877. Outside of the project the improvement and maintenance of the inner harbor, consisting of about 61/ miles of the Cuyahoga River and Old River, have been assumed by the city of Cleveland. There has been expended to December 31, 1929, about $4,719,131. The river width is in general 200 feet, and a depth of about 20 feet below low- water datum is maintained by the city to within about 40 feet of the dock lines. A large but indeterminate sum has been expended by private interests in dredging outside of the channel maintained by the city. Terminal facilities.-Outer harbor: The city of Cleveland owns two wharves at the foot of East Ninth Street, one of which is leased to two steamship companies and the other is a public wharf. The Pennsylvania Railroad Co. operates an extensive ore terminal west of the river entrance. East of the river there are three slips pro- viding wharves for two coal-loading machines and for passenger and packet freight business and one wharf used for shipping automobiles, all of which are privately owned and are open to shippers of com- modities for which the facilities are suited. One lumber wharf, one RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, 1 . Y., DISTRICT 1639 for builders' supplies, one for general merchandise, and the United States Engineer Department wharf are private. Inner harbor: The Cuyahoga River, together with the Old River and connecting slips, provide approximately 13 miles of wharves, about 50 per cent of which are used. One railroad company main- tains a coal terminal and one has an ore terminal. Three railroads have wharves for the transshipment of packet and miscellaneous freight. These facilities are open to all shippers. Four companies operating blast furnaces have private terminals for ore and lime- stone. One dock is equipped with a grain elevator, which is not open to the public. There are extensive lumber wharves, and con- siderable quantities of sand, gravel, crushed stone, and fish are han- dled over river docks by their private owners. The city of Cleveland owns public docks at several street ends. The facilities are consid- ered adequate for the needs of existing commerce of Cleveland Harbor. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made the develop- ment of Cleveland Harbor possible, as in its natural condition it was entirely unsuited to the needs of navigation. Although not primarily intended for the purpose, Cleveland Harbor is extensively used as a harbor of refuge. Improved conditions on the Great Lakes, of which Cleveland Harbor is a part, have resulted in a very great reduction in water rates. Water rates on the bulk commodities-iron ore and coal, which comprise about 85 per cent of Cleveland's commerce- have been reduced. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The U. S. hopper dredges Burton and Willets Point restored the project depth in the entrance channel and the used area of the west basin. Cost, $45,640.38. The U. S. derrick boat Erie made repairs to the rubble- mound east breakwater and removed the old fender from the west breakwater. Cost, $14,092.58. Cost of sounding and harbor supervision was $4,350.62 and cost of preliminary work in connection with reinforcing west break- water was $57.79. The total cost of maintenance for the year was $64,141.37 and the expenditure $43,392.86. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project, as far as definitely authorized by Congress, is 91 per cent completed. The river en- trance channel has been improved by the construction of parallel piers 325 feet apart and dredging to a depth of 23 feet at low-water datum up to the New York Central Railroad bridge. The piers were completed in 1900 and the dredging in 1909. Above the New York Central Railroad bridge the work of widening the river has been delayed through inability on the part of the city of Cleveland to secure satisfactory title to the required land. An outer harbor, about 1,300 acres in extent, has been formed by the construction of an aggregate length of about 28,000 feet of breakwater, completed in 1915. The main entrance has been widened to 700 feet and protected by converging arms extending lakeward from the east and west breakwaters, completed in 1908. The outer harbor was deepened, 1905-1909, to 23 feet at low-water datum throughout the west basin, in the entrance channel, and over a portion of the east basin adja- cent to the entrance channel. Over the remaining portion of the 1640 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 east basin, as far east as East Ninth Street, a depth of 21 feet at low- water datum has generally been secured. A wharf was built at the foot of East Ninth Street in 1910 and a storehouse in 1915. A con- crete base for light tower was constructed at east end of east break- water in 1917 in lieu of the east-end pierhead. Piers and breakwaters were generally in good condition at the end of the fiscal year except for minor repairs to the breakwaters. :A part of the west breakwater requires reinforcing with stone along the lake side. This will be done in 1930. The superstructure of the East Ninth Street Wharf has been replaced with concrete. All work provided for by the project has been completed except deepening a portion of the east basin and, cooperatively, widening the mouth of the river, extending west pier 300 feet upstream, and straightening and improving the channel of Cuyahoga River. At the end of the fiscal year the controlling depth in the main entrance channel was 21 feet and in the principal channels in the west and east basins, 20 feet at low-water datum. Depths elsewhere range from 10 to 25 feet. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $6,782,480.10, of which $5,169,814.43 was for new work and $1,612,665.67 for maintenance. Total expenditure was $6,964,331.95. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied to maintenance as follows: Dredging by hopper dredges Burton and Willets Point, 143 days, October-December, 1930, and March-April, 1931------- ------- $89, 546.18 Repair and reinforcement of breakwaters, by contract or Govern- ment plant, July-December, 1930-------------------------- 115,000. 00 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----- ------------------- 2, 391. 90 Total------------- ------------------------------- 206, 938. 08 The funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. Redredging is required annually. The breakwaters require some repairs. For these items of maintenance funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 as follows: Dredging by hopper dredges Burton and Willets Point-- .---------- $85, 000 Repair of breakwaters, by contract or Government plant----------- 10, 000 Total---------------------------------------------------- 95, 000 The amount required for maintenance exceeds the average amount expended annually for maintenance during the last five years. The increased amount is needed for additional maintenance dredging and repairs to breakwaters. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The principal commeirce was iron ore, bituminous coal, limestone, automobiles, wheat, sulphur, textiles, manufactured steel, and miscellaneous merchandise. Vessels engaged in bulk freight have a draft of 18 to 21 feet. The remainder of the commerce of the port is handled by lighter- draft vessels. All commerce makes use of some portion of the improvement. RIVERS AND HARBORS--BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1641 Comparative statement By lake By lake Calendar Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers year Short tons Value Passengera 1925----....... 12, 092, 330 $194, 977, 063 543, 816 13,457,218 1928-........ $210, 543,935 450, 988: 1926--------........12, 986, 469 204, 535, 363 641, 769 _ 16, 858, 712 1929-...... 242, 771, 085 450, 731 1927-........ 12,168, 763 188, 546, 761 470, 418 The increase in freight traffic, both short tons and value, for the calendar year 1929 over that of 1928, is due principally to the in- creased receipts of iron ore and automobiles and shipments of coal and rolled steel. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------- $6, 733, 967. 99 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930- 612, 665. 67 1----------------------1, Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 8, 346, 633. 66 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930----------- 186, 502. 23 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-....-------------- - 8, 533, 135. 89 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 -------------------- 6, 085. 57 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930- ------------------- 8, 539, 221.46 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930---- -------------- 10, 735. 95 Net total expenditures---------------------------- 8, 528, 485. 51 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930___---------- -------- ___ 206, 938. 08 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930___________- 8, 735, 423. 59 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work Cost of maintenance------ __------------$170, 063. 12 $92,196.30 $106,194.45 $61, 015. 14 $64, 141. 37 Total expended-- 170, 063.12 .---------------------- 92,196. 30 212, 933. 75 51, 650. 06 43, 392. 86 Allotted----------------- ------------ 38, 500. 00 86,000. 00 230, 656. 99 75, 200. 00 167, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $83, 330. 94 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930______--- - __-___-_ $67, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930 ---------------------------------------- 100, 000. 00 167, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_--------------------------250, 330. 94 Gross amount expended_--- ------------------- _ 43,392. 86 _ Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------- 206, 938. 08 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 .-------- ____- 2, 391.90 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts---------- 23, 343. 58 25, 735. 48 Balance available June 30, 1930_-----------------------__ 181, 202. 60 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930__ ----------------------___ 6, 085. 57 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930__. _________ 187,288. 17 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1_ ----------- -- _ 692, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance -------------------------------- 95, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1642 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 6. FAIRPORT HARBOR, OHIO Location and description.-Fairport Harbor is located at the mouth of the Grand River, which empties into Lake Erie 33 miles by water easterly from Cleveland, Ohio. It comprises an outer harbor some 120 acres in area, 3,000 feet long, with an average width of 1,750 feet, and the lower mile of Grand River, which is from 180 to 300 feet wide. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 3.) Original condition.-The natural channel in Grand River extended about 2 miles above its mouth. It was 75 feet wide and 6 to 8 feet deep at low-water datum. The mouth of the river was, however, entirely closed by a sand bar during the greater part of each year. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1825, and modified by the river and harbor act of May 20, 1826. The total cost and expenditures thereunder prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1896 were $368,940.09 for new work and maintenance (not separable). For further details of this project see page 1963 of Annual Report for 1915. E istng project.-This provides for the construction of two break- waters to form an outer harbor about 120 acres in area, the west breakwater to be 3,378 feet long and connected with the shore, and the east one 6,750 feet long, the pierheads at the outer end of each breakwater to be 600 feet apart; two parallel timber crib piers 180 feet apart at the mouth of Grand River, about 793 feet long on the west side and 1,252 feet long on the east side, including the inner 674 feet, which has not been maintained; and for dredging the outer harbor and the channel between the piers to a depth of 19 feet. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 18.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordi- nary fluctuations of water level are between 3 feet and 0.5 foot above low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by wind and other causes, are from 4 feet above to 0.5 foot below that plane. The estimated cost of new work, revised in 1930, is $1,810,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1905, provided for the west break- water (Annual Reports for 1903, p. 2084, and 1905, p. 2349) and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for a 1,400-foot extension of the east breakwater, for the present dimensions of the piers and for the dredging (H. Doc. No. 206, 63d Cong., 1st sess.), and the act of January 21, 1927, modified by the act of July 3, 1930, provided for a 4,000-foot extension of the east breakwater (H. Doc. No. 592, 69th Cong., 2d sess.). For the latest published map see the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, requires local interests to contribute $304,000 toward the cost of ex- tending the breakwater 4,000 feet, and dredge at their own expense the channel of approach to their terminal The river and harbor act RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1643 approved July 3, 1930, waived the condition requiring local interests to contribute to the cost of the breakwater extension. Terminal facilities.-The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. has ob- tained and maintained a channel in the river with an available depth of 18 feet at low-water datum for about 1 mile above the limits of the Federal project. The Fairport, Painesville & Eastern Railroad Co. has extended this channel about 2,200 feet farther upstream to afford access to docks in connection with the Diamond Alkali Co. One large ore terminal, one coal dock, and one dock equipped with a warehouse for miscellaneous freight and elevator for handling grain do a gen- eral public business. One limestone dock and four fish docks are privately owned. There are no publicly owned terminals. The facilities are regarded as adequate for the needs of existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made the commer- cial development of Fairport Harbor possible, as in its natural condition it was entirely unsuited to the needs of navigation. Im- proved conditions on the Great Lakes, of which the improvement of Fairport Harbor is a part, have resulted in a very great reduc- tion in water rates. The water rates on the bulk commodities- iron ore and coal-which comprise about 70 per cent of the total commerce of the harbor, have been reduced. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. hopper dredge Burton restored the project depth in the entrance channel. Cost $6,346.06. The cost for harbor supervision was $698.51. The total cost for maintenance for the year was $7,044.57 and the expenditure was $7,127.83. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 46 per cent com- pleted. The harbor has been improved by the construction of parallel piers 180 feet apart at the mouth of the Grand River, the aggregate length of portions now maintained being 1,371 feet; by the construction of outer breakwaters, with a total length of 6,128 feet, sheltering an area of about 85 acres; and by dredging the chan- nel between the piers and through the outer harbor to a depth of 19 feet at low-water datum. The piers were completed in 1904 and the breakwaters in 1924. The project work remaining to be done is dredging in the outer harbor on both sides of the entrance channel to 19 feet and extending the east breakwater 4,000 feet. The controlling depth in the channel is 19 feet at low-water datum. The harbor works are in good condition except for some minor repairs to breakwaters. The cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $1,204,543.55, of which $830,053.97 was for new work and $374,481.58 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $1,204,831.49. Proposed operatians.-Thebalance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied to maintenance dredging by hopper dredge Burton dur- ing May, 1931. The funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. The extension of the east breakwater is considered desirable. Redredging is required annually. For the above items, funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 as follows: 1644 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 New work, constructing about 1,970 linear feet of breakwater in extension to existing east breakwater; by contract, 84,000 tons stone, at $3.25 per ton plus about 10 per cent engineering and contingencies ------------------------------------------ $300, .00.00 Maintenance, dredging by hopper dredge Burton----------------- 12, 500. 00 Total --------------------------------------------- 312, 500.00 Commercial statistis.-The principal commerce of the harbor is iron ore, coal, limestone, wheat, flour, and miscellaneous. Vessels carrying these commodities have a draft of 16 to 19 feet and make use of the improvement. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925-------------------4,327,276 $41, 941,156 1928-------------------5, 655,995 $42, 286,877 1926-------------------- 4,194,934 35,422,063 1929..--------------------- 5,312,719 24,276,615 -- 1927.........----........------------...... 4, 843, 945 32, 502, 891 The decrease in freight traffic for the calendar year 1929, under that of 1928, is due to decreased receipts of wheat and decreased shipments of coal and wheat. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------- ----------- $1, 198, 994. 06 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 374, 489. 58 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ----------- 1, 573, 483.64 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930--------- --------------- 287. 94 Net total expenditures-------------- -------------- 1, 573, 771. 58 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------- ----------- 18, 352. 95 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 1, 592, 124. 53 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------- ------------ ------------------------------ ------------ Cost of maintenance-----------------$132, 224. 78 $16, 775.39 $13, 289.64 $12, 434. 79 $', 044. 57 Total expended---------------------- 132, 224. 78 16, 775.39 7,934.90 10, 986. 71 7, 127. 83 Allotted-----..-.----------------------- 35, 000. 00 10,000.00 7, 349.45 14, 500. 00 12, 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929.- _ $12, 980. 78 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ....... 12, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------------25, 480. 78 Gross amount expended------- ------- ----- 7, 127. 83 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---- ------------------- 18, 352. 95 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930-------------------------- 287. 94 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--------------- 18, 640.89 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ---------------------------------------- 980, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1645 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: - -- --- -- -- --- -- -- --- --- --- -- -- --- --- --- For new work - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- --- -- --- $300, 000. 00 For maintenance 1__________1 2, 500. 00 Total 1-------------- --------------------------------- 312, 500. 00 7. ASHTABULA HARBOR, OHIO !into Location and description.-Ashtabula Harbor is located at the mouth of Ashtabula River, which flows Lake Erie 59 miles easterly from Cleveland, Ohio. It comprises the lower 13/4 miles of the river, which is from 150 to 300 feet wide, and an outer harbor protected by breakwaters, which is some 175 acres in area, about 3,600 feet long and 2,100 feet wide. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 3.) Original condition.-In its natural condition the Ashtabula River was little suited to the requirements of navigation. A narrow chan- nel with an available depth of 4 feet below low-water datum extended for about 2 miles above the mouth of the river, but the mouth itself was obstructed by a sand bar over which the depth was usually but 2 feet and which overlaid shale rock which was encountered at a minimum depth of 5 feet below low-water datum. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of May 20, 1826, and was modified by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1829, July 3, 1832, March 2, 1867, June 10, 1872, March 3, 1881, and July 8, 1890. The total cost and expendi- tures thereunder prior to beginning expenditures under the existing project, in 1897, were $565,192.27 for new work and maintenance (not separable). For further details of previous project see page 1963 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an outer harbor about 175 acres in area and 20 feet deep protected by breakwaters, the west breakwater to be 7,180 feet long and the east breakwater 4,500 feet long, with an entrance 600 feet wide between pierheads. The break- waters, except about 430 feet of the west one, which has a timber- crib substructure, are rubble-mound structures. The pierheads are stone-filled timber cribs with concrete superstructures. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 19.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordi- nary fluctuations of water level are between 3 feet and 0.5 foot above low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by winds or other causes, are from 4 feet above to zero, referred to that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $1,933,529, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for maintenance is $8,000. The existing project was authorized 'by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the breakwaters (Annual Report for 1895, p. 3122); the act of March 3, 1905, pro- vided for extending the west breakwater shoreward (no printed re- port) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for enlarging the outer 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1646 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 harbor by extending the west breakwater lakeward and shoreward and by constructing a new east breakwater, for pierheads, and for the removal of the outer 600 feet of the old east breakwater (H. Doc. No. 654, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for connecting the west breakwater with the shore and for dredging in the outer harbor (H. Doc. No. 997, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). For the latest published map see the latter document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The extension of the project adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, provides that dredging in the west basin north of the Pennsylvania Railroad Co.'s pier be delayed until the shore line is protected by a solid bulkhead. The Pennsyl- vania Railroad Co. and the Ashtabula Chamber of Commerce were notified in May, 1919, of the required cooperative work, but no progress has been made toward compliance, and it is not yet known when it will be done. The city of Ashtabula has expended about $268,000 in widening and deepening the channel and constructing bulkheads for a distance of about one-half mile at the upper limit of the navigable portion of the river. This channel is 150 feet wide and 16 feet deep at low-water datum. The maintenance of the chan- nel in the river below this portion has been carried on by railroads and other private interests. In 1902 and 1906 the Secretary of War, under authority of law, authorized the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. and the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway Co. (now the New York Central Rail- road Co.) to take possession of the west and east jetties, respectively. The railroad companies subsequently removed both jetties and re- placed them with bulkheads so arranged as to increase the channel width to about 300 feet. The Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Rail- way Co., under authority of the Secretary of War, extended the old east breakwater along the dock front a distance of 1,200 feet. This improvement, which cost about $116,000, was intended primarily as a protection to the railroad docks, but was, nevertheless, beneficial to the general interests of navigation. Terminal facilities.-Extensive ore and coal terminals are owned by the New York Central Railroad Co., along the east side of the river and the slip 1,000 feet easterly thereof, and by the Pennsyl- vania Railroad Co. along the west side of the river. These comprise three ore and two coal docks, equipped with mechanical appliances and are open for general public business. These railroads have an aggregate developed dock frontage of 18,500 feet. Two terminals, one on each side of the river, provide facilities for car ferries which ply between Ashtabula and Port Burwell and Port Maitland, On- tario, Canada. There are two privately owned fish docks and a large shipyard and dry dock. The city of Ashtabula owns 132 feet of dock on the east side of the river which can accommodate small boats and is open to the public. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) The terminal facilities are regarded as adequate for the needs of existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made the commer- cial development of Ashtabula Harbor possible, as in its natural con- dition it was entirely unsuited to the needs of navigation. Improved conditions on the Great Lakes, of which the improvement of Ashta- RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1647 bula Harbor is a part, have resulted in a very great reduction of water rates. Water rates on the bulk commodities, iron ore and coal, which comprise about 99 per cent of the entire commerce of the harbor, have been reduced. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. hopper dredge Burton restored the project depth in the entrance channel Cost, $6,260.57. Minor repairs were made to the west breakwater by placing additional stone where required. Repairs were in prog- ress at the end of the fiscal year. Cost, $13,451.24. The cost for harbor supervision was $142.26, and the cost of pre- liminary work in connection with increasing height of a part of west breakwater was $117.87. Total cost of maintenance for the year was. $19,971.94, and the expenditure was $20,742.63. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 90 per cent com- pleted. Under the existing project as first adopted, a west break- water 3,380 feet long and an east breakwater 1,200 feet long were built, affording an outer harbor of limited area. Under the provi- sions of the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, the west break- water was extended shoreward and lakeward to an aggregate length of 6,600 feet; a new outer east breakwater 4,500 feet long was built; the east and west breakwaters were terminated with pierheads at their outer ends; and the outer 600 feet of the old east breakwater was re- moved. The breakwater and pierheads were completed in 1915 and the extension of west breakwater to shore, provided by river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, in 1923. The inner end of the west breakwater requires additional stone to increase the cross section. This work will be done in 1930. The west breakwater also requires some minor repairs. The other harbor works are geperally in good condition. The controlling depth in the entrance channel is 20 feet. The work remaining to be done is to deepen a portion of the outer harbor to 20 feet. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $1,906,700.58, of which $1,737,648.74 was for new work and $169,051.84 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $1,903,184.79. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied to maintenance as follows: Reconstructing about 1,600 feet of the west breakwater to increase the height, by contract, July-September, 1930------------------$91, 754. 53 Dredging by hopper dredge Burton, June, 1931-------------------- 6, 500. 00 Total---------------------------------- ------------- 98, 254. 53 The funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. Redredging is required annually and the sum of $9,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 by dredging by hopper dredge Burton. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The principal commerce of the harbor is iron ore and coal. Car ferries operating between Ashtabula and Port Burwell and Port Maitland, Ontario, Canada, carry a miscel- laneous freight. The freight traffic is principally in boats of 17 to 19 feet draft and all commerce makes use of the improvement. 11714--ENG 1930-----104 1648 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Comparative statement By lake vessels By car ferry Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1925-------------................------------------------- 9, 883,073 $39, 698,402 776, 767 $14,085,682 1926---------..........---------------------------- 11,601,467 46, 358,314 843, 352 16,254,682 -------------------------- 1927--------..........----- 10,070,077 39,561, 271 934,141 17,913,470 1928------ ------------------------------- 10, 542, 065 42, 239,896 773, 207 25, 441, 395 1929.................------------------------------------- 12,072,307 50,495,713 301,050 13,954,159 The increase in freight traffic by lake vessels for the calendar year 1929 over that of 1928 is due to increased receipts of iron ore and shipments of coal. The decrease in car-ferry traffic for the calendar year 1929 under that of 1928 is due to the decreased receipts of paper and merchandise and shipments of manufactured steel and coal. Cost and financial summary .Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_----------------------- $2, 302, 841. 01 .Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 --- __-- ___-------169, 051. 84 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 2, 471, 892. 85 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930----------- 594. 15 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-----------------------2, 472, 487. 00 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ---------- -------- 4, 109. 94 Net total expenditures---------------------------- 2, 468, 377. 06 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 _______ ____ ____ 98, 254. 53 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 2 ,566, 631. 59 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work...--- Cost of maintenance--_- -------------. $27, 165. 73 $4, 955. 26 $12, 786. 20 $4, 533. 83 $19, 971. 94 Total expended----------------------- 27, 165. 73 4, 955. 26 4, 061. 65 310 27 20. 742. 63 Allotted.......--- ------------------------- 5, 000.00 5, 000. 00 -11, 142. 72 12, 400. 00 800 00 106, Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ____ - -____- -_________-__ $12, 197. 16 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930______________________ $15, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930_ --------------------------- 87, 500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28 1929------------------------4, 300. 00 - - 106, 800. 00 Amount to be accounted for_______________________________ 118, 997. 16 .Gross amount expended ------------------------------------ 20, 742. 63 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ------- ____-____ 98, 254. 53 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1----------------- 196, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 1932, for maintenance __ 9, 000. 00 SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1649 8. CONNEAUT HARBOR, OHIO Location and description.-Conneaut Harbor is located at the mouth of Conneaut River, which flows into Lake Erie 73 miles by water easterly from Cleveland, Ohio. It comprises the lower 3,000 feet of Conneaut River, which is from 200 to 400 feet wide, and an outer harbor some 200 acres in area formed by breakwaters. The outer harbor is about 4,000 feet long and 2,000 feet wide. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 3.) Original condition.-Conneaut River was but little suited to the requirements of navigation. A channel about 13 feet deep below low-water datum and 75 feet wide extended for about one-half mile above the mouth of the river, but the mouth itself was obstructed by a sand bar over which the depth was usually about 2 feet. Previous projects.-These were adopted by the river and harbor acts of March 2, 1829, July 13, 1892, February 24, 1893, and March 24, 1896. The total cost and expenditures thereunder prior to the adoption of the existing project, in 1910, were $845,055.69, of which $805,271.72 was for new work and $39,783.97 was for maintenance after 1903, prior to which time the amounts expended for works of improvement and for maintenance were so involved that it is impracticable to separate them. For further details of previous projects see page 1964 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.--This provides for the construction of two con- verging breakwaters to form an outer harbor about 200 acres in extent, the west breakwater, of rubble-mound construction, to be 4,700 feet long and the east one 2,750 feet long (1,700 feet of rubble mound and 1,050 feet of timber crib with concrete superstructure), the pierheads at the outer end of each breakwater to be 600 feet apart; two timber and concrete piers at the mouth of the Conneaut River, 200 feet apart for the outer 428 feet and widening to 300 feet apart at the inner end of the west pier, the east pier 1,467 feet long and the west pier 693 feet; for removing the old west breakwater; and for dredging the outer harbor and between the piers to the inner end of the east pier to a depth of 20 feet. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 19.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of the locality. Ordi- nary fluctuations of water level are between 3 feet and 0.5 foot above low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by wind and other causes, are from 4 feet above to zero, referred to that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1926, is $1,164,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1916) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the breakwaters and pierheads and the removal of a portion of the old west breakwater (H. Doc. No. 653, 61st Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the present alignment of the west breakwater, for removing all the old west breakwater, and for dredging to 20 feet (H. Doc. No. 983, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). For the latest published map see the last-mentioned document. 1650 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The railroad and dock companies have ob- tained and maintained a channel in Conneaut River 19 feet deep at low-water datum from the upper limit of the Federal project to a point about 3,000 feet above the outer ends of the piers. There are about 6,800 feet of improved dock frontage, part of which is owned by the Pittsburgh, Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad Co., and the bal- ance by the Pittsburgh & Conneaut Dock Co., both subsidiary com- panies of the United States Steel Corporation. One dock has been reconstructed and the channel widened south of the inner end of West Pier. On the three other docks there are mechanical appli- ances for handling iron ore and coal, and facilities are open to ship- pers of these commodities. One terminal handles loaded cars only for a car-ferry line which plies between Conneaut Harbor and Port Stanley and Rondeau, Ontario, Canada. There is no publicly owned dock at the harbor. The privately owned terminals are regarded as adequate for the needs of existing commerce. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made the commer- cial development of Conneaut Harbor possible, as in its natural con- dition it was entirely unsuited to the needs of navigation. Improved conditions on the Great Lakes, of which the improvement of Con- neaut Harbor is a part, have resulted in a very great reduction of water rates. Water rates on the bulk commodities, iron ore and coal, which comprise about 99 per cent of the entire commerce of the harbor, have been reduced. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. hopper dredge Burton restored the project depth in the entrance channel, cost $4,586.56. The cost for harbor supervision was $237.16. The total cost of maintenance for the year was $4,823.72 and the expenditure $8,933.70. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 89 per cent com- pleted. Under existing project a length of 4,445 feet of the new west breakwater was completed in 1916; the old east breakwater, 1,050 feet long, has been extended shoreward 800 feet (completed 1911) and lakeward 900 feet (completed 1923), total length 2,750 feet; 642 feet of the old west breakwater was removed in 1916 and the remain- ing 600 feet in 1925. Two piers have been constructed at the mouth of the Conneaut River. The east pier is 1,467 feet long and the west pier 693 feet long. Only the outer 300 feet of the west pier is maintained by the United States. A portion of the outer harbor was dredged to 19 feet, low-water datum, and the entrance channel through the outer harbor and between the piers was dredged to 20 feet for a minimum width of 176 feet, completed in 1919. The harbor structures were in good condition at the end of the year. The controlling depth in channel through outer harbor and between the piers was 20 feet at low-water datum. The southerly portion of the outer basin has not been fully maintained. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the construction of 255 linear feet, shoreward extension of west breakwater, and dredg- ing to obtain 20 feet over remainder of outer basin. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1651 The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $1,140,006.58, of which $1,030,924.62 was for new work and $109,081.96 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $1,139,321.38. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Dredging by hopper dredge Burton, June, 1931----------------- $12, 272. 86 Repair fenders on east pier by derrick boat Erie, July, 1930 -------- 3, 700. 00 Total ---------------------------------------------- 15, 972. 86 The funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. Redredging is required annually, therefore the sum of $9,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 in maintenance, dredging by hopper dredge Bwrton. The amount required for maintenance exceeds the average amount expended annually for maintenance during the last five years. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The principal commerce of the harbor is iron ore and coal. Car ferries, operating between Conneaut Harbor and Port Stanley and Rondeau, Ontario, Canada, carry a miscel- laneous freight. The freight traffic is principally in boats of 17 to 20 feet draft and all commerce makes use of the improvement. Comparative statement By lake vessels By car ferries Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1925--..--.... ----. ---------------------------- 10, 796, 244 $43, 117, 530 592, 629 $5, 018,989 1926....__--------_ _---------------- --------------- 12, 501, 505 49, 544, 752 298, 798 4, 007, 621 1927 _-------. 9, 611, 089 .---------------------------------..... 37, 483, 246 105, 658 903, 781 1928--......------.......------------ ------------------- 11, 127, 826 43, 322, 222 299, 300 3, 860, 203 1929 ............. . ... .......----------- ------ 12, 180. 858 50, 028, 501 265, 068 2, 881, 078 The increase in freight traffic, by lake vessels, for the calendar year 1929 over that of 1928 is due to the increased shipments of coal and increased receipts of iron ore. The decrease in freight traffic, by car ferries, is due to decreased exports of manufactured steel and coal. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 $1, 836, 196. 34 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------- 148, 865.93 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 1, 985, 062. 27 ----------- Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 --- ----------------------- 685.20 Net total expenditures1_______--_________________ 1, 984, 377. 07 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 _ -- --- ----- 15, 972. 86 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__--------- 2, 000, 349. 93 '1652 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....-------------------------- ------------------------------------ Cost of maintenance-------.---- ------- $26, 481. 47 $12, 985. 94 $6, 331. 11 $6, 435. 58 $4,823. 72 Total expended_---- -------------------- 26, 481. 47 12, 985. 94 -2, 723. 16 1,759. 52 8,933. 70 Allotted-.........----------.......------------.....----6,000 00 6, 000. 00 -3,015.66 4,000.00 11, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----------------------------$13, 906. 56 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28,1930 1-------------------------- 000.00 Amount to be accounted for---------------- ---------- 24, 906. 56 Gross amount expended-------------------------------------8, 933. 70 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 15, 97286 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 .-----------.-------- 305.40 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------- 15, 667. 46 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 133, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9, 000. 00 9. HARBOR AT ERIE, PA. Location and description.-ErieHarbor is located in Presque Isle Bay, formed by Presque Isle Peninsula, on the south shore of Lake Erie, 78 miles by lake westerly from Buffalo Harbor, N. Y., and 102 miles by lake easterly from Cleveland Harbor, Ohio. The bay is 41/2 miles long from east to west and 1 to 11/2 miles wide from north to south. The harbor basin is 2 miles long, one-half to 11/3 miles wide, and 18 to 24 feet deep. (See U. S. Lake Survey Charts Nos. 3 and 332.) Original condition.-The harbor was nearly landlocked, the only entrance being at the eastern end through a channel which was narrow, tortuous, and variable in position, with a depth of about 6 feet. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 26, 1824, and modifi- cations were subsequently made by approval of the report of a board of engineers in 1855; by approval of the report of the district officer in 1865; by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1867; by approval of the report of a board of engineers in 1870; and by the river and harbor acts of August 5, 1886, and September 19, 1890. The cost and expenditures under these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1899 were $841,867.43, of which amount $736,- 967.04 was for new work and $104,900.39 for maintenance since 1887. For further details of previous projects see page 1965 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 20 feet deep and 300 feet wide, about 9,000 feet long from lake to harbor basin, passing between piers 360 to 450 feet apart, of the timber- crib type, with concrete superstructure, extending to the 16-foot 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--BUFFALO, N. Y.1 DISTRICT 1653 contour in the lake, the north pier to have a length of about 3,248 feet, and the south pier about 2,215 feet, further extensions lakeward when required to meet advance of said contour; for a timber-crib breakwater 2,000 feet long, with about 1,200 linear feet of stone superstructure, extending from the inner end of the south pier to the mainland, thus closing the balance of the opening at the eastern end of the harbor; for deepening the harbor basin over certain areas at the east and west ends to 20 feet, and the basin off the public- dock to 18 feet, and for plant growth and emergency protection work on the peninsula. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, elevation 570.8 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. These depths correspond tow depths 19.2 and 17.2 feet on the lake survey chart, Erie Harbor and Presque Isle, Pa., index 332. Ordinary fluctuations of water level are from 3.5 feet above to low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by wind and other causes, are from 5.9 feet above to 2.7 feet below that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1910, was $452,625, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and: harbor acts: The act of May 26, 1824, provided for the construction of the breakwater and piers and dredging of the entrance chan- nel and for brushwood protection of the beach of Presque Isle Penin- sula (document or report not known) ; the acts of 1826 to 1852 infer- entially provided for breakwater and pier extensions and repairs, dredging channel, and closing a breach which occurred in the neck of Presque Isle Peninsula in 1833 (documents or reports not known, except H. Doc. No. 128, 24th Cong., 1st sess.; S. Doc. No. 1, 24th Cong., 1st sess.; and S. Doc. No. 42, 35th Cong., 1st sess.; and Annual Report for 1880, pp. 2172-2179); the acts of 1864 to 1896 inferentially provided for further pier extensions, increased channel dimensions, and protection of the neck and lake shore of the penin- sula by brush and stone revetments, pile and timber bulkheads, and tree planting (Annual Report for 1866, pp. 20, 21; for 1867, pp. 139, 179-183, 254; for 1868, pp. 163-164, 183-185; for 1870, p. 181; for 1871, ;pp. 48, 208; for 1875, pp. 57, 316; for 1876, II, pp. 564-566; for 1877, p. 969; for 1879, pp. 1708, 1713; and for 1890, pp. 2796, 2797) ; the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the deepening of chan- nel and harbor basin to present dimensions and for concrete super- structures and extensions of piers, and for plant growth and emer- gency protection work on the peninsula (H. Doc. No. 70, 55th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1897, p. 3237), as modified by act of June 25, 1910 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 26, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of November 28, 1922 (Public, No. 366), reconveyed Presque Isle Peninsula to the State of Pennsylvania for park pur- poses. The latest published maps are in the Annual Report for 1911, page 2510, and Lake Survey Chart No. 332. Recommended modiflcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. The following work has been done for the benefit of the public with funds supplied by other sources than Congress: In 1824, $10,000 was expended by the 1654 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 State of Pennsylvania in the partial construction of the breakwater :south of the entrance channel. Terminal facilities.-The developed water front has a length of about 2 miles, extending from the foot of Parade Street at the east .end to foot of Cascade Street at the west end. Two groups of ter- minals have been established along this harbor frontage and within the United States harbor line, which is located about 1,800 feet beyond the shore line. The westerly group of terminals consists of three piers. One is equipped with a car dumper for the shipment of soft coal, but has not been used for several years. In addition there is a sand wharf for storage and shipment of building sand dredged from Lake Erie and a soft-coal fuel wharf. This is for fueling small (excursion steamers, fish, and other tugs. The easterly group of terminals consists of the following: One 4dock for the shipment of hard and soft coal, which is loaded by a ,car dumper. Pulpwood is also received and unloaded at this coal .dock. Adjoining the coal dock on the east is an ore dock for the receipt and transfer of iron ore, one Hulett and two Meade-Morrison unloaders being used. West of the coal dock is a large freight house operated by the Great Lakes Transit Corporation for the receipt of flour and receipt and shipment of package freight. At the foot of Holland Street is the Pennsylvania elevator, which has a storage capacity of 1,156,400 bushels of grain. In addition there are two sand and gravel wharves, eight fish wharves, and the so-called Watson Dock, used for miscellaneous purposes. With the exception of the minor ones, the terminals are connected with, owned, or controlled by the Pennsylvania Railroad and asso- fciated lines, and are open to all chartered water carriers on equal terms. There is also one public dock of the city of Erie (extension of 'State Street), constructed by the State of Pennsylvania in 1908-9 at a cost of $150,000. It has no railroad connection. It is used both as a passenger and a freight terminal, lumber being the largest item of freight received. It is also used for receipt of automobile shipments for Erie and vicinity. It is open to use by all water carriers on equal terms under a city ordinance. The State of Penn- sylvania controls the inner canal basins lying on the east and west sides of State Street. The major terminals in these inner canal basins are fish wharves. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made the develop- ment of water-borne commerce possible, as in its natural condition the depth in the entrance channel was only about 6 feet, and the deepening of this channel and parts of the harbor basin commen- surate with the connecting channels of the Great Lakes has enabled the largest bulk freighters of 20 feet draft to make use of the harbor freely and safely, including anchorage, with resultant material re- duction in water-borne freight rates, notably for the bulk commodi- ties, iron ore, grain, and coal, which represent about 80 per cent of the harbor traffic. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1655 Operations and results during fiscal year.-Work under contract for constructing about 5,200 linear feet of steel sheet pile bulkhead, with stone facing, was begun in April, 1930, and was in progress at the end of the fiscal year. The steel bulkhead was completed for 5,032 feet and 1,894 feet was stone faced. Cost $49,828.32. The U. S. hopper dredge Willets Point restored the project depth in the entrance channel and easterly part of the basin. Cost $21,319.95. The cost for harbor supervision was $87.27. The total cost of maintenance for the year was $71,235.54 and expenditure $63,828.69. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is com- pleted, except the further extension of piers provided for condi- tionally without estimate and relocation of the outer entrance chan- nel. The Presque Isle Peninsula has been reconveyed to the State of Pennsylvania for park purposes. The dredging was completed in 1.911 and the breakwater and piers in 1915. There is now a harbor basin with a depth of 16 to 20 feet, with an entrance channel at its easterly end 300 feet wide, and 20 feet deep at low-water datum, protected by the two piers and breakwater. A steel-pile bulkhead faced with stone is- under construction along Presque Isle Peninsula for the protection of the harbor. The bulkhead is about 5,200 feet long, including shore returns, with about 4,600 feet stone faced. The conditional work of extending piers will be done from time. to time as required, under the existing project. The harbor struc- tures are generally in good condition. A section of the north pier shows considerable settlement. The breakwater requires some minor- repairs. There is a controlling depth of 20 feet at low-water datum in the outer and inner channels, and in the harbor basin leading to the docks at the easterly end; 19 feet to coal and ore docks at west- erly end; and 16 feet to the public dock, foot of State Street. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $1,229,550.70, of which $244,380.01 was for new work and $985,- 170.69 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $1,221,784.90. Proposed operaltions.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied to maintenance as follows: Dredging by hopper dredge Burton, May-June, 1931------------$20, 000. 00 Protection works on Presque Isle Peninsula, July-September, 1930, by contract-------- -------------- ---------------- 105,624. 23 Total-------------------------------------- 125, 624. 23 The funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. Redredging is required annually. For this item, and for minor repairs to breakwater, funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 for maintenance as follows: Dredging by hopper dredge Burton--------------------------$21, 000, Minor repairs to breakwater-------------------------------- 2, 500 Total------------ --------- -------------- 23, 500 The amount required for maintenance exceeds the average amount expended annually for maintenance during the last five years. The increased amount is needed for additional maintenance dredging and for minor repairs to breakwater. 1656 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Commercial statitics.-The principal commerce of the harbor con- sisted of iron ore, coal, grain, flour, pulpwood, sugar, and miscella- Ineous. The different classes of freight were carried in vessels of the following drafts: Coal, via Welland Canal, 14 feet; coal, to westerly lake ports, 20 feet; pulpwood, 14 to 18 feet; grain and miscellaneous freight, 15 to 19 feet. All commerce makes use of the improvement. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1925----_-.-- 1, 695, 742 $22, 799, 702 31, 928 1928_------- -2, 352, 770 $36, 802, 160 406 41, 1926. -..--. 3,045, 580 36, 345, 861 14, 242 1929----_-- -3, 430, 110 38, 052, 478 23, 577 1927_ --- 2, 860, 772 40, 576, 839 31, 231 The increase in freight traffic for the calendar year 1929 over that of 1928 is due to increased receipts of iron ore. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $981, 347. 05 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 090, 071.08 1-----------------------, Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 2, 071, 418. 13 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ------------------------- 7, 765.80 Net total expenditures-2, 063, 652. 33 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-------------------------- 125, 624.23 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------2, 189, 276. 56 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work- - --.-- - Cost of maintenance..............------------------ $17, 899. 47 $11, 020. 64 $10, 822. 16 $21, 995. 37 $71, 235. 54 Total expended ..------..----------------.... 17, 899. 47 11, 020. 64 13, 471. 68 21, 871. 86 63, 828. 69 Allotted------ .----- . 10,000.00 .----------------- 10,000. 00 10,000. 00 29,000. 00 170, 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------------- $18, 952.92 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------------- $20, 500. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930--------------------------------------- 150,000. 00 170, 500.00 Amount to be accounted for----------------------------- 189, 452. 92 Gross amount expended-- ---------------------------------- 63, 828. 69 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------- -- 125, 624. 23 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------- 4, 008. 10 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts------------ 89, 853. 57 93, 861.67 Balance available June 30, 1930--------------------------- 31, 762. 56 &Amount (estimated)1 - -required - -- to be- -appropriated existing project _ _____________ _ for completion of --- ---- ---- --- - 208,200. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - --- -- --- -- --- -- --- -- 30, 1932, for maintenance '__________ ___ 23, 500. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1657 10. HARBOR AT DUNKIRK, N. Y. Location and description.-DunkirkHarbor is located on the south shore of Lake Erie, 37 miles by water southwesterly from Buffalo Harbor, N. Y., and 44 miles by water northeasterly from Erie Har- bor, Pa. It lies in an indentation of the south shore of Lake Erie, between Point Gratiot on the west and Battery Point on the east. The distance between these points is 9,600 feet, and maximum breadth of the indentation is 3,600 feet. The harbor basin is 2,400 feet long from east to west and 1,000 feet wide. (See U. S. Lake Survey Charts Nos. 3.and 318.) Original condition.-This harbor was merely an indentation in the shore, was exposed to lake storms, had a depth of about 10 feet, and was not available for commerce. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1827, and was modified by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1867, by approval November 30, 1870, of the report of a board of engineers, and by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896. The cost and expenditures under these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910 were $987,770.25, of which $811,249.94 was for new work and $176,520.31 for maintenance since 1887. For further details of previous projects see page 1966 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 350 feet wide at the lake end, narrowing to 200 feet at the breakwater, and widening to 400 feet at the basin end, entering between a pier and a breakwater, 270 feet apart; the pier on the west side to extend from the shore for a length of about 1,410 feet and the breakwater on the east side to be a detached structure 2,800 feet long; for a harbor basin 2,400 feet long and 1,000 feet wide; channel and basin to be of a depth suitable for vessels of 16 feet draft. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, elevation 570.8 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 15.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart, Dunkirk Harbor, N. Y., index No. 318. Ordinary fluctuations of water level are from 4 feet above to low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations produced by wind and other causes are from 6 feet above to 3 feet below that plane. The estimated cost for new work, revised in 1910, was $99,275, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March- 2, 1827, provided for beginning con- struction of the pier and the acts of 1828 to 1852 inferentially pro- vided for continuing it to completion (documents or reports not known, except S. Doc. No. 42, 35th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Re- port for 1866, Pt. IV, p. 155) ; the act of March 2, 1867, inferentially provided for construction of the breakwater and excavating the entrance channel to 13 feet (report of board of engineers approved Nov. 30, 1870); the act of June 3, 1896, provided for the entrance channel and harbor basin of a depth suitable for vessels of 16 feet draft (H. Doc. No. 63, 54th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the removal of the rock reef bordering the 1658 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 inner entrance channel (H. Doc. No. 720, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in Annual Report for 1903, page 2124, House Document No. 720, Sixty-first Congress, second session, and Lake Survey Chart No. 318. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, made the further improvement of the harbor authorized by this act contingent upon the construction by the local authorities of a suit- able concrete dock or the provision of such other terminal facilities as might be approved by the Secretary of War. Plans for a terminal at the foot of Central Avenue were submitted by the city authorities and approved by the Secretary of War on April 10, 1915, and its con- struction was commenced during the latter part of the fiscal year 1915. The conditions imposed by the river and harbor act referred to above having been fulfilled, the Secretary of War on April 6, 1916, authorized the expenditure of the funds appropriated for this harbor. Terminal facilities.-There are three wharves in this harbor. Two are too dilapidated for commercial purposes but are used as landing places for fish tugs engaged in the fishing industry in Lake Erie off Dunkirk; on them are built a number of fish houses and fish-net reels. The third wharf or public dock, at the foot of Cen- tral Avenue, owned by the city of Dunkirk, is a timber-concrete earth-filled structure designed for commercial use by large lake vessels. A railroad track connects it with the Erie Railroad, and this in turn with the New York Central Railroad. The dock is equipped with a 20-ton traveling crane. The terminal has been leased to private parties but is open to all on equal terms under the terms of the lease. The facilities are considered adequate for the small existing commerce or any probable increase. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made possible the limited use of Dunkirk Harbor, as in its natural condition it was entirely unsuited to the needs of navigation. The improvement has had no effect on water rates. The harbor is used only by fishing and sand vessels of light draft, and the facilities are sufficient for the conduct of this business. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Contract work of constructing new concrete superstructure on channel arm breakwater which was in progress at the end of the last fiscal year, was com- pleted. Cost $45,979.91. U. S. derrick boat Erie completed rein- forcing the lake side of west pier with riprap stone. Cost, $4,970.21. The cost for harbor supervision was $100.91. The total cost for maintenance was $51,051.03 and the expenditure $64,395.11. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1918 at a saving of $43,101 under the estimated cost. The structures are of the timber crib type, 1,037 linear feet of the west pier and 987 linear feet of the east breakwater have concrete super- structures, and 600 feet of the breakwater and 15.5 feet of the pier have stone superstructures. About 800 feet of the lake side of the pier has been reinforced with stone riprap. The timber superstruc- ture on the remainder of the breakwater is badly decayed and has been seriously wrecked by storms. About 616 linear feet of this old superstructure will be replaced with stone in 1930. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1659 The project depth of 16 feet below low-water datum is available in the entrance channel and 14 feet through the basin to the Central Avenue Wharf. Depths in the remainder of the basin vary from 7 to 12 feet. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $297,851.11, of which $56,174.10 was for new work and $241,- 677.01 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $297,851.11. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied to maintenance as follows: Repairs to about 616 linear :feet of main breakwater July-September, 1930, by contract or Government plant, $46,192.12. The funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. About 616 feet of the main breakwater is in very bad condition and requires repairs. For this work and for completing the mainte- nance dreding required, funds can be profitably expended during .the fiscal year 1932 as follows: Repairs to a part of main breakwater, by contract-----------------$46, 200 Maintenance dredging, by contract or by Government plant---------- 13, 800 Total-- ---------------------------------------------- 60, 000 The amount required for maintenance exceeds the average amount expended annually for maintenance during the last five years. The additional amount is required to complete the maintenance dredging and repair of breakwater. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists principally of pulp- wood, sand, and fish traffic. The pulpwood and sand-gravel boats have a draft of 12 to 15 feet; steam fishing boats, 6 to 8 feet; motor fishing boats, 4 to 6 feet. All commerce makes use of the im- provement. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925______.......... 9, 751 $148, 737 830 1928____..... . 26,526 $53,019 1926.......... 14,497 - 115, 329 2, 632 1929 ........ 67,487 104, 218 1927........ -24, 440 102, 056 .. The increase in freight traffic, both short tons and value, for the calendar year 1929 over that of 1028, is due to the importation of sand and increased internal receipts of gravel. Cost and financial summary! Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------- ------ $867, 424. 04 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-----------__- ________ 418, 197. 32 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ----------_ 1, 285, 621.36 Net total expenditures---------------------------------- 1, 285, 621.36 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 46, 192. 12 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 -____________ 1, 331. 813. 48 1660 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS,' U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 8ost of new work...--------.......... i- ost of maintenance ..............------------------.. $48, 791. 42 $137. 32 - -- $291, 96 $25, 728. 80 $51, 051. 03 Total expended....-----------------------.48,791.42 137.32 528. 99 12,503.84 64, 395.11 Allotted-------------------------- ------------ --------- __ -4, 664.46 81, 000.00 41, 600.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929$-------------------------------- 8,987.23 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------------------- -------- 44, 100.00 Amount to be accounted for ---------------------------- 113, 087. 23 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment------------ ----- 2, 500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------ 110, 587. 23 Gross amount expended 395. 11 6-------------------------- Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------- ----------- 46, 192. 12 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------------ 3. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930 189. 12 4------------------------6, Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - 30, 1932, for maintenance 60, 000. 00 11. HARBOR AT BUFFALO, N. Y. Location and description.-Buffalo Harbor is located at the east- ern end of Lake Erie, 78 miles by water east of the Erie Harbor, Pa. In consists of an outer harbor about 41/2 miles long and 1,600 feet wide formed by a breakwater system in Lake Erie and an inner river, canal, and basin harbor with a total length of about 7 miles and a width of about 200 feet. The inner harbor is improved and maintained by the city of Buffalo. (See U. S. Lake Survey Charts Nos. 3 and 314.) Original condition.-There was no outer harbor, and the Buffalo: River entrance channel was narrow and about 8 feet deep across a gravel bar which at times practically closed the entrance to the, lower portion of the Buffalo River, within the bar, which was the original harbor of Buffalo. The navigable portion of the river was about 41/2 miles in length, the head of navigation being at Abbott Road bridge, Buffalo. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by river and harbor act of May 20, 1826, with modifications by river and harbor acts of July 7, 1838, June 23, 1866, June 23, 1874, June 3, 1896, March 2, 1907, and June 25, 1910. The total cost and expenditures under these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1912 were $5,922,795.52, of which $4,041,307.59 was for new work and $1,881,487.93 for maintenance since 1887. For further details of previous projects, see page 1967 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an outer harbor about 41/2. miles long and 1,600 feet wide, formed by a breakwater system ap- proximately parallel to the lake shore, extending from Stony Point to the head of Niagara River, and comprising a total length of about 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1661 23,604 feet, with two entrance channels, one at the north end 21 feet deep at low-water datum and 1,300 feet wide, and one at the south end, natural depth 21 to 26 feet, and 550 feet wide, and a gap about in the center for water circulation, natural depth about 20 feet and about 150 feet wide; for a depth of 23 feet in area C at the north entrance and a depth of 21 feet in areas A, B, D, F, G, H, I, and K (but extending only to within 100 feet of the harbor line), in the outer harbor, and a triangular area at the junction of the North Entrance Channel and Black Rock Channel; for an entrance channel to the inner harbor (Buffalo River and City Ship Canal) 21 feet deep and 180 to 250 feet wide, with enlargement at the inner end by the re- moval of the Watson elevator site to a depth of 21 feet; for a south pier of timber-crib type 1,760 feet long at the entrance to the inner harbor; and for a sand-catch pier 1,148 feet long in the outer harbor about opposite the middle gap. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, elevation 570.8 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. These depths correspond to depths of 20.2 and 22.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of the locality, Index No. 314. Ordinary fluctuations of water surface are from 3.5 feet above to 0.5 foot below low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations due to wind and other causes about 9 feet above and 31/2 below that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $895,150, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $55,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of May 20, 1826, provided for the construction of the south pier, modified in 1868, for extension (documents or reports not known, except as to extension. Annual Report for 1868, pp. 222, 232); the act of March 3, 1875, inferentially provided for the sand-catch pier modified by the act of June 3, 1896 (report of Board of Engineers, Annual Report for 1876, pt. 2, p. 573, and for 1895, p. 3153); the act of July 25, 1868, inferentially provided for construction of the breakwater (report of Board of Engineers, Annual Report for 1868, pp. 232-236, and for 1876, pt. 2, p. 569); modified by the act of June 3, 1896 (report of Board of Engineers, Annual Report for 1895, p. 3153), by the sundry civil act of March 3, 1905, and by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 240, 59th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of June 6, 1900, modified by the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the deepening of the entrance channel to the inner harbor and removing rock shoal therein (speci- fied in acts) ; and the act of June 25, 1910, providing for the enlarge- ment by removal of the Watson elevator site (H. Doc. No. 298, and R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 2, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 25, 1912, provided for securing the depth of 21 feet over areas A, B, and D, in the outer harbor, for the purpose of enlarging the chan- nel way and anchorage, and a depth of 23 feet over area C in the main outer entrance for a width of 800 feet, for the greater safety of deep-draft vessels in rough weather (H. Doc. No. 550, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the deeping of areas F and G (H. Doc. No. 1139, 64th Cong., 1st sess.); and of a triangular area at the north entrance (H. Doc. No. 1004, 65th Cong., 1662 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 2d sess.); the act of January 21, 1927, provided for the removal of a shoal between the entrance channel to Buffalo River and Erie Basin (H. Doc. No. 481, 68th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the deeping of areas H, I, and K (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 1, 71st Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps are in Rivers and Harbors Committee Document No. 1, Seventy-first Congress, first session, and Lake Survey Chart No. 314. Reconmended modiflcaltions of project. None. Local ooperation.-Before the adoption of the original project by Congress in 1826 piers on the north and south sides of the mouth of Buffalo Creek had been built with funds supplied by citizens of Buffalo and the State legislature, at a cost of about $15,000. The Buffalo River entrance channel between the piers was deepened and maintained by the city of Buffalo up to 1900; expenditure, :$137,654.34. The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, authorized the re- moval of the Watson elevator site, provided the site shall be deeded to the United -States free of cost and the control of the channel to the upper limit of the proposed excavation shall also be re- jinquished to the General Government. This condition has been complied with at a cost of $150,000 to the city of Buffalo. The river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, authorized the removal, to a depth of 21 feet, of the shoal between the Erie Basin .and the entrance channel to Buffalo inner harbor, provided the State of New York shall have given satisfactory assurance to the Secretary of War that it will dredge to an equal depth in Erie Basin between the area in question and the barge canal terminal. This condition has been complied with. Outside of the project, improvement and maintenance for the ,benefit of the public have been done, as follows: By the city of Buffalo: (1) Dredging the Buffalo River from the inner end of entrance channel to Seneca Street, a distance of 29,100 -feet, to a depth of from 20 to 21 feet over a width of 200 to 250 feet, .except at the bends, where it is suitably widened, and construction of a retaining wall 426 feet long on the north bank, cost $40,000 just west of the Ohio Street bridge, at a total cost of $2,942,389.60 for new work to December 31, 1929, and $1,654,042.56 for maintenance -to December 31, 1929. (2) Cazenovia Creek from its mouth at Buffalo River to Cazenovia Street bridge has been dredged to a depth of 12 feet, at a cost of $479,500. (3) Dredging the City Ship Canal, 6,250 feet long, 200 feet wide, and 21 feet deep, at a cost to ;September 23, 1921, of $790,348.49 for new work and $408,665.18 for maintenance to December 31, 1929. (4) Dredging Peck Slip from Buffalo River to City Ship Canal, 400 feet long, 250 feet wide, and 20 feet deep, at a cost to July 1, 1917, of $16,646.50 for new work and x$13,680.19 for maintenance. Free to the general public. Peck Slip filled in and abandoned. (5) Removal of islands between !Buffalo River and City Ship Canal, 350 feet above Commercial Street, at a cost of $104,4993. Contract completed October 5, .1921. (6) Construction of two piers and the excavation of two slips be- ;tween them in the outer harbor near the foot of South Michigan Avenue, completed at a cost of $989,000 in 1928. RIVERS AND HARBORS---BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1663 By the State of New York: In providing terminals for its barge- canal system at Buffalo as follows: (1) Erie Basin terminal formed by a stone breakwater 2,240 feet long, inclosing a basin abou 2,500 . feet long and 1,000 feet wide, in which two piers have been con- structed with freight houses and modern unloading devices. Exca-. vation to project depth of 21 feet at low-water datum completed in 1929. Total cost, $2,456,500. (2) Ohio Basin terminal 2,670 linear feet of concrete dock wall have been completed; 1,885 linear feet more wall will be required to complete the terminal. A depth of 12 feet of water is provided leading from the Buffalo River to the dock. This improvement will cost $1,750,000. Free to the general public. By the Lehigh Valley Railroad Co.: Extension of City Ship Canal 5,000 feet, 20 to 22 feet deep at mean lake level, 200 feet wide; and three Tifft farm basins, known as Lake Canal, Middle Canal, and East Canal, all the same depth and width, except the Middle Canal which is only 15 feet deep. These canals are 3,400, 1,800, and 3,700 feet long, respectively; expenditure, estimated, $511,740 to March 1, 1925. Not free to the general public, but terms same to all. By Bethlehem Steel Co. (Inc.), Lackawanna plant: Construction of canal (connecting with the south end of outer harbor), 4,000 feet long, 200 feet wide, 23 feet deep at mean lake level; expenditure, $1,408,700. Not free to the general public, but terms alike to all. By the Hanna Furnace Co. (formerly Rogers-Brown Iron Co.) and the Pennsylvania Railroad Co.: Construction of canal (con- necting with the south end of outer harbor), 2,000 feet long, 200 feet wide, 23 feet deep at mean lake level; expenditure, $406,000. Not free to the general public, but terms alike to all. Terminal facilities.-Outer harbor: Consists of two canals or slips at the southern end of the harbor which provide wharves for unload- ing and shipping iron ore and limestone. One is that of the Bethle- hein Steel Co. (Inc.), Lackawanna plant, an industrial concern manu- facturing steel products, the other the Union Canal, occupied on one side by the Hanna Furnace Co. and on the other side by the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. In addition to the three iron ore docks there is one shipbuilding wharf, one grain elevator 2,000,000 bushels capacity, completed in 1926, one Portland cement plant with stone wharf on north side of the Union Canal, one package freight ter- minal, and one and one-half piers with slip between them owned by the city of Buffalo. Inner harbor: The Buffalo River, City Ship Canal, and connect- ing basins and slips provide facilities for the following: 20 grain elevators, storage capacity 41,698,000 bushels, with modern appliances for unloading grain from vessels and transfer to cars and canal barges; 4 coal docks, for loading hard coal in vessels, 2 trestles of an obsolete type, 1 belt conveyor, and 1 modern car dumper; 6 ore docks for unloading iron ore from vessels-3 owned by industrial plants manufacturing steel products and cast iron, the other 3, ore transfer docks, owned by railroad companies. There are also 14 merchan- dise wharves, of which 12 are controlled by the trunk lines entering 11714---NG 1930---105 1664 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Buffalo; the other 2 are owned by private parties; also 3 railroad, controlled flour docks. Sixteen minor docks are used for unloading . limestone, sand, gravel, gypsum, and lumber. Passenger and mer- chandise lake transportation companies control or own 3 docks and another is used by summer excursion steamers. There are 5 public docks, 3 of which are owned by the city of Buffalo and 2 by the State of New York. Of the former, the dock at the foot of Main Street is the most important, having a frontage of 200 feet. It is used principally by small dispatch boats and excursion steamers, under regulation and control of the Buffalo city harbor master. The two State docks are part of the New York Barge Canal system and comprise the Erie and Ohio Basins. As a rule the terminals owned or controlled by the railroad and lake transportation companies and grain elevators are open to use on equal terms by water carriers, while those owned by industrial cor- porations or individuals are not. Out of a frontage of 17,100 feet of private property protected by the outer breakwater, completed in 1903, about 4,250 feet is improved with terminal facilities. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th ong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made the develop- ment of water-borne commerce possible in that the channels, de- scribed in paragraph Original condition, have been improved by the deepening of Buffalo River entrance channel and the outer har- bor north entrance, and the creation and deepening of the outer harbor so as to enable the largest bulk freighters of 20 feet draft to make use of the inner harbor, deepened by the city of Buffalo. The outer harbor, formed by a breakwater system, 41/2 miles long, provides safe refuge and anchorage. It is used extensively for anchorage as well as a channel way during the season of navigation and for mooring large lake freighters loaded with grain for winter storage. Improved harbor conditions, commensurate with the con- necting channels of the Great Lakes, have resulted in a material reduction in water-borne freight rates, notably for the bulk com- modities, iron ore, hard coal, grain, and limestone, which represent about 88 per cent of the bulk traffic. Other beneficial effects which have resulted from the improvement have been the establishment of many water-transportation lines, both bulk and package freight, and passenger. Operations and results during fiscal year.-New work: Removal of triangular shoal area between Buffalo River entrance channel and Erie Basin was completed under contract in July, 1929; cost, $27,334.99. Maintenance: Buffalo River entrance channel was re- dredged by Government dipper dredge at a cost of $32,233.15. The concrete parapet on 1,712.2 linear feet of the old breakwater was repaired and resurfaced under contract; cost, $72,483.80. Portions of the south and Stony Point sections of the breakwater were re- paired and reinforced with riprap by Government derrick boat; RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1665 cost, $11,729.03. Damage due to accidental fire on the hopper dredge TVillets Point was repaired in 1929; cost, $33,390. The cost for harbor supervision was $5,098.12. The total cost for the year was $182,269.09, of which $27,334.99 was for new work and $154,934.10 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $99,416.24. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 82 per cent completed. The work completed under the project is the south pier, protecting the entrance to the inner harbor in Buffalo River; dredging and rock excavation to secure a channel 21 feet deep at low-water datum, 180 to 250 feet wide in Buffalo River to inner end of pier, and 250 to 720 feet wide upstream from the pier to and including the " Watson elevator site " at the junction of the Buffalo River and the City Ship Canal, and the formation of an outer har- bor 41/2 miles long, 1,600 feet wide, and 13 to 25 feet deep at low- water datum. The outer harbor is protected by a breakwater system having a total length of 22,404 feet, with entrances near the north and south ends, and consists of the Stony Point Breakwater, 1,602.9 feet long, completed in 1899, to which is attached the south entrance arm, 1,000 feet long, completed in 1914; the south breakwater, 9,989 feet long, completed in 1903; the north breakwater, 2,203.5 feet long, completed in 1901; the old breakwater, 7,608.6 feet long, completed in 1893. There are 9,113 feet of timber crib with concrete super- structure, 363 feet of timber crib with stone superstructure, 4,678 feet of timber crib with stone-concrete superstructure, and 8,250 .feet of rubble mound. The breakwater system was originally 23,604 feet long, but by sale of 1,200 feet of the shore end of the Stony Point Breakwater to the Lackawanna Steel Co. in 1918 it was reduced to its present length. The south pier was completed in 1869 and the sand-catch pier in 1897. The project areas A, B, and G and about 80 per cent of area F in the outer harbor, area D in the entrance channel, and the triangular area have been deepened to 21 feet, and area C in the outer entrance channel to 23 feet at low-water datum. The harbor structures are in good condition, except the sand-catch pier which is not maintained; the concrete superstructure on 1,800 linear feet of the south breakwater which is badly cracked; the ban- quet and lake side precast blocks on 1,712 linear feet of concrete superstructure on old breakwater which are badly cracked and disin- tegrated; and 1,400 linear feet of the concrete banquet on the south pier. Work remaining to complete the project is the deepening of areas, H, I, K, and the southerly end of area F. The controlling depth in harbor and channels is 20 feet at low- water datum. The total cost of the present project to the end of the fiscal year was $1,571,262.10, of which $738,320.03 was for new work and $832,- 942.07 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $2,025,532.30. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as follows: 1666 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 New work: Completion deepening area " F," outer harbor, by U. S. hopper dredge Willeta Point, 16 days, at $750 per day, in July, 1930-- $12, 000. 00 Maintenance: Dredging by U. S. dipper dredge Irondequoit, 45 days, May to June, 1931, at $620, and U. S. hopper dredge WiUets Point, 14 days in July to August, 1930, at $750 per day, and sound- ings before and after dredging------------------------- 40, 000.00 Major repairs to floating plant to June 30, 1931_ __- - -___ 59, 822. 99 Total----- ------------------- --------------------- 99, 822.99 Grand total---- - --------------------------- 111, 822.99 The funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. The dredging of areas H, I, and K authorized by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, should be completed at an early date. Repair and reinforcement of the breakwater and the south pier are necessary to maintaip them in serviceable condition. Main- tenance dredging is required annually. Therefore, funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 as follows: New work: Deepening areas H, I, and K in outer harbor to the project depth of 21 feet, by contract --__------------_---------- $77, 000 Maintenance: Repair and reinforcement of about 1,300 linear feet of concrete superstructure with a stone sea slope on the south section of the breakwater, by contract or by Government plant and hired labor- 125, 000 Repair of banquet and lake side precast footing blocks on 1,712 linear feet of concrete superstructure on old section of break- water, by contract_ __-__-__-- - _____-_ 60, 000 Dredging by Government plant----------------------------- 25, 000 Minor repairs to breakwaters, piers, etc., by United States derrick boat Niagara----------------------- 5, 000 Total --------------------------------------------- 215,000 Grand total -----______------ ------- _ 292, 000 The average cost of maintenance during the past five years was about $122,160. The excess amount now required for maintenance is due to the necessity of repairing and reinforcing the breakwaters and the south pier. Commercial statistics.-The principal commerce of the harbor is wheat and other grains, anthracite, iron ore, pig iron, limestone, manufactured steel, automobiles, petroleum products, sugar, lumber, sand and gravel, and miscellaneous. The grain, coal, iron ore, and pig iron are carried in vessels varying in draft from 18 to 20 feet and the miscellaneous merchandise in pack- age freight vessels with a draft of from 16 to 19 feet. Some miscel- laneous freight is carried in passenger vessels with a draft of from 10 to 16 feet. All commerce makes use of the improvement. Commerce of the New York State Barge Canal is carried in vessels of 8 to 9 foot draft and makes use of a part of the improvement. RIVERS AND HARBORS---BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1667 Comparative statement By lake vessels New York barge canal Total Year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925......----------. 18, 832, 952 412 $612, 742, 1, 999, 060 1, 539, 900 $51, 554, 896 20, 372, 852 $664, 297, 308 1926 ...........----------17, 062, 698 498, 405, 298 1, 367, 021 1,390, 932 69, 107, 684 18, 453, 630 567, 512, 982 1927 .......----------. 19, 397, 150 603, 855, 802 1,068, 467 1, 309, 788 59, 294, 074 20, 706, 938 663, 149, 876 1928.......----------. 21, 005, 518 632, 317, 412 1, 526, 616 1, 772, 311 71, 938, 927 22, 777, 829 704, 256, 339 1929 .......-....19, 110, 322 553, 220, 769 1, 259, 589 1, 677, 554 77, 586, 551 20, 787, 876 630, 807, 320 The decrease in freight traffic for the calendar year 1929 under that of 1928 is due to the decrease in exports and imports of grain. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------- $4, 779, 627.62 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930- ------ ------------ 2, 714, 430. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------7, 494, 057. 62 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 -- _____ 456, 323.62 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 950, 381.24 -7,7------------------ Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930_ .... --......- ____ 19, 584.70 Gross total costs to June 30, 19830___________________ 7, 969, 965. 94 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------- -- __ - 21, 638. 12 Net total expenditures- ............... -__ ---- 7, 948, 327.82 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---- --- __ -_ 111, 822. 99 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--- __- _____ 8, 060, 150. 81 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---- .-.......-. $42,871.98 1,254.11 27,334.99 Cost of maintenance ------------------ $121, 560.36 $124, 273..59 14, 844.83 38, 170. 54 154, 934. 10 Total cost_------_--. -_______ _ 121, 560. 36 124, 273. 59 57, 716. 81 39, 424. 65 182, 269. 09 Total expended_.--___ -_________ 121, 560. 36 124, 273. 59 104, 456. 28 99, 908. 99 99, 416. 24 Allotted .................................---------------------------- 118, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 97, 000.00 146, 000. 00 81, 200. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ $130, 039.23 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-------------------- $50, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929.----------------- __ 31, 200. 00 81, 200. 00 Amount to be accounted for__- ....- ____ 211, 239.23 Gross amount expended --- -------- - __--- 99, 557. 49 Less receipts from sales_- ----------------------- 141. 25 99, 416. 24 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930, ... ._____ 111, 822. 99 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ---------- __ 13, 880. 55 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts-.... ____ 9, 580. 94 93 6414Q Balance available June 30, 1930 ------- ______-____- 88, 361. 50 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 19, 584. 70 1-------------------------- Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--------------107, 946. 20 1668 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Amount (estimated) required to be-- -appropriated for completion - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - of existing project 1 - - - - - - - .$145, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work 1---------------- .----------------------- 77, 000. 00 For maintenance 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 215, 000. 00 - - - - - -- - -- -- - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- Total 292, 000. 00 12. BLACK ROCK CHANNEL AND TONAWANDA HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-The improvement under the above heading comprises those formerly designated by three titles, viz, Lake Erie entrance to Black Rock Harbor and Erie Basin, N. Y., Black Rock Harbor and Channel, N. Y., and Tonawanda Harbor and Niagara River, N. Y. This improvement is essentially that of the upper 131/2 miles of Niagara River, which flows in a northerly direc- tion from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, a distance of about 34 miles. It is the principal drainage outlet of the four upper Great Lakes, whose aggregate basin area is about 248,500 square miles. Its dis- charges at standard low water and standard high water of Lake Erie (570 and 575.11 feet above mean tide at New York) are about 153,000 and 267,000 second-feet, respectively. It is navigable from its source to the upper rapids, 20 miles, and from Lewiston to the mouth, 7 miles. The current is rapid for the upper navigable por- tion, where the average fall is about 0.5 foot per mile. The total fall of the lower 7 miles is 0.5 foot. The intermediate section of the river, consisting of 7 miles of falls and rapids, have a total fall of 315 feet. The average width is about 3,500 feet. The lower limit of the improvement is 10 miles above Niagara Falls and 22 miles from the mouth of the river. Original condition.-The entrance to Erie Basin was originally from 12 to 18 feet deep at low-water datum and 400 to 600 feet wide. Black Rock Channel was originally part of Niagara River. The construction of Bird Island Pier and Squaw Island Dike and a dam and ship lock by the State of New York in the years preceding 1825 formed a harbor separated from Niagara River. At the time of adoption of the present project the harbor was 200 to 700 feet wide and would accommodate vessels of 8 feet draft. Niagara River Channel from Lake Erie to North Tonowanda was obstructed by several reefs and shoals, the minimum depth being about 13 feet at low-water datum, with a minimum channel width of about 200 feet. The water in the harbor between Tonawanda Island and the main- land and in Tonawanda Creek up to the State dam was shoal. Previous projects.-Lake Erie section, none. The original project for Black Rock Harbor and Channel was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1829. The original project for Tonawanda Harbor and Niagara River was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. The cost and expenditures on these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1905 were $58,027.28, all for new work. For further details of previous projects see items 5 and 7, page 1970, of Annual Report for 1915. 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1669 Existing project.-This provides for a channel 21 feet deep from Buffalo Harbor north entrance channel to opposite Sixth Avenue, North Tonawanda, total length 131/2 miles, as follows: 400 feet wide to Erie Basin, Buffalo, a distance of 2,300 feet, suitably widened at the bend, and thence 500 feet wide to the foot of Maryland Street, Buffalo, a distance of 2,190 feet; thence 350 feet wide narrowing to 200 feet wide, 500 feet northwest; and from thence 3.3 miles through Black Rock Channel, generally 200 feet wide, but widened to 240 feet at the curve opposite the foot of Porter Avenue, and widened to 300 feet at the angle immediately south of the International bridge. The project also provides for a ship lock at Bridge Street, for a bridge over the canal at Ferry Street, and for the repair of Bird Island Pier and the towpath wall. From the ship lock the project continues with a channel 400 feet wide in the Niagara River to the natural deep-water pool at the upstream end of Rattlesnake Island, a distance of 3.4 miles, and provides for the removal of 200 feet of the westerly end of Rattlesnake Island Shoal, making a channel 500 feet wide, and a channel 400 feet wide from the down- stream end of the deep-water pool at the Tonawanda waterworks intake crib to the foot of Tonawanda Island opposite Sixth Avenue, North Tonawanda, a distance of 6,300 feet, ending in a turning basin about 1,230 feet long and 1,050 feet wide; and for a channel 16 feet deep and generally 400 feet wide in Tonawanda Inner Harbor, 6,800 feet long, and 16 feet deep and generally 180 feet wide in Tonawanda Creek, 1,400 feet long. The project depths correspond to depths of 20.2 feet above the lock, increasing gradually to 20.4 feet at Tonawanda, and to a depth of 15.4 feet in Tonawanda Harbor, on the Lake Survey Chart Upper Niagara River, Index No. 312. Ordinary fluctuations of water level above the lock are from 3.5 feet above to 0.5 feet below low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations produced by winds and other causes are about 9 feet above to 31/2 feet below that plane. River fluctua- tions gradually decrease to about 77 per cent of fluctuations above the lock when they reach North Tonawanda. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1925, is $6,876,630.93, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $23,000. Description of Black Rock Lock Location: Foot of Bridge Street, Buffalo, N. Y. (in city limits). Dimensions : Feet Length between miter sills---------------- -----------------650 Available length for full width------------------------------625 Width in clear (between fenders) ----------------------------- 68 Depth on miter sills at low water (-2' M. R. L. & M. L. L.)------- 22 Lift--------------------------------------------------- 5. 2 Foundation (lock) : Bedrock. Dam: Fixed. Type of construction: Lock-Concrete walls; steel mitering gates. Dam-The dam consists of Squaw Island and Bird Island Pier lying be- tween the canal and Niagara River. The pier was built of timber cribs filled with stone in 1822-1834, chiefly by State of New York. Cost is unknown. Cost of lock-- ------------------- --- --------------- $1, 037, 213. 20 Approach walls and office storehouse------------------------ 526, 842.53 Total ------------------------------------------- 1, 564, 055. 73 1670 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 11, 1888, provided for the channel in Niagara River (H. Doc. No. 83, 50th Cong., 1st sess.), modified by the act of June 3, 1896, for its deepening to 16 feet and extension to the foot of Tonawanda Island and in Tonawanda Inner Harbor (Annual Report for 1897, pp. 3116-3120); by the act of June 13, 1902, for deepening Tonawanda Creek to 16 feet (H. Doc. No. 143, 56th Cong., 1st sess.); by act of March 3, 1905, for deepening to 21 feet, except Tonawanda Inner Harbor and Creek and main river channel along and to the foot of Tonawanda Island (H. Doc. No. 428, 58th Cong., 2d sess.); and by act of July 27, 1916, for deepening the channel along and to the foot of Tonawanda Island, ending in a turning basin and making consolidated funds available therefor (H. Doc. No. 658, 63d Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the channel in Lake Erie to the foot of Maryland Street (H. Doc. No. 125, 56th Cong. 2d sess.), modified by the act of August 8, 1917, for widening it at the bend and making consolidated funds available thereto; the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the 21-foot channel through Black Rock Canal and for ship lock, bridge, and repair of pier and wall (H. Doc. No. 428, 58th Cong., 2d sess.), modified by the act of September 22, 1922, for widening channel at the foot of Maryland Street (H. Doc. No. 981, 66th Cong., 3d sess.), modified by the act of March 3, 1925, for widening Black Rock Canal imme- diately south of the International bridge and for the removal of the westerly end of Rattlesnake Island Shoal (H. Doc. No. 289, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps are in House Document No. 981, Sixty-sixth Congress, third session, U. S. Lake Survey Charts Nos. 312 and 314, and House Document No. 289, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, provided that no expenditure should be made until the Secretary of War should have satisfactory assurance of the construction of the barge canal proposed by the State of New York. This assurance was furnished and accepted by the Secretary of War November 4, 1905. The river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, made the work authorized by the act subject to the conditions set forth in House Document No. 658, Sixty-third Congress, second session, viz, that the cities of Tonawanda and North Tonawanda, at their own expense, lower their waterworks intake pipes in the bed of Niagara River. The work was completed in December, 1919, and accepted by the Chief of Engineers March 5, 1920. Work for the benefit of the public has been done with funds sup- plied by other sources than Congress, as follows: Between 1823 and 1907 the State of New York expended various sums for dredging Black Rock Harbor, construction of ship lock, extension of Bird Island Pier, and construction of wall between harbor and Erie Canal; expenditures estimated at $1,000,000. By letters patent dated July 25, 1905, the State of New York granted to the United States such lands and structures as were necessary for the construction and maintenance of the canal and lock. The city of Buffalo in 1912 lowered and reconstructed the Buffalo trunk sewer across Black Rock Canal at Albany Street, at a cost of about $100,000. RIVERS AND HARBORs--BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 161 The city of Buffalo contributed, $28,700 toward. the cost of the lift bridge across the channel at Ferry Street and expended $1,200 on repairs to the Bird Island Pier and Dock at the foot of Ferry Street. Terminal facilitie.-There are no terminals along the canalized channel above the Black Rock Lock. Transfer of freight takes place across the towpath to commercial plants on the east side, consisting of one grain mill at the foot of Albany Street, one factory at the foot of Ferry Street, two wall-plaster mills, one at the foot of Brecken- ridge Street and the other at the foot of West Delevan Avenue, one grain mill and malting house, foot of Brace Street, one sand and gravel yard at the foot of Bird Avenue, one car-wheel foundry at the foot of Forest Avenue, and a gasoline fueling station, foot of Wayne Street, Buffalo. Transfer from boats is feasible by revolving defricks with buckets and slings, hoisted and swung over the towpath, except at the eleva- tors, where movable grain spouts overhang the towpath. Transfer is insignificant, except at the sand yard. The city of Buffalo uses frontage at the old Massachusetts Street waterworks pumping station, and owns frontage at the Porter Avenue waterworks pumping station (part leased to the Buffalo Yacht Club) and used only for small-boat landings. It also owns a pier at the foot of Georgia Street. Under permit of the Secretary of War dated June 23, 1913, the northerly 2,950 feet of Bird Island Pier and adjacent area was turned over to the city of Buffalo for occupation and use as a public park and landing facilities, that part of the pier to be maintained by the city. Under this permit the city constructed two bulkheads, one immediately south and the other immediately north of Ferry Street along the easterly limit of the area occupied under the permit. In addition the bulkhead in Niagara River, 815 feet along the west- erly limit of the area south of Ferry Street and 1,786 feet north of Ferry Street has been completed. Total cost, $552,525. Along the easterly bank of the Niagara River, below the Black' Rock Lock, the terminals consists of the following: American Radia- tor Co., machine-tool department, formerly the Buffalo Copper Smelting Works; three sand and gravel yards, one at the foot of Hamilton Street, one at the foot of Austin Street, the third at the foot of Hertel Avenue, Buffalo; one lumber yard (dock in decayed condition); and a blast-furnace dock on Rattlesnake Island, 4 miles below the lock, all used exclusively by the owners thereof. At Tonawanda and North Tonawanda the terminal facilities con- sist of wharves along the river frontage extending one-fourth mile above and 2 miles below Tonawanda Creek; also all of the 13/4 miles of water front of Tonawanda Island, of the main shore of North Tonawanda, and the water front to Tonwanda Creek from its mouth to the Webster-Main Street highway bridge, a distance of 1,400 feet. There are 20 lumber docks, 2 sand and gravel docks, 1 ore dock, 1 pulpwood dock, 1 fueling dock, 1 passenger dock, landing for excur- sion boats, and the Paper Board Corporation's dock. The ore dock, sand and gravel, and fueling docks are equipped with unloading machinery, but the other docks have no such appliances. All wharves have railroad connections, are owned by the com- panies using them, and are open to all water carriers which are suit- able and chartered for the traffic. 1172 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY: 193 80 There are also two State docks which are part of the New York Barge Canal system, one in North Tonawanda, the other in Tona- wanda on opposite sides of Tonawanda Creek. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) These terminal facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The waterway as described in the para- graph Original condition has been improved so that a safe channel is provided for the largest deep-draft vessels around the rapids at the head of Niagara River, with an approach channel from the main Buffalo Harbor entrance channel and an adequate canal and ship lock, thus providing deep-water navigation to Tonawanda and the terminus of the New York State Barge Canal. Use by larger and deeper draft vessels has resulted'in reduction in water-borne freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-New work: Widening of the channel opposite the foot of Maryland Street, Buffalo, was begun under contract in June, 1930, cost $567.75. The rubble mound end to Bird Island Piers was completed by the derrick boat Niagara, at a cost of $2,839.66. Maintenance: Dredging in Black Rock Channel by Government plant; cost $8,796.20. Cost for soundings and harbor supervision, $3,884.95. A storage warehouse was built at the Black Rock Lock at a total cost of $27,030.09, all of which was charged to " plant, materials, etc." The total cost for the year was $16,088.56, of which $3,407.41 was for new work and $12,681.15 for maintenance. The total expendi- ture was $45,491.21. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 88 per cent completed. The channel from Buffalo Harbor north entrance chan- nel to opposite Sixth Avenue, North Tonawanda, is completed, ex- cept the widening opposite the foot of Maryland Street. The dif- ferent sections of this channel were completed as follows: Lake Erie section in 1909, widened at the bend opposite foot of Georgia Street, Buffalo, in 1924; Black Rock Canal section in 1915, widened just south of the International Bridge at Buffalo in 1928; Niagara River section from lock to deep-water pool above Tonawanda in 1913 and the removal of 200 feet of the westerly end of Rattlesnake Island Shoal in 1928. The Tonawanda Creek Channel was completed in 1902, except the upstream 150 feet, inaccessible because then under low fixed bridges. Tonawanda Inner Harbor Channel was com- pleted in 1904. The lock, including wing walls and retaining walls above the lock, was completed in 1914, and the 100-foot east wing wall extension in 1927. The guide pier connecting with the west lower wing wall was completed in 1916. The bridge at Ferry Street was completed in 1914, the Ferry Street storehouse in 1923, and the lock-operating houses and office-storehouse in 1924, and the storage- warehouse in 1930. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is deepen- ing Lake Erie entrance channel opposite Georgia Street, Buffalo; widening the channel opposite Maryland Street, Buffalo; repair of towpath wall and complete the excavation of upstream 150 feet of Tonawanda Creek Channel. Widening the channel opposite Mary- land Street, Buffalo, is now in progress. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1673 Structures are all in good condition except the towpath wall and low part of Bird Island Pier, which requires frequent repairs. The controlling depths at low-water datum are: Lake Erie section and Black Rock Canal, 18 feet; Niagara River Channel, 18 feet; Tonawanda Harbor, 16 feet; and Tonawanda Creek Channel, 13.5 feet. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $6,345,275.38, of which $6,067,662.05 was for new work and $277,613.33 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $6,448,452.22. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as follows: New work: Complete deepening triangular area at foot of Maryland Street, Buffalo, N. Y., by contract, July to September, 1930_--------- $85, 000. 00 Maintenance: Replacement of about 298 linear feet of retaining wall, east side of upstream approach to Black Rock Lock, by contract, October, 1930, to May, 1931___--____---------------- 60, 000. 00 Dredging by U. S. dipper dredge Irondequoit, July, 1930, and June, 1931------------ ------- 30, 000. 00 Harbor supervision, annual examinations, and contingencies to June 30, 1931--------- ------------------------------ 9, 798. 98 Total --------------------------------------------- 99, 798. 98 Grand total------------------------ 184, 798. 98 The funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. Repair-and reinforcement of the low section of Bird Island Pier is necessary to maintain it in safe condition. Dredging is required annually. Therefore, funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as follows: Maintenance : Repair and reinforcement of about 3,200 linear feet of the low sec- tion of Bird Island Pier, by Government plant and hired labor___ $10, 000 Dredging by Government plant- --- __ __-_______ 22, 000 Total ------------------------ 32, 000 The average cost of maintenance during the past five years was about $24,660. The excess amount now required for maintenance is due to the necessity of repairing and reinforcing the Bird Island Pier. Commercial statistics.-The principal commerce of the harbor is lumber, limestone, pulpwood, and iron ore. Lumber is carried in vessels drawing 14 to 16 feet, and limestone and ore in vessels draw- ing 18 to 20 feet. All commerce makes use of the improvement. Comparative statement Year Short tons Value Passengers Year Short tons Value Passengers 1925 ------ --- 504, 752 $4, 185, 885 4, 456 1928--..... --- 437, 692 $1, 688, 475 3, 166 1926 -- - 452, 968 2, 591, 370 3, 572 1929... - -567, 305 4, 084, 390 2, 634 1927 .... 557, 483 2, 782, 846 3, 351 1674 REPORT OF CHIEF OF NGINEERS,. U S. SARMY, 1930 The increase in freight traffic for the calendar year 1929 over that of 1928 is due to the increase in both receipts of iron ore and lime- stone and shipments of pig iron and paper. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------------$6, 125, 689. 33 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 -------------- -_____ 277, 613. 33 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 --- ____ 6, 403, 302. 66 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---------- 103, 314. 61 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ------- ------------------ 6, 506, 617. 27 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 -------------------------- 137. 77 Net total expenditures 6, 506 479. 50 __--------------------------- Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ---------------------------- 184, 798. 98 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-----------__ 6, 691, 278.48 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---.........-------------------------------------------- $163,588.93 $70, 388.72 $3, 407.41 Cost of maintenance_.------------------ $19, 364.74 $48, 206. 68 7, 747. 08 16, 595. 00 12, 681. 15 Total cost-. __.---------------------- 19, 364. 74 48, 206.68 171, 336.01 86,983.72 16, 088. 56 Total expended--_ --------------------- 19, 364. 74 48, 206. 68 138, 940.43 104, 491.41 45, 491.21 Allotted--.......------------------------- 143, 000. 00 82, 000. 00 73, 000. 00 62, 500. 00 138, 800. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 -- ----------------_____ $91, 490. 19 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-------------------------$20, 000. 00. Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930 --------------------------------------- 156, 000. 00 176, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for--------------------------- 267, 490. 19 Deductions on account'of revocation of allotment----____________ 37, 200. 00 Net amount to be accounted for_-------- ____________ 230, 290. 19 Gross amount expended-____-- -______________________ _ 45, 491. 21 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-- 1-------------------84, 798. 98 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1'930---------------------------- 470. 09 Balance available June 30, 1930-----------------------184, 328.89 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 724, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1- -- - - -- - 30, 1932, for maintenance _ __ _________________ _ 32, 000. 00 13. OPERATING AND CARE OF BLACK ROCK CANAL AND LOCK AND FERRY STREET BRIDGE, BUFFALO, N. Y. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Black Rock Channel and Tonawanda Harbor, N. Y. See pages 1668 to 1674, where general information can be found. The work carried on is the operation and maintenance of the lock and the Ferry Street Bridge. The lock has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriations since August 17, 1914, and the bridge since July 9, 1914. 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS---BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1675 Recommended modifications of project.-None. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The lock was in con- tinuous operation 294 days, and in operation during the day only for 66 days. The lock was closed from March 8 to 12, 1930, for underwater cleaning and repairs. The Ferry Street Bridge was in continuous operation 265 days, and during the day only for 100 days. The signal station at the foot of Genesee Street, Buffalo, N. Y., was maintained throughout the year except from December 14, 1929, to April 30, 1930. Minor repairs were made to the towpath wall. Breaks in Bird Island Pier were repaired with derrick boat Niagara and hired labor. During the fiscal year a total of 10,345 vessels, including motor boats and barges, passed through the locks in 5,279 lockages. The Ferry Street Bridge was lifted 4,629 times. The total cost for the fiscal year was $81,517.45; expenditure $80,258.77. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The work done consisted in the operation and maintenance of the Black Rock Canal and Lock and Ferry Street Bridge. The structures are all in good condition ex- cept about 300 linear feet of steel sheet pile retaining wall at upstream approach of lock which is considered unsafe and will be replaced during the fiscal year 1931. The controlling depth in the canal at the end of the fiscal year was 18 feet at low-water datum, and the ordinary fluctuations of water surface are about 31/2 feet; extreme fluctuations in lake 9 feet above and 3 feet below, and at lock 7 feet above and 2 feet below that plane. The total cost to the end of the fiscal year was $1,068,450.94. The total expenditure from the indefinite appropriation was $1,062,954.59. Proposed operations.-The lock and Ferry Street Bridge will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent in- definite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The freight traffic passing through the Black Rock Canal is cargoes in transit to and from Tonawanda, New York Barge Canal and Buffalo plants located below the lock. In addition there is a considerable northbound local traffic of sand and gravel. Comparative statement Year Short tons Value Passengers Year Short tons Value Passengers 1925----....... 3, 852, 412 $61, 667, 527 12, 445 1928.... ..---------4, 037, 705 $77, 357, 082 8,307 1926 -....... 2, 852, 640 74, 429, 143 11,657 1929....... _ 4,176,682 86, 951,427 7,081 1927----...... 3, 731, 317 66, 905, 373 9, 651 NoTE.-The commerce reported above pertains to Buffalo Harbor or Tonawanda Harbor and is separated and reported under the appropriate harbor. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-_____ --------_ _ ____ $1, 068, 450. 94 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ____- ---- _________ 5, 496. 35 Net total expenditures __________--------------- 1, 062, 954. 59 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 _-_.---- ------------ - 16, 824. 99 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 1, 079, 779. 58 1676 REiPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.------ ---- --- --- - - - - - -................. Cost of maintenance-------------------- $82,808.07 $52,184.71 $62,452.35 $82,216.69 $81, 517.45 total expended--....--------------------- 82, 808.07 52, 184. 71 68,086.48 78,077. 13 80, 258. 77 Allotted.---------------------------- 71, 000.00 74,000. 00 45, 000. 00 78, 000. 00 92, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 .......-- ---- ___..__.____ $5, 083. 76 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909_-_ 92, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for------------------- 97. 083. 76 Gross amount expended----------------......... $80, 276.37 Less ] receipts from sales-__-- _ ________________- 17. 60 80, 258. 77 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ----------------- 16, 824.99 Outst: anding liabilities June 30, 1930------ 6, 900. 10 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------- 9, 924. 89 Amou nt allotted for fiscal year 1931 ..-- _------------ 70, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931- 924. 89 7__-----------79, 14. NIAGARA RIVER, N. Y. Location and description.-For description of Niagara River see report on Black Rock Channel and Tonawanda Harbor, N. Y. The part of the river included in this project is that extending from North Tonawanda, 131/2 miles from Lake Erie, to Niagara Falls, a distance of 71/2 miles. The lower limit of the improvement is about 16 miles from the mouth of the river. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 312.) Original condition.-This portion of the river was obstructed by shoals and scattered bowlders, the depth over shoals being about 9 feet and the minimum channel width about 130 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, and modified by river and harbor acts of August 18, 1894, and June 25, 1910. The cost and expendi- tures prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1912 were $68,507.24, all for new work. (For further details of previous projects see page 1970 of Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep and 300 feet wide in the east channel from the downstream end of the existing 21-foot channel opposite Sixth Avenue, North Tonawanda, to the upstream end of the 12.7-foot channel near the Niagara Falls waterworks intake crib; and for a channel 12.7 feet deep and from 300 to 400 feet wide from the Navy Island Channel (natural) to the foot of Sugar Street, Niagara Falls, N. Y. The project depths are referred to the sloping river surface when Lake Erie is at low-water datum, elevation 570.8 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. The project depths correspond to depths 11.5 feet and 12.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart, Upper Niagara River, Index No. 312. Ordinary fluctuations of water level are from 2 feet above to low-water datum, RIVERS AND HARBORS---BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1677 and extreme fluctuations, produced by wind and other causes, are from 5 feet above to 1 feet below that plane. The project also provides for the construction of compensating works just above the contracted section of the river at Fort Erie, this work forming a part of the project for deeper channels in the con- necting waters of the Great Lakes, as authorized by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 253, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1930, is $1,616,600, including $27,562.50 contributed by local interests, and $700,000 for compensating works, but exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate of cost of annual maintenance is $9,000, of which $5,000 is for maintenance of the compensating works. The existing project was authorized by the following, river and harbor acts: The act of July 25, 1912, provided for the channel 12.7 feet deep from the Navy Island Channel and widening and deepen- ing to 12.7 feet of the Niagara Falls waterworks channel from the intake crib to the foot of Sugar Street (H. Doc. No. 549, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the 12-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 289, 71st Cong., 2d sess.) and for the com- pensating works (H. Doc. No. 253, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps are in the Annual Report for 1915, page 3306, Lake Survey Chart No. 312, and in the last two mentioned documents. Recomimended modifcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, required local interests to contribute 50 per cent of the cost of con- struction work, or $27,562.50. This condition was complied with, the necessary amount having been deposited on March 1, 1915. Terminal facilities.-Those between North Tonawanda and Ni- agara Falls are confined to two docks-one at the foot of Sugar Street, 353 feet long, owned by the Empire Builders Supply Co., and reserved for their private uses, and the other at the foot of Iroquois Street, 204 feet long, owned by the Niagara Falls Power Co., open to all water carriers on equal terms of rental. There are no public docks. These facilities are considered adequate for the small amount of existing commerce. Additional terminal facilities will be required under modification of project adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The water-borne commerce has been bene- fited by the improvement of the river, mainly in the deepening of the channel from the Canadian Channel at Navy Island to the city of Niagara Falls, N. Y., used prior to 1918 mainly for the receipt of pulpwood brought down the Canadian Channel in canal-size lumber barges. This traffic has since been discontinued. The im- provement, while of benefit tQ sand and gravel suction dredges, scows, canal boats, and excursion steamers of light draft, has not materially affected water-borne freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No field operations. The cost for harbor supervision was $558.33, chargeable to main- tenance. The expenditure was $558.33. 1ii78 REPORT OF CHIEF OF E1TGINEERS, U. S.- ARMY, 193 0 Condition at end of ffocal year.-The project is about 6 per cent completed. The channel from Tonawanda to the Niagara Falls waterworks intake has been completed to the previous project depth of 10.6 feet at low-water datum for its full width of 200 feet, but this has shoaled, so in 1928 its controlling depth was only 9.7 feet for- a least width of 150 feet at Cayuga Island Reef. The project chan- nel from the natural Navy Island Channel to the foot of Sugar Street has been completed, except for ledge rock in the downstream 500 feet of Schlossers Channel and for scattered bowlders over the remainder. The work remaining to be done is the removing of scattered bowlders from the channel and deepening to 12.7 feet of 500 feet of the downstream end of Schlossers Channel; and widening to 300 feet and deepening to 12 feet a channel in the east branch of the river from Sixth Avenue, North Tonawanda to the Niagara Falls water- works intake crib. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $34,055.26, of which $29,055.26 was for new work and $5,000 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $34,055.26. In addition, $27,562.50 was expended from contributed funds for new work. Proposed operations.-No funds available. Shoaling in the cross channel and the Schlossers channel is occur- ring to such an extent that it is interfering with the gravel and barge traffic. Restoration of the project depth in the used portion of these channels is necessary. Therefore, the sum of $a,000 can be profit- ably expended during the fiscal year 1932 in dredging and remov- ing bowlders by U. S. derrick boat Niagara. No maintenance work has been done on this project during the past five years. The amount now required is needed to restore the channel to serviceable condition. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-These statistics pertain to the port of Niagara Falls, N. Y. All commerce, except local sand and gravel, is carried in canal barges from the east through the New York State Barge Canal to Tonawanda and then by Niagara River to Niagara Falls. The commerce consists of phosphate rock, chrome ore by Barge Canal, and sand and gravel from Niagara River. The draft of all vessels is 9 feet or less. All commerce makes use of the im- provement. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925 -....--.----------- . 178,553 $178, 553 1928-------------------- 163, 933 $1,040,365 1926 ..... _______--------- 152, 601 608, 610 1929- -------------- 183, 974 1, 788, 306 1927--- 178, 217 1, 070,164 The increase in freight traffic for the calendar year 1929 over that of 1928 is due to the increased receipts of sugar, phosphate rock, and chrome ore. RIVERS AND HARBORS--BRUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1679 Cost and ftnanoiat~ ammaU Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ ------------------------ $97, 562. 50 Cost of maintenance to June 80, 1980----------------------- 5, 000.00 &otal cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 102, 562. 50 Net total expenditures------------------------------102, 562. 50 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------------ ---- _ 102, 562.50 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work---------- ------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance-------------------- $21.00 $639.73 $406.40 $387. 69 $558.33 Total expended-.. ----------------------- 21. 00 639. 73 406.40 691. 60 558.33 Allotted ---------------------- ------------------------------- ---------- ------------ Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------ ----- $558. 33 Gross amount expended_ _-558..33 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_----------------------------------------_ 1, 560, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance ------------------------------------ 9, 000. 00 15. HARBOR AT OLCOTT, N. Y. Location and description.-This harbor consists of a pier-protected channel way, 1,500 feet long and 98 to 180 feet wide, in the mouth of Eighteen Mile Creek, on Lake Ontario, 18 miles east of the mouth of Niagara River and 63 miles by water west of Rochester (Charlotte) Harbor, N. Y. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 2.) Original condition.-There was a depth of about 3 feet over the bar at the mouth of the creek, width unknown. Eighteen Mile Creek was navigable for a distance of about 800 feet. Previous project.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1867, and was modified by approval of the Chief of Engineers June 18, 1891. The cost and expenditures under this project prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1913 were $179,169.05, of which $140,209.86 was for new work and $38,959.19 for maintenance since 1887. For further details of previ- ous projects see page 1971 of Annual Report for 1915. Ewisting project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep and 140 feet wide from the lake to the inner ends of parallel timber crib piers about 200 feet apart, the west pier to be 873 feet long and the east pier 850 feet long, and the maintenance of the west pier for a period of five years. This expired in 1918. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake On- tario, elevation 244.5 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to depth 101/2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of the locality. Ordinary fluctua- tions of water surface are from 4 feet above to low-water datum, and fluctuations, due to wind, are small. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1912, was $3,000, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects, only one-half 1 In addition the sum of $27,562.50 was expended from contributed funds. 11714---Ga 1930----106 180 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 of which is to be borne by the United States. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1867, provided inferentially for the piers and channel 11 feet deep (Annual Report for 1866, Pt. III, p. 15, and Pt. IV, pp. 158 and 159), and the act of March 4, 1913 provided for the channel 12 feet deep and 5-year maintenance ol the west pier (H. Doc. No. 780, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). This document contains the latest published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, required a contribution of $1,500 toward the channel excavation by the Buffalo, Lockport & Rochester Transit Co., the maintenance by that company of the portion of the channel adjacent to the part of the east pier occupied by them under a War Department permit, and the repair of any damage to the east pier done by them or on account of their occupation of the pier. The conditions have been complied with. Local interests have expended about $10,000 since August, 1925, replacing old timber superstructure on east pier with concrete and dredging in the channel. The sum of $5,000 was contributed in 1928 by local interests toward the cost of replacing old timber super- structure on west pier with concrete. Terminal facilities.-None, except that the United States east pier is used during the summer season for landing of small pleasure craft. Prior to 1915 passenger boats and others carrying small amounts of merchandise landed at the east pier. All commerce stopped during the war. Under revocable permit, dated December 8, 1922, Capt. K. Hedley is occupying and using as a landing place for pleasure-boat- ing parties part of the United States east pier, near its inner end. The facilities are considered adequate for any prospective com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Such commerce as existed at this harbor prior to 1915 was made possible by the deepening of Eighteen Mile Creek at its mouth to 12 feet where the original depth in the entrance channel was only 3 feet. There has been practically no freight or passenger traffic since 1914, and revival is not probable. Operations and results during fiscal year.--A concrete deck was placed on 193 linear feet of the east pier under contract, completing the concrete superstructure on this pier, cost $3,421.49. Repairs to west pier by replacing 185 linear feet of old timber superstructure with concrete was continued under contract. At the end of the month the work had been completed except removal of forms and cleaning up. Cost $11,012.38. The total cost for the year was $14,433.87, all for maintenance. The expenditure was $13,152.20. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1918 at a saving of $1,500 under the estimated cost. The project channel was completed in 1913; the piers were completed in 1873. The wooden superstructure has been replaced with concrete on 614.6 feet of the west pier and 703 feet of the east pier completed RIVERS AND HARBORS -BUFFALO, N. Y.1 DISTRIC1 1681 in 1930. The portions of the piers having concrete superstructure are in good condition. The remainder of the piers are at the inner ends shoreward of the shore line and are regarded as not required for harbor protection. The channel was dredged by local interests in 1926 and 1927. The present controlling depth is 8 feet at low-water datum. The total cost to the United States of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $39,574.82, all for maintenance. The total expenditure was $37,083.17. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, $12,916.83, will be applied to completion of replacement of old timber superstructure on west pier with concrete, under existing contract, July, 1930. No operations are contemplated during the fiscal year 1932, and no funds can be profitably expended. Conmercial statistics.-There has been no commerce since 1915. Cost and finaoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ----------------------- $140, 209.86 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 78, 534.01 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-----------218, 743. 87 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930_ ---- ______-___ -___ 286. 17 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930__----------------_ 219, 030. 04 Miinus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------ 2, 777. 82 Net total expenditures---------------------------- 216, 252.22 Unexpended. balance June 30, 1930-------------------------- 12, 916. 83 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------------ 229, 169. 05 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new-work ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------- Cost of maintenance----------- _-----------$10, 000. 00 $8, 140. 95 $14,433.87 Total expended----------------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 6, 930. 97 13, 152. 20 Allotted---------------------------------- ------------------------ 10, 000. 00 15, 000. 00 18, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ---------------------------- $8, 069. 03 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929----------- - ---------------------- 18, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for- - _ --- _ _------ 26, 069.03 Gross amount expended---- ------------------------------- 13, 152. 20 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------- 12, 916.83 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------------------------- 10, 236. 57 Balance available June 30, 1930 -- __ _- ----- _-_-----. Accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------------ 2, 680. 26 286. 17 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--------------- 2, 966. 43 1 In addition the sum of $5,600 was expended from contributed funds. 1-682 REPORT :OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 16. ROCHESTER (CHARLOTTE) HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.--This harbor is on Lake Ontario at the mouth of the Genesee River, 80 miles by water east of the mouth of the Niagara River and 59 miles by water west of Oswego Harbor, N. Y. It consists of a pool at the mouth of the river about 5 miles long and 250 to 450 feet wide with a pier-protected entrance channel from the lake. Charlotte became a ward of the city of Rochester, N. Y., on January 1, 1916. (See U. S. Lake Survey Charts Nos. 2 and 241.) Original condition.-Vessels of more than 8-foot draft could not cross the bar between the lake and the pool. The original width of channel across the bar is unknown. The river was navigable to the upper end of the pool, a distance of about 5 miles from its mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1829, and modified by the river and har- bor act of August 2, 1882, and by authority of the Chief of Engi- neers on July 18, 1896, and March 2, 1897. The cost and expendi- tures under these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910 were $865,322.95, of which $247,793.88 was for new work and $617,529.07 for maintenance since 1840. For further de- tails of previous projects see page 1971 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 20 feet deep and 200 feet wide lakeward of and 150 feet wide between parallel piers of the timber-crib type with concrete superstructure, about 450 feet apart, from the lake to the pool at the mouth of the Genesee River, so as to be at all times available for vessels drawing 18 feet, the west pier to be 3,616 feet long and the east pier 3,109 feet long. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake On- tario, elevation 244.5 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to depth 181/2 feet on the Lake Survey Chart No. 241. Ordinary fluctuations of water surface are from 4 feet above to low-water datum, and fluctuations due to winds are small. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1910, was $31,680, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $17,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1829, provided inferentially for construction of the piers and a channel 12 feet deep (Annual Report for 1874, p. 247), modified by the act of August 2, 1882, for exten- sion of piers and deepening channel to 15 feet (Annual Report for 1881, p. 2437), by authority of the Chief of Engineers, March 2, 1897, to obtain and maintain a channel not more than 16 feet deep at low water, 200 feet wide (Annual Report for 1897, p. 3270); and by the act of June 25, 1910, for the channel 20 feet deep (H. Doc. No. 342, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); concrete superstructure on piers authorized under maintenance by the Chief of Engineers in 1905 (Annual Report for 1905, p. 2393). The latest published maps are in House Document No. 1109, Sixty-fifth Congress, second session, and Lake Survey Chart No. 241. Recomwended modifications of proect.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Work has been done for the benefit -of the public with funds supplied by other sources RIVERS AND HARBOBS---BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRIOT 1683 than Congress, as follows: Dredging by the city of Rochester, total cost, $75,462.51, and dredging by corporations and. private parties, cost, $47,044.15. The city has also constructed a municipal wharf at a cost of $50,488.91, which is used principally as a passenger terminal. Terminal facilities.-Those on the west side of the Genesee River 3 are: One trestle, for the shipment of soft coal, located about miles inside the harbor entrance; one car-ferry slip immediately below the coal trestle for the transfer of railroad cars to ferryboats; one wharf adjoining the car-ferry slip for unloading feldspar from vessel to car; a railway passenger and freight wharf, about 1,000 feet long, located 1 mile inside the harbor entrance; one passenger and freight wharf for lake steamers, using part of the inner end of the east United States pier; and one passenger wharf for small excursion and ferryboats, using part of the west pier, both being under permits. On the east side of the river, opposite the New York Central Rail- road wharf, there is a sand wharf. Generally the wharves are pri- vately owned, but are open to all chartered water carriers on equal terms, and all have railroad connections, except that located on the inner end of the west pier. The coal trestle is equipped with a modern car dump, and the sand wharf is equipped with a revolving crane for unloading sand from boats and loading it into cars. The other terminals do not have modern facilities for handling freight. There are no public docks. These facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made the commer- cial development of Charlotte Harbor possible, in that it has changed the entrance to Genesee River, as stated in the paragraph Original condition, so as to increase the admissible draft of vessels from 8 to 19 feet. Use of larger and deeper draft vessels has resulted in reduc- tion in water-borne freight rates. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-The U. S. hopper dredge Willets Point restored the channel to project depth in May-June, 1930, cost $15,167.20. The cost for harbor supervision was $201.32. The total cost for the year was $15,368.52, all for maintenance. The expenditure was $27,787.64. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913, at a saving of $9,872 under the estimated cost. The piers were completed in 1895 and the dredging in 1913. The wooden superstructure has been replaced with concrete on 2,699 feet of the east pier and 3,036 feet of the west pier. The portions of the piers having concrete superstructure are in good condition, except that about 300 linear feet of the concrete superstructure on west pier is badly cracked and has settled from 3 to 12 inches, and about 500 feet more is cracked but has not settled. The remaining 580 feet at the inner end of the west pier shoreward of the shore line are gone above water and are regarded as not required for harbor protection. Of the remaining 410 feet at the inner end of the east pier, 326 feet at the southerly end are maintained temporarily by the New York Naval Militia and city of Rochester and the 84 feet next north by the Chain Ferry Co. The channel is unstable and requires annual redredging 1684 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 to maintain project depths. The controlling depth in the channel between deep water in Lake Ontario and deep water in the Genesee River, above the inner ends of the piers, is 20 feet at low-water datum. The total cost under the existing project was $273,578.62, of which $21,808.10 was for new work and $251,770.52 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $273,718.64. Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied to maintenance work as follows: Dredging by U. S. hopper dredge Willets Point May-June 1931---- $17, 946. 11 Reinforcement of west pier with riprap by U. S. derrick boat Oswego, July-August 1930--- 2, 000. 00 1--------------------------- Total--------------------- ------------------------- 29, 946. 11 The funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. Maintenance dredging is required annually. Therefore, the ad- ditional sum of $16,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 in maintenance dredging by U. S. hopper dredge Willets Point. Commercial statistics.-The principal general lake commerce of the harbor is the shipment of coal. Canadian car ferries operate be- tween Rochester and Cobourg, Ontario, Canada, and carry hard and soft coal, pulpwood, feldspar, lumber, photographic apparatus, salt, iron and steel products, and miscellaneous freight. The draft of the general lake vessels is from 16 to 18 feet and of the car ferries 14 to 16 feet. All commerce makes use of the improvement. Comparative statement By lake vessels By car ferry Calendar year Passengers Short tons Value Short tons Value 1925 --.............--......................... 181, 606 $771, 825 549, 707 $6, 444, 482 94, 625 1926..........................--------------------------------- 244, 790 1, 073, 181 870, 230 8, 598, 445 81, 854 1927_. ...--------------------------------- 359, 551. 1, 505, 596 691, 040 7, 288, 808 88, 832 1928... ------- ----------------------- _ 784, 669 3, 416, 115 736, 649 7, 426, 491 81, 980 1929--.... -.--.---.-._- _ ...--- .---..-. . - 782, 848 3, 144, 602 854, 829 17, 328, 314 81,084 The decrease in short tons and value of general lake commerce is due principally to decreased internal shipments of bituminous coal. The increase in tonnage and value of car-ferry traffic is due to increased receipts of lumber, newsprint papers, feldspar, and mis- cellaneous merchandise; and increased shipments of bituminous coal, iron and steel products, photographic apparatus, rags, glassware, lubricating oils, and miscellaneous merchandise. Cost and financial sumlma1ry Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------- --------- $269, 601.98 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 869, 299. 59 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-----------_ 1, 138, 901. 57 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------- 140. 02 Net total expenditures_.------------ 1, 139,041.59 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 -------------- 29, 946.11 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 1, 168, 987. 70 RIVERS AND HARBORS---BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1685 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---------------------- ------ Cost of maintenance------------ -------- $22,024.28 $16,655.19 $17,003.53 $14,966.92 $15, 368.52 Total expended. .-----------------------22, 024. 28 16, 655.19 15, 719. 67 3, 625. 89 27, 787. 64 Allotted..----. . ----------- .-------------- 14,000.00 20,000.00 12,000.00 12,200.00 29,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ---- ---------------- __ $28, 733. 75 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-------------------------- $17,000.00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year .... 12, 000. 00 29, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for--------------------------- 57, 733. 75 Gross amount expended-------------------- ---------------- 27,787.64 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------- --- 29, 946.11 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 975. 68 9------------- Amount covered by uncompleted contracts ------------- 7, 000. 00 7, 975. 68 Balance available June 30, 1930-.-------------------_ 21, 970. 43 Account receivable June 30, 1930------------------------------ 140. 02 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--------------- 22, 110. 45 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 2 for maintenance16,000. 16, 00 17. HARBOR AT GREAT SODUS BAY, N. Y. Location and description.-This is a nearly landlocked bay on'the south shore of Lake Ontario, 29 miles by water west of Oswego Har- bor, N. Y. The bay has a pier-protected entrance channel and is 4 miles long and one-half to 21/2 miles wide, with a depth up to 40 feet. (See U. S. Lake Survey Charts Nos. 2 and 234.) Original conditio.-The bay was nearly landlocked and was separated from the lake by a bar which extended entirely across the entrance, a distance of about 1,150 yards, on which was a limiting sprojects.-The depth of about 6 feet at low water. Previou original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1829, and modified by the river and har- bor act of June 23, 1866. The cost and expenditures under these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1882 were $361,771.80, all for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1972 of Annual Report for' 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 18 feet deep and 150 feet wide between parallel piers, and 250 feet wide in Lake Ontario from deep water in the bay to deep water in Lake Ontario, the piers to be of the timber-crib type, with concrete super- structure, 450 feet apart, the west pier to be 1,580 feet long and the east pier 1,294 feet long, connected at its inner end with a timber- crib concrete breakwater 1,438 feet long. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake On- tario, elevation 244.5 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to depth 1Exclusive of available funds. 1686 REPORT OF CHIEF OF RINGPIr fE3 B. S. ARMY, 1.930 16.5 feet on Lake Survey Chart No. 234. Ordinary fluctuations of water surface are from 4 feet above to low-water datum, and fluctua- tions due to wind are small. The estimated cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $99,190, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest; (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $12,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1829, provided inferentially for the piers and breakwater (Annual Report for 1876, Pt. II, 589), modified in 1833 to provide for a channel 150 feet wide and 15 feet deep (Annual Report for 1874, p. 253), modified in 1882 for extend- ing the piers to the 15-foot contour in the lake (Annual Report for 1881, p. 2442) concrete superstructure on piers and breakwater authorized under maintenance by the Chief of Engineers, March 25, 1907 (Annual Report for 1908, p. 2194), modified by the act of March 3, 1925, to provide for a depth of 18 feet (H. Doc. No. 192, 68th Cong., 1st sess.); and modified further by the act of July 3, 1930, to provide for widening the channel in Lake Ontario to 250 feet (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 17, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 192, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session, and Lake Survey Chart No. 234. Recommended modification of project.-None.. Local oooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, provided that local interests shall dredge and maintain at their own expense a satisfactory channel 18 feet deep from deep water within the bay to the coal terminal. This condition has been complied with. Terminal facilities.-The Pennsylvania Railroad Co. (Northern Central division) owns and operates a trestle for the shipment of hard and soft coal, located on the west side of Great Sodus Bay, 13/4 miles inside the harbor entrance. The railroad company also owns a wharf about 200 feet long, located about five-eighths of a mile northeasterly from the coal trestle, which is known as the Sodus Point lake shore station. It has a small freight house and a derrick and hoisting. engine for unloading freight. The terminals are open to use by all chartered water carriers on equal terms. There are no, public docks. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made the commer- cial development of this harbor possible by providing an entrance channel to the bay of a depth sufficient to accommodate vessels of 17 feet draft, operated in connection with a coal-loading trestle oper- ated by the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. for coal transportation be- tween the harbor and Canadian Lake and St. Lawrence River ports. Use by larger and deeper draft vessels has resulted in reduction in water-borne freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.--The project depth in the channel was restored in June, 1930, by Government hopper dredge at a cost of $4,975.44. Construction of a concrete parapet on the east breakwater was begun in June, 1930, under contract, cost $271.48. Cost for harbor supervision was $75.02. RIVERS AND HARBORS--BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRIOT 1687 The total cost for the year was $5,321.94, all for maintenance. The expenditure was $7,557.55. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 80 per cent com- pleted. The structures are all of the timber-crib type. The super- structure of the piers and 1,438 feet at the west end of the east breakwater have been replaced with concrete. The east breakwater, 1,680 feet, and the west breakwater, 495 feet long, were completed about 1834; the west pier in 1884; the east pier in 1886; and the dredging to the present project depth of 18 feet in 1927. The piers are in good condition, except the lake face of one 80-foot crib in the west pier has breached and has been repaired with "stone riprap. The west breakwater is not maintained. A concrete parapet is being built on 1,065 linear feet of the easterly end of the concrete super- structure on the east breakwater. The work remaining to complete the project is the widening of the channel in Lake Ontario from 150 feet to 250 feet. The controlling depth in the entrance channel at the close of the fiscal year was 18 feet at low-water datum. The channel is unstable and requires annual redredging to maintain the project depth. The total cost under the existing project was $480,726.93, of which $79,196.26 was for new work and $401,530.67 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $480,079.59. Proposed operation.-Thebalance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied to maintenance as follows: Completion of constructing concrete parapet on east breakwater under existing contract, July-August, 1930------------------$14,000.00 Dredging by U. S. hopper dredge Willets Point, June, 1931, and outstanding liabilities for dredging done in June, 1930 --------- 12, 933. 41 Total --------------------------------------------- 26,933.41 The funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. Widening the channel in Lake Ontario from 150 feet to 250 feet, as authorized by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, is considered urgent. Maintenance dredging is required annually. Therefore funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as follows: New work, widening the channel in Lake Ontario from 150 feet to 250 feet by contract, or by Government plant-------------------- $20, 000 Maintenance, dredging by U. S. hopper dredge Willets Point--------- 9, 000 Total ------------------------------------------------ 20,000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the harbor consists in the transshipment of coal, which is carried in vessels of 10 to 17 feet draft. All commerce makes use of the improvement. Comparative statement By lake vessels By lake vessels Calendar year Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1925---------------.- - 266,810 $1,063,973 1928_5--------- -------- 565, 660 $2,288,699 1926 ---. ........... -252, 788 1, 197, 837 1929- _ ------ - 955, 300 3, 821, 575 1927.......----- ........... 202, 430 768, 149 1688 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The increase in freight tonnage for 1929 over that of 1928 is due principally to increased shipments of bituminous coal. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------ $440,908.,06 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------- ------------------- 401, 530. 67 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----- ------ 842, 498. 73 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------------- 647. 34 Net total expenditures ------------------------------- 841, 851. 39 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------- 26, 933.41 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------868, 784. 80 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-.... ....--------------- Cost of maintenance..--------------------- $45, 046. 87 _ $54, 683. 62 . $6, 529. 56 $3, 334. 16 $5, 321.94 Total expended-.-_ ---------------------- 45, 046. 87 54, 683.62 2, 102. 91 -256. 80 7, 557. 55 Allotted..-------- ------------------ 59, 000. 00 12, 500. 00 2, 500. 00 -6, 200. 00 18, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----- -------------------- $16, 490. 96 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------- $10, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930------------------------------------------ 8, 000. 00 18, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------------- 34, 490. 96 Gross amount expended------------------------------------ 7, 557. 55 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------26, 933. 41 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930__--------------------------- 1, 027.96 Balance available June 30, 1930-_------------------------ 25, 905. 45 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project1-- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20, 000. 00 For maintenance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - -- - - 9, 000. 00 - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - - -- -- - - -- - - Total 29, 000. 00 18. HARBOR AT LITTLE SODUS BAY, N. Y. Location and description.-This is a nearly landlocked bay 15 miles by water west of Oswego Harbor, N. Y., 21/4 miles long, one- third to five-eighths mile wide, connected with Lake Ontario by a pier protected entrance channel 2,300 feet long. (See U. S. Lake Survey Charts Nos. 2 and 227.) Original condition.-The bay is 18 to 50 feet deep and was origi- nally connected with the lake by a channel about 150 feet wide and 18 inches deep. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVER AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1689 Previous projects.--The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852, and modified by river and harbor acts of June 23, 1866, and March 3, 1871. The cost and expenditures under these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1882 were $232,327.75, all for new work. For further details of previous project see page 1973 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 151/2 feet deep and 150 feet wide from the lake to the bay between parallel piers of the timber-crib type with concrete superstructure, about 250 feet apart, the west pier to be 1,747 feet long and the east pier 1,810 feet long, connected at its inner end with a timber-crib concrete breakwater, 1,680 feet long. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake On- tario, elevation 244.5 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to depth 14 feet on Lake Survey Chart No. 227. Ordinary fluctuations of water surface are from 4 feet above to low-water datum and fluctua- tions due to wind are small. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1882, was $80,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 30, 1852, provided inferentially for the piers (Annual Report for 1874, p. 256), modified in 1871 to pro- vide for the east pier 250 feet from the west pier and the connecting east breakwater (Annual Report for 1871, p. 234), modified in 1881 to provide for extending the piers to the 15-foot contour in the lake and for a channel 15 feet deep (Annual Report for 1881, p. 2444), modified by the Chief of Engineers August 29, 1898, to restore and maintain the entrance channel 150 feet wide and 151/2 feet deep with- out further extension of the piers for the present (Annual Report for 1899, p. 546), modified by the act of June 13, 1902, to provide for east pier extension of 300 feet (Annual Report for 1901, p. 3564), concrete superstructure on piers and breakwater authorized under maintenance by the Chief of Engineers in 1905 and 1907 (Annual Report for 1905, p. 2397, and for 1907, p. 2121). The latest pub- lished map is in the Annual Report for 1881, page 2446, and Lake Survey Chart No. 227. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. About $6,000 was ex- pended in 1857 by the Ontario Bay Harbor Improvement Association in dredging the channel in amplification of Government dredging. Terminal facilities.-The Lehigh Valley Railroad Co. owns and operates a trestle for the shipment of hard coal, located on the east side of Little Sodus Bay three-fourths of a mile inside the harbor entrance. The railroad company also owns a wharf about 300 feet long located just south of the coal trestle, which is known as the Fair Haven Station. It has no equipment for handling freight of any kind and has not been used for several years. The terminals are open to use by the chartered water carriers on equal terms. There are no public docks. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Mi690 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1930 Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made the commer- cial development of this harbor possible by providing entrance channel to the bay of a depth sufficient to accommodate vessels of 14-foot draft operated in connection with a coal-loading trestle operated by the Lehigh Valley Railroad Co. for coal transportation between the harbor and Canadian lake and St. Lawrence River ports. Use by larger and deeper draft vessels has resulted in reduction in water-borne freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The project depth in the channel was restored in July, 1929, and June, 1930, at a cost of $10,588.16 by the U. S. dredge Willets Point. The work of reinforc- ing the west pier with riprap was begun in May and continued dur- ing the remainder of the fiscal year by U. S. derrick boat Oswtego; cost, $14,137.82. The cost for harbor supervision was $107.59. The total cost was $24,833.57, all for maintenance. The expendi- ture was $15,760.68. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1906 at a saving of $10,934 under the estimated cost. The structures are all of the timber-crib type, the piers and 1,600 feet of the east breakwater having concrete superstructure. The west and east piers were completed in 1886 and 1906, respectively, and the dredging in 1896. The piers and the part of the east breakwater having concrete superstructure are in good condition. The lake face of one crib and both lake and channel faces in a second crib in west pier, each 30 feet long, have been breached and repaired with stone and concrete-block riprap. The lakeward 500 linear feet of the west pier was riprapped in 1930 to reinforce the pier and prevent further breaching. The timber superstructure of the remaining 80 linear feet at the east end of the east breakwater is decayed, but rebuilding is not considered necessary. The west breakwater is buried in sand and not maintained. The controlling depth is 151/2 feet at low-water datum for a channel width of 150 feet. The channel is unstable and requires redredging annually. The total cost under the existing project was $471,346.85, of which $69,066.20 was for new work and $402,280.65 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $461,631. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied to maintenance work as follows: Completion of reinforcement of west pier by U. S. derrick boat Oswego, July, 1930------------------------__ $8, 303.98 Dredging by U. S. hopper dredge Willets Point June, 1931, and out- standing liabilities for dredging done in June, 1930-- ----------- 13, 000. 00 Total------------------------------------------- 21, 303.98 The funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. Maintenance dredging is required annually. Therefore, the sum of $7,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 in maintenance dredging by U. S.hopper dredge Willets Point. Coimmercial stat'stios.-The principal commerce of the harbor is the shipment of anthracite coal, which is carried in vessels of 11 to 15 feet draft. All commerce makes use of the improvement. RIVERS AND HARBORS---BUFFALOP N. Y., DISTRICT 1601 Oomparaoive etatement By lake vessels By lake vessels Calendar year Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1925---------------------- 86, 553 $623, 620 1928..-------------------- 15, 958 $105, 651 1926--------------------- 82, 710 676,487 1929-..................-------------------.... 28, 572 297,159 1927-...--------------- 43,991 128, 453 The increase in 1929 tonnage over that of 1928 is due to increased shipments of anthracite. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------------- $301, 393.95 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--- -------------------- 402, 280. 65 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- 703, 674. 60 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 9, 715. 85 Net total expenditures------------- --------------- 693, 958. 75 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------- -------------- 21, 303.98 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------715, 262. 73 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work-._-- Cost of maintenance----------------------$29,904.97$6, 587.45 $15,376.61 $1, 195. 17 $24, 833.57 Total expended.------------------------- 29, 904. 97 6, 587. 45 18, 588. 03 2, 461. 69 15, 760. 68 Allotted...---------------------------.......--............. -- 8,000.00 8,000.00 8,000.00 7,000.00 26,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 _________ $11, 064. 66 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------------------- $8, 000 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930___ 18, 000 26, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for--_________________________ 37, 064. 66 Gross amount expended ----------------------------------- 15, 760. 68 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 21, 303.98 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts_____________________ 8, 194. 30 Balance available June 30, 1930_____________________ 13, 109. 68 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - 30, 1932, for maintenance 1_______ 7, 000. 00 19. HARBOR AT OSWEGO, N. Y. Location and description.-This harbor, 59 miles by water east of Rochester (Charlotte Harbor), N. Y., comprises now the lower 2,200 feet of the Oswego River, about 350 feet wide, the cove at its mouth, about 1,000 feet long and 200 feet wide, and an outer breakwater- protected harbor in Lake Ontario 5,000 feet long and 600 feet wide. (See U. S. Lake Survey Charts Nos. 2 and 22.) 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1692 REPORT -OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Original condition.-The harbor consisted of the lower part of the river and the cove at its mouth, the latter having no protection against the disturbances from the lake. It was navigable for light- draft boats for a distance of three-fourths of a mile upstream. The original depth and width of the channel are unknown. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1827, and was modified by the river and harbor acts of March 2, 1831; June 23, 1866; July 25, 1868; July 11, 1870; March 3, 1881; September 19, 1890; the sundry civil act of March 3, 1893; and the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894; the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896; the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907; and the act of March 2, 1919. The total costs under these projects prior to the adoption of the present project in 1930 were $2,133,661.58, of which $1,187,977.27 was for new work and $945,684.31 for maintenance since 1881, and the total expenditures were $2,133,661.58. For further details of previous projects, see page 1973 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an outer west breakwater 4,400 feet in length, of stone-filled timber crib substructure and concrete superstructure; and for an arrowhead rubble-mound breakwater sys- tem, west arrowhead breakwater 2,700 feet long, east arrowhead breakwater about 2,200 feet long; for dredging to a depth of 21 feet at low-water datum in areas A, C, D, E, F, G, and W; for dredging: area B to a depth of 16 feet, no dredging to be done within 50 feet of established harbor lines; for removal of a part of the west outer breakwater, the lighthouse pier, and a part of the west inner break- water; for the abandonment of the east inner breakwater; for the elimination from the existing project of the east outer breakwater never constructed; and for the removal of the upper and lower islands in the Oswego River. Work on the project is to be initiated by constructing the breakwater system, by the removal of certain structures specified herein, and by dredging and rock excavation in areas A and C, at an approximate cost of $2,200,000, the remainder of the work not to be undertaken until local interests have given assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers that suitable terminal facilities will be constructed requir- ing the improvements contemplated. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake On- tario, elevation 244.5 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. These depths correspond to depths 191/2 and 141/2 feet on Lake Survey Chart No. 22. Ordinary fluctua- tions of water surface are from 4 feet above to low-water datum, and fluctuations due to wind are small. The estimated cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $4,756,000,. which includes $1,188,000, the cost of that part of outer west break- water included in the existing project. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $33,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 11, 1870, provided inferentially for an outer breakwater to form the outer harbor (Annual Report for 1870, pp. 54, 220, 221), modified by the act of March 2, 1907, for stone nriprap and concrete superstructure under plan (a) (H. Doc. No. 55, 58th Cong., 2d sess.), and further modified by the river and RIVERS AND HARBOR---BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1693 harbor act of July 3, 1930, providing for the other features of the project (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 24, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.- The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, provides that removal of the upper and lower islands in the Oswego River is conditioned upon deeding free of cost to the United States, by local interests, all the land thereon now owned by the city or private interests. Certain portions of the project are not to be constructed until local interests furnish satisfactory assurance that terminals will be constructed requiring the works contemplated (see paragraph Existing project). These conditions have not yet been complied with. Work for the benefit of the public with funds supplied by other sources than Congress has been done as follows: In 1846 and 1847 the east inner breakwater was repaired and a gravel bar at the mouth of the river was removed at the expense of private citizens; cost unknown. In 1852 the maintenance of the east inner breakwater was under- taken by the Gerrit Smith estate, and it has been so maintained to date. In 1855 dredging to deepen the river channel was done by the city of Oswego at an expense of $10,000. Terminal facilities.-The State of New York has built a terminal wharf, 1,000 feet ldng and 150 feet wide, extending from the shore between the lighthouse extension pier and the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad trestle. It has a mooring channel on each side 100 feet wide and 23 feet deep at low water. The cost of the work was $348,684. A second state-owned terminal is located along the east bank of the river from the south side of Cayuga Street to the north side of Seneca Street, about 600 feet long. Terminal facilities now existing, in addition to the two State terminals above mentioned, consist of 2 coal trestles, 1 in the outer harbor, and 1 on the east side of Oswego River, about 20 platform wharves, all but 4 being in the inner harbor, 1 pulpwood wharf in the inner harbor, 1 passenger wharf on the river having a frontage of 200 feet, and 4 public wharves at the ends of public streets, used only for occasional unloading of sand and gravel for public works. In general, all the terminals except the passenger wharf are open to all water carriers on equal terms. Only the coal trestles and the pulpwood wharf are provided with mechanical handling devices. The west side barge canal terminal is equipped with a revolving crane for the transfer of cargo. Physical connection with railroads exist at the following terminals: Inner harbor.-One coal trestle, 4 platform wharves, 1 pulpwood wharf, and the wharves on the west bank of Oswego River from Bridge Street to Cayuga Street. Outer harbor.-One coal trestle, 2 platform wharves, and the west side barge canal terminal. In the outer harbor only 660 feet of the total distance of 4,129 feet available has been improved with terminal facilities up to this time. A large part of these unimproved sections is not served by railroads. (For latest description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 24, 71st Cong., 2d sess.) 194 M EMU_ REPORT OF CHIMOF OENGINEQ S. A.A. 193 0 Effedt s of improvement.---The! new Welland Canal," with a least depth of about 25 feet, will afford navigation for- deep-draft ves. sels between Lake Ontario ports and ports on, the upper Great Lakes, which has heretofore been restricted to about 14, feet. It is believed that the opening of this canal, scheduled for September, 1930, and the contemplated improvements at Oswego Harbor, will result in an appreciable increase in Oswego's water-borne commerce. Operations and results during ftalx year.--The outer breakwater was repaired and reinforced with riprap by Government plant and hired labor; cost $21,448.13. The cost for harbor supervision was $1,933.26. The total cost for the year was $23,381.39 for maintenance. The expenditure was $25,540.60. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 20 per cent completed. Work under the existing project has been the construction of an outer breakwater 6,032 feet long, of which 916 feet is a shore arm at the western end and 246 feet is a return toward the lighthouse pier at the eastern end; deepening by. dredging of the harbor entrance to 23 feet and by dredging and rock removal of the outer harbor to 16 feet at low-water datum, and the inner harbor in the mouth of the Oswego River to 151/2 feet at low-water datum. The structures are of the timber-crib type, the outer breakwater having a heavy riprap protection on lake face, and 4,704 linear feet of its timber super- structure replaced by concrete. The dredged area of the outer harbor- between the outer breakwater and the harbor line is about 30 acres in extent. The repair of the outer breakwater under plan (a) (H. Doc. No. 55, 58th Cong., 2d sess.) has been 82 per cent completed, and narrow- ing the gap in the outer breakwater 56 per cent completed. The project of deepening the lower part of the Oswego River was indefi- nite as to extent. The deepening of entrance channel to 23 feet is completed, and of the basin at the east end of the outer harbor to 21 feet is 33 per cent completed. The timber superstructure of the outer breakwater is badly decayed, other parts being in good condition, except the concrete superstructure on one 75-foot crib, which is badly cracked and displaced due to failure of crib under it. The control- ling depth in the entrance channel is 18 feet; in basin at east end of outer harbor is 14 to 21 feet; in outer harbor channel to west end 14 feet, and in the inner harbor is 152 feet at low-water datum. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the con- struction of an arrowhead rubble-mound breakwater system; dredg- ing to 21 feet low-water datum in areas A, C, D, E, F, G, and W; dredging area B to 16 feet; removal of a part of the existing west outer breakwater, lighthouse pier, and part of an existing west inner breakwater; and the removal of the upper and lower islands in the Oswego River, conditioned upon all land being deeded to the United States free of charge. The cost under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $1,188,000 all for new work. The total expenditure was $1,191,373.05. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS---BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1695 New work: Completion of deepening Area "A," outer harbor, by contract or by United States dipper dredge, August-November, 1930_ $16, 500.00 Maintenance : Dredging by contract, or by Government plant--__--------- 45, 549.36 Repair and reinforcement of breakwater by United States der- rick boat, July, 1930----------------------------------5, 000. 00 Total--------------- ---------------------------- 50, 549.36 Grand total6-------- ------ ------------------------- 7, 049. 36 The funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. Work should be inaugurated on the arrowhead breakwater at an early date. Maintenance dredging is required annually to maintain the project depth. Completion of repair of 75-foot section of outer breakwater is necessary to prevent further and more serious damage. Therefore, funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 as follows: New work : Initiating construction of east arrowhead breakwater and re- moval of old lighthouse pier and shore return at easterly end of outer breakwater, River and Harbor Committee Document No. 24, Seventy-first Congress, second session, by contract ------ $500, 000 Maintenance : Dredging by Government plant-------------------------- 13, 000 Repair of concrete banquet and harbor face of crib on 75-foot sec- tion of outer breakwater, by contract or by Government plant and hired labor ______------------------__ 12, 000 Miscellaneous repair and reinforcement of other portions of the breakwater by United States derrick boat-- , 000 6---------------- Total------- -- --- ----------------------- 31, 000 Grand total ----------------------------------- 531, 000 Conmercial statistics.-The principal commerce of the harbor is sugar, gasoline, anthracite, sulphur, woodpulp, flaxseed, kerosene, fruits and vegetables, and miscellaneous. Vessels engaged in the lake commerce of this harbor have a draft of from 12 to 16 feet, and make use of the improvements. Comparative statement By lake vessels New York State Barge Canal Total Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value Short tons Value 1925..-----........-------------------235, 483 $7, 695, 065 95, 356 $6, 806,167 330, 839 $14, 500, 222 1926---------..--------------- 180, 074 2, 778, 497 91, 451 3, 270, 129 271, 526 6, 048, 626 1927---....---------....... ----------- 204, 594 5, 789, 790 142, 948 7, 364, 441 347, 542 13, 154, 231 1928--------------------- -- 181, 556 8, 584, 325 211, 756 16, 346, 046 393, 312 24, 930, 371 19---------..........--------------- 188, 406 8, 571, 036 215, 047 13, 277, 616 403, 453 21,848, 652 No passengers are carried. The decrease in value in lake-vessel tonnage is due to decreased shipments of anthracite, wheat, and decreased receipts of automobiles and miscellaneous. The increase in total freight tonnage for cal- 11714---N 1930-----107 1696 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 endar year 1929 over that of 1928 is due to increased receipts of wood pulp and ground wood screenings and increased shipments of raw sugar, crude sulphur, and flaxseed. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------ $2, 375, 977. 27 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------- 945, 684. 31 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 3, 321, 661. 58 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930_-- ---- 3, 842. 51 Net total cost to June 30, 1930--------------------- 3, 325, 504. 09 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 --------------------- 469. 46 Net total expenditures_-__ _-----. --------- 3, 325, 034. 63 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------- 67, 049. 36 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 3, 392, 083. 99 Fiscal year ended June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ---------------- ------------------------ ------------ Cost of maintenance_-------------------$21, 319.59 $39, 614.81 $11,908.52 -- -I- $25,528.99 $23,381.39 Total expended---.......-------------------- 21, 319. 59 39, 614. 81 6, 982. 20 22, 808. 58 25, 540.60 Allotted.---------------------------------- 32, 000. 00 17,000.00 -3, 000.00 ------- . 65, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ..... _ __ ___ $27, 589. 96 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved May 28, 1930 -------------------- 65, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for__ 92, 589. 96 Gross amount expended----------------------------- $25, 649.56 Less receipts from sales__------------------------ 108.96 25, 540. 60 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 67, 049. 36 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts-- ----- __ ------- 3, 469. 93 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------------63, 579. 43 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - of existing project 3, 551, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work 1- - - -- --- - - - - -- -- -- - - - -- --- -- -- - -- -- -- -- - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - 500, 00. 00 For maintenance - 31, 000. 00 -- - -- - -- - -- - - ----- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - Total 531, 000. 00 20. HARBOR AT CAPE VINCENT, N. Y. Location and description.- The harbor is located on the south bank of the St. Lawrence River 21/2 miles from Lake Ontario and 49 miles by water north of Oswego, N. Y. It consists of a river-wharf frontage 1 /2 miles long, with a timber-crib breakwater 500 feet from shore, covering about one-sixth of the frontage. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 2.) 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--BUFFALO N. Y., DISTRICT 1697 Origwinal condition.-The harbor was an open roadstead in the St. Lawrence River. It was exposed to seas from Lake Ontario, due to westerly winds. The depth of water at the wharves was about 12 feet, increasing to 23 feet above 500 feet from shore. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896. The cost and expenditures prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1899 were $247.29 for surveys, and charged to new work. For further details of previous project see page 1975 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.--This provides for a timber-crib breakwater 1,500 feet long in the St. Lawrence River parallel to and 500 feet from the railroad wharf, 150 feet, or as much of the breakwater as required, to be shore return at the upper end. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1926, is $252,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (Annual Report for 1897, pp. 3286-3288). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1903, page 2165. Reconmmended miodiocations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terfminal facilities.-These consist of the following: The package- freight and passenger wharf of the New York Central Railroad Co., also used by the passenger ferry to and from Kingston, Ontario, Canada; one hay wharf; one fueling wharf; and one private mer- charidise wharf having no railroad connection. These facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Cape Vincent is at the head of a stretch of the St. Lawrence River which is dangerous to navigate at night. The breakwater furnishes a convenient mooring place for vessels which are going down the river and enter it at night or in thick weather and for those which are storm bound when going up the Lakes. The effect of the improvement on freight rates, if any, is only an indirect one, due to its facilitating general navigation by making it safer. Operations and results during fscal year.-None. The cost for harbor supervision was $539.35, all for maintenance. The expendi- ture was $518.75. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 79 per cent com- pleted. The work done under the existing project has been the con- struction of a breakwater 1,381.3 feet long, of which 50 feet at the upstream end is shore return. The breakwater is of the timber crib, concrete superstructure type, and is in good condition. The avail- able depth in the approach to and around the breakwater is 19 feet at low-water datum. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the construction of 168.7 linear feet of breakwater, which is considered unnecessary at the present time. The total cost under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $226,426.39, of which $198,819.03 was for new work and $27,607.36 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $226,415.79. 1698 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. AR.MY, 1930 Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied to maintenance contingencies. The funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. No work is proposed during the fiscal year 1932; therefore, no funds can be profitably expended. Commercial statistics.-The principal commerce of the harbor was hay, sand, fish, cattle, cheese, coal, and miscellaneous. Vessels engaged in the commerce of this harbor have a draft of from 12 to 17 feet, and make use of the improvement. Comparative statement General vessel traffic General ferry traffic Calendar year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925...........--------- ....------------------------ 3, 481 $91, 647 324 $108, 580 37, 405 1926- .-....-------------..... 5, 366 ...--------------------.. 245, 370 413 134, 874 34, 441 1927-----------.............---------------------- 7, 089 180,156 533 108, 698 29, 669 1928 .... 3, 966 ......---------------------------------- 89, 905 514 138, 880 31, 736 1929------------------------------------- 2,275 91,704 621 188,962 34,981 The decrease in freight tonnage for the calendar year 1929 under that of 1928 is due to decreased imports of sand and decreased ex- ports of anthracite. The increase in value is due to increased imports of hay, cattle, and fish. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------ $199, 066.32 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------- ---------------- 27, 607. 30 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------ ----- 226, 673. 68 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------------- 10. 60 Net total expenditures ------------------------- 226, 663. 08 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------------ 336. 92 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------- 227, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.---.--------------------- ----------------------------------- Cost of maintenance-------------------- $212. 81 $164.82 $372. 70 $262. 44 $539. 35 Total expended-------.............-----...-------------......... 212. 81 164. 82 728. 49 272. 44 518. 75 Allotted------ .---------- -------------- 500.00 500.00 600.00 --------. .---. ---.. . Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------$--------------------- $855. 67 Gross amount expended------ ---- --------- ------------- 518.75 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------- 336. 92 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts------------------------- 10. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930 --------------------------- 326. 92 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing pr6ject - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - 53, 200. 00 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1699 21. ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BETWEEN OGDENSBURG, N. Y., AND LAKE ONTARIO Location and description.-St. Lawrence River is the outlet from the Great Lakes which have a drainage area of about 291,660 square miles. It lies along the international boundary between the United States and Canada from its head at Lake Ontario to the mouth of the St. Regis River, a distance of 116 miles. The discharge of the river at mean lake level, Lake Ontario, elevation 246.13 above mean tide at New York (1860-1924) is 240,000 cubic feet per second. The length of the river from its head to Montreal is 182 miles. It empties into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and the distance from its head to the Straits of Belle Isle in the gulf is 1,185 miles. The section of the river included in this project extends from its head at Lake Ontario to Ogdensburg, N. Y., .a distance of 62 miles; and the fall for this distance is between 8 and 9 inches. Through this section the river is from 1 to 4 miles wide except through the Thousand Islands and other island groups where the channels are narrow and there are a number of rock reefs that form hazards. The present navigation channel is about 500 feet wide at its narrowest section, with a minimum depth of 18.4 feet over rock reefs. For a distance of about 9 miles, through the Brockville Narrows, the chan- nel lies in Canadian waters; the improvement of this section of the channel by the Canadian Government is now in progress. (See U. S. Lake Survey charts-St. Lawrence River Nos. 3, 4. 5, and 6, Index Nos. 13, 14, 15, and 16; and Coast Chart No. 1, Index No. 21.) Original condition.-In its original condition the channel length covered by the project contained 12 dangerous shoals and rock ledges in or near the track of vessels, on which the depth was 81/2 to 17 feet, low-water datum. The channel dimensions were as stated under Location and description. Previous projects.-The act of September 19, 1890, modified in 1893, 1896, and 1897, provided for the removal of rock ledges to a depth of 18.4 feet. Expenditures on these projects prior to the adop- tion of the existing project in 1930 amounted to $68,000 for new work. Fxisting project.-This provides for the removal of shoals lying in United States waters, to a depth of 27 feet, to secure a safe chan- nel with a least width of 450 feet between Ogdensburg, N. Y., and Lake Ontario. The project depth is referred to the sloping river surface when Lake Ontario is at low-water datum, elevation 244.5 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875 (cor- responds to depths of 25.5 feet on U. S. Lake Survey charts). This river surface slopes from elevation 244.5 feet at Lake Ontario to ele- vation 243.7 at Ogdensburg, N. Y. Ordinary seasonal fluctuation of water surface is from about 31/2 feet above to low-water datum. Other fluctuations, due to wind and other causes, are small. The estimate of cost of new work, made in 1930, is $550,000, exclu- sive of amounts expended on previous projects. Maintenance is not necessary. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. (H. Doc. No. 316, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) The latest 1700 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 published maps are in the project document and in Lake Survey Charts Nos. 13, 14, 15, 16, and 21. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required. Terminal facilities.-The improvement serves the through com- merce between the Great Lakes and ports on the St. Lawrence River and through traffic through the St. Lawrence Canals to tidewater. The only terminal facilities along this portion of the river are located at small ports such as Cape Vincent, Clayton, Alexandria Bay, Morristown, and Ogdensburg, and on the Canadian side the ports of Brockville and Prescott. The only United States port that has facilities adequate to use the full dimension of the present chan- nel is Ogdensburg, N. Y. Its terminal facilities are described in detail in annual report for that harbor. Effect of improvement.-The completion of the project will permit the passage of the largest lake freighter to Ogdensburg, N. Y., and Prescott, Ontario, Canada, and will undoubtedly result in a reduc- tion of freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.--Work done under previous proj- ects consisted in the removal of rock ledges or shoals to a depth of 18.4 feet below low-water datum. The controlling depth in the channel at the close of the fiscal year was 18.4 feet at low-water datum. No work has been done on the existing project. Proposed operations.-No funds available. The removal of shoals lying in United States waters between Ogdensburg and Lake Ontario to a depth of 27 feet at low-water datum is urgent and necessary. To provide for commencing work funds in the amount of $350,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-The traffic using this improvement con- sists principally of bulk-freight carriers, the larger part of which is St. Lawrence Canal vessels with a maximum draft of 14 feet. Ves- sels bound only for Ogdensburg, N. Y., or Prescott or Brockville, Ontario, have a. maximum draft of 18 feet. The commerce consists principally of wheat and bituminous coal going downstream and pulpwood and oil products going upstream. No record of commer- cial statistics is kept for this part of the river. The following statistics have been compiled by adding the through traffic on the St. Lawrence canals to the internal traffic to and from Ogdensburg, N. Y. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1924-. .---.-------- 5,943,802 Not available. 1927---------------- 8,159,859 Not available. 1925.................. 6, 584, 012 Do. 1928- .- _. _ 8, 552,337 Do. 1926--------------- 6, 517, 289 Do. 1929---------------- 5, 909, 765 Do. The decrease in tonnage is due principally to a decrease in the amount of wheat going down the river. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1701 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930- -------- -- $68, 000 Net total expenditures-------------------------------- ------------ 68, 000 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- ------------- 68, 000 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work......._----------------------_, . ..---.----------------------- .--------- Cost of maintenance--. . - . - . - . ----------. . . . ..--------------- . . .----------------------------------- Total expended --------------------.......................... ... .....------------ ------ ------ ------------ Allotted... ........................------------------- ----------------------------- --------------------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------- ------------------------------------ $550,000 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for new work________---------------------------------- 350, 000 22. HARBOR AT MORRISTOWN, N. Y. Location and description.--This harbor is located in Morristown Bay, a small inlet on the south bank of the St. Lawrence River, about 11 miles southwest of Ogdensburg, N. Y., 51 miles by water from Lake Ontario, and nearly opposite the city of Brockville, Ontario. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 4.) Original condition.-The depth of water in Morristown Bay varied from 3 to 10 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project. This provides for a channel 150 feet wide and 9 feet deep, from the 9-foot contour in the St. Lawrence River to within 250 feet of the Northumberland Street Bridge, at Morris- town, N. Y. The project depth is referred to the sloping surface of the river when Lake Ontario is at low-water datum, elevation 244.5 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level 1860-1875. Ordinary seasonal fluctuations of water surface are from about 3.7 feet above to low-water datum. Other fluctuations, due to wind and other causes, are small. The estimated cost of new work, made in 1926, is $12,500. The latest (1926) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $400. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of January 21, 1927 (H. Doc. No. 371, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recom ended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.-There are four wharves, all privately owned and all located on the east side of the bay. The wharf nearest the river is owned by the New York Central Railroad Co., is about 100 feet long, and has sufficient depth of water in front of it to permit the landing of all small river boats. Next south is the wharf of the W. H. Comstock Co. Next south of this is the wharf of the Brockville & Morristown Ferry Co., and next to this is the wharf of the Morristown Lumber Co. Generally these wharves are open to the public on equal terms. 1702 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1/930 There are no public wharves. The village owns a frontage of about 70 feet at the foot of Washington Street that can be improved when the traffic requires it. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. Effect of improvement.- The improvement has made possible the use of deeper draft vessels in this harbor. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The cost for harbor supervision was $479.07. The expenditure was the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in August, 1928, at a saving of $7,280 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth in the channel in August, 1928, was 9.4 feet at low-water datum for the full channel width of 150 feet. The total cost under the existing project was $6,700 of which $6,220.93 was for new work and $479.07 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $6,700. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. No work is pro- posed and no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the harbor consists of general ferry traffic, across river traffic, to Brockville, Ontario, Canada. All commerce makes use of the improvement. Comparative statement By general ferry By general ferry Calendar _ Calendar year year Short tons Value Passengers Short tons Value Passengers 1925-..-------.......-- 8,865 $538, 546 76, 826 1928 -.....-... 3, 365 $727, 972 171, 043 1926-.........- 7, 609 498, 675 142, 870 1929.........-----------. 3, 004 485,521 177, 914 1927-.......... 7, 569 695, 721 148, 911 The decrease in freight tonnage and values for 1929 under that of 1928 is due to decreased receipts of fresh cream and milk and pure- bred cattle. Cost and fln.ancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------.-------------------$6,220. 93 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ ---- 479. 07 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------------6, 700. 00 Net total expenditures-- __-__ ------ ,700. 00 6------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------------- 6, 700. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work- -------------------------------------------- $15.06 $6, 205.87. Cost of maintenance ------------------------------------------------------------ $479.07 Total expended-............................ ...... .............. 15. 06 6, 205. 87 479. 07 Allotted .............------------------ .... 500.00 12, -5, 800.00 ..........-- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 --------------------------- $479. 07 Gross amount expended ______-____-__ - ------- 479.07 RIVERS AND HARBORS--BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1703 23. HARBOR AT OGDENSBURG, N. Y. Location and description.-This harbor is located on the south bank of the St. Lawrence River, 62 miles by water from Lake Ontario. It consists of a dredged channel from 250 to 350 feet wide ~angJg the city wharfar frw~tge faabout 1 mile, with an entrance channel from the St. Lawrence River at its upper end 400 feet wide and an entrance channel and basin at the lower end, 1,600 to 2,100 feet wide, extending from the wharves to the main St. Lawrence River channel. (See U. S. Lake SurveyChart 13.) Original condition.---When work was first undertaken by the Gov- ernment in 1868 the depth at low water was 9 feet through the upper entrance channel, 10 to 12 feet at the lower entrance channels, and 6 to 12 feet along the city front, widths unknown. The Oswegatchie River was navigable for about 800 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1867, and was modified by the river and harbor acts of August 2, 1882, and September 19, 1890, by authority of the Chief of Engineers, dated February 27, 1897, and by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. The cost and expenditures under these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910 were $401,892.14, of which $271,379.82 was for new work and $130,- 512.32 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1975 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an upper entrance channel 19 feet deep and 400 feet wide; for a channel 19 feet deep and 350 feet wide along the city water front; and for a lower entrance channel and basin 19 feet deep, 1,600 to 2,100 feet wide, along the lower wharf frontage. The project depth is referred to the sloping river surface when Lake Ontario is at low-water datum, elevation 244.5 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level 1860-1875. This river surface is at elevation 243.7 feet and corresponds to depth- about 17.6 feet on Lake Survey Chart No. 13. Ordinary seasonal fluctua- tions of water surface are from about 3.7 feet above to low-water datum. Other fluctuations, due to wind and other causes, are small. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, was $259,970, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the several channels 19 feet deep and generally 300 feet wide (H. Doc. No. 920, 60th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for widen- ing of the upper entrance channel to 400 feet and of the city front channel to 350 feet (H. Doc. No. 663, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 663, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session, and Lake Survey Chart No. 13. Recommended imodifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.---The principal freight wharves are those of the New York Central Railroad Co. and the Rutland Railroad Co. The former is located on the west side of the Oswegatchie River. Transfer of freight between Ogdensburg and Prescott, Ontario, O4 REPORT OF CRIEF OF ENGINEERS U8. V ARMY, aO0O Canada, is by car ferry. The Rutland Wharf is, situated in the lower harbor, with a frontage of 2,300 feet. It also is provided with a car-ferry landing, which has not been used since the railroad com- pany sold its boat line in compliance with the Panama Canal act, There are two grain elevators, one with a storage capacity of 500r 000 bushels and the other of 90,000 bushels; four coal docks for handling and storing both hard and soft coal; one lumber wharf, little used; two small wharves, known as the Plumb and Hacket, are used mainly for summer passenger traffic, excursion boats; one wharf used by a passenger ferry that operates during the entire year between Ogdensburg and Prescott, Ontario, Canada, on the opposite shore of the St. Lawrence, a distance of about 1 mile. Generally the wharves are open to all water carriers on equal terms. There is also one public wharf located in the central harbor, used as a passenger landing during the summer months, open to all water carriers free of charge. These facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made the commer- cial development of Ogdensburg Harbor possible in that the chan- nels have been improved so as to secure entrance and city front channels of a depth sufficient to accommodate vessels of 171/2 feet draft. The improvement has also made possible the establishment of railroad wharves and consequent development of water transpor- tation lines operating to and from American and Canadian lake ports, as well as car ferries plying across the St. Lawrence River between Ogdensburg and Prescott, Ontario, Canada. The improvement is considered to have had a controlling effect in reducing freight rates for bulk commodities in interlake traffic. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging began on June 24, 1930, with U. S. hopper dredge TVillets Point to restore the project depth in the harbor, and continued operations during the balance of the fiscal year, cost $5,087.54. Cost for harbor supervision $899.41. The total cost for the year was $5,986.95. The expenditure was $724.51. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1919 at a saving of $59,433 under the estimated cost. The upstream entrance channel has a controlling depth of 19 feet. The Oswegatchie River from Lake Street Bridge to its mouth has con- trolling depth of 19 feet; the city-front channel from the mouth of Oswegatchie River to the Rutland Railroad car-ferry dock has con- trolling depth of 19 feet; and the lower entrance channel and basin have a controlling depth of 19 feet. The total cost of the existing project at the end of the fiscal year was $268,278.59, of which $200,536.61 was for new work and $67,741.98 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $263,016.15. Proposed operations. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, $15,000, will be applied to maintenance dredging by TT. S. hopper dredge Willets Point during July, 1930, and outstanding liabilities for dredging done in June, 1930. The funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. RIVERS AND HARBOR-BUFFBF ALO, N. Y., DISTRICT 1705 The opening of the new Welland Canal is scheduled for September 1930, thereby extending deep-water lake traic o anna rntarioia the St. Lawrence River. This will necessitate annual dredging to maintain the full project depth in the harbor. To provide for this, funds in the amount of $13,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce is by lake and river. A car ferry operates between Ogdensburg and Prescott, Ontario, Canada, on the opposite side of the river. The principal commerce consists of raw silk, miscellaneous, newsprint paper, coal, lumber, cattle, cot- ton, fish, gasoline, corn, cream, kerosene, lath, and oats. The bulk. cargo vessels have a draft of 14 to 19 feet. The car ferry of 11 to 13 feet. All commerce makes use of the improvement, with exception of the pulpwood, which is handled at a wharf on the St. Lawrence River, about 1 mile above the upper entrance channel. Comparative statement General vessel traffic Car-ferry traffic Calendar year Passengers Short tons Value Short tons Value 1925---------..........-------------------.......................--- 660, 121 $16, 918, 483 906, 480 $78, 422, 302 377, 311 1926----------- _.................-----------.......... 451, 115 3, 540, 223 924, 687 62, 133, 048 355, 281 1927............_______________............. __... 384, 808 2, 936, 021 1, 152, 040 68, 730, 555 436, 873 1928 ------------- ---__----------- 420, 958 4, 159, 830 1, 037, 548 68, 497, 210 460, 651 1929_ _-------------- ---------------- 378, 462 3, 807, 097 837, 418 62, 620, 472 598, 463 The decrease in general vessel traffic for 1929 under that of 1928 is due principally to decreased imports of pulpwood and woodpulp, and internal receipts of coal, gasoline, and oats. The decrease in the car-ferry tonnage under that of 1928 is due to decreased im- ports of cream, lumber, miscellaneous, newsprint paper, raw silk, and shingles, and decreased exports of bituminous coal, baled cotton, gasoline, and kerosene. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---- ------ ______________ $471, 916. 43 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_____ ------------------------ 198, 254. 30 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_____________ 670, 170.73 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930____-. 5, 262. 44 Net total expenditures_.......______ ______---. 664, 908. 29 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_______ _____-________ 15, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 679, 908. 29 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..... Cost of maintenance.__-----.-.----------- - - _.-------- ---- $509. 83 $15,618.49 $5, 986. 95 Total expended-........ .... ...- _....- $8,407. 60 $277. 29 982. 00 15, 618. 84 724. 51 Allotted--.------------.. .. --.-.-.. -.. 4, 000.00 ------..----- 9, 000.00 2, 000. 00 15, 000 00 1706 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEEU, U. ARMEY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----------- ------ $724. 51 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--..---- ---------------- -------------------- 15,000.00 Amount to be accounted for--- ------------------------- 15, 724. 51 Gross amount expended--------------------------- --------------- 724. 51 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 15,000.00 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--_------------------- ----- 1, 000.00 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------ 14,000.00 Amount that can profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1932, for maintenance 13, 500. 00 24. WADDINGTON HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.--WaddingtonHarbor is located on Little River, which is a secondary channel of the St. Lawrence River, south of Ogden Island. The village of Waddington, the site of the orig- inal project (1873), is about 18 miles downstream from Ogdensburg, N. Y., and about 15 miles upstream from Massena, N. Y. Little River is closed by a dam built originally for waterpower development at Waddington. .The present project (1930) is opposite the down- stream end of Ogden Island, about one mile from the village of Waddington. Original condition.-In its original condition Little River was obstructed by a bar at the head of Ogden Island and by other shoals throughout its length which restricted navigation to vessels of a few feet draft. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted in March, 1873, and provided for dredging a channel through the bar in Little River at the head of Ogden Island, 200 feet wide and 11 feet deep at low water and for dredging a channel from deep water near the lower end of Ogden Island to the old ferry dock about 1,000 feet below the dam. This-project was modified in 1878 to provide, in addition, for dredging a channel 100 feet wide and 8 feet deep from the main channel near the old ferry dock 'to the mills at the dam. The total cost and expenditure prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1930 was $35,500. It is impracticable to separate the cost for new work and for maintenance. Eis.ting project.-This provides for a channel 16 feet deep at low- water datum and 200 feet wide between the upstream end of the pulpwood dock at Waddington and deep water at the international boundary (opposite Morrisburg, Ontario), a distance of about 1/4 miles. The project depth is referred to the sloping surface of St. Law- rence River when Lake Ontario is at low-water datum, elevation 244.5 feet above mean sea level at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level 1860-1875. The river surface at the locality is at elevation 223.5 and corresponds to a depth of 14.1 feet on Lake Survey Chart No. 12. Ordinary seasonal fluctuations of water sur- face are from 2.2 feet above to low-water datum. Other fluctuations, due to wind and other causes, are small. 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVBES AND HARBORs --- BUFFALO,. . Y., DISTRICT 170T The estimate of cost for new work made in 1927 is $20,000, exclu- sive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, which fixed the limit of cost at $20,000 (H. Doc. No. 322, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities--The terminal facilities consist of one ferry dock at the mouth of Great Sucker Brook owned by the Norwood & St. Lawrence Railroad Co., and one pulpwood dock owned by the St. Regis Paper Co., located about one-half mile downstream from the ferry dock. There are no public docks. These facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-Completion of the project will permit vessels operating through the St. Lawrence River canals to load to maximum canal draft and trade in and out of Waddington with rea- sonable safety, thereby decreasing the cost of transporting material to and from the port. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done under the existing project. The present channel to the pulpwood dock is navigable by vessels drawing 14 feet, but such navigation is difficult because of narrow places in the channel and swift currents. Proposed operations.-No funds available. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The principal commerce of the harbor is pulpwood and general ferry traffic across the river to Morrisburg, Ontario, Canada. The pulpwood vessels have a draft of 13 to 14 feet. The ferry has a draft of from 8 to 10 feet. Comparative statement By lake vessels By ferry 1 Year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value Passengers 1920------...------------------...... 66, 742 $760, 470 2, 231 (2) $16,415 3, 361 1921------...........------------------ (2) (2) (2) (2) 16,149 4, 702 1922-----------..-------------..... 22, 978 201, 057 (1) 14 6, 541 4, 530 1923_---------_ -------------- 43, 912 327, 293 2, 000 31 6,929 4, 322 1924-------------------------68, 884 446, 023 3, 466 294 107, 501 4, 849 1925. ------------------------ 140,000 560,000 343 135,063 7,714 1926-------... ............---------------. 139, 400 697, 000 ------------ 318 107, 702 13, 530 1927-------- ---------------- 119, 450 137, 008 597, 250 ------------ 719, 292 .------------ 336 357 112, 410 140, 526 12, 078 31, 450 1928_------------------------ 1929 .------------------------ 129, 419 841, 617 ------------ 461 183, 813 28, 275 1Foreign. 2 No statistios available. The decrease in lake vessel tra~ic under that of 1928 is due to de- creased imports of pulpwood. 'The increase, in ferry traffic over 1928 is due to increased imports of cattle and cream and increased exports of miscellaneous freight. 7OS8 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 198 0 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------- ---------------- --- $35, 500 Net total expenditures--------- ------------------------------- 35, 500 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-----------------------35, 500 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project _--------- --------------------------- 20, 000 25. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. 308 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line studies; fish-net inspections; administration, charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine naviga- tion investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $19,515.63; the expenditures were $21,068.19. The total cost to the end of the fiscal year was $34,720.40. The total expenditure was $34,613.12. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in con- nection with the above items. The additional sum of $12,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ,------------------------- $34, 720. 40 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 107. 28 Net total expenditures-------------------------------- 34, 613. 12 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-----------------------------9, 386. 88 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------- 44, 000.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.--.-.-...-... . --.......... ... - Cost of maintenance----------------------------------- --- ------------ $15, 204, 77 $19, 515.63 Total expended--...--.. ---------- --------------------------------- 13, 544.93 21, 068. 19 Allotted --------------------------......-------------- ---------------- 26,000.00 18,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__ ____________ $12, 455.07 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------$9, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930_ 2, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928----__.-------------------- - 7, 000. 00 18, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for-------- ------------------ 30, 455.07 Gross amount expended ...-------------------------------- 21, 068.19 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------__---- - 9. 386. 88 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance -------------- ----------------- 12, 000.00 RIVERS AND HARBORS---BUFFALO 2 N. Y., DISTRICT 1709 EXAMINATION AND SURVEY MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JANUARY 21, 1927 Reports dated September 28, 1927, and July 23, 1929, with map, on preliminary examination and survey of the Niagara River, N. Y., required by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for rivers and harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 289, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide a chan- nel 12 feet deep and 300 feet wide in east channel from the down- stream end of the existing 21-foot channel opposite Sixth Avenue in North Tonawanda to the upstream end of the 12.7-foot channel near the Niagara Falls waterworks intake crib, at an estimated cost of $743,600, with $4,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts approved March 2, 1919, September 22, 1922, and July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly sub- mitted when received: 1. Cleveland Harbor, Ohio, with a view to improving and main- taining the channel in the Cuyahoga River and Old River, including consideration of any proposition for cooperation on the part of local interests. 2. Olcott Harbor,N. Y. 3. Huron Harbor, Ohio. 4. Lorain Harbor, Ohio. 5. Cleveland Harbor, Ohio. 6. FairportHarbor, Ohio. 7. Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio. 8. Conneaut Harbor, Ohio. 9. Harbor at Erie, Pa. 10. Erie Harbor, Pa., with a view to the construction of additional riprap work to prevent a further breach in the neck of the peninsula. 11. Buffalo Harbor, Buffalo River, and Buffalo Ship Canal, N. Y. 12. Black Rock Channel and Tonawanda Harbor, N. Y. 13. Wilson Harbor;N. Y. 14. Pultneyville Harbor, N. Y. 15. Rochester (Charlotte) Harbor, N. Y. 16. Great Sodu Bay Harbor, N. Y. 17. Oswego Harbor,N. Y. 18. Ogdensburg Harbor, N. Y. REPORT MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated March 3, 1923, a review of reports on Oswego Harbor, N. Y., printed in House Document No. 570, Sixty-fifth Congress, second session, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transferred to the committee on February 25, 1930, and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 24, Seventy-first Congress,. second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project at a total estimated cost of $3,568,000, with 1 REPORT R10 OF CHIEF OF ENGINEE U. S.ARMY, 1930 $33,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolution dated July 13, 1929, a review of reports on the deeper waterway from the Great Lakes to the Hudson River, printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 7, Sixty-ninth Con- gress, second session, and prior reports, was requested. A report thereon was transmitted to the committee April 4, 1930, and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 29, Seventy-first Con- gress, second session. Recommendation is made that the Secretary of War be authorized and empowered to accept from the State of New York the state-owned waterways known as the Erie Canal and the Oswego Canal and. thereafter maintain and operate them as navi- gable waterways of the United States, at an estimated annual cost of $2,500,000, with certain provisions. By resolution dated March 7, 1928, a review of reports on the Great Lakes-Atlantic tidewaters deeper waterways, printed in House Document No. 149, Fifty-sixth Congress, second session, is requested, and report thereon will be submitted as soon as practicable. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE LOS ANGELES, CALIF., DISTRICT The district includes that part of California which is south of Big Sur River (about 291 miles northwesterly of the entrance to Los Angeles Harbor), together with the Colorado River system. District engineer: Maj. C. P. Gross, Corps of Engineers, to July 19, 1929; First Lieut. A. B. Shattuck, jr., Corps of Engineers, July 19 to October 2, 1929; and Maj. W. H. Lanagan, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Lieut. Col. J. Franklin Bell, Corps of Engi- neers, to November 30, 1929, and Lieut. Col. Thomas M. Robins, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. San Diego Harbor, Calif.___ 1710 4. Examinations, surveys, and 2. Los Angeles and Long Beach contingencies (general)-__ 1724 Harbors, Calif----------- 1715 3. San Luis Obispo Harbor, Calif------------------- 1723 1. SAN DIEGO HARBOR, CALIF. Location and description.--San Diego Harbor is just north of the United States-Mexico boundary, 96 miles southeast of Los Angeles Harbor, and 506 miles southeast of San Francisco Harbor. It is a natural basin, separated from the ocean by a peninsula about 10 miles long. The total area at half tide is about 21 square miles. At mean lower low water the area, with a minimum depth of 21 feet, has a width varying from 1,000 to 2,500 feet and is about 9 miles long. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 5102.) Original condition.-The channel through the outer bar was 500 feet wide and 22.5 feet deep at mean lower low water. The middle- ground channel was also 22.5 feet deep, but too crooked for safe RIVERS AND HARBORS--LOS ANGELES, CALIF., DISTRICT 1711 navigation. The main channel, lying to the west of the middle ground, was of ample depth, but was difficult to navigate on account of a sharp reverse curve. The channel inside the harbor was about one-third mile wide and not less than 30 feet deep up to San Diego, and narrower and shallower up to National City, about 11 miles from the outer bar. Previous projects.-The original project, exclusive of the work authorized August 30, 1852, was adopted by river and harbor act of March 3, 1875, and supplemented by acts of September 19, 1890, and June 25, 1910. The cost of previous projects, which provided for a dike diverting the San Diego River, built in 1852 and later destroyed, and for obtaining depth of 26 feet in the outer-bar channel, was $154,703.68 for new work and $59,904.21 for maintenance, a total of $214,607.89. The total expenditures were $214,607.89. The existing project began in 1875 with the construction of another dike to divert the San Diego River. For further details of previous projects see page 1976 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a rubble-mound jetty 7,500 feet long on Zuninga Shoal; for an entrance channel 40 feet deep, 800 feed wide, through the outer bar; for dredging to a depth of 35 feet a small shoal (area D) opposite Ballast Point; for dredging to the same depth an entrance channel with a minimum width of 900 feet through the middle ground; for easing the curve to east of present middle-ground channel (area E) by dredging to a depth of 35 feet; for an approach 32 feet deep to the San Diego municipal piers; for dredging a portion of area F to a depth of 32 feet; for dredging along the south bank of the main channel between beacon No. 4 and beacon No. 10, to a width of 200 feet and a depth of 35 feet; for dredging along the north bank of the main channel for a dis- tance of about 1 mile seaward of beacon No. 7 to a width of 200 feet and a depth of.35 feet; for dredging the turning basin, opposite the municipal piers, to a depth of 35 feet; for dredging area H to a depth of 35 feet; for dredging a channel to National City and Chula Vista 20 feet deep and 200 feet wide; and for an earthen dike 7,735 feet long to divert the San Diego River from San Diego Bay to False Bay. The plane of reference is mean lower low water. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 5.4 feet. The extreme range is about 9 feet. The estimated cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $2,304,800, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, of which $10,000 is to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000 for dredging entrance channel. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1875, provided for the diversion dike (Annual Report, 1873, p. 1142); the act of September 19, 1890, provided for the jetty on Zuninga Shoal (H. Doe. No. 177, 50th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of March 4, 1913, provided for a 35-foot channel through the outer bar (H. Doc. No. 1309, 62d Cong., 3d sess) ; the act of July 27, 1916, provided for widening the approach (area B) to San Diego Municipal Pier No. 2 by dredging area C 1714--ENG 1980----108 1712 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 (north of area B) (H. Doc. No. 648, 64th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for dredging area A (south of area B) (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 8, 64th Cong., 2d sess.), and for dredging the 35-foot channel through the middle ground (H. Doc. No. 140, 65th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of September 22, 1922, provided for dredging areas D and E (H. Doc. No. 1000, 66th Cong., 3d sess.); the act of March 3, 1925, provided for widening the approach (area C) to San Diego Municipal Pier No. 1 by dredging a portion of area F (north of area C) (H. Com. Doc. No. 2, 68th Cong., 1st sess.), and the act of July 3, 1930, provided the 40-foot channel through the outer bar, for dredging along the south and north banks of the main channel; for dredging the turning basin, for dredging area H, and for dredging a channel to National City and Chula Vista. (S. Doc. No. 81, 71st Cong., 2d sess.) For latest published map see the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The city of San Diego has donated to the United States 500 acres of tideland, known as Dutch Flats, in ful- fillment of a condition in the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916. It has dredged an approach channel to Municipal Pier No. 2 (area B, H. Doc. No. 648, 64th Cong., 1st sess.), removing about 916,000 cubic yards of material, at a cost estimated at $250,000. It has dredged 1,681,000 cubic yards in area F, the approach to Municipal Pier No. 1, at a cost of $400,078. It has also dredged along the northerly side of Municipal Pier No. 1 to a width of 300 feet and depth of 33 feet; thence northerly 300 feet wide and to depths of 27 and 20 feet, a distance of about 3,800 feet to provide an approach to the fish canneries in that vicinity and also to provide material for fill at Lindbergh aviation field. A total of about 843,018 cubic yards was dredged at an approximate cost of $80,835. The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, in providing for the dredging of area F, provides that the city of San Diego shall fur- nish suitable areas for the disposal of dredged material. This con- dition has been complied with. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, provides that before any work is undertaken on the turning basin local interests shall furnish necessary disposal areas and give assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers that they will deepen the areas adjacent to the municipal piers and the part of area F covered by the existing project to a depth of 35 feet, and that before any work is undertaken on the channel to Chula Vista, local interests shall contribute $10,000 in cash. These conditions have not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-There is a total of 7,730 linear feet of wharf frontage outside of Government-owned wharves. Of this amount, 4,430 linear feet are municipal wharves open to public use, which, with the municipal warehouses and 5,946 linear feet of bulkhead, were built at a cost of $1,968,110; 1,850 feet are private wharves but open to public use; and 1,450 feet are wharves owned and con- trolled by lumber and oil companies and used for lumber and oil traffic. Broadway Pier (formerly designated Municipal Pier No. 1) is 800 feet long by 130 feet wide, with warehouse 720 feet long and 72.5 feet wide. Municipal Pier No. 1 (formerly designated No. 2), is 1,000 feet long and 400 feet wide, with warehouse 970 feet long RIVERS AND HARBORS-LOS ANGELES, CALIF., DISTRICT 1713 and 140 feet wide. Not including the dredging referred to in para- graph Local cooperation, the city of San Diego has dredged about 1,540,558 cubic yards in excavating an approach 32 feet deep from the pierhead line to Piers Nos. 1 and 2, and 32 feet deep on each side of the piers. The cost of this work is not known. It has dredged a channel 175 feet wide and 20 feet deep in front of the concrete bulkhead northerly of the municipal piers. About 100,000 cubic yards was dredged, at a cost of $22,500. It has also dredged 830,279 cubic yards shoreward of the pierhead line, at a cost of $178,781, and 38,000 cubic yards has been dredged at the foot of Eighth Street at a cost of $12,000 to provide a channel 400 feet long, 200 feet wide, and 19 feet deep to marine ways. The existing terminal facilities are adequate for present commerce. Lumber and other commodities are handled by ship's tackle. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series, No. 13, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of i'mprovement.-The improvement has rendered the har- bor available to modern steamships of all except the greatest draft ordinarily used on the Pacific Ocean and has afforded the region the benefits of deeper draft ocean commerce. The harbor in its natural condition could not have been used by such vessels. The volume of the commerce has increased over 687 per cent in 25 years. Operations and results d'uring fiscal year.-No work was done, except the usual surveys, inspections, and office work. The total costs were $626.24 for maintenance. The amount expended during the fiscal year was $1,700.64. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 76 per cent com- pleted. The dike was completed in 1876. The jetty on Zuninga Shoal was completed in 1904. The outer-bar channel and the middle- ground channel were completed to a depth of 35 feet in 1915 and 1920, respectively. Dredging area A to a depth of 32 feet was completed in 1920, dredging area C to a depth of 32 feet was completed in 1923, and dredging the easterly portion of area F to a depth of 32 feet was completed in 1926. On June 30, 1930, the controlling depth in the outer-bar and mid- dle-ground channels and in areas D and E was 35 feet at mean lower low water and 32 feet in areas B, C, and F. It was 31 feet in area A. No work has been done on the modification of the project adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. The cost of the existing project was $1,548,774.90 for the new work and $89,827.92 for maintenance, a total of $1,638,602.82. The amount expended on the existing project was $1,639,677.22. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance of $4,524.76 will be applied to maintenance in making repairs to diverting dike or in restoring project depths in dredged areas, as required. The additional sum of $88,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as follows: New work : Dredging entrance channel to project depth for partial width by contract or by Government hopper dredge and hired labor (July, 1931, to October, 1931), four months at $20,000-- .-------__ $80, 000 Maintenance: Repairs to diverting dike or redredging work, as needed during year... ....---...--. --- --- - --- 8, 000 lotal------ -------------------- ---------- - - 88, 000 1714 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY, 1,930 Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists principally of lumber, petroleum products, and general merchandise. Comparative statement Calendar Pas- Short Value lumber Calendar Pas- Short Value lumber year sengers tons 1 (tons) year sengers tons 1 (tons) 1923_.....-. 26,497 767, 470 $35, 476, 184 31, 800 1927-...... 61, 145 966, 476 $46, 803, 718 45, 000 1924_...... 28, 319 749, 320 30,622, 036 46, 000 1928....... 67,182 793, 580 42, 277, 405 40, 000 1925 __ -_.. 38,009 820, 630 35, 356, 729 50,000 76, 466 1929-----.- 958, 100 47, 477, 049 4, 000 1926 ..... 46, 562 825, 926 35, 748, 573 50,000 1 Including rafted lumber. During the year ending December 31, 1929, the amount of com- merce remaining on ships passing in and out of the harbor without unloading was 930,255 tons, with a valuation of $215,213,000. All conmmerce entering the harbor except lumber is affected by the improvement. The usual limits of draft are about 18 feet for loaded lumber vessels, 26 feet for oil-carrying vessels, and 27 feet for foreign and interocean commerce. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year. Cost and finanoial suamnary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_------------------------ $1,703, 478. 58 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ___ _______-__-- ____ 149, 732. 13 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930__--- _--- - 1,853, 210. 71 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ------------ 1, 074. 40 Net total cost to June 30, 1930----------------------- 1, 854,285.11 Net total expenditures --- __--- -------------- 1, 854, 285. 11 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------- --- 4, 524. 76 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__ ---------- , 858, 809. 87 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..---....--_ _------- $39, 928.81 $158, 996. 57 $10,808. 89 $20, 545. 59 . Cost of maintenance_ ---------------- 14, 322. 29 5, 291. 04 18, 626. 66 8, 293. 59 $626. 24 Total cost.....--------................-- 54, 251. 10 164, 287. 61 29,435. 55 28, 839. 18 626. 24 Total expended. .........-------------.-- 54, 251. 10 164, 287. 61 46, 169. 98 28, 859. 50 1,700. 64 Allotted----...------------............-----..........----- 49,000. 00 45, 000.00 -----...-------...... 46, 000.00 -16,938.50 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------ -------------- $23, 163. 90 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------- 2, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_-------------------------- 25, 163. 90 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment----------------- 18, 938. 50 Net amount to be accounted for _______---------------- -6, 225.40 Gross amount expened- -. __.. __-__--___---- 1, 700. 64 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-- ------------------ 4524. 4, 76 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-------------------------- 12. 38 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------------- 4,512. 38 RIVERS AND HARBORS--LOS ANGELES, CALIF., DISTRICT 1715 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - existing project 1 2 $746, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - For new work 1- -1- -- - - -- -- - - ----- -- -- - - -- - - - 80, 000. 00 For maintenance 8, 000. 00 - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Total 1- - - - - - -- - -- - -- - - - 88 000:00 2. LOS ANGELES AND LONG BEACH HARBORS, CALIF. Location and description.--Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors are 410 miles southeast of San Francisco Harbor and 96 miles north- west of San Diego Harbor. The harbors consist of four parts, Los Angeles outer or breakwater harbor (formerly known as San Pedro Harbor), Los Angeles inner harbor formed by the construction of jetties and by dredging. (formerly known as Wilmington Harbor), Long Beach outer or breakwater harbor, and Long Beach inner har- bor formed by the construction of jetties and by dredging. The harbors are irregular in shape. Los Angeles outer harbor contains channelward of approved pierhead lines and proposed project lines about 2,778 acres. The inner harbor contains about 848 acres. Long Beach outer harbor channelward of project lines contains 3,476 acres, and the inner harbor 207 acres. The inner harbors are connected by Cerritos Channel dredged to 200 feet width and 32 feet depth. The inner harbor channels vary from 30 to 40 feet in depth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 5102.) Original condition.-The outer harbors were an open roadstead, the westerly portion well protected on the west by the bluff which terminates at Point Fermin but exposed to the southeast, south, and southwest. The bay had varying depths up to 9 fathoms. Los An- geles inner harbor had a depth at the present entrance of less than 2 feet. A narrow, shallow channel led up to Wilmington, a distance of 31/4 miles. Long Beach inner harbor was one of the outlets of the Los Angeles River which was dry throughout the greater part of the year. Previous projects.-Los Angeles Harbor: In the outer harbor there was no project prior to the existing project, which began with the construction of the breakwater in 1899. The original project in the inner harbor was adopted by river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and modified by river and harbor acts of March 3, 1881, June 3, 1896, June 13, 1902, and July 18, 1918. The cost of previous projects was $2,005,510.80 for new work and $115,790.47 for maintenance, a total of $2,121,301.27, which was the total amount expended. For further details of previous project see page 1977 of Annual Report for 1915. Long Beach Harbor.-There was no project prior to the existing project. The city of Long Beach constructed a breakwater 7,284 feet long in the outer harbor and local interests constructed jetties at the entrance to the inner harbor 500 feet apart and about 1,250 feet long. They also dredged a turning basin of irregular shape 40 feet deep, two channels extending easterly from the turning basin 300 feet wide and 4,200 and 4,000 feet long, respectively, and 32 to 40 1 Exclusive of available funds. SIn addition local interests are to contribute $10,000. 1716 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S.. ARMY, 1930 feet deep, and also dredged Cerritos Channel connecting Los.Angeles and Long Beach Harbors 32 feet deep and 200 feet wide. Existing project.-This provides for a breakwater 11,152 feet long extending easterly from Point Fermin and a detached breakwater 12,500 feet long in prolongation easterly thereof; for an entrance - channel 35 feet deep and 1,000 feet wide with a turning basin at Los Angeles 35 feet deep; for a channel 35 feet deep and 650 feet wide ins the east basin from the turning basin to United States station 406; for dredging to a depth of 35 feet and 400 feet wide in Cerritos Channel from United States station 406 to the Long Beach turning- basin; for a turning basin 35 feet deep at Long Beach; for an en- trance channel to Long Beach Harbor 35 feet deep and 300 to 500, feet wide; for maintenance of the Long Beach Breakwater south of the outer end of Pier A; for dredging to a depth of 35 feet an area 2,300 feet long, with an average width of about 1,200 feet in the outer harbor on the west side of the entrance to Los Angeles inner harbor; for dredging to a depth of 35 feet the area east of the Los Angeles entrance channel and southwest of a line running S. 60 ° E. from the- southwest corner of Reservation Point; and for the construction of silt-diversion works for the protection of Los Angeles and Long. Beach Harbors. The dredging of the channel along the easterly and westerly sides- of the west basin, Los Angeles Harbor, which was authorized by river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, and which is under contract- and work now in progress, will be completed, but maintenance after completion will be left to local interests. The plane of reference is mean lower low water. -The tide between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is, range of 5.8 feet. The extreme range is about 9 feet. The estimated cost for new work revised in 1930 is $17,652,500,. The latest (1930) approved estimates of annual costs of maintenance- are $125,000 for dredging and $50,000 for repairs to the breakwater. The existing project was authorized by the following river and. harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for dredging two, channels in the inner harbor (H. Doc. No. 768, 61st Cong., 2d sess.);: the act of July 25, 1912, provided for dredging in Los Angeles outer harbor west of the entrance channel (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 8, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the silt- diversion works (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 9, 64th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of September 22, 1922, provided for a triangular area of approach to Los Angeles inner-harbor entrance channel (H. Doc._ No. 1013, 66th Cong., 3d sess.) ; the act of March 3, 1925, provided for dredging the main-entrance channel to a depth of 35 feet and widths of 1,000 feet, including the reclamation of Reservation Point (H. Doc... No. 349, 68th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of July 3, 1930, provides for a detached breakwater 12,500 feet long (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 33, 71st Cong., 2d sess.) in prolongation of the existing breakwater (authorized by the act of June 3, 1896); for widening the fair- way on the easterly side of the entrance to Los Angeles inner- harbor; for dredging a channel 35 feet deep and 650 feet wide in the East Basin from the turning basin to United States station 406 for dredging to depth of 35 feet and 400 feet wide in Cerritos Chan- nel from United States station 406 to the Long Beach turning basin;: RIVERS AND HARBORS-LOS ANGEIES, CALIF., DISTRICT 1717 for a turning basin 35 feet deep at Long Beach; for the entrance channel of Long Beach Harbor, 35 feet deep and 500 feet wide; and for maintenance of the Long Beach Breakwater south of the outer end of Pier A (S. Doc. No. 130, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). .'Foi latest published maps see House Document No. 349, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session, and Senate Document No. 130, Seventy-first Congress, second session. The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, provides that in no case shall dredging be done within 50 feet of established pierhead lines, or existing piers and wharves. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation--Los Angeles Harbor.-The river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, provides (H. Doc. No. 462, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) that before any silt-diversion work is undertaken by the United States assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War shall be given that the city or county of Los Angeles or other agencies will provide the right of way, defray the cost of necessary roads and bridges, ad- just all damage claims, and maintain the improvement after its com- pletion. The Los Angeles County flood-control district has agreed to perform the conditions required. It has provided the right of way and has constructed the necessary roads and bridges. The act of August 8, 1917, authorizing the widening of the inner harbor channel, provides that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands required for the purpose of this improvement. The city of Los Angeles has furnished the required right of way and has removed the wharves thereon free of cost to the United States. The act of July 18, 1918, in making appropriations for a channel connecting Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors, provides (H. Doc. No. 462, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) that local interests shall deed to the United States free of cost an additional strip of land 200 feet wide alongside the present 400-foot wide right of way and shall agree to construct and maintain that part of the channel connecting Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors lying within the limits of the city of Long Beach, and that work shall not be commenced by the United States on its part of the channel until the necessary steps have been taken to protect it from flood deposits of silt or until local interests have agreed to maintain this part pending the completion of protect- ing works. The additional strip of land has been deeded to the United States and the required assurances as to the maintenance of the channel have been given. The dredging of the portion of the channel lying within the city of Long Beach was completed by the city of Long Beach November 15, 1919, 1,400,000 cubic yards having been dredged, and in adidtion about 356,000 cubic yards were dredged in Long Beach Harbor, the cost of both having been about $237,000. The act of July 18, 1918, also provides in making appropriation for dredging in the west basin (H. Doc. No. 1072, 65th Cong., 2d sess.), that local interests shall furnish without cost to the United States any bulkheads considered necessary to hold the dredged ma- terial, and that this work shall not be undertaken until assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War shall have been given that the proposed 10,000-ton dry dock will be built at once. Bulkheads to hold the material have been built and the construction of the dry dock completed. 1718 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARIMY-, 1930 The act of March 3, 1925, provides that local interests take the following cooperative action (H. Doc. No. 349, 68th Cong., 1st sess.) : (a) Cede to the United States, in lieu of that portion of the military reser- vation at Reservation Point which will be required for widening the main entrance channel, an equivalent area to the east, adjoining the present Federal holdings.. (b) Dedge, at its own expense,ea. portion 200 feet in width of the proposed 30-foot channel along the easterly, northerly, and' part of the westerly sides of west basin. (c) Obtain title to the water front on both sides of Cerritos Channel, for a length of 1,500 feet, at such location as may be approved by the Secretary of War, and reserve it from development, to the end that this section of the channel may be filled and used as an approach to Terminal Island; agree to make, or meet the cost of such fill, when called on to do so by the Secretary of War; and hold and save the United States from loss arising out of any claims for damage which may be filed as a result of the closure of said channel. (d) Contribute one-half the first cost of the breakwater, estimated in 1928 to be $15,120,000, funds being made available annually in amounts equal to Federal appropriations for the breakwater. (e) Organize a port district, or equivalent organization, embracing the cities of Los Angeles and Long Beach and such other communities. as may be found desirable, with full jurisdiction over the development and operation of the ports and port facilities within these communities. which organization shall prepare final plans, subject to the approval of the Chief of Engineers and the Secretary of War, for the ultimate development of the port, and shall put them into effect as the need arises. (f) Create a publicly owned or controlled belt-line railroad, or the equiva- lent, serving uniformly and without discrimination all railroads entering the port and all terminals of the port, the plan adopted to be subject to the approval of the Chief of Engineers and the Secretary of War. (g) Make provision satisfactory to the Chief of Engineers and the Secre- tary of War before any Federal funds are expended on the breakwater for terminal construction in the outer harbor east of the main entrance channel, having a transshipment capacity of at least 1,000,000 tons per year of general cargo. All conditions of local cooperation have been fulfilled except items (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) of the act of March 3, 1925, which have been eliminated by the act of July 3, 1930. In the outer harbor the city of Los Angeles has built 2,500 linear feet of breakwater and bulkhead and approximately 6,200 linear feet of seawall along the south side of Terminal Island to retain fills made in connection with the reclamation of water frontage. The city has also dredged approximately .2,154,498, cubic yard of mate- rial from the outer harbor, and private interests have dredged an additional 2,700,000 cubic yards channelward of pierhead lines. In the inner harbor the city has dredged 20,544,588 cubic yards of mate- rial, and private interests have dredged an additional 5,251,000 cubic yards channelward of pierhead lines. Total cooperative dredging 30,650,086 cubic yards. Long Beach Harbor.-The city of Long Beach has dredged Cerri- tos Channel 200 feet wide and 32 feet deep from the Long Beach turning basin west to the city line, removing therefrom 1,672,726 cubic yards of material at a cost of $262,527.23. The city has also deepened the ocean entrance channel and turning basin, together with channels Nos. 2 and 3, removing therefrom 9,532,418 cubic yards of material at a cost of $1,615,638.20. It has also constructed at its own expense 7,284 feet of breakwater, containing 1,206,767 tons of stone, at a cost of $2,068,929. In addition, private interests have RIVERS AND HARBORS-LOS ANGELES, CALIF., DISTRICT 1719 dredged 7,974,339 cubic yards channelward of approved channel lines at a total cost of $797,433.89. Terminal facilities.--The Los Angeles Harbor district comprises the San Pedro area, west of the main channel, the Wilmington area, at the north end of the harbor and the Terminal Island area, east of the main channel. In the entire Los Angeles Harbor there is a total of 63,279 linear feet of wharves, of which amount 41,921 feet are: municipally owned and 21,358 feet are privately owned. A few city wharves are operated under franchise. Municipally owned wharves are served by 15,738 linear feet of transit sheds, and the private wharves by 2,877 linear feet. All municipally owned wharves are equipped with fresh-water lines and some wharves have fuel-oil lines. All wharves in the three areas are directly connected to and served by four railroad systems, through the Harbor Belt Line Railroad and large car classification yards. Ten marine oil-loading stations in the harbor area have a total ship-side storage capacity of 5,000,000 barrels of crude and refined oils and can load 24 tankers simultane- ously. Lumber and other commodities are handled by ship's tackle. Heavy lifts are handled by a 200-ton shear leg crane at a shipyard or by a 90-ton floating derrick. During the past year the city has completed 320 linear feet of new wharf construction. In the San Pedro area there is a large municipally owned ware- house, a portion of which is used for bonded goods, a large municipal market serving an extensive fish industry and a privately owned cot- ton-compress plant and warehouse, with compress capacity of 210 bales per hour and storage for 50,000 bales. In the Wilmington area there are extensive lumber, oil, and gen- eral cargo wharves, with necessary sheds and yards, and a shipyard having a 12,000-ton floating dry dock, for construction and repair of vessels. In the Terminal Island area, the municipally owned wharves and warehouses are used principally for foreign trade. The city has con- structed a fish harbor in this area; with 2,500 linear feet of bulkhead and breakwater and 2,640 linear feet of wharf, which serves an im- portant fish industry. There is also an airport and a shipbuilding and repair plant with a 15,000-ton floating dry dock. All municipal wharves are open for public use. The city will soon complete in Slip No. 5 of the Wilmington area a cased oil shed and wharf with storage capacity of 227,000 cases, and has under contract the construction of 1,300 linear feet of wharves in the West Basin. Upon completion of the above additional wharves and shed, the terminal facilities will be entirely adequate for present commerce. The city of Los Angeles and private interests have spent a total of $41,733,159 for terminal facilities and harbor development pur- poses, including wharves, railroad tracks, ferry landings, streets, bridges, land, general construction, and dredging. Long Beach Harbor.-In Long Beach Harbor there is a total of 4,762 linear feet of wharves, of which 1,584 feet are municipally owned and 3,178 feet are privately owned. Approximately 1,600 linear feet of the municipal wharves and 60 feet of private wharves are open for public use. Direct rail connection is had with three railroad systems. 1720 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 There are now being constructed for the city of Long Beach in the outer harbor five modern berths, with a total of 2,539 linear feet of berthing space. The city also contemplates constructing within the current year transit sheds with all necessary terminal facilities in both the inner and outer harbor, at a cost of about $800,000. Upon completion of the additional wharves and sheds the terminal facilities will be entirely adequate for present commerce. There is a shipyard in Long Beach Harbor, with a floating dry dock of 2,500 tons capacity. (For further details of terminal facili- ties see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 13, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of inmprovenment.-The conduct of commerce by water has been facilitated and improved. The safe and easy movement into and out of the harbor of most vessels engaged in domestic and for- eign commerce has been made possible. In Los Angeles Harbor the commerce has increased 3,354 per cent in volume in the past 25 years. In Long Beach Harbor the commerce has increased from 358,899 tons in 1925 to 2,512,092 tons in 1929. The port has become one of principal importance. Operations and results during fiscal year.--Under contract 366,624 cubic yards was dredged in widening to 300 feet the channels on the easterly and westerly sides of the west basin, Los Angeles Harbor, completing the easterly channel. On account of the change in the harbor lines at the northerly end of the basin, requested by the harbor department of the city of Los Angeles, no dredging will be done along the northerly side. The riprap on the southerly and easterly sides of the reclaimed area at Reservation Poirit, Los Angeles Harbor, was washed out by the unusually heavy seas in that locality. Specifications for repairing this damage have been prepared and advertised for bids. The cost of this work was $131,866.23 for new work and $763.67 for maintenance, a total of $132,629.90. The amount expended during the fiscal year was $103,317.31. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 52 per cent com- pleted. The San Pedro breakwater was completed for a length of about 2.11 miles in' 1912. Dredging the project area in the outer harbor., westerly of the entrance to the inner harbor, to a depth of 35 feet at mean lower low water was completed in 1915. Dredging the triangular area, easterly of the entrance to the inner harbor, to depth of 35 feet was completed in 1926. Dredging the main inner harbor channel to 1,000 feet in width and 35 feet depth was completed in 1929. The southwesterly half of the east basin channel was dredged to 300 feet width and 32 feet depth in 1928. The city of Los Angeles has dredged channels 200 feet wide and 30 feet deep on the easterly, northerly, and westerly sides of the west basin. This work was completed in 1927. All of the above dredging was in Los Angeles Harbor. Cerritos Channel, connecting Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors, was completed to 300 feet width and 32 feet depth in 1926. The silt-diversion works were completed in 1923. Dredging to 40-foot depth in the Long Beach turning basin was completed in 1925 and the entrance channel in 1926. On June 30, 1930, the controlling depths at mean lower low water in the channels included in the approved project were as follows: In Los Angeles Harbor it is 35 feet in the approach to the channels RIVERS AND HARBORS-LOS ANGELES, CALIF., DISTRICT 1721 in the outer harbor, in the triangular area, in the inner harbor en- -trance channel, in the turning basin, and in the northeasterly half •of the east basin channel; 30 feet in the channels on the four sides -of the west basin; and 32 feet in the southwesterly half of the east basin channel and in Cerritos Channel. In Long Beach Harbor it is -40 feet in the turning basin and 31 feet in the entrance channel. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is extend- ing the breakwater easterly, a distance of 12,500 feet; widening the fairway at the entrance to Los Angeles inner harbor; widening to 300 feet the channel on a portion of the westerly side of the west basin; dredging to depth of 35 feet in east basin channel, Los Angeles Harbor; dredging Cerritos Channel 400 feet wide and 35 feet deep in Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors, and dredging the entrance to Long Beach inner harbor 35 feet deep and 300 to 500 feet wide. The cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was '$9,183,281.71 for new work and $279,206.98 for maintenance, a total of $9,462,488.69. The amount expended on all parts of the existing project was $9,433,251.10. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance of $252,075.36 will -be applied as follows: New work : Dredging West Basin channels Los Angeles Harbor to project dimensions, by contract, July, 1930-January, 1931___.- $133, 260. 00 :Maintenance: Repairs to rock revetment and fill of Reservation Point tract, by contract, October, 1930-December, 1930_ _.... 118, 815. 36 Total . 252, 075. 36 The additional sum of $375,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: New work: Dredging southwesterly portion, East Basin Channel, Los Angeles Harbor, to project dimensions, by contract, July, 1931-October, 1931_ -- -__________-- ________ $158, 000.00 Dredging entrance channel, Long Beach Harbor, to project di- mensions, by contract or by Government plant, November, 1931-March, 1932 -------------------------------- ---- 92, 000. 00 :Maintenance: Repairs to Long Beach breakwater, by contract, July, 1931-September, 1931----------------------------------- 125, 000. 00 Total -------------------------------------------- 375, 000. 00 Commercial statistics, Los Angeles Harbor.-The commerce con- -sists principally of lumber, crude oil, and general merchandise. Comparative statement Calendaryear Passengers Short tons Value Calendar year Passengers Short tons Value 1924.......... 739, 221 22. 214, 137 $611,133, 664 1927.-..... -819,134 26, 228, 658 $898, 486, 436 1925.......... 811, 034 20, 310,742 760, 623,006 846, 290 1928-------.......... 25, 696, 430 956, 702, 033 1926------.. - 807,410 24, 079, 877 895, 036,648 1929..........I,020,781 29, 106, 095 1,088,464,363 Numerous vessels make Los Angeles Harbor a port of call, and there is a large tonnage that enters and leaves the harbor for other destinations without unloading. The amount of this commerce is unknown and can not be obtained at reasonable cost. All commerce entering the outer or inner harbor is benefited by the protection of the breakwater. Vessels docking in the outer harbor 1722 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARIY, 1930 are benefited by the dredging there, and those entering the inner harbor are benefited by the dredging of the channels traversed by them. The usual limits of draft are about 22 feet for loaded lumber vessels and 30 to 32 feet for foreign and interocean commerce and for oil-carrying vessels. The following lines of transportation were established during the year: Lewis-Bean Co., Christenson-Hammond Line, Shepard Line, Lloyd Royal Belge, American-Mexican Steamship Corporation,. Canadian-American Shipping Co., Mallory Line, Blue Funnel Line,. Dollar Steamship Co. (Inc.) (Ltd.), to Manila and Shanghai direct,. Matson Navigation Co. to Manila direct, and Barber Line to Manila and round the world. The Maersk Line changed their name to Isbrandtsen-Moller Co. (Ltd.); the Luckenbach Line incorporated their Gulf line as Luckenbach-Gulf Steamship Co. (Inc.). The Canadian National Steamships, Mexican States Line, and Hammond Line were abandoned during the year. Long Beach Harbor.-The commerce consists principally of lum- ber, crude oil, and general merchandise. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925 ......--------- 358, 899 $2, 952, 612 ------------- 1928---------.......... 1, 961, 075 $33, 794, 918 1721 1926---------. 1, 072, 907 10, 980, 901 118 1929---------.......... 2, 512, 092 45, 497, 920-.-- ... -- 1927-._-. 1,472, 524 20,335, 964.. - No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 _ ------ ___ $11, 188, 792. 51 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_-------------________ 394, 997. 45 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 11, 583, 789. 96 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------ ---- 503.32 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-__________,____- -__ 11, 584, 293. 28 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ------ --______-- ____-__ 29, 740. 91 Net total expenditures____----- ----------- 11, 554, 552. 37 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 --------- -- _____ ______ 252, 075. 36 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_---_____ 11, 806, 627. 73 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....-------------------- $419, 229. 86 $194, 371. 06 $904, 895. 66 $791, 959. 50 $131, 866. 23 Cost of maintenance ---- 763. 67 Total cost-............--------------------........... 419, 229. 86 194, 371. 06 904, 895. 66 791, 959. 50 132, 629. 90 Total expended---.........-------------------....... 419, 229.86 194, 371.06 863, 515.30 906, 258. 86 103, 317. 31 Allotted--------------------------------920,000.00 1,000,000 250,000.00 175,000.00 195,000.00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-LOS ANGELES, CALIF., DISTRICT 1723 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ ___- - _______-----$160, 392. 67 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-----------------------------------------195, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_----- ------- 355, 392. 67 Gross amount expended ______--------103, 317. 31 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--____-- ___--------- 252, 075. 36 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--- $478. 94 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts ---------- 103, 791. 21 104, 270. 15 Balance available June 30, 1930--------------------- 147, 805. 21 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ----------------------------------- 8, 346, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 : For new work ------------------------------------------ 250, 000.00 For maintenance _____________-- ------------ --------------- 125, 000. 00 Total -------------------------------------------- 375, 000. 00 3. SAN LUIS OBISPO HARBOR, CALIF. The project was completed in 1913. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year; no balance is available; and no work is con- templated during the next two years, as it is not believed that any work will be necessary. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1928, page 1609. Commercial statistics.--The commerce consists principally of crude oil. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925_.-_------------------ 1, 111, 812 $10, 160, 280 ------------------ 1, 330, 886 1928...... $13, 416, 421 1926_-------------.... ... 1, 436, 380 13, 187, 853 1929--....-----------------978, 670 11, 954, 222 1927---...---------------- 1, 390, 761 11, 358, 122 All commerce entering the harbor is affected by protection of the breakwater. The usual limits of draft are about 19 feet for loaded lumber vessels and 29 to 31 feet for oil-carrying vessels. Cost and flnanoil summaar ,Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------___ $568, 417. 13 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__-------------------___ 19, 715. 08 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------- 588, 132. 21 Net total expenditures ... ____------------- ---- 588, 132.21 'Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------------- 588, 132. 21 ' Exclusive of available funds. 1724 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------------------ -------- Cost of maintenance------------------ ---------------------- $3, 47539 ---------- ------------ Total expended..--- ....----------------------------- $14, 641. . 89... 4, 830.32 -, ........... Allotted--...------------------------- $20,000.00 2,000.00 -2, 527. 79 ...................--- 4. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line studies; administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year ariounted to $15,390.91, the ex- penditures were $15,499.08. The $4,525.36, balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $15,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------......... ---------- $16, 739. 24 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---------- -- 148. 33 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 -------------------------- 16, 590. 91 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930_ -- -- ---------- 103.84 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 694.75 1---------------------16, Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_--_-------- ----- --------- 20. 11 Net total expenditures..------------ -- 16, 674. 64 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------- 4, 525. 36 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_ - 21, 200. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work- ....... ._............. .. .. .. ..- Cost of maintenance----------------__ -------- --.------------- $1, 200.00 $15, 390. 91 ....... Total expended- - -- ------- ---- ------- 1 ,175.56 15, 499.08 A llo tted --- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- -- --- -- -- - --- --- -- --- -- 2, 500. 00 18,700. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS--LOS ANGELES, CALIF., DISTRICT 1725 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 _.---------------------- - $1,324. 44 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved : May 28, 1930 --- --------------------------- 2, 800. 00 Feb. 28, 1929--------__----------------------- 7, 900. 00 Mar. 23, 1928-------------------------------- 8, 000. 00 18, 700. 00 Amount to be accounted for- _-_ ------------------ 20, 024. 44 Gross amount expended___----- ---------------- 15, 499.08 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---___ -- __ __-4, 525. 36 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ---------------------------- 220. 15 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------------4, 305.21 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ------------------------------ 103. 84 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930---------------4, 409. 05 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, - 15, 000. 00 1932, for maintenance __ __-_-_-_- EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED SEPTEMBER 22, 1922, JANUARY 21, 1927, AND JULY 3, 1930 The local engineer was charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts approved September 22, 1922, January 21, 1927, and July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted as soon as practicable: 1. Newport Bay, Calif. 2. Hueneme Harbor, Calif. 3. San Diego Harbor, Calif. 4. Los Angeles Harbor, Calif. 5. Alanmitos Bay, Calif. REPORTS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, UNITED STATES SENATE, AND THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated September 26, 1929, a review of reports on San Diego, Harbor, Calif., printed in House Document No. 773, sixty-ninth Congress, second session, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee January 31, 1930, and printed in Senate Document No. 81, seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project at a total estimated cost of $756,000, with no increase in the estimated cost of maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolution dated June 10, 1929, a review of reports on Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors, Calif., printed in House Docu- ment No. 349, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee April 1.1, 1930, and printed in Senate Document No. 130, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project at a total estimated cost for new work of 1Exclusive of available funds. 1726 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, T. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 $1,346,000, with $125,000 annually for maintenance, subject'to certain provisions. By resolutions dated February 25, 1927, and January 24, 1928, a review of reports on Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors, Calif., printed in House Document No. 349, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session, was requested. Report thereon was transmitted to the com- mittee April 11, 1930, and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 33, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recom- mendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for the construction of a detached breakwater 12,500 feet long, of composite type, and of a design approved by the Chief of Engineers, at an estimated cost of $7,000,000, with $50,000 annually for maintenance. By resolution of the Committee on Commerce, United States Sen- ate, dated October 10, 1929, a review of prior reports on Morro Bay, Calif., is requested, and report thereon will be submitted as soon as practicable. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT This district comprises all the waterways and their tributaries along the Pacific coast from the Big Sur River, Calif. (about 124 miles south of the entrance to San Francisco Harbor), on the south to the Oregon State line on the north, except the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers and their tributaries. District engineer: Maj. E. H. Ropes, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Lieut. Col. J. Franklin Bell, Corps of Engi- neers, to November 30, 1929; Lieut. Col. Thomas M. Robins, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Harbor at San Francisco, 9. Petaluna Creek, Calif------ 1758 Calif_ ____1726 10. San Rafael Creek, Calif___ 1761 2. Redwood Creek, Calif------- 1732 11. Monterey Harbor, Calif--... 1763 3. Oakland Harbor, Calif-----. 1734 12. Humboldt Harbor and Bay, 4. Richmond Harbor, Calif-... 1742 Calif------------------ 1765 5. San Pablo Bay and Mare Is- 13. Cresent City Harbor, Calif_ 1769 land Strait, Calif-------- 1747 14. Noyo River, Calif---------- 1772 6. Suisun Bay Channel, Calif___ 1751 15. Examinations, surveys, and 7. Suisun Channel, Calif------- 1754 contingencies (general)__ 1774 8. Napa River, Calif ------- 1756 1. HARBOR AT SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. Location and description.-The works included under this project are in San Francisco Bay, in the vicinity of San Francisco, and in the approach channels to Golden Gate Strait, the bay entrance: San Francisco Bay is formed by a deep depression roughly paral- leling the coast line, and is separated from the ocean by two penin- sulas between which the Golden Gate, a deep strait about 1 mile wide, forms the entrance to the bay. Outside the entrance there is a crescent-shaped bar through which there are three approach chan- RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1727 nels: Bonita or north channel, a natural deep-water channel closely following the coast line on the north; the main ship channel, dredged through the bar in prolongation of the Golden Gate; and the south channel, paralleling the coast line to the south. San Fran- cisco is located on the north end of the southern peninsula with the port facing the bay on the north and east. Islais Creek is a small tidal tributary within the city of San Francisco. Original condition.-Before improvement navigation was ob. structed by inadequate depths in the main ship channel and by rocks in the Bonita Channel and within the bay. The controlling depths were 54 feet in Bonita Channel, 34 feet in the main ship channel, and 35 feet in the south channel. At the mouth of Islais Creek the depths along the pierhead line were 23 feet or more; thence bayward to the natural deep channel of San Francisco Bay there was a shoal area of some 300 acres extent with depths of 34 feet or less and an average depth of 28 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1868, and modified by the acts of June 10, 1872, June 23, 1874, March 3, 1899, June 13, 1902, June 25, 1910, and September 22, 1922. The total cost of the previous projects and modifications thereof was $1,360,141.11, of which $1,030,398.99 was for new work and $329,742.12 for maintenance. The total expendi. tures on the original and modified projects were $2,532,448.64. For further details of previous projects see page 1978 of Annual Report for 1915, page 1749 of Annual Report for 1921, and page 1633 of Annual Report for 1929. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel through the San Francisco Bar on the line of the main ship channel, 45 feet deep and 2,000 feet wide; the removal of Presidio Shoal, Rincon Reef (inner), Rincon Reef (outer), Blossom Rock, and Alcatraz Shoal westward of a north and south line 2,000 feet west of Alcatraz Light to a depth of 40 feet; the removal of Arch Rock, Shag Rocks Nos. 1 and 2, Harding Rock, Raccoon Shoal, and Point Knox Shoal westward of a north and south line through Point Stuart Light to a depth of 35 feet; and the removal of a portion of the shoal channelward of the pierhead line near the mouth of Islais Creek to a depth of 34 feet, including the approach channel E shown on map printed in House Document No. 337, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session, and the area adjacent to and immediately south of it. All depths refer to mean lower low water. The tidal range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 5.7 feet, with an extreme range of 10.2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1930 is $1,418,600, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $225,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of January 21, 1927, providing for the dredg- ing at Islais Creek (H. Doc. No. 337, 69th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the remainder of the project (H. Doc. No. 196, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps are in the project documents. Recommended modiflations of project.--None. 11714---ENG 1930--109 1728 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19.30 Local cooperation.-The project for deepening the bar channel and for removing rocks and shoals in San Francisco Bay was adopted without conditions being imposed. The State owns the water front and practically all the terminals of San Francisco, costing about $50,000,000 to date, including cost of dredging, for which purpose the State maintains two clamshell dredges and attendant plant. The Islais Creek project required that no work be done on area E until the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers had received satisfactory assurances that the State would dredge to att least 34 feet the Islais Creek Channel from the United States pierhead line to the vicinity of the existing State terminals; that no work be done on the remainder of the project until such time as in the opinion of the Secretary of War and Chief of Engineers it is rendered necessary by additional terminal developments along the bay front; and that local interests, if they desire the work done by hydraulic pipe- line dredge and the material deposited ashore, shall contribute the entire excess cost involved in dredging by this method above the estimated cost of doing the work with a sea-going hopper dredge, and shall furnish without cost to the United States suitable dumping grounds for the dredged materials and all necessary levees, bulk- heads, drainage canals, sluiceways, or other structures required therefor. The boal d of State harbor commissioners completed in 1927 the dredging of Islais Creek Channel landward of the pierhead line to a depth of 35 feet. The Islais Creek reclamation district has stated in writing that the dredged material is not desired for reclamation purposes. Terminl facilities.-The State has 43 piers about 100 to 380 feet wide and 600 to 1,400 feet long; 21 ferry slips; a large union pas- senger depot; 18,110 linear feet of sea wall and other bulkhead or open wharves; 32 sea wall lots of land and bulkhead property, amounting to 1,721,680 square feet; and a tract of 25 acres leased to a railroad company. The wharves and piers provide about 18 miles of berthing space and occupy 181 acres, of which 4,407,300 feet of floor space is covered with modern sheds. All piers, wharves, and ferry slips are State owned or controlled and occupy that part of the water front from the Presidio Military Reservation on the west to the southern boundary line of the city of San Francisco. Spur tracks extend onto practically all piers, giving direct connec- tion with the State Belt Railroad, 57 miles in length. The water terminals which handle bulk freight are equipped with mechanical freight-handling devices. Practically all of the piers have ample warehouse storage facilities. The transfer of freight is done mainly by ship's tackle direct to cars. Liquids are handled through pipe lines. The State owns 9 switching locomotives and 1 locomotive crane. The present assignments allot 1 pier for railroad express business; 7 wharves for lumber trade; 22 piers for vessels engaged in foreign and offshore trade; 16 piers for coastwise trade; 2 basins inclosed with rock walls for the fishing business; 2 wharves and 1 slip for use of towboats and launches; 21 ferry slips, 15 for pas- sengers and autos and 6 for car ferries; 2 piers for the use of river boats operating to the Sacramento, San Joaquin, and other rivers; RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1729 and 1 wharf with elevator and storage space for handling grain. The facilities are publicly owned and are open to the general public for use on a rental basis at uniform and reasonable rates. They are considered adequate for existing commerce. Contemplated improve- ments include the reclamation of land in the Islais Creek district to provide facilities for lumber and other interests, the construction of nine new piers between the foot of Washington Street and the foot of Lombard Street. One of these piers is already under construc- tion. The first unit of a cold-storage plant, to provide shipside cold- storage facilities, is being constructed. There are 3 United States Army Transport Service piers at Fort Mason, San Francisco, of con- crete-pile construction, which have spur-track railroad connections, 3,292 linear feet of berthing space, and 81,117 square feet of floor space under modern sheds, and 1 small wharf of steel-pile construc- tion used for light-draft vessels. On the Presidio Military Reserva- tion there are 2 small wharves of ordinary lumber-pile construction belonging to the Army. The Bethlehem Ship Building Corporation has 2 large graving docks at Hunters Point and 3 floating dry docks at its Potrero plant. (For the latest published description of the terminal facilities, see Port Series No. 12, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvemenwt.--The removal of the subaqueous rocks about the entrance and within the harbor and the improvement of the main channel through the San Francisco bar have greatly re- duced the hazards of navigation, particularly in unfavorable weather, but the consequent saving in losses to shipping has not been reflected in freight rates either by rail or by water, so far as can be determined from the records. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. hopper dredges A. Mackenzie and San Pablo worked on the San Francisco bar on September 19, 1929, and January 22 and 23, 1930, respectively, re- moving 3,584 cubic yards of material. The above was maintenance under the previous project. The San Pablo worked on Islais Creek Shoal from December 13, 1929, to March 9, 1930, and on May 31, 1930, removing 730,454 cubic yards of material. This was new work under existing project. The district motor boats Suisun and H. L. Demeritt were used for harbor surveys, inspections, and patrol work. The cost was $41,- 902.75 for new work and $14,678.01 for maintenance, a total of $56,580.76. The total expenditures were $50,234.59. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The dredging of area E of Islais Creek Shoal was completed in 1930. The controlling depth over this area at the end of the fiscal year was 35 feet. No work has been done on the area adjacent and immediately south of area E of Islais Creek Shoal, nor has any work been done on the deepening of the San Francisco bar channel and removal of rocks and shoals in San Francisco Bay authorized by the act of July 3, 1930. On February 18, 1930, the date of the last survey, the controlling depth in the channel across the bar was 41 feet at mean lower low water for the full project width. The cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $53,601.67 for new work and $377.88 for main- tenance, a total of $53,979.55. The total expenditure was $53,979.55. 1730 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Proposed operations.-Thefunds unexpended July 1, 1930, will be applied to maintenance as follows: Redredging in the channel across the bar with Government hopper dredge and hired labor, 4 months (September to December, 1930), at $20,000 per month------ ------------------------------ $80, 000. 00 Patrolling by district motor boats Suisun and H. L. Demeritt, 12 months (July, 1930 to June, 1931), at $1,666.67 per month------- 20, 000. 00 Annual overhaul of dredge A. Mackenzie, August, 1930----------- 28, 175. 55 Total------------------- ------------------------------ 128, 175. 55 It is expected that the funds will be exhausted June 30, 1931. The sum of $440,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: New work: Removal of Presidio Shoal with Government plant and hired labor, about 4% months at $20,000 per month------ $94, 000 Removal of rocks by contract, 12 months----------- __ 256, 000 Total------__ ----------------------------------------- 350, 000 Maintenance : Redredging in the channel across the bar with Government hopper dredge'and hired labor, 3% months (July to October, 1931) at $20,000 per month-------------------------------------70,000 Patrolling by district motor boats, Suisun and H. L. Demeritt, 12 months (July, 1931, to June, 1932), at $1,666.67 per month___ 20, 000 Total ------------------------------------------------- 90,000 Grand total---- ____________- -____-___________ 440, 000 The above funds will be needed to remove Presidio Shoal, to be- gin the work of rock removal authorized by the 1930 river and harbor act existing project, to restore and maintain adequate depth for navigation in the channel across the bar after the winter of 1931-32, and to do the usual patrolling work pertaining to the project. The amount to be expended for maintenance is greater than the average expended during the past five years because the bar channel was not completed until 1926. Prior to that year main- tenance work consisted practically only of patrolling. It is not believed that maintenance will be necessary at Islais Creek Shoal during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-The principal commodities handled at this port are vegetable food products, lumber, paper, petroleum products, cerhent, coal, crushed rock, sand, salt, copper, iron and steel, pipe and fittings, tinplate, automobiles, electrical and other machinery, and miscellaneous unclassified cargo. Practically all of the com- merce summarized below for this harbor is benefited by its general improvement. Large freighters and trans-Pacific and other liners usually have drafts from 26 to 34 feet, ordinary freighters from 20 to 26 feet, coastwise vessels from 14 to 20 feet, and bay, river, and ferry boats from 6 to 12 feet. The increase in tonnage and value of the foreign traffic is principally due to larger movements of raw silk, paper, iron and steel, tobacco, asphalt, gasoline, kerosene, automo- biles, electrical and other machinery, and miscellaneous unclassified cargo. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1731 Comparative tatement of traf/to Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925 Q2,4K5672 1.. 1R.$1,4, 8 1, 5 , 19 50 1928... 113, 651,947 1$1, 481,441, 801 157, 008, 408 190..1. 12, 057,449 1, 315;, 537,496 54, 760,771 1929_.. 114, 419,156 1 1,613, 104,860 658,259, 000 1927. 1 '13, 664, 688 1 1,427,318,572 '55, 264, 650 1 Exclusive of general ferry and car-ferry traffic. ! Includes 54,301,378 ferry passengers. 2 Includes 54,435,386 ferry passengers. 1 Includes 56,075,363 ferry passengers. 3 Includes 53,865,323 ferry passengers. 6 Includes 57,840,938 ferry passengers. Cost and finreaoiol srrmnuir Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------ $1, 084, 000.66 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930- -------------------- 330, 120. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 , 414, 120. 66 1--------- Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930--------- 1, 132,711.11 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 --------------------- 2, 546, 831. 77 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930---------------------- 40, 957. 35 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 ------------------ 2, 587, 789. 12 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------- 1,360. 93 Net total expenditures------ ---------------------- 2, 586,428. 19 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--- 28, 175. 55 1----------------------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 2, 714, 603. 74 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-__--- __-_,____- $43, 263. 19 $55, 036. 40 $11, 698. 92 ...------------ $41, 902. 75 .15, Cost of maintenance _-------------_ 319. 51 135, 555. 20 38,923. 36 $88,828. 67 14, 678. 01 Total cost_------__ -- _____---58, 582. 70 190, 591. 60 50, 622. 28 88,828. 67 56, 580. 76 Total expended___ _______________ ___ 58, 582. 70 190, 591. 60 797, 078. 12 -12, 144. 81 50, 234. 59 .. Allotted ____________________.. ... .. .... 73, 500. 00 ...----------- 864, 000. 00 -25, 000. 00 30, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__------------------ $148, 410. 14 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930___ 2, _____ May 193------------------------------------- ---- 70, 000. 00 70000 Amount to be accounted for_ -------------------------- 218, 410. 14 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment --------------- 40, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for ---------------------- 178, 410. 14 Gross amount expended ------------------------ $50, 427. 31 Less receipts from sales ----- ------ 192. 72 50, 234. 59 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------- 128, 175. 55 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------- -------------- 16, 207.77 Balance available June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 111, 967. 78 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930--------- ------------ ------- 40, 957. 35 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 -------------- 152, 925. 13 1732 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, 1'. S. AR Y, 19 3 0 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 __--------------- $1, 365, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - 350, 000. 00 For maintenance 90, 000. 00 Total1 - ' __ 440, 000. 00 2. REDWOOD CREEK, CALIF. Location and description.-Redwood Creek is a tributary of San Francisco Bay, about 20 miles south of the city of San Francisco. The total length of the stream is about 8 miles. The limit of navigan tion is at the site of the highway bridge, 750 feet downstream from East Bradford Street, Redwood City. The navigable portion is a tidal slough about 51/2 miles long that meanders through the marsh- lands between Redwood City and the bay. The flow in the creek is practically entirely tidal. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 5531.) Original condition.-The original channel had a width of 80 to 400 feet up to Redwood City and was dry at low water in a number of places, making navigation possible only at the medium or higher stages of the tide. The natural depths were 13 to 20 feet for a dis- tance of about 21/2 miles from the mouth to West Point slough; thence 2 to 7 feet for 214 miles above that point to the mouth of Steinberger slough, about three-fourths mile below Redwood City; thence to Redwood City there was no water at low tide. The head of navigation was at Redwood City, 51/2 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of July 5, 1884, and modified by the act of June 13, 1902. The cost and expenditures of the original and modified projects was $31,- 442.66. (For further details of previous projects see p. 1979 of Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for a channel 20 feet deep at mean lower low water and 200 feet wide from San Francisco Bay to the junction of Redwood Creek and West Point slough, with an enlargement at the head, about 1,000 feet long and 350 feet wide; thence 5 feet deep at mean lower water and 150 feet wide to the old municipal wharf on the right bank at the mouth of Steinberger slough, about three-fourths of a mile below Redwood City. The tidal range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water at the mouth of the creek is 8 feet, with an extreme range of about 11 feet. The estimated cost of new work, revised in 1930, is $62,300, exclu- sive of amounts expended under previous projects, but inclusive of $26,000 to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, which provided for a 5-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1733 307, 61st Cong., 2d sess.), and modified by the act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doec. No. 142, 70th Cong., 1st sess.), which provided for the 20-foot channel. The latest published maps are in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Underthe provisions of the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, local interests are to contribute one-half the first cost of the 20-foot project ($26,000) and are to furnish suitable dump- ing grounds, together with necessary bulkheads and other structures pertaining thereto. These conditions have not been complied with. Local interests have dredged the channel at the junction of Red- wood Creek and West Point slough 20 feet deep and are maintaining that depth. Terminal facilities.-There are six open-pile wharves of ordinary pile construction and one bulkhead landing on Redwood Creek and one wharf on West Point slough. Five of the wharves are for the exclusive use of the owners, and one wharf and the bulkhead landing are open to all craft on equal terms. Two wharves and the bulkhead landing have highway con- nections; there are no railroad connections. Two of the wharves are used by ocean-going vessels, the balance by light-draft freight boats and barges. One of the deep-water wharves is equipped with oil pipe lines for receiving fuel oil and a belt conveyor for handling cement shipments. One wharf has mechanical equipment for unload- ing shells from barges. In addition there are a number of small landings used for loading salt and shells, most of which are in poor condition. The above facilities are considered adequate for the existing com- merce. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-No work has yet been done under the existing project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work performed consisted of the usual surveys, inspections, and collection of com- mercial statistics. The cost was $389.15, all for maintenance. The expenditures were $389.15. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 16.5 per cent com- pleted. There is a channel with a controlling depth of about 14 feet and a minimum width of about 150 feet from the bay to the junction of Redwood Creek and West Point slough; thence 4 feet deep to Smith Creek; thence shoaling to mean lower low water at the head of the project. Above this point the channel is dry at low water. The head of navigation is at the site of the new highway bridge, 750 feet downstream from East Bradford Street in Redwood City. No work has been done on the 20-foot project. The costs have been $10,320.80 for new work and $7,023.41 for maintenance, a total of $17,344.21. The expenditures have been the same. Proposed operations.-There are no funds pertaining to this project, and no work is contemplated during the fiscal years ending 1931, 1932; the relative desirability of the improvement in the inter- ests of commerce and navigation entailing the postponement of new work on the project. 734 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cammercia statistic.-The commerce of this waterway consists principally of clay, sand and shells, cement, fuel oil, hides and spent tanbark. The decrease in tonnage and value is due to smaller move- ments of clay, sand and shell, cement, and fuel oil. The majority of vessels using this waterway drew from 5 to 8 feet of water, while an appreciable number drew from 14 to 18 feet of water. About 1 per cent of the commerce for 1929 passed over the im- proved section of the creek. The value of this.portion of the com- merce was about 13 per cent of the value of the total commerce. Comparative statement of traffic Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925-------------------- 481, 820 $2, 298, 114 1928-------------------1, 122, 928 $3, 064, 091 1926_----- .-.--------- 821, 107 4, 498, 961 1929...--------------------998, 978 2, 279, 741 1927----.--__-----.-_ 815,790 2,775,693 Cost and ftnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 __-- --------------- $41, 763.46 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------- ----- 7, 023. 41 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 48 786.87 Nit total expendfures-...... ______- 48, 786. 87 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930____-- - _____------48, 786. 87 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work....------------------------- -------- ---------------- Cost of maintenance.__ $130. 01 $119. 36 $433. 60 $88. 40 $389. 15 Total expended...... .. 130. 01 .......------------------------- 119. 36 341.23 180. 77 389.15 Allotted............................. 500. 00 500.00 500. 00 ---.-.-- -- 405.79 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__--------------- ---- $794. 94 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment------------------405. 79 Net amount to be accounted for------------------ --------- 389. 15 Gross amount expended------- --------------------------- 389. 15 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------ 26, 000. 00 3. OAKLAND HARBOR, CALIF. Location and description.-This harbor is on the eastern side of San Francisco Bay, opposite the city of San Francisco. The inner harbor is situated between the cities of Oakland and Alameda and consists of an entrance channel about 750 feet wide and 2 miles long, protected by parallel training walls, a harbor from 1,000 to 3,000 feet wide and 3 miles long, and an artificial canal, about 2 miles long, from the harbor to San Leandro Bay. The frontage on San Francisco Bay extends from the south train- ing wall (Alameda mole) north to the key system pier, a distance of about 11/2 miles. It is divided by the Southern Pacific Oakland 1 In addition $26,000 is to be contributed by local interests. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1735 mole into two basins-the outer harbor north of the mole, and the middle harbor on the south. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Charts Nos. 5531 and 5532.) Original condition.--The inner harbor, known as San Antonio estuary, had a natural depth of about 10 feet and was separated from the bay by a bar over which the controlling depth was only about 2 feet. The outer harbor was a mud flat from 6 to 12 feet deep at mean lower low water. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 23, 1874, and modified by the river and harbor acts of June 13, 1902, March 2, 1907, and June 25, 1910. The cost of the original and modified projects prior to the adoption of the existing project was $4,386,801.03 for new work and $684,028.18 for maintenance, a total of $5,070,829.21. The expenditures were $5,070,- 829.21. (For further details of previous projects see p. 1979 of Annual Report for 1915, and p. 1755 of Annual Report for 1921.) Ecsting project.-This provides for an entrance channel about 11/2 miles long, 30 feet deep, and 800 feet wide, through the shoal southeast of Goat Island, narrowing to 600 feet at the ends of Oak- land Jetties; a channel from the ends of the jetties to the tidal canal, 30 feet deep, 600 feet wide, to the west end of Government Island, thence 500 feet wide through Brooklyn Basin; for dredging to a depth of 30 feet a triangular area about 2,700 feet long and of a maximum width of 300 feet at the western end of Brooklyn Basin; a turning basin at the east end of Brooklyn Basin 30 feet deep, 500 feet wide, and 1,200 feet long; a channel 1.9 miles long in the tidal canal, 30 feet deep and 275 feet wide from the Brooklyn Basin to Park Street, and 25 feet deep above the Park Street Bridge to San Leandro Bay; a total channel length of 101/2 miles. The project pro- vides also for an entrance channel to the outer harbor, 30 feet deep and 800 feet wide at the bay end, narrowing to 600 feet at the pier- head line. All depths are referred to mean lower low water. The project also includes parallel rubble-mound jetties at the entrance, a north jetty 9,500 feet long, and a south jetty 12,000 feet long; the maintenance of the north channel of Brooklyn Basin, 25 feet deep and 300 feet wide, the maintenance to 30 feet depth and to within 75 feet of the pierhead line of the area along the south side of the chan- nel from Harrison Street eastward to harbor line point No. 58 in Brooklyn Basin; and three highway bridges across the tidal canal, constructed by the United States and operated by local authorities. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 6.1 feet and the extreme range is 10 feet. The estimated cost of new work, authorized by the acts of Sep- tember 22, 1922, January 21, 1927, and July 3, 1930, is $1,492,000, of which $150,000 is to be contributed by local interests. In addition, dredging of the main channel to a sufficient overdepth to guarantee a 30-foot depth involves an expenditure of $1,035,000, which is in the nature of deferred maintenance. The latest 1930 approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $110,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The jetties, by the act of June 23, 1874 (Annual Report for 1874, pages 382-383); the north channel in Brooklyn Basin, by the act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 647, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); the channel across the shoal southeast of Goat Island, and thence to 1736 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Webster Street, the south channel in Brooklyn Basin, the turning basin at the east end of Brooklyn Basin, the channel in the tidal canal from Brooklyn Basin to Park Street, by the act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 144, 67th Cong., 2d sess.); the entrance chan- nel to the outer harbor by the act of January 21, 1927, as modified by the act of July 3, 1930 (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 43, 71st Cong., 2d sess.); the channel from Webster Street to Brooklyn Basin, the maintenance of the area to within 75 feet of the pierhead line south of the channel from Harrison Street to harbor line point No. 58 in Brooklyn Basin, the dredging of a triangular strip about 2,700 feet long and having a maximum width of 300 feet and the deepening to 25 feet of the tidal canal above Park Street to San Leandro Bay, by the act of January 21, 1927 (H. Doc. No. 407, 69th Cong., 1st sess.), as modified by the act of April 28, 1928. The drawbridges across the tidal canal were required by the decree of the court in the condemnation proceedings whereby title was obtained to the right of way for the canal. The latest published maps are in House Document No. 407, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session, and River and Harbor Committee Document No. 43, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommended modifications.of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Under the provisions of the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, local interests bear the expense of operation and maintenance of the three drawbridges across the tidal canal. The river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, provided that no work should be done above the Webster Street and Harrison Street bridges until those bridges had been removed or so altered, in accordance with plans approved by the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engi- neers, as to provide suitable facilities for navigation. This pro- vision was amended by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, stipulating that no work should be done above the Webster Street and Harrison Street bridges until the Secretary of War and Chief of Engineers had received satisfactory guaranties that those bridges would be removed or so altered in accordance with plans approved by them as to provide suitable facilities for navigation. The bridges have been removed and a vehicular tube has been built under the harbor to replace the Webster Street bridge. The act of January 21, 1927, required that local interests shall contribute 50 per cent, or $100,000, to the cost of the entrance chan- nel to the outer harbor; shall provide suitable disposal areas for ma- terial removed in connection with the project and its subsequent maintenance; together with all necessary levees, bulkheads, drain- age canals, sluiceways, or other structures required therefor; shall alter or replace the bridges over the tidal canal when, in the opinion of the Secretary of War, such alteration or replacement is necessary in the interest of navigation, and thereafter operate and maintain them; shall contribute 10 cents per cubic yard for material dredged in the tidal canal (approximately $50,000), with the privilege of using such material for land reclamation; and provided further that future maintenance by the United States of the north channel in Brooklyn Basin shall be contingent upon the removal by local interests of all sewers emptying therein, or, in lieu of such removal, upon the contribution of one-half of the cost of maintenance. (H. Doc. No. 407, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1737 The conditions above were modified by an act approved April 28, 1928 (H. Com. Doc. No. 7, 70th Cong., 1st sess.), to provide that the requirements regarding the replacement and future operation of the tidal canal bridges should apply only to the work of deepening the canal. All the above requirements have been satisfactorily met except those pertaining to the maintenance of the north channel' in Brooklyn Basin and the deepening of the tidal canal. The act of July 3, 1930, required that local interests furnish suit- able spoil-disposal areas needed in the construction and maintenance of the entrance channel to the outer harbor as modified, with such levees, spillways, and other structures as may be necessary. These conditions have not been complied with. Local interests have dredged in the inner harbor at a cost of about $2,500,000, including the cost of dredging the area south of the channel between Harrison Street and harbor line point No. 58 in Brooklyn Basin, now maintained by the United States. The city of Oakland has also spent about $1,300,000 in dredging channels in the outer harbor connecting with the entrance channel to be dredged under the project. Terminal facilities.-There are 87 wharves and 15 ferry slips in the harbor. Sixteen of the wharves are used for general cargo, 24 for lumber and building materials, 4 for bulk oils and coal, 30 as outfitting wharves, and 11 for miscellaneous purposes. Twenty- eight wharves are owned by the city of Oakland, of which 20 are leased to private interests and 7 are publicly operated. Thirteen of the general cargo wharves and 2 lumber wharves are open to the public on payment of charges; the balance of the wharves and the ferry slips are used exclusively by the owner or lessee. Forty-three wharves have spur tracks and at 17 others spur tracks are in the yards close by. Practically all general cargo is unloaded by ship's tackle, but special mechanical equipement on the wharves is used to unload building materials, coal, and copra. Sixteen of the wharves have transit sheds, and adequate warehouse facilities are available within a short distance of all of the wharves. The total berthing space in the harbor is about 52,000 linear feet, of which 15,000 feet is used for general cargo. There are 6 shipbuilding and repair plants in the harbor with 10 marine railways, 4 of which have a capacity in excess of 5,000 tons. There are also two floating dry docks which may be combined affording a total lifting capacity of 21.000 tons. These facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For the latest published description of the terminal facilities see Port Series No. 12, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-In the natural condition of the channel little facility for navigation was afforded; by improvement the com- munity has been given the full benefit of direct foreign and domestic commerce. Deep-draft ocean vessels regularly make this harbor a port of call. Operations and results during fiscal year.--In the outer harbor, the contract for making the 400-foot wide entrance channel to the Key Route Basin authorized by the act of January 21, 1927, was com- pleted November 20, 1929, 845,882 cubic yards of material being removed during the fiscal year. This was new work. 1738 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The U. S. hopper dredge San Pablo worked on the channel across Goat Island Shoal from August 19 to September 29, 1929, removing 287,781 cubic yards of material; the U. S. hopper dredge A. Mackenm zie worked on the channel at the entrance of the inner harbor from September 13 to September 19, 1929, removing 18,582 cubic yards of material. Dredging in the area adjoining the channel on the south between the east end of Brooklyn Basin and Harbor Line Point No. 58, under contract, was completed July 11, 1929, and 8,751 cubic yards of material were removed in that month. The tidal canal, at the mouth of Sausal Creek, was dredged by contract between May 26 and May 29, 1930, and 2,050 cubic yards of material were removed. The channel from the Western Pacific mole to 1,100 feet east of the Southern Pacific South Tower was dredged between August 19, 1929, and the end of the fiscal year, and 1,104,121 cubic yards of material were remoyed; of this quantity 875,300 cubic yards were deferred maintenance. Dredging in the channel for 8,700 feet from a point 1,100 feet east of the Southern Pacific South Tower, under contract, was begun June 9, 1930, and 100,700 cubic yards of material were removed between that date and the end of the fiscal year. This was deferred maintenance. The above was all maintenance. The cost of new work was $130,531.95-$53,792.70 from United States funds and $76,739.25 from contributed funds, and the cost of maintenance was $202,874.01 from United States funds, making a total of $333,405.96. The expenditures were $330,225.37, of which $253,486.12 were from United States funds and $76,739.25 from con- tributed funds. Condition. at end of fiscal year.-The project is 69 per cent com- pleted. The controlling depth across Goat Island Shoal is 31.5 feet for a width of 800 feet; thence 29.5 feet to Brooklyn Basin in the inner harbor; thence 27 feet to a point about 300 feet downstream from Park Street; thence 18 feet in the tidal canal to San Leandro Bay. The controlling depth in the north channel in Brooklyn Basin is 20 feet. The controlling depth in the entrance channel to the Key Route Basin is 33 feet. The work yet remaining to be done to complete the project is to deepen the tidal canal and widen the entrance channel to the outer harbor. The former can not be done until the existing bridges over the canal have been altered or replaced. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $1,838,151.51. The new work cost was $1,027,424.03, of which $943,877.01 was from United. States funds and $83,547.02 from con- tributed funds. The maintenance cost was $810,727.48, all United States funds. The total expenditures were $1,817,398.42, of which $1,733,851.40 were from United States funds and $83,547.02 from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended July 1, 1930,. amounting to $501,456.58, will be applied to the following work: Deferred maintenance dredging in the inner harbor from a point 1,100 feet east of the Southern Pacific Co.'s south high tower to Chestnut Street, Alameda, Calif., under contract, 12 months (July, 1930-June, 1931) ---------- - ---- --------- $471, 456. 58 Maintenance dredging in the channel across Goat Island Shoal and to the entrance of the inner harbor with Government hopper dredge and hired labor, 1% months (December, 1930, and Janu- ary, 1931), at $20,000 per month_-_----- -------------------- 30, 000. 00 Total --- -------------------------- ----------- 501,456. 58 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1739 The above work is necessary to restore project depths in the inner harbor channel and in the approach channel in the bay. It will practically complete the deferred maintenance dredging contemplated by the project. It is expected that the funds will be exhausted by June, 1931. The sum of $244,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: New work: Widening the entrance channel to the outer harbor by contract, 6 months (July-December, 1931) ------- ___------- -- $190, 000 Maintenance: Redredging in the channel to the outer harbor with Government hopper dredge and hired labor, 2 months (January and Febru- ary, 1932), at $20,000 per month---------------------------- 40, 000 Redredging in the inner harbor east of Chestnut Street, Alameda, by Government hopper dredge and hired labor, 1 month (De- cember, 1931), at $14,000 per month------------------------- 14, 000 Total maintenance_--------------- ---- 54, 000 Grand total ------------------------------------------ 244, 000 The above new work is necessary to provide an adequate channel to the outer harbor. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of this waterway consists of foreign, coastwise, intraport, and ferry traffic. The principal commodities handled were shells, canned pineapple, and other canned goods, copra, dried fruit, forest products, petroleum products, salt, crushed rock, sand, gravel, sulphur, ores, iron, and steel, and mis- cellaneous unclassified cargo. The increase in tonnage and value of the foreign traffic is prin- cipally due to larger movements of dried fruit, sulphur, and miscel- laneous unclassified cargo. Coastwise receipts and shipments have increased in tonnage and value due to larger movements of canned fish and other canned goods, lumber, petroleum products, iron and steel, and chemicals and drugs. The decrease in the intraport traffic is due to smaller movements of petroleum products and building materials. The usual limit of draft of ocean vessels is 30 feet, a very small number of ocean-going vessels exceeded this limit; the usual draft of ferry steamers is 12 feet and for river boats from 5 to 8 feet. Comparative statement of traffic Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925-.. 2, 766, 966 $173, 889, 886 45, 347, 215 1928-... 4, 334, 515 $262, 582, 072 43, 775, 378 1926-------- 3, 914, 173 209, 647, 755 45, 219, 078 1929-.... 5, 798, 889 326, 660, 368 45, 422, 695 1927- .... 3, 217, 897 200, 325, 445 1 44, 931, 609 1Includes 65,198 estuary passengers. 1740 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial summary UNITED STATES FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 -- $5, 330, 678.04 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--___-__--------- 1',494, 755. 66 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------- --- 6, 825, 433. 70 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930__________ 16, 650. 40 Net total cost to June 30, 1930__-- ____-- 6________6, 842, 084. 10 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930__. ----------------- 483. 20 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930__ ._---------_--- -- 6, 842, 567.30 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------ 37, 886. 69 Net total expenditures -- 6, 804, 680. 61 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------- ---------- 501, 456. 58 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 --- __------ - 7, 306, 1'37. 19 1 1 i Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 i 1 1 Cost of new work._---.-------------_-_. ... $163, 064. 10 $131, 653.63 $16, 003.31 $127, 786. 97 $53, 792.70 Cost of maintenance_...-- .------------- 62, 158. 77 96, 723.33 389, 815.32 31, 059. 05 202, 874. 01 Total cost...-----------.-... ---. 225, 222. 87 228, 376.'96 405, 818.68 158, 846. 02 256, 606. 71 Total expended,__..---------------------- 225, 222. 87 228, 376.96 414, 846.37 143, 448. 13 253, 486. 12 Allotted.-.-.---.- _..------------.... 244, 000. 00 300, 000. 00 252, 500. 00 92, 500. 00 480, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------_ __. ...--- ._ $274, 942. 70 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 --------.-- ---- -$250, 000.00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930------ -- ------------------------------ 230, 000. 00 480, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for__- --------------------- 754, 942.70 Gross amount expended _------------------- 253, 522. 21 Less receipts from sales- -------- -36. 09 3------------- 253, 486. 12 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_ --------------- 501, 456. 58 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ------------- 38, 406. 87 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts..---- ------ 147, 655. 84 186, 062.'71 Balance available June 30, 1930_-------------------- 315, 393. 87 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930_ 483.20 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930__---------- 315, 877. 07 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 - - - - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- 398, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitable expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - For new work 1- -1-- --- -- - - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - - - - - - - --------- 190, 000. 00 - -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - For maintenance 54, 000.00 Total1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- -- - - - - - --- - - 244, 000.00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1741 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---- __________-___-_____- $83, 547. 02 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------- --------- Net total expenditures- -------------------- ----------- ------ 83, 547. 02 Total amount contributed to June 30, 1930 --------- ------ 83, 547. 02 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---...... _-- _ ._-----_. ------------........... . $6, 807. 77 $76, 739. 25 Cost of maintenance......---------------------................------------------------------------------- Total expended------------------------ ------------------------ 6, 807. 77 76, 739. 25 Contributed-------------------------------------------------------------- 100, 000. 00 -16, 452. 98 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929______---- __---------------- $93,192.23 Deductions on account of unexpended balance returned to con- trbutors -------------- ---- ---------------------- 16, 452. 98 -------- Net amount to be accounted for____--,_ 76, 739. 25 Gross amount expended__--------- -- ___- - -76, 739. 25 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-------------------- 50, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED COST AND FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR OAKLAND HARBOR Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--__----------------- $5, 414, 225. 06 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------ ----- 1, 494, 755. 66 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------- 6, 908, 980. 72 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---------- 16, 650. 40 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 _________------------- 6, 925, 631. 12 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 -------------- ---------- 483. 20 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930___--- ____- __-__- 6, 926, 114. 32 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------ 37, 886. 69 Net total expenditures__-__ -- ________ -_____ _--_ 6, 888, 227. 63 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------- --------- 501, 456. 58 Total amount appropriated and contributed to June 30, 1930-- ---------------------------------------- 7, 389, 684. 21 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--. -__....-__ -- __-----$163, 064. 10 $131, 653.63 $16, 003. 31 $134, 594. 74 $130, 531.95 Cost of maintenance....................... ------ 62, 158. 77 96, 723. 33 389, 815. 32 31, 059. 05 202, 874. 01 Total expended..........-------..............---------------..... 225, 222.87 228, 376.96 414, 846.37 150, 255. 90 330, 225. 37 Allotted and contributed.--------------- 244,000.00 300, 000.00 252, 500.00 192,500.00 463,547.02 1742 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------------- $368, 134. 93 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930__--------------------- $250, 000. 00 1Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930---------- ------- -- ____ 230, 000. 00 480, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_--------------------- - . 848, 134. 93 Deductions on account of unexpended balance returned to con- tributors _----------------------- 16, 452. 98 Net amount to be accounted for-------------------------- 831, 681. 95 Gross amount expended--------------------------- $330, 261.46 Less receipts from sales_ __________-__-- __________ 36. 09 330, 225. 37 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------501, 456. 58 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_________________ 38, 406. 87 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts ----------- 147, 655. 84 186, 062. 71 Balance available June 30, 1930________________________ 315, 393. 87 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930__--_____ -- __ ____ __ -- __ 483. 20 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930___________-_ 315, 877.07 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - existing project 448. 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work 1------------------------ ------------------- 190, 000. 00 For maintenance 1------------------------------------------54, 000. 00 Total ------------------------------------------------- 244, 000.00 4. RICHMOND HARBOR, CALIF. Location and description.-This harbor is located on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay about 10 miles north of Oakland. It was formed by dredging a channel from deep water in San Fran- cisco Bay through shallow mud flats to the mouth of Ellis slough. The wharves and industries of the harbor are located principally on land reclaimed from the marshlands and tide flats adjoining the channel. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Chart No. 5532.) Original condition.-This locality had a minimum usable depth of about 6 feet in the outer part and the inner part was the mouth of a slough, dry at low water. Navigation in the inner part was pos- sible only at the higher stages of the tide. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep at mean lower low water from San Francisco Bay to Ellis slough, 400 feet wide between the bay and the turning basin at Municipal Wharf No. 1; thence 300 feet wide to Point Potrero; thence 475 feet wide to the north turning basin; for a turning basin 800 feet square with suitable approach widening at the northerly end of the improve- ment; for the maintenance of a turning basin opposite Point Potrero with a maximum width of 750 feet; and for the construction of a training wall 10,000 feet long extending in a general westerly direc- 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1743 tion from Brooks Island. The tidal range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 5.9 feet, with an extreme range of 10.5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $1,174,000. The latest 1930 approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $30,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 8, 1917, provided for a channel 24 feet deep, 600 feet wide, and for the training wall (H. doc. No. 515, 63d Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for a channel 30 feet deep, with widths as specified above (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 16, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Reommneded modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The acts adopting the project require local interests to contribute one-half the first cost of the work. To date the city of Richmond has contributed $433,000 for work within the project, and in addition has expended $143,000 in deepening portions .of the channel to 30 feet and $294,000 in dredging adjacent to the project channel. The city has also expended $165,000 for construc- tion of bulkheads to impound dredged material. Other local in- terests have spent $65,000 in dredging adjacent to the channel, and are dredging a channel 300 feet wide, 30 feet deep, and 4,000 feet long in Ellis slough adjoining the upper end of the project channel at an esitmated cost of $300,000. Terminal facilities.-There are 9 wharves and 4 ferry slips in Rich- amond Harbor proper, and 5 wharves in Ellis slough and minor water- ways tributary to Richmond Harbor at the northern extremity. 'Three of the wharves in Richmond Harbor are municipally owned, but are leased to private interests, who operate them as public wharves. Five are used by ocean-going vessels and four by intraport vessels. Two wharves are used exclusively for handling petroleum prod- ucts, 2 for general cargo, 1 for intraport receipts of sugar for trans- shipment by railroad, and 1 for coastwise receipts of lumber. All the above have railroad connections. The others are small wharves used exclusively by their owners in connection with various businesses. The facilities are adequate for existing commerce, but it is under- stood that the construction of additional wharves are contemplated in connection with new industrial plants. Effect of improvemient.-The improvement has made the harbor .accessible for ocean vessels, resulting in a saving in freight charges to the industries located in and near the city of Richmond. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The channel from the municipal basin to Point Potrero was widened from 200 to 300 feet by dredging under contract between November 25, 1929, and January 8, 1930, and 564,210 cubic yards of material were removed. The ,channel from a point 500 feet north of harbor line point " e " to the turning basin for a width of 200 feet and the turning basin were dredged by contract between January 9, 1930, and April 12, 1930, and 183,744 cubic yards of material were removed. All the above 11714---EGQ 196-----110 1744 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 dredging was 30 feet deep, the United States paying one-half the costs of the work authorized by the project, and local interests paying all the balance of the costs. the channel east of Point Potrero was widened from 350 to 475 feet by dredging under contract between April 19, 1930, and June 19, 1930, and 202, 973 cubic yards of mate- rial were removed. Work was begun on the extension of the training wall, under contract, on December 30, 1929, and 130,131 tons of stone were placed between that date and the end of the fiscal year. The last two items were done under the project. All the above work was new work. The cost of the above work was $141,260.52 for new work, of which $82,703.33 were from United States funds and $58,557.19 from con- tributed funds. The expenditures were $157,265, of which $57,658.92 were from United States funds and $99,606.08 from contributed funds. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 25 per cent completed. There is a channel 26.5 feet deep and 450 feet wide from San Francisco Bay to the basin at Municipal Wharf No. 1; thence 26 feet deep and 300 feet wide to Point Potrero, with a widening to 750 feet at the turn at that point, thence 27 feet deep and 475 feet wide to a point 500 feet north of harbor line point "'e "; thence 21ffeet deep and 325 .feet wide. to the end of the project, with a. widening to about 725 feet for a length of 800 feet at the upper end of the channel, where the controlling depth is 30 feet. The training wall is completed for a length of 3,000 feet and 63.4 per cent com- pleted between that length and 7,000 feet. The work remaining to be done consists of deepening the channel to full project depth, enlarging the turning basin to project dimen- sions, and completing the training wall. The total cost of the exist- ing project to the end of the fiscal year was $141,260.52, all for new work. The expenditures were $116,216.11. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended July 1, 1930, amounting to $208,558.'9, together' with $132,678.03 of contributed funds, of which $62,678.03 is on hand and $70,000 is authorized to be contributed, will be applied to the following work: New work: Completion of the training wall by contract, July to December, 1930--------------------------------------- $265, 356. 06 Maintenance: Redredging upstream from Municipal Wharf No. 1 by con- tract, 3 months, January-April, 1931---------------------60,880. 76 Redredging in the channel bayward of Municipal Wharf No. 1 with Government hopper dredge and hired labor, 1 month, March, 1931---------- ------------- -------------- 15, 000. 00 Total maintenance--------------------- ------ - 75, 880. 76 Grand total---------------------------------------- 341, 236. 82 It is expected that the funds will be exhausted by April 30, 1931. Deterioration in the channel is heavy, due to its exposure to the wave-swept mud flats adjoining. Before 1927 the channels were not maintained to full project depth. Since 1927 the channels have been deepened to frm 28 to 30 feet. Local interests paid the cost of deepening below the depth permitted by the project. A large portion of the channel has since deteriorated to less than project depth. A deep-draft commerce has developed in the full length of RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1745 the channel and redredging is necessary to accommodate that com- merce. It is expected that the completion of the training wall will reduce the rate of deterioration materially. The above-described work is expected to provide sufficient depth for commerce for at least two years, and no work is contemplated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation en- tails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The main items of freight on this water- way during the calendar year 1929 were refined sugar, petroleum products, and lumber. The increase in tonnage is due to the larger movements of petroleum products, while the decrease in value is due to smaller movements of refined sugar and construction machin- ery having higher values. The greater portion of the vessels using this waterway drew from 6 to 12 feet of water, while an appreciable number of steamers drew from 16 to 30 feet of water. Barges and lighters drew from 6 to 12 feet of water. It is believed that with the new wharf facilities now in operation, together with other improvements now under way, the traffic of this waterway will show an increase in future years. Comparative statement of traffic Year Tons 1 Value Passengers 2 Year Tons 1 Value Passengers' 1925 -------- 256, 272 $12, 050, 693 420, 229 1928........-------410,618 $21,838,150 684, 526 1926---------362, 394 11, 996, 504 436, 163 1929--------...... 459, 697 19, 348, 634 691, 605 1927........ 372, 449 15, 525, 798 524, 950 1Exclusive of ferry traffic of both Richmond Inner and Outer Harbors and the commerce of Richmond Outer Harbor. 2 Ferry passengers only. Cost and financial summary UNITED STATES FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1930___---------------------------- $354, 143. 42 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 -------------------- 605. 39 1-----54, Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ________ 508, 748. 81 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ____------ - 1--------- 1, 067. 49 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930_------ 09, 816. 30 5___________5__ Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--_____-_-- - -_______-___ 26, 875. 09 Net total expenditures ---------------------------------- 482, 941. 21 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--____------------__ 208, 558. 79 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 _______ ______ 691, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .---------------------------------------- $15, 425.19 ------------ $82 703. 33 Cost of maintenance.--- =--- - -- _---- -$14, 387. 80 ' $6,809 44' 65, 372. 23 $1,615. 96 -- - Total cost ----------------------- 14, 387. 80 6,809. 44 80, 797.42 1,615. 96 82, 703. 33 .. Total expended----------- .. - 14, 387. 80 6, 809. 44 103, 950.48 852. 77 57, 658. 92 Aloted1650.0 100,00.0 135,00.0... ..... 14000.0 Allotted ---_ _ ---_ __-- --- --- --- --- --- --- - 16, 500.00 1 100, 000.00 1 135,000.00 1------------140, 000. 00 . , 1746 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $126, 217. 71 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved May 28, 1930.. ---------------- 140, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_ -__---266, -_____-- 217.71 Gross amount expended----------------------- -- - - 57, 658. 92 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------__--- 208, 558. 79 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 $25, 018. 41 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts------------12, 718. 26 37, 736. 67 Balance available June 30, 1930-_------------ ____ -170, _ 822. 12 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 _-------------------------- 1, 067. 49 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 __---171, 889. 61 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1-- --------------- 100, 178. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 $335, 682. 90 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 -----__----- - -____-34, 800. 20 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 - 2 370, 483. 10 Net total expenditures----- --------------------- 2 370, 483. 10 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 2, 678. 03 6-------------------------- Total amount contributed to June 30, 1930------ __-___ 2 433, 161. 13 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---------- ------------ - $806. 94 3 $58, 557. 19 Cost of maintenance_ -- $262. 50 $216. 57 Taotal expended__ 262. 50 216. 57 25, 045. 91 ------------ 58, 557. 19 Contributed -_ .--------------------------- 52, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 - 3 108, 951. 11 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929___________________________ $12, 284. 11 Contributed by the city of Richmond 2________-_ 108, 951. 11 Amount to be accounted for 21, 235. 22 1--------------------------- - - - - Gross amount expended 2 _______ __ _________ ___- - 58, 557. 19 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 __ 2, 678. 03 6------------------__ Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----- $24, 845. 41 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------12, 718. 26 37, 563. 67 Balance available June 30, 1930 -------- ______________ _ 25,114. 36 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - _ 188, 639. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. 2 Notincluding $264,331.50 contributed by local interests and expended on work outside 3 of project. Not including $41,048.89 contributed by local interests and expended on work outside of project. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1747 CONSOLIDATED COST AND FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR RICHMOND HARBOR Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 _______________-_______ $689, 826. 32 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 _______________-- _____ 189, 405.59 Total cost of permanent wor/kto June 30, 19301_------ 879, 231. 91 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ___________ ____-1, 067. 49 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930__ 880, 299. 40 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930___-- 26, 875. 09 -_________-- Net total expenditures -- - ---- --- - -- -- -------- -- ---- -- --- 853, 424. 31 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_---------------- 271, 236. 82 Total amount appropriated and contributed to June 30, 19301 - 1, 124,661. 13 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work _--_------ - -- $16, 332. 13 2 $141, 260. 52 Cost of maintenance $14, 650. 30 $7, 026. 01 65, 372. 23 $1, 615. 96- Total cost_____ ............. :~ 81,704. 36 81 .=. i 1, 615. 96 1,159 2 141, 260. 52 114.206 Total expended___ 14, 650. 30 7, 026. 01 128, 996. 39 852. 77 2 116, 216. 11 Allotted and contributed __________________ 16, 500. 00 152, 500. 00 185, 000. 00 2248, 951. 11 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------ $138, 501.82 Contributed by the city of Richmond---------------2 $108, 951. 11 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------- 140, 000. 00 248, 951. 11 Amount to be accounted for____________________---- ___ 387, 452. 93 Gross amount expended_---------------------------------_ ------ 116, 216. 11 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------- -------- 271, 236. 82 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------- --- 49, 863. 82 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts -------- 25, 436. 52 75, 300. 34 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------------195, 936. 48 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930__---_---------------------------- 1, 067. 49 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--------------197, 003.97 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 8- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 288, 817. 00 5. SAN PABLO BAY AND MARE ISLAND STRAIT, CALIF. Location and description.-The channel covered by this improve- ment has its lower end in San Pablo Bay, about 131/2 miles north of San Francisco. San Pablo Bay proper is 12 miles long and 9 miles wide. The Government channel improvement has a length of about 111/2 miles, beginning at a point west of Point Pinole in San Pablo Bay and extending in a general northeasterly direction to the upper 1 Not including $264,331.50 contributed by local interests and expended on work outside of project. s Not including $41,048.89 contributed by local interests and expended on work outside of project. s Exclusive of available funds. 1748 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 193=0 end of the bay and thence northerly to Mare Island Navy Yard on Mare Island Strait. From the lower end of Mare Island a long dike built by the Navy Department protects the channel on the north. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 5533.) Original condition.-Before imprbvement, navigation for deep- draft vessels was possible only at the higher stages of the tide. The depth in Mare Island Strait was sufficient, being about 27 feet, but there was a shoal in San Pablo Bay with a minimum usable depth of 19 feet at mean lower low water, limiting the draft of vessels going to and from Mare Island and Carquinez Straits and Suisun and upper San Pablo Bays. Previous projects.-The channel in Mare Island Strait has been under improvement by the Navy Department for a number of years, but there has been no previous War Department project for that waterway. The original project for San Pablo Bay was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. A new project for San Pablo Bay was authorized by the river and harbor act of February 27, 1911 (H. Doc. No. 1103, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). This project was modified by the act of August 8, 1917 (H. Doc. No. 140, 65th Cong., 1st sess.), which covered the combined improvement of San Pablo Bay and Mare Island Strait. The total cost of the previous projects and modifications thereof prior to the commencement of work under the existing project, July 1, 1928, was $2,432,099.18, of which $1,086,- 703.45 was for new work and $1,345,395.73 was for maintenance. The total expenditures prior to commencement of operations under the existing project were $2,628,124.84. The above total does not include $22,422.40 recovered by a contractor subsequently through a ruling by the Auditor for the War Department. (For further details of previous projects for San Pablo Bay, see p. 1981 of Annual Report for 1915, and for details of Mare Island Strait improvement by the Navy Department, see p. 4 of H. Doc. No. 1103, 60th Cong., 2d sess.) Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel across Pinole Shoal in San Pablo Bay 600 feet wide and 35 feet deep at mean lower low water; thence through Mare Island Strait a chan- nel 600 feet wide and 30 feet deep, with a turning basin 1,000 feet wide in front of the quay wall, 26 feet deep in the northeast corner, and 30 feet deep at mean lower low water elsewhere. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 6.5 feet, with an extreme range of 10 feet. The estimated cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $750,000, in- cluding $500,000 estimated cost of maintenance during progress of work, but exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $250,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of February 27, 1911, provided for a depth of 30 feet through Pinole Shoal (H. Doc. No. 1103, 60th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for a depth of 35 feet and the turning basin (H. Doc. No. 140, 65th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of January 21, 1927, provided for increasing the width of the channel to 600 feet and decreasing the channel depth in Mare Island Strait to 30 fe'et (H. Doe. No. 104, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1749 Recommended modifications of projects.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities reported for San Pablo Bay and Mare Island Strait include those of Carquinez Strait. There are 4 wharves of the usual pile construction along the southern shore of San Pablo Bay, 2 along the northern shore, 11 wharves of similar construction along the southern shore of Car- quinez Strait, and 4 on the northern shore of this strait, practically all of which are privately owned. The larger ones are provided with warehouse storage facilities, affording connection with transconti- nental railroads as well as local roads. Among these are four oil pipe-line terminals which connect with southern California oil fields. On Mare Island Strait the facilities on the western or navy-yard shore include a long quay wall and numerous piers and wharves be- longing to the Navy Department. On the eastern or Vallejo shore there are six wharves, one of which is owned and controlled by the city of Vallejo, and the others are privately owned. Three have storage facilities, 3 have railway terminal facilities, 3 are provided with oil-pipe lines, and 2 with water-pipe lines. On the southern shore of San Pablo Bay and Carquinez Strait there are 3 ferry slips, of which 2 are for railroad ferries, and 1 for automobile ferries. These ferries connect with similar slips in Benicia. In addition to these there is a ferry crossing, with slips, from Vallejo to the navy yard on Mare Island, and a ferry slip for a San Francisco-Vallejo ferry. The facilities are adequate for exist- ing needs. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--The improvement has made shipping points on San Pablo Bay, Carquinez Strait, and Mare Island Strait accessible for deep-draft ocean vessels, and has also made it possible for all but the deepest draft Navy vessels to reach Mare Island Navy Yard. Operations and results during flscal year.-The U. S. hopper dredge San Pablo, dredged in Mare Island Strait from October 21 to October 31, 1929, from March 10 to May 29, 1930, and fron June 2, 1930, to the end of the fiscal year, removing 1,277,858 cubic yards of material. The above was for maintenance. The navy yard pipe- line dredge Endicott dredged in Mare Island Strait Turning Basin, removing 5,298 cubic yards of material. This was new work. The cost was $311.69 for new work and $61,745.96 for maintenance, a total of $62,057.65. The expenditures were $38,007.43. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in July, 1929, at a saving of $617,076.10. The controlling channel dimensions are: Pinole Shoal, 600 feet wide and 37 feet deep; Mare Island Strait, 600 feet wide and 30 to 32 feet deep up to the turning basin and 1,000 to 1,100 feet wide and 28 to 30 feet deep in the turning basin at the head of the project. The cost of the work under the existing project was $132,923.90 for new work and $241,807.14 for maintenance, a total of $374,731.04. the total expenditures under the existing project were $373,044.97. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930, will be applied to maintenance work in Pinole Shoal Channel and Mare Island Strait, as follows: 1750 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Dredging with United States hopper dredge and hired labor 10 months, September, 1930, to June, 1931, at $15,000 per month.- _ $150, 000 Dredging with United States hopper dredge and hired labor one month, November, 1930, at $20,221 per month-_-------- ----- 20, 221 Total ----------------------------------------- 70, 221 1------ It is expected that the funds will be exhausted by June, 1931. The sum of $135,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance work in the Pinole Shoal Channel and in Mare Island Strait, to be applied to dredging with United States hopper dredge and hired labor nine months, October, 1931, to June, 1932, at $15,000 per month. This work will be neces- sary to properly maintain the project channels. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of this waterway is foreign and domestic, and consists principally of flour, wheat, chemicals, petroleum products, lead, and ores. Bay and river boats, drawing less than 16 feet, are not permitted to use the improved section across Pinole Shoal. The usual draft of vessels which carry the bulk of the freight over the waterway is from 22 to 32 feet. The increase in tonnage is due principally to larger movements of flour and petroleum products. The decrease in value is due to the movements of automobiles, which are now included in the ferry traffic report only. Comparative statement of traffic Year Tons Value Ferry pas- Year Tons Value Ferry pas- sengers sengers 1925 __-_ 14, 367, 961 $209, 585, 514 821, 318 1928----. 1 4, 063, 727 $138, 853, 605 628, 322 1926- ... _ 14, 260, 118 231, 336, 483 801, 886 1929-...... 14, 716, 915 82, 397, 719 719, 493 1927 _-_'_._ _ 3, 850, 694 202. 610, 398 712, 437 1 Exclusive of traffic to and beyond Carquinez Strait. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------ $1,219, 627. 35 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-----------------------1, 601, 186. 69 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 2, 820, 814.04 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---------- 179, 764. 40 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-----------------------3, 000, 578. 44 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------ 9, 488. 05 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930---------------------- 3, 010, 066. 49 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ------------------------- 8, 896. 68 Net total expenditures 3, 001', 169. 81 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-_ - 170, 221. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 -_- 3, 171, 390. 81 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..____________________ ___ ___ $47, 952. 69 .. $132,612. 21 $311.69' Cost of maintenance_----......------ ------ $154, 479. 26 241, 316. 64 $176, 276. 26 175, 439. 11 61, 745.96 Total cost_..----------- 154,479. 26 289, 269. 33 176, 276. 26 308, 051. 32 62, 057.66 Total expended-----------------_,_. . -154, 479. 26 289, 269. 33 132,184. 25 335, 037. 54 38, 007. 43 Allotted----- -------------.. ------ 250,000.00 300, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 305, 000. 00 -65, 000. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1751 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------------- $273,228. 43 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--------------------------------------- --- 125, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for----------------------------- 398, 228. 43 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment -------------- 190, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for--------------------------- 208, 228. 43 Gross amount expended ------------- --- ,22.3'66 $$.8.. Less receipt from les------------------------------216. 23 38, 007.43 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------- -------- 170, 221.00 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---------------------------- 24, 486. 66 Balance available June 30, 1930--------------------------- 145, 734. 34 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ---------------------------- 9, 488. 05 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 -------------- 155, 222. 39 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 135, 000. 00 6. SUISUN BAY CHANNEL, CALIF. Location and description.-Suisun Bay is about 30 miles northeast of San Francisco, is 16 miles long, afd frbm 1 to 3 miles in width. Suisun Bay Channel extends across the southern limits of Suisun Bay from Carquinez Strait to the mouths of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers on the southeast side of the bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 5534.) Original condition.-This channel varied in width from 100 to 400 feet, with minimum depths of 16 to 19 feet in the lower part and 9 feet in the upper or eastern part. The navigable portion was 16 miles in length. The lower part of the channel was used by ocean vessels, but above Bay Point opposite Roe Island navigation was possible only for light-draft vessels and river steamers. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919 (H.Doc. No. 986, 65th Cong., 2d sess.). The cost to the United States of the original project to June 30, 1929, was $118,718.26, of which $58,901.25 was for new work and $59,817.01 was for maintenance. In addition, $65,000 was con- tributed, of which $59,551.24 was for new work and $5,448.76 for maintenance. The expenditures were $118,576.34 from United States funds and $65,000 contributed funds, a total of $183,576.34. (For further details of previous project see p. 1562 of Annual Report for 1926.) Existing project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide through Bulls Head Point Shoal, for a channel south of Seal Islands 20 feet deep and 250 feet wide extending from Point Edith easterly to the main channel in Suisun Bay, and for a channel 26 feet deep and 300 feet wide across Point Edith and Middle Ground Shoals to the mouth of New York slough. All above depths refer to mean lower low water. The tidal range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 6.3 feet. The extreme range is 9 feet. 1Exclusive of available funds. 1752 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. AR1MY, 1930 The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1930 is $172,000, ex- clusive of amounts expended on previous projects but inclusive of $20,000 to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1930) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $25,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of January 21, 1927, provided for a 26-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 554, 68th Cong., 2d sess.), and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the 30-foot channel and for the channel south of Seal Islands (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 23, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the first-mentioned document. Recommended mod ficaitions of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Under the project adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919, local interests were required to contribute one-half the estimated cost of new work. Local interests contributed $65,000, which was expended on the project. Local inter- ests were also required to provide storage room for dredged material and to build the necessary impounding levees. These conditions have all been complied with. The river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, in adopting the 26-foot project, imposed certain conditions of local cooperation pertaining to the work in the San Joaquin River and Stockton Chan- nel. These conditions have been fulfilled so far as they pertain to the Suisun Bay Channel. Under the provisions of the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 local interests are required to contribute $20,000 to the cost of the work of dredging the channel across Bulls Head Point Shoal. Terminal facilities.-Along the channel, between the western end of the bay and the mouth of New York slough, there are five wharves and two car-ferry slips, all of ordinary pile and timber construction. All the wharves are owned and used exclusively by separate indus- tries; two have spur tracks, and one also has a series of pipe lines for handling crude and refined oils in bulk; all but one are on com- paratively deep water and are used, or have been used, for ocean shipping. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made it possible for ocean-going vessels to reach the main shipping points on Suisun Bay and in New York slough, and has shortened the route to the mouths of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, thereby reducing the cost of shipments from these points. Operations and results dwring fiscal year.-Dredging the channels across Point Edith and Middle Ground Shoals under contract was begun June 6, 1930, and 39,100 cubic yards of material were removed between that date and the end of the fiscal year. The cost for the fiscal year was $5,590.82 for new work, and $11.29 for maintenance, a total of $5,602.11. The total expenditures were $1,365.39. Condition at end of fiscal year.--Work on the existing project was begun June 6, 1930. At present the controlling depths are 24 feet across the shoal at Bulls Head Point, 27 feet across Point Edith Shoal, RIVERS ANtD HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1753 and 21.5 feet across Middle Ground Shoal and to the mouth of New York slough, the upper limit of the San Francisco district. The cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $5,590.82 for new work and $11.29 for maintenance, a total of $5,602.11. The expenditures to the same date were $1,365.39. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended July 1, 1930, will be applied to the following new work: Deepening the channels at Point Edith and Middle Ground, by con- tract, two months (July and August, 1930) ------------------ $67, 158. 27 Deepening the channel at Bulls Head Shoal with Government plant and hired labor, about three-fourths of a month, July, 1930------ 9,400. 00 Total---------------------------------------------- 76, 558. 27 The sum of $25,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance, to be applied to dredg- ing by Government hopper dredge five weeks, August and Septem- ber, 1931, at $20,000 per month. This work is necessary to restore project depth in the channel across the shoals at Middle Ground, Point Edith, and depth of 26 feet at Bulls Head Point. The cost is greater than the average of the past five years, due to the increase in the project depth of the channels to 26 feet. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of this waterway consists principally of petroleum products, lumber, and fresh water. The increase in tonnage and value is due to larger movements in the domestic traffic of the above-named commodities; during the calendar year 1929 there has been a slight decrease in export shipments of petroleum products. The usual draft of river and bay vessels is from 6 to 12 feet; for lumber steamers from 14 to 20 feet, and for petroleum-products carriers from 14 to 32 feet. Practically all of the commerce uses the improved section of the waterway. Comparative statement of traffic Year Tons Value Passengers 1 Year Tons Value Passengers 1 1925 - 4,120,154 $88,124, 646 213, 609 1928 ...-... 4,192, 994 $59,060,391 168,052 1926-_---- 4, 150, 598 89, 116, 076 185, 505 1929- .... 4, 877, 962 64, 000, 883 116, 964 1927- ... 4, 341, 706 61, 178, 799 108, 097 1 Railroad car-ferry passengers. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--__------------------_ $64, 492.07 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ------------------- 59, 828. 30 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930____________ 124,320. 37 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_______ _-------___----4, 378. 64 Net total expenditures ------------------------- 119, 941. 73 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------------- 76,558.27 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--___- 196, 500. 00 'Exclusive of $65,000 contributed by local interests and expended on this work: $59,551.24 for new work and $5,448.76 for maintenance. 1754 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.-5----------------- - $5,590.82 Cost of maintenance--.....--- ------------- $10,697.27 $5, 938.47 $10,893.40 $11, 748.89 11.29 Total cost---------------------- 10, 697. 27 5, 938. 47 10, 893.40 11,748. 89 5,602.11 Total expended. _---------------- -- . , 697.27" 5, 9 8.'47 -- 10, 017. 74 12, 552.3 1365.39 Allotted ......................----------------------------. 15,000.00 .........------------ 70,000.00 --- ...... 20,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929----- --------------- -- $57,923. 66 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930---------- 20, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for 923.66 7-------------------------- Gross amount expended ------------------------------------- 1, 365. 39 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 76, 558. 27 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-----------------$3, 437. 99 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts------------57,014.65 60, 452. 64 Balance available June 30, 1930-------------------------16, 105.63 Unobligated balance available June 30,' 1930- ------------------ 16,105. 63 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ----------------- 70, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance a _-_ _ _- __________ 25, 000. 00 7. SUISUN CHANNEL, CALIF. Location and description.-This waterway, known as Suisun Slough or Suisun Creek, is a tidal inlet with its mouth on the north- west side of Suisun Bay, about 7 miles northeast of Benicia and 36 miles northeast of San Francisco. The tide from Suisun Bay reaches the town of Suisun at the head of navigation of the creek, about 17 miles above the mouth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 5534.) Original condition.-In its original condition the channel was about 600 feet wide in the lower section and 80 feet in the upper. The usable depth at mean lower low water varied from 17 feet at the mouth to zero near the town of Suisun, which was the head of navi- gation. This channel was navigable at all stages of tide in its lower reaches, but navigation in the upper half mile was possible only at the higher stages of tide. The navigable portion was about 17 miles long. Previous project.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 125 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean lower low water up to the head of navigation, with a harbor of the same depth at the town of Suisun 1,400 feet long and 150 feet wide, and the removal of a rock from the center of the channel about 2 miles below the head of navigation. The length of the section requiring dredging is about 1 mile, the 2Exclusive of available funds. 8 In addition local interests are to contribute $20,000. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1755 lower end of this section being about 16 miles from the mouth of the slough. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 6.4 feet, with an extreme range of 9.2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, was $25,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1110, 60th Cong., 2d sess.), and amended by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, to provide for modification of the project by the Secretary of War. The latest published map is in the document mentioned. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Under the provisions of the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, the right of way for a cut-off was furnished free of cost to the United States, but the dredging of the cut-off was eliminated by the Secretary of War in accordance with the terms of the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913. Local interests have accomplished dredging to the amount of over $8,000 in extension of the work done by the Government. Terminal facilities.-There are in the city of Suisun five wharves of ordinary pile construction and one oil pipe-line terminal. One wharf is open to the public on equal terms; the others are controlled by private interests. Two have warehouse storage facilities and spur-track connections with an electric railway. On the east side of the channel, about halfway between its mouth and city of Suisun, there is a warehouse and landing, privately owned. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvemet.-The improvement has provided a channel, needing little maintenance, which is adequate for present and pro- spective commerce. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done dur- ing the fiscal year except the usual surveys, inspections, and office work required by regulations. The cost of the above work was $177.21. The expenditures were $177.21. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1920 at a saving of $2,015 under the estimated cost. There is at present a channel 125 feet wide and 5 feet deep, with a harbor at the upper end 5 feet deep. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $22,984.77 for new work and $15,964.24 for maintenance, a total of $38,949.01. The total expenditures to the same date were $38,949.01. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available and no opera- tions are proposed for the fiscal years 1931 and 1932, since the chan- nel is in condition to meet the demands of existing commerce. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of this waterway consists principally of barley, wheat, petroleum products, and crushed rock. The freight was carried on vessels drawing from 6 to 8 feet of water. All of the traffic reported used the improved section. The decrease intonnage and value is due to the withdrawal of the principal trans- portation line formerly operating on this waterway. 1756 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.- S. ARMY, 1930 Comparative statement of traffic Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925 .----. ------------ 84, 057 $545, 060 1928 .--------------------- 47, 909 $3, 630, 389 . 1926- ------------------- 54,112 1, 570, 432 1929--------..-----------..27, 709 394, 389 39,889 1,493,195 1927 .........----------------..--...... Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $22, 984. 77 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 -------------------------- 15, 964. 24 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------- 38, 949.01 ----- Net total expenditures------ -------------------------------- 38, 949.01 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------------38, 949.01 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.. -- - -- -- - - - - --.- -- - Cost of maintenance__-------------------- $173. 99 $11, 524. 01 $186. 71 $26. 58 $177. 21 Total expended--... ___ --_- -....... _ 173. 99 11, 524. 01 139. 13 72. 77 177. 21 Allotted----------- .........----.---.- - 500. 00 500. 00 -715. 87 ------------ ... -335. 12 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ---------------------------- $512. 33 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment------------------- 335. 12 Net amount to be accounted for 21 1---------------------- Gross amount expended-- --------------------------------- 177.21 8. NAPA RIVER, CALIF. Location and description.-This river rises in the St. Helena Mountains, flows in a southerly direction, and empties into Mare Island Strait, an arm of San Pablo Bay. The river has a length of 45 miles. The navigable portion of this river is chiefly a tidal estuary. The tide reaches the head of navigation at the city of Napa, 17 miles above the mouth. There is no discharge except that caused by winter rains, which are usually confined to a few months of the year. The maximum discharge has been about 10,900 second-feet at high water. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 45533.) Original condition.-Before improvement the river had a mini- mum usable depth at mean lower low water of 10 feet and a width of 300 feet for the first 12 miles above the mouth and about 1 foot depth on the crest of the bars and a width of 125 feet in the next 6 miles to the city of Napa. Navigation to Napa was possible only at the highest stages of the tide. The navigable portion was 17 miles long. Previous projects.-None. Emisting project.-This provides for dredging, removing rock at Lone Tree Reef, and removing snags and overhanging trees to ob- tain and maintain a channel 75 feet wide and 4 feet deep at meah lower low water to the head of navigation, and for four cut-offs 6 feet deep at mean lower low water, 80 feet wide at Jacks and Car Bends, 60 feet wide at Spreckels Point, and 100 feet wide at Horse- RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1757 shoe Bend. The length of the section included in the project is 17 miles. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 6.5 feet at the mouth and 8 feet at the head of naviga- tion, with an extreme range of 11 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $106,000. The latest (1918) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 11, 1888, provided for the 4-foot channel and removal of Lone Tree Reef (Annual Report for 1885, page 2343), and the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, provided for the cut-offs (H. Doc. No. 795, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest pub- lished map is in the latter document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, required local interests to furnish the land necessary for the cut- offs. Strips of land necessary for two of the four proposed cut- offs have been acquired and the titles thereto are now to be perfected preparatory to transfer to the United States. Terminal facilities.-There are 14 wharves of ordinary pile con- struction, six of which have warehouse and storage facilities. Only two have direct connections with railroads, the others being con- nected by highway only. Four are connected by pipe line with bulk- oil terminals. Two of the wharves are owned by the city of Napa, one of which is leased to private interests. The other is a public wharf. One wharf, owned by the State of California, is reserved for the exclusive use of a State institution. Two wharves are open to the public on reasonable terms. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement provides water-trans- portation facilities for a comparatively large tonnage. The improve- ment has kept railroad rates at a level sufficiently low to compete with water transportation. iOperations and results during fiscal year.- No work was done during the fiscal year except the usual surveys, inspections, and office work required by regulations. The cost for the fiscal year was $4.37. The expenditures were $4.37. Condition at end of fisca year.-The project was practically com- pleted in 1892, except for cutting off the projecting points of land as originally contemplated. The controlling depth at mean lower low water was 6 feet: to the head of navigation at Napa. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $27,- 555.55 for new work and $34,595.68 for maintenance, a total of $62,151.23. The expenditures to the same date were $62,151.23. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available and no opera- tions are proposed for the fiscal years 1931 and 1932. Gravel dredg- ing by private interests has maintained the project depth in the river. The cut-offs can not be made until the acquirements of local coop- eration, described above, have been complied with. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of this waterway consists principally of petroleum products, building material, hides, and feed. The freight was carried on vessels drawing from 5 to 8 feet of water. All of the traffic reported used the improved section. The decrease 1758 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 in tonnage is due to smaller movements of lumber and gravel, while the increase in value is due to larger movements of gasoline, hard- ware, and eggs. Comparative statement of traffic Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925 ......-------------------- 167, 653 $3, 043, 229 1928.....---------------------207, 151 $5, 671, 166; 1926................--------------------.196, 346 3, 044, 385 1929.......--------------------183, 229 6, 330,317 1927-------------------- 152, 553 3, 438, 492 Cost and financial sumnmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $27, 555. 55 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 _ ------------------------- 34, 595. 68 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------------62, 151. 23 Net total expenditures ------------------------------------- 62, 151'. 23 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------------- 62, 151. 23 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work----------------------------------- ------------------------ Cost of maintenance ....... ---------------------------- $1, 129.27 $360. 30 $103. 13 $4. 37 Total expended------------ .. 738.39 566.44 .287.87 4. Allotted ---------------------------- $1,000.00 500.00 400.00 -------------------- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--_- ----- ___ $307. 30 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment- 302. 93 Net amount to be accounted for_ - -____ -'1. 4__37 Gross amount expended----------------------------------------- 4. 37 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ----------------------------------------- 78, 500. 00 9. PETALUMA CREEK, CALIF. Location and description.-This stream rises in the hills north of Petaluma, flows southeasterly about 20 miles, and empties into the northwest side of San Pablo Bay about 22 miles from San Francisco. The drainage area is 189 square miles. There is no fluvial discharge except during the winter. The tide reaches the head of navigation at Petaluma, 16 miles above the mouth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic. Survey Chart No. 5533.) Original condition.-This creek was very crooked and about 6001 feet wide in the lower section and 80 feet wide in the upper section near Petaluma, which is the head of navigation. At the mouth the depth over the mud flats was but 2 or 3 feet, and in the upper reaches: the creek was dry in many places at low tide. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, and modified by the river and harbor acts of July 13, 1892, July 18, 1918, and March 3, 1925. The cost RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1759 of previous projects was $212,082.95 (not including $15,558.55 con- tributed funds) for new work and $269,274.49 for maintenance, a total of $481,357.44. The total expenditures were $481,357.44 from United States funds and $15,558.55 from contributed funds. For further details of previous projects see page 1982 of Annual Report for 1915 and page 1666 of Annual Report for 1929. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at mean lower low water and 200 feet wide in San Pablo Bay; thence 8 feet deep and 100 feet wide in the creek to Western Avenue, Petaluma, including a depth of 8 feet in the turning basin; thence 4 feet deep and 50 feet wide to Washington Street Bridge; thence 4 feet deep and 40 feet wide to a point 935 feet above the Washington Street Bridge. The tidal range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 6.5 feet at the entrance and 7.5 feet at the head of navi- gation, with an extreme range of 11 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1928, is $185,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $22,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 183, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) The latest published map is in this document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act of July 18, 1918, contained the con- ditions that before work was begun by the United States local inter- ests should contribute the sum of $6,150 to be used in the improve- ment below Washington Street, furnish all lands required for the right of way for cut-offs, and give satisfactory assurance to the Sec- retary of War that they would, without cost to the United States, carry out and maintain the work designed for the correction of over- flow from Copeland Creek. These conditions have been complied with. The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, in providing for the channel above the Washington Street Bridge imposed the condition that local interests assume the entire first cost of the work. This condition has been complied with. Work previously done by local interests for the benefit of the pub- lic on this project amounted to about $92,000 for dredging in a branch canal and about $26,000 for dredging in the creek and cut- offs. Under the provisions of the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, local interests are to agree to replace the D Street Bridge when and as directed by the Secretary of War, and to furnish without cost to the United States all rights of way necessary for the proposed chan- nel widening, as well as satisfactory areas with necessary levees, spillways, and drainage works for the proper disposal of spoil from the work and its maintenance. Terminal facilities.-There are 33 wharves and landings on the creek, of which 1, a wharf 630 feet long, is owned by the munici- pality and open to public use without charge; 13 of the wharves have spur tracks and 17 others have near-by rail connec- 11714--ENG 1930----111 1760 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 tions; 2 of the wharves have oil pipe lines to storage tanks. The privately owned wharves are principally used for handling feeds, shells, lumber, and building materials, and 20 of them have ware- houses for feed storage immediately adjacent to them. Practically all freight is handled by boat's tackle or by hand trucks. (For the latest published description of the terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). Effect of imnprovement.-The improvement has permitted a heavy intraport commerce to be carried directly to industries in the city of Petaluma, but increased commerce and increased draft of carriers have made it advisable to enlarge the project channel. Navigation on this waterway has had an influence in maintaining low rail freight rates to Petaluma and surrounding territory. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The upper reaches of Petaluma Creek were dredged under contract between August 22, 1929, and November 25, 1929, and 117,212 cubic yards of material were removed. The cost for the fiscal year was $49,975.76, all for maintenance under the previous project. The expenditures were $49,702.34. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done under the existing project. There is now a depth of 7 feet across the flats in San Pablo Bay downstream of the dredged channel; thence the channel is 9 feet deep and 200 feet wide to Beacon 4a; thence 6 feet deep and about 100 feet wide through cut-offs A and B; thence 6 feet deep to the mouth of McNears Canal; thence 31/2 feet deep to the turning basin. In the turning basin the depth is about 3 feet. Above the turning basin the depth is 2 feet to the Washington Street Bridge, thence shoaling to zero at the head of the project. No costs have been incurred or expenditures made under the ex- isting project. Proposed operations.-The funds remaining unexpended July 1, 1930, amounting to $50,000, will be applied to maintenance redredg- ing of the channel at the mouth of Petaluma Creek by contract, April and May, 1931. It is expected that the funds will be exhausted by May 31, 1931. It is believed that the above-described work, together with the work done at the head of the project during the previous fiscal year, will provide reasonable depths for commerce, and that no mainte- nance work will be necessary during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of this waterway consists principally of eggs, poultry, shells, foodstuffs, barley, feed, wheat, lumber, gravel, and petroleum products. The increase in tonnage and value is mainly due to larger movements of barley, corn, feed, hay, wheat, lumber, and petroleum products. The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 5 to 8 feet. All of the commerce reported used the improved section of the waterway. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1761 Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925 ....... 218, 060 $21, 779, 972 398 1928_....... 279, 716 $28, 868, 298 360 1926--------........ 220, 037 26, 553, 498 318 1929 .-------- 387, 251 31, 615, 708 291 1927--------........ 261,180 27, 539, 922 340 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------_ ---------------- $212, 082.95 269,274. 49 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 481, 357. 44 Net total expenditures_____ ------ 481, 357. 44 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 --- 50, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 - 531, 357.44 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work- - .-- - - - - - -- Cost of maintenance------------------$33, 811. 58 $12, 492. 59 $51, 395. 56 $304.88 $49, 975.76 Total expended---------- ------------- 33, 811. 58 12, 492. 59 51,843.85 304. 88 49, 702.34 Allotted_----__------------------------- 10, 000000. 00 50, 000.00 50, 000. 00 50, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 __- -- -____-- ____-_________- _ $49,702.34 Amount alloted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--------------------------------------------- 50, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for __ ____------------------------------- 99, 702. 34 Gross amount expended ---------------------------------------- 49, 702. 34 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_-___ ____- --- ____-- 50, 000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 2 _------------------ 185, 000. 00 10. SAN RAFAEL CREEK, CALIF. Location and description.-This is a small tidal stream about 2 miles in length, flowing easterly and emptying into the west side of San Francisco Bay, 14 miles north of San Francisco. A slight fluvial discharge is produced by winter rains and is confined to about one month of the year. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 5532.) Original condition.-The creek proper was a meandering tidal slough, practically dry at low water. Between its mouth and deep water in the bay, a distance of about 11/2 miles, were broad, shallow flats, navigable only at high water. Some work was done by local interests prior to the adoption of the project, but this had deterio- rated seriously when the Government channel was dredged. San Rafael, located 2 miles from the mouth, was the head of. navigation. Previous, projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep and 100 feet wide on bottom across the flats at the mouth of the creek, and thence 6 feet deep and 60 feet wide on bottom up to San Rafael, 1 Not including $15,558.55 contributed by local interests and expended on this work. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1762 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 a part of this channel passing through a cut-off at Goose Neck Bend; and a turning basin 200 feet long, 100 feet wide, and 6 feet deep at San Rafael. All depths refer to mean lower low water. The tidal range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 5.9 feet, with an extreme range of 10.5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $73,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H.. Doc. No. 801, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). No map of the locality has been published. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The act of March 2, 1919, required that local interests should contribute one-half the cost of the work and furnish the land needed for the improvement. These conditions have been complied with, and in addition local interests contributed $14,000 needed to complete the project and dredged a turning basin 165 feet wide and 365 feet long adjoining the project turning basin. In 1908 and 1909 private interests dredged a channel 60 feet wide and 4 feet deep at mean lower low water from the head of navigation to the mouth of the creek and built a pile bulkhead from the shore line about 1,000 feet out to deeper water at a total cost of about $17,000. Terminal facilities.-There are 6 wharves and 5 bulkhead landings on San Rafael Creek. All but 1 are privately owned; 3 are used for building materials, 2 for lumber, 2 for bulk receipts of refined petroleum products, 1 for general cargo, and 3 for other purposes. Four of the wharves have covered storage. These facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. There is no pub- lished description of the existing facilities. Effect of improvement.-The improvement affords an adequate channel for present commerce. A regular line of freight boats gives slightly lower rates than the railroads. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-No work was done dur- ing the fiscal year except the usual surveys, inspections, and office work required by regulations. The cost for the fiscal year was $25 for maintenance. The expenditures were $130.05. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1928. The controlling depths at the end of the fiscal year were 6.5 feet in the channel across the flats and 6 feet in the creek to the wharves in San Rafael. The total costs of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $32,358.85 (not including $41,093.81 contributed funds) for new work and $95,490.56 for maintenance, a total of $127,849.41. The total expenditures were $127,849.41 from United States funds and $41,093.81 from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available and no work is contemplated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931. The sum of $27,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, in maintenance redredging in the channel across the flats in San Francisco Bay to the mouth of the creek, by contract, July and August, 1931. RIVERS AND HARBORS--SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1763 Shoaling on the flats in San Francisco Bay outside the mouth of the creek has been rapid, necessitating more frequent maintenance of the channel and also increasing the length of the channel that has to be dredged to maintain the project depth. The above amount is greater than the average expenditures for maintenance during the preceding five years for that reason. Comm ercial statistics.-The commerce of this waterway consists principally of food stuffs, hay, fuel oil, gasoline, crushed rock, and sand. The increase in tonnage and value is due to larger movements of hay, refined sugar, crushed rock, and fuel oil. Most of the freight was carried on vessels drawing from 5 to 8 feet of water. Comparative statement of traff*c Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925-_- ---------------- 153, 985 $3,960, 933 1928 -------------------- 92, 749 $3, 703, 977 1926.................-------------------- 168, 113 3, 475,185 1929---- ---------------- 104, 490 5,140, 995 1927- ------ ------------- _ 56, 240 .3,005, 936 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1'930--------------- ---------- $32, 358. 85 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930- ------------ 490. 56 9--------- 95, Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------- 127, 849. 41 Net total expenditures 1_-_--------- 127, 849. 41 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930____________ ____ 127, 849. 41 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work----------------- Cost of maintenance_ -$41, ------------------------. 433.40 . $127. 43 $5,240.36 351. 89 1. $52, 414. 29 $25. 00 Total cost_ -- _ 41, 433.40 127. 43 5,592. 25 52, 414. 29 25. 00 Total expended- ...................... 41, 433. 40 127. 43 5, 587. 14 52, 309. 24 130. 05 Allotted .......... ..... 65, 000. 00 -11,500. 00 -950.59 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------------- $1, 080. 64 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment------------------ 950. 59 Net amount to be accounted for 1---------------------- 130. 05 Gross amount expended------------------------------------------- 130. 05 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance -_ _ __ _-_ _ 27; 000. 00 11. MONTEREY HARBOR, CALIF. Location and description.-Monterey Harbor is about 90 miles south of San Francisco at the south end of Monterey Bay, an indenta- tion in the coast of California. Monterey Bay has a length of 22 miles measured along the coast and an extreme width east and west of 10 miles. With the exception of small areas sheltered by the points limiting this wide entrance, the bay is exposed to the sea. Monterey Harbor is the limited area in front of the city of Monterey 1 Not including $41,093.81 contributed by local interests and expended for new work. 1761 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 and is about 3 miles long and 2 miles wide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 5403.) Originalcondition.-The depths of water in this locality have al- ways been ample, and vessels can lie at anchor readily, but it is diffi- cult for vessels at times to lie alongside wharves on account of the surge. The shores of the bay are sandy, but there is comparatively little shallow water along the beach. The usable depths at mean lower low water are 60 feet in the outer part and 16 feet in the inner part of the harbor. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912. The conditions of local cooperation were not met and consequently no work was done under the project and no expenditures were made. Existing project.-This provides for a breakwater 1,300 feet long, with the shore connection extending about 750 feet due east from a point about halfway between Reeside Avenue and the Presidio Boundary, and the outer section bearing about S. 70 ° E. The tidal range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 5.5 feet. The extreme range is about 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1929, is $610,000. The latest (1929) approved estimate of annual cost for maintenance is $18,000. The existing project was adopted by the river' and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 12, 71st Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is contained in this document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912, required that local interests contribute $200,000 and give as- surances satisfactory to the Secretary of War that a railroad con- necting Monterey with the San Joaquin Valley will be built if the breakwater is constructed. The sum of $200,000, to be contributed by local interests, was appropriated by the State of California. Owing to the failure of local interests to give the required assurances as to the railroad project, the funds appropriated for the improvement by the United States and by the State were never used and were with- drawn. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, provides that local interests furnish, without cost to the United States, the necessary land for the shore connection of the breakwater. Terminal facilities.-The existing facilities consist of two wharves owned by the municipality, the older one having 250 feet of berth- ing space and warehouse facilities, and the other a modern, concrete jacketed pile wharf about 1,600 feet long, 86 feet wide at the outer end, with a warehouse 50 feet wide by 290 feet long, total berthing space, 1,245 feet. Practically all offshore or coastwise vessels dock at the new wharf. Fresh fish is unloaded at the canneries by cableways and by pump- ing through pipe lines. There is an oil pipe line terminal where ships are loaded and unloaded in the open water, offshore, through hose conections. The two wharves have near-by connections with the Southern Pacific Railroad. The water front of the city of Monterey, about 2 miles in length, is owned by the city. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. The United States has about 1,200 linear feet of water front at the Presidio of Monterey. Under State law the termi- RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1765 nal facilities are open on equal terms to the public. (For full de- scription of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d Sess.). Effect of improvement. No work has yet been done on this project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work has been done in this locality and no expenditures have been made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The maximum draft that can be carried to the wharf at Monterey is 25 feet at mean lower low water. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available and no work is contemplated during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931. The sum of $250,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, in beginning construction of the break- water by contract, from July to November, 1931. Commercial statistics. The principal commodities handled at this port are foodstuffs, lumber, petroleum products, fertilizer and fresh and canned fish. The general draft of vessels entering this port, car- rying general cargo, is from 12 to 20 feet, and for vessels carrying petroleum products from 22 to 28 feet. The fishing boats using this harbor draw less than 6 feet of water. The increase in tonnage is due to larger movements of lumber, crude and fuel oils, gasoline, ferti- lizer and canned and fresh fish. In computing values for the reports from 1923 to 1927, the value of fish was based on the retail prices at points of consumption. Values given herein and in the 1928 report are based on the prices paid to the fishermen for fish delivered to the canneries. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value .... 1925__...___________________ 381,374 $19,747,214 1928___________________ _ 299,342 $11,961,336 1926-,_._.--.---- _- _.-_ 431, 591 25, 043, 865 1929---___-- -_ - ____-_ 390, 576 13, 899, 113 1927_-----____----_ 258,143 28,557,598 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ________ _________ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__ Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project___________ ______ $61'0, 000 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for new work-_ 250, 000 12. HUMBOLDT HARBOR AND BAY, CALIF. Location and description.-HumboldtBay is a land-locked harbor on the coast of California, 225 miles north of San Francisco and 380 miles south of the mouth of the Columbia River, Oreg. The bay consists of two shallow arms-the northern, 41/2 miles long, maximum width, 4 miles; the southern, 31/2 miles long, maximum width 21/4 miles, joined by a channel about 6 miles long and three-fourths mile average width. The ocean entrance to the bay is near the junction of this channel with the southern arm. The high-water area of the bay is 25 square miles; its extreme length about 141/2 miles. Eureka, 1766 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMiIY, 1930 the principal port, is on the eastern shore of the channel, about 5 miles north of the ocean entrance. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 5832.) Original condition.-The entrance channel in the bay shifted con- stantly in position and direction, and the depth varied from time to time, being usually from 12 to 15 feet. Navigation was possible only with favorable weather and tides. In the bay, the channel in front of Eureka had a minimum depth of about 10 feet and an average width of about 150 feet; the channel across Indian Island Shoal was about 17 feet deep for a width of about 200 feet; the channel to Arcata Wharf was only about 12 feet deep at Beacon 9 and the width was only 100 feet near the upper end; the controlling depth at the entrance to the Fields Landing Channel was from 16 to 17 feet. Previous projects.-The original project adopted in 1884 provided for a single rubble-mound jetty along the south side of the entrance channel. This project was modified in 1888 and again in 1891 so as to provide for two parallel high rubble-mound jetties, including shore-protection enrockments. These modifications were confirmed by the acts of September 19, 1890, and July 13, 1892, respectively. The original project for the channel in front of Eureka was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881, and modified by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1889, and March 2, 1907. The costs and expenditures on the original and modified projects were $2,261,370.93 for new work, and $98,205.75 for maintenance, a total of $2,359,576.68. For further details of previous projects see pages 1982 and 1984 of Annual Report for 1915, and page 1673 of Annual Report for 1929. Existing project.-This provides for two ordinary rubble-mound jetties at the entrance-the north jetty about 4,500 feet in length and the south jetty 5,100 feet long, not including shore revetment; for a channel 20 feet deep and 300 feet wide from deep water in Humboldt Bay to the foot of N Street, Eureka; a channel 20 feet deep and 250 feet wide across Indian Island Shoal; a channel 18 feet deep and 150 feet wide to Arcata Wharf; and a channel 20 feet deep and 250 feet wide through the shoals at the entrance to Fields Landing Channel. The tidal range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 6.4 feet at the south jetty and 6.7 feet at Eureka. The extreme range is 12.5 feet at the south jetty and 12 feet at Eureka. The estimate of cost for new work on the jetties, revised in 1922, was $3,200,000, and for the channels, made in 1927, was $187,000, of which $95,000 is to be contributed by local interests, exclusive of the amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance by dredging is $14,000. There is no approved estimate for maintenance of the jetties. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, providing for rebuilding the jetties (H. Doc. No. 950, 60th Cong., 1st sess.)., and the act of July 3, 1930, providing for the channels in front of Eureka, across Indian Island Shoal, to Arcata Wharf, and at the entrance to Fields Land- ing Channel (H. Doc. No. 755, 69th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is contained in the latter document. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1767 Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Under the provisions of the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, local interests are required to contribute $95,000 to the first cost of the work of dredging, and if they desire the deposit on the shore of dredged material from the Eureka Channel, to furnish, without cost to the United States, suitable bulkheaded soil disposal areas and to pay the additional cost incident to such deposit of the material. Local interests have contributed $24,385.23, which was expended in dredging certain of the channels in Humboldt Bay not included in the project. Terminal facilities.-There are 40 wharves (20 of which are of ordinary untreated pile construction and 20 of specially treated or concrete-protected pile construction) and 7 small boat landings con- structed of untreated piling. Twelve of the wharves have warehouse storage facilities. Thirty-two have access to railroad connections. Two of the wharves and four of the boat landings are publicly owned and are open to the public on equal terms. Practically no tolls are charged, although a maximum rate has been fixed by the board of State harbor commissioners for the port of Eureka. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has been of great bene- fit to navigation at this locality, enabling intercoastal and foreign lumber shipments to be made directly from this port. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Repairs to the shore protection of the north spit, where settlement had occurred, were com- pleted in July, 1929, with the placing of 457 cubic yards of concrete by Government plant and hired labor. The U. S. hopper dredge San Pablo dredged in the channel in front of Eureka from July 1 to July 29, 1929, removing 113,674 cubic yards of material. All of the above work was for maintenance. The dredging was done under the previous project. The cost for the fiscal year was $29,635.24. The expenditures were $40,556.28. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done under the existing project for channel improvement in the bay. The existing project for the jetties is completed, the north jetty having been com- pleted on October 15, 1925, and the south jetty on February 16, 1927. The controlling depth in the channel across the bar at the end of the fiscal year was 26 feet. The controlling depths of the channel in front of Eureka were 21.5 feet for a width of about 300 feet to F street; thence 21.5 feet for a width narrowing to 150 feet at L Street; thence 20 feet to M Street. The controlling dimensions of the channels across Indian Island Shoal, to the Arcata Wharf, and at the entrance to the Fields Landing Channel, are as described under Original condition above. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $2,375,271.90 for new work and $2,826,313.82 for maintenance, a total of $5,201, 585.72. The expenditures were $5,211,454.46. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1930, will be applied as follows: 1768 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Maintenance : Purchase of right of way for the railroad to the north jetty--- $3,000. 00 Watching and care of plant at north jetty for the fiscal year 1931 ------------------------------------------------ 6,000. 00 Repairs to south jetty with Government plant and hired labor, August to November, 1930, and April to June, 1931 53, 983. 86 -------- Total----------------------------------------62, 983. 86 The above expenditures are necessary to repair a number of small breaks along the sea side of the south jetty, to take care of the Gov- ernment plant stored on the north spit, and to acquire ownership to the right of way of the existing railroad to the end of the north spit. It is expected that the funds will be exhausted June 30, 1931. The -sum of $180,000 can be spent profitably during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance, in repairing the outer end of the south jetty with stone and concrete, using Government plant and hired labor, July, 1931, to June, 1932. Serious damage will probably result unless the repairs are made at that time. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of this waterway consists principally of fresh fish, forest products, petroleum products, and unclassified general cargo. The increase in tonnage and value is due to larger movements of fresh fish, petroleum products, and un- classified general cargo. The usual draft of coastwise vessels is from 12 to 20 feet; for foreign trade vessels from 22 to 30 feet. Fish- ing boats draw less than 6 feet of water. All of the commerce reported used the improved section of the waterway. Comparative statement of traffic Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925-....-----.. 1 579, 305 $17,728,159 6 200, 000 1928-------- 4 578, 615 $17,577,702 6 360, 000 1926-...... i 2 598, 891 18, 487, 226 6 250, 000 1929..--------5 619, 852 19, 750, 153 6 431, 125 1927 --------.... 602,141 18, 087, 773 6 138, 780 1 Exclusive of 2,000 tons freight, valued at $75,000, and 10 teams, general ferry traffic. 2 Exclusive of 2,650 tons freight, valued at $80,000, and 10 teams, general ferry traffic. a Exclusive of 2,400 tons freight, value unknown, general ferry traffic. 4 Exclusive of 3,000 tons freight, value unknown, general ferry traffic. a Exclusive of 120 tons freight, value unknown, general ferry traffic. * Principally ferry passengers. Cost and financial sunmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ---- _ $4, 636, 642.83 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-...... 2, 924, 519. 57 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930----------- , 561, 162.40 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930----------- 10, 475.15 Net total cost to June 30, 1930----- -------- 7, 571, 637. 55 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 06.41 6---------------------- Net total expenditures ----------------------------- 7, 571, 031. 14 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ - ----------- 62, 983. 86 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ---- - 7, 634, 015. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1769 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.------,------ -- $420, 686. 81 $7, 491. 23 -------------------. Cost of maintenance------- ----------- 431, 434. 11 796, 793. 96 $266, 783. 51 $21, 594. 71 $29, 635. 24 Total cost----......--------- -------- 852,120. 92 804, 285. 19 266, 783. 51 21, 594. 71 29, 635. 24 Total expended_. . ---------------------- 852, 120. 92 804, 2§5. 19 300, 158. 59 7, 333. 89 40, 556. 28 . . Allotted-----------------.--.. -- ------ 300, 000. 00 300, 000. 00 - ...--.-----------------.60, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__-__------------- $43, 540. 14 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------- --------------------------------- 60, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for--------------------------- 103, 540. 14 Gross amount expended-------------------------- $40, 573. 78 Less receipts from sales------------------------------ 17. 50 40, 556. 28 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------- 62, 983.86 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 2, 838. 43 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------ 60, 145.43 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1, 2----------------- 92, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 --------------------- 180, 000. 00 13. CRESCENT CITY HARBOR, CALIF. Location and description.-This harbor is 70 miles north of Hum- boldt Bay and 310 miles south of the mouth of the Columbia River. It is formed by an indentation in the coast line about 1 mile in length by about three-fourths mile wide. It is partially protected from the open ocean by rocky reefs and small islands. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 5895.) Original condition.-The depths of water at this locality have always been fairly adequate for the commerce concerned, but the har- bor is more or less exposed, particularly to the heavy ocean swells from the southwest, which rendered mooring of vessels difficult and made it possible for vessels to lie at a wharf only in good weather. The minimum usable depth at mean lower low water was 25 feet in the outer part of the harbor and 15 feet in the inner part. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a rubble mound breakwater 3,000 feet in length, bearing approximately S. 270 E. from Battery Point. The range of tide between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 6.8 feet; the extreme range of tide is 11 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1927, is $1,145,000. The approved estimate for annual maintenance is $35,000 after completion. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 18, 1918 (H. Doc. No. 434, 64th Cong., 1st sess.), and the condi- tions of local cooperation were modified by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 4, 67th Cong., 2d 1 Exclusive of available funds. 2$95,000 additional to be contributed by local interests. 1770 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 sess.), and the act of January 21, 1927 (H. Doec. No. 595, 69th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifiaitions of project.-None. * Local cooperation.--The river and harbor act of July 18, 1918, re- quired- local interests to furnish $200,000 toward this improvement, to furnish such land as may be required for the operations of the Government in connection with the project, and to give assurances that the projected railroad between Crescent City, Calif., and Grants Pass, Oreg., will be completed within a reasonable time. The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, waived the condition as to the rail- road until an appropriation was made by the United States for the further prosecution of the project. The river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, waived the condi- tion with respect to the railroad and required that local interests pro- vide one-half of the cost of the project. The river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, eliminated the re- quirement that local interests provide one-half the cost of the project, upon condition that local interests shall furnish free of cost to the Government, or to any contractor that may be awarded the contract for the work, the right to take stone from a quarry acceptable, to the Chief of Engineers, and a suitable right of way for tracks from said quarry to the shore end of the breakwater. By resolution adopted May 14, 1928, the board of supervisors of Del Norte County, Calif., within which county Crescent City Harbor is situated, accepted the obligation on local interests imposed by the river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, and made necessary provision for compliance therewith. All such requirements to date have been complied with. Terminal facilities.-There are two wharves in this harbor. Both are privately owned. The principal wharf is equipped with derricks and sheer legs for loading and unloading freight. This wharf is open to the public on reasonable terms. The other wharf is owned by an oil company and used jointly with a steamship company for handling general merchandise, principally petroleum products. An- other oil company has oil-unloading facilities on the harbor side of the Government breakwater with a 6-inch pipe connecting it to shore tanks. These facilities are considered adequate fo- existing com- merce. Effect of improveme nt. The improvement, although but partly completed, has improved the conditions of anchorage in the harbor and increased the periods during which vessels can lie at the wharves. Operations and results ddring flscal year.-Delivery and placing of stone, under contract, for repairing and extending the break- water, were continued and during the fiscal year 3,763 tons of stone were delivered and placed for repairs (maintenance) and 146,104 tons in extending the breakwater (new work). The cost was $375,395.83 for new work and $10,095.24 for main- tenance, a total of $385,491.07. The expenditures were $399,183.78. Condition at end of fsod year.-The existing project is 73 per cent completed. The breakwater at the end of the fiscal year had reached project length, 3,000 feet, but the outer 800 feet was not up to RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1771 project dimensions. A total of 424,519 tons of stone has been placed in the breakwater, of which 41,508 tons were for maintenance. In addition, 6,117 cubic yards of concrete have been placed as a cap for maintenance. The total costs of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $666,682.27 (not including $217,115.54 contributed funds) for new work and $171,276.31 (not including $27,884.46 contributed funds) for maintenance, a total of $837,958.58. The total expendi- tures were $796,836.59 from United States funds and $245,000 from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended July 1, 1930, $145,163.41, will be applied to completion of the enrockment of the breakwater and of the concrete cap on the breakwater, by contract July to September, 1930, and March to June, 1931. The concrete cap has been completed for a length of 2,196 feet. The enrockment seaward of that point will be allowed to settle during the winter of 1930 to 1931, after which the concrete cap and a monolith at the outer end will be constructed. It is expected that the funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The above work will complete the project. It is not believed that maintenance will be necessary during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, and no additional funds can, there- fore, be profitably expended. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of this waterway consists principally of vegetable food products, lumber, cement, and petroleum products. The decrease in tonnage is due principally to the smaller shipments of lumber, while the increase in value is due to the larger movements of gasoline and other high-priced petroleum products. All of the commerce uses the improved section. The freight was carried on steam and motor vessels having drafts from 10 to 16 feet. Comparative statement of traffic Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925..--------------------- .. 68, 609 $5, 332, 903 1928 --------------------- 75, 961 $5, 369, 199 1926- -------------------- 68, 315 5, 869, 449 1929..--------------------- 59, 336 5, 709, 016 1927 --------------------- 81, 915 6, 920, 205 Cost and fincnaial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------- $666, 682. 27 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------_ 171, 276. 31 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_---------- '837, 958. 58 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------------ 4, 095. 61 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-------------- ------- 842, 054. 19 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ----------- 6--------___- 60. 00 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930------------------- 842, 114. 19 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 45, 277. 60 Net total expenditures---------------------------- 796, 836. 59 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------145, 163. 41 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------ - 942, 000. 00 SNot including $245,000 contributed by local interests and expended on this work: $217,115.54 for new work and $27,884.46 for maintenance. 1772 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ------------- --------------------------------- $73, 257.93 $375, 395. 8 Cost of maintenance------------------- $13,539.27 $1,081.68 $20, 351.45 113, 429.01 10,095.24 Total cost.. ---------------------- 13, 539. 27 1,081. 68 20, 351.45 180, 686. 94 385, 491.07 Total expended.......----------------------- 13, 539. 27 1, 081. 68 17, 696. 06 133, 860. 21 399, 183.78 Allotted..... ---------------------------- 1,000. 00 1, 000. 00 250, 000. 00 345,000.00 100,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__________________- $444, 347. 19 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------------- $60, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930_---------------------------------------- 40, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for---- ----------------------- 544, 347. 19 Gross amount expended ________--------------__-- 399,183. 78 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----____---------____ 145, 163.41 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------------44, 647. 21 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------- 38, 202. 38 82, 849. 59 Balance available June 30, 1930 ----------------- __- 62, 313. 82 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------------ 60. 00 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--------------62, 373. 82 14. NOYO RIVER, CALIF. Location and description.-The Noyo River rises in the Coast Range Mountains and flows westerly, emptying into the Pacific Ocean through a cove about 135 miles northwest of San Francisco. The river is about 32 miles long; drainage area about 137 square miles. A sand beach separates the cove from the river, the river mouth being at the extreme south end of the beach. Inside the mouth the river affords a fishery harbor 150 feet wide and approximately 2 miles long, with depths of from 4 to 10 feet. The head of navigation and also of the tidal section of the river is about 31/2 miles above its mouth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Chart No. 5703.) Original condition.-Originally a bar about 1.5 feet above mean lower low water extended across the mouth of the river, and naviga- tion in and out of the river was possible only at the higher stages of the tide. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 679, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). The cost under this project was $11,985.28 (not including $7,179.86 contributed funds) for new work and $32,110.95 (not in- cluding $820.14 contributed funds) for maintenance, a total of $44,- 096.23. The expenditures were $44,081.83 from United States funds and $8,000 from contributed funds. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide and a channel in the river 10 feet deep and 150 feet wide extending to the highway bridge at Noyo, to be ob- RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1773 tained by dredging and jetty construction. The tidal range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 5.9 feet. The extreme range is about 9 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1930, is $180,000. The latest approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (S. Doc. No. 156, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is contained in this document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922, required that local or other interests contribute $8,000 toward the cost of the project, which has been complied with. The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, in adopting the present project, required that local interests provide free of cost to the United States suitable areas for the disposal of dredged material, and give assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War and the Chief Engineers that they will furnish, without cost to the United States, "of or to any contractor that may undertake the work, the right to take stone from a quarry acceptable to the Chief of Engineers, together with suitable rights of way for railroal tracks that may be needed in bringing stone to the site of the improvement. Terminal facilities.-There are 10 privately owned wharves of ordinary pile construction used in connection with fish-packing plants and a boat-building establishment where fishing boats and launches are built and repaired. There are two marine railways used for repairing small barges and fishing boats. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.--The improvement has deepened the chan- nel at the mouth of the river to about 4 feet at mean lower low water. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Rocks were removed from the channel, under contract, between January 6 and April 22, 1930. The cost was $2,444.21, all for maintenance under the previous project. The expenditures were $2,504.79. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done under the existing project. The controlling depth in the channel into the river is 4 feet for a width of 50 feet. Fishing boats can enter and leave the river at any time, except in rough weather and at times of ex- treme low tides. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended July 1, 1930, $3,318.17, will be applied to maintenance protection of shore end of jetty, and will be exhausted by May 30, 1931. The sum of $2,500 can be expended profitably during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for repairing damage to the jetty and removing channel obstructions. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for 1929 consisted entirely of fish. This freight was carried in gasoline launches of about 3 to 6 feet draft. The increase in value is due to the higher prices paid for fish. 1774 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Comparative statement of traffic Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925---------------------- 356 $62,300 1928-_-_----------- 650 $112,750 1926---------------------- 361 63, 175 1929_--------- ------- 631 145,000 1927---------------------- 529 92, 575 1 During the calendar year 1929, 8 vessels drawing from 18 to 30 feet of water were loaded outside of the jetties for export shipments, with 13,538 tons of lumber, valued at $257,222. The foregoing shipments are not included in the report as pertaining to this waterway. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_______---------------------- $11, 985. 28 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------------- 32, 110. 95 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 44, 096. 23 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930---------------------------- 14. 40 Net total expenditures- _-------------------------- 44, 081. 83 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------- 3, 318. 17 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------- 47, 400. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------ ------- --- Cost of maintenance------------------- $2,996. 93 $358. 14 $10, 987. 22 $3, 859. 60 $2, 444. 21 Total expended_....--- .-.--..-------.-..- 2,996. 93 358. 14 10, 987. 22 3, 766. 79 2, 504. 79 Allotted.......-----------------------------.......................... 4, 000.00 4, 500.00 3,900.00 6, 500. 00 3, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------- $2, 822. 96 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 -------------------------------------------- 3, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for------ -___5, 822. 96 ..------------- Gross amount expended----- ---------------------- $2, 522.83 Less receipts from sales---- --- ------- 18. 04 2, 504. 79 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--- ------------------ 3, 318. 17 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 --- __-_- -__ -________-_ 54.03 Balance available June 30, 1930_- ----------____________ 3,264. 14 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- existing project _ 180, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - -- - -- - -- - - - -- - 30, 1932, for maintenance 2 ___ 2, 500. 00 15. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of prelimi- nary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and- harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doec. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, in- 'Not including $8,000 contributed by local interests and expended on the work; $7,179.86 for new work and $820.14 for maintenance. s Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1775 spections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in con- nection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $8,791.03; the expenditures were $8,568.28. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $6,000 can be profitably ex- pended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--- ------------------- $11, 625. 74 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 -------------------------- 259. 44 Net total expenditures------------------ --- ----------- 11,366. 30 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------- 6, 833. 70 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 8, 200. 00 1------------- Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-__ Cost of maintenance_..-.---.-.-----.. ---------------............ $2, 834. 71 $8, 791. 03 Total expended...-- ------------ ----------------------... .. ---------- 2,798. 02 8, 568.28 Allotted....----------------........................--...$1, 00 ------------------ ----........... 200. 9, 000. 00 8, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ________ _____ $7, 401. 98 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved May 28, 1930---_ --- ------------------------ $6, 000 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930.. 2, 000 8,000. 00 Amount to be accounted for___-- ______--------__--_ 15, 401. 98 Gross amount expended__---- - __--------_---- 8, 568. 28 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 -------------------- 6, 833. 70 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-------------------------- 933. 65 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------- 5, 900. 05 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 for maintenance 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - -- -- - 6, 000. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JULY 3, 1930 The local engineer was charged with the duty of making prelim- inary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and har- bor act approved July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports will be duly submitted when received: 1. Trinidad Bay, Humboldt County, Calif. 2. Corte Madera Creek, Marin County, Calif. 3. Bodega Bay, Sonoma County, Calif. 4. Albany Harbor, Calif. 5. Berkeley Harbor, Calif. 6. Emeryville Harbor, Calif. SExclusive of available funds. 11714---ENG 1930----112 1776 REPORTT OF CHIEF OF ENGINERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 7. Lower San Francisco Bay and Guadalupe River, Calif. 8. Port of San Francisco east of Belmont, South San Francisco Bay, Calif. 9. Point Arena Harbor, Calif. REPORTS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, UNITED STATES SENATE, AND THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated February 8, 1926, a review of reports on Mon- terey Harbor, Calif., printed in House Document No. 557, Fifty- ninth Congress, first session, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee November 2, 1929, and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 12, Seventy-first Congress, first session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a breakwater 1,300 feet long, with the shore connection extending about 750 feet due east from a point about halfway between Reeside Avenue and the Presidio boundary, and the outer section bearing S. 700 E., at an estimated cost of $610,000, with $18,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolution dated January 14, 1930, a review of reports on Suisun Bay Channel from Matinez to Antioch, Calif., printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 4, Seventieth Congress, first ses- sion, was requested. Report thereon was transmitted to the com- mittee February 20, 1930, and printed in River and Harbor Commit- tee Document No. 23, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recom- mendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide through Bulls- head Point Shoal, subject to the provisions that local interests con- tribute the sum of $20,000, which is the entire first cost of this part of the work, and for a channel south of Seal Islands 20 feet deep and 250 feet wide, extending from Point Edith easterly to the main chan- nel in Suisun Bay, at a total estimated cost of $72,000, with $11,500 annually for maintenance. By resolution dated January 14, 1930, a review of reports on Oak- land Harbor, Calif., printed in House Document No. 407, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee May 28, 1930, and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 43, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for an entrance channel to the outer harbor 800 feet wide at the bay end, narrowing to 600 feet at the pier- head line, at an estimated cost of $197,000, with $10,000 annually for maintenance, in addition to that now required, subject to certain con- ditions of local cooperation. By resolution dated October 18, 1929, a review of reports on Noyo River, Calif., printed in House Document No. 679, Sixty-sixth Con- gress, second session, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee May 28, 1930, and printed in Senate Document No. 156, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recom- mendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for an entrance channel 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide, and a channel in the river 10 feet deep and 150 feet wide, extending to the highway bridge at Noyo, at an estimated cost of $180,000, with $10,000 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SACRAMENTO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1777 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. Reports as indicated below, called for by resolutions of the Com- mittee on Commerce, United States Senate, and the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, House of Representatives, will be submitted as soon as practicable: 1. Review of reports on Crescent City Harbor, Calif., printed in House Document No. 434, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session, and House Document No. 595, Sixty-ninth Congress, second session. 2. Review of reports on Humboldt Harbor, Calif., printed in House Document No. 755, Sixty-ninth Congress, second session. 3. Review of reports on Napa River, Calif., printed in House Doc- ument No. 795, Sixty-third Congress, second session. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE SACRAMENTO, CALIF., DISTRICT This district, so far as actual project work is concerned, embraces the rivers and waterways within the area drained by the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers above their confluence at the head of Suisun Bay. It is entirely within the State of California and extends from the Sierra Nevada on the east to the Coast Range on the west, and from the Cascade Range and the Oregon boundary on the north to the Tehachapi Mountains on the south. For supervision the district also includes a part of Oregon and Nevada, particularly that part of the Great Basin that tends to drain toward the central portion of Nevada. District engineer: Lieut. Col. T. H. Emerson, Corps of Engineers, to September 11, 1929; Maj. J. R. D. Matheson, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Lieut. Col. J. Franklin Bell, Corps of Engineers, to November 15, 1929; Lieut. Col. T. M. Robins, Corps of Engineers, since November 30, 1929. IMPROVEMENT Page Page 1. San Joaquin River, Calif____ 1777 5. Feather River, Calif-------- 1798 2. Stockton and Mormon Chan- 6. Middle River and Empire nels (diverting canal), Cut, Calif _____-_--------- 1801 Calif--------------------- 1786 7. Examinations, surveys, and 3. Mokelumne River, Calif____ 1789 contingencies (general) ___ 1802 4. Sacramento River, Calif--.. 1792 1. SAN JOAQUIN RIVER, CALIF. Location and description.-The upper branches of the San Joaquin River rise in the Sierra Nevada and unite at a point 25 miles south- east of the Yosemite Valley to form the main river, which flows southwesterly to Herndon, 68 miles; thence westerly to Firebaugh, 50 miiles; thence northwesterly to the mouth of Stockton Channel, 162 miles; and thence in the same general direction to Suisun Bay, 41.3 miles, its total length being about 325 miles. Stockton Channel is 2.6 miles long and connects the city of Stockton with the river. Mormon Channel is a branch of Stockton Channel and extends through the southerly part of Stockton 1.7 miles to the head of 1778 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 navigation at Center Street. Mormon Slough extends upstream from the head of navigation in Mormon Channel and is the south branch of Calaveras River. Fremont Channel and McLeod Lake form an arm of Stockton Channel near its upper end and extend northeasterly 2,000 feet, being an important part of the city harbor. The total drainage area, exclusive of that which ordinarily drains into Tulare Lake, is about 15,500 square miles, of which about 2,400 is included in the Mokelumne River. The maximum discharge at the mouth is estimated to be 260,000 second-feet. The low-water discharge at the mouth is practically nothing, due to diversions for irrigation needs, etc. Tidal influence is felt over the lower 65 miles, and in this reach the average fall at low water is from 0.1 to 0.2 foot per mile. Above this reach to the head of navigation at Hills Ferry, 127.3 miles above the mouth, there is an average fall of 0.8 foot per mile at low water. The river decreases in width from 4,000 feet at its mouth, to 300 feet at the mouth of Stockton Channel, and from here to Hills Ferry it has an average width of 200 feet between banks. At extremely low water the flow at places between Herndon and San Joaquin bridge, 57.3 miles above the mouth, is not continuous, due to diversion through irrigation canals and sloughs. Original condition.-In the lower 34 miles the river has always been broad and deep. In spite of numerous sharp bends and chan- nel widths of less than 100 feet in places, the 15 miles of river above, including Stockton Channel, were navigated at mean lower low water by boats drawing 6 feet. Fremont Channel and McLeod Lake were less than 5 feet deep in places at mean lower low water. The north branch of the Calaveras River was choked with silt, and Mormon Slough had become the principal branch, during freshets carrying large quantities of silt which were deposited in Mormon and Stockton Channels. The upper river, although obstructed by snags and reduced by side channels, was navigated by boats drawing 4 feet to the head of navigation at Hills Ferry about half the year and to Firebaugh for a few weeks at high water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 26 feet deep at mean lower low water and 100 feet wide on the bottom, except in New York Slough, where the width is to be 300 feet, following the river route, from the mouth of New York Slough to the city of Stockton, a distance of 45 miles, via New York Slough, San Joaquin River, and Stockton Channel, with levees set back 230 feet from the center of the channel, and having suitable passing places with a turning basin at Stockton; for dredging in Mormon Slough from its mouth to Center Street, Stockton, a distance of 1.7 miles, to a depth of 9 feet at mean lower low water and a width of 100 feet; for a depth of 9 feet in Fremont Channel and McLeod Lake; for cutting off sharp bends and making cut-offs in the river; for partial closing of side channels at Lairds Slough and Paradise Cut by weirs to con- fine the low-water flow to one main channel; and for snagging, re- moving overhanging trees, and constructing brush wing dams from the mouth of Stockton Channel to Hills Ferry, 86 miles, to facilitate light-draft navigation on this part of the river during higher stages of water. All depths are referred to mean lower low water. The following table shows the tide and flood conditions prevailing: RIVERS AND HARBORS-SACRAMENTO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1779 San Joaquin River Miles Range in feet Place from mouth of Mean Extreme Ordinary Extreme river tidal 1 tidal flood flood Collinsville....------------------------------------- 0 5. 8 7. 0 8.0 9. 9 Mouth, Stockton Channel.------------------------- 41.3 3.2 4. 5 8. 5 13. 7 San Joaquin Bridge___..........._-__...... ........ 57. 3 1. 1 1. 5 17. 0 21. 0 Hills Ferry..--........................--------------------------------- 127. 3 ........ 12. .--------..---------... 16. 0 1 Mean lower low water to mean higher high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1927, is $4,046,400. This amount includes $1,100,000 for the construction of two dredges and also $1,307,500 to be contributed by local interests toward the cost of dredging. The latest (1927) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $181,000 during the first year and $111,000 annually thereafter. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The acts) of August 14, 1876, March 3, 1881, July 5, 1884, August 11, 1888, July 13, 1892, August 18, 1894, and June 3, 1896, provided for cutting off sharp bends and making cut-offs in San Joaquin River below the mouth of Stockton Channel, dredging Mormon Shannel, snagging, removing obstructions, and construct- ing wing dams in San Joaquin River from Stockton Channel to Hills Ferry, and the partial closing of side channel's at Laird Slough and Paradise Cut, without adopting any specific dimensions; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the 9-foot channel up to Stockton (H. Doc. No. 1124, 60th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the improvement of Fremont Channel and McLeod Lake (H. Doc. No. 581, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); and the act approved January 21, 1927, provided for the 26-foot project (H. Doc. No. 554, 68th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in House Docu- ments Nos. 332, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session, and 554, Sixty- eighth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Underthe provisions of the river and harbor acts of June 25, 1910, and July 25, 1912, all lands needed for cut-offs, channel widening, cutting off sharp bends, and depositing dredged material were required to be furnished free of cost to the United States, and local interests were required to give satisfactory evidence that they would provide adequate bulkheads and terminals in Fre- mont Channel and McLeod Lake. The lands needed have been furnished for all cut-offs and for widening the channel and cutting off bends of Stockton Channel, and the provisions for bulkheads and terminals in McLeod Lake and Fremont Channel were approved by the Secretary of War, September 11, 1912. All of the land required for widening channel and for spoil disposal has been provided by local interests. In addition, the following work, not required by law, has been done with local funds for the benefit of the public: Rights of way furnished for Head Reach cut-off made in 1891; three cut-offs made by the State of California (see Annual Report for 1900, p. 4224); a dredge maintained at Stockton by that city (see Annual Report for 1780 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 1882, p. 2537); extensive wharves and concrete bulkheads built at Stockton; the river dredged by San Joaquin County in 1910; the dam at Paradise Cut maintained mainly during recent years by private interests; bank protective work by the State and private owners in the vicinity of Lindley cut-off, made in 1921, a mile below Stockton Channel, and also near San Joaquin Bridge, 16.3 miles above Stockton Channel. The river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, in adopting the 26-foot project imposes the conditions that local interests shall furnish, without cost to the United States, a suitable right of way 750 feet wide, and of necessary width for Mormon Channel, and suitable areas for the disposal of dredged material, shall contribute $1,307,500 to the first cost of dredging, which is one-half the esti- mated cost of this work; shall assume the maintenance of levees; shall furnish satisfactory assurances that they will complete, by the date of completion of the channel, terminals with a berthing space of at least 1,200 linear feet, of which at least 800 linear feet shall be provided with transit sheds suitable for the handling of general cargo; and shall at once acquire the necessary water-front area for, and prepare and submit plans for, an ultimate terminal development capable of handling at least 1,000,000 tons per year; all plans for present or future terminal development to be subject to the approval of the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers. In preparation for compliance with the above requirements the city of Stockton has purchased 381.7 acres of land with a total of 10,228 linear feet of waterfront, lying on both sides of Stockton Channel below the mouth of Mormon Channel; the council of the city of Stockton has the authority to issue bonds in the sum of $3,000,000 and to expend same in cooperation with the United States as required by the act adopting this project, and also the council may use such of this money at any time as may be necessary for the purchase of land required for harbor development lying to the east of the junction of Stockton Channel with the San Joaquin River; the State of California has appropriated $91,500 toward the amount to be contributed for dredging operations and $419,000 for the pur- chase of rights of way for this project; to June 30, 1930, $400,000 has been contributed. Local interests are acquiring the necessary right of way. Resolutions of the City Council of Stockton, dated January 7, 1927, have been accepted as satisfactorily fulfilling the conditions requiring local interests to give assurances that suitable terminals would be constructed by the time of completion of the channel. Terminal facilities.-In New York slough there are 13 wharves. All are of wooden pile construction, 2 of which are used by river steamers as general freight landings; 1 is used in connection with a shipyard; the other 10 are used by the owners for their own lines of business. Of the 13 wharves, 1 is for deep-sea vessels and the remainder for river boats and fish boats; 1 has spur track; 2 have oil pipe lines; otherwise there is no mechanical equipment for handling freight. There are 17.200 linear feet of water front on McLeod Lake and Stockton Channel above the mouth of Mormon Channel, of which 9,300 linear feet are owned by the city of Stockton and the balance by private interests. On Mormon Channel there are 18,000 linear feet of water front, of which 7,000 linear feet are owned RIVERS AND HARBORS-SACRAMENTO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1781 by the city. The total warehouse and other storage space on all the above water front is 1,008,000 square feet, of which 55,000 square feet are on land owned by the city; and there is a total of 9,200 linear feet of wharves, of which 5,100 linear feet are municipally owned, and 500 linear feet are open to general public use. A large ware- house, privately owned, has been built on the north side of Stockton Channel near a recent railroad extension, about 11/2 miles below Stockton. On the river above Stockton Channel there is a ware- house at Temple Slough, 144.5 miles upstream, and 7 between Stock- ton Channel and Old River, 13.7 miles upstream, all privately owned and used. There are no large warehouses on the river proper below Stockton Channel, landings and sheds being used to handle traffic, except at Antioch and below, near the mouth, where extensive wharves and warehouses exist. However, in the delta country on both sides many warehouses have been constructed to store com- modities later shipped on the main river. The terminal facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see IH.Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Ocean vessels may now reach Pittsburg and other points in New York Slough and can more readily reach Antioch, the distance from the ocean to the latter being shortened by several miles. Increased transportation facilities have resulted from shortening the distance between Stockton and all bay points and from stabilizing navigation schedules formerly irregular. Navi- gation in foggy weather has been rendered safer and easier, and the lands through which the river flows have indirectly benefited in that the high-water plane has been lowered appreciably. The effect of the improvement upon water and railroad freight rates is inde- terminate at present, but it tends to lower them. Additional needed harbor space has become available to the city of Stockton. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A total of 19 obstruc- tions were removed from the main river below Stockton Channel, by hired labor, at a cost of $748.02 for maintenance. Necessary sound- ings, surveys, and investigations of navigable conditions were made by hired labor, at a cost of $2,583.04, for maintenance. Dredging for the 26-foot channel from the mouth of New York slough to Stockton, authorized by the river and harbor act ap- proved January 21, 1927, was commenced April 14, 1930. A total of 770,475 cubic yards of material was removed from the channel section, of which 11,800 cubic yards were placed in main levee con- struction in front of Great Western Electrio-Chemical Co.'s property on the southerly bank of New York slough, about 11/2 miles east of Pittsburgh, by clamshell dredge, and 758,675 cubic yards were placed in the spoil disposal area on Browns Island, by hydraulic pipe-line dredge, all under formal contracts, at a total cost, including prelim- inary work, of $98,129.14 for new work. The cost of work during the year was $101,460.20, of which $98,- 129.14, including $43,073.29 contributed funds, was for new work and $3,331.06 for maintenance, all from United States funds. The expenditures were $72,653.03, of which $29,579.74 was from United States funds and $43,073.29 was from contributed funds. A balance of $675.79 was carried over from the fiscal year 1929 from the contribution of $6,000 from the city of Stockton for widen- ing Stockton Channel by cutting off part of Banner Island just 1782 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 below the mouth of Fremont Channel. This work was completed during the fiscal year 1929 and the city of Stockton has been re- quested to make application for refund of the balance. Allotments of $500 for each of the following tributaries of San Joaquin River, for dredging shoals, were made from funds per- taining to San Joaquin River, under authority of the provisions of section 1 of the river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912: Sal- mon and Tom Paine sloughs, Crocker and Doughty Cuts, and Old River. No work was done and no money was expended during the fiscal year under these allotments. Condition at end of fiscal year.-A channel in the main river from the mouth up to Stockton Channel, and up the latter to Stockton, with 9-foot depth and 200-foot width, has been completed, except for maintenance. Fifteen river-bend cut-offs have been made at various points along the river, of which three were by the State of Cali- fornia. These cut-offs have shortened the navigable channel by over 6 miles, have increased scouring effects of the tide, and have reduced the flood-water plane. During the early years of the project, dams at Paradise Cut and Laird Slough were built, having in view the confinement of flow to one channel. The latter dam has since been washed out. Some temporary improvement work was also done. In the river up to Stockton Channel, in Stockton Channel, Fre- mont Channel, and McLeod Lake, at the end of the fiscal year, a 9-foot depth is the controlling depth at mean lower low water, and in Mormon Channel, a 4-foot depth likewise. A 200-foot width, 9 feet deep, is available in San Joaquin River and Stockton Channel from the mouth of the river to Stockton and in Mormon Channel an 80-foot width is available. The river from the mouth of Stockton Channel up to Hills Ferry usually has a controlling depth of 6 feet from April to June, inclu- sive. Navigation in this section above San Joaquin bridge (South- ern Pacific Railroad crossing) is impracticable in the low stages after June. Gage readings above low water corresponding to this controlling depth are as follows: United States Weather Bureau gage at Lathrop bridge, 8 feet; San Joaquin City, 11 feet; Grayson, 10 feet; Hills Ferry, 10 feet. The existing project is 6 per cent complete. The total excavation made under this project, since commencing work on April 14, 1930, for new work, was 770,475 cubic yards, all from the project channel. Of this amount 758,675'cubic yards were excavated by hydraulic dredge, under contract, and 11,800 cubic yards by clamshell dredges, under contract. Total cost was $1,272,101.69, of which $579,586.53, including $56,606.85 contributed funds, was for new work, and $692,515.16 for maintenance. Total expenditures were $1,246,495.94, of which $1,189,889.09 was from United States funds and $56,606.85 was from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-If conditions of local cooperation are ful- filled, it is proposed to apply the balance unexpended July 1, 1930 (including $300,000 to be contributed by local interests), as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-SACRAMENTO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1783 New work, 26-foot channel project: Construction of tidal levees; and back levees of spoil areas (contract work) _--_________________________------------___ $169,000.00 Construction of channel flood levees (contract work)______- 300, 000. 00 Channel excavation (contract work) ---------------------- 843, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities_______________------------------------------------ 30, 996. 43 Total ______ ___________________ 1, 342, 996. 43 Maintenance: Dredging in Stockton, Mormon, and Fremont Channels and McLeod Lake, by hired clam shell dredges__ ------------- 6, 000. 00 Dredging in San Joaquin River, above and below Stockton Chanel, by hired clamshell dredges----------------------- 11, 000. 00 Snagging by U. S. snagboat Yuba, with small working parties (hired labor) ------------------------- 6, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities________________ __________ 309. 63 Total ____________________ _____ 23, 309. 63 Grand total ------------------------------------------- __ 1, 366, 306. 06 It is believed that the funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. The additional sum of $585,000 (of which $302,500 is to be con- tributed by local interests), can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: New work: Channel excavation and construction of flood levees (con- tract work) ------------------------------------- _ $562, 500 Maintenance : Dredging in Stockton Channel, Fremont Channel, and McLeod Lake, by hired clamshell dredges-____ - - - 4, 500 Dredging in main river above and below Stockton Chanel by hired clamshell dredges__ 12, 000 Snagging by U. S. snagboat Yuba with small working parties (hired labor) 6. 000 Total _ 32, 500 Grand total_ ___-- 585, 000 The proposed expenditure ($22,500) for maintenance is larger than the average expended for that purpose during the preceding five years owing to the need of maintaining channels of greater depth. Commercial statistics.-Practicallyall freight is transported over the portion of the river under improvement. The draft of loaded vessels is seldom over 8 feet, except in New York Slough. The commerce for the calendar year 1929 showed a decrease from that of 1928 of 4 per cent in tonnage and 1 per cent in value. The de- creases in tonnage and value were due to fewer shipments of lumber, and sand and gravel from curtailed building operations; and to increasing competition of motor trucks and to fuel pipe lines built into Antioch and Pittsburg. Of the total tonnage, fruit and vege- tables formed about 18 per cent; sand and gravel, 14 per cent; sugar beets, 13 per cent; lumber, 12 per cent; grain and millstuffs, 11 per cent; refined oils, 8 per cent; fuel oil, 6 per cent; general merchan- dise, 5 per cent; and crushed rock, 3 per cent. There are no ports of call on this river. 1784 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers yearS year 1925--------........ 849, 687 $47, 192, 499 131, 520 1928-------- 984, 326 $43, 378, 146 80, 828 1926 ......-------- 934, 809 56, 455, 662 113, 452 1929-------- 941, 139 42, 759, 858 77, 993 1927 1....... 1, 152, 743 51, 604, 962 99, 320 1Includes 353,996 tons on New York slough which does not pass over other sections of river. Tonnage on New York slough included in figures since 1927. Cost and financial summary UNITED STATES FUNDS _-__ -- Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__________ _--___ ---- $522, 979. 68 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_-------------------------- 692, 515. 16 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 215, 494. 84 1-----------, Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ------------ 5, 261. 80 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 1, 220, 756. 64 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 23. 25 1---------------------- Gross total costs to June 30, 1930--------------------- 1, 220, 879.89 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930- 30, 990. 80 Net total expenditures____________________________ 1, 189, 889. 09 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_-_ __- - 722, 912. 91 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_______ 1, 912, 802. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_-------------- $5, 066. 97 $27, 043. 39 $17, 892. 82 $55, 055. 85 ....... Cost of maintenance-------- $38, 633. 04 16, 336. 72 12, 751.09 18, 713.07 3, 331.06 Total cost----------_- _- _- 38, 633.04 21403. 69 39, 794.48 36, 605. 89 58, 386. 91 Total expended.. .... ........ .._ 38, 633.04 21, 403. 69 42, 196.80 37, 653.21 29, 579.74 Allotted ._........... .......... ..... ... 25, 000. 00 13, 000.00 335, 500.00 206, 500. 00 248, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ ___ __ __ ____ __ ___ __ $504, 492.65 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930 __- 450, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for________________________ 954, 492. 65 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment -- 202, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for _ -- - 752, 492. 65 Gross amount expended -_ _-__-__- _ _ 29, 579. 74 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930___ 722, 912.91 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_ $2, 774. 77 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 62, 805. 00 65, 579. 77 Balance available June 30, 1930_ 657, 333. 14 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930__ __-_____ - -_____________ 123. 25 Unobligated balance available June 30. 1930___________ 657, 456. 39 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ____ 1, 516, 400. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SACRAMENTO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1785 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work ------------------------------------------- $260, 000.00 For maintenance 22, 500. 00 Total 1 ------------------------------- 282, 500. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------- 56, 606. 85 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ .Net total expenditures. - 56, 606. 85 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ 343, 393. 15 Total amount contributed to June 30, 19302---- 400, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....---------- ------------------------------------ $33. 56 $43, 073. 29 Cost of maintenance_ ' ... ..... . ..... ... ....... Total expended-__..__ .. - - - - - -- 33. 56 43, 073. 29 Contributed.................-------------------------------I----------------------... 35,000.00 --....-- 365,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ $21, 466. 44 Amount contributed by city of StocktOn_ 365, 000. 00 Amount to be ;lc('ounted for- -- 386, 466. 44 Gross amount exl)ended __ _ 43, 073. 29 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-_ _ 343, 393. 15 Outstand_ng liabilities June 30, 1930-_ $1, 580. 46 Amount covered by uncomlpleted contracts 58, 805. 00 60, 385. 46 Balance available June 30, 1930_ -- __ 283, 007. 69 Amount (estimated) required to be contributedl for conplet on of existing project ' -------------------------------------------- 907, 500. 00 Amount that can b)e profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for new work 1--------------- _ _ 302, 500. 00 CONSOLIDATED COST AND FINANCIAL. SUMM ARY FOR SAN JOAQUIN RIVER, CALIF. Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 _ - $579, 586. 53 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ - - 692, 515. 16 Total cost of permanent work to .une 30). 1930 1, 272, 101. 69 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30. 1930 . 5, 261. 80 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_ 1, 277, 363. 49 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 123. 25 Gross total costs to June 30. 1930_ --- 1, 277. 486. 74 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 30, 990. 80 Net total expenditures_ 1, 246, 495. 94 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 _____________________________ 1, 066, 306. 06 Total amount appropriated and contributed to June 30, 1930 --- ______----------------- 2,312. 802.00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 2Does not include $8,500 contributed by the city of Stockton in 1928 for making surveys for rights of way, nor $6,000 contributed by the city of Stockton in 1929 for widening channel at Banner Island Turning Basin. 1786 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work- ._-_ _-_-_-___ -............ $5, 066. 97 $27,043. 39 $17, 926. 38 $98, 129.14 Cost of maintenance- .------------ - -- $38, 633.04 16, 336. 72 12, 751.09 18, 713.07 3, 331.06 Total cost.-_- - _ .---------- 38, 633.04 21, 403. 69 39, 794.48 36, 639. 45 101, 460. 20 Total expended .... _- -- -_------ 38, 633.04 21, 403. 69 42, 196. 80 37, 686. 77 72, 653.03 Allotted and contributed---------- _ - 25, 000. 00 13, 000. 00 1335, 500.00241,500.00 1 13,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------ $525, 959.09 Amount allotted from first deficiency act fiscal year 1930 ------------------------ ------ $450, 000. 00 Amount contributed by city of Stockton------------ 365, 000. 00 815, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------------- 1, 340, 959.09 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment---------------- 202, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for-----------------------1,1, 138, 959. 09 Gross amount expended--------------------------------------- 72, 653.03 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 1, 066,306, 06 Outstand ng liabilities June 30, 1930 --------------- 4, 355. 23 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts --------- 121, 610. 00 125, 965. 23 Balance available June 30, 1930---------------------- 940, 340. 83 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930_ _ 123. 25 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930-------------- 940, 464. 08 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated and contributed for completion of existing project 1---------- 2, 423, 900. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work ------------------------------------------- 562, 500. 00 For maintenance 122, 500. 00 Total_--------------------------------------------------- 585, 000. 00 2. STOCKTON AND MORMON CHANNELS (DIVERTING CANAL), CALIF. Location and description.-This is an artificial cut about 5 miles long, located about 2 miles northeast of Stockton, and designed to prevent the deposit in Stockton and Mormon Channels of silt com- ing down from the upper Calaveras River through Mormon Slough, the south branch of the Calaveras River, by diverting it to the north branch of river proper. (See U. S. Geological Survey Sheet " Stock- ton quadrangle.") Original condition.--The north branch of the Calaveras River, which formerly carried most of the discharge of the stream, had be- come choked with silt and Mormon Slough had become the princi- pal branch. During annual freshets there were deposited large quan- tities of silt in the quiet waters of Mormon and Stockton Channels, and extensive dredging was necessary to keep the channels open. Previous projects.--None. Existg project.-This provides for diverting the waters of Mor- mon Slough before reaching Mormon and Stockton Channels by 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SA(RAMENTO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1787 means of a dam in the slough 3 miles east of Stockton, and a canal 150 feet wide, with average cut of 7.9 feet, thence to the north branch of the Calaveras River, 4.63 miles; by the enlargement of the cross section of this branch to 1,550 square feet, thence to its mouth at the San Joaquin River, 5 miles; and by the construction of a levee along the west side of the canal and the south side of the north branch of the Calaveras River from the material excavated. The height of the levee is limited by necessary railway and highway crossings to about 3 feet above the contemplated flood surface. The canal is empty during the greater part of the year, but at times of extreme flood there is a depth of about 12 feet, and at ordinary flood a depth of about 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1906, was $280,395. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 152, 55th Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1899, p. 3188). The latest published map is in House Document No. 256, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of March 7, 1924, the Chief of Engineers recommended that this project be modified to provide for enlargement of the diversion channels and extension of the levee system to carry 13,500 second-feet, at a total estimated cost of $229,000, contingent on local interests providing a dam and reservoir on the Calaveras River in the vicinity of Valley Springs, so constructed and operated as to produce a maximum flow of that river, at the dam, of 7,500 second-feet under flood condi- tions equivalent to those of 1911, providing necessary rights of way and bridge alterations and protecting the United States from claims arising out of past or future damages alleged to result from its diversion works. (See H. Doc. No. 217, 68th Cong., 1st sess.) Local coope1ration.-Under the provisions of the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, all land needed for the right of way for this canal was required to be furnished free of cost to the United States, and this has been done, the matter having received the approval of the Secretary of War under date of December 2, 1907. The bridges across the canal were built by the United States, but they have been maintained and, four have been rebuilt by the local authorities. Prior to the commencement of work by the United States the waters of Mormon Slough had been diverted over the " Boggs Tract." Terminal facilities.-See report on San Joaquin River, Calif. Effect of improvement.-Deposits in Stockton and Mormon Chan- nels have been lessened and the cost of maintenance has been reduced. Navigation has not been interrupted by the formation of bars. The 1911 flood on the Calaveras River would have caused great damage to navigation had the diverting canal not been in existence. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Brush and other obstruc- tions were cleared from banks of the Calaveras River and along the river section of the diverting canal for a distance of 22,575 feet. The cost of this work by hired labor was $3,788.35, for main- tenance. Miscellaneous investigations and surveys of canal and United States property boundary lines cost $1,119.56, for mainte- nance. Total cost of all operations was $4,907.91, for maintenance. The total expenditure was $5,174.34. 1788 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1910, at a saving of $27,244 under the estimated cost. Most of the silt formerly deposited in Stockton and Mormon Channels is diverted from them by this diverting canal, thereby saving ma- terial inconveniences to navigation and the expensive annual dredg- ing formerly necessary in these channels. Total cost of work under this project has been $324,212.53, of which $253,151.03 was for new work and $71,061.50 for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $324,174.71. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply to maintenance all funds unexpended July 1, 1930, as follows: Removal of brush, overhanging trees, and other obstructions from the channel and banks of both sections of the diverting canal by hired labor or contract as may prove most economical ------- $3, 000.00 Removal of deposits of silt from both sections of the diverting canal, by contract clamshell or land dredging plant __---------------- 2, 376. 00 Outstanding liabilities--------------------------------------- 44. 29 Total --- ---------------------------------------- 5, 420. 29 It is expected that the funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. The additional sum of $4,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, for maintenance as follows: Removal of brush, overhanging trees, and other obstructions from the channel and bapks of both sections of the diverting canal by hired labor or contract as may prove most economical---------------- $1, 500 Removal of deposits of silt from both sections of the diverting canal, by contract clamshell or land dredging plant..-------------------- 3,000 Total ------------- ---- _---------------------- 4, 500 The amount that can be profitably used for maintenance is larger than the average expended for that purpose during the preceding five years because very little dredging has been done since 1926, and progressive accumulations of silt will require a greater rate of expenditure for their final removal. Commercial statistics.-See preceding report on San Joaquin River. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 --------------------------- $253, 151. 03 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-- ------------------------ 71, 061. 50 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------- __ 324, 212. 53 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 --------------------------- 37.82 Net total expenditures--------------------------------324, 174. 71 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------------_ 5, 420. 29 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930- ___ 329, 595. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ...---. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cost of maintenance ..-------------------. . $4, 753. 31 $1, 972. 65 $2, 573. 56 $3, 696.89 $4, 907. 91 Total expended--.--------------------- 4, 753. 31 1, 972. 65 2, 397. 32 3,482.09 5,174.34 Allotted -------- -- --- 3,000.00 3,000.00 4,000.00 3,200.00 5,000.00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SACRAMENTO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1789 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------- $5, 594. 63 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ------------------------------------------------ 5, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for------------------------------ 10, 594. 63 Gross amount expended----------------------------------------- 5,174.34 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------- 5,420. 29 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ----- ----------------------- 41.24 Balance available June 30, 1930--------------------------- 5, 379. 05 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance ------------------------------------- 4, 500.00 3. MOKELUMNE RIVER, CALIF. Location and description.-The Mokelumne River rises near the crest of the Sierra Nevada, flows a total distance of 140 miles via the North Fork, or 145 miles via the South Fork, and empties into the San Joaquin River 20 miles above the mouth of the latter. Its course is southwesterly 119 miles to the town of Woodbridge; thence northerly about 9 miles to the Galt-New Hope Bridge; thence north- westerly, westerly, and southerly 8 miles by river to New Hope Land- ing, where it separates, afterwards reuniting below in a southerly direction 9 miles via the North Fork and 14 miles via the South Fork (forming Staten Island); thence westerly 4 miles to its mouth in the San Joaquin River. The lower river lies generally about midway between the cities of Sacramento and Stockton. It has a drainage area of about 2,400 square miles. The discharge varies from less than 100 second-feet from September to December to 3,000 from April to July. The average slope is about 0.5 foot per mile. The average width varies from about 1,000 feet at the lower end to about 100 feet at the head of navigation at Galt-New Hope Bridge. It istidal over its navi- gable length, 35 miles, including both forks. Over the remaining or upper portion the flow is rapid. (See U. S. Geological Survey " Topographic Map of the Sacramento Valley, Calif.") Original condition.-In general, dimensions of channel and mini- mum usable depth at mean lower low water in the tidal reach, which is also the section included in the project, were as given above in Location and description and as tabulated below in Existing project, except for several large shoals. Also, snags and overhanging trees obstructed navigation. The head of navigation was at Galt-New Hope Bridge. Previous projects.-None. Existing' project.---This provides for the removal of snags and obstructions and occasional dredging of shoals from the mouth of the river to Galt-New Hope Bridge, a distance of 35 miles, including both forks. The mean lower low-water depths considered sufficient for needs of navigation are as follows: ' Exclusive of available funds. 1790 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Mokeltumne River Location of section going upstream Depth Length Feet .Miles Mouth of river to lower junction North and South Forks_--____-------.-.---.-.--- 9 4 Lower junction North and South Forks to Snodgrass Slough via North Fork........ 9 8 Snodgrass Slough to upper junction North and South Forks via North Fork ...... 6 1 Lower junction North and South Forks to uliper junction of same at New Hope Landing via South Fork __9 14 New Hope Landing to Galt-New Hope Bridge_ ......- .-.....-....-.... ----. -- 3 8 At low river stages the range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water at the mouth is 4 feet, with extreme tidal range of 5 feet; there is no tide at the upper end, just above Galt- New Hope Bridge. Ordinarily flood fluctuation is 5.5 feet at the mouth and 12 feet at the upper end. Extreme flood fluctuation is 8 feet at the mouth and 17 feet at the upper end. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1881, was $8,250. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884. (Anual Report for 1882, p. 2637.) For latest pub- lished map see House Document No. 1160, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recomaended modifiation of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None has been required by law. In 1904 the State of California spent $10,000 and private parties $40,000 and in 1910 the State spent $22,782.39 on improvement of navigable channels. Terminal facilities.-Commodities are handled on landings or directly on the banks at various points. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improv'ent.-Regular steamboat operation has been made possible to the Galt-New Hope Bridge, with a resulting tend- ency to reduce water freight rates. The development of the con- tiguous delta country is due considerably to the improved conditions for navigation, as the most practicable transportation is by water. Operations and results during fiscal year.-One hundred sixty-one snags were removed from Mokelumne River between New Hope Landing Bridge and Bensons Ferry Bridge, by hired labor, at a cost of $2,657.51, for maintenance. The work under allotment of $500 from funds pertaining to Mokelumne River for work in Beaver slough, a tributary of Moke- lumne River, was completed. Seventy-one snags were removed from this waterway, by hired labor, at a cost of $373.26 for maintenance. The total cost of operations was $3,030.77, for maintenance. The total expenditure was $9,369.25. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1885. Controlling depths are as shown in the table under existing project, except in the third section, where 4 feet is the con- trolling depth. The channel is reasonably free of obstructions to the head of navigation except for a few that usually develop at low- water stages in the fall. Total cost has been $48,054.41, of which $8,500 was for new work and $39,554.41 for maintenance. Total expenditure has been $48,054.41. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SACRAMENTO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1791 Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply to maintenance all the funds unexpended July 1, 1930, as follows: Dredging sand bars and shoals by hired clamshell dredges ----------- $800. 00 Removing snags, overhanging trees, and other obstructions by U. S. snsagboat Yuba and hired labor---------------------------------- 405. 59 Total ---------------------------------------------------- 1,205. 59 It is expected that the funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. The additional sum of $700 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, for maintenance, as follows: Dredging sand bars and shoals by hired clamshell dredges_--------------$500 Removing snags, overhanging trees, and other obstructions by U. S. snag- boat Yuba and hired labor----------------------------------------- 200 Total ------------------------------- 700 Commercial statistics.-Practically all freight is transported over those portions of the river where depths considered sufficient for the needs of navigation under the existing project are maintained. The draft of loaded vessels is seldom over 7 feet up to New Hope Land- ing, and seldom over 4 feet thence to Galt-New Hope Bridge, Commerce for the calendar year 1929 showed a slight increase in tonnage and a decrease of 6 per cent in value from that of 1928. Of the total tonnage, fruits and vegetables formed about 44 per cent; grain and mill stuffs, 14 per cent; general merchandise and crushed rock, each 7 per cent; and sand and gravel, 6 per cent. There are no ports of call on this river. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925 .....----------- 76, 439 $6, 182, 522 9, 393 1928-- ------- -76, 562 $5, 307, 724 9, 128 1926 ---------- 70, 521 6,106, 412 6,833 1929---------- 76, 695 5,003, 206 2,155 1927 ---------- 83, 835 5, 501, 912 7, 395 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---- -------------------------- $8, 500. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------- 39, 554. 41 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------_-_. 48, 054.41 Net total expenditures------------- ----------------------------- 48, 054. 41 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---------------- 1,205.59 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------- _ 49, 260. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 - - - C ost of new w ork .....--- - -- -- -. -..--.-- - -- -- -- .. I---7-- - . - ...---...-- -- "--- Cost of maintenance----___ --------------- $1, 121. 19 $190. 25 $120. 40 $6, 757. 0 $3, 030.77 Total expended....------------------------ 1, 121. 19 190. 25 112. 34 427. 38 9, 369. 25 Allotted-.------.--_-. .. .---- 1,260. 00 , 00 1,000. 5,800. 00 3, 000. 00 11714--ENG 1930-----113 1792 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------------- $7, 574.84 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930----------------------------- $1, 001. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved February 28, 1929---------------------___ 2, 000. 00 3,000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-------------------------------- 10, 574. 84 Gross amount expended__ ------------ ------- 9,369.25 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---- 205.59 1----------------------, Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 00. 00 7---------------------- 4. SACRAMENTO RIVER, CALIF. Location and description.-This river is formed by numerous streams draining the Trinity and Warner Mountains in northern California, the principal of these being the McCloud, Fall, Pit, and Sacramento proper. From its junction with the Pit the river flows about 320 miles in a southerly direction and empties into Suisun Bay at Collinsville. It has a total drainage area of 27,100 square miles, including the Feather River. Its extreme flood discharge ranges from 278,000 second-feet at Red Bluff, the head of navigation, to nearly 600,000 second-feet at Collinsville. Its ordinary low-water flow ranges from 4,000 second-feet at Red Bluff to 5,000 second-feet at Collinsville. Due to diversions for irrigation between these two points and a succession of three unusually dry years, a low stage of 3,200 second-feet at Red Bluff and practically nothing at Collinsville was reached in August, 1920. The upper end of the tidal reach is a little above Sacramento, 59 miles from the mouth. The fall between the mouth and Sacramento is about 0.1 foot per mile at low water, and average width between banks is from 400 to 1,500 feet. Between Sacramento and Colusa, 145.2 miles from the mouth, the fall at low water is about 0.4 foot per mile, and the average width between banks is from 300 to 600 feet. Between Colusa and Chico Landing, 196.5 miles from the mouth, the fall at low water is about 1.4 feet per mile, and the average width between banks is from 500 to 1,000 feet. Be- tween Chico Landing and Red Bluff, 248.9 miles from the mouth, the fall at low water is 2.4 feet per mile, and the average width between banks is from 500 to 1,000 feet. Between the mouth and Colusa the flow is sluggish. Above Colusa the current gradually becomes swift, reaching 6 miles per hour over rapids near Red Bluff. (See U. S. Geological Survey "Topographic map of the Sacramento Valley, Calif.") Original condition.-From the mouth up to Sacramento there was a controlling depth at mean lower water of 4 feet. River steamers were unable to reach Sacramento at low water without lightening their cargoes. From Sacramento to Colusa the controlling depth was a little over 3 feet. Between Colusa and Red Bluff, nests of snags nearly blocked the river traffic, and the controlling depth at low water was less than 3 feet from Colusa to Chico Landing, and less than 1 foot from Chico Landing to Red Bluff. The head of nav- igation was at Red Bluff. Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--SACRAMENTO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1793 Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1875, and modified by river and harbor acts of August 7, 1882, December 21, 1889, July 13, 1892, and August 18, 1894. The cost and expenditures thereunder prior to commence- inent of operations under the existing project in 1899 were $738,- 918.14, of which $185,198.19 is estimated as for new work and $553,719.95 for maintenance. For further details of previous proj- ects see page 1985, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep at mean lower low water and 150 to 200 feet wide from the mouth of the river to Sacramento, 59 miles; thence 4 feet deep at low water to Colusa, 86.2 miles; thence 3 feet deep at low water to Chico Land- ing, 51.3 miles; and such depths as practicable thence to Red Bluff, 52.4 miles. Below Sacramento the results are to be obtained by means of wing dams at or near shoals, supplemented by dredging. Above Sacramento the results are to be obtained by removal of snags and concentration of the channel by temporary works. The follow- ing table shows the tidal and flood conditions prevailing: Sacramento River Miles Range in feet Place from mouth of Mean Extreme Ordinary Extreme river tidal 1 tidal flood flood Collinsville------------------ ------------------- 0 5.8 7. 0 8. 0 9. 9 Sacramento...-- ----------------------------------................................... 59.0 2 1.5 2. 5 20. 0 30. 0 Vernon------.......---..................--...... .....------------------------------ 79.3 .......... Trace. 20.0 24.0 Colusa........... --------------------------------------- 145. 2 .......----------------.......... 25. 0 32. 0 chico Landing --------------------------------- 196. 5 ----------------........----........---- 20. 0 25. 0 Red Bluff------------------------------------ 248. 9 --------------............------.... 24. 0 29. 0 1 Mean lower low water to mean higher high water. 2Tide at low-water season only. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1927, is $198,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects on the Sacra- mento River below Sacramento. The latest (1930) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $200,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act approved March 3, 1899, provided for a depth of 7 feet below Sacramento (H. Docs. No. 186, 55th Cong., 2d sess., and No. 48, 55th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the work above Sacramento (H. Doc. No. 76, 62d Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of January 21, 1927, provided for the 10-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 123, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest pub- lished maps of the section below Sacramento see House Document No. 1123, Sixtieth Congress, second session; and of the section above Sacramento, House Document No. 76, Sixty-second Congress, first session. Recommnended modifications of project.--In House Document No. 1893, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session, it was recommended that Chico Landing, instead of Red Bluff, be made the head of the improvement. Local cooperation.-None is required by law. The State of Cali- fornia has constructed bank-protection works, wing dams, cut-offs, and removed obstructions. 1794 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY, 1930 The city of Sacramento has built municipal wharves and freight sheds and constructed bank-protection works; and reclamation dis- tricts have dredged much material from the river for levees, to the material aid of navigation. It is estimated that the cost of this work has amounted to approximately $3,050,000, exclusive of that done in connection with the flood-control project. (See report of California Debris Commission.) Terminal facilities.-At Sacramento there are 4,734 linear feet of wharves, of which 1,850 linear feet are owned by the city and 420 linear feet are open to general public use. There were 230,700 square feet of warehouse space, of which 103,700 square feet were owned by the city and 18,480 square feet were open to general public use. Facilities for transferring to railways have been adequately in- creased and coordinated under these plans. On the west bank, oppo- site Sacramento, are two wharves of a total length of 200 feet, with warehouses and a bean-cleaning plant in connection; one wharf 100 feet long, with a warehouse in connection; two rice mills, each with a warehouse in connection; and two other large warehouses. Total length of wharf is 300 linear feet and total warehouse space is 108,560 square feet, all privately owned and used. Between Sacramento and Chico Landing there are no large wharves, but numerous small land- ings. Freight is also handled directly on the bank. From Sacra- mento to Colusa there are 25 warehouses, and from Colusa to Chico Landing 22 warehouses, all on or close to the bank. Between Sacra- mento and the mouth of the river, excluding Rio Vista, are 17 large wharves, about 36 large warehouses, and many small warehouses and landings. At Rio Vista are 1,440 linear feet of wharf with warehouse facilities. All the above facilities, except as noted for Sacramento, are owned and operated by private interests. The facilities are considered adequate for .existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation from the mouth to Chico Landing has been assisted greatly, aiding in the agricultural develop- ment of the Sacramento Valley. It has been stated that the scale of railroad class rates prescribed by.the California Railroad Com- mission in the Sacramento Valley is lower than any corresponding scale ever prescribed by the Interstate Commerce Commission for equal distances; similarly for commodity rates, where water ship- ments can be made. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The river was cleared of obstructions to navigation from its mouth to Sidds Landing, 179.4 miles upstream by removing a total of 3,290 overhanging trees, logs, snags and other obstructions from the banks, channel and bars of the river above Sacramento, at a cost of $23,596.75 for main- tenance, and 88 obstructions below Sacramento, by hired labor and United States equipment, at a cost of $953.49, for maintenance. A total of 108,020 cubic yards of material was removed from the river between Sacramento and Colusa, of which 15,000 cubic yards was removed by hired labor and Government plant, and 93,020 cubic yards by hired drag-line excavators, at a total cost of $16,- 965.66, for maintenance. Hired clamshell dredges removed 853,903 cubic yards of material from the river at and below Sacramento, at RIVERS AND HARBORS-SACRAMENTO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1795 a cost of $90,239.92 for maintenance. Twenty wing dams above Sac- ramento, at a cost of $13,729.70 for maintenance, and 29 below, at a cost of $20,017.81, were repaired by hired labor and Government plant. In prosecuting the work on the new 10-foot channel below Sacra- mento, 135,991 cubic yards of material were excavated by hired clamshell dredges operating under contract, at a cost of $14,030.99 for new work. Hired labor with United States pile driver and other equipment, constructed 880 linear feet of wing dams, of which 475 feet were new and 405 feet reconstructed, at a cost of $15,412.67 for new work. Survey parties ran 28 miles of chained traverse lines and sounded 44 miles of river channel above and below Sacramento, included in the dredging above. A general survey of the river above and below Sacramento was carried on at a cost of $7,944.40, for maintenance. The following allotment from funds pertaining to the Sacramento River for work in the tributaries of that river was made during the fiscal year 1930, under authority of the provisions of section 1 of the river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912: West Cut, $500. No work was done under this allotment during this fiscal year. Total cost of all activities was $202,891.39, of which $29,443.66 was for new work and $173,447.73 for maintenance. Total expenditure was $187,276.71. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The old 7-foot project for work below Sacramento was completed in 1904. The construction of the new 10-foot channel has been commenced, and at the end of the fiscal year was 87 per cent completed. The controlling low-water depths during the fiscal year (August) were as follows: From the mouth of the river to the mouth of Cache slough, 15 feet; from the mouth of Cache slough to Sacramento, 10 feet; from Sacra- mento to Colusa, 23/4 feet; from Colusa to Butte City (26 miles above), 21/2 feet; from Butte City to Sidds Landing (8 miles above), 21/4 feet. There is no regular navigation above Sidds Landing, 179.4 miles above the mouth. No maintenance work has been done above Sidds Landing since 1921. As a result of the year's work existing navigation was successfully maintained without interruption from the mouth to Sacramento, 59 miles. Due to the amounts of water drawn from the upper reaches for irrigation and to the low natural flow during the low-water season, boats were subjected to consider- able delay between Grimes and Colusa (145 miles above the mouth) from July to August, 1929. Navigation was entirely suspended above Colusa to about August 15, 1929; but was maintained to Colusa throughout the year. From February to May, inclusive, usually vessels drawing 12 feet can be taken to Sacramento with a gage reading of 16 feet or over at Sacramento; those drawing 8 feet can be taken to Colusa with a gage reading of 6 feet or over at Colusa; those drawing 5 feet can be taken to Chico Landing with a gage reading of 5 feet or over at Chico Landing; and those drawing 4 feet can be taken to Red Bluff with a gage reading of 5 feet or more at Red Bluff, except where obstructed by snags above Sidds Landing. Wing dlams have been built and maintained at practically all shoals below Sacramento and above Sacramento to the mouth of the Feather River. Dredging has been done as it became necessary to supple- 1796 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 ment the action of wing dams in maintaining project depths. Snags and other obstructions have been removed annually. Total costs have been $2,041,425.67, of which $171,574.28 was for new work and $1,869,851.39 for maintenance. Total expenditures have been $2,077,803.29. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply all funds unex- pended July 1, 1930, as follows: New work : Construction of wing dams for 10-foot channel with Government plant and hired labor------------------------- $10, 000.00 Maintenance : Dredging at and below Sacramento by hired clamshell dredges_ 30,000. 00 Snagging below Sacramento by U. S. snag boat Yuba----------_ 4, 000. 00 Maintenance of wing-dam system at and below Sacramento by United States pile drivers and hired labor---------------- 26, 000. 00 Dredging above Sacramento by hired clamshell dredges ---- - 2, 000. 00 Snagging above Sacramento by U. S. snag boat Yuba ---------- 24, 000. 00 Maintenance of wing-dam system above Sacramento by United States pile drivers and hired labor 5, 000. 00 2----------------------- Outstanding liabilities__ ------------------------------- 51, 340. 40 Total ------------------------------------- 162, 340. 40 Grand total -- ------------------------------------ 172, 340. 40 It is expected that the funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. The additional sum of $130,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, to be applied to maintenance, as follows: Dredging at and below Sacramento by hired clamshell dredges-------_ $40, 000 Snagging below Sacramento by U. S. snag boat Yuba----------------_ 4, 000 Maintenance of wing-dam system at and below Sacramento by United States pile drivers and hired labor_----------------------------35, 000 Dredging above Sacramento by hired clamshell dredges---------------3, 000 Snagging above Sacramento by U. S. snag boat Yuba----------------- 26, 000 Maintenance of wing-dam system above Sacramento by United States pile drivers and hired labor__ ---------------------------------- 22, 000 Total--------- ------------------------------------ 130, 000 The amount that can be profitably used for maintenance is larger than the average expended for that purpose during the preceding five years because a 10-foot channel is now being maintained from the mouth of the river up to Sacramento, instead of the former 7-foot channel. Commercial statistics.-Practicallyall freight is transported over those portions of the river where project depths are maintained. The draft of loaded vessels is seldom over the respective project depths at low water, except for about 15 miles above the mouth. The net commerce for the calendar year 1929, exclusive of the item "Water " (See Annual Report, 1919, p. 1794) showed an increase of 22 per cent in tonnage, and decrease of 5 per cent in value. The tonnage increase was due to increased shipments reported for grain and mill stuffs, and fuel oil; decrease of value is due to a downward revision of commodity unit values for certain vegetable food prod- ucts from the corresponding amounts for 1928. Of the total net tonnage obtained as above, grain and mill stuffs formed about 24 per cent; fuel oil, 17 per cent; general merchandise, 12 per cent; RIVERS AND IHARBORS-SACRAMENTO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1797 fruits and vegetables, 11 per cent; sand and gravel, 9 per cent; refined oils, 8 per cent; sugar beets, 6 per cent; and crushed rock, 3 per cent. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1921 1-.------ - 976, 596 $52,092, 263 102, 807 1926 __,.....---------1, 222, 993 $85, 315, 284 76, 228 1922 2_. .__-_ 1,291, 135 80, 606, 728 93,903 1927 8-------- 1, 209, 870 78, 616, 610 78,201 1923 3 4 1924 5---..1, - ._ 1._ 1, 264,821 796, 105 62, 470, 235 58, 662, 997 94, 226 88, 002 1928 - --- 1929 10____ 991, 528 1, 128, 768 77, 747, 732 74, 088, 210 69, 046 61, 206 1925 ......... 1, 427, 230 80, 500, 145 83, 679 1 Includes 143,000 tons of water, valued at $17,847 and 14,028 tons of Government materials used in improvement of the river, valued at $217,478. 2 Includes 269,667 tons of water, valued at $20,263, and 12,958 tons of Government materials used in improvement of the river, valued at $199,934. 3 Subsequent to 1922 Government materials used in improvement of river are not included. 4 Includes 105,333 tons of water, valued at $10,000. 5 Includes 554,594 tons of water, valued at $45,000 (Government materials, used in improvement of river are not included). 8 Includes 60,450 tons of water, valued at $4,350. 7 Includes 54,296 tons of water, valued at $3,801. 8 Includes 52,118 tons of water, valued at $1,251. 9 Includes 106,080 tons of water, valued at $2,545. 10Includes 49,528 tons of water, valued at $4,160. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ___ ____-- - ___- ---- - $356, 772. 47 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930___________ __ _______ 2, 423, 571. 34 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 _________-_ 2, 780, 343. 81 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------ 87, 611.34 Net total cost to June 30, 1930__----__----------------- 2, 867, 955.15 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930__ ___------- ------- 392.09 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930-------------------- 2, 868, 347.24 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_______---__------------ 51, 625. 81 Net total expenditures_________------------------- 2, 816, 721.43 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 _ 172, 340. 40 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------2, 989, 061.83 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 C ost of new w ork - - . . . . - . .- ..- $34, 464.94 $70, 452. 97 $29, 443. 66 Cost of maintenance__ $124, 276. 60 $98, 663. 00 93, 681.83 115, 988. 81 173, 447. 73 Total cost_ - - 124, 276. 60 98, 663. 00 128, 146.77 186, 441. 78 202, 891. 39 Total expended__--- ------------- _ 124, 276. 60 98, 663.00 109, 730. 23 186, 485. 44 187, 276. 71 Allotted____________---___________ 95, 000. 00 95, 000. 00 210, 000.00 207, 000. 00 147, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ ------ __- ----- ___- $212, 617. 11 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930__-----------------------------------147, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for _____-____------------___ 359, 617. 11 Gross amount expended------ 1-------------------- -187, 276. 71 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 -__ 172, 340. 40 1798 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------- $10, 704.89 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------58, 012. 68 $68, 717. 57 Balance available June 30, 1930___------------------------ 103, 622. 83 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930__ -- ______-__-__--- 392. 09 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930__----------- 104, 014. 92 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 11________- _____________130, 000. 00 5. FEATHER RIVER, CALIF. Location and description.-The Feather River rises in the Sierra Nevada, flows southwesterly about 125 miles, and empties into the Sacramento River about 20 miles by river above the city of Sacra- mento. Its total drainage area is 6,200 square miles, and its extreme flood discharge is nearly 250,000 second-feet and low-water discharge 1,600 second-feet. It has a fall of about 1.15 feet per mile from Marysville to its mouth (28.3 miles by river) and an average width of 400 to 800 feet. In places the current is very swift. (See U. S. Geological Survey sheet " Topographic Map of the Sacramento Valley, Calif.") Original condition.-The river was much obstructed by deposits of mining debris and snags. Navigation was carried on during high water, but was impracticable during the low-water stage, which may be expected during August and September. Controlling depth from January to June was 2.5 feet; the head of navigation was at Marys- ville, 28.3 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-Prior to the project adopted by the river and harbor act approved July 27, 1916, there was no previous separate project for the improvement of the Feather River. Under the title of improving the "Sacramento and Feather Rivers" funds have been appropriated for many years, but in ac- cordance with the views as expresed on pages 3171 et seq., part 4 of the Annual Report for 1899 "that no permanent improvement at reasonable or justifiable cost can be carried out * * * until the flow of sand and other mining detritus from the Yuba and Bear Rivers is stopped," work of improving the Feather River was held in abeyance. A little work of temporary improvement was done previous to 1899. In the absence of any expression from Congress as to the scope of the project, the Chief of Engineers approved a project for the expenditure of the funds providing for a depth at low-water stage of 2.5 feet, and such varying width as is practicable and needed, by the removal of snags, overhanging trees, and similar obstructions, the building of temporary wing dams, and occasional dredging, from its mouth at Vernon up to Marysville, 28.3 miles. The project adopted by the river and harbor act approved July 27, 1916, was without previously published report, and contemplated the expenditure of $20,000, one-half of which was to be furnished by local interests. The cost and expenditures on previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project were $6,169.46, of which Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SACRAMENTO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1799 $6,159.90 was from contributed funds and $9.56 from United States funds. EEisting project.-This provides for improvement of the river from its mouth to Marysville by providing for a channel of such depths as may be practicable at an average annual cost not in excess of $10,000, and that no local cooperation be required in addition to the contribution already made by local interests in accordance with the requirement in the act of Congress of July 27, 1916. Ordinary flood fluctuation is 20 feet, and extreme flood fluctua- tion is about 25 feet. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927. (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 1, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) (For latest published map see U. S. Geological Survey " Topographic Map of the Sacramento Valley, Calif.") Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved July 27, 1916, appropriated $10,000 for this river, subject to the condition that local interests should contribute a like sum toward the improve- ment. This condition has been met, $5,000 of the amount coming from the State of California and $2,500 each from Sutter and Yuba Counties. Considerable work has been done by local interests in construction of training walls, restraining barriers, and in snagging and bank-protection work; and freight sheds and terminal facilities have been provided at Marysville. It is estimated that about $1,000,000 has been so expended. Terminal facilities.-There are several small landings, all being privately owned. All other traffic is handled directly on the bank. These facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-No definite results can be stated, except that under the previous projects or activities the removal of snags from the channel and overhanging trees from banks has undoubtedly improved conditions of navigation; and the city of Marysville enjoys terminal railroad rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.--No work was done on this project during the fiscal year. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-This project is one of main- tenance; therefore the percentage of completion is indeterminate. The controlling depth from the mouth at Vernon up to Marysville is usually 3 feet from about February 15 to June 15. Under the previous project the channel and banks have been cleared of the worst obstructions and any possible navigation thereby facilitated. The work remaining to be done is the removal of obstructions and construction of wing dams as needed. The cost of all work under this project has been $2,612.22 for maintenance, of which $495.25 was from United States funds and $2,116.97 from contributed funds. Total expenditures have been $2,612.22 of which $495.25 was from United States funds and $2,116.97 from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply to maintenance all the funds unexpended July 1, 1930, as follows: Removal of obstructions from channel and banks by snagging, wing dam, and dredging work as and when needed to maintain seasonal navigation, by contract or by hired labor, as may prove the more economical __-_______________ .____________ $3,723.13 1800 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY, 1930 It is expected that the funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1931. The additional sum of $1,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 for maintenance, as follows: Removal of obstructions from channel and banks by snagging, wing dam, and dredging work as and when needed to maintain seasonal navigation, by contract or hired labor, as may prove the more economical----------------------------------------------$1, 500. 00 The amount that can be profitably used for maintenance is larger than the average expended for that purpose during the preceding five years because no large amount of work has been done on this river since 1918, and it is desired to remove large accumulations of snags and silt, to stimulate seasonal navigation. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for 1929 included only construction outfits, with materials and supplies. There are no ports of call on this river. COmparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1925 1 - - -- 1928 ---- 150 $3,750 1926 1--- _ -- __ - - - - - 1929- -$700-- -- 128 10,845 1927__--- -- -- -- -- -- - 100 $700 1No freight trafficreported for this year. No passenger traffic has ever been reported for this stream. Cost and financial summary UNITED STATES FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1930___________________ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__--------------------------- -----$504.--- 81 Net total expenditures__----------------------_ 504. 81 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------__-----___ 2, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------ _____-_ 2, 504. 81 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ....... -------- .- Cost of maintenance _ _..... $495. 25. . -- ----- ---------- -- - - - - - - ------ -- Total expended.. - 495.25 - - -- A llotted ............................... $2, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------------ $2. 000. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------------------- 2, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance ---------------------------------------- 1, 500. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SACRAMENTO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 .__. __... -- _____ ____ $8, 276. 87 Net total expenditures__-------------------------_ 8, 276. 87 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 __..---- ______________________ 1, 723. 13 Total amount contributed to June 30, 1930 _________----- 10, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---------------..-------------- Cost of maintenance___________-------- _-_________- ------ $654.15 $1, 477.56 -$8. 87 Total expended-------------------------------------------- 653. 15 1,463.82 - Contributed ..------------------------------------------------------------ - - ---- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__----------------------- $1, 723. 13 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------------- 1, 723. 13 OONSOLIDATED COST AND FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR FEATHER RIVER, CALIF. Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 781. 68 $--------------- Net total expenditures-------------------------------------------8, 781. 68 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------------- 3, 723. 13 Total amount appropriated and contributed to June 30, 1930___ 12, 504. 81 Fiscal year ending June 30 ' 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------------------ Cost of maintenance_ _______ __ ____________ _ $1, 149. 40 $1, 477. 56 -$8. 87 Total expended__------------------------------------------- 1, 148. 40 1,463. 82 Allotted and contributed ------------------..------------------------------------ 2,000.00 Ba ee unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------___ $1, 723.13 Amount alloted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-----------------------------_ 2, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_----------------------------_ 3, 723, 13 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------------- 3, 723. 13 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 1, 500. 00 6. MIDDLE RIVER AND EMPIRE CUT, CALIF. Location and description.--Middle River is a connecting slough of the delta region of the San Joaquin River. It is about 29 miles long, and its downstream mouth connects with the San Joaquin River 17 miles below the city of Stockton. Empire cut is an artificial waterway about 3 miles long, providing with Whiskey slough and Turner cut a connecting waterway between Middle River and the San Joaquin River. Empire cut joins Middle River in the vicinity of the Henning tract and Mildred Island, and Turner cut connects with the San Joaquin River about 9 miles below the city of Stock- ton. Both waterways are under tidal influence. (See U. S. Geological SExclusive of available funds. 180 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Survey, California quadrangles Bouldin, Woodward Island, Holt, Union Island, Stockton, and Lathrop.) Original oondition.-Neither Middle River nor Empire cut have been under improvement by the United States. The section of Middle River between Empire cut and the Sacramento River has a minimum width of 350 feet and depths between 15 and 40 feet. Empire cut has surface widths of about 300 feet and a minimum depth of 17 feet, except at its junction with Middle River where a shoal with least depth of 6 feet exists. About 2,500 feet easterly of this shoal the channel is narrowed by shoals extending out from the southerly side of the cut. Previous project.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 9 feet deep at mean lower low water and 100 feet wide through the shoal at the junction of Empire cut and Middle River, Calif. The length of the section requiring dredging is about 500 feet. The mean range of tide in Middle River and Empire cut is about 3 feet during seasons of extreme low water. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1928 is $3,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $800. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 481, 70th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the above document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no .terminal facilities on these waterways, other than bank landings along the channels. No termi- nal facilities are required as the waterways are mainly used for auxiliary through passages in the main net work of delta waterways. Effect of improvement.-No work having been done under this project, no effect of improvement can be reported. It is anticipated that the movement of farm products from about 60,000 acres will be greatly facilitated when improvement is effected. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Same as Original condition. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available. The relative importance of the project in the interests of commerce and naviga- tion entails the postponement of new work on the project during 1932. Commercial statistics.-This is a new project and no commercial statistics are available at this time. The project document states that about 102,800 tons of freight valued at about $5,363,000 moves annually over Empire cut and that most of this commerce also passes over Middle River. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930________________________________ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__________----------- Total: amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_________________--------- Amount, (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project__------------------------_ --------------- $3, 000 7. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and RIVERS AND HARBORS-SACRAMENTO, CALIF., DISTRICT 1803 harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor- line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $7,602.61; the expenditures were $7,243.17. The balance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $6,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ---------- 1 1---$13, 399. 08. Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930---------------------------- 458. 71 --- Net total expenditures__________----______--- __ 12, 940.37 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------------ 4, 059. 63 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_______________ 17, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-. Cost of maintenance------------------------------------------------ $5, 796. 47 $7, 602. 61 Total expended .------ -------- ------------ ------------ ------------ 5, 697.20 7,243.17 Allotted.....-- ........ .. ---------------------------------------------- $1,200.00 11,800.00 4,00.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 _______________________ ___ $7, 302. 80 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------------- 4, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for------------------------------11, 302. 80 Gross amount expended ________________________________ 7, 243. 17 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ---------------- 4, 059. 63 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------------- 360. 34 Balance available June 30, 1930---------------------------3, 699. 29 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1__________________________________ 6, 000. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JULY 3, 1930 The local engineer was charged with the duty of making prelim- inary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Latham slough and Middle River, Calif. 2. Middle River, Calif., from the Santa Fe Railroad at Middle River to Latham slough; Latham slough, from Empire cut to Mid- dle River; Turner cut, from San Joaquin River to Whiskey slough; 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1804 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 and Whiskey slou~gh, from Twmet cut to Empire cut, so as to pro- vide a depth of 9 feet and a width of 100 feet, and to clear at least 50 feet on both sides of the channel of all sunken vessels, debris, and shoals which might in any way endanger navigation on these streams. 3. Mormon Channel section of the San Joaquin River and Stockton Channel project, Calif. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT The district includes the entire State of Oregon, the southern part of the State of Washington, the waters of which are tributary to the Columbia River below the Snake, and the Snake River Basin in Washington, Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, and Nevada. District engineer and division engineer: Col. G. R. Lukesh, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Coquille River, Oreg- ______ 1804 16. Operating and care of Cas- 2. Coos Bay, Oreg- ____-- -- 1810 cades Canal, Columbia 3. Coos River, Oreg-- 1818 River, Oreg- 1870 4. Umpqua River, Oreg ------- 1821 17. The Dalles-Celilo C a n a 1, 5. Siuslaw River, Oreg ___--- - 1826 Oreg. and Wash ....... 1873 6. Yaquina River, Oreg ------ 1830 18. Operating and care of The 7. Yaquina Bay and Harbor, Dalles-Celilo Canal___.. 1876 Oreg ---------------- 1834 19. Columbia River and tribu- 8. Tillamook Bay and Bar, taries above Celilo Falls Oreg ------------------- 1838 to the mouth of Snake 9. Columbia River at mouth, River, Oreg. and Wash___ 1877 Oreg. and Wash _______ 1844 20. Snake River, Oreg., Wash., 10. Skipanon Channel, Oreg____ 1847 and Idaho ______ 1880 11. Columbia and Lower Wil- 21. Lake River, Wash ... ___ 1885 lamette Rivers, below Van- 22. Lewis River, Wash________ 1886 couver, Wash., and Port- 23. Cowlitz River, Wash_______ 1889 land, Oreg_____________ 1849 24. Skamokawa (steam b o a t ) 12. Clatskanie River, Oreg ___- 1856 Slough, Wash 1892 13. Willamette River above Port- 25. Skamokawa Creek, Wash__ 1893 land and Yamhill River, 26. Grays River, Wash ____ 1895 Oreg------------------ 1859 27. Deep River, Wash_____ ___ 1897 14. Operating and care of canal 28. Examinations, surveys, and and locks at Willamette contingencies (general) --- 1900 Falls, Oreg __________ 1865 15. Operating and care of lock and dam in Yamhill River, Oreg_------------------ 1868 1. COQUILLE RIVER, OREG. Location and description.-The Coquille River rises in the Coast Range, flows in a general westerly direction for about 100 miles, and empties into the Pacific Ocean at Bandon, Oreg., about 225 miles south of the mouth of the Columbia River and 420 miles north of San Francisco Bay, Calif. It has a drainage area of about 1,050 square miles. The low-water discharge is approximately 300 second- feet. The high-water discharge is unknown. From the mouth to the fork, 36 miles, the widths between banks vary from 800 feet near the mouth to 150 feet at the fork. The tidal reach extends about 2 miles up the North and South Forks, or 38 miles from the entrance. Above the tidal reach the tributaries RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1805 are narrow, swift-running mountain streams. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 5802.) Original condition.-The channel mouth was shifting, studded with dangerous rocks, and available for small coasting vessels only, the depth on the bar being usually about 3 feet at mean lower low water. Inside the entrance the channel width varied from about 400 feet near the mouth to 50 feet at the fork, with a controlling low- water depth of 5 feet to Coquille, 25 miles above the mouth, and 1 foot to Myrtle Point, the head of navigation, 37 miles above the mouth. Logging was carried on extensively on the headwaters for distances of 30, 27, and 18 miles above the mouth of the North Fork on the North, South, and Middle Forks, respectively. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, and modified by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. The cost and expenditures thereon prior to the commencement of work in 1910 under the existing project amounted to $382,192.75, of which $302,841.68 was for jetty construction, $6,883.90 for snagging the river, and $31,000 for im- provement of the channel from Coquille City to Myrtle Point, a total of $340,725.58 for new work and $41,467.17 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1986 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for two rubblestone high-tide jetties at the mouth, the south jetty being 2,700 feet long and the north one 3,450 feet, for a channel 16 feet deep at mean lower low water between the sea and the eastern end of the north jetty. The project provides that local interests shall assume the expense of providing and maintaining an adequate channel in the river above the eastern end of the north jetty. The plane of reference is mean lower low water. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges at the mouth of the river are 6 and about 10 feet, respec- tively. At the head of navigation, Myrtle Point (37 miles from the mouth), there is a tidal range of about 1 foot and maximum freshet stages of about 20 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1930, is $275,600, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1930) estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000 for dredg- ing. No provision for maintenance of jetties has been made under the existing project. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the jetties (S. Ex. Doc. No. 14, 45th Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1879, p. 1806); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for channels of varying dimensions above Bandon (H. Doc. No. 673, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 2, 1919, provided for a 13-foot channel from the ocean to Bandon (H. Doc. No. 207, 65th Cong., 1st sess.); and the. act of July 3, 1930, provided for deepening the channel between the sea and the eastern end of the north jetty (H. Doc. No. 186, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map of the entrance is found in the last-mentioned document, and that of the river in House Docu- ment No. 70, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. 1806 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, adopted the project for deepening the channel between the entrance and Bandon on condition that the local interests contribute 50 per cent of the first cost of this project. This condition was fulfilled, and funds amounting to $64,000 made available for expenditure. No conditions regarding the other features of the existing project have been imposed by law, but the ports of Bandon and Coquille River have expended $43,842.20 for dredging the channels to Coquille, $36,054.89 for dredging and snagging between Coquille and Myrtle Point, $500 for repairs, and $47,585.23 for the construction of a' rubblestone jetty or training wall, about 2,000 feet in length, from the west end of the Bandon wharves, paralleling the north jetty, about 700 feet distant, to a connection with the old south jetty at a point about 1,300 feet from its outer end. The act of July 3, 1930, adopted the project for deepening the entrance channel to 16 feet from the sea to the eastern end of the north jetty, subject to the provision that local interests shall assume the entire expense of providing and maintaining an adequate channel in the river above the eastern end of the north jetty. Terminal falcilities.-At Bandon, a town of 2,000, there are four wharves, with a total frontage of about 1,420 feet, all privately owned but open to all on equal terms. There are no mechanical devices for handling freight. Between Bandon and Coquille (25 miles) there are several small privately owned wharves. At Coquille (a town of 1,500) the city owns 527 feet of water front and maintains 236 feet of municipal wharves, open to all on equal terms. There are also sev- eral privately owned wharves in this vicinity. The Southern Pacific Railroad has a branch which passes through Coquille, close to the shore ends of the wharves, but there is no physical connection between the railroad and the river. There are no railroads below Coquille on the river. The existing terminals are adequate for the present com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Transportation by water has been ren- dered safer and better and has permitted the use of larger seagoing craft. Boats drawing 14 feet now safely cross the ocean bar at high tide. There has also been a considerable increase in commerce since the beginning of the improvement. Operations and results during 7fscal year.-Annual maintenance dredging of the channel below Bandon began in May, 1930, and was in progress at the end of the year. The work was done by U. S. hopper dredge No. 11. During the fiscal year the dredge removed 8,850 cubic yards of sand and gravel from the channel between the jetties and dumped the material outside of the ocean bar. The cost was $4,220.57, or $0.477 per cubic yard. In addition, 40 cords of drift were removed from the channel at a cost of $552.30, or $13.81 per cord and a survey of the entrance was made at a cost of $1,044.92. The total cost for the year for maintenance of project channel below Bandon was $5,817.79. The total expenditure for the year was $773.34. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 60 per cent completed. The jetties were completed in 1907, and the entrance channel was dredged to 12 and 13 feet in November, 1925. No work has been done on the modification of the existing project RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1807 adopted by the 1930 river and harbor act. The outer 300 feet of the north jetty and the outer 200 feet of the south jetty enrock- ments have subsided below the ordinary low-water level. The crest of the remaining portions of the enrockments is above low water. A survey of the entrance finished in May, 1930, shows a controlling depth of 12 feet in a channel 500 feet wide across the ocean bar straight out to sea. The controlling depth from the ocean bar to Bandon was 101/2 feet in a channel about 200 feet wide. The river channel above Bandon was restored to project depth of 10 feet in August, 1924. Soundings taken on Bandon shoal in 1929 show a 'controlling depth of 8 feet to Prosper, 5 miles above the entrance. No surveys have been made above Bandon shoal for a number of years, but it is reported that the channel has shoaled to 61/2 feet from Prosper to Coquille, 25 miles above the entrance. It is also reported that there is a controlling depth of about 3 feet in a channel 50 feet wide between Coquille and Myrtle Point. The channel depths above Bandon are sufficient for the needs of navigation until the mills above Bandon resume operations. The total cost was as follows: United States Contributed funds funds Total New work-----..............................------------------------------------ $175,625.96 $72, 891.20 $248, 517. 16 Maintenance.... -------------------------------------- 103, 861.42 --------- . 103, 861.42 Total-------------------------------- ------------------ 279, 487.38 72, 891.20 352, 378. 58 The total expenditures were $285,881.06. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended July 1, 1930, to the maintenance of the entrance channel from the ocean to Bandon, using Government plant, as follows: Operation of U. S. hopper dredge No. 11, 2 months, at $2,000 per month---------------- ------------------- $4,000.00 Operation of grapple dredge 1 month, at $4,000 per month, blasting out dangerous rocks---------------------------------- --- 4, 000. 00 Repairs to north jetty enrockment-------------------------------3, 200. 00 Snagging between Bandon and Myrtle Point----------------------- 500. 00 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------------------------- 1, 600. 00 -------------------------------------------------- Contingencies___ 1, 318. 89 Total--------------------- ---------------------- 14, 618. 89 The funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during fiscal year 1932, will, pending the allotment of funds for work on the existing 16-foot project, be applied to maintenance of the previous 13-foot project depth between the sea and Bandon, as follows: Maintenance : Operation of hopper dredge 21/4 months, at $2,000 per month------- $4, 500 Care of and repairs to hopper dredge---------------------------1, 500 Snagging between Bandon and Myrtle Point---------------------- 500 Contingencies-------------------------------- ------------------ 1, 500 Total 8, 000 8--------------------- 11714---ENG 1930-- 114 1808 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 193 6 The increase in the amount required for maintenance for 1932 over the average expenditures for the past five years is due to the necessity of maintaining the project channel below Bandon, com- pleted in 1925. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project, as modified by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. Commercial statistics.-Commerce over the bar during the calen- dar year 1929 amounted to 52,000 tons, valued at $1,597,139. Wood products, to the amount of 43,312 tons, constituted about 95 per cent of the outbound cargoes. The inbound freight totaled 6,135 tons, and consisted principally of hay, mill feed, logs, petroleum products, and merchandise. All of the commerce passed over the section under improvement and required the full project depth for its accommodation. The usual limit of draft of loaded vessels passing over the bar is about 14 feet. Comparative statement BAR ONLY Freight Freight Year Passengers Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925--------.......... 51, 294 $2, 327, 947 36 1928_. ...... 50, 846 $1, 473, 881 0 1926___.......... 43, 466 1, 410, 382 0 1929...__________ 52, 000 1,597,139 0 1927.... --.....51,535 1 236,604 0 The internal traffic 'on the river during the calendar year 1929 amounted to 411,408 tons, valued at $3,329,642. The traffic was handled by five boat lines, one of which operated regularly in the freight and passenger trade. One freight and passenger line which plied regularly on the river during the year 1928 was suspended at the end of that year without, however, any noticeable effect on the volume of traffic handled on the river thereafter. The usual limit of draft of inland vessels operating on the river is less than 4 feet. Comparative statement BANDON TO MYRTLE POINT Freight 1 Floated and rafted logs and piling Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925...._______-__________ ______________ 13, 817 $552, 363 4, 821 251, 911 $2, 231, 466 1926-------- - --....-------- - __-______ 5, 704 1, 027, 545 17, 917 154, 733 1, 237, 864 1927....---------------------------------- 3, 335 678, 147 14, 836 141, 426 989, 982 1928 ........................- 9, 557 1, 209, 314 12, 941 307, 840 1, 627, 491 1929 ....-------------------------- 11, 698 1, 131, 237 24, 136 399, 710 2, 198, 405 1Exclusive of floated and rafted logs and piling. The traffic on the river, which shows a slight general increase over the volume moved during 1928, consisted mainly of logs, with small RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1809 additional tonnages in lumber, petroleum products, farm products, etc. About 50 per cent of the logs were delivered at Coquille, and Cedar Point for shipment by rail to other points; the balance were towed to the mill at Bandon for consumption there. The movement of farm products was downstream to Bandon; the movement of other general freight was mainly upstream. A description of the movement of this traffic by section, follows: Coquille River Sections Commodities Bandon to Coquille Coquille to Myrtle Point Tons Value Tons Value Logs and piling------------ -- -------- 259, 068 $1,424, 874 154,988 $852, 434 Other freight-------------------------------------11, 698 1,131, 237 1------------988 ,852,434 ..... Total..------..-.- ....---------------------- 270, 766 2, 556, 111 154, 988 852, 434 NOTE.-About 14,000 tons of the above logs were floated from points within the section " Coquille to Myrtle Point," to Cedar Point, located a short distance below Coquille. This tonnage and its value is included in the traffic of each of the above sections of the river. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-- ------------------------ $516, 351. 54 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930___________________________ 145, 328. 59 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ___________ - 661, 680. 13 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930-------------__ 7,977. 38 Net total cost to June 30, 1930__________________________ 669, 657. 51 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930- __1_________-- _____-- -- 1, 583. 70 Net total expenditures-------------------------------- 668, 073. 81 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------__ 14, 618. 89 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------------682, 692. 70 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---------------------- $5, 049.09 $78.70 ------------..--....----------..---------...-- Cost of maintenance----------- .. -------- 11, 437. 33 7, 327. 69 $10, 943.59 $7, 557.40 $5, 817.79 Total cost ........------.....-----------------..... 16, 486. 42 7, 406. 39 10, 943.59 7, 557. 40 5, 817. 79 Total expended..-----------.. . .----------- 16,486.42 7,406.39 10,943.59 12, 736.52 773.34 Allotted..------------- ---------------- 8, 000. 00 24, 000. 00 ------------ 5, 000. 00 8, 400. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 $6, 992.23 _-__--________---------------- Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---___------__--------------------- $8,400.00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930__ 7, 500. 00 15, 900. 00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------- 22, 892. 23 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment------------- ------ 7, 500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for--.---- -------- 15, 392. 23 SDoes not include $72,891.20 contributed funds. 1810 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Gross amount expended_____________________________ $773.34 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_________--- ______14, 618.89 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930__ ______ __-______ 4, 400. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930________________________ 10; 218. 89 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1___________ _______ - 100, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance --------------------------------- 8, 000. 00 2. COOS BAY, OREG. Location and description.-Coos Bay is an indentation in the Pacific coast, in Oregon, about 200 miles south of the mouth of Columbia River and 445 miles north of San Francisco Bay, Calif. It is about 13 miles in length by 1 mile wide, with a tidal area of about 15 square miles, which includes about 1,000 acres of anchorage with a depth of not less than 18 feet at mean lower low-water. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 5802.) Original condition.-The channel across the bar was about 200 feet wide, with a depth of 10 feet. It followed the north spit in a tortuous course, but was used by small coasting vessels. The bay ship channel to Marshfield, 13 miles from the bar, was obstructed by shoals, had a minimum width of about 200 feet to North Bend, and a controlling depth of about 11 feet. Above North Bend the channel narrowed gradually toward Marshfield, where it was only about 50 feet wide, with a depth of 6 feet. Previous projects.-These were adopted by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1879, September 19, 1890, and August 18, 1894. The cost and expenditures thereunder, prior to the adoption of the exist- ing project in 1910, were $980,897.27, of which $802,096.44 was for new work and $178,800.83 for maintenance. (For further details of previous projects see page 1987 of Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.--This provides for two rubble-stone high-tide jetties at the entrance; dredging on the bar; a channel between the bar and Millington, on Isthmus Slough (17 miles), 24 feet deep through Pigeon Point Reef and 22 feet elsewhere, 300 feet wide in front of Marshfield, North Bend, and through the rocky reef near Pigeon Point and generally 200 feet elsewhere to Smith's mill (15 miles) and 150 feet wide above Smith's mill to Millington. The plane of reference is mean lower low water. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges at the entrance are 6.4 feet and about 11 feet, respectively, and at Marshfield 6 and 10 feet, respectively. The estimate of cost of new work revised in 1930 is 3,981,600, ex- clusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $165,000, not including possible repairs to the jetties after a number of years. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for two jetties (Annual Report for 1890, p. 2936); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1811 dredging of the ocean bar without further jetty construction (H. Doc. No. 958, 60th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 2, 1919, pro- vided for the 22-foot channel to Smith's mill (H. Doc. No. 325, 65th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 150, 67th Cong., 2d sess.), provided for the restoration of the north jetty, 9,600 feet long, construction of a south jetty about 3,900 feet long, and the extension of the 22-foot bay channel from Smith's mill to Millington; the act of January 21, 1927, authorized the extension of the jetties to such lengths as may be practicable within the estimate of total cost of the jetties, $3,250,000, as given in that document; and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for a channel 24 feet deep and 300 feet wide through Pigeon Point Reef, following a location along the westerly side of the bay (H. Doc. No. 110, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recomtmended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No requirements for local cooperation have been imposed by law, but local interests in 1909 contributed $21,270.41 for operating the dredge Oregon when no Government funds were available. The river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, directed the Secretary of War to use any additional money which might be placed at his disposal by the port of Coos Bay or any other organization or by individuals for the improvement of the inner harbor, and in 1914 local interests contributed $11,100 for the operation of the dredges Michie and Oregon when no United States funds were available. During the fiscal year 1914 the port of Coos Bay raised $600,000 by the sale of bonds for the purpose of dredging a channel 300 feet wide and 25 feet deep at mean lower low water from a point above Marshfield to deep water in the lower bay, a distance of 13 miles, with turning basin 500 feet wide opposite Marshfield and North Bend. This work was finished in April, 1915, as far down as the Pigeon Point Reef, and in addition certain contiguous inlets have been deepened by dredging. The total cost for dredging was $597,000. In addition the port has expended approximately $100,000 for dredging plant and equipment and $34,000 for dredging inlet chan- nels. The total expenditures by the port for harbor improvement are $763,370.41. Terminal facilities.-At North Bend, 11 miles from the entrance, there is a municipal wharf 384 feet long, fronting on the channel, which is here about 500 feet wide, and the depth of water off this frontage is 27 feet. The wharf has a 2-story warehouse, 50 by 144 feet, equipped with an electric elevator, which is owned by the Simpson Lumber Co. There is no railroad connection with this dock, although the railroad is so close that physical connection could easily be made. The wharf is under control of the city of North Bend and subject to such tolls as the council may direct. All boats use the wharf on equal terms and no dockage or wharfage is charged. The warehouse charge is 20 cents per ton, with 5 cents as a minimum charge. In addition to the above-mentioned wharf there are about 1,400 feet of privately owned mill wharves, for the sole use of their owners, without mechanical appliances or railway connections. 1812 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 At Marshfield, 12 miles from the entrance, there is a broken line of privately owned wharves about 4,500 feet in length, without rail- way connections. About one-half mile above them the Southern Pacific maintains a wharf which has 510 feet of frontage and rail- way connections. At Marshfield the only public wharf has a frontage of about 1,006 feet on the harbor line, but is capable of extension within the limits on the ground now owned by the port of Coos Bay to a front- age of 2,670 feet. The depth of water off this frontage is 26 feet at the north end, increasing to 30 feet at the south end. The wharf is connected with the railroad, having a track space for 70 cars on wharf and spurs, and is equipped with a locomotive crane of 20 tons capacity for handling freight. Wharfage charges are about 30 cents per thousand feet, board measure, for lumber, and generally 40 cents per short ton for other freight. At East Marshfield, a small settlement across the bay, there is a public wharf with 100 feet frontage, and a privately owned wharf with 60 feet frontage. Both of these wharves are free and open to all. About 1 mile above Marshfield there is a private wharf about 1,000 feet in length, which is equipped with modern electrically operated machinery for loading lumber on vessels, and which is not open to general public use. It is believed that the existing terminals are adequate for the needs of the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facili- ties see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has rendered transpor- tation by water safer and less costly and has greatly increased the water-borne commerce of the port by permitting vessels of greater draft to enter the harbor. The limit of draft of vessels was 10 feet before improvement, and vessels drawing 22 feet now safely enter the harbor. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Work on the north and south jetties at the entrance to Coos Bay, which was in progress at the beginning of the year, was suspended in November, 1929, on account of ocean storms. Active work was resumed in April, 1930; and was in progress at the end of the year. South jetty: The new work on the south jetty was completed in November, 1928. During the year maintenance work was in progress and consisted of repairing the tramway, placing maintenance stone in the enrock- ment, and the placing of the concrete and rubble-stone capping. During the year 30,331 tons were delivered by the contractor for jetty stone and were used for subfoundation and rubble-concrete capping. Active work of placing jetty cap began in May, 1930, and to the end of the year 220 linear feet of cap had been constructed and 240 feet additional cap partially constructed. The quantities of concrete used in the capping for the year amounted to 1,971 cubic yards. The work was done by hired labor and purchase of materials. The concrete rubble-stone cap begins at bent 500 (3,712 feet from west portal of tunnel) and extends seaward. The cost of the work on south jetty for the year was $163,684.94, all for maintenance. North jetty: The new work on the north jetty, which was in progress at the beginning of the year, was completed in November, RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1813 1929. From the beginning of the year to the completion of the new work on the jetty, 136,621 tons of stone were delivered by the con- tractor and placed in the enrockment by hired labor. A total of 690,212.35 tons of stone was received and placed in the jetty enrock- ment since beginning operations in 1924. This quantity is in addition to the stone placed in the enrockment of the old jetty completed in 1900, and of this quantity 379,516 tons was used for the restoration of the old enrockment, 273,072 tons in its extension seaward a distance of 768 feet, and 26,928 tons for maintenance of completed enrock- ment. As completed in November, 1929, the sea toe of ocean slope of the enrockment was 8,320 feet westerly from the receiving wharf on the bay, and the crest of the sea end of the enrockment about 100 feet inshore from the sea toe of the ocean slope. In addition to the above quantities, 10,696 tons of stone were placed in groins No. 1 and No. 2. Maintenance work began in April, 1930, and consisted of repairs to tramways and plant, and preparations for placing the concrete cap, which begins at bent 480 (7,680 feet from receiving wharf) and extends seaward. Actual placing of concrete in the cap began on June 24, 1930, and by the end of the year 187 cubic yards of concrete had been placed. Delivery of jetty stone, which was suspended in November, 1929, was resumed in April, 1930, and was in progress at end of the year. During the year 163,548 tons of stone were delivered by the con- tractor and placed by hired labor. Of this, 136,620 tons were used for new work and 26,928 tons for maintenance of enrockment. The cost of north jetty for the year was $316,268.13, of which $248,747.30 was for new work and $67,520.83 for maintenance. Stone contract: Deliveries of stone under contract in force began in March, 1928, and during the year 216,428.09 tons were delivered, making a total of 587,033.89 tons delivered to the end of the fiscal year under the contract. A new contract has been entered into with the same contractors for an additional 60,000 tons of stone, but work under the new contract will not begin until the middle of July, 1930. The stone is delivered f.o.b. barges at contractor's quarry on Coos River and all transporting and placing of stone on the jetty enrock- ments is done by the Government. Maintenance bar channel.-The maintenance of the ocean bar chan- nel was in progress during part of the year by the U. S. dredge Col. P. S. Michie. When weather conditions were not favorable for bar dredging, the Michie worked in the bay channels. During the year the Michie removed 351,510 cubic yards of sand from the bar channel at a cost of $44,460.08, or $0.13 per cubic yard. The Michie worked several months during the summer on Yaquina Bay bar and on Tillamook bar, when conditions were favorable at those places. Maintenance Coos Bay Channel.-While at Coos Bay and when bar conditions were not favorable for dredging, the Michie worked in the bay channel. During the year the Michie removed 149,907 cubic yards from the shoals in the 22-foot bay channel, at and below the railroad bridge, at a cost of $12,301.03,. or $0.082 per cubic yard. Above the railroad bridge the maintenance of the 2.2-foot bay chan- nel was done by the port of Coos Bay's 15-inch suction dredge. During the year the port dredge worked about three months and 1814 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 removed 231,166 cubic yards of sand and mud from the channel in front of Marshfield at a cost of $20,990.47, or $0.09 per cubic yard. The total cost for the year for maintenance of the 22-foot channel including surveys of the bay channel, etc., was $33,512.94. The total cost of all work for the year under the existing project for Coos Bay was $557,704.65, of which $248,747.30 was for new work and $308,957.35 for maintenance. The total expenditures for the year were $561,253.45. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 98 per cent complete. The south jetty was completed in 1928, its length being 4,576 feet, and the north jetty in 1929, its length being 7,616 feet. No work has been done on the deepening of the channel to 24 feet through Pigeon Point Reef as authorized by the act of July 3, 1930. No new work, except some snagging, has yet been done between Smith's mill and Millington, as navigation has not needed greater depths than were available. A request has been made for increased depth to accommodate the deeper draft vessels now using the chan- nel above Marshfield, and it is proposed to dredge the channel to project depth as soon as dumping grounds for dredgings can be procured. Near the close of the dredging season, November 20, 1929, there was a depth of 27 feet in the range channel over the bar. During the winter months the bar channel shoaled to 24 feet. The con- trolling depth on the ocean bar in March, 1930, when the Michie resumed operations, was 25 feet on the ocean bar and 24 feet between the jetties. By the end of the fiscal year the Michie had increased the depth on the ocean bar to 29 feet, and a controlling depth of 25 feet on the ranges between the jetties. The controlling depth be- tween the entrance and the head of the bay is 20 feet on Pigeon Point Shoal. Above this shoal the controlling depth is not less than 21 feet to Smith's mill. The total cost of all work under the existing project is as follows: United States Contributed Total funds funds New work ...--------------------------------------- $3, 796, 587. 63 ------------- $3, 796, 587. 63 Maintenance_ .- - __-------- ______ ----------- ___-___ -- __ i1, 707, 945. 61 $11, 100. 00 1, 719, 045. 61 Total------------------------....---.......------------5, 504, 533.24 11, 100.00 5, 515, 633.24 The total expenditures under the existing project were $5,947,- 146.12, of which $5,936,046.12 were United States funds and $11,100 contributed funds. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended July 1, 1930, to the maintenance of the jetties at the entrance to the bay, the maintenance of the ocean bar, and the maintenance of bay channels, as follows: Maintenance : North jetty- 50,000 tons stone, at $2 per ton, in place________------- $100,000. 00 300 linear feet new tramway, at $20-________---------- 6, 000:.00 Repairs and maintenance of tramways and plant--------- 10, 000. 00 4,000 cubic yards concrete, at $14 per cubic yard-..... 56, 000. 00 Contingencies_ ----- ----------- 25, 000. 00 Total-----,, ---- -197, 000. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1815 Maintenance-Continued. South jetty enrockment- 50,000 tons stone, at $2 per ton, in place----------------_ $100, 000. 00 500 linear feet new tramway, at $20___ .. __________--- 10, 000. 00 Repairs to existing tramways_ -------------------------- 10, 000. 00 5,500 cubic yards concrete, at $14 per cubic yard_------ 77, 000. 00 -- Contingencies------------------------------------------ 25,000.00 Total----------------------------------------------- 222, 00. 00 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930, jetties ------------- 110, 000. 00 Total----------------------------------------------332, 000. 00 Maintenance of bar and bay channels: Operation of U. S. Dredge Col. P. S. Michie, six months, at $9,000 per month ---------------------------------------- 54, 000. 00 Care of Michie, three months, at $4,500--------------------- 13, 500. 00 Repairs to Michie- ---------- ------------------------- 20, 000. 00 Maintenance 22-foot channel hired dredging plant (port of Coos Bay), four months, at $8,000------------------- 32, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------- ---- 12, 158. 00 Contingencies__ _------------------ 10, 565.37 Total ____-__ __------ ---------- 142, 223.37 Grand total---------------------- ---------------------- 671, 223. 37 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 will be applied to maintenance, as follows: North jetty: Maintenance- 24,000 tons stone, at $2 per ton, in place_------------------- $48, 000 Repairs to tramways and plant_ -------------------------- 15, 000 1,500 cubic yards concrete, at $14 per cubic yard ------------ 21, 000 Contingencies -------------- -- --- -- 20,000 Total_ 104. 000 South jetty: Maintenance- 23,500 tons stone, at $2 per ton, in place------------------- 47, 000 1,500 cubic yards concrete, at $14 per cubic yard, in place__ 21, 000 Repairs to tramways and plant --------------------- 15, 000 Contingencies------------------------------------ 20, 000 Total_-------------------------------------------------_ 103.000 Grand total ----------- ------------------ -- 207, 000 Maintenance of entrance and bay channels: Operation of U. S. dredge Col. P. ,. Michie, six months, at $9,000 per month--------------------------------- 54, 000 Care of Michie, three months, at $4,000 per month-------------- 12, 000 Repairs to Michie -------------- ________________-20, 000 Dredging 22-foot channel by Government plant or by hired plant, four months, at $8,000_ . ----- . _________-____ _________ -- 32, 000 Contingencies-- -------------------------------------------. 15, 000 Total _ 133, 000 Total for fiscal year 1932____________----------------------- 340, 000 Cost of small combination sea-going and pipe-line dredge for maintenance of coast harbors------------------------------- 750, 000 ------------------------------------------ Grand total_______ ________ 1,090,000 1816 REPORT OF CEIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The increase in the amount required for maintenance for 1932 over the average expenditure for the past five years is due to the mainte- nance of jetties at the entrance to the bay, completed last year. Relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of com- merce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the 24-foot Pigeon Point Channel and the 22-foot channel from Smith's mill to Millington. Commercial statistics.-The commerce over the bar during the calendar year 1929 amounted to 497,991 tons, valued at $10,103,968. This commerce was comprised of the following: Exports, 133,804 tons, valued at $2,417,645; domestic receipts, 31,790 tons, valued at $1,976,486; domestic shipments, 332,397 tons, valued at $5,709,837. The exports consisted almost entirely of lumber and logs, and domestic shipments of lumber. Petroleum products and other non- metallic minerals constituted the bulk of the domestic receipts. The usual limit of draft of loaded vessels operating over the bar was about 19 feet. The maximum draft did not exceed 21 feet. About 95 per cent of the local traffic on the bay consisted of logs and lumber. The balance of the traffic was composed mainly of farm products, cordwood, fuel oil, machinery, and merchandise. The usual limit of draft of the river vessels handling this freight was less than 8 feet. Comparative statement 1 Handled by ocean-going vessels Handled by inland river vessels Year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value Passengers 1925 -- .. ----- ........------------- 550,045 $11,311,278 311 1926- --------------- ---- 559, 846 10, 176, 380 114 36, 962 $2, 263, 434 609 1927_ -------------------- 505, 885 12, 251, 338 9 55, 686 1,759, 270 4, 810 1928 -------------------- 565, 763 12, 272, 633 1 72, 724 3, 729, 682 17, 895 497, 991 1929...... ..........------------------..-- 10, 103, 968- ........ 63, 726 2, 930, 446 24,481 Total 1 Floated and rafted logs and piling Year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value 1925...............---------- ...........-------------------- 550,045 $11,311,278 311 . 1926......------------------------------- 596,808 12,439,814 723 165,233 $2,118,914 1927............................------------------------------- 561,571 14, 010, 608 4, 819 374, 553 2, 621, 871 1928......--------------------------------- ....... 638,487 16,002,315 17,896 240,469 1,277,931 1929-.......-----------------------... 561,717 13,034,414 24,481 582,020 2,397,108 1 Exclusive of floated and rafted logs and piling. The volume of ocean-going freight handled during the year 1929 was about 12 per cent less than in the previous year. Exports of logs were diminished by 60 per cent but lumber exports increased by nearly 40 per cent. Coastwise lumber shipments decreased about 8 per cent. Otherwise no material change was noted. Increased activity in the logging industry on the bay and its trib- utaries resulted in a far larger quantity of logs handled locally on the bay. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1817 In addition to the above inland traffic, 230,524 tons of jetty stone, valued at $272,018, was barged from the south fork of Coos River to the jetties at the entrance to the bay. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ ___ $4, 598, 684. 07 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------- 1, 886, 746. 44 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ______--- 6, 485, 430. 51 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ---------- 502, 723. 23 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_ ----------------------- 6, 988, 153. 74 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------------- 8, 972. 81 Gross total cost to June 30, 1930 997, 126. 55 6____________----------6, M1inus accounts payable June 30, 1930 __---__---_---------- 80, 183. 16 ------------ Net total expenditures_______________ 6, 916, 943. 39 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_..... 671, 223. 37 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930___.------- 7, 588, 166. 76 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_.--- -------.- ...--- $599, 377. 10 $615, 590. 61 $532, 989. 52 $434, 961. 56 $248, 747. 30 Cost of maintenance __91, 465. 94 153, 696. 85 127, 771. 49 15, 739. 85 308, 957. 35 Total cost_-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - 690, 843. 04 769, 287. 46 660, 761. 01 450, 701. 41 557, 704. 65 Total expended------ - __- __.-- . --..- 690, 843. 04 769, 287.46 665,130.42 508,675.09 561,253.45 Allotted---------------------------------545, 000. 00 750, 000. 00 280, 000. 00 808, 000. 00 312,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ---------------------------- $920, 476. 82 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved May 28, 1930 ---- ------------------------------- 482,000.00 Amount to be accounted for------- -- ------------------- 1,402,476. 82 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment------------_ 170, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------ 1,232, 476. 82 Gross amount expended------------------------ $562,073. 17 Less receipts from sales 819. 72 561, 253. 45 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 - - 671, 223. 37 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-------------- 122, 158. 00 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts ---------- 79, 950. 00 202, 108. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------ 469, 115. 37 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930----------------------------- 8, 972. 81 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 ------------- 478, 088. 18 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 2- ________ ------ _ --- __________- _ _- 185, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance,2 including seagoing dredge -.. 1, 090. 000.00 Does not include $11,100 contributed funds. 2Exclusive of available funds. 1818 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 3. COOS RIVER, OREG. Location and description.-The Coos River rises in the Coast range in southern Oregon, flows about 60 miles in a general westerly direction, and empties into Coos Bay nearly opposite Marshfield, Oreg. It has a drainage area of about 420 square miles. The low- water discharge is approximately 200 second-feet. The high-water discharge is not known. From the mouth to the fork, 51/2 miles, the river is from 400 to 700 feet between banks. The tidal reach extends up the north and south forks about 9 miles, or 14 miles from the mouth. Both forks are from 100 to 200 feet in width between banks. Above the tidal reach the forks are swift mountain streams, ob- structed by snags and bowlders. (See U. S. Geological Survey Coos Bay Quadiangle.) Original condition.-The mouth was obstructed by a mud bar, on which the controlling depth was about 4 feet at mean lower low water, and the river from the mouth to the fork had a controlling depth at low tide of 6 feet. This stretch was obstructed by but few snags. The north and south forks were navigable at high water for light-draft boats to the head of tide, 81/2 and 9 miles, respectively, with a ruling depth at low tide of 3 feet for about 7 miles. Along the upper 2 miles the ruling depths at low tide was about 1 foot, with many snags and rocks. The total navigable length was 23 miles. Logging was carried on along the upper reaches. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of snags and bowlders from a channel 50 feet wide from the mouth of the river to the head of navigation on both forks by Government plant to be borrowed from Coos Bay at such times as it can be spared. The section under improvement includes the mouth and 51/2 miles of the main river and about 81/2 miles of each fork. The plane of reference is mean lower low water. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges under ordinary conditions at the mouth of the river are 6 and 10 feet, respectively, and there is a range of about 1 foot at the head of navigation in the forks. Freshets usually reach a height of from 10 to 15 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1898, was $8,000. The latest (1923) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896. (H. Doc. No. 237, 53d Cong., 3d sess.) The latest .published map is in this document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are several small wharves and numer- ous small landing places on the river where small steamers and launches land. There are no railroads near the river. The existing terminal facilities are believed to be sufficient for the present needs of navigation. (For a full description see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-There is no railroad serving the locality, and only a few roads located above the forks of the river. The river furnishes the principal means of transportation for the farmers to reach the markets, to whom the improvement has been of great benefit, enabling them to materially increase shipments of products. Navigation has been made much easier and safer. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1819 Operations and results during fiscal year.-Annual maintenance of the project channels in the main river and in the forks, which was in progress at the beginning of the year, was continued until August 15, 1929, when the work was completed for the season. Maintenance work for the season of 1930 began May 27, 1930, and was in progress at the end of the year. The work was done by a 11/2 cubic yard bucket dredge hired by the hour. During the year the dredge re- moved 18,635 cubic yards of sand and gravel, and 101 snags from the project channels in both forks of the river. The total cost of the work for the year was $3,892.46, all for maintenance. The total expenditure for the year under the existing project was $3,069.58. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1899. The controlling depth after annual maintenance dredging is about 4 feet, with a zero gage reading, in a channel about 50 feet wide from the mouth to the head of navigation on both forks, a dis- tance of about 23 miles. During August and September the river is at its lowest stage. The total cost under the existing project has been $57,863.60, of which $8,000 was for new work and $49,863.60 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $56,625.65. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended July 1, 1930, to maintenance of existing channels, as follows: Operation of Government or hired plant, 11 months, at $1,600 per month_----------------------------------------------------- $2, 400. 00 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------ 2, 160. 00 Contingencies-------------- ------------------------------- 214. 35 Total---------------------------------------------------- 4, 774. 35 The available funds will be exhausted June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 will be applied to mainteance, as follows: Operation of Government or hired plant, 114 months, at $1,600 per month------------------ ---------------------------------- $2, 000 Engineering and contingencies---------------------------------- 500 Total---------------------- ----------------- 2, 500 Commercial statistics.-The traffic on Coos River, during the cal- endar year 1929, amounted to 131,469 tons, valued at $2,647,041. The traffic was handled by 5 freight and passenger lines and 11 towboat lines. The usual limit of draft of loaded boats plying on the river is about 4 feet. Comparative statement (jtt Floated and rafted logs tr stone)ic Freight and piling (jetty Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons 1925------------------------...... 9, 242 $808, 182 36, 138 ------------------ 271, 606 1926-------------------------- 10, 570 1, 387, 225 23, 602 17,195 $179, 560 370, 245 1927.---------- ------------- 17, 359 1, 351, 107 15, 815 97, 903 685, 321 339, 847 1928_ _----_. --------- 12, 752 2, 588, 706 26, 680 3,199 17, 766 296, 755 -- ------------ 1929..-------.... 9, 956 2,152, 319 24, 562 121,513 494, 722 230, 524 1 Exclusive of floated and rafted logs and piling. 1820 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Coos River traffic consisted mainly of dairy products, livestock, frtiits and vegetables, logs and piling, and merchandise, freighted downstream; grain, hay, mill feed, lumber, cement, coal, petroleum products, iron and steel, and machinery, shipped upstream. The revival of the logging industry on the river, particularly on the south fork, resulted in a far larger movement of rafted logs than in the previous year. The movement of other freight, however, was somewhat smaller. A description of the movement of this traffic by sections follows: COOS RIVER Sections Commodities Mouth to Allegheny on Mouth to head of navi- the north fork gation on the south fork Tons Value Tons Value Logs and piling ----------------------------------- .__ 11, 200 $44, 800 110, 313 $449,922 Other freight__..-.-. __. _ ----------- 5, 777 1, 172, 389 4, 179 979, 930 Total .............. __ .. .......__ .............- I 16, 977 1, 217, 189 114,492 1,429, 852 The additional traffic in jetty stone was barged from the quarry on the south fork of the river to the entrance to Coos Bay, for use in connection with works of river and harbor improvement. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 000.00 $-------------------------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------- ------------------ 49, 863. 60 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-------- ----- 57,863.60 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 237. 95 1,------------------------ Net total expenditures_------ -------------------------- 56, 625. 65 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------4,774. 35 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------- 61,400.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 C ost of new w ork ..............---- .------ - - Cost of maintenance--...........................---------------------------.........$4, 069. 22 - - ..-... - - - $1, 397. 31 .. -. .- $3, 892. 46 Total expended ......... " !..__ ..... _ ..._ $3, 004. 50 $2, 942. 00 2, 657. 64 2, 393. 82 3, 069. 58 Allotted - ---------------- __............... 2, 000. 00 3, 000. 00 2, 000. 00 2,400.00 3, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_--- $4, 843.93 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930- ---------------- 3, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for _- 7, 843. 93 Gross amount expended -- -- - 3, 069. 58 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------- 4, 774. 35 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930- ------- 2, 160. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930 2, 614. 35 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1 -- - -- - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - 30, 1932, for maintenance --- - 2, 500. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1821 4. UMPQUA RIVER, OREG. Location and description.-The Umpqua River rises in the Cascade Range, flows westerly about 120 miles and empties into the Pacific Ocean. about 180 miles south of Columbia River and about 465 miles north of San Francisco Bay, Calif. The drainage area is about 4,000 square miles. The low-water discharge is about 1,000 second-feet; the flood discharge, at times, is 155,000 second-feet. The tidal reach extends to Scottsburg, about 25 miles above the mouth. Above the head of tide the river is of the nature of a mountain stream and is used for floating logs. Its lower 10 miles, below the mouth of Smith River, is an estuary with widths between banks of three-eighths mile to 11/4 mile. From Smith River to Scottsburg the widths are from 500 feet to one-half mile. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 5802.) Original condition.- Before improvement the depth in the bar channel varied from 16 to 7 feet, but seldom less than 13 feet. Between the entrance and Gardiner, the head of navigation for sea- going craft, 10 miles from the bar, the controlling depth was 9 feet at mean lower low water. Above Gardiner the river was used prin- cipally as a highway between the terminus of the wagon road at Scottsburg and the wagon roads from points near the mouth of the river leading to Coos Bay on the south and Siuslaw River on the north. The controlling depth to Scottsburg was about four feet. Previous projects.-The act of March 3, 1871, appropriated $22,500 for the improvement of the Umpqua River. The project for im- provement provided for the removal of obstructions to high-water navigation from Scottsburg to Roseburg. In 1886 the project was modified to include the river below Scottsburg to the mouth. The work consisted mostly of the removal of rocky reefs in the channel below Scottsburg. The total cost and expenditures under previous projects were $39,242.29, all for new work. (For further details of previous projects, see p. 2967 of Annual Report for 1898.) Existing project.-This provides for a jetty on the north side of the entrance approximately 8,000 feet in length westerly from the high-water line to the sea; dredging on the ocean bar; and for the construction of a south jetty if sufficient improvement is not afforded by the north jetty and dredging. The present authorization for a south jetty is limited to an expenditure of $500,000. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges at the mouth of the river under ordinary conditions are 6.7 feet and about 10 feet, respectively, and about the same at Scotts- burg, the head of tide, 25 miles from the entrance. Floods rise to a height of about 20 feet in the river at Scottsburg. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $1,753,000, exclusive of dredging and of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance (north jetty only) is $50,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 22, 1922, provided for a north jetty 7,500 feet in length (H. Doc. No. 913, 65th Cong., 2d sess.) and the act of January 21, 1927, provided for the present dimensions of north jetty and for dredging the ocean bar (H. Doc. No. 320, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). The act of July 3, 1930, provided for a south jetty 1822 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 317, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, provided that one-half of the cost be borne by local interests. Under permit issued by the Secretary of War June 22, 1916, the port of Umpqua, representing local interests, constructed the re- ceiving wharf, tramway approach, and 3,390 feet of jetty tramway, and completed the jetty enrockment for that distance. The total amount expended by the port in conformity to the adopted project is $173,500, for which credit has been given by the United States for useful work performed. The port on July 9, 1923, deposited to the credit of the district engineer the further sum of $103,000, mak- ing a total of $276,500 contributed by local interests, which is one- half the original estimated cost of the work. In addition the port has constructed a 15-inch pipe-line dredge, at a cost of approxi- mately $115,000, including all equipment, and has expended $42,653.55, in deepening the river channel between the entrance and Reedsport. The river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, relieved the local interests of cooperation in the completion of the jetty project, but imposes the condition that they give assurance satisfactory to the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers that they will under- take the improvement and maintenance of the river channel to a depth commensurate with that secured over the bar. Terminal facilities.-At Gardiner there is approximately 1,100 feet of wharf frontage, of which 60 feet is publicly owned. At Reedsport there are eight wharves, approximately 1,450 feet front- age, all privately owned. There is no public wharf at Reedsport, but there is about 2,200 feet of publicly owned water frontage. The only mechanical appliance for handling freight in the port is a hoist at Reedsport. All wharves are open to the public on equal terms, the usual charges being $2.50 for dockage, 25 cents for wharf- age, and 50 cents per ton per month for storage. There is no physi- cal connection between the water and railroad that crosses the river at Reedsport. Effect of improvement.-The work of improvement under the existing project has fixed the direction of the channel across the ocean bar and has improved the depth somewhat, and has enabled navigation, which was suspended for several years, to be resumed. The river channel has been deepened by the port of Umpqua, per- mitting the use of larger and deeper-draft vessels. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Active work cf jetty construction, which was in progress at the beginning of the year, was discontinued in November, 1929, on account of storms and re- sumed in April, 1930, and was in progress at the end of the year. During the year the jetty tramway was extended seaward 560 feet. During the year the contractor delivered to jetty receiving wharf 160,237.37 tons of stone, which was placed in the jetty enrockment by Government plant operated by hired labor. The cost for the year was $272,220.13, for construction of the north jetty, repairs to plant, etc., of which $237,116.82 was for new work and $35,103.31 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $286,196.26. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1823 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 70 per cent completed. The north jetty is about 98 per cent completed. Only some experimental dredging has been done on the bar and no work has been done on the south jetty conditionally provided for by act of July 3, 1930. Work on the north jetty was suspended in 1926 and resumed in February, 1928, and work has been continuous since the last named date. It is expected to complete the north jetty in September, 1930. A survey of the bar made in May, 1930, shows a controlling depth of 14 feet in a channel about 500 feet wide, following a direction about south 750 west. The controlling depth on the ocean bar is 3 feet greater than it was at the beginning of the fiscal year. The increased depth on the bar has permitted the resumption of navi- gation by lumber carriers, which was suspended for several years on account of shoal water on the bar. Vessels drawing 161/2 feet now cross the bar at high tide. The channel from the entrance to Reedsport was dredged to a depth of 16 feet in 1924 by the port of Umpqua, but has shoaled to about 12 feet. No maintenance work has been done in the river channel, which is to be maintained by the port of Umpqua. The cost of the existing project has been as follows: United States Contributed Total funds funds New work_.. .- $862, 058. 58 $276, 500. 00 $1, 138, 558. 58 M aintenance .. ..................................... 99, 103. 31-_-_ _ 99, 103. 31 Total_.---------....- ... - - .............. - 961, 161.89 276, 500. 00 1, 237, 661.89 The total expenditure was $1,001,411.36 United States funds and $276,500 contributed funds. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended July 1, 1930, to the construction of the north jetty, as follows: New work: 200 linear feet new tramway, at $18 per foot----------------$3, 600. 00 40,000 tons jetty stone, at $1.80 per ton, in place-------------72, 000. 00 Contingencies ---------------------------- 12, 088. 64 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-------------- 43, 400. 00 Total---------------------------------- -------- 131,088.64 Maintenance: 40,000 tons jetty stone, at $1.80 per ton, in place---------__ 72, 000. 00 Repairs to tramways and plant ----------------------- 10, 000. 00 Contingencies __ --------------------------------- 18, 000. 00 Total --------------------------------------------- 100, 000. 00 Total for new work and maintenance---------------------231, 088. 64 The available funds will be exhausted June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 will be applied to maintenance, as follows: North jetty- 45,000 tons stone, at $2 per ton, in place-..... $90, 000 Repairs to tramways and plant--- 10, 000 Contingencies- -10, 000 Total__------- 000 110----------------- 11714-KENo 1930----115 1824 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY) 1930 The increase in the amount required for maintenance for 1932 over the average expenditures for the past five years is due to an item for maintenance of the north jetty, now at the point of completion. No work of construction of a south jetty in 1932 is contemplated. Observation of the effects of the north jetty and dredging upon the entrance channel will be made. Commercial statistica.-- The commerce over the bar for the calen- dar year 1929 amounted to 4,306 tons, valued at $142,572. This com- merce consisted almost entirely of coastwise shipments of lumber, an additional small tonnage in fresh fish having been carried over the bar during the year. The usual limits of draft of loaded boats operating over the bar is about 13 feet. Comparative statement Freight Freight Year Year Tons Value Tons Value 1925_-- .--.-.----.- _ 21, 953 $516, 615 1928.......----------------------- 175 $56, 000 1926_-- -- __---------- 3, 026 93, 041 1929_ ---.---.---..-.-. 4, 306 142, 572 20,195 1927.. ------...........---.... 372,803 Shipments of lumber over the bar were resumed during the year after the suspension of this trade in 1927. The improved condition of the bar at the entrance to the river is mainly responsible for the resumption of this trade. During the calendar year 1929, a total of 381,121 tons of freight, valued at $2,351,116, was handled on the river. This traffic consisted principally of farm products, logs and piling, lumber, fuel oil, iron and steel, and machinery. Logs, which con- stituted about 80 per cent of the traffic, were all towed to Reedsport for manufacture. The movement of the other freight was mainly to the logging camps with the exception of the farm products, the movement of which was mostly to Reedsport. The traffic was handled by three boat lines. The usual limit of draft for loaded boats is about 6 feet. Comparative statement Freight 1 Floated and rafted logs and piling Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925...------------------ ----------------------------------------------------- 1926..-.........-------------------------------- 35,078 $2, 740, 532 12, 698 46, 048 $368, 384 1927__---- --- ------------------- ------- 52,053 871, 250 2,200 378,537 1,569,759 1928---- ............----------------------------...... 113, 966 1, 291, 640 5, 190 204, 430 818, 569 1929....._----........-- ------------------------ 76, 875 1, 130, 007 13, 050 304, 246 1, 221, 109 1Exclusive of floated and rafted logs and piling. The volume of traffic handled in 1929 was about 63,000 tons greater than in 1928. The traffic in rafted logs and piling exceeded that of 1928 by about 100,000 tons, but the movement of sand and gravel was much smaller. Lumber and shingles were also moved in a much RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1825 smaller quantity. No material change in the tonnage of other com- modities was noted with the exception of stone, 24,000 tons of which were moved in 1929, while in the preceding year 1928 there was no movement of this material. (The stone referred to is that handled for purposes other than for river and harbor improvement.) A description of the movement of this traffic by section follows: River below Reeds- River above Reeds- Smith River to port port Reedsport Commodities Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value i i i i i Logs and piling--------------------- 164, 607 $659, 778 2, 510 $10, 595 137, 129 $550, 736 Sand, gravel and stone_----------- 66,840 75,240 70 70 Other freight-__------------------ 1, 074 105, 138 3, 599 227, 972 5, 292 721, 587 - - - - - I----I-----I 1 1 1 --- -- Total_-------------------- 165,681I 764, 916 72, 949 1 313, 807 142,491 1, 272, 393 L In addition to the above traffic: 13,050 passengers and 2,920 auto- mobiles and vehicles were ferried across the river below Reedsport; 227,662 tons of stone, valued at $260,641, were barged from the quarry above Reedsport to the mouth of the river for use in con- nection with works of river and harbor improvement. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 19301 _____-______ - __-. $901, 300. 87 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 99, 103. 31 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 -- ______ 1, 000, 404. 18 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930_ ..... __ -- 82, 561.91 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 -__ __------ - - 1, 082, 966.09 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------ 42, 312. 44 Net total expenditures ____----- --- - __ _ 1, 040, 653. 65 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ -------------------------- 231, 088. 64 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 , 271, 742. 29 1------------ Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--__ $42, 533. 68 $1, 737. 72 $79, 585.32 $341, 097.90 $237, 116. 82 Cost of maintenance__.................. 57, 512. 50 6, 487. 50 ...--.--.--....-.- --.---. 35, 103. 31 Total cost 100, 046. 18 8, 225.22 79, 585.32 341, 097. 90 272, 220.13 Total expended.... . 100, 046. 18 8, 225. 22 66, 993. 40 308, 737. 05 286, 196. 26 Allotted-------------------------------- 64,000.00 20.000.00 1355,000.00 340,000.00 177.000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ----------------------- $340, 284.90 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930-__- - ---------- $100, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930 ------------------------------------- --- 77, 000. 00 177, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for __ - __---------- 517, 284.90 Gross amount expended- -------------------- 290, 701. 51 Less receipts from sales- ---------- ----- 4, 505. 25 286, 196. 26 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930__-------------- 231,088.64 1$45,000 (representing tramway) previously carried as new work (Item 1) transferred to plant (Item 4) during fiscal year 1930. 2 Does not include $276,500 contributed funds. 1826 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------- -$43, 400. 00 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts-----------78, 143. 97 $121, 543. 97 Balance available June 30, 1930---------------- 109, 544. 67 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1------- --------- 500, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 for maintenance--------------------------------110, 000. 00 5. SIUSLAW RIVER, OREG. Location and description.-The Siuslaw River rises in the Coast Range, flows about 110 miles in a westerly direction, and empties into the Pacific Ocean through a low, shifting sand beach about 160 miles south of the mouth of the Columbia River and 485 miles north of San Francisco Bay, Calif. It has a drainage area of about 780 square miles and a low-water discharge of approximately 400 second-feet. The maximum discharge is not known. The tidal reach extends to Mapleton, 19 miles from the mouth. The width is from 800 to 1,000 feet from the mouth to the north fork, a distance of 6 miles and 200 to 500 feet from the north fork to Mapleton. Above the tidal reach the river is a rapid mountain stream obstructed by reefs and bowlders. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 5802.) Original condition.-The bar channel frequently changed its posi- tion up and down the coast as much as 1 mile, and its depth varied from 5 to 12 feet at mean lower low tide, and vessels drawing over 9 feet could not cross the bar except at unusually high tide. The river channel was from 100 to 1,000 feet wide and from 3 to 9 feet deep at low water from the mouth to Mapleton, 19 miles from the ocean. Logging was carried on along the upper reaches during favorable stages. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, and modified in 1891. The cost and expenditures thereunder, prior to the adoption of the exist- ing project in 1910, were $162,312.10, of which $151,700.83 was for new work and $10,611.27 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1988 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a bar channel 8 feet deep at mean lower low water and two mean high-tide rubblestone jetties, 750 feet apart at their extremities, the north jetty to extend westerly along the edge of the north spit for a distance of 3,700 feet, a south jetty to extend westerly across the south spit for a distance of about 4,200 feet, and a channel 12 feet deep at mean lower low water and 900 feet wide through the shoal below Florence and 150 feet wide on the two shoals above Florence. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges at the mouth of the river, under ordi- nary conditions, are 6.9 feet and about 10 feet, respectively. Floods rise to 20 feet above low water. The tidal influence extends about 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND IARBOR---PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1827 19 miles up the river to the foot of Mapleton Rapids. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1925, is $718,500, exclusive of amounts expended.under previous projects. The latest (1928) ap- proved estimate of annual cost of maintenance of the river channel is $10,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the original work on the jetties (Annual Report for 1891, p. 3174); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for their extension (H. Doc. No. 648, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 3, 1925, provided for the river channel (see Senate Com. Print, serial 1, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 173, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, adopted the project on condition that half of the cost should be borne by local interests. This act was amended by the river and harbor act of February 27, 1911, which provided that the port might proceed with the construction of the south jetty to the full extent of the contract entered into by it December 24, 1909, the amount of one-half required to be furnished by the port or other agency to b-' reduced by such amount, not exceeding $100,000, as may have been properly expended under the contract. Under these conditions the port built 2,940 feet of tramway and placed 65,500 tons of rock in the jetty, at a total cost of $89,509.11. Operations were suspended June 18, 1911, on account of the exhaustion of funds. The port of Siuslaw furnished a bond to insure its contribution toward the cost of the work in August, 1911, and the work was taken over by the Government. The total contribution by the port of Siuslaw under their bond was $215,500 (including the $100,000 credited for useful work performed) for original work on the jetties. In 1914 it was estimated that $225,000 additional would be required to complete the project, making the total estimated cost of new work $651,000. From the funds appropriated by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915, an allotment of $112,500 was made on April 2, 1915, for the completion of the project, with the provision that the port contribute an equal amount. The port of Siuslaw furnished a bond for this sum, and the allotment of $112,500 became available June 7, 1915. Terminal facilities.-Florence,a town of 400, about 4 miles from the entrance, has about 1,000 feet of wharf frontage, of which about 60 feet is a -public wharf and the remainder is privately owned. Of the privately owned, about 500 feet is open to all. At Glenada, across the river from Florence, there is one wharf publicly owned. It has a frontage of 60 feet, and is free to all. Cushman, a small town about 7 miles from the entrance, has 700 feet of wharf frontage, of which 70 feet is open to all free of charge. The Southern Pacific Railroad crosses the river at Cushman and has a spur to the wharf below the bridge. This is the only connec- tion between rail and water on the river. There is no railroad on the river below Cushman. Mapleton, at the head of navigation, 19 miles above the entrance, has two small wharves, one of which is open to all. 1828 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 It is believed that the existing terminal facilities are sufficient for the present commerce. (For a full description see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work accomplished has rendered transportation by water safer and less costly by permitting vessels of greater draft to enter the river, and to ascend the river to the mills at Cushman. Operations and results during fiscal year.-New work: Dredging of the shoals in the river below Cushman, which was in progress at the beginning of the year, was completed August 31, 1929. The work was done by the U. S. hopper dredge No. 11, equipped with a 12-inch centrifugal pump and a 12-inch pipe line. During the year the dredge removed a total of 42,752 cubic yards of sand and mud from Florence Shoal and the Salt House Shoal below Florence. In addi- tion, the United States bucket dredge Coos removed 2,150 cubic yards of sand and clay, and 60 sunken snags from the North Fork Shoal. Upon completing the work, the dredging plant was transferred to Coos Bay. A survey of the entrance and shoals in the river was made near the close of the year at a cost of $990.82. The total cost for the year was $13,289.29, all for new work. The expenditures were $20,775.44. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is now com- pleted. The jetties at the entrance were completed in 1917. The outer ends of the enrockment of both jetties have subsided to low- tide level for a distance of about 200 feet. A survey made in May, 1930, shows a controlling depth on the ocean bar at mean lower low water (about 800 feet to seaward from the end of the north jetty) of 13 feet in a channel 800 feet wide. The controlling depth between the jetties is 13 feet in a channel 200 feet wide, close to the end of the north jetty. The controlling depth in the river to Cushman is 101 feet at mean lower low water. The total cost of the existing project was as follows: United States Contributed Total funds funds New work------......................----------------------------------- $372, 127. 86 $322 531.59 $694, 659. 45 Maintenance--...........-------------------------------------- 30, 453. 85 ------------- 30. 453. 85 Total--- -- ---------------------------------- 402, 581. 71 322, 531. 59 725, 113. 30 Total expenditures under existing project were $727,870.18, of which $405,338.59 was United States funds and $322,531.59 con- tributed funds. Proposed operations.-No work contemplated. It is proposed to apply the funds, $551.12, unexpended July 1, 1930, to annual main- tenance surveys. The channels were dredged to project depth in 1929, and are in good condition. The available funds will be ex- hausted June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 will be applied to maintenance of river channels, as follows: Operation of Government dredge, or hired plant, 2 months, at $4,500 per month---.....--- ------ -$9, 000 Contingencies ------------ 1, 000 Total -- -------------- 10, 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1829 There has been no maintenance of the river channels heretofore. The existing project was completed in the fall of 1929. Commercial statistics.-The ocean-going commerce of the Siuslaw River for the calendar year 1929 amounted to 16,000 tons, valued at $64,000, and consisted entirely of rafted logs shipped to coastwise ports. The internal river traffic amounted to 48,374 tons, valued at $306,376, and consisted almost entirely of logs. Comparative statement Handled by ocean- Handled by inland river vessels 1 going vessels Year Tons Value Tons Value Passengers 1925----------............................-------------------------------- 115 $11, 500 ....--------- (2) 1926- -------- ---------------------------- 377 41,436 2,295 $205,932 3 31, 611 1927_.._------------ ------------------------------------------- 356 45.710 1,806 1928.-------------- ---------------- ------------------------- 342 143,629 1,769 1929-------........---_.... 16,000 ....--------------......----------64,000 374 114,376 1, 672 Total 1 Floated and rafted logs Year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value 1925-..---------------------------------- -- 115 $11,500 1926-......-------................---------------- ------------ 2, 672 247, 368 31,611 4, 000 $32,000 1927-_ _------ -------------------- --------- 356 45,710 1,806 1,556 6, 224 1928._-------------------------------------- 342 143,629 1, 769 33,024 132,096 . 1929-__..--- -.------------ ---------------- 16,374 178,376 1, 672 48,000 192,000 1 Exclusive of floated and rafted logs. 2 No record. 3 Includes 29,250 school children transported on the river an average distance of 10 miles. The sale of logs to coastwise ports resulted in an increased out- put of logs on the river with a consequent increase in the commerce over the bar and on the river. The internal river traffic, noted in the foregoing comparative statement, was confined entirely to the stretch of river between Cushman and Mapleton. The logs shipped coastwise were assembled and rafted in the vicinity of Cushman. The internal river traffic was handled by one freight and passenger line and two towboat lines. The usual limit of draft for loaded boats operating on the river was about 6 feet; for those operating over the bar, about 8 feet. In addition to the above traffic, 16,685 passengers and 3,650 auto- mobiles and vehicles were ferried across the river below Cushman. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $523, 828. 69 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_------------------------- 41, 065.12 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_------------ 564, 893. 81 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------------ 2, 771. 45 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_ _-------------------------- 567, 665. 26 1In addition there was expended $322,531.59 by local interests, including credit for useful work performed. 1830 REPORT OF CHIEF OIL ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------------- $14.57 Net total expenditures--__..... ____ ____---__- 567, 650. 69 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-- --------------------------- 551. 12 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930____---------- 568, 201. 81 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .. ___________________-__.. $1. 352. 54 .... . $35, 539. 44 $13, 289. 29 Cost of maintenance__........_ ...... $343. 36 154. 36 $504.98 545. 56---------- Total cost-.________---_ __ _ 343. 36 1, 506. 90 504. 98 36, 085. 00 13, 289. 29 Total expended- --- ____ -_______ _____ 343. 36 1, 506. 90 643. 41 31, 217. 30 20, 775. 44 Allotted ---------------------- 25, 000. 00 49, 000. 00 -23, 460 19 ---------- 4, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 --------------------------- $17, 326. 56 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929 -------------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for------------ 22, 326, 56 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment- 1, 000.00 Net amount to be accounted for--___ - __------- 21, 326. 56 Gross amount expended___________________________ $20, 890. 44 Less receipts from sales_______-.-.--...- ___- 115. 00 20, 775. 44 Balance unexpected June 30, 1930 -----__--------------- - 551. 12 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 for maintenance 000. 00 1-------------------------- 6. YAQUINA RIVER, OREG. Location and description.-Yaquina River rises in the Coast Range, flows about 50 miles in a westerly direction, and empties into Yaquina Bay, a harbor on the Oregon coast about 115 miles south of the mouth of Columbia River and 530 miles north of San Francisco Bay, Calif. It has a drainage area of 270 square miles and a low-water discharge of about 100 second-feet, which usually occurs in August. The maximum discharge is not known. Highest stages usually occur during the winter months, with freshets about 15 feet above low water. The width between banks varies from 2,000 feet at the mouth to 100 feet at Elk City, 18 miles above the mouth. The tidal reach extends 4 miles above Elk City, above which point the river is but a small mountain stream. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Chart No. 6058.) Original condition.-From the mouth of the river to Oysterville, 3 miles, the controlling depth was about 12 feet; above Oysterville to Toledo, 61/2 miles, there were five shoals with controlling depths of 3 to 5 feet. In the 9 miles above Depot Slough to Elk City, the head of navigation, the controlling depth was about 2 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for two controlling half-tide dikes of piling, brush, and stone, each about 1,100 feet long, con- ' Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1831 structed by local interests, and a channel 10 feet deep, at mean lower low water, and 150 feet wide in straight reaches and 200 feet wide on curves from Oysterville, 3 miles above the mouth of the river, to Toledo on Depot Slough, about 61/2 miles above Oysterville. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges under ordinary conditions at the mouth of the river are 8.1 feet and about 11.5 feet, respectively, and about 5 feet and 8 feet, respectively, at Elk City, 18 miles above the mouth. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1911, was $72,000. The latest (1911) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913. (H. Doc. No. 519, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is in that document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The'river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, required that local interests contribute 60 per cent of the first cost of this project in either cash or useful work performed prior to actual construction work by the United States and that the floating plant belonging to the port of Toledo remain available for use by the United States on work of construction and maintenance without cost to the United States other than for upkeep while in use. This condition was not fulfilled, as the local interests disposed of their floating plant, which consisted of a rather small bucket dredge in poor condition. Previous to the adoption of the project the citizens organized themselves into a port district under the State law and in 1911 realized $50,000 by the sale of bonds. Under permit from the Secretary of War dated August 6, 1910, the port constructed two dikes, built a bucket dredge, and excavated a narrow channel 9 feet deep at low tide from a point in Depot Slough to a point just below Altree's mill, a distance of 3,300 feet, at a total cost of $37,- 430.57. This work, which was accepted, was in accord with the project and, with $5,769.43 turned over to the United States, con- stituted the 60 per cent required by the act of 1913. In addition to the foregoing the port of Toledo contributed $3,000 toward the maintenance of the channel, in 1919, when channel depth was restored. Terminal facilities.-At Yaquina, at the mouth of the river, which is also the head of the bay, there is a small wharf of about 50 feet frontage owned by the Southern Pacific Railroad Co., whose branch line terminates there. Transfer from rail to water is made at this point. Except for a special arrangement covering a small motor vessel, which is operated in connection with the railroad, this wharf is open to all on equal terms. The port of Toledo has a public wharf in Depot Slough, at Toledo, with frontage of about 750 feet. This wharf has rail con- nection. The city of Toledo also has a public wharf of about 100 feet frontage on Depot Slough, built to accommodate small motor boats. There are also at Toledo two slips having special facilities for transferring lumber to lighters. These lighters are towed to New- port where the lumber is transferred to sea-going vessels. The slips at Toledo are owned and used by a large lumber company. They are not adapted to general use. 1832 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 There are no terminal facilities above Toledo. The existing ter- minals are believed to be adequate for present needs of commerce. Effect of improvement.-The work accomplished has resulted in increased water-borne commerce, as ocean-going vessels drawing as much as 14 feet can now ascend at high tide to Toledo, 91/2 miles from the mouth. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was in prog- ress and no expenditures made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1914. The only maintenance work since the completion of the project was done in 1919. The controlling depth between the mouth of the river and Toledo is about 8 feet at mean lower low water in a channel 150 feet wide. No maintenance work has been found necessary up to this time, as the controlling depth has been sufficient for the existing naviga- tion, which consists mostly of barges used for lightering lumber from the mill at Toledo to vessels loading at Newport on Yaquina Bay. Lumber carriers load to a.draft of 18 feet to cross the ocean bar and can not navigate the river. Above Toledo to the head of navigation the controlling depth is reported to be about 2 feet in a channel 100 feet wide at mean lower low water. The total expenditures and costs of the work under the existing project are as follows: United Contrib- States uted Total funds funds New work....................-----------------------------------------------$28,800 $43, 200 $72, 000 Maintenance.---------------------------------------------- 14, 000 3, 000 17, 000 Total.... .- -- .- -- . ..-. .. ..-.-- .-.-.-- .- - 42,800 46,200 89,000 Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended July 1, 1930, to maintenance of the project channel between Toledo and Oysterville. Operation of Government dredge or hired plant 2 months, at $4,500 per month------------------- --------------------------- $9, 000 Contingencies ------------------------------------------------ 1, 500 Total ---------------------------- ----------- 10, 500 The available funds are not sufficient to restore the entire project channel to project depth but will deepen several shoals in the project channel. The available funds will be exhausted June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Operation of Government dredge or hired plant 23/4 months, at $4,500 per month -------------------------------------------- $12, 375 Contingencies ------- ---------------------------------------- 1, 125 Total------------------------------------------------ 13, 500 The relatively large amount required for maintenance in 1932 is due to the fact that no maintenance work has been done on the chan- nel for a period of about 10 years. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1833 Commercial statistics.-During the calendar year 1929, a total of 376,681 tons of freight, valued at $3,351,505, was handled on the river. This traffic consisted principally of rafted logs and fuel oil moved upstream, and lumber shipped downstream. All of the traffic was destined to or from Toledo Oreg., and was handled over the entire section of river above described. No regular freight and passenger service is maintained, the traf- fic movement being entirely in the interests of the mill at Toledo and its dependent population. The usual limits of draft for loaded boats operating on the river is about 8 feet. Comparative statement Freight 1 Floated and rafted logs Passen- and piling Year gers Tons Value Tons Value 1925----------_ _- -------------- - - 124,592 $2, 272,655 6, 447 177, 812 $1, 066, 872 1926 ------------------------------------ 96, 057 1,728,517 5, 471 177,120 1, 419, 860 1927_ ------------------------------------ 98,431 1, 525, 587 ---------- 194,498 1, 361, 486 1928 _------------------------------------ 78,062 1, 412, 860 ---------- 139, 596 697, 980 1929 ----------------------------------- 101,392 1,975, 003 ---------- 275, 289 1, 376, 502 1 Exclusive of floated and rafted logs and piling. The increase in traffic, for the year 1929, is due to a much larger river movement of logs and lumber. There was no material change in the traffic in other commodities. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930______________---_______ $28, 800. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------------------------- 14, 000. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ------------- 142, 800. 00 Net total expenditures----------------------------------- 42, 800. 00 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_----------------------------- 10, 500. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------_ 53, 300. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--------- -------- ------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance-- -- ----------------------------------------------------- Total expended...-------- ------------ ----------------------------------------- Allotted..................... ....---------------------- ----------- --------------------- $9,000.00 $1,500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------- $9, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------- ------- 10, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for__------------------------------- 19, 000.00 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment ---------------- 8, 500. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------------10, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance - --- ----------- -- 13, 500.00 1 Does not include $46,200 contributed funds. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1884 REPOTtT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 7. YAQUINA BAY AND HARBOR, OREG. Location and description.-Yaquina Bay is an indentation in the Pacific coast about 115 miles south of the Columbia River and 530 miles north of San Francisco Bay, Calif. It is about 3 miles long and somewhat over a mile in width at its widest place, and has a tidal area of about 5 square miles. About 4 miles from the ocean bar it is entered by the Yaquina River, its principal tributary, a small stream navigable for about 18 miles above the bay. The tidal influence extends up the Yaquina River about 23 miles. The bay has a mean discharge of about 40,000 second-feet, mostly tidal. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 5802.) Original condition.-The prevailing depth over the bar at the entrance varied from 7 to 8 feet at low tide and three distinct chan- nels existed. Owing to the shifting nature of the bar these channels were constantly changing, both in position and depth, and could be used only by small coasting vessels. The channels were always narrow, uncertain, and usually covered with breakers. The head of navigation was about 4 miles above Elk City, 26 miles from the bar. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, provided for the improvement of the entrance, but no formal project was adopted by Congress prior to 1896. The original project con- templated a south jetty only, but as modified in 1892 the project provided for two high-tide jetties at the entrance, their sea ends to be 1,000 feet apart, the south jetty to have a length of 3,600 feet and the north jetty 2,300 feet. The modified project was com- pleted in 1895. The act of June 3, 1896, adopted a project for the extension of the jetties, but no work was done. The river and harbor act of June 6, 1900, provided for the removal of a cluster of rocks in the entrance, which work was completed in 1903. The act of March 3, 1905, repealed the.previous acts relating to Yaquina Bay, but provided for two years' maintenance. On July 1, 1907, the unexpended balances of appropriations, $1,661.04, reverted to the Treasury. The total cost and expenditure prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1919 were $713,338.96, of which $707,313.45 was for new work and $6,025.51 for maintenance. For further de- tails of previous projects see the Annual Report for 1893, part 4, page 3314, and House Documents Nos. 68, Fifty-fourth Congress, first session; 110, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session; and 109, Sixty- fifth Congress, first session. Existing project.-This provides for two high-tide rubblestone jetties at the entrance, 1,000 feet apart, at the end of the north jetty, the north jetty to be 3,700 feet in length and the south jetty 5,800 feet in length, and project seaward about 800 feet beyond the end of the north jetty; a spur jetty based on the channel side of the south jetty 2,500 feet from its sea end, 800 feet in length, to deepen the channel across the inner bar between the jetties; the removal of subaqueous rock from the outer bar reef, to secure a depth of 20 feet at mean lower low water in the entrance; and .for a channel 200 feet wide and 18 feet deep from the entrance to the railroad terminus at Yaquina, a distance of about 42 miles. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the ex- treme tidal ranges at the entrance are 8 feet and about 11.5 feet, RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1835 respectively, and about 5 and 8 feet, respectively, at Elk City, 18 miles above the mouth of the Yaquina River. The tidal influence extends about 5 miles above Elk City. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1920, is $1,518,430, exclusive of the amount expended on previous projects. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000 every two years to maintain 18 feet in the bay channel. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $30,000 for dredging in the entrance. No provision was made for the main- tenance of the jetties. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the improvement of the entrance; no project was adopted (see Annual Report for 1881, p. 2589); the act of June 6, 1900, provided for rock removal at en- trance (H. Doc. No. 110, 56th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 3, 1905, repealed the previous acts relating to the improvement of the entrance, but provided for two years' maintenance; the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the restoration and extension of the jetties con- structed under previous projects, rock removal in the entrance, and dredging in the bay up to the railroad terminus at Yaquina (H. Doc. No. 109, 65th' Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, required that one-half of the cost of the new work adopted should be borne by local interests. These conditions have wholly been met. Under permit approved by the Secretary of War August 11, 1917, the ports entered into a contract to the extent of $405,351.50 to con- struct the extension of the south jetty in accordance with the existing project and completed the jetty wharf, the pile driving the entire length of the extension to south jetty, placed 222,501 tons of stone in the jetty enrockment and excavated the 18-foot bay channel. The total expenditures by the ports in connection with the existing proj- ect were $594,165, for which credit was given by the United States for useful work performed, and in addition thereto the ports de- posited to the credit of the district engineer the further sum of $165,050 to make up their one-half of the amended cost of the project, amounting to $1,518,430. The work was taken over by the United States on February 1, 1921, to complete the project. In addi- tion to the above expenditures the local interests in 1888 contributed $1,000 to prevent shore erosion on south beach. Terminal facilities.-Newport, a town of about 700 population, and located about 1 mile from the entrance to the bay, has about 750 feet of wharf frontage, of which about 450 feet is publicly owned and open to all on equal terms. Opposite Newport, on the south side of the bay, there is a small public wharf, free to all, used as a ferry landing. At Yaquina (the terminus of the Southern Pa- cific Co.'s branch rail line) there is no public wharf, but the railroad maintains a wharf with a frontage of about 50 feet open to all on equal terms. The existing terminals are believed to be adequate for the present and prospective commerce of the near future. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work already accomplished has re- sulted in increased water-borne commerce, as ocean-going vessels 1836 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 drawing as much as 18 feet cross the bar and ascend to Yaquina, 41/2 miles from the ocean. Operations and results during fiscal year.-New work: Dredging of the ocean bar by the U. S. dredge Col. P. S. Michie, in progress at the beginning of the year, was suspended on July 20, 1929; resumed October 1 to 11, 1929; May 1 to June 13, 1930; and June 24, 1930, to end of the year. During the year the Michie removed a total of 105,676 cubic yards from the ocean bar at a cost of $33,375.73, or $0.316 per cubic yard. The total cost for the year was $35,723.14, all for new work. The total expenditure for the year was $38,313.01. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 99 per cent completed. Under the existing project the 18-foot bay channel was dredged to project dimensions at a cost of $7,200, the south jetty extended 2,200 feet at a cost of $699,565, the north jetty extended 1,400 feet at a cost of $574,547.92, a spur 800 feet long built out from the south jetty at a cost of $33,504.92, and the subaqueous rock work about completed at a cost of $151,849.87. The only new work remaining to be done is to dredge the ocean bar channel to project .depth. It is expected to complete the existing project in the summer of 1930. The sea end of the north jetty has subsided below low-tide level for a distance of about 600 feet and the south jetty about 1,100 feet. The crest of the ocean bar is about 1,600 feet to seaward from the sea end of the south jetty and about 2,400 feet seaward from the end of the north jetty. A survey made at the close of the year shows a controlling depth of 20 feet in a channel 300 feet wide over a rocky shoal at the end of the south jetty. The channel between the jetties inside of the rocky reef has a controlling depth of 19 feet on the channel range, due to a sandy shoal extending from the north jetty to mid-channel. The depths between the channel range and the south jetty are from 19 to 26 feet. The controlling depth on the ocean bar is, ordinarily, 14 feet over the central portion of the bar and is now 19 feet in a channel 200 feet wide on the channel range where dredging is in progress. It is expected to increase the depth in the bar channel to 20 feet over a width of about 200 feet by dredging with the U. S. dredge Col. P. S. Michie, during the month of July, 1930. The total cost of the existing project is as follows: United States Contributed Total funds funds New work------- ---------------------------------- $804, 161. 81 $729, 168. 48 $1, 533, 330. 29 Maintenance .....---------------------------------------- 2, 991. 36 -------------- 2, 991. 36 Total---......-------------------------------------- 807, 153. 17 729, 168. 48 1, 536, 321. 65 The total expenditures under the existing project are $1,527,460.18, of which $798,291.70 are United States funds and $729,168.48 con- tributed funds. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the funds un- expended July 1, 1930, to new work, dredging on the ocean bar, to secure the project depth of 20 feet at mean lower low water. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1837 Operation of U. S. dredge Col. P. S. Michie, 2 months, at $13,000 per month__--__ ------------------------------- $26, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---------------------------- 9, 223.00 Contingencies-------------------------------------------- 1,985. 30 Total------------------------------------------------ 37,208. 30 The available funds will be exhausted June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 will be applied to maintenance of bar and bay channels, as follows : Operation of U. S. dredge Col. P. 8. Michie, seven-eighths of a month, at $13,000 per month ---- ------------------------ $11, 375 Operation of Government dredge or hired plant in bay channel, 13/ months, at $4,500--------------------------------------- 7, 875 Contingencies- ------------------------------------------- 2, 750 Total--- __------------------------------------ 22, 000 The relatively large amount required for maintenance for 1932 is due to the necessity for maintenance of bar and bay project channels. The bay channel' was completed in 1918 and no mainte- nance dredging has as yet been done. It is expected that new work in the bar channel will be completed in the summer of 1930. Commercial statistics.-The ocean-going commerce for the calen- dar year 1929 amounted to 200,802 tons, valued at $2,295,360; of which the shipments, consisting entirely of lumber, amounted to 93,137 tons, and the receipts, principally rafted logs, fuel oil, totaled 107,665 tons. The rafted logs were through freight, being delivered direct to the mill at Toledo on the Yaquina River. In addition, there was a local bay traffic which, for the year, amounted to 276,858 tons, valued at $2,876,714. This traffic consisted mainly of lumber, rafted logs, fuel oil, and general merchandise. The usual limit of draft of loaded ocean-going vessels operating to and from the bay is about 17 feet; of inland river vessels, about 6 feet. Comparative statement Handled by ocean- Handled by inland river vessels 1 going vessels Year Tons Value Tons Value Passengers 1925---------------------------------- 124,162$2,464,125---------- 1926------------ ---................. 150,188 1369 ,773, 1927- -------------------------------- 180,298 2,118,148 102,648 $1, 947,287 7, 893 1928------.20--------------.------..- 188,767 1,909,279 78,662 1,472,860 856 1929 ......--------------------------------- 200,802 2,295, 360 102, 029 2, 002, 512 8.. Total , Floated and rafted logs and piling Year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value 1925------- 192 ------------------------ 1 6------------------- 150,188 $2,464,125------......... _....... - - - 124,162 1 1,773,369 1927---..----._ . . .--- ---.- ,. 282, 946 4,065,435 7,893 -- 112,342 $786, 394 1928-.-..---------.------------------- 267, 429 3, 382,139 856 26, 264 131, 620 .....------.-.- 1929----------------- 302, 831 --- 4, 297, 872- ____---- 174,829 874, 202 1 Exclusive of floated and rafted logs and piling handled by inland river vessels. 1838 REPORT OF COHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Ocean-going shipments of lumber were increased over the pre- ceding year by about 30 per cent; receipts, however, were less, due to the smaller volume of logs received from the Siletz River. The local bay traffic was much larger than that of the preceding year, due to the increased movement of logs and lumber handled on the bay. In addition to the above traffic, 25,000 passengers and 8,000 automobiles and vehicles were ferried across the bay during the year. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------- $1, 511, 475.26 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----__________________ 9, 016. 87 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 _.-------- 11, 520, 492.:13 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930---- -_______---______- 8, 861.47 Net total expenditures ____-_____ ___ ___--1, 511, 630. 66 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 37, 208. 30 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_____ -- __-__ 1, 548, 838.96 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.... --------------------- $8, 822. 65 $19,970. 55 Cost of maintenance.....-----------------------------------. $7, 991. 69 1, 22. 52 1,, $31, 916. 08 1,788. 84 $35, 723. 14 7. Total cost.----------------------- 8, 822. 65 19,970. 55 9,194.21 3.3,704.92 35, 723.14 ----------------------- Total expended .......... 8, 822. 65 19, 970. 55 8, 991. 29 22, 456. 50 38, 313. 01 Allotted.. ---------------------------- 54000.00 ...... 5,000.00 12, 500.00 59, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929___________________ ________ $16, 521. 31 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--------------------- $24, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929---- _______-________ 35, 000, 00 59, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for______________ __________ 75, 521.31 Gross amount expended ------------------------------------ 38, 313.01 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ------------------ 37,208.30 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930__--------------------------- 9, 223. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930------------ ----------- 27, 985. 30 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - -- - - 30, 1932, for maintenance 2 _________________ __ __ __ 22, 000. 00 8. TILLAMOOK BAY AND BAR, OREG. Location and description.-Tillamook bay is an indentation of the Oregon coast about 50 miles south of the mouth of Columbia River and 595 miles north of San Francisco Bay, Calif. It is about 6 miles long and 3 miles wide and has a tidal area of about 13 square miles, the greater part of which at low tide presents a succession of sand and mud flats traversed by three principal channels, which, although of fair depth near the entrance, gradually shoal toward 1 Does not include $729,168.48 contributed funds. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTIAND, ORE(., DISTRICT 1839 the head of the bay. Five small rivers are tributary to the bay, viz, Miami, Kilchis, Wilson, Trask, and Tillamook. The combined low-water discharge of these tributaries is about 300 second-feet. The total drainage area of the bay is about 575 square miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 5902.) Original condition.-The bay is connected with the ocean through a gorge about 750 feet wide at low tide, with a maximum depth of 60 feet. The controlling depth on the bar was 11 feet at mean lower low water in a channel about 300 feet wide, while the depth at ordi- nary high water in the channel between the entrance and Tillamook did not exceed 7 or 8 feet in a channel about 70 feet wide. The head of navigation for steamers and other craft was Tillamook, on Ho- quarten Slough, 12 miles from the entrance, but logging was carried on for a considerable distance on the tributaries. Previous projects.-These were adopted by the river and harbor acts of August 11, 1888, and July 13, 1892. The cost and expendi- tures thereunder prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1913 were $148,707.39, of which $77,208.92 was for new work and $71,- 498.47 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1989 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a jetty about 5,700 feet long on the north side of the entrance; a channel over the bar 18 feet deep at mean lower low water and of such width as can be practically and economically obtained; for a channel 200 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean lower low water from deep water in the bay to and including a turning basin 500 feet wide in Miami Cove; and for a channel 200 feet wide and 16 feet deep from the Miami Cove Chan- nel to Hobsonville, with a turning basin 500 feet wide at that point, with such regulating works as may be found desirable. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges at the entrance under ordinary condi- tions are 7.9 feet and about 11 feet, respectively, and at Tillamook City, 12 miles from the entrance, are about 6 feet and 10 feet, respectively. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1925, is $1,026,400, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1925) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $25,000 for entrance and bay channels. No provision was made for main- taining the jetty. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor acts of July 25, 1912, and March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 349, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of July 27, 1916, appropriated $5,000 for main- taining the channel between Bay City and Tillamook City, but no special report covers this item. The act of March 2, 1919, author- ized the abandonment of that portion of the project above Bay City (H. Doc. No. 730, 65th Cong., 2d sess.). The act of March 3, 1925, authorized the Miami Cove and Hobsonville Channel and the aban- donment of the Bay City Channel (H. Doc. No. 562, 68th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, as modified by the act of March 4, 1913, required local interests to ay one-half the total estimated cost of the improvement ($814,000) bae- 11714-ENG 1930-----116 1840 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 low Bay City and to create and maintain an effective channel 9 feet deep at mean high tide between Bay City and Tillamook. The neces- sary guaranties were furnished and approved by the Secretary of War August 4, 1913. At the close of the fiscal year 1918 the expendi- ture of funds contributed by local interests, consisting of the ports of Bay City and Tillamook, amounted to $407,721.40, of which $402,- 271.40 was expended by the United States for jetty construction and dredging on the present project and $5,450 for creating and main- taining the channel between Bay City and Tillamook. The sum of approximately $16,917.91 was previously expended for main- taining the inner channels by dredging. The act of March 2, 1919, modified the existing project to the extent of abandoning that portion of the project above Bay City and the cancellation of the bond and agreement covering the maintenance of the 9-foot channel between Bay City and Tillamook. The act of March 3, 1925, removed the conditions requiring local interests to contribute toward the first cost of future work on the project, and provided that no work is to be done in the IHobsonville Channel until assurance that a mill of substantial capacity will be erected in the vicinity of Hobsonville. The port of Bay City entered into a contract with the Tacoma Dredging Co. to excavate a basin and channel 16 feet deep at low water at the mouth of the Miami River, under department permit dated August 5, 1919. Dredging operations were begun August 14, 1920, and completed August 23, 1921. A total of 1,017,932 cubic yards of material was removed at a total cost of $248,253.09. Terminal facilities.-There are no publicly owned wharves on the bay. Tillamook, the principal town on the bay, 12 miles from the entrance, has about 1,000 feet of wharves fronting on Hoquarten Slough, all privately owned. About 230 feet of this frontage is open to all on equal terms. The remainder of the wharf frontage is used principally by the owners, and a spur track from the Southern Pa- cific Railroad parallels the slough at the shore ends of the wharves. The existing terminal facilities are believed to be sufficient for the present commerce. (For a full description see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work of improvement has made transportation by water safer, easier, and better. Vessels drawing as much as 18 feet can cross the ocean bar at high tide and enter the bay to the sawmill in Miami Cove, 31/2 miles inside of the ocean bar. A draft of 9 feet can be carried at mean high tide to Tillamook, 12 miles from the entrance. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging of the ocean bar and inside channel by the U. S. dredge Col. P. S. Michie began July 20, 1929, and was discontinued September 30, 1929, on account of stormy weather. The Michie removed 96,622 cubic yards of sand at a cost of $30,960.92, or 32 cents per cubic yard. When weather conditions were unfavorable for work on the ocean bar the Michie dredged in the 18-foot bay channel to Miami Cove. Owing to stormy weather and unfavorable bar conditions work was suspended in October, 1929, and was not resumed during the fiscal year, but it is expected to resume bar dredging in July, 1930. RIVERS AND HIARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1841 Specifications were being prepared at the end of the fiscal year with a view to extension and restoration of the north jetty to project dimensions. The total cost for the year was $38,541.05, all for maintenance. The total expenditures for the year amounted to $32,965.03. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 98 per cent completed. The jetty was completed to a length of 5,400 feet in October, 1917, and the 18-foot channel from the entrance to Miami Cove in August, 1917. The act of March 2, 1919, abandoned that portion of the existing project relating to the channel from Bay City to Tillamook. The act of March 3, 1925, abandoned the middle channel from the entrance to Bay City and adopted the project for dredging to Miami Cove and Hobsonville in the Bay City Channel, which follows the east shore of the bay. The Miami Channel is completed to Miami Cove, but no work will be done on the 16-foot Hobsonville Channel until navigation requires deeper water. The outer end of the jetty enrockment for about 900 feet in- shore has subsided to below low-water plane, and for the next 1,000 feet the top of the enrockment is about low-tide level. The remain- der of the enrockment is from 2 to 10 feet above high-tide level to the shore end of the jetty with the exception of one or two places where the crest of the enrockment is below high-tide level. A sur- vey of the entrance made at the close of the year shows a controlling depth of 14 feet in a channel 300 feet wide across the ocean bar. From the ocean bar to the bay there is a channel along the north jetty about 400 feet wide, with depths from 20 to 44 feet. The 18- foot bay channel to Miami Cove, completed in April, 1927, has shoaled and is being maintained by dredging. At the close of the year the controlling depth was 13 feet in the bay channel to Miami Cove. Boats drawing about 131/2 feet can enter the bay at high tide and proceed to the mill wharf in Miami Cove. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the year is as follows: United States Contributed Total funds funds New work ----------------------------------------- $574, 446. 78 $398, 832. 70 $973,279.48 Maintenance ... . . ..---------------------------------------- 110, 169. 89 5, 450. 00 115, 619. 89 Total.......-----------------------------------------684, 616. 67 404, 282. 70 1,088, 899.37 The total expenditures under the existing project were $1,088,371.78, of which $684,089.08 were United States funds and $404,282.70 contributed funds. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended July 1, 1930, to maintenance of bar and bay project channels: Operation of U. S. dredge Col. P. S. Michie, 3 2 months, at $13,000 per month -------------------------------------------- _ $45, 500. 00 Contingencies -------------------------------- ------------- 5, 203. 39 Total --------------------------------------------- 50, 703. 39 It is intended to start operations on the extension and restoration of the north jetty to full project dimensions during the fiscal year 1931. To date no funds have been allotted for this purpose, but it is 1842 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 expected to allot about $300,000 after bids have been canvassed. The available funds will be exhausted June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 will be applied as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dredge Col. P. S. Michie on ocean bar and bay channel, 18/4 months, at $13,000---------------------------$22, 750 Contingencies -------------------------------------------- 4, 250 Continuation of work on restoration of north jetty by contract or hired labor ------------------------------------------- 372,000 Total ---------------------------------------------- 399, 000 It is expected to defer the construction of the dikes provided under the existing project until such time as the need therefor is more apparent. Commercial statistics.-The ocean-going commerce of Tillamook Bay and 13ar during the calendar year 1929 amounted to 74,773 tons, valued at $1,039,491. Shipments consisted entirely of lumber; re- ceipts mainly of fuel oil and iron and steel. All of this commerce was destined to or from Garibaldi, Oreg., located on the bay, about 2 miles from the entrance. The local bay traffic for the year amounted to 52,640 tons, valued at $210,560, and consisted of rafted logs towed to Garibaldi from tributaries of the bay. The local bay traffic was handled by three towboat lines. The usual limits of draft of vessels handling the commerce over the bar is about 16 feet; the usual available draft of inland vessels operating on the bay, about 6 feet. Comparative statement Handled by ocean- Handled by inland river vessels 1 going vessels Year Tons Value Tons Value Passengers 1925----------------...-----........... ------------------ 23, 100 $392, 700 -.. 1926- 1927----- -------------------------------- 52, 423 728, 756 .............. 51,592 5,42-------------------------------- 799,135 845 $92,900 54 1928..------------------------------------- 96,033 1,202,086 137 43,840 ........... 1929----....----... -----........-------------------- 74,773 1, 039,491 Total 1 Floated and rafted logs and piling Year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value 1925-.----------- ----------------------- 23,100 $392,700 ......--...-....-.-.-----............ 1926.....-------------.....................--------------------........ 52, 423 728, 756 ------------ __55, 997 $447, 976 1927-- -.......---- .-.-------.-- -- 52, 437 892, 035 54 897 33, 588 135, 1928............._....................... ---- 96, 170 1, 245, 926- .----------- 96, 490 385,960 1929............................------ 74, 773 1,039,491 ------------ 52, 640 210,560 Exclusive of floated and rafted logs and piling handled by inland river vessels. There was a smaller log consumption and a consequent smaller lumber output at the mill at Garibaldi during the year, as compared with the preceding year 1928, thus accounting for the decrease in the commerce as noted in the foregoing comparative statement. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1843 Qost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--- _- ________ $651, 655. 70 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930- -____-......__-__-- 181, 668. 36 Total cost of permanent work to June 30,. 1930------------ 833, 324. 06 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930___ _________ -__________ 527. 59 Net total expenditures ____...... ----- __ ---- 832, 796. 47 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-----------------------------50, 703.39 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-___---- __ 883, 499. 86 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--......... _ ...... $177, 051. 03 $5, 859. 50 Cost of maintenance _ _ .-- -_____- _ $3, 068. 46 2, 321. 18 11,194.92 $38, 816. 21 $38, 541.05 Total cost ...._ ... _ _ _ . - 3, 068. 45 179, 372. 21 17, 054.42 38, 816. 21 38, 541.05 Total expended...-_________________-___-__ 3, 068. 45 179, 372. 21 17, 265.98 38, 514. 57 32,965.03 Allotted.. ... .. 135,000.00 ...----------------------- 86,000.00 17,000. 00 35,000.00 43,500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ -_____-____ ____ ____ _ $40, 160. 42 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------ 48, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for __-______-- ___________ 88, 668.42 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment- -_______-----5, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for_________________________ 83, 668. 42 Gross amount expended______________________-___ $34, 915.03 Less receipts from sales------------------------- 1, 950. 00 - 32, 965.03 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ______-____---____ 50, 703. 39 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 _______________________---_ 230. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930__________________________ 50, 473.39 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------ 32, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 2 ____________________________________ 399, 000. 00 COLUMBIA RIVER Location and description.-ColumbiaRiver rises in British Colum- bia, through which it flows for 425 miles. It enters the United States in northeastern Washington; flows southerly to the mouth of Snake River, thence westerly between Oregon and Washington, and emp- ties into the Pacific Ocean 610 miles north of San Francisco Bay and 160 miles south of the Straits of Juan de Fuca. The total length of the river is nearly 1,200 miles; drainage area, 259,000 square miles; extreme low water flow above the mouth of the Willamette about 50,000, and maximum discharge of record about 1,160,000 cubic feet per second. The average summer freshet discharge due to melting snows in the upper watershed is about 660,000 second feet. The mean low water flow below the mouth of the Willamette is about 70,000 1 Does not include $404,282.70 contributed by local interests and expended on this project. 2 Exclusive of avai'able funds. REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S.ARMY, 1930 second feet, exclusive of tide water. The effect of tides is observed on the Columbia to a point about 36 miles above Vancouver and on the Willamette to about 11 miles above Portland. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 5902, 6151, 6152, 6153, 6154, 6155, and 6146; also Geological Survey map of Washington.) The bed and banks of the river from the international boundary to Vancouver are rock, gravel, and sand, and the width varies from a few hundred feet in some of the rapids to about 3,000 feet. Below Vancouver the bed is composed mostly of sand, and width varies from about 2,000 to 20,000 feet. Usually for a period averaging about two weeks annually the Columbia above Vancouver is closed to navigation on account of ice. The river below the international boundary is divided by physical characteristics into several sections, as shown in the following table. Five of these sections are under improvement. Section Dis- Fall Currents Remarks Miles Feet International boundary to mouth 424 1, 000 Swift, and rap- Under Seattle (Wash.) district. Snake River. ids. Snake River to Head CeliloFalls 124 185 -.... do-....... Open river improvement. (p. 1877). Head Celilo Falls to The Dalles 12 82 Rapids-........ Dalles-Celilo Canal and Locks. (p. 1873). The Dalles to head of Cascades... 41 4 Moderate..... Natural 8-foot channel. Head of Cascades to Warrendale 7 37 Rapids----....... Cascades Canal and Locks. 4% (p. 1870). miles under improvement. Warrendale to Vancouver-........ 36 5 Fairly swift._. Tidal, unimproved, 8-foot channel. Vancouver to the mouth (p. 1849) 1033 5. 6 Tidal- ..-.... Improved for ocean-going vessels. Mouth of Columbia (p. 1844) ......................... do_-...... Do. 9. COLUMBIA RIVER AT THE MOUTH, OREG. AND WASH. Location and escription.-The mouth of the Columbia River is 610 miles north of San Francisco Harbor and 160 miles south of the Straits of Juan de Fuca. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 5902 and 6151. For description of the Columbia River, see preceding paragraph.) Original condition.-There were from one to three channels across the bar, and these varied from time to time both in location and depth. The depths were from 19 to 21 feet at mean lower low water, and the outer ends of the channels shifted over the bar between Cape Disappointment and Point Adams over a distance of about 6 miles. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884. The cost and expenditures on this project prior to adoption of the existing project in 1905 were $1,986,253.14, including $17,500 previously expended for survey, etc.; all for new work. For further details of previous project see page 1999 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel across the bar 40 feet deep at mean lower low water, and of suitable width (not less than one-half mile), to be secured by dredging and by converging rubble-mound jetties, the south jetty being about 7 miles and the north jetty about 21/2 miles long, terminating 2 miles north of the end of the south jetty. The tidal range on the bar between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is about 8 feet and RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1845 the extreme tidal range is about 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work was as follows: For the south jetty extension, revised in 1909, $8,014,164; for the north jetty, revised in 1913, $5,966,573; and for remodeling and operating the dredge, made in 1905, $250,000; a total of $14,230,737, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1905, made final provision for the south jetty, the construction of the north jetty, and dredging (H. Doc. No. 94, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1903, p. 2275). The construction of the north jetty was approved July 29, 1910, and a modification of its alignment December 27, 1913. The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1921, opposite page 1.868. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The existing project contains no conditions requiring local cooperation. However, during 1914 the port of Port- land contributed $475,000 and the port of Astoria $25,000 to this improvement. These amounts have been expended, the greater part having been applied to the purchase of stone for the north jetty. Terminal facilities.-For terminal and transfer facilities served by improvement see report on Columbia and Lower Willamette Rivers. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made it possible for the largest vessels operating on the Pacific coast to enter and leave at any stage of the tide and in any weather except during the most severe storms. Bar-bound vessels, once so common, are now, on account of improved conditions, rarely to be seen. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Work consisted in care and salvage of plant and materials and making a hydrographic survey of the mouth of the river. All work was done by hired labor and Government plant. The total cost, after making adjust- ments for sale of plant, was $1,537.92, for maintenance. The total expenditure was $1,939.82. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1918 at a saving of $2,873,231 under the estimated cost. Condition of the south jetty so far as can be observed has changed very little in the last three years. The enrockment stands at eleva- tions of 0 to 10 or 12 feet above mean lower low water from the shore line on Clatsop Spit westward to a point about three-fourths mile from the sea end, from which point it slopes down into deep water. This jetty is in fair condition. The north jetty is in good condition, with enrockment for the greater part 10 feet or more above high tide. A survey made in May, 1930, shows the channel westward from ends of the jetties to have at least the project depth of 40 feet at mean lower low water for a width of 8,000 feet and depths of 46 to 48 feet for a width of 3,500 feet. The channel loca- tion has not changed materially, but the spit beyond the end of the north jetty has scoured somewhat and area to south of the south jetty has deepened. The shore line of Clatsop Spit in the vicinity of the south jetty is also receding at the rate of about 100 feet per annum. A draft of 35 feet is practicable at mean lower low water under ordinary conditions. The total cost of the existing .1846 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1980 project to the end of the fiscal year was $13,717,150.97, not in- cluding $475,000 and $25,000 contributed by the ports of Portland and Astoria, respectively, and expended or new work. Of this amount $11,357,506.35 was for new work and $2,359,644.62 for main- tenance. The total expenditure was $13,717,017.13. Proposed op!eratios.-It is proposed to apply part of the funds unexpended July 1, 1930, as follows: Maintenance : Care, salvage, etc., of property------------------------------- $500 Hydrographic surveys and investigations of jetties, etc.-------- 2,500 Contingencies----------------------------------------------500 Total ---------------------------------------------- 3, 500 No additional funds are required for the fiscal year 1932, as the balance remaining ($6,653.73) .after work referred to above is com- pleted, will be sufficient. Commercial statistics.-There is noted an increase of about 130,- 000 tons in the volume of commerce passing over the Columbia River bar during the calendar year 1929, as compared with that of the preceding year 1928. The number of trips of vessels handling the freight was also greater, the percentage of increase being some- what larger than the increase in the volume of freight handled. It is estimated that about 25 per cent of the commerce is moved in vessels which require the full project depth for their accommodation. Comparative statement Freight Freight Year Passengers Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925 .....- 5, 235, 882 $268, 146, 344 20, 195 1928-..... 6, 966, 340 $338, 306, 192 13, 903 1926 -..... 6, 296, 683 315, 139, 879 16, 253 1929-.......7, 096, 332 349, 457, 300 15, 324 1927........ 6,711, 020 318, 624, 554 18, 904 All of the ocean-going commerce, reported under " Columbia and Lower Willamette Rivers below Vancouver, Wash., and Portland, Oreg.," applies to " Columbia River at the mouth, Oregon and Wash- ington," and by referring to the commercial statistics related therein, the character of the commerce and vessel movement may be obtained in detail. Cost and financial summary Cost of- new work to June 30, 1930____ $13,343,759.49 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-----------------------2, 359, 644. 62 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 - - 115, 703, 404. 11 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 -__ _....-- 133. 84 Net total expenditures_ __________ 15, 703, 270. 27 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------- 10, 153. 73 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ----- 15. 713. 424. 00 1 Does not include $500,000 contributed funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND,. OREG., DISTRICT 1847 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work -------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance ------------------- $6,940.04 $4, 816.98 $3,481.37 -$474. 39 $1, 537. 92 Total expended......_.--------_-_-- 6, 940. 04 4, 816.98 2,053.85 417.39 1,939.82 Allotted _. .---......... I ----- I----- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ------ $12, 093.55 Gross amount expended 511.38 $--------------------------2, Less receipts from sales------------- 571. 56 1, 939. 82 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 10, 153.73 10. SKIPANON CHANNEL, OREG. Location and description.-Skipanon Channel is a tidal waterway extending south 1.8 miles from deep water in Columbia River to the city of Warrenton, Oreg. The channel enters the Columbia about 10 miles above its mouth and 4 miles below Astoria, Oreg. Skipanon River, which discharges through the channel, has a length of about 10 miles and drainage area of about 15 square miles. The flow in Skipanon Channel is due, almost entirely to tidal variations which average about 71/2 feet in range. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey Chart No. 6151.) Original condition.-Before improvement by the local interests, Skipanon River was a narrow, crooked stream, with a depth near the city of Warrenton sufficient for ordinary river steamboats, but outside the mouth of the river proper, and between there and deep water in the Columbia, there was a wide mud flat over which the depth was only about 1 foot at mean lower low water. In 1918 the city of Warrenton constructed a timber bulkhead on each side of the channel across the mud flat and dredged between the bulkheads, and upstream as far as the railroad bridge at War- renton to a depth of 20 feet and width of 100 feet. In 1922 the channel was dredged by local interests to a depth of 25 feet as far as the Prouty mill dock. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep at mean lower low water and generally 200 feet wide extending from deep water in Columbia River to the railroad bridge at Warrenton, Oreg., a distance of 1.8 miles, and for a turning basin. The channel is to be obtained and maintained by dredging and the maintenance of existing bulkheads (the latter by local interests). The tidal range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is about 8 feet; the extreme tidal range is about 12 feet. The estimated cost of new work, made in 1928, is $135,000, with $15,000 for annual maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. (H. Doc. No. 278, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) This docu- ment contains the latest published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. 1848 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Local cooperation.-The existing project is conditioned upon the provisions that local interests shall maintain at their own expense the timber bulkheads along the channel, shall furnish free of cost to the United States suitable areas for the disposal of dredged material and necessary rights of way for the channel and turning basin, and shall secure the United States from liability for dam- ages resulting from dredging the channel and turning basin. None of these provisions have yet been met. Before adoption of the project, the local interests and the port of Astoria constructed the timber bulkheads and dredged the chan- nel at a total cost of about $560,000. Terminal facilities.-The city of Warrenton owns an open wharf, with 300-foot frontage, located at the upper end of the channel, and the Prouty Lumber Co. has a lumber wharf with 500-foot frontage used for making shipments of lumber from its plant. The Smiley Mill also has a wharf with 300-foot frontage, but this has not been used some time as the mill has not been operated. Both of these saw mills are connected by spur tracks with the Spokane, Portland & Seattle Railway. These facilities are considered ade- quate for the present needs of commerce. Effect of improvement.-No improvement work has yet been done under- the project, but the work previously done by the local inter- ests has made it possible to make shipments of lumber in vessels of moderate draft, where formerly lumber was lightered to Astoria or shipped by rail at an increased cost for transportation in either case. Numerous fishing boats and other small craft can now reach Warrenton at any stage of the tide. Operations and results during the flscdl year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done on the project. The channel has a depth of 19 feet at mean lower low water, for a width of about 100 feet. Drafts of 17 feet are practicable at low tide and about 24 feet at high tide. No expenditures have been made on the existing project. Proposed operations.-None. The relative desirability of the im- provement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The ocean-going commerce during the cal- endar year 1929, amounted to 32,019 tons2 valued at $432,256. For- eign exports 16,382 tons; and coastwise shipments 15,637 tons. The commerce consisted entirely of lumber. The usual limit of draft of vessels was from 15 to 20 feet. Inland river traffic for year 1929 consisted mainly of fish, fish products, and logs. Comparative statement (Handled by ocean-going vessels) Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1925-.......- 52, 602 $736, 428 None. 1928-....-. . 71, 509 $965, 371 None. 1926---------- 67, 533 927, 070 None. 1929....---------- 32, 019 432, 256 None. 1927- - 57, 310 829, 219 None. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1849 Traffic handled by inland river vessels to and from this port could not be ascertained with any degree of accuracy. Cost aid financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930____________________ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930______----------- -------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------- ------------------------------------ $135,000 11. COLUMBIA AND LOWER WILLAMETTE RIVERS BELOW VAN- COUVER, WASH., AND PORTLAND, OREG. Location and description.-This improvement embraces 1031/2 miles of Columbia River below Vancouver, Wash., and 14 miles of Willamette River below Portland, Oreg. For description of Co- lumbia River see page 1843, and of Willamette River page 1859. Original condition.-The channel between Portland and Van- couver and the sea was obstructed by numerous sand bars, in which were comparatively narrow channels with depths varying from 10 to 15 feet at low water. The city of Portland, on the Willamette River, 113 miles above the mouth of the Columbia River, was the head of deep-water navigation. Previous projects.-Some relief dredging was done between 1866 and 1876. Previous projects were adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 18, 1878; July 13, 1892; and were modified by the acts of July 13, 1892; June 13, 1902; and March 3, 1905. The cost and expenditures on these projects prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1913, and including the relief dredging were $1,529,413.14 for new work and $1,214,864.79 for maintenance, a total of $2,744,277.93. For further details of previous projects see pages 1995 and 1998 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 35 feet deep and .500 feet wide in the Columbia River from its mouth to the mouth of the Willamette, 99 miles, and thence up the Willamette to Portland, about 14 miles; 25 feet deep and 300 feet wide in the Columbia from the mouth of the Willamette to Vancouver, Wash., 41/2 miles; and auxiliary channels 10 feet deep and 300 feet wide' in the vicinity of Cathlamet, Wash., and 25 feet deep and 300 feet wide connecting deep water in Willamette slough at St. Helens, Oreg., with deep water in the Columbia, about 2 miles, and the construction of stone and pile dikes and revetments. The plane of reference in the estuary from the mouth to Harrington Point is mean lower low water; thence to Portland and Vancouver, low water. The tidal range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water at the mouth of the Columbia is about 8 feet, and at Portland and Vancouver about 21/2 feet at low stages of the rivers. Extreme tidal ranges are about 12 feet and 3 feet, respectively. Annual freshets have but little effect on depths at the mouth of the Columbia; at Portland and Vancouver they average about 21 feet, while the highest known reached a stage of 33 feet above low water. The estimate of cost for new work exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, revised in 1930, is $3,466,000, including the dike construction authorized in 1912 and 1922, and for a channel 1850 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 35 feet deep by 500 feet wide, but not including work contributed by the port of Portland nor the estimate of $750,000 for a new dredge authorized by Congress in 1922 for better maintenance, nor enlarge- ment of the channel from the mouth of the Willamette to Vancouver, authorized by the act of March 3, 1925, estimated to cost $123,000. The (1930) approved estimate for annual maintenance is $705,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 18, 1878, provided for the dike at St. Helens bar (Annual Report for 1877, p. 1019); the act of July 13, 1892, provided for the closing dike at head of Oregon slough and dikes at Deer Island and Walker Island (H. Doc. Nos. 36 and 38, 52d Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of June 13, 1902, provided for replacing the revetment of Coon Island (H. Doc. No. 673, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of February 27, 1911, provided for two pipe-line dredges and accessories, and the act of July 25, 1912, provided for increasing the main channel depth to 30 feet (H. Doc. No. 1278, 61st Cong., 3d sess.); the act of July 27, 1916, combined the improvements below Portland, Oreg., and between Vancouver, Wash., and the mouth of the Willamette (without prior report); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for Cathlamet Channel (H. Doc. No. 120, 63d Cong., 1st sess.); the act of September 22, 1922, authorized the construction of an additional dredge (which was not built) and accessories for better maintenance, and the construction of contraction works (H. Doc. 1009, 66th Cong., 3d sess.); Public resolution No. 105, Sixty-seventh Con- gress, approved March 4, 1923, provided for the channel from deep water in Willamette slough to deep water in Columbia River (H. Doc. No. 156, 67th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of March 3, 1925, provided for enlarged channel dimensions from the mouth of the Willamette River to Vancouver, Wash., (H. Doc. No. 126, 68th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 3, 1927, authorized the closing of the east channel at Swan Island in the Willamette River, on condition that the main channel be opened to project dimensions on the west side of the island by the port of Portland (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 10, 69th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for a 35-foot channel 500 feet wide from Portland to the sea (H. Doc. No. 195, 70th Cong., 1st sess., and R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 8, 71st Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1911, page 2606, and House Document No. 879, Sixty-third Congress, second session, and 195, Seventieth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Underthe provisions of House Document No. 1278, Sixty-first Congress, third session, adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, and House Document No. 1009, Sixty- sixth Congress, third session, adopted by act of September 22, 1922, this project is conditioned upon cooperation by local interests, to the extent that the port of Portland shall assist, if necessary, in the work of improving and maintaining the channel in the Columbia River, and shall be solely responsible for obtaining and maintaining the project channel in the Willamette River. This cooperation is being carried out by the port of Portland, which has at present four pipe-line dredges for use on this work. Under previous and existing projects up to December 31, 1928, the port dredges have removed about 94,878,600 cubic yards of material from the ship channel and in opening up the west channel RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1851 at Swan Island, at an approximate cost of $5,645,000, and about $469,000 has been expended by the port on the construction of dikes. The port of Portland also contributed $16,819.82, which was ex- pended for maintenance dredging. The river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925, in authorizing the increased channel dimensions in the Columbia River between the mouth of the Willamette River and Vancouver, provides that the original cost of dredging the new channel (estimated at $30,000), and the cost of dike construction to an amount not to exceed $93,000 shall be borne by local interests. Under this provision the port of Vancouver has paid for the original dredging $15,580, and $66,420 has been contributed for dike construction. The total contributed is $82,000. The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, pro- vides that the balance of funds to be contributed shall be made available at the rate of about $10,000 per year. Under previous projects, while not required by law, the port of Vancouver also contributed. $7,500 for operation of U. S. dredge Oregon, $15,000 in the construction of dikes, and about $5,000 for relief dredging. The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, authorizes the 35-foot channel, subject to the provisions that the port of Portland shall be solely responsible for obtaining and maintaining a channel of at least project dimensions in the Willamette River, including the shoal just outside its mouth, and, when requested by the district engineer, shall assist in the work of improving and maintaining the channel in the Columbia River by loaning to the United States, for operation in the Columbia River portion of the project for a total of not exceeding six dredge months annually during the critical period following summer freshets, hydraulic pipe-line dredges in good operating condition, with full equipment and crew, without charge other than reimbursement to the port of Portland for the operating costs of such dredges on a basis approved by the Chief of Engineers. These conditions have not been complied with. Terminal facilities.-At Portland, Oreg., there are under public ownership four terminals for general cargo. In connection with one terminal is a grain elevator of 1,000,000 bushels capacity and large bunkers with car-tipping machinery and conveyors for han- dling miscellaneous bulk cargo, coal, etc., and a cold-storage ware- house for fresh fruits, oil tanks, etc. There is one dry dock of 10,000 tons and another of 15,000 tons capacity, both under public ownership and operation. Under private ownership, but open to all on equal terms, are 9 general cargo, 6 grain and flour, 8 lum- ber. 8 crude oil and gasoline terminals, besides outfitting and storage wharves. The berthing capacity of all terminals is at present about 37,000 linear feet. All the principal terminals are connected with the seven railroads serving the port through the tracks of the Northern Pacific Terminal Co. and other railroads. At Astoria, Oreg., there is a large municipal terminal with large grain elevator and coal bunkers in connection. The berthing space at this terminal available for deep-draft vessels is about 6,500 linear feet. There are also 13 private docks used for shipment of canned salmon, lumber, and flour, and for the receiving of coal, oil, and general merchandise. The frontage of private terminals is about 5,400 linear feet. 1852 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 At Vancouver, Wash., there is a municipal terminal wharf with 1,200 feet frontage. There are also other privately owned wharves for shipment of lumber and other commodities. At Kalama, Wash., there is a municipal wharf with 500 feet frontage. The port of Longview has a public terminal on the Columbia River at Longview, Wash., with 1,540 feet frontage, and the Long- Bell Lumber Co. and Weyerhaeuser Timber Co. have wharves with 2,000 feet and 1,800 feet frontage, respectively, in the same vicinity for the shipment of lumber. At other small towns on the Columbia River between Portland and Astoria there are sufficient private facilities to accommodate the river steamers, and at seven points there are large sawmill docks used entirely for the shipment of lumber in ocean-going carriers. These facilities, with the planned extensions, are considered ade- quate for the present needs of commerce. (For description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 11, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improverent.---The improvement has greatly increased the draft of vessels that can ascend to Portland and Vancouver, and has enabled steamship lines to operate on regular schedules. Vessels now arrive and depart from Portland at all hours. There is a large saving in freights on the commerce handled in ocean-going vessels on the lower Columbia and Willamette Rivers between Portland and Astoria and vice versa. The savings during 1929 on a total of 6,675,845 tons handled above Astoria are estimated at about $16,000,000. On receipts of petroleum products alone (2,153,268 tons during 1929) there was an estimated saving of $3.10 per ton, or a total of $6,675,130. The above figures are based on the approximate cost of rail haul as an alternative. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging was done by United States dredges at Flavel, upper Sands, Tongue Point, No. 2 Beacon, Harrington Point, Elliott, Pillar Rock, Brook- field, Wauna, Fisher Island, Walker Island, Slaughters, Dobel- bower, Kalama, St. Helens, Willow, Morgan and Vancouver bars in the Columbia River. Dredging was carried to depths of 31 to 35 feet at low water and to a minimum width of 300 feet, except in the channel to Vancouver, where a minimum depth of 261/2 feet and width of 300 feet was obtained. The dredge Multnomah, Wahkiacuqm, and Clatsop were used on this work, excavating a total of 5,421,996 cubic yards, covering a total length of 133,900 feet of channel. Other work consisted in repairing dikes damaged by ice, repair of plant, surveys, and miscellaneous work; all with United States funds. All work except some of the repairs to plant was done by hired labor with Government plant. The cost of the principal classes of work were as follows: Dike imaintenance---------------------------------------- $3, 859. 92 Maintenance dredging, 5,421,996 cubic yards------------------- 252, 684. 57 Surveys, etc. ------------------------------------------ 27, 339. 01 The total cost of the work of maintenance during the fiscal year was $284,285.17. The total expenditures for the year were $380,686.83. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND OREG., DISTRICT 1853 Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has yet been done on the modified project providing for main channel dimensions of 35 by 500 feet. The 30-foot channel project was practically completed at the end of the year. Ninety-two dikes have been constructed, in- cluding five built by the port of Portland and nine by the port of Vancouver. All dikes except three are in good condition. Work to be done under the existing (modified) project consists in the construction of additional dikes and in dredging. The channel is in excellent condition. A draft of 29 feet is practicable at low tide throughout the year and by taking advantage of the tide drafts of 30 to 31 feet are practicable. The least depth referred to low water datum at the end of June, 1930, was 29 feet at Wauna bar, where at existing river stage the depth was 32 feet at low tide and 37 feet at high tide. In Willamette River the port of Portland maintained channel depths in general greater than project requirements. To Vancouver a draft of 23 feet is practicable from August to October, 25 feet from November to March, and 27 feet from April to July, with corresponding available river stages of 3 to 1, 1 to 4, and 4 to 7 feet, respectively. The total cost of the work under the existing project was $7,246,- 890.41, of which $1,998,703.15 was for new work and $5,248,187.26 for maintenance, not including $82,000 for new work, and $24,319.82 for maintenance from contributed funds. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the year were $8,133,651.17, from United States funds and $106,319.82 from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended July 1, 1930, to new work and maintenance, as follows: New work: Spur dike construction, 2,200 feet, at $22 per foot ._-- $48, 400. 00 Maintenance : Operation and repair hopper dredge Clatsop, 10 months, at $13,000, and 2 months, at $10,009 per month --------------- 150, 000.00 Operation and repair pipe-line dredges Multnomah and Wafh- kiakum, 5 months, at $13,000, and 7 months, at $2,850 each per month_ ---------------------------------------------- 169, 900. 00 Operation and repair tug Mendell on surveys, etc.----------- 31, 000. 00 Repairs to existing works ------------------------------- 10, 000.00 Outstanding liabilities-------------------------------------- 36, 000. 00 Contingencies ---------------------------------------------- 39, 738. 96 Total---------------- ---------------------------------- 485, 038. 96 New work will be done during months of September to November, 1930, and in June, 1931. Maintenance work will be carried on and funds expended at a practically uniform rate and will be exhausted June 30, 1931. The additional sum of $712,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: New work: Spur dike construction, 6,600 linear feet---------------------- $200, 000 Dredging, 2 pipe-line dredges, 2 months------------------------ 62, 000 Total----------------------------------------------------- 262, 000 1854 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Maintenance : Dredging, 1 hopper dredge, 12 months, 2 pipe-line dredges, 10 months --------------------------------------------- $274, 000 Operation and repair tug Mendell on surveys, etc.-------------- 30, 000 Repairs to existing works_--- .... ---- ________-----1_ 15, 000 Replacing wooden plant attendant to pipe-line dredges mah and Wahkliakum, as follows: tno- Mu 4 steel anchor scows ---------------------------------- 36, 000 60 steel pontoons, catamaran type---------------------- 45,000 Contingencies --------------------------------------- 50, 000 Total------- ------------------------------------ 450, 000 Total for new work and maintenance--__ __ - _____-- 712, 000 Commercial statistics.--The ocean-going commerce, during the calendar year 1929, amounted to 7,096,332 tons, valued at $349,457,- 300. Foreign imports were 146,792 tons; foreign exports, 2,107,876 tons; coastwise receipts, 2,925,550 tons; and coastwise shipments, 1,916,114 tons. The commerce consisted of the following principal commodities: Imports: Copra, linseed oil and meal, sugar, bags and burlap, hemp, silk, paper, woodplup, cement, coke, iron and steel, chemicals, and merchandise. Exports: Canned goods fresh and dried fruits, flour, wheat, logs and piling, lumber, paper, iron and steel. Coastwise receipts: Canned goods, fresh fruits and vegetables, sugar, coffee, tobacco, dry goods, logs, paper and paper goods, cement, petroleum products, salt, sulphur, iron and steel products, tin plate, automobiles and parts, electrical goods, chemicals, and merchandise. Coastwise shipments: Canned goods, flour, fruits and vegetables, mill feed and meal, wheat, seeds, wool, logs and piling, lumber and millwork, paper, manufactured metals, and merchandise. The commerce was, on the whole, about 130,000 tons in excess of that for the preceding year. There was practically no change in the foreign-import tonnage, but exports, due mainly to a larger trade in logs, lumber, and flour, increased about 41,000 tons. Foreign ex- ports of wheat were smaller. Coastwise receipts of petroleum prod- ucts, which constitute about 75 per cent of this trade, were increased by about 160,000 tons. A total of about 81,000 tons of rafted logs received on the river during the year, helped to effect the consider- able increase in the tonnage received from coastwise ports. Coast- wise shipments, owing to a smaller movement of lumber, were con- siderably reduced. There were 2,189 arrivals and 2,191 departures of ocean-going vessels in connection with the above commerce. Of the larger ves- sels, 9 had drafts varying from 30 to 32 feet; 17, from 29 to 30 feet; 230, from 27 to 29 feet; and 369, from 25 to 27 feet. Comparative statement of ocean-going traffic Freight Freight Year Passengers Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925-........ 5,235, 882 $268, 146, 344 20, 195 1928 ._ 6, 966, 340 $338, 306, 192 13, 903 1926........ 6, 296, 683 315, 139, 879 16, 253 1929........ 7, 096, 332 349, 457, 300 15, 324 1927........ 6, 711,020 318, 624, 554 18, 904 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1855 It is apparent from the above comparative statement that the ocean-going commerce of the river is growing steadily, both in the volume of freight handled and in the number of trips of the vessels handling the freight. It is estimated that fully 65 per cent of the commerce moved in vessels which required the full project depth for their accommodation. All of the commerce reported in the statement was unloaded or loaded at ports on the Columbia and Willamette Rivers, and about 75 per cent was carried the entire distance between Portland and the mouth of the Columbia. The inland river traffic, for the year 1929, consisted mainly of animal and vegetable products, logs, lumber, paper, hogged wood, petroleum products, sand and gravel, stone, iron and steel, machin- ery, and merchandise. A considerable increase is noted in this traffic as compared to that of the year 1928. This is due to a much larger movement of logs, lumber, and fuel oil. Other commodities were, in the main, some- what reduced in tonnage. Comparative statement of inland river traffic Freight 1 Rafted logs and piling Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925__ . ___-___ _____-------------... 2, 421,359 $42, 056, 366 2, 791,055 $21, 623, 870 90, 268 1926........... ..______........__ __..... 2, 345, 923 41, 776, 935 2, 324, 075 18, 563, 030 87, 351 1927_____...... _..._ _..__ .... __ __ _ 2, 331,859 40, 914, 764 5, 436, 540 22, 058, 049 71,009 ..... 1928_----__ ________--------...____ 2, 013, 775 45, 236, 888 5, 737, 846 23, 137, 327 68, 655 1929.._____- .. -_____________--___ ______ 2, 221, 885 37, 548, 052 6, 529, 543 26, 244, 712 61, 357 1 Exclusive of rafted logs and piling. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------ --- $3, 528, 116. 29 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------6, 446, 232. 23 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 974, 348. 52 9---------9, Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ----------- 918, 491.34 Net total cost to June 30, 1930------------------------ 10, 892, 839. 86 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------ 12, 990. 19 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930--------------------- 10, 905, 830. 05 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------- 27, 900. 95 Net total expenditures-------------------------------- 10, 877, 929. 10 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 485, 038. 96 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 11, 362, 968. 06 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------.... - Cost of maintenance----.......--------- __ -___ -- $133, 904. 42 -491, 027. 22 $86, 620. 57 384, 762. 63 $388, 279. 66 __ $72 783. 32 -$19, 396, 256. 01 285.17 $284, - Total cost__...-.---------------._ 624, 931. 64 471, 383. 20 388, 279. 66 416, 039. 33 284, 285. 17 Total expended,---------------------- 624, 931. 64 471,383. 20 384, 101. 33 372, 178. 48 380, 686. 83 Allotted -----------------------------. . 280, 000. 00 350, 000. 00 349, 725. 00 00 299, 500. 532, 400. 00 1 Does not include $98,819.82 contributed funds. 11714--ENG 1930---117 1856 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------ $333, 325. 79 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved: June 30, 1922-__ _____ $1, 500.00 February 23, 1927------------------------------- 5, 500. 00 March 23, 1928---------------------------------- 8, 500. 00 September 22, 1922------------------------------ 10, 000. 00 May 28, 1930---------------------------------- 432, 400.00 February 28, 1929 - 74, 500. 00 532, 400. 00 Amount to be accounted for______________ 865, 725. 79 Gross amount expended---------------------------- 382, 995.22 Less receipts from sales _____ - 2, 308. 39 -__-___-____ -_______ 380, 686. 83 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 485, 038. 96 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---------------------- 36, 000. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------ ---- 449, 038. 96 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930--- -------------------------- 12, 990. 19 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1.930---------------- 462, 029. 15 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1_-----------------------------_ 1, 418, 900. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work -------------------------------------------- 262, 000. 00 For maintenance 1-----------------------------------------450, 000. 00 Total --------------------------------------------------- 712, 000. 00 12. CLATSKANIE RIVER, OREG. Location and description.-The Clatskanie River rises in the Coast Range in the State of Oregon, flows northwesterly about 28 miles, and empties through Beaver and Wallace Sloughs into the Columbia River 65 miles below Portland. The drainage area is about 100 square miles and the estimated low-water discharge during Septem- ber and October is about 100 to 150 second-feet. The stream is tidal to Clatskanie, 11/2 miles, and the fall per mile at low water is small. The average width between the banks is about 75 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6152.) Original condition.-The river was winding, with numerous sharp bends and a minimum usable depth ranging from about 2 to 5 feet at low water. Clatskanie, about 4 miles above the connection of Wallace Slough with the Columbia River, was and is the head of navigation. The stream was used for logging for a farther distance of about 12 miles. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, and the cost and expenditures thereunder prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1922 were $39,026.29, of which $15,537.30 was for new work and $23,488.99 was for maintenance. For further details of original project see page 2000 of Annual Report for 1915. xExlusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DIS'BICT 1857 Existing project.-This provides for dredging and maintaining a through channel 6 feet deep and 40 feet wide from the town of Clats- kanie to Columbia River, a distance of about 4 miles. The variation of water levels due to tides is about 4 feet and to freshets about 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1915, was $4,620 and for maintenance, revised in 1924, $7,000 annually. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for improvement below Clatskanie (H. Doc. No. 218, 55th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for dredging from Clatskanie to the railroad bridge (H. Doc. No. 633, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of July 18, 1918, provided for the maintenance from the mouth to Clatskanie without prior printed report; and the act of September 22, 1922, provided for improvement and maintenance from the town of Clats- kanie to the Columbia River (H. Doc. No. 698, 64th Cono., 1st sess.). For latest published map see House Document No. 698, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The existing project contains no conditions requiring local cooperation. The Columbia Agricultural Co. and the citizens of Clatskanie, however, subscribed funds which were ex- pended in dredging a cut-off of project width and depth and ap- proximately 1,000 feet long across a bend near the mouth of the river and in other dredging in Clatskanie River and Beaver Slough. Terminal facilities.-A dock and warehouse at Ciatskanie is owned by the transportation company operating on the stream, and, as the traffic is local, the terminal facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. A public landing is provided for gasoline boats and small craft. On Beaver Slough, which is the connecting water- way between the Columbia River and the mouth of the Clatskanie River, there are five private docks at which the regular steamboat service makes way landings. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The deepening of the channel between the Columbia River and the town of Clatskanie has facilitated water-borne commerce. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging was carried on by the IT. S. bucket dredge Monticello between the town of Clat- skanie and Columbia River. The dredge removed 8,809 cubic yards of material from the channel at a cost of $2,126.48 for maintenance. The channel was restored to project dimensions, 6 feet deep at low water and 40 feet wide on the bottom. The total expenditures during the fiscal year amounted to $2,615.82. The work was done with Government plant and hired labor. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1924 at a saving of $917 under the estimated cost. The channel is in good condition, the project width and depth obtaining. Total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $37,552.45, of which $3,703.34 was for new work and $33,849.11 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $37,552.45. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended July 1, 1930, to maintenance, as follows: 1858 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1930 Locality surveys-------------------------------------------------- $400. 00 Operation and rental of Government or hired plant, 1 months -- 4, 200. 00 Contingencies ----------------------------------------------------- 547. 55 Total-----------------------------------------------------5, 147. 55 The monthly rate of expenditure of funds will be about $2,250 for two months and $65 for 10 months. The available funds will be exhausted about June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Operation and rental of Government or hired plant, 1/2 months $4, 200 ------ Local survey-------------------------------------------------------- 300 Total----------------------------- 4, 500 Maintenance of the channel is required annually in order to re- move the deposits caused by freshets and tidal action. Commercial statistics.-During the calendar year 1929 a total of 228,720 tons of freight, valued at $1,292,700, was handled on the river. The traffic consisted principally of rafted logs and piling dumped into the river about a mile downstream from Clatskanie. Of these logs and piling, about 60,000 tons were towed to the lower end of Wallace Slough, converted into rafts of about 15,000 tons each, and towed out of the Columbia River to California ports. The balance was towed to various ports on the Columbia and Willamette Rivers for manufacture. The balance of the traffic, 4,158 tons, was composed mainly of animal and vegetable food products, shingles, cement, fuel oil and general merchandise. Comparative statement Freight 1 Rafted logs and piling Year Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value 1925 ........------------.......... ---------------------------- 28, 575 $1, 492, 643 31 170, 000 $1, 317, 500 1926 ..--_---------------------------------- 6, 709 462, 973 0 120, 000 960, 000 1927 ..........------------------------------------ 2,058 224, 169 0 324, 000 1, 296, 000 1928-- ---------------------------------------- 4, 816 414,766 0 272, 000 1, 088, 000 1929--------- ------ ------------------------- 4, 158 386, 882 0 224, 562 905, 818 1 Exclusive of rafted logs and piling. The output of logs and piling on the Clatskanie River was con- siderably less than in the preceding year 1928. Other commodities were also decreased, generally, in tonnage with the exception of the movement of general merchandise which was larger. The traffic was handled by one freight and passenger line and four towboat lines. The usual limit of draft was about 6 feet. With the exception of logs and piling, the movement of which extended over about 75 per cent of stretch under improvement, all freight was handled the entire length of the project from Clatskanie to the Columbia River. RIVERS AND HARBORS--PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1859 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_------------------------ $19, 240. 64 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 __-- ___--__-____-57, 338.10 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-----------76, 578. 74 Net total expenditures ----------------------------------- 76, 578. 74 UIexpended balance June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 5, 147. 55 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 81,726. 29 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost ofnew work..--------- -- ------------ ----------------- -------------------- Cost of maintenance------------ ----- $4,657.32 $4,385. 19 $4,001. 47 $3, 855.64 $2, 615. 82 Total expended--.......----------------------- 4,657. 32 4,385. 19 4, 294. 69 3, 562. 42 2, 615. 82 5,000.00 7,000.00 2, 500.00 3, 000.00 Allotted.................................-------------------------- 500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 __________ $7, 263. 37 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ------------------------------------------ 4, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for----------------------- 11, 763. 37 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment. 4, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for____ _____ 7, 763.37 Gross amount expended----------------------------------------- 2,615. 82 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930__ ___--_- _ 5,147. 55 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, - 1932, for maintenance -__ ______ _______ ___________________ 4,500.00 13. WILLAMETTE RIVER ABOVE PORTLAND AND YAMHILL RIVER, OREG. Location and description.-The Willamette River rises in the Cascade Range in southwestern Oregon, flows northerly, and empties into the Columbia River about 100 miles from the sea. Its length from the source of the middle fork is about 294 miles; drainage area, about 11,000 square miles; low-water period, below the falls at Ore- gon City, 26 miles above the mouth, October to January-discharge about 6,000 second-feet; high-water period, March to July-dis- charge from 200,000 to 400,000 second-feet. Above the falls at Ore- gon City the low-water period is August to November-discharge 5,000 second-feet; high water, January to March-discharge at extreme high water 400,000 second-feet. The seasonal periods for high and low water stages below the falls result from the run-off from the watershed of the Willamette River Valley, combined with back- water from the Columbia River, the effects of which extend no far- ther up than the falls at Oregon City. The seasonal periods above the falls are dependent only on the run-off from the Willamette River watershed. River slope, Eugene to Corvallis (53 miles), 2.5 to 5 feet per mile; Corvallis to Newberg (811/2 miles), 1 to 2.5 feet per mile; Newberg to Oregon City (upper lock pool) (24 miles), 0.05 to 0.1 foot per mile, upper lock pool to lower lock pool, 44.2-foot 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1860 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 drop, Oregon City (lower lock pool) to head of Clackamas Rapids (1 miles), 0.2 foot per mile head to foot of Clackamas Rapids (about half mile), 5.6 feet per mile, thence from 0.1 to 0.3 foot per mile at low water to Portland (11 miles), and to the mouth of the river. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6155 and the U. S. Geological Survey Map State of Oregon.) The Yamhill River rises in the Coast Range, flows easterly, and empties into the Willamette River about 42 miles above Portland. Its length from the source of the south fork is about 52 miles; drain- age area, about 760 square miles; low and high water periods, as in Willamette River above Oregon City; low-water discharge, 100 second-feet; river slope, McMinnville to mouth (18 miles), 14 feet at low water. Origirtl condition.-In their natural condition the Willamette and Yamhill. Rivers were obstructed by drift, snags, rocks, ledges, rapids, and gravel shoals. Prior to 1872 the navigation interests had effected some improvement by means of snagging, regulating works, and raking the shoals. At the time the original project was aldopted Salem, Oreg., 72 miles above Portland, was the head of a regular, all-year navigation on the Willamette River above the falls, with a controlling depth of about 21/2 feet at low water. Regular steamboat service was at this time carried on between Oregon City and Corvallis, 119 miles from Portland, during 9 months of the year. During high-water stages steamboats navigated to Eugene, 172 miles from Portland. Prior to completion of the locks at Willamette Falls in 1873 freight was transferred around the falls over a short portage railway. The least depth at low water between Portland and Oregon City was 3 feet. Dayton, 5 miles above the mouth, was the head of low-water navigation on the Yamhill. For logging purposes the Willamette River was used for a distance of 209 miles above its mouth and the Yamhill River about 50 miles above its mouth. Previous projects.-The original project for the Willamette River was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and modified by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, to include the improvement of the Yamhill River. The cost and expenditures thereunder were $247,747.51 for new work prior to beginning work under the existing project in 1896. For further details of previous project see page 1997 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for improvement of Willamette River between Portland and Oregon City by a channel 8 feet deep at low water, 200 feet wide below Cedar Island, and 150 feet wide thence to Oregon City; and for a channel 2 to 31/2 feet deep at low water and of no prescribed width from Oregon City to Corvallis (106 miles); by snagging between Corvallis and Harrisburg (33 miles); by the removal of Copeley's Rock, 9 miles above Portland, and by necessary dredging, snagging, dike and revetment work be- tween Portland and Corvallis. The project also provides for a chan- nel in Yamhill River 4 feet deep at low water and 60 feet wide from its mouth to McMinnville (18 miles) to be secured by means of a lock and dam near Lafayette and the removal of obstructions. The sec- tion of WilIamette River in the vicinity of Willamette Falls at Ore- gon City is covered by a project described on page 1866 of this report. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., I)I ;J.1 CT 1861 Lock and Dam on Yamhill River: Location: 11/2 miles from Lafayette, Oreg., 8 miles above the mouth. Lock dimensions: One lock, 210 by 40 feet. Lift of lock : 16 feet. Depth on sills at low water : 4 feet. Character of foundation: Timber piling in clay. Kind of dam: Fixed. Type of construction: Timber crib. Date of completion : September 21, 1900. Cost : $72,164.83. For the Willamette River below the falls at Oregon City ordinary fluctuation of stage of water is 15 feet and the extreme fluctuation due to flood conditions 35 to 50 feet. Above Oregon City the ordi- nary fluctuation is 12 to 20 feet and the extreme is 20 to 27 feet. For the Yamhill River the ordinary fluctuation is 35 feet and the extreme 48 feet. Tidal changes vary from 2 feet at the :mouth of the Willam- ette to zero 23 miles above the mouth. The estimate of cost for new work,. revised in 1930, is $459,300, exclusive of the amount expended on previous projects, but inclusive of $50,000 to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $63,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the improvement of Willamette River above Oregon City (H. Doc. No. 260, 54th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1896, p. 3309) and Yamhill River (Annual Report for 1895, p. 3602); and the act of July 25, 1912, provided for a 6-foot channel in the Willamette River below Oregon City (H. Doc. No. 438, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The project was modi- fied in 1904 by abandoning the 20-mile stretch of the river between Harrisburg and Eugene as unworthy of improvement (Annual Report for 1904, p. 3529); and the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, provided for the 8-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 372, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1903, page 2260, and the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, provides that local interests contribute $50,000 toward the cost of the 8-foot project. Terminal facilities.-Apart from the terminal and transfer facili- ties at Portland, Oreg., which are described on page 1851 there are no public terminal facilities on the Willamette and Yamhill Rivers between Portland and points above. Between Portland and Wil- lamette Falls the terminals are privately owned mill docks and oil- receiving stations. Above the falls there are small wharves privately owned or natural landings. These facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has rendered possible regular light-draft steamboat traffic between Portland and Corvallis on the Willamette River and between the mouth and Dayton on the Yamhill River during the entire year; also between Corvallis and Harrisburg on the Willamette River and between Dayton and Mc- Minnville on the Yamhill River for about nine months of the year. Traffic, which in 1924 had fallen to a low ebb, was revived in 1925 by the establishment of a steamboat operating on a schedule of three 1862 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 round trips weekly between Portland and Salem (72 miles). This line is still operating, and will place a second steamboat on the run as soon as the low-water channel depths are rendered more stable. Operations and results dduring fiscal year.-The U. S. bucket dredge Monticello removed a total of 88,182 cubic yards of material, principally gravel, from shoal bars on Willamette River between Portland and Salem at a cost of $23,758.50. In addition, 166,902 cubic yards were removed from the same section by hired dredges at a cost of $47,638.64. The total amount of material removed was 255,084 cubic yards at a total cost of $71,397.14. About 352 snags were removed from Willamette and Yamhill Rivers at a cost of $2,027.54. U. S. pile driver No. 6 and crew built 1,467 linear feet of training dikes at a cost of $10,568.34, and 1,500 linear feet of training dikes were constructed by hired plant at a cost of $9,235.45. These operations resulted in maintaining the project depth of 21/2 to 31/2 feet at low water between Oregon City and Salem, and 6 feet between Portland and Oregon City. All of the work was for main- tenance and was accomplished with the U. S. bucket dredge Monti- cello, U. S. pile driver No. 6, three hired bucket dredges, and one hired pile driver. The total cost during the year amounted to $103,432.06, all for maintenance. The total expenditure was $89,488.39. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The project is about 59 per cent completed. The controlling depths at low water on upper Willam- ette River at the end of the year were 71/2 feet between Portland and Cedar Island (10 miles), 5Y2 feet thence to Oregon City (3 miles), 2y2 feet from Oregon City to Salem (59 miles), and on Yamhill River 2 feet from its mouth to McMinnville (18 miles). Traffic above Salem is confined to log rafts and occasional launches. The river is open between Salem and Corvallis (47 miles), but the steeper slope of the river above Salem discourages traffic. The controlling depth between Salem and Corvallis is about 1 foot at low water. The bank revetment at Independence and the dam and revetment at Wheatland are all in fair condition. One lock and dam in Yamhill River was completed in 1900 (see table under Existing project). For condition of the lock and dam at the end of the fiscal year see page 1869. The total cost of the existing project is $1,092,642.47, of which $249,301.43 was for new work and $843,341.04 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $1,116,488.13. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended July 1, 1930, to maintenance, as follows: Construction of self-propelled, steel hull, bucket dredge, with 2-yard bucket------------------- --------------------- $125, 000. 00 Construction and repair of dams, dikes, and revetments ---------- 25, 800. 00 Operation and repairs dredge Monticello and miscellaneous plant__ 14, 000. 00 Dredging by contract-------------------------------------- 7, 900. 00 Local surveys ____--------------------------------------------- 6,300. 00 Contingencies (not including contingencies related to construction of dredge) --------------------------------------------- 7, 058. 57 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930___-__------------------ 24, 382.00 Total_______ ____________ 210, 440. 57 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1863 The monthly rate of expenditure of funds for river improvement will be about $9,000 for six months and $2,800 for six months. The funds will be exhausted about June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Construction and repair of dams, dikes, and revetments ------------ $32, 000 Operation and repairs dredge Monticello and miscellaneous plant --- 15, 000 Dredging by contract -------- 15, 000 Local surveys----------- --------- --- ------------------ 7, 500 Contingencies----- ------------------ __ 8, 500 Total - ------------------------------------------ ----- 78, 000 Although the amount estimated above is in excess of the approved estimate for maintenance, it is cosidered necessary in order to main- tain the authorized depth of 31/2 feet at low-water, which is needed for the increasing commerce on the river. The relative importance of the project in the interests of com- merce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the 8-foot project adopted by the 1930 river and harbor act. Commercial statistics.--Duringthe calendar year 1929, a total of 1,805,596 tons of freight, valued at $24,389,362, was handled on the rivers within the stretches above described. Comparative statement Freight 1 Rafted logs and piling Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925 __--------------- - _____- ----- . 651, 530 $20,959,486 636, 158 $4, 921, 998 423 1926 ........................-------------------------------. 721, 859 17, 201,640 591, 141 4, 717, 451 504 1927.-----......-------- --------. __ 830, 260 18, 848, 076 886, 245 3, 597, 459 572 .. 1928____ __ __............ ___... ___ 719, 141 17, 306, 744 1, 345, 243 5, 380, 972 1, 100 1929 .- ------------------.............. 689, 709 19, 879, 404 1,115, 887 4, 509, 958 1, 195 1 Exclusive of rafted logs and piling. The principal commodities handled on the river during the cal- endar year 1929 were: Logs and piling, sand, gravel, stone, lumber, food products, paper, wood pulp, pulpwood, hogged wood, fuel oil, iron and steel, and merchandise. The bulk of the traffic, comprised of logs, piling, sand, gravel, stone, and hogged wood, amounted to 1,363,707 tons, which was about 360,000 tons less than the movement of these commodities in 1928. The combined movement of other commodities was, however, about 100,000 tons greater than in the preceding year, a larger movement of paper, pulpwood, and wood pulp accounting for about 84,000 tons of this increase. Food products were also moved in larger volume. The decidedly larger tonnage of the more valuable freight resulted in the comparatively large increase in the value of the traffic as is noted in the above comparative statement. A description of the movement of this traffic by section, follows: 1864 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Willamette River between Portland and Harrisburg Portland to Oregon Oregon City to Salem to Harris- City Salem burg 1 Commodities Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value Logs and piling ------------------- 705,672. $2,866, 860 367, 244 $1, 505,149 187,505 $756, 968 Sand, gravel, and stone............-------------- 88, 113' .88, 113 8, 787 26, 361 86, 285 86, 285 Wood, hogged--------------------- 56, '595 16,979 ----------------------------.-------- Oth freight -------- ------------- 419, 441 19, 175, 069 54, 632 4, 003, 718 .......-------- i Total---------_ ---------- 1,269, 821 2Z 147,021 430, 663 5, 535, 228 273, 790 843, 253 1About 30,000 tons of the logs and piling handled within this stretch originated at points on the river as far upstream as Eugene. Yamhill River between the mouth and McMinnville Mouth to Lafayette McMinnville Commodities Tons Value Tons Value Logs and piling-.. ..------------------------------------- 6, 367 $30,326 ....-------......------. Sand and gravel ------------------------------------ ........ 8,000 8, 000 Total --..-..------- . 14, 367 38,326 ....... NOTE.-"Other freight": 281,782 tons were handled the entire distance between Portland and Oregon City, of which amount, 32,144 tons were carried to and from Salem. The balance was, in movement, of local character, being freighted comparatively short distances within the sections above described. Sand, gravel, and stone: This traffic was local in character, the movement averaging a distance of about 2 miles. Wood, hogged: All delivered to industry at Portland from sawmills located a few miles above. Logs and piling: Aside from about 666,000 tons handled between Portland and Milwaukee, and about 140,000 tons delivered at Salem from Winona, a short distance above, the movement of these commodities was confined to no particular section of the river. They were received at innumerable log dumps along the river and delivered mainly at Portland and St. Helens. The traffic was handled by 1 freight and passenger line and about 20 towboat lines. The usual limit of draft for boats operating between Portland and Oregon City is 6 feet; between Oregon City and Salem, 3 feet; between Salem and Harrisburg, 2 feet; between the mouth of the Yamhill River and Lafayette, 4 feet; and between Lafayette and McMinnville, about 2 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $497, 048.94 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 -------------------------- 843, 341.04 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------1, 340, 389. 98 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------------- 36, 913. 43 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-----------------------1, 377, 303. 41 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 3, 067. 77 Net total expenditures 364, 235. 64 1------------------------------, Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------- 210, 440. 57 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------ 1, 574, 676. 21 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1865 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--_ Cost of maintenance ..--. ------------ ----------------------------------------------- 561. 17 $32, 499. 20 $35, 199. 23 $37, 79. 81 $103, 432. 06 $------------------47, Total expended ____--_----------------------- 47, 561. 17 32,499.20 44,409.05 30, 995. 18 89, 488.39 Allotted- ..----------------------------- 52,200.00 48,228.09 35,000.00 63, 000 00' 23,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------------$67, 928.96 Amount 'allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ---------------------$71, 000.00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930---------------------------------------- 125, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved February 28, 1929------------------- 36,000. 00 232, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for --------------------------- 299, 928. 96 Gross amount expended ----------------------------------- , 488. 39 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-----------------------210, 440.57 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----- -------------------- 24, 382. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------186, 058. 57 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - -- - -- existing project 160, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1__-------------------------- _ 78, 000. 00 14. OPERATING AND CARE OF CANAL AND LOCKS AT WILLAMETTE FALLS, OREG. Location and description.--Willamette Falls is formed by a rocky reef in the Willamette River at Oregon City, Oreg., about 251/2 miles above the mouth of the river. The reef is in the form of a horseshoe with the points directed downstream. The difference in level between pools above and below is about 44.2 feet at low water. For description of the Willamette River see page 1859. The canal and locks (going upstream) consist of a bulkheaded approach 200 feet long, flight of four locks each 210 feet long by 40 feet wide, each lock having a lift of about 1.1.05 feet, a canal basin 1,250 feet in length, a guard lock 210 feet long by 40 feet wide at the upper end of the basin, and a bulkheaded approach to the upstream or southerly entrance 1,000 feet long, making a total length of about 3,500 feet. Original condition.-The canal and locks were originally con- structed by private interests in 1873, and were purchased April 26, 1915, by the United States for $375,000. The dam is owned by private parties. At the time of purchase the governing depth over the lock sills at low water was 2 feet, the locks and appliances were in poor condition, and the water used for power in the adjoining factories was supplied directly from the canal, making it difficult to regulate the water used for lockages. Previous projects.-None. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 2 In addition local interests are to contribute $50,000. 1866 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Existing project.-This provides for the purchase, rehabilitation, and deepening to 6 feet at low water of the existing canal and locks and the separation of the canal from the water-power intake by the construction of a concrete division wall. LOCKS AND DAM ON WILLAMETTE RIVER Location: At Willamette Falls, near Oregon City, Oreg., 251/2 miles above the mouth. Lock dimensions: Series of four locks, each 210 by 40 feet.' Lift of each lock: 11.05 feet, 2 average. Depth on miter sills at low water: 6 feet. Character of foundation: Rock. Kind of dam: Fixed.3 Type of construction: Concrete. Year of completion: 1873. Purchased by United States April 26, 1915. Cost: Unknown. 'Purchase price: $375,000. The ordinary fluctuation of the stage of water above the locks is 12 feet, and the extreme, due to flood conditions, 20 feet. Below the locks the ordinary fluctuation is 15 feet and the extreme 50 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1912, is $680,000. This includes the price paid for the canal and locks. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the purchase and rehabilitation of the system and the construction of the concrete divi- sion wall (H. Doc. No. 202, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1900, p. 4374), and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the deepening of the locks (H. Doc. No. 1060, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The last-mentioned document contains the latest published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--Underthe provisions of the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, Congress required a contribution by the State of Oregon of $300,000. This contribution was made under dates of May 6, 1912, and November 19, 1913. Terminal facilities.-There is no public highway leading to the locks. The Crown Willamette Paper Co. have constructed a timber dock about 850 feet in length, extending to and supported by the concrete division wall built in the lock canal by the United States. This dock is used mainly for the shipment of their products and receipt of material and supplies. For terminal facilities on the Willamette and Yamhill Rivers see page 1861. Effect of improvement.-The toll of 50 cents for each ton of freight and 10 cents for each passenger, formerly levied by the canal owners on the steamboat companies, has been removed. The movement of traffic, particularly log rafts, has been facili- tated by lining the lock walls. The construction of new and higher gates has rendered traffic through the locks possible at higher stages than formerly, and the increased depth has made the locks available for boats of deeper draft. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operationconsisted in repairs to lock gates, sills, walls, and fenders, and general policing and care of locks, grounds, buildings, and operating machinery, 1A guard lock 210 feet by 40 feet, which is used only at higher stages of water, is located at the upper end of the canal basin. 2 A concrete division wall, 1,227 feet long, extending from Lock No. 4 to the guard lock, separates the upper basin of the canal from the headrace, which formerly led directly from the basin and supplied water for the power plants operated by the Crown Willamette Paper Co. and the Portland Railway, Light & Power Co. * The dam is owned by private parties. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRIOT 1867 resulting in affording continuous operation during the year, except- ing when necessary repairs were made. One pair of new lock gates was installed in the south end of Lock No. 3 at a cost of $3,384.97. A rock bluff which threatened danger to navigation passing through the guard lock was removed by the use of powder. About 1,205 cubic yards of this rock were removed on scows and dumped into the river at a cost of $11,306.74. Total expenditures for the year for maintenance under allotments from permanent indefinite appropri- ation amounted to $39,247.81. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The final report on the project for purchase and rehabilitation of the canal and locks was given in the 1923 Annual Report, where the project was reported 98 per cent complete. No further work is considered necessary. The depth over the miter sills is 6 feet at low water. The locks and grounds are in good condition and are continuously serviceable, except when high water or necessary repairs prevent. The bulk of the com- merce passing through the locks is supplied by the Crown Wil- lamette Paper Co., whose mills adjoin the lock canal. This com- pany operates its own steamboats and ships its products by water. The locks are also used by the Salem Navigation Co., which operates a triweekly steamboat service between Portland and Salem, log rafts and launches. Expenditures for purchase and rehabilitation of the locks and canal were $677,122.20, of which $300,000 was from contributed funds. Total costs for maintenance from the permanent indefinite appropriation have been $298,188.92. The expenditures have been $298,462.24. Proposed operations.-The canal and locks will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Necessary enlargement of quarters for lock keepers will be made, and the west wall of the guard lock reconstructed. Commercial statistics.-A total of 313,409 tons of freight, valued at $17,581,753, was moved through the locks during the calendar year 1929. This traffic consisted principally of vegetable food products, wool, rafted logs and piling, paper, pulpwood, wood pulp, stone, sulphur, iron and steel, and merchandise. Paper, amounting to 135,448 tons, with a value of $12,190,320, constituted the bulk of the traffic. A total of 3,569 trips of river vessels was made through the locks during the year, in connection with the above traffic. The usual limit of draft of loaded boats passing through the locks is from 4 to 6 feet. Comparative statement Freight 1 Rafted logs and piling Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925 ---------------------------------........... ... 276, 935 $19, 954, 049 15, 010 $108, 100 423 1926 ......- - --......................... 211, 642 14, 650,291 17, 639 129, 435 504 1927- .....-...................-......... . 215, 237 17, 842, 221 35,199 193, 275 572 1928- ---------............................. ------ 175, 414 15,168, 726 36,118 192, 094 1,100 1929_-- .................................. 273, 275 17, 384, 152 40, 134 197, 601 1, 195 1Exclusive of rafted logs and piling. 1868 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The traffic shows an increase of 48 per cent over the calendar year 1928, which is principally due to the increased production of the paper mill at Oregon City. The balance of the commodity tonnage is approximately the same as for 1928. Cost and financial summary for maintenance and improvement funds Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__ $377, 122. 20 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_________________________ Net total expenditures--____________________________ 377, 122. 20 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ____ ____________ 377, 122. 20 Cost and financial summary for operating and care funds Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_________ ___________ $298, 188. 92 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930----------- 939. 11 Net total cost to June 30, 1930__________________________ 299, 128. 03 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------------------- 1, 438. 91 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930________________________ 300, 566. 94 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_______________ _______ 2, 104. 70 Net total expenditures________________-___ 298, 462. 24 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 __ _________--__-- ----- 2, 542. 06 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------___ 301, 004. 30 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------ .------------ ---------------- ------------------------- Cost of maintenance- -------------------------------------- $38,062. 09 Total expended------------------------ $22,471. 79 $20, 636. 91 $34, 658. 45 $31, 805. 44 $39, 247. 81 Allotted ........ ..............--- ------------------------- 19, 000. 00 40, 500. 00 32, 400. 00 20,000.00 35,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929______.------------------------- $6, 789. 87 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, March 3, 1909------------------------- - 35, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for__------------------- 41, 789. 87 Gross amount expended-------------------------- ----- 39, 247. 81 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------- 2, 542. 06 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--- --------------- 2, 400. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930--------------------- 142. 06 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930_----------------------- 1, 438. 91 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--_-_- 1, 580. 97 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931 -- ___________ __ -__ 30, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931_ _-_ __---____ 31, 580. 97 15. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCK AND DAM IN YAMHILL RIVER, OREG. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Willamette River above Portland and Yamhill River, Oreg. See pages 1859 to 1865, where general infor- RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1869 mation regarding the improvement can be found. The completed lock and dam has been operated and maintained under the perma- nent indefinite appropriation since September 24, 1900. Terminal facilities.-A country road in good condition leads from Lafayette, 1/2 miles, to the locks. There are no terminal facilities at the locks. For terminal facilities on the Willamette and Yamhill Rivers, see page 1861. Operations and results during fiscal year. Operations consisted of minor repairs to the locks, policing of grounds, and care of operating machinery, resulting in affording, except when closed on account of high water, continuous operation during the year. The old dam was partially reconstructed at a cost of $1,527.39. The work accom- plished during the year was done by hired labor and Government plant. Total expenditures for the year for maintenance under allot- ments from permanent indefinite appropriation amounted to $3,904.87. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The depth over the lock miter sill at low water is 4 feet. The lock is in fair condition and the dam is in poor condition. The grounds are in good condition. The lock is usable the year around, except for short periods during high-water stages. The lock is principally used for the passage of log rafts. (For further details see table, p. 1861.) Total expenditures for main- tenance have been from the permanent indefinite appropriation and amount to $80,268.60. Proposed operations.-The lock and dam will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-Duringthe calendar year 1929, 6,367 tons of rafted logs and piling were handled through the lock. The average draft of the boats handling the above logs and piling was about 3 feet. Comparative statement Freight 1 Floated and rafted logs and piling Year Passen- Year gers Tons Value Tons Value 1925-------------------------------------------- 0 0 0 0 0 1926----------------------------------------............... 0 500 $4,000 0 1927-------------------------------------------- 0 0 7,230 30,447 4 1928 ....--------- .-----.-----.------.---------------- 0 0 5,532 22, 524 0 1929 -------------------------------------------- 0 6,367 30, 326 0 1Exclusive of floated and rafted logs and piling. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_ - Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930- ------------------- $80, 390. 66 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930__________________________ 122. 06 Net total expenditures ------------------------- 80, 268. 60 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 318. 85 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 80, 587. 45 1870 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work- - - -- - --. Cost of maintenance--- ------------- ------------------------------------ $3,919.80 $2,760. 58 Total expended.---------.................. $1,119. 53 $1,665.88 $5,607. 12 3,904.87 Allotted----------------------------- 2,500.00 2,500.00 1,900.00 4,000.00 3,900.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------ ----- $323. 72 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, sec. 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909__--------------------------- 3, 900.00 Amount to be accounted for_______________________________ 4, 223.72 Gross amount expended__ _______________ 3, 904. 87 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 --------------------------- 318. 85 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_---- -- 105. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930 213.85 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931_--------_____-____-______- 3, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931---------- 3,213. 85 16. OPERATING AND CARE OF THE CASCADES CANAL, COLUMBIA RIVER, OREG. Location and description.-This improvement includes about 41/2 miles of the rivei where it passes through the Cascade Range. There is a fall, at low water, of 24 feet in the upper one-half mile and a total fall of about 37 feet to the foot of the lower rapid. (For description of Columbia River see p. 1843. See U. S. Geological Sur- vey, Mount Hood quadrangle.) Original condition.-A fall of 24 feet at low water in the upper 2,500 feet of the gorge created a turbulent rapid which effectually barred navigation. The current in the lower 4 miles of the gorge was swift and the channel was unsafe, owing to obstructing ledges and bowlders. There was a least depth of about 5 feet in main channel of the lower rapids. The foot of the lower rapids was the head of navigation, and freight was transferred around the obstruc- tions, first by teams and later by a steam railroad, until the comple- tion of the canal. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a canal with one lock around the upper Cascades Rapids and open-river improvement below the canal. The section of river under improvement is about 41/2 miles in length, and its lower end is about 141 miles from the mouth of the river. The canal has a length of 3,000 feet and a clear width be- tween side walls of 90 feet. The lock is located at the lower end of the canal and has two chambers in flight, with detailed information as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1871 Dimensions of lock Dimensions Lift Available depth, Lock Foundation Greatest lower aailaale Clear At low At high t lowl, length for width water water water width Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet Lower chamber-------------- 469 Rock .............-------------- 90 24 0 8 Upper chamber -----------------......... ... do------------.....462 90 0 18 8 There are no dams on the canal. The lower chamber only is used up to a 13-foot stage (upper pool), after which the upper chamber alone is used up to a 42-foot stage, lower gage, when the canal is " drowned out." The ordinary summer freshets reach a stage of 42 feet at the foot of the canal and 30 feet at the upper entrance. The highest freshet of record (1894) reached a height of 60 feet at the lower entrance and 50 feet at the upper entrance. Freshets occur during the winter months, due to rains, and reach a stage of 15 feet at the lower gage, but do not interfere with the navigation of the canal. Ice condi- tions, which often close the river to navigation, occur usually in January or February. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1894, including $413,360 for the second lock chamber and protective works, is $3,856,763. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 14, 1876, provided for the construc- tion of a canal around the Cascades of the Columbia, in the State of Oregon, and the act of July 13, 1892, provided for contracts to com- plete the project (Annual Report for 1875, p. 789) ; the act of June 3, 1896, provided for the second lock chamber and protective works (Annual Report for 1895, p. 3571); and the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the removal of obstructive rock in the rapids below the canal. For last published map see Senate Executive Document No. 26, Fifty-third Congress, third session. Recommended modifcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilitie's.-None. The inhabitants of the town of Cas- cade Locks use the upper lock walls as a boat landing. Below the canal, to the lower end of the improvement, there is no business along the river banks and no terminal facilities are needed. Effect of improvement.-This section of river was unnavigable at any stage. Boats passing through this canal and The Dalles-Celilo Canal (opened to navigation May 5, 1915) can now ascend to Priest Rapids, on the Columbia River, and to Pittsburg Landing, on the Snake River, 397 and 540 miles, respectively, above the mouth of the Columbia River. Operations and results during fiscal year.--The canal was in com- mission throughout the year, with the exception of 25 days in January and February, 1930, on account of ice. The summer freshet 118 11714-ENG 1930-- 1872 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 of 1930 occurred in May and reached only a 12.9 stage, the lowest of record in the history of the canal. The precipitation amounted to 55.67 inches, with a total snowfall of 24 inches during December, January, and February, a deficiency of 21.7 for the year. The canal was operated for the passage of river craft on 248 days. There were 1,237 lockages, passing through 6 stern-wheel passenger steamers, 911 Diesel towboats, 216 motor, fishing, and pleasure boats, 24 seining and rowboats, 27 barges, and 429 rafts of logs and piling. A total of 66,033 tons of freight, including log rafts, and 1,249 passengers were passed through the canal. The freshet of 1929 was below normal, and a limited amount of dredging was necessary. During the year the U. S. dredge Cascades removed 15,840 cubic yards of river deposit, at a cost of $5,603.37, including repairs to dredging plant. In addition to the usual operation and care, minor repairs were made to canal plant and buildings. Painting of lock gates and machinery was in progress and 16,183 square feet of surface was cleaned and painted during the year. The total amount expended from indefinite appropriation on ac- count of operation, maintenance, repairs, etc., was $17,311.11. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The canal, though in operation since 1896, was not fully completed until 1914 and is in excellent condition. The expenditure for construction of the canal was $3,- 903,780.30. There has been considerable traffic during the past two years, due to the increase of log rafting from the river above the canal. The controlling depth in the canal is 8 feet at low water. The total amount expended from the indefinite appropriation on account of operating, maintenance, repairs, to the close of the fiscal year was $446,619.30. Proposed operations.-The canal will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation pro- vided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-Duringthe calendar year 1929, a total of 79,549 tons of freight, valued at $439,956, passed through the canal. This traffic consisted almost entirely of rafted logs and piling, the balance, principally fresh fish and merchandise, amounting to only 476 tons. The traffic was handled by three boat lines. The usual limit of draft of loaded boats using the canal is about 7 feet. Comparative statement Freight 1 Floated and rafted Year Passen- logs and piling Yeargers Tons Value Tons Value 1925 ...........---- ..........----------------------------------- 803 $69, 930 264 5, 110 $40, 880 1926----.............----------------------------------- 461 85, 540 5, 584 38, 615 308, 920 1927-------------- ----------------------- 2, 762 335, 765 878 55, 227 316, 929 ..................---------------------------- 1928--------- 17, 665 2, 293, 016 1, 301 20, 748 85, 236 1929 2--_ .__ - - - --........... .......... 476 114, 011 930 79, 073 325, 945 1 Exclusive of floated and rafted logs and piling. 2The canal was closed by ice from Jan. 27 to Feb. 16, 1929. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1873 More extensive logging operations on the river above the canal greatly increased the traffic in logs and piling, but the volume of other freight was greatly reduced owing to the suspension of regular freight and passenger service between Portland and Hood River. This service was discontinued on December 31, 1928 (on the Colum- bia River). The upstream limit of commercial boat operation was Lyle, Wash., located about 30 miles above Cascade Locks. Cost and financial summary for maintenance and improvement funds Cost of new work to June 30, 1930--------------------------- $3, 903, 780. 30 ------------------- Net total expenditures_____ _ 3, 903, 780. 30 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------- 3, 903, 780, 30 Cost and financial summary for operating and care funds Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_------------------- $435, 833. 35 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930__________ 11, 983. 11 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_____________________--- 447, 816. 46 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930---------------- ----------- 51. 70 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930____________-------------- 447, 868. 16 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--- 1, 248. 86 1---------------------- Net total expenditures_______ _ ___ ____ _ _________ 446, 619. 30 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ 6, 751. 50 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 453, 370. 80 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work............................................... Cost of maintenance..------- ------------------------.-------- ------------- $18, 266. 77 Total expended_______--------------------- $13,412. 98 $20,768.10 $20,786. 32 $21,347.47 $17, 311.11 Allotted_----------------------------- 11, 000.00 14,000.00 24, 500. 00 18, 500.00 20,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_________________-___- $4, 062. 61 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, sec. 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909 ___ _________ _ 20, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for________ 24, 062. 61 Gross amount expended--------- _---_17, 311. 11 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_- ----- ____ ________ 6, 751. 50 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 __- 1--_-_________ 1, 600. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930___ _____5_____ Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ------------------- 151. 50 5---------- 5, ----------- 51. 70 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 --_ 5, 203.20 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931___---- _____-__----____- 17, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931_ __ 22, 203.20 -____________ 17. THE DALLES-CELILO CANAL, OREG. AND WASH. Location and description.-This improvement embraces about 12 miles of the Columbia River between The Dalles and Celilo, Oreg. 1874 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 For general description of Columbia River see p. 1843. See U. S. Geological Survey Map of Oregon.) Original condition.-Between the foot of The Dalles Rapids and the head of Celilo Falls, a distance of 91/2 miles, there was a total fall of 81 feet at extreme low water and 60 feet at high water, and this portion of the stream was not navigable at any stage. The head of navigation was at The Dalles, 190 miles from the ocean, and freight was first transferred by teams and later by rail from The Dalles to the head of Celilo Falls until completion of the canal. Previous projects.-The first project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894. The cost and expenditures were $47,112.83, for examinations and surveys. The existing project began in 1904. For further details of previous project see page 1993 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for open-river improvement from the foot of Threemile Rapids to the foot of The Dalles Rapids, and a continuous canal on the Oregon shore from the foot of The Dalles or Fivemile Rapids to the head of Celilo Falls, the canal to have a depth of 8 feet, width of 65 feet at the bottom, and length of 81/2 miles, with five locks, as follows: Detailed information of locks Dimensions Lift Avail- from Great- I able When lower Lock Foundation est I Clear length Low High depth com- plted Cost en- avail- Clear Low High lower pleted trance able for width water water sill full width Feet Feet Fet Feet Feet 0 Tandem Locks 1___ Rock......... 265.0 45. 0 70. 0 22 0 7. 0 1915 $477, 600 1. 6 Fivemile Lock .....-------- do-......... 265. 0 45. 0 12. 0 15. 0 7. 0 1915 246, 700 5. 2 Tenmile Lock 2_..._ ___ do......... 265.0 50. 0 7. 5 7. 0 1915 149, 600 8. 1 Celilo Lock 2-.......___ .. do.....-... 265.0 45. 0 ------- 6. 5 7. 0 1915 103, 200 1 Two chambers in flight. 2 Not used at low water. There are no dams in the canal. The lower end of the canal is about 4 miles and the lower end of the Threemile Rapids about 1 miles above The Dalles, Oreg. The normal river freshets at the lower end of the canal reach a stage of 45 feet and the highest flood 70 feet above low water. At the upper end of the canal the normal freshets are about 18 feet and the maximum rise 33 feet. The canal was designed to operate to a stage of 18 feet at the upper pool and is then " drowned out" until the river recedes to a stage of 18 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1908, is $4,845,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects. The cost of operation and care of the canal and locks is paid from the perma- nent indefinite appropriation for operating and care of canals, etc. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905. (Annual Report 1904, p. 3475.) For latest pub- lished map see Annual Report for 1915, page 3380. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1875 Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The project was approved by the Secretary of War November 6, 1903, with a proviso that " no work shall be begun until the right of way and release from damages have been conveyed to the United States free of cost." At the close of the year 1905 the title to right of way had been vested in the United States by deeds from the State of Oregon. This constitutes the only local cooperation. Terminal facilities.-Thereare no terminal facilities on this stretch of river, 9 miles. The little commerce carried on can be loaded from the canal banks and lock walls directly into the boats. Effect of the improvement.-This section of the river was unnavi- gable at any stage. The improvement has made continuous naviga- tion possible to points on the Columbia as far as the foot of Priest Rapids, and to Pittsburg Landing on the Snake River, 397 and 540 miles, respectively, from the mouth of the Columbia River. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work done during the year was the watching, care, and disposal of Government con- struction plant at a cost of $248.12, applied to new work. The total expenditure for the year was minus $1,214.34. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1919 at a saving of approximately $200,000 under the esti- mated cost. Detailed information concerning the canal is given under Existing project. There is a controlling depth of 8 feet in the canal trunk and 7 feet on the lock sills at low water. The con- trolling depth in Threemile Rapids (about 1 mile below the canal) is now 10 feet in a channel 250 feet wide, and the only obstruction to navigation at this point now is the swift current at even moderately high stages of river. The canal has withstood 16 river freshets since its completion in 1915, four of which were above the normal height, with only slight damage, and is in excellent condition. The gross total costs under the existing project amounted to $4,662,964.36, all for new work. The total expenditure was $4,670,600.58. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is con- templated except care of plant. It is expected to dispose of all the remaining construction plant by public sale or transfer during the. year. The canal is maintained under allotments from the perma- nent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-See report on Operating and care of The Dalles-Celilo Canal. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 __ ____$4, 710, 077. 19 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_______-_ 4, 710, 077. 19 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930_ ... __ -_ 7, 636. 22 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-_----- --- -- ----- 4, 717, 713. 41 Net total expenditures __------------------ 4, 717, 713. 41 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------------ 4, 717, 713. 41 1876 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_.._.--------------------- $2,234. 64 $1, 208. 60 $1, 080. 00 ----------- $248. 12 Cost ofmaintenance---------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------- Total expended..___________............._______ 2, 234. 64 1, 208. 60 1,086. 28 $174. 61 -1,214. 34 Allotted---...-------------- ------------------- .-------- ------------------------------ Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---- ----------------------- $10, 637.13 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment---------------- 11, 851.47 Net amount to be accounted for___----------------------- -1, 214. 34 Gross amount expended --------------------------- $603. 17 Less receipts from sales------------------ 1,817. 51 1,214. 34 18. OPERATING AND CARE OF THE DALLES-CELILO CANAL The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for The Dalles-Celilo Canal, Oreg., and Wash. See page 1873, where general information regarding the im- provement can be found. The completed canal has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since May 5, 1915. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The canal was in com- mission throughout the year, except from January 8 to February 15, 1930, when the canal and river were blocked by ice. There was no interference on account of the summer freshets. The June freshet of 1930 reached a stage of only 10 feet. There was no regular navigation through the canal during the year. Several launches and rowboats passed through the canal, with 16 passengers, but no freight was carried. The work during the year consisted mainly of care of canal plant and buildings and control of drifting sand dunes by oiling, and dredging of river deposit from the canal trunk. The U. S. 8-inch pipe line dredge Cello removed 17,700 cubic yards of river deposit from the canal at a cost of $6,298.06, or 35.6 cents per cubic yard. The total amount expended during the year from indefinite ap- propriation, for operation, maintenance, and repairs is $20,407.59. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The canal, which was completed in 1915, is in excellent condition. Only minor repairs were neces- sary during the year. The canal is 81/2 miles long, 65 feet wide, and has a depth at low water of 8 feet. It has five locks with a total lift of 81 feet at extreme low water. All lock chambers except in one lock (10 mile lock), which has a width of 50 feet, have a usable width of 45 feet, and all lock chambers have a usable length of 265 feet and 7 feet depth on miter sills at low water. The lower end of the canal is about 4 miles above The Dalles, Oreg. The total cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930, is $263,443.16. The total expenditure from the indefinite appropriation is $267,214.15. Proposed operations.-The canal will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation pro- vided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-There has been no regular commerce on the Columbia River above The Dalles, Oreg., since July, 1920. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1877 Comparative statement Freight Freight Year Year Tons Value Tons Value --------------------------..... 1925....... _ ...... 75 $7, 500 1928.,-------.----------------- 0 0 1926.............. .........-------------------------- 0 0 1929.......-------------------------- 0 0 1927.....--------------------------- 0 0 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ----------------------------------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_-------- $263, 443. 16 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 263, 443. 16 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930__________ 5, 026. 00 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ------------------------ 268, 469. 16 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930--_-- __ ___ ---------- :3.43 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ---------------------- 268,1,1------------------- 472. 59 258. 44 Net total expenditures------------------------------ 267, 214. 15 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-.... 1, 594. 60 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 268, 808. 75 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_. Cost of maintenance --------- ------------ ------------ ----------- ------------ $20, 902. 38 Total expended .__--------. , . $16, 069. 30 $13,609. 56 $15,166. 16 $19,795. 09 20, 407. 59 Allotted__ ----------------------------- 17, 500. 00 15,000.00 16, 700. 00 15, 000.00 21, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ $1,002. 19 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909------------------------ 21,000.00 Amount to be accounted for ---------------------------22,002.19 Gross amount expended ----------------------------------- 20, 407.59 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------ _ _ 1, 594. 60 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930____________________ ____ 1, 300. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930_ __-__-_- -- __________- 294. 60 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ------------------------------- 3.43 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930---------------- 298. 03 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931 ___-------------------------19,00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931 -------------------- 19, 298. 03 19. COLUMBIA RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES ABOVE CELILO FALLS TO THE MOUTH OF SNAKE RIVER, OREG. AND WASH. Location and description.-This improvement includes the several rapids in the 124 miles between the head of Celilo Falls and the 1878 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 mouth of Snake River. For general description of Columbia River see page 1843. (See U. S. Geological Survey Map of Washington.) Original condition.-The controlling depth between Celilo, Oreg., and the mouth of Snake River was about 3 feet in crooked channels abounding in rapids and shoals and obstructed by projecting ledges, isolated bowlders, etc. Before the construction of railroads in this section the Columbia River formed the main highway between the inland empire and tidewater, but navigation was practically sus- pended in 1882 upon the completion of the railroad which parallels the south bank of the river. The head of navigation for steamers and other craft operating on this stretch is Priest rapids, 397 miles above the mouth of the river, but there are other navigable reaches above Priest rapids. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872, and modified in 1877, so as to in- clude the improvement of Snake River. The cost and expenditures under this project were $120,000 for new work prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1907. For further details of previous projects see page 1992 of Annual Report for 1915. Emisting project.-This provides for removing obstructing bowl- ders and ledges and raking the gravel shoals in order to provide safe navigation of such channels as exist, the work to be done by opera- tion of Government plant. The section included in the project is 124 miles long. The lower end of the project is about 200 miles from the mouth of the river. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1925, is $443,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous proj- ects, to be expended during a series of years. The estimate for an- nual maintenance, made in 1928, is $15,000. The summer freshets occur from May to August and the ordinary freshets reach a stage of 21 feet at Umatilla gage. The highest flood (1894) reached a stage of 341/2 feet at Umatilla. Freshets due to rains usually occur in the early winter but rarely exceed a 9-foot stage. Ice conditions usually occur in January or February and often suspend navigation for several weeks. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 440, 59th Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1906, page 1988. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions were imposed by law. The State of Washington in 1907 appropriated $25,000 for expenditure by the Federal Government on this improvement, and the money was expended in the construction of a drill scow and in removing rock ledges and raking gravel bars at Umatilla and Homly rapids by using Government plant. Terminal facilities.-There are no wharves on this stretch of river nor any large warehouses on the river banks. At Umatilla Land- ing there is a small warehouse (on tracks) that can be moved up and down the river bank according to the stage of river. There is a railroad on each bank of the river, but there is no physical connec- tion between the railroads and the river. The river commerce is handled by the boats' crews and unloaded on the river banks. The products of the country are produced at some distance from the river and are mostly shipped by rail directly from the inland points, RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1879 as the combined boat and rail rate plus the cost of transfer from rail to boat at points where the branch rail lines leave the river is greater than the all-rail rate. It is believed that the existing facilities are sufficient for the needs of the present commerce. (For a full description of terminals see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done has rendered navigation much easier and safer and has increased the length of the low-water navigation season. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was in prog- ress during the year. Owing to the lack of navigation on this stretch of river, no maintenance of channels has been done since 1922. No expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1918. The controlling depth over the shoals is about 4 feet at adopted low water (lowest 15-day period). The channels through all of the rapids are more than 100 feet wide, except through Homly Rapids, where for a short distance the channel is only 70 feet wide, with a 4-foot depth. The channels in the pools between the rapids are from 400 to 1,500 feet wide. There has been no naviga- tion on this stretch of river since 1920, but the maximum draft of boats which have operated above Celilo did not usually exceed 4 feet, so that navigation is possible at the lowest stages. Although the work already done has greatly lessened the danger to navigation, considerable more work than contemplated by the existing project will, however, be necessary to give satisfactory channels through the rapids. The total cost of the existing project was as follows: United States Contributed Total funds funds New work-.... ------------------------------------------ ___ $374, 610. 90 $25,000.00 $399, 610. 90 . Maintenance-.... ----------------------------------------- 96, 826. 92 -------------- 96, 826. 92 Total..----....-----------........................... ------------------------- 471, 437.82 25,000.00 496, 437. 82 Total expenditures under existing project were $496,437.82, of which $471,437.82 were United States funds and $25,000 contributed funds. Proposed operations.-No work contemplated. The balance un- expended July 1, 1930 ($62.18), will be applied to maintenance con- tingencies. Provided navigation is resumed on this stretch of river, the sum of $13,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 in repairs to wing dams and maintenance of project channels. Commercial statistics.-There has been no commerce on the river above Celilo since the suspension of regular boat service between Portland, Oreg., and Lewiston, Idaho, in 1920. There were no boats operating commercially on the Columbia River above Lyle, Wash., during the calendar year 1929. 1880 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_______________________ __ _ $494, 610. 90 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930___ _------------------- --------- 96, 826. 92 _ Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 19301 591, 437, 82 Net total expenditures__________-________________ 591, 437.82 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ___-- 62. 18 Total amount appropriated to June 30. 1930___ 591, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .........-- -- -- -. -- ..- - ---- -------- Cost of maintenance ..--------------------- $20. 90 $796. 47 $74. 05 Total expended_ -- ----- 20. 90 796. 47 -11, 925. 95 -$450. 03 Allotted---------------------- ---------------------- 9,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 __ ---------- - - $14, 062.18 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment---------_--------14, 000. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 2. 18 6-------------------- Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 for maintenance 22- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13, 500. 00 30, 13fomaneac 13, 500.00 20. SNAKE RIVER, OREG., WASH., AND IDAHO Location and description.-The Snake River is the largest tribu- tary of Columbia River, and rises in Yellowstone National Park, in the western part of Wyoming, flows in a general westerly direction for about 1,000 miles, and empties into Columbia River near Pasco, Wash., 324 miles from the Pacific Ocean. It has a drainage area of 108,600 square miles, a low-water discharge of 14,000 second-feet, and a flood discharge of 289,000 second-feet. Between its mouth and Grande Ronde River (168 miles) it has a fall of about 3 feet per mile and a width between banks of from 800 to 1,000 feet. Above the Grande Ronde River it flows through a narrow canyon 100 to 300 feet in width, with slopes of 6 or more feet per mile. (See U. S. Geological Survey Maps of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho.) Original condition.-The river was practically unnavigable at low water and navigation was limited to stages above 3 feet on the Lewis- ton gage, which occurred during the spring months and gave a navi- gable depth of about 6 feet to Lewiston, Idaho, with a minimum channel width of about 150 feet. Notwithstanding the difficulties of navigation, the river below Lewiston formed a portion of the natural highway to the Pacific coast until the construction of the railroad to Riparia, Wash., in 1882, when boats abandoned the river below Riparia, but continued to operate above Riparia in conjunc- tion with the railroad. The head of navigation was at Lewiston, Idaho, 140 miles above the mouth, though occasional trips were made farther upstream during favorable stages. 1Does not include $25,000 contributed funds expended for new work. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1881 Previous projects.-No formal project for the improvement of Snake River was adopted by Congress prior to the act of June 13, 1902. The cost and expenditures previous to the adoption of the existing project in 1907 were $168,500, of which $153,410.26 was for new work and $15,089.74 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1991 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for general open-river improve- ment by blasting rock reefs, dredging and raking gravel bars, and by construction of some contraction works between the mouth and Pittsburg Landing, Idaho, a distance of 218 miles, with a view to securing a depth of 5 feet at low water in the existing channels from the mouth to Riparia, and thence of the, same depth and gen- erally 60 feet wide to Lewiston. No increase of depth above Lewis- ton is contemplated. The estimate of cost for new work sufficient to provide a reasonably satisfactory channel, revised in 1925, is $310,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the sections from Riparia to Lewiston (H. Doc. No. 127, 56th Cong., 2d sess.). and Lewiston to Pittsburg Landing (see Annual Reports for 1903, p. 2246, and 1906, p. 1986); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the section from the mouth to Riparia (H. Doc. No. 411, 55th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1906, page 1988. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperatio.-No conditions were imposed by law. The Washington State Legislature in 1907 provided $85,000, which was expended by the Federal Government between Riparia, Wash., and the mouth for general open-river work in accordance with the adopted project. Terminal facilities.-From the mouth to Riparia, 68 miles, there are no wharves or warehouses on the river banks. From Riparia to Lewiston, 74 miles, there are no wharves, but on the left bank there are seven wheat warehouses for storage of wheat to be transferred to the railroad on the right bank. There is no railroad on the left bank above Riparia, so that the wheat has to be transferred by river steamers to the railroad on the right bank. Lewiston, a city of 7,000, 142 miles above the mouth, owns 4,000 feet of water frontage on the Snake River and has leased 250 feet to a warehouse company which operates a warehouse located on the bank of the river, but no part of the structure extends to the low-water line and the boats land on the beach. The freight is trucked into the warehouse by means of gangplanks. A railroad track parallels the warehouse, but there is no physical connection. Asotin, a town of 1,000, 6 miles above Lewiston, has three warehouses on the river bank, but no wharves. Above Asotin there are three wheat warehouses, the farthest 11 miles above. From the mouth of the river to Riparia, 68 miles, there is a railroad on each side of the river, but no connection with the river, and there are no warehouses on the river bank on this stretch of the river. All of the wheat is hauled by rail. From Riparia to Lewis- ton, 74 miles, there is a railroad on the right bank, but no railroad on the left bank, and all of the wheat on the left bank has to be fer- 1882 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 ried across the river and is done mostly by railroad-owned boats. Above Lewiston there is no railroad near the river for a distance of 120 miles. The existing facilities are believed to be sufficient for the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) 'Elfect of improvement.-The work done above Riparia has made navigation much easier and safer and has increased the length of the low-water navigation season. Below Riparia the work already done, although it has improved the channels, has not been sufficient to benefit commerce. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Preparationsfor re- moval of dangerous rocks in the channel above Lewiston began in May, 1930, and were nearing completion at the end of the year. This work consisted of building. drill boats and motor boats and shipping plant up river to the work prior to the coming low-water season. No other work was done during the year. The only navigation on the river is done by gasoline boats operating above Lewiston and one steamer used for transfer of wheat across the river to the rail- road at points above Riparia. There was no navigation on the river below Riparia. The total cost for the year was $1,464.84, for new work. Expenditures for the year were $3,614.72. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 78 per cent completed. No active work has been done toward the com- pletion or maintenance of the project for about eight years. No surveys have been made since 1918. The controlling depth on the shoals between the mouth of the river and Riparia (68 miles) was (in 1918) 2 feet and at one point only (Long Crossing bar, 34 miles above the mouth); between Riparia and Lewiston (74 miles), 21/2 feet at one point (Log Cabin rapids), 108 miles above the mouth; above Lewiston to Pittsburg Landing (76 miles), about 2 feet. The adopted low-water plane is the lowest 15-day period (-0.3 on Lew- iston gage). The channels below Lewiston are from 240 to 700 feet wide in the pools and from 60 to 150 feet wide through the rapids. Above Lewiston the channels are, at extremely low water, from 50 to 100 feet wide. From the mouth to Riparia, on account of the crooked channels through the rapids, commercial navigation has been limited to stages above 3 feet on Lewiston gage, which per- mits a 4-foot draft to Lewiston. This gives a navigation season of about 150 days (from February to August). Extreme low water occurs from July to October. A second navigation stage usually occurs during the fall and winter months, but the commercial boats, when operating, did not take advantage of a boating stage during those months and usually suspended operations in July. Between Riparia and a point about 12 miles above Lewiston navigation is usually continuous, except during extreme low water, which, how- ever, does not occur every year. Above the Grande Ronde River (29 miles above Lewiston) there is no navigation at very low stages, and during the past 20 years navigation above that point has been limited to high-powered launches. Navigation during the past 10 years has been limited to the operation of one steamboat, owned by the Oregon-Washington Railroad & Navigation Co., and used for transferring wheat, and the operation of one or two gasoline boats during favorable stages of river from Lewiston to Johnsons bar, a RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1883 distance of about 100 miles. The work remaining to be done to com- plete the project is the removal of dangerous rocks above Lewiston and the widening and deepening of the existing channels to project dimensions, which contemplates a depth of 5 feet from the mouth to Lewiston. It is not believed, however, that this can be obtained at all points by open-river methods of improvement. The total cost under the existing project was as follows: United States Contributed funds funds New work.................------------.....................------------------------------ $139, 715. 67 $85, 000. 00 $224, 715. 67 Maintenance.......------------------------------------........ -167, 143.46 167, 143. 46 Total__ ------------------------- -------------- 306, 859. 13 85, 000.00 391, 859. 13 Total expenditures under the existing project were $394,009.01, of which $309,009.01 were United States funds and $85,000 contributed funds. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended July 1, 1930, to new work above Lewiston, Idaho. New work: Removal of dangerous rocks, Lewiston to Pittsburg landing------------ --------------------------------- $4, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------------- 3, 000. 00 Contingencies --------------------------------------------- 1, 156. 45 Total---------- ---------------------------------- 8, 156. 45 The available funds will be exhausted June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 will be applied to new work and maintenance of channels, as follows: New work: Removal of dangerous rocks, Lewiston to Pittsburg Landing_ $5, 000 Maintenance of existing channels below Lewiston-------------------- 8, 000 Contingencies --------------------------------------------- 1, 000 Total -------------------------------------- --- 14, 000 Commercial statistics.-Duringthe calendar year 1929, a total of 20,772 tons of freight, valued at $1,161,894, was handled on the river. Over 90 per cent of this traffic consisted of grain, moved by the railroad-owned steamer from landings on the left bank of the river to railroad points on the right bank. This movement was confined almost entirely to the stretch of river between Riparia and Couse Creek. Aside from grain, the most important commodities handled were sheep, wool, hay, mill feed, and merchandise. This traffic was, mainly, to and from Lewiston. Comparative statement Freight Freight Year Passengers Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925_ _ _ 11, 954 $569, 742 660 1928 ... 25,329 $1,238,451 1,927 1926 . __ . 23, 868 1, 524, 477 1, 286 1929-......... 20, 772 1, 161, 894 1,688 1927 .. .. 24, 323 1, 383, 850 2, 043 1884 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 There was a decrease of about 20 per cent in the grain handled during the year as compared to that of the preceding year 1928; other freight, however, was moved in about the same volume. The above traffic was handled by three transportation lines. The usual limits of draft for loaded boats operating on the river below Lewiston is 4 feet during high water and from 21/2 to 3 feet at low water. Launches operate to a point nearly 100 miles above Lewiston on a draft of 30 inches, with a 2-foot stage at Lewiston. A description of the movement of the traffic by section follows: Riparia, Wash., to Couse Creek, Wash., to Couse Creek, Wash. Johnson's bar Commodities To'ns Value Tons Value Grain._____ ------------------- ---------------- -- 19,141 $843,257 244 $11,129 Other freight__------ ----- i_1,631 318, 637 1,551 312, 337 Total.__..___ _________.___________. 20,772 1,161,894 1,795 323, 466 The traffic shown in the above table under the section " Couse Creek, Wash., to Johnson's bar," was handled also within the section "Riparia, Wash., to Couse Creek, Wash." and is included in both sections. There was no traffic on the Snake River below Riparia during the calendar year 1929. Cost and fi nanciial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_____---__-__________ $293, 125. 93 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_________________________ 182, 233.20 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_____________ 475, 359. 13 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930_ __ 4, 639. 37 Net total cost to June 30, 1930----________-___________ 479, 998. 50 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 -------------- ______ -_ 24. 12 )Gross total costs to June 30, 1930___________________________ 480, 022. 62 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930__------------- 2, 513.61 Net total expenditures ___________ _______________ 477, 509.01 Unexpended balance from June 30, 1930__--- -___-___. - 8, 156. 45 -_______ Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930______________ 485, 665. 46 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work----------------$1,464. 84 Cost of maintenance -------------------- $525. 28 -........... $322. 54 Total expended....... -----_________............... 525. 28 ------------ 322. 54 -$21. 22 3, 614. 72 Allotted-----------------_----- -__- 1,000.00 $7,000.00 -6,000.00 ------------ 1,000. 00 1Does not include $85,000 contributed funds expended for new work. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1885 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929____________________________$10, 771.17 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ------------------------------------- 6,000.00 Amount to be accounted for __-- 16, 771.17 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment----- 5, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for _____- -- _ 11, 771. 17 Gross amount expended _-____ ______ _ - ----- 3, 614. 72 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------- 8, 156. 45 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930____- -- - 3, 000. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930 __--- 5, 156. 45 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930_________ 24. 12 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930 5, 180. 57 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 ...-- 80, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: For new work 1 5, 000. 00 For maintenance 1- 9, 000. 00 Total -__-_ 14, 000. 00 21. LAKE RIVER, WASH. Location and description.-Lake River in Clark County, Wash., has its source about 5 miles east of the city of Vancouver, Wash., in Burnt Bridge Creek, a small stream running into Vancouver Lake, about 2 miles northwest of Vancouver. Running through the lake, and emerging at the north end, the stream changes its name to Lake River, and flowing in a northerly direction for about 11 miles empties into Columbia River near the mouth of Lewis River, Wash., about 14 miles below the mouth of Willamette River. Its total length from source to mouth is about 25 miles and its watershed about 154 square miles. The current is sluggish. The average width of the river varies from 75 feet at Felida, 11 miles above the mouth, to 300 feet at the mouth. The banks are of clay and loam fairly stable and from 10 to 21 feet in height above low water. The low-water season extends from September to January. (See map of Columbia National Forest, U. S. Forest Service, 1920.) Original condition.-Due to a depth, at times, of 4 feet at low water over the bar at the mouth of the river considerable delay in the delivery of logs and lumber to deep-water transportation in Co- lumbia River, and to Portland and other sawmills, was caused during the low-water season. Above the mouth of the river there was a good channel with a controlling depth of 6 feet at low water up to Ridgefield, 3 miles. From Ridgefield up to Felida (8 miles) there were five or six shoal bars where the depth varied from 21/2 to 4 feet at low water. Removal of snags in the river was necessary from time to time, particularly in the reach between Ridgefield and Felida. Previous projects.-None. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1886 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at low water and 100 feet wide between the mouth of the river and Ridge- field (3 miles). The mean tidal range at the mouth of the river is 2 feet. The estimated cost of new work, made in 1930, is $3,000, with $1,000 annually for maintenance. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, in accordance with House Committee Document No. 2, Sixty- ninth Congress, first session, as modified by the report of the War Department dated May 10, 1930, pursuant to the commerce commit- tee resolution of February 22, 1930. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required. Terminal facilities.-There are four usable timber wharves on Lake River. These are at Ridgefield, 21/2miles above the mouth of the river. Two of these wharves are open to the public for use, and two are privately owned. The principal traffic is floated logs, which are placed in the river from a log dump connected with the railway at Felida. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-No work has yet been done on the project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-There was a controlling depth of 5 feet at low water over the bar at the mouth of the river, 6 feet thence to Ridgefield, and about 21/2 feet thence to Felida. Proposed operations.--None. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercialstatistics.-Duringthe calendar year 1929 the following commerce was carried on Lake River: Freight, 3,162 tons, valued at $218,781; rafted logs, 169,498 tons, valued at $1,355,984. About 98 per cent of this tonnage originated at Felida and con- sisted of logs reaching the river at that point by rail. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930____________________--------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------- $3, 000. 00 22. LEWIS RIVER, WASH. Location and description.-The Lewis River rises in the Cascade Range in the State of Washington, flows westerly and southwesterly 110 miles and empties into the Columbia River about 26 miles below Portland. About 33/4 miles above its mouth the river separates into two branches, the North Fork, about 106 miles, and the East Fork, about 36 miles in length. The drainage area is about 1,070 square miles, and the average minimum discharge during September and October is about 1,300 second-feet at Ariel (Runyon), on the North Fork 23 miles above the mouth. The stream is tidal to La Center, on the East Fork, and to Woodland, on the North Fork, 63/4 and 71/4 miles, respectively, above the mouth. The average fall per mile at low water from Woodland to the forks is about 0.9 foot, from RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTF'JCT 1887 La Center to the forks about 0.17 foot, and from the forks to the mouth of the river about 0.7 foot. Average width between banks on the main river about 500 feet and on the East and North Forks from 150 to 200 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 6153 and 6154.) Original condition.-The river was obstructed by snags, overhang- ing trees, and shoals and was navigable for small, light-draft boats only. La Center, on the East Fork, 6% miles, and Woodland, on the North Fork, 71/4 miles above the mouth, were the heads of naviga- tion, respectively. Logging operations on the North Fork were carried on for about 45 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, and modified by the river and har- bor act of June 13, 1902. The cost and expenditures thereunder prior to comnunencement of work under the existing project in 1914 were $30,350, of which $22,251.62 was for new work and $8,098.38 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 2001, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a low-water channel 6 feet deep and 50 feet wide to the forks (33/4 miles); 4 feet deep and 50 feet wide on the East Fork from its mouth to La Center (3 miles); 4 feet deep and 50 feet wide on the North Fork from its mouth to Woodland (3 miles), to be secured by dredging and by the con- struction of regulating works and for clearing the channel to Run- yon (16 miles above Woodland). The variation of water level due to tide ranges from about 2 feet at the mouth to 11/2 feet at La Center and zero at Woodland. During freshets a stage of about 18 feet in the main river is reached. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1913, is $61,500, exclusive of amounts expended under pre- vious projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 28, 62d Cong., 1st sess.). (For latest published map see p. 3557 of Annual Report for 1904.) Recommended modifications of project.-It is recommended that the project be modified by eliminating all work on the East Fork and on the North Fork above Woodland (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong. 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-None required by law. About one-half mile below Woodland the county authorities have expended approxi- mately $10,000, and at Robinson Bend, about 2 miles above Wood- land, $25,000, on bank revetment; and the Lewis River Boom & Log- ging Co. built three pile and brush jetties about 1 mile above the mouth at an estimated cost of $1,500. Terminal facilities.-At La Center, on the East Fork, and at Woodland, on the North Fork, respectively, the terminals, pile and timber structures, are publicly owned and are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement on the North Fork has extended the period of low-water navigation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. Costs and expenditures during the year amounted to $0.60. 11714--mo 1930---119 1888 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, IU. S. ARMY, 1930 Condition at end of facal year.-The existing project is completed. The work done has extended the period of low-water navigation to Woodland and La Center, to which points the controlling depths are about 2 feet and 1 foot, respectively. The controlling depth to Runyon (now called Ariel) ih 1909 was about 1 foot at low water. The total cost of the existing project was $94,276.25, of which $35,- 880.44 was for new work and $58,395.81 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $94,276.25. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended July 1, 1930, to maintenance, as follows: Removal of obstructions by Government or hired plant------------ $250.00 Contingencies------------------------------ 73. 75 Total ------------------------------- ------ --------- 323. 75 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Removal of obstructions by Government or hired plant--------------$800 Contingencies--------------------------------------------200 Total------- ----- -- -------------------- 1, 000 Commercial statistics.-The traffic on the Lewis River during the calendar year 1929, amounted to 658 tons, valued at $3,105, consist- ing entirely of rafted logs. The logs were towed from a point on the north fork of the river above Woodland to a sawmill on the Columbia River. A total of 3 trips of vessels was made in connection with the above traffic. Comparative statement Freight 1 Floated and rafted logs and piling Year Tons Value Tons Value 1925 ......------------...........----------- ------------............----------------- 0 $0 1,928 $14,942 1926 ....----------.................................----....--..--------------------- ----------........ 0 16, 500 264, 000 1927 .............................---------------------------------------------------- 0 0 15,572 215,418 1928...........................-------------------------------------------------- 840 630 1,317 5, 268 1929............---------------------------------------------------- 0 0 658 3,10f 1 Exclusive of floated and rafted logs and piling. The sawmill at Woodland was not operated during the calendar year 1929, which accounts for the reduction of the traffic in logs and piling. The usual limits of draft of boats operating on the river are: 1 foot on the East Fork, 2 feet on the North Fork, and 6 feet on the river below the forks. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $58, 132.06 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1.930---------------------__ 66, 494. 19 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-----------124, 626. 25 Net total expenditures -- _ .----_---___ 124, 626.25 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 __ 323. 75 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ---------- 124, 950. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1889 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 .. ... Cost of new work---------- .......------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance------------------$384.83 $32. 76 $47. 68------------ $0.60 Total expended----------------------384. 83 32. 76 37. 50- .60 Allotted -------------------------------------------- 500.00 -------- -2,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_________________________------- $2,324.35 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-------------- 2, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for ______________-------- 324. 35 Gross amount expended----------------------------------------- .60 Balance unexpended June 30, 1.930-------------------------- 323. 75 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1_________-___---------___ __ ___ 1, 000.00 23. COWLITZ RIVER, WASIH. Location and description.-The Cowlitz River rises in the Cascade Range in the State of Washington, flows westerly and southerly about 120 miles, and empties into the Columbia River about 45 miles below Portland. The drainage area is about 2,460 square miles and the low-water discharge at Toledo, about 37 miles above the mouth, during September is about 1,300 second-feet. The stream is tidal to Ostrander, about 9 miles above the mouth, and the average fall per mile at low water from Toledo to Castle Rock is about 3.3 feet, from Castle Rock to Ostrander about 2.5 feet, and from Ostrander to the mouth about 0.30 foot. The average width between the banks is about 1,000 feet near the mouth and 500 feet at Toledo. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6153.) Original condition.-The river was obstructed by snags, drifts, and shoals, and had a minimum usable low-water depth of about 14 inches. Toledo, 37 miles above the mouth, was the head of regular steamboat navigation. When the river was high, light-draft boats proceeded about 10 miles above Toledo. Logging operations were carried on about 50 miles farther upstream. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, and the total cost and expenditures thereunder prior to commencement of work under the existing proj- ect, in 1912, were $53,182.93, of which $4,999 was for new work and $48,183.93 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 2000 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 4 feet deep and 50 feet wide from the mouth to Ostrander (9 miles), thence 21/2 feet deep and 50 feet wide to Castle Rock (10 miles), and thence 21/2 feet deep at low water and not less than 40 feet wide to Toledo (18 miles), to be secured by snagging, dredging, and regulating works. The water level, due to tides, varies from 4 feet at the mouth to zero at Ostrander, and there is an extreme fluctuation of about 20 feet dur- ing freshets. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1912, was $39,100, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1890 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1167, 60th Cong., 2d sess., from the mouth to Castle Rock, and H. Doc. No. 404, 61st Cong., 2d sess., from Castle Rock to Toledo). For the latest published map see House Document No. 1167, Sixtieth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-It is recommended that the project be modified by the elimination of all work above Castle Rock (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). Local cooperation.-No conditions requiring local cooperation have been prescribed by Congress. However, since 1898 persons in- terested in the improvement of the river have furnished the funds for and built a total of approximately 1,900 linear feet of pile, brush, and rock jetties at Monticello, Clarks, Ostrander, Old Lexington, and Big Sandy Bars, at an estimated cost of $8,400. In addition, dredging between Kelso and Ostrander has been done at an estimated cost of $2,000. Terminal facilities.-Above Kelso these are limited to two log dumps. At Kelso there are a number of small private docks and one public landing. Between Kelso and the mouth there is one private mill dock. These facilities are considered adequate for present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Boats drawing 2 feet regularly navigate the river at low water between log booms about 2 miles below Os- trander and the mouth. A steamboat line is making three round trips weekly between Portland and the Longiew Pulp & Paper Mill dock, about 3 miles above the mouth of the river. There is no navigation and no traffic other than floated logs and ties above Ostrander. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were removed during the year from the channel near Kelso (5 miles above the mouth of the river) 11,474 cubic yards of material. The work was done by hired dredge at a cost of $1,629.78 for maintenance. 'The total expenditures during the fiscal year amounted to $1,690. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913, at a saving of $6,192 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth between the mouth and Ostrander is about 2 feet. The total cost of the existing project was $99,465.42, of which $32,- 907.62 was for new work and $66,557.80 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $99,525.64. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended July 1, 1930, to maintenance, as follows: Operation and rental of Government or hired plant-------------- $17, 400. 00 Local surveys 00. 00 6--------------------- Contingencies--------------------------------------------- 1, 141.43 Total ------------------------------ 19, 141. 43 The rate of expenditure of funds will be about $4,000 per month for 41/2 months and $152 per month for 71/2 months. The funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. RIVERS ANDI) HARBORS--PORTLAND, OGREG., DISTRICT 1891 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Operation and rental of Government or hired plant------------------- $3, 200 Contingencies ---------------------------------- 300 Total ----------- ----- ------- 3, 500 The amount above estimated is in excess of the approved estimate for maintenance. Conditions of the channel and demands of navi- gation necessitate the greater expenditure. Commercial statistics.-Duringthe calendar year 1929 a total of 849,889 tons of freight, valued at $4,537,803, was handled on the river. Principal commodities were logs and piling, paper, fuel oil, lumber, and sand and gravel. The traffic was handled by one freight and passenger line and three towboat lines. The usual limit of draft for boats operating on the river is about 4 feet. Comparative statement of traffic Freight 1 Floated and rafted logs Yearand piling Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value 1925 - - - - - --------- - 53, 850 $5, 433, 089 244, 588 $1, 894,124 325 1926 ............._ ................------- . 35, 804 1, 081, 524 514,306 4,108,620 20 1927-.-------------------------------- _---- 90,916 817,022 1,311,807 5,269,929 0 1928------------------------------------------ - 41,307 2,223,206 791,460 3, 172,620 0 1929 .....---------------....----------...-----------...... 55, 463 1,355, 936 794,426 3,181, 867 0 1 Exclusive of floated and rafted logs and piling. The tonnage in rafted logs and piling was practically the same during the year 1929 as for the previous year. Sand, gravel, and lumber were moved on the river in considerable quantity. The ton- nge of sand and gravel handled, together with a much larger move- ment of lumber than in the previous year, accounts for increase in tonnage above shown. The movement of the more valuable freight, mainly paper, was, however, considerably less than in the preceding year, the net result being a large reduction in the total value. A description of the traffic, by section, follows: COWLITZ RIVER BETWEEN THE MOUTH AND OSTRANDER Mouth to Kelso Kelso to Ostrander Commodities Tons Value Tons Value Logs and piling-........----------------------------- 742, 226 $2, 973, 067 676, 600 $2, 706,400 Other freight---------...............--------------------------------- 55,463 1, 355, 936 34, 787 434, 414 Total------..........---------------- --------- - 797, 680 4, 329, 003 711, 387 3, 140, 814 Norn- Logs and piling: Aside from 52,200 tons of logs used locally on the river, all of the logs and piling were towed out of the river to sawmills on the Columbia and Willamette Rivers. Other freight: About 20 per cent of this traffic, consisting almost entirely of paper, was handled between Portland and the paper mill loecated about 3 miles above the mouth of the Cowlits River. Fuel oil and lumber, comprising approximately 60 per cent of the traffic, were moved over the entire stretch of river between the mouth and Ostrander. The balance consisted of sand and gravel, the movement of which on the Cowlitz River was confined to the stretch between the mouth and points about 3 miles above. There was no traffic on the river above Ostrander during the year. 1892 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__________-------------__ $37, 906. 62 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--_-----------------------__ 114, 741. 73 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_----------- 152, 648. 35 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930__________----60. 22 Net total expenditures-----------------------------------152, 708.57 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930___________------------- 19, 141.43 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930___ __ ____---- 171,850.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work......--------------- - - -. ------------- Cost of maintenance -------------------- .. $495. 44 $131. 67 $404. 76 - $34. 60 $1, 629. 78 Total expended.-----------. ....... ---. - 495. 44 131. 67 437. 86 1. 50 1, 690. 00 Allotted--........--------------------------------------------- 000.00 I 18,500.00 ....----------- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------$2, 331.43 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--------------------------------------------- 18, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for------------------------------ 20, 831.43 Gross amount expended 90.00 1,------------------------ Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 141.43 1------------------------9, Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 3, 500. 00 24. SKAMOKAWA (STEAMBOAT) SLOUGH, WASH. Location and description.-Skamokawa slough (officially known as Steamboat slough) is connected with Columbia River. It sepa- rates from the mainland Prices Island, which lies along the right (or Washington) bank of Columbia River and is about 34 miles above its mouth. The slough is about 2 miles long and the width varies from 200 to 400 feet. At its lower end it joins Skamokawa Creek where the creek empties into Columbia River. The average rise and fall of tide is 5 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6152.) Original condition.-There has been practically no change in the condition of Skamokawa slough for many years. Dimensions of channel were 16 feet deep at mean lower low water and about 100 feet wide. The slough was used for small freight and passenger steamboat traffic and for the transportation of the product of three shingle mills and one lumber mill located on its right bank. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 24 feet deep and 150 feet wide, from Columbia River to Winter's wharf (about one- half mile) with a turning basin of the same depth 250 feet square. Mean tidal range in the slough is about 5 feet. The estimated cost of the improvement is $28,300, of which two- thirds, or not to exceed $20,000, is to be contributed by local interests. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1893 The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 502, 70th Cong., 2d sess.). This document con- tains the latest published map. Recomnmended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, in adopting the project provides that local interests shall contribute two-thirds, or not to exceed $20,000, to the cost of the work and shall also furnish suitable dumping grounds without cost to the United States, and maintain the improvement at their own expense after completion. None of these conditions have been complied with. Terminal faclities.-There are four timber wharves at the lower end of Skamokawa slough, one of which is used for freight and general passenger traffic and the other three by the Columbia River Shingle Co., the Newberg Shingle Co., and the Winter Mill Co. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. Effect of imnprovemet.-No work has been done. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done under the project. The controlling depth of the channel is about 16 feet. Proposed operations.-None. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statisties.-No record of commerce has been main- tained during previous years, and can not now be obtained with reasonable accuracy. Traffic consists mainly of towed logs, lumber, and shingles. Cost and ftnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_______________________________ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__ Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------------------------------------$9, 450. 00 25. SKAMOKAWA CREEK, WASH. Location and description.-Skamokawa Creek rises in Wahkia- kum County, in the southwestern part of the State of Washington, flows southwesterly and southerly about 10 miles, and empties into the Columbia River about 34 miles from the mouth. The creek has three branches, which unite about 11/2 miles above its mouth. The drainage area is about 40 square miles. The lower portion-1/ 2 miles-of the creek is tidal. The average width between banks on this section of the creek is from 75 feet on the upper portion to about 600 feet near the mouth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6152.) Original condition.-From the mouth of the stream to the forks, the head of navigation, about 11/2 miles, the channel was obstructed by shoals, over which there was a minimum usable depth of about 212 feet at mean low water from Steamboat slough to Brooks slough and about 1 foot thence to the head of navigation. Above this point 1894. REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 the branches were too small and crooked for navigation. Logging was carried on for a considerable distance above the forks. Previous projects.-None. Exsting project.-This provides for a channel 61/2 feet deep at mean low water and 75 feet wide on the bottom between Steamboat and Brooks sloughs, about 1,600 feet. The variation of water level due to tides is about 5 feet and to freshets about 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1919, was $2,400. The latest (1925) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 111, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation--None. Terminal facilities.-There are three privately owned wharves, one on Steamboat slough and two above Brooks slough, used for general freight and passenger purposes, and these are considered adequate for the present or prospective demands of commerce. Effect of improvement.-A safer and easier channel has been pro- vided at a lower stage of water than prior to the improvement. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The U. S. bucket dredge Monticello removed 3,658 cubic yards of material from the stretch of river under improvement, restoring project depth and width at a cost of $877.12 for maintenance. The total amount expended during the year was $877.12. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1920. The channel is in good condition, the controlling depth being about 61/2 feet at mean low water. The total cost of the existing project is $14,013.88, of which $2,400 was for new work and $11,613.88 for maintenance. The total expenditure amounted to $14,013.88. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended July 1, 1930, to maintenance, as follows: Operation and rental of Government or hired plant--------------- $2, 000. 00 Local surveys ----------------------------------- ---- 200. 00 Contingencies ----------------------------------------------- 386. 12 Total---- ---------------------------------------- 2, 586. 12 The monthly rate of expenditure of funds will be about $2,000 for one month and $53 for 11 months. The funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Operation and rental of Government or hired plant-----------------$1, 500 ----- .. Contingencies- . --. .. _ 300 30 Contngenies--------- ------------------------------------- Total ------------------------------------------------- 1,800 Maintenance of the channel is necessary to prevent accumulation of debris and silt in the channel due to annual freshets. Commercial stati8ties.-A total of 138,571 tons of freight, .valued at $692,205, was handled on Skamokawa Creek during the calendar year 1929. This traffic consisted mainly of rafted logs, there being a small additional movement of which mill feed, fuel oil and mer- chandise were the principal commodities. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1895 The traffic was handled by two freight and passenger lines and about six towboat lines. The usual limit of draft of boats operating on the creek is about 6 feet. Comparative statement Freight 1 Rafted logs and piling Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925----------.... .....--.....--------------..... ..--------... 1, 468 $74, 164 86, 179 $664, 087 0 1926 ----------------------------------- 1, 583 76, 080 65, 000 520, 000 0 1927 ----------------------------------- 1, 524 92, 436 138, 915 555, 660 0 1928 ...----------. ------------------------- 1, 785 159, 684 127, 669 510, 676 2,860 1929_ ..----------------------------------- 2, 204 146, 737 136, 367 545, 468 2, I27 1 Exclusive of rafted logs and piling. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__________ __________ _____ $2, 400.00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------------------------- 11,613.88 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ------ 14, 013.88 Net total expenditures__ _ __________- __ -- 14, 013. 88 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------------ 2, 586. 12 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-----------------_ 16, 600. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 C ost of new w ork.. . . . . . . . - .- .. . ..- . . . ..- ' . . . . .-. . . . . . . . . . . . Cost of maintenance-.------------------- $1, 419.00 $2, 793. 30 $929. 08 $1, 936.16 $877.12 Total expended-------------------------- 1,419. 00 2, 793. 30 855. 08 1,981. 68 877. 12 Allotted.... .. .. 2,000.00 ......-----------------------------... 2,100.00 1,000.00 1,200.00 200.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 -------------------------- $1, 46. 24 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 -------------------------------------- 2,000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_______________________________ 3, 463. 24 Gross amount expended -- ------------- 877. 12 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 _____________- - _______ 2, 586. 12 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June -- -- 30, 1932, for maintenance 1________________ ____________ _ 1, 800. 00 26. GRAYS RIVER, WASH. Location and description.-GraysRiver rises in the Coast Range in the State of Washington, flows southwesterly about 30 miles, and empties into Grays Bay in the estuary of the Columbia River nearly opposite the city of Astoria. The drainage area is about 130 square miles, and the low-water discharge during July and August is esti- mated at about 120 second-feet. The stream is tidal to Grays River, about 8 miles above the mouth, and the estimated fall per mile at 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1896 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1980 low water is about 0.25 of a foot. The average width between the banks is about 250 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6151.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and winding, ob- structed by snags, logs, overhanging trees, and shoals. The town of Grays River, about 8 miles above the mouth, was the head of steam- boat navigation, to which point there was a minimum usable depth of about 3 feet at mean low water. Logging was- carried on for some distance above the town. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--This provides for the removal of snags and other obstructions from the channel and overhanging trees from the banks between the mouth and the town of Grays River, 8 miles. The tidal range at the mouth between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is about 8 feet, and the extreme range is about 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1907, was $2,500. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907. (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 1, 59th Gong., 2d sess.) There is no published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.- The terminals are natural landings or small wharves, privately owned, and are considered adequate for the pres- ent commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The channel is safe and easy of naviga- tion at a lower stage of water than prior to the improvement. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions during the year, and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1909. There is at present no steamboat service on the river ahd none in prospect. The river is in fairly good condition, but shoal. For about 61/2 miles above the mouth the controlling depth is 2 feet, and above that, to Grays River town, 11/2 miles farther up, it is practically dry in two places at low-water stage. The river is used for logs only above Grays River town. The total cost and amount expended under the existing project is $6,007.99, of which $2,500 was for new work and $3,507.99 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds un- expended July 1, 1930, to maintenance, as follows: Removal of obstructions in the channel by Government or hired plant__ $690. 00 Contingencies ---- ----------------------------------- 102. 01 Total----------- ------------------------------------ 792. 01 No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 since the balance on hand July 1, 1930, will probably be sufficient to cover any necessary expenditures during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistic.-The traffic on the river during the calendar year 1929 amounted to 70,841 tons with a value of $445,324. The movement of this traffic, on Grays River, was confined to the section between the mouth and Rosburg, about 4 miles above. Logs, which comprised the bulk of the tonnage, were rafted near RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1897 the log dump at Rosburg and towed out of the river. Of the other principal commodities, the movement of lumber, fuel oil, iron, and steel, and merchandise, was upstream to Rosburg; shingles were transported downstream from the mill at Rosburg; and farm prod- ucts were handled to or from small landings between Rosburg and the mouth of the river. The traffic was handled by one freight and passenger line and two towboat lines. The river is practically dry at low water; however, when advan- tage is taken of the tides, a depth of about 6 feet, between the mouth and the town of Grays River, is available. Comparative statement Floated and rafted logs Freight 1 and piling Year i Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925 .. . . . . ... .... ... _ _ 238 $7, 624 12, 362 $95, 806 0 1926__ - - - - - - - - - __.- .- - 100 40, 000 3, 809 30, 472 0 1927............. .__ 1, 740 217, 957 46, 948 187, 792 0 1928 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2, 915 161, 861 40, 812 199, 248 220 1929._- - 3, 184 175, 496 67, 657 269, 828 218 1 Exclusive of floated and rafted logs and piling. The traffic within the last three years, and especially in the calen- dar year 1929, shows a decided growth in volume. This is the result of the enlarged output of logs in the vicinity, shingle production at Rosburg, and the growing traffic furnished by the farming popula- tion along the river. Cost and financial summsnary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ___________-----------_ $2, 500. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ __- 3, 507.99 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 6, 007. 99 Net total expenditures__ __-______ 6, 007. 99 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_____.-_ 792.01 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 -- __ 6, 800. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 wor f ne Cost Cost of new work.-_---------. .. -- - - Cost of maintenance_________.._______ 19. 12 -- - Total expended_____________________ 19.12------------ --------- ----------- Allotted...........-----------------.. --------- I .-- -$700.00 -- Balance unexpended July, 1929_ .-. ___._______ -___________ _ $792. 01 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------------------792.01 27. DEEP RIVER, WASH. Location and description.-Deep River (formerly known as Ala- micut River) is situated in Wahkiakum County, in the State of 189 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Washington. The river is better described as a tidal slough extend- ing about 4 miles inland in a northerly direction from Grays Bay, an estuary of Columbia River on its right bank 20 miles from the ocean. The river is fed by two or three small streams above the head of the slough. The width of Deep River between banks varies from 150 to 500 feet. The tidal variation in the river is' 6 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6151.) Original condition.-There were two shoal bars in the tortuous channel of approach between Columbia River and the mouth of Deep River, one about one-half mile from the entrance toward the Columbia, and the other in the entrance proper. There was a con- trolling depth of 4 feet at low water on these shoals. From the mouth of the river to the town of Deep River the river was from 150 to 500 feet wide with a channel from 10 to 15 feet deep, excepting a shoal just below the town of Deep River, where the controlling depth was 5 feet at low water. Steamboats and launches using the river had a draft of from 5 to a little over 6 feet and were obliged to wait for suitable tidal conditions. The town of Deep River, 4 miles above the mouth of the river, was the head of navigation. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at mean lower low water, 100 feet wide through the bar at the entrance, and 60 feet wide in the river up to the town of Deep River. The mean range of tide is 6 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1927, is $18,200. The latest (1923) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $2,400. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925 (H. Doc. No. 218, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). There is no published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is one privately owned dock at the town of Deep River. This is used for general freight and passenger pur- poses and is considered adequate for the present demands of com merce. Effect of improvement.-Vessels now using the river can enter at all stages of tide. The regular freight and passenger boat is now able to maintain a faster and more dependable schedule. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. dredge Monticello removed 6,489 cubic yards of material from the channel, restoring the project depth and width, at a cost of $1,484.61 for main- tenance. The expenditures were $1,484.61. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1928. There is now a channel between deep water in Columbia River 8 feet deep at mean lower low water with a least width of 100 feet as far as the mouth of Deep River, and 8 feet deep and 60 feet wide thence to the town of Deep River. The total cost of the existing project was $16,992.01, of which $15,384.40 was for new work and $1,607.61 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $16,992.01. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended July 1, 1930, to maintenance, as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1899 Operation and rental of Government or hired plant________________ $2, 850. 00 Local surveys--------------------------------------------------- 400. 00 Contingencies -------------------------------- 357. 99 Total-------------------------------3, 607. 99 The monthly rate of expenditure of funds will be about $3,000 for 1 month and $54 for 11 months. The funds will be exhausted by about June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Operation, and rental of Government or hired plant________________ $1, 700 Contingencies -------- -300 Total------------------------------------------- -- -------- 2, 000 Maintenance of the channel is necessary to offset shoaling due to tidal action. Commercial statistics.-Thetraffic on the river during the calendar year 1929 amounted to 192,217 tons, valued at $1,103,929. This traffic was comprised of logs and piling, lumber, petroleum products, machinery, and merchandise, of which logs and piling were the major commodities in tonnage. These commodities totaled about 97 per cent of the total traffic. All of the traffic was handled over the entire stretch of river be- tween the town of Deep River and the mouth. The traffic was handled by one freight and passenger boat and four towboat lines. The usual limit of draft on the river between Deep River and the mouth is about 8 feet. Comparative statement Freight , Floated and rafted logs and piling Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925-----------.....--.......--........-------------------...---- 5, 864 $378, 241 14, 411 50, 812 $393, 793 1926-----........------------------------------ 4, 691 290, 944 14, 965 40, 040 323, 320 1927 ..... .. ..........-------------------- ..--------------- 4,371 239, 335 13, 553 100, 751 403,004 1928....----------------------------------- 5, 493 377, 823 13, 022 98, 216 392, 864 1929----------------------------------- 5, 241 356, 025 10, 102 186, 976 747, 904 1 Exclusive of floated and rafted logs and piling. The traffic increase of about 100 per cent in logs and piling as compared to the movement of these commodities in 1928, was due to the increased output in the vicinity of the town of Deep River. Other freight was handled in about the same volume. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------ $15, 384. 40 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------___________________ 1, 607. 61 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 6, 992. 01 1______________ Net total expenditures_ -, _16, 992. 01 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930- ------------ -_ - 3, 607.99 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 --.-... - 20, 600. 00 1900 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-......---- -------------------------- --------- $15,384. 40 - Cost of maintenance-------------------------------------------------$123.00 $1,484.61 Total expended--__.------ ---------------------- _----------_ 15, 488. 40 19. 00 1,484. 61 Allotted.......----- ---------- ...----------..------------.............. $18,200.00 ..---------------------- 2, 400.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929___ $2, 692.60 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ------------------------------------------- 2, 400. 00 Amounted to be accounted for--------------------------- 5, 092. 60 Gross amount expended ------------------------------------- 1, 484. 61 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ----------------- 3, 607. 99 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2, 000. 00 30, 1932, for maintenance 1 28. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of prelimi- nary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, t69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928); collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspections, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor- line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in connection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year amounted to $23,037.57; the expenditures were $21,625.75. The bal- ance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $25,000 can be profit- ably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Cost and financial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-_ ___ _ $37, 242. 97 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------------- 2, 202. 34 Net total expenditures-------------------------------- 35, 040. 63 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 16, 059. 37 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------------51, 100. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ------------------- ---------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance....------- ---... -- ------------------------------.. $14, 205.40 $23, 037. 57 Total expended..--------------- ---------------------------- 13, 414.88 21, 625.75 Allotted------------------------------------------.........------------....... $7, 500. 00 25, 000. 00 18, 600. 00 SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT 1901 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_________ ______,___$19, 085.12 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930__-------- ---------- $13, 000.00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930--------------------------------------------- 3, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929_______________-______ 2, 600. 00 18, 600.00 Amount to be accounted for------------------------------ 37, 685. 12 Gross amount expended_______________ 21, 625. 75 ____----------------------------------_ Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_______----------------- 16, 059. 37 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930______--------- __________- 1, 677. 34 - Balance available June 30, 1930---________----- ________ 14, 382. 03 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 1________- _____-___ 25, 000. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JANUARY 21, 1927 Reports dated March 13, 1928, and February 21, 1929, with maps, on preliminary examination and survey of Willamette River, Oreg., between Fortland and Salem, required by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, were duly submitted by the district en- gineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 372, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 8 feet deep and 200 feet wide between Portland and the foot of Cedar Island, and a channel 8 feet deep and 150 feet wide from the foot of Cedar Island to Oregon City, at' an estimated cost of $210,000, with $18,000 annually for mainte- nance, subject to the provisions that local interests contribute $50,000 to the cost. Reports dated January 20, 1928, and October 25, 1929, on pre- liminary examination and survey of Tillamook Bay and Entrance, Oreg., required by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors. pur- suant to law, and were transmitted to Congress January 4, 1930, but have not yet been printed. The improvement of this locality by the United States, other than as authorized by the existing project, is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor acts approved March 3, 1925, and July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Cowlitz River, Wash., with a view to control of the floods as outlined in House Document No. 225, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session. 2. Willamette River, Oreg., between Oregon City and Portland, including the locks at Oregon City. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1902 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 3. Columbia River, Oreg., and Wash., for the protection of banks and dikes to prevent the shoaling of the navigation channel by erosion. 4. Coos Bay, Oreg., inner harbor, from the entrance to Smith's mill. 5. Rogue River, Oreg., upstream from Gold Beach. 6. Smith River, Oreg. 7. Siletz River, Oreg., bar and entrance. 8. Nehalem River, Oreg., bar and entrance. 9. Beaver Slough, Oreg., from Westport Slough to Wallace Slough. 10. Youngs Bay and Youngs River, Oreg. 11. Coquille River, Oreg., with a view to determining the advis- ability of providing for navigation, in connection with power devel- opment, control of floods, and the needs of irrigation. 19. Yaquina Bay, river and entrance. 13. Port Orford, Oreg. 14. Lewis and Clark River, and the lower harbor of Astoria, Oreg. 15. Channelfrom the Terminal Numbered Four, Willamette River, Oreg., via Columbia Slough, to Kenton. 16. Channel from Columbia River, via Columbia Slough, Oreg., to Kenton, thence up Columbia Slough to Blue Lake, thence to Co- lumbia River. 17. Columbia River at St. Helens, Oreg. 18. Multnomah Channel, Oreg. 19. Willamette River, Oreg., from Portland to Eugene, with a view to improving the said river to the extent necessary to make it navigable between said points. 20. Cowlitz River, Wash., from the mouth to Ostrander. 21. Bakers Bay, Columbia River, Wash. 22. Columbia River between the mouth of the Willamette River and a point 1 mile above the city of Vancouver, Wash. R3. Snake River, Idaho, from Pittsburgh Landing to Johnsons Bar. REPORTS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE UNITED STATES SENATE, AND THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution of the Committee on Commerce, United States Senate, dated December 6, 1928, and the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, House of Representatives, dated December 7, 1928 a review of prior reports on the Yaquina River, Oreg., from oledo to Yaquina Bay, was requested. Report thereon was transmitted to the committees June 2, 1930, and was printed in Senate Document No. 159, Seventy-first Congress, second session. The improvement of this locality by the United States, other than as authorized by the exist- ing project, is not deemed advisable at the present time. By resolution dated February 22, 1930, a review of reports on Lake River, Wash., printed in House Committee Document No. 2, Sixty- ninth Congress, first session, was requested. Report thereon was transmitted to the Committee on Commerce, United States Senate, May 10, 1930, but has not yet been printed. Re'commendation is made for a channel 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep at low water between the mouth and Ridgefield, at an estimated cost of $3,000, with $1,000 annually for maintenance. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DI)ISTRICT 1903 By resolution dated December 7, 1928, a review of reports on the Columbia and Lower Willamette Rivers below Portland, Oreg., printed in House Document No. 195, Seventieth Congress, first ses- sion and prior reports, was requested. Report thereon was trans- mitted to the committee August 7, 1929, and was printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 8, Seventy-first Congress, first session. Recommendation is made that the provisions of local co- operation provided for in the report under review be modified so as to provide for a channel 35 feet deep and 500 feet wide between Portland and the sea, at an estimated cost to the United States of $1,366,000, with $685,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. Reports as indicated below, called for by resolutions of the Com- mittee on Commerce, United States Senate, and the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, House of Representatives, will be submitted as soon as practicable: 1. Review of reports on Willamette River, Oreg., between Port- land and Salem, printed in House Document No. 372, Seventy-first Congress, second session. 2. Review of prior reports on the Umpqua River, Oreg. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT The district includes the States of Washington and Idaho except the basins of the Snake River and that portion of the Columbia River below the mouth of the Snake; also that part of Montane west of the Rocky Mountains. District engineer : Maj. John S. Butler, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. G. R. Lukesh, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Willapa River and Harbor, 10. Tacoma Harbor, Wash-... 1925 Wash ------------------- 1903 11. Seattle Harbor, Wash__--_- 1929 2. Grays Harbor and bar en- 12. Lake Washington Ship Ca- trance, Wash ------------- 1907 nal, Wash-------------- 1934 3. Grays Harbor, inner portion, 13. Operating and care of Lake and Chehalis River, Wash_ 1910 Washington Ship Canal, 4. Hoquiam River, Wash------- 1913 Wash --- ,__-- ___--- 1989 5. Quillayute River, Wash--... 1915 14. Everett Harbor and Sno- 6. Puget Sound and its tribu- homish River, Wash-.... 1941 tary waters, Wash.------- 1916 15. Skagit River, Wash_ _--- 1945 7. Waterway connecting Port 16. Swinomish Slough, Wash___ 1948 Townsend Bay and Oak 17. Anacortes Harbor, Wash___ 1949 Bay, Wash--------------1919 18. Bellingham Harbor, Wash__ 1953 8. Port Gamble Harbor, Wash__ 1921 19. Examinations, surveys, and 9. Olympia Harbor, Wash-.---- 1922 contingencies (general) _ 1955 1. WILLAPA RIVER AND HARBOR, WASH. Location and description.--WillapaHarbor is an inlet of the Pa- cific Ocean, 30 miles north of the entrance to the Columbia River. It lies behind Leadbetter Point on the south and Cape Shoalwater on the north, at the mouth of the Willapa River. The entrance is 11714---ENG 1930 120 1904 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1-930 about 4.3 miles wide and is obstructed by a bar. The harbor or bay is about 24 miles long from north to south and 11 miles wide at the widest point. The Willapa River rises 30 miles east of the harbor and flows in a general westerly direction. Its width varies from 2,000 feet at the mouth to 200 feet at Willapa City, on the North Fork. The river is tidal for about 12 miles above its mouth, or to Willapa City, where there are a series of rapids with a fall of about 8 feet in one-half mile. The drainage area of the river and its- tributaries is approximately 170 square miles. The North and Nasel Rivers are small streams emptying into the North and South Bays of Willapa Harbor, respectively. There are no discharge data available for these rivers. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6185.) Original condition.-The controlling depth over the bar was 23 feet at mean lower low water; 27 feet thence to the mouth of North River (12 miles); and 12 feet to South Bend (6 miles). From this point to Willapa City the controlling depth was limited by three shoals to 7 feet at mean lower low water. Above Willapa City the river was used for floating saw logs but was obstructed by snags. The head of navigation for steamboats on Willapa River was Wil- lapa City, 24 miles from the mouth of the bay. North and Nasel Rivers were navigable for launches and rowboats for varying dis- tances upstream, dependent on the stages of the tide, and were used for floating saw logs. North River was obstructed by a log jam about 6 miles from its mouth. The South Fork of the Willapa River was used by harbor steamers. Previous projects.-The original project, adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, provided for a channel 8 feet deep to the town of Willapa, to be secured by dredging and the closing of Mailboat and Lauderback sloughs. The act of March 2, 1907, pro- vided for a channel 12 feet deep to Raymond and the act of June '25, 1910, for a channel 18 feet deep to the forks and for a distance of 3,100 feet up the South Fork (H. Doc. No. 524, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The acts of August 18, 1894, and March 3, 1899, provided for the removal of a log jam in the North River, and that of June 13, 1902, for snagging in the Nasel and North Rivers. The cost and expenditures on original and modified projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1916 were $228,083.83 for new work and $7,176.62 for maintenance, a total of $235,260.45. Contributed funds for new work amounted to $6,596.92. For further details of pre- vious projects adopted prior to June 25, 1910, see page 2001 of An- nual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the maintenance, by dredg- ing, of a channel over the bar at the mouth of Willapa Bay, 23 feet deep at mean lower low water and of such width as is economically obtainable, and for a channel 24 feet deep at mean lower low water and 200 feet wide from deep water in Willapa Bay to the forks of the river at Raymond and 24 feet deep and 150 feet wide up the South Fork as far as the deep basin above the Cram lumber mill, and up the North Fork to a point opposite Twelfth Street, with a turning basin 250 feet wide, 350 feet long, and 24 feet deep at the latter point, and a closing dike at Mailboat slough. The length of the section included in the project is 26 miles. The extreme tidal range at Willapa Bay entrance is 13.6 feet. The range between RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1905 mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 8.1 feet at the entrance and 9.6 feet at South Bend. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1918 was $819,170, exclusive of amounts ex- pended under previous projects. The latest (1926) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $50,000. The project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 27, 1916 (H. Doc. No. 706, 63d Cong., 2d sess.), provided for the river channel, and the act of January 21, 1927 (H. Doc. No. 565, 69th Cong., 2d sess.), provided for the maintenance of the bar channel. The former document contains the latest map of the locality. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Underthe provisions of the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, local interests at Raymond were required to construct bulkheads, provide a place of deposit for material dredged from the South Fork, and pay one-half the cost of such dredging. These conditions were complied with to the satisfaction of the Chief of Engineers on March 16, 1911. In addition to the requirements of the act, the city of South Bend dredged about 800,000 cubic yards from in front of that city, creating two basins of 30-foot depth and 1 mile in length. The amount contribuated by local interests and ex- pended by the Engineer Department was $6,596.92. The approxi- mate cost of the work done by the city of South Bend was $125,000. Under the provisions of the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, and of Public Resolution No. 11, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session, approved September 19, 1917, and section 4 of the river and harbor act of June 5, 1920, local interests must provide suitable places of deposit (including necessary bulkheads) for material dredged above the north limit of South Bend; pay the overhaul or extra cost, if any, in pumping material distances in excess of 1,500 feet, if re- quired to reach the dumping grounds provided, and also contribute $71,775 in cash toward the cost of the improvement. These condi- tions were complied with to the satisfaction of the Chief of En- gineers on October 22, 1920. Terminal facilities.-Thereare 7 sawmill wharves, 2 city wharves, 1 railway wharf, and 2 oil wharves on Willapa River. The city and railway wharves are open to general public use. These facili- ties, with the exception of the city wharves, are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Increased depths now available have re- sulted in the use of larger vessels and the development of an export trade formerly impossible. Operations and re8ults during fiscal year.-Surveys of the bar channel were made in July, 1929, and January, 1930, and of the river channels in May, 1930, and plant cared for. The total costs were $4,425.22, chargeable to maintenance. The total expenditures were $7,645.67. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1924 at a saving of $225,437 under the estimated cost. The dikes constructed under previous projects are in good condition. No maintenance dredging on the bar channel has been done, the survey completed January 23, 1930, showing a channel 700 feet wide with controlling depth of 26 feet at mean lower low water. Survey 1906 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 of the river channels in May, 1930, showed controlling depth of 23 feet with width of 200 feet below Raymond, 24 feet with width of 100 feet in the North Fork to the Raymond Lumber Co.'s property, and 21 feet with width of 150 feet in the South Fork to the Northern Pacific Railway bridge. No soundings were taken in the upper portions of the North and South Forks, as there is no navigation there at present. The total costs of the existing project have been $521,957.42 from Federal funds and $71,775 from contributed funds for new work and $102,557.66 for maintenance, a total of $624,515.08 from Federal funds and $71,775 from contributed funds. The total expenditures have been $624,209.21 from Federal funds and $71,775 from contrib- uted funds. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1930, for necessary surveys and maintenance, as fol- lows: Outstanding liabilities--------------------------------------- $241. 11 Operation of United States dredge Oregon, 2 months in river channels 28,000. 00 Care of dredge Oregon, 10 months---------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Survey of bar and river channels ----------------------------- _ _ 5, 271.23 Inspections------------------------------------------------- 500. 00 Total ---------------------------------------------- 39, 012. 34 It is expected that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 is for maintenance dredging and surveys, as follows: Operation of a United States bar dredge on bar, 1 month $23, 000 ----------- Care of United States dredge Oregon, 12 months- ___---___-- __- _ 6, 00 Surveys and overhead---------- ----------------------------- 7, 000 Total ---------------------------------------------- 36, 000 This amount exceeds the average expenditure for maintenance dur- ing the last five years, as the project has been enlarged to include maintenance of the bar channel. Commercial statistics.-The foreign and -coastwise commerce in 1929 consisted of 143,335 tons of lumber products and 1,344 tons miscellaneous and was carried on drafts of 16 to 22 feet. The internal traffic consisted of 517,482 tons of floated logs, 1,133 tons of crabs and fish, and 165 tons of lumber, and required drafts up to 9 feet. Comparative statement Vessel traffic 1 Floated timbers Car ferry 2 Caledar year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925.----------------- 269, 255 $4, 516, 950 None. 1,019, 835 $5, 609, 093 5, 093 $98, 565 1926-------------------- 239, 132 3, 772, 891 3 24, 938 849, 498 4, 530, 373 3,945 159, 138 1927 -----------------.................... 222, 153 3, 594, 045 3 19, 913 454, 974 2, 183, 880 4, 246 96, 982 1928----------------- 161, 560 2, 352, 113 3 19,683 469,053 2,814,318 5,778 57, 780 145,977 1,810, 896 1929 ..............-----------------.... 3 19, 401 517,482 2,846,151 6,422 222,365 1 Excludes car-ferry and general ferry traSffic, the letter inauguratedin 1925. 2 Excludes general ferry traffic; in 1929, 6,048 automobiles and 19,401 passengers. 3 General ferry passengers. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1907 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 --------------------- - $750, 041.25 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--- __-- _____-10% 734, 28 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ----------- '859, 775. 53 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930---------- -- 112. 09 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 859, 663. 44 Minus accounts payable June 30, 19301_____________________ _ 193. 78 Net total expenditures__ _____________-----------859, 469. 66 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_--------------- - 39, 012.34 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_-____---- __ 898, 482. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Total expended .-...- 29, 357.73 15, 782 18 26,142.35 9, 068. 70 7, 645 67 Allotted.... ...----------------------------- .. 1,000.00 10,000. 00 25,000. 00 20, 000 00 -2, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929______________---- $48, 658.01 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------ 36, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_--___------------------- 84, 658. 01 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment_____________ 38, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for ----------------------- 46, 658. 01 Gross amount expended_ _ __________--------- ---- 7, 645.67 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_______________-----__ 39, 012. 34 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------------------- 41.11 Balance available June 30, 1930 , 38, 771.23 Amount that can be profitably- -expended in fiscal year ending June -------- - 30, 1932 for maintenance 2__________________ 36, 000. 00 2. GRAYS HARBOR AND BAR ENTRANCE, WASH. Location and description.-Grays Harbor is a bay 13 miles long from east to west and 12 miles wide from north to south. It lies at the mouth of the Chehalis River, in the southwestern part of the State of Washington, 45 miles north of the entrance to the Columbia River. It is connected with the Pacific Ocean by a channel approxi- mately 10,500 feet wide and 2 miles long, between Point Brown on the north and Point Hanson (Chehalis) on the south. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6195.) Original condition.-The outer end of the channel connecting the bay with the Pacific Ocean was obstructed by a bar, convex to the sea, over which were several shifting channels having depths 12 and 13 feet at low water. The average width of the bar between the 18-foot curves was one-half mile. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel over the bar of such depth as can be secured by dredging and by the construction 1In addition, $78,371.92 was expended from contributed funds. 2Exclusive of available funds. 1908 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 of a south high-tide rubble-stone jetty 13,734 feet long and a north mid-tide jetty 16,000 feet long. The width between the westerly ends of the jetties is 6,500 feet. The extreme tidal ranges are 14.4 feet on the bar and 16.6 feet in the harbor. The ranges between mean lower low water and mean higher high water are 9.1 feet on the bar and 10.1 feet in the harbor. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1910, was $2,630,000, which includes $1,630,000 for the north jetty and $1,000,000 for the south jetty. The latest (1926) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $250,000. The project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the south jetty (Annual Re- port for 1895, pp. 351-7-3533) ; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for a north jetty 9,000 feet long (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 2, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for extension of the north jetty 7,000 feet and fixed the length of the south jetty at 13,734 feet (R. and H. Coin. Doc. No. 29, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); and the acts of August 8, 1917 (H. Doc. No. 1729 64th Cong., 2d sess.), and January 21, 1927 (H. Doc. No. 582, 69th Cong., 2d sess.), provide for dredging. The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1916, page 3249. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No local cooperation was required by law. The necessary land for trestle approach and operating plant for the north jetty was donated to the United States by local interests. With funds contributed by the Port of Grays Harbor Commission the U. S. dredge Col. P. S. Michie was employed for short periods during the fiscal years 1916 and 1917 in dredging on the bar and inner harbor. A total of 79,451 cubic yards was removed from the bar channel, at a cost of $15,393.33. The total cost of the iMichie's operations was $22,889.45, of which $7,496.12 was expended on work on the inner harbor in 1916 when weather conditions prevented work on the bar. Terminal facilities.--There are 21 sawmill wharves, 3 miscellane- ous wharves, 3 public wharves, and 1 railroad wharf, the last 4 being open for general public use. The port of Grays Harbor has a pier on its property located between Aberdeen and Hoquiam. This pier has a storage shed and is equipped with two cranes and other me- :hanical handling facilities. It has at present berthing capacity for four vessels, each 500 feet long. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 7, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has permitted the use of larger and more economical vessels suitable for export trade and has opened up better markets for the extensive timber products of Grays Harbor. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A total of 1,440,644 cubic yards was removed from the bar channel by the U. S. dredge Culebra, at a cost of $204.627.10, including incidental surveys and repairs, chargeable to maintenance. The total expenditures were $114,144.40. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1916 at a saving of $624,006 under the estimated cost. The south jetty was completed in 1902 with a groin at station 1050. No RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1909 work has been done upon it since. Its enrockment now slopes from the elevation of half tide at the shore to -the elevation of extreme low tide in a distance of about 5,500 feet, the remaining portion being a short distance below extreme low water. The north jetty was com- pleted to mid-tide elevation in December, 1913. It was later restored and raised to or above ordinary high water, this work being com- pleted in January, 1916. The present condition of its enrockment is as follows: First 200 feet from the outer end, 2 feet below mean lower low water; next- 300 feet, 4 feet above mean lower low water;. next 1,000 feet, 1 foot above mean lower low water; next 1,000, feet,. 4 feet below mean lower low water; for the remaining distance, 6 feet above mean lower low water. Dredging has been done with dredges belonging to other projects and with the Culebra, and the controlling depth on the bar channel on June 30, 1930, was 34 feet for a width of 400 feet. The total cost has been $2,567,993.34 for new work and $1,980,635.60 (not including $15,393.33 contributed funds) for maintenance, a total of $4,548,628.94. The total expendi- tures have been $4,904,336.95 from Federal funds and $15,393.33 from contributed funds. Proposed operations. It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1930, including reimbursements due amounting to- $11,895.51, for necessary surveys and maintenance dredging on the bar, as follows: Outstanding liabilities ---------------------------------------- $16, 551. 01 Operation and care of U. S. dredge Culebra, 11 months ------------- 198, 000. 00 Surveys 4, 000. 00 Inspections------------------------------------------ 602. 55 Contingencies------------------------------------------------- 16, 000. 00 Total-- - 235, 153. 56: It is expected that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, is for maintenance dredging and surveys, as follows: Operation and maintenance of U. S. dredge Culebra, 9 months_ ____ $162, 000 Surveys, overhead, and contingencies___ ___ 18, 000 Total ____---------------------------------------- 180,000 This amount exceeds the average expenditures for maintenance during the last five years because plant had not been available prior to 1925 to properly maintain the channel and the project was modi- fied in 1927 to provide for greater depths. Commercial statistics.-The statistics give only the commerce crossing the outer bar, no internal traffic being included. The out- bound cargoes consisted of 1,987,971 tons of lumber products and 21,590 tons miscellaneous. The inbound cargoes consisted of 164,898 tons of mineral oils and 23,203 tons miscellaneous. The maximum draft was 28 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1925- ....... _ ........ 1, 777, 587 $29, 020, 182 1928- _--_- - - _----- 2, 367, 803 $29, 874, 195 1926 .... .... .... 2, 661, 954 42, 491, 633 1929 - - _ .- - 2,197, 662 28, 980, 190 1927- .. - ....... . 2, 687, 546 39,170, 702 1910 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Cost and ftnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_______________--- $2, 567,993.34 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_____________------------ 1, 980, 635. 60 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930________ 4, 548, 628. 94 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930________- 360, 082.25 Net total cost to June 30, 1930_ __________________ ______ 4, 908, 711.19 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930____ __________________ 11, 895. 51 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930__ ___________________ 4, 920, 606. 70 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930________________________ 16, 269. 75 -- ______ Net total expenditures-__ - --- 4, 904, 336.95 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ___________________________ 223, 258. 05 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930__________ 5, 127, 595. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_.-- Cost of maintenance---- -- _------ -- $193, 241. 74 $218, 348. 68 $220, 267. 36 $249, 942. 20 $204, 627. 10 Total expended__....__ ... .... 193,241. 74 218, 348. 68 648,068. 21 224, 083.91 114, 144.40 Allotted --------------------------- 185,000.00 230,000.00 652, 595.00 230, 000. 00 104, 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ------ __--- ----- __-__ $232, 902.45 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930__-____ ------------------------------------ ___ 85, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for ------------------------------ 417, 902. 45 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment ________- - __ 80, 500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for_- ---- ______________337, 402. 45 Gross amount expended_-....---- __--_______ -$114, 306.00 Less receipts from sales 161. 60 114. 144. 40 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ------------- 223, 258. 05 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-__________---___------- 16, 551. 01 Balance available June 30, 1930--------------------------206, 707. 04 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 _____________------ _ 11, 895. 51 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930-------------------- 218, 602. 55 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance 2_________________--- 180, 000. 00 3. GRAYS HARBOR, INNER PORTION, AND CHEHALIS RIVER, WASH. Location and description.-See preceding report, "Grays Harbor and bar entrance, Wash." The inner harbor comprises two main channels, the south and the north, connecting the harbor proper with the Chehalis River at Aberdeen. The Chehalis River rises in the southwestern part of the State of Washington, about 40 miles east of the Pacific Ocean, flows in a general northwesterly direction, and 1 In addition, $15,393.33 was expended from contributed funds. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1911 empties into the eastern part of Grays Harbor. Its length is about 115 miles and its drainage area is approximately 2,025 square miles. The width varies from 500 to 1,200 feet. There are no discharge data available. The river is tidal to Elma, about 27 miles above its mouth. The total drainage area of the Chehalis, Hoquiam, and Wishkah Rivers is 2,216 :square miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey Chart No. 6195.) Original condition.The south channel of the inner harbor was shoal and little used. The north channel was obstructed by two shoals, one below Hoquiam and one between Hoquiam and Aberdeen, which limited the draft to Montesano to 8 feet at mean low water. When first officially examined in 1875, the river was found obstructed by log jams or rafts at the Chehalis Indian Reservation near the mouth of Black River, but it was reported as navigable for light- draft boats during the high-water season to Claquato, some 80 to 90 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project for the Chehalis River was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882. The original project for the inner harbor was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. The cost and expenditures on both projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1907 and 1910 were $113,134.38 for new work and $37,415.45 for maintenance, a total of $150,549.83. For further details of previous projects see pages 2002-2003 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 18 feet deep at mean lower low water and 200 feet wide from deep water in the bay below Hoquiam to Cosmopolis, on the Chehalis River, a distance of 10 miles, and for a channel 16 feet deep at mean lower low water and 150 feet wide from Cosmopolis to Montesano, a distance of 103/4 miles. The extreme tidal range at Hoquiam is 16.6 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 10.1 feet. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1930 is $661,200, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, but inclusive of $211,500 to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000 for the section below Cosmopolis. Local interests are to maintain the work above Cosmopolis. The project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1907, provided for the 18-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 507, 59th Cong., 1st sess.), and the act of June 25, 1910, for the 6-foot channel above Cosmopolis (H. Doc. No. 1125, 60th Cong., 2d sess.), and the act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doec. No. 315, 70th Cong., 1st sess.), provided for the 16-foot channel. For the latest map see the latter document. Recommended moific~tions of project.--None. Local cooperation.-In the fiscal year 1916, 64,957 cubic yards were removed from the inner harbor by the U. S. dredge Col. P. S. Michis at a cost of $7,496.12 with funds contributed by the Port of Grays Harbor Commission, and during the fiscal year 1920 the port commission contributed $25,000, which was expended in connec- tion with Government funds in removing 115,142 cubic yards near Grays Harbor City. In January, 1919, the commission agreed to 1912 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 undertake the future maintenance of the channels in the inner har- bor to a depth commensurate with that obtained on the outer bar by the United States. Under that agreement about 9,738,182 cubic yards have been removed at an approximate cost of $935,160. About 8.5 miles of the channel, 200 to 350 feet wide, have been deepened to approximately 26 feet at mean lower low water. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, adopting the 16-foot channel provides that local interests contribute one-half the first cost or $211,500, and give assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War and Chief of Engineers that they will assume the entire cost of maintenance of same, and provide a suitable public terminal at Montesano. These conditions have not been met. Terminal facilities.-These are included in report on " Grays Harbor and bar entrance." Effect of improvement.-A channel sufficient for present commerce has been obtained, except in the section above Cosmopolis. Operatinsand results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions and no expenditures during the year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 32 per cent completed. Work under the original project for the 18-foot channel below Cosmopolis and for a 6-foot channel between Cos- mopolis and Montesano was completed in 1910. The dredging has aggregated 1,810,951 cubic yards for new work and 1,714,177 cubic yards for maintenance, including that done with contributed funds but not including the dredging by the port of Grays Harbor reported under Local cooperation. The controlling depth at mean lower low water is about 26 feet below Cosmopolis and 7 feet between Cos- mopolis and Montesano. The work remaining to be done is increasing the channel between Cosmopolis and Montesano to 16 feet as authorized by the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930. The cost of the existing project has been $238,188.26 for new work and $121,042.68 for maintenance, a total of $359,230.94. The total expenditures have been $359,230.94 from United States funds. In addition $32,496.12 has been expended from contributed funds for maintenance. Proposed operations.-None. The relative desirability of the im- provement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails.the postponement of new work on the project. The Port of Grays Har- bor Commission has agreed to do the maintenance dredging required in the inner harbor. Commercial statistics.-The coastwise and foreign commerce, com- prising 34 per cent of the total tonnage, is the same as reported under "Grays Harbor and Bar Entrance, Wash.," requiring drafts up to 28 feet, and is not included in the comparative statement below. The internal traffic, tabulated below, comprised 66 per cent of the total tonnage and consisted of 3,860,149 tons floated logs, 265,752 tons lumber and shingles, 156,413 tons sand and gravel, 30,351 tons fuel oil, and 6,337 tons miscellaneous, and required drafts of 5 to 111/2 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1913 1 Compara.tive statement Vessel traffic Floated timbers Calendar year Tons Value Tons Value 1925_ - 294, 394 $3, 819, 016 3, 937, 854 $21,658, 197 1926................................................... 279,971 4,078,641 4,351,000 23,930, 50Q 1927 --------- 264, 957 3,369,653 4,248,000 23,364,000 1928 _ - - - 331,710 2,731,020 4,289,054 25,734,324 1929-----------------------------------_--------------- 458,853 3,869,647 3,860,149 21,230,819 1Exclusive of traffic credited to "Grays Harbor and bar entrance, Wash.," 2,197,662 tons valued at $28,980,190in 1929. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $351, 322. 64 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 1158, 458. 13 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 ------------ 509, 780. 77 Net total expenditures___-------- -------- 509, 780. 77 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------------509, 780. 77 Fiscalyear ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work_ ------ -- ----- -- Cost of maintenance - ---- - Total experided_ -..... - - Allotted - .-- $2, -- --------- .000.00 _ -$719. 23 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------- $719.23 Deductinms on account of revocation of allotment----------------- 719. 23 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_ ____ -- __------------ 2211, 500. 00 4. HOQUIAM RIVER, WASH. Location and description.-The Hoquiam River rises in the Olym- pic Mountains, flows southward for about 18 miles, and empties into Grays Harbor at Hoquiam, Wash. The average width between banks is 350 feet. The river is tidal for its full length and the drainage area is about 75 square miles. There are no discharge data avail- able. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart 6195.) Origial condition.-The section covered by this improvement had a navigable depth of approximately 20 feet at mean lower low water, except at one shoal where the depth was 16 feet and another where it was 11 feet. At two points above these shoals the natural 20-foot channel was less than 100 feet in width. For a distance of 8 miles from the mouth the river was used for floating and towing logs. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean lower low water from the mouth to the junc- tion of the Little Hoquiam and the East Branch, a distance of about 2 miles. The extreme tidal range is 16.6 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 10.1 feet. The 1 In addition, $32,496.12 was expended from contributed funds. 2 Exclusive of $211,500 to be contributed by local interests. 1914 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $106,000. The latest (1911) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 268, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). This document con- tains the latest map of the locality. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--Local interests were required to provide a .place of deposit for dredged material free of cost to the United States. This material was used for filling the streets of the city of Hoquiam. Terminal facilities.-These are included in report on " Grays Har- bor and Bar entrance." Effect of improvement.-Dredging has permitted the use of larger vessels and reduced the amount of lightering. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions and no expenditures during the year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1912 except at the upper end of the improvement, where a rock ledge was encountered which narrows the channel to about 50 feet, and at two bends which were widened in 1929. The controlling depth is 17 feet at mean lower low water. The cost has been S$18,920.59 for new work and $2,379.41 for maintenance, a total of $21,300. The total expenditures have been the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. It is not anticipated that any work will be required during the fiscal year 1932, and no funds can, therefore, be profitably expended. Commercial statistics.-The coastwise and foreign commerce, com- prising 11 per cent of the total tonnage, consisted of 184,804 tons of lumber products and 4.483 tons miscellaneous, and is also included in the statistics for "Grays Harbor and bar entrance, Wash." This traffic required drafts up to 211/2 feet. The internal traffic, comprising 89 per cent of the total tonnage, consisted of 1;358;507 tons of floated logs, 115,124 tons sand and gravel, 21,061 tons fuel oil, 8,022 tons lumber, and 5,601 tons miscel- laneous, and is also included in the statistics for " Grays Harbor, inner portion, between Aberdeen and the entrance to said harbor, and Chehalis River, Wash." The maximum draft was 11 feet. Comparative statement Vessel traffic Floated timbers Calendar year Tons Value Tons Value 1925 ----- ----------------------------------- 418, 142 $6, 007, 520 1, 059, 278 $5, 826, 029 1926_..----------- ___-_____-___-____ ______398, 247 6, 710, 348 912, 678 5, 019, 729 1927---- -------------------------------------- 330, 364 4, 827, 166 706, 055 3, 883, 302 1928--- --------------------------------------- 378, 939 4, 223, 994 1, 150, 188 6, 226, 034 1929- --.------------------------------------ 339, 095 3, 673, 598 1, 358, 507 7, 471, 788 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930______________------------------------------ $18, 920. 59 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-----------------------------2, 379. 41 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_ -- 21, 300. 00 Net total expenditures..----.-- -- - - - 21, 300. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-- .... 21, 300. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1915 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work----------------------- $302. 37 --------.... ........ $9, 997.63 .. ..--------- Cost of maintenance ---------------------- Total expended - -_...... -- 302.37---- . -... . --. ........... 9,997.63 . Allotted ------------------------------... 7, 000. 00 --_.. . -...... ... ... 3, 300. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------------------------------------- $87,000.00 5. QUILLAYUTE RIVER, WASH. Location and description.-The Quillayute River is formed by the junction of the Soleduck and Bogachiel Rivers, and flows west- erly 5 miles to the Pacific Ocean at La Push, Wash., about 30 miles south of Cape Flattery. The width between banks is 350 to 400 feet. The drainage area is about 630 square miles. The mean dis- charge is about 3,000 second-feet and the maximum flood discharge about 115,000 second-feet. The river is tidal for about 23/4 miles. The mouth is at the north end of Quillayute Harbor or Bay, just east of a group of four rocky islands, of which James Island is the largest. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6102.) Original condition.-The entrance channel was unstable, and the controlling depth varied from 1 to 5 feet at mean lower low water. The river was navigable for light-draft boats to about 21/2 miles above the mouth, the controlling depth being about 2 feet at mean lower low water. Above that point the river was obstructed by several rapids and navigable only by canoes. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a jetty on the easterly side of the mouth, and a dike, with groins, on the westerly side, with a view to stabilizing the entrance channel. The length of the section included in the project is 1,500 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 8.8 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1929, is $112,000 and $4,000 annually for maintenance during the first two years and $1,000 annually thereafter. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. (H. Doc. No. 125, 71st Cong., 1st sess.) This document con- tains the latest map of the locality. Reoommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Underthe provisions of the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, local interests are required to furnish necessary rights to quarry rock, rights of way for construction of jetty and dike, and give satisfactory assurances that they will repair any breach in the sand spit north of James Island. Arrangements for quarry rights have been made, and it is believed that the other requirements will be met by June 30, 1931. Terminal facilities.-There are no dockage facilities, other than landing places for small boats. The loading of pulpwood on scows is done by conveyors directly from the water. The transfer of fish is made from floating stores which are built on scows and moored in the river. 1916 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Effect of improvement.-No work of improvement has yet been done. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions during the year, and no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-As stated in paragraph Original condition. No work has been done on this project. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-No detailed statistics have been obtained. The following data for the calendar year 1929 were furnished by the port of Port Angeles: Inbound : Tons Outbound : Tons Gasoline and oil 858 Fish 400 4---------------- General cargo ------------ 500 Pulpwood 28, 000 Ice------------------- 1, 200 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930___--_ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_________ Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------- -------------------------------- $112, 000 6. PUGET SOUND AND ITS TRIBUTARY WATERS, WASH. Location and description.-PugetSound is an arm of the Pacific Ocean located in the western part of the State of Washington. This improvement includes maintenance work on all the larger rivers emptying into Puget Sound, the principal ones being the Skagit, Snohomish, Snoqualmie, Skykomish, Stillaguamish, Nooksack, Puy- allup, and Duwamish, and connecting navigable sloughs, all of which are affected by the tide for a considerable distance. The im- provement of these channels includes such stretches as are navigable in fact for river steamers and for the towing and rafting of logs and lumber products. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 6300, 6450, and 6460.) Original condition.-The rivers tributary to Puget Sound were available for commerce, but were seriously obstructed by snags and other debris brought down by freshets. The distance to which the streams were navigable in fact depended on the stage of water and the tide. The upper stretches were used for towing log rafts and floating timber. Previous projects.-The original project was for the improvement of Skagit, Stillaguamish, Nooksack, Snohomish, and Snoqualmie Rivers, and was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882. The cost and expenditures under this project were $67,495.58 for maintenance prior to adoption of the existing project in 1892. For further details of previous project see page 2003 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for maintenance work on the rivers tributary to Puget Sound by snagging and dredging. The RIVERS AND HARBORS--SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1917 latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $25,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. (Annual Report for 1893, p. 3425.) The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1913, page 3127. Reconmmended modifications of project.--On May 9, 1928, the Chief of Engineers recommended modification of the existing project so as to provide for dredging shoals which interfere with the move- ment of navigation at an estimated cost of $125,000, with $10,000 annually for maintenance in addition to the present cost of operating the snag boat. (H. Doc. No. 307, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities at the numerous har- bors on Puget Sound and its tributary waters are in general con- sidered adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The work done has kept the rivers open to navigation for steamers and for the towing and rafting of timber. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. snag boat W. T. Preston operated 4 months in the waters tributary to Puget Sound, removing 767 snags, 16 piles, 1 rock, dredging 5,977 cubic yards of material, resetting 9 buoys, and placing 7 beacons and 21 brush stakes to mark channels. The work was done by hired labor at a cost of $10,570.30, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $6,986.43. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The work has consisted chiefly of snagging and dredging in the principal tributaries of Puget Sound. No permanent results are obtainable, but the maintenance of existing channels requires practically continuous operation of the snag boat. The controlling depths range from 1 to 40 feet at mean lower low water. The total costs of the existing project have been $43,336.92 for new work and $627,847.28 for maintenance, a total of $671,184.20. The total expenditures have been $733,261.57. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply a portion of the balance unexpended July 1, 1930, to maintenance snagging and dredging, as follows: Outstanding liabilities --------- $2, 903. 06 Operation and maintenance of snag boat W. T. Preston, 10 months...---------------------------------------------------- 20, 000. 00 Surveys and inspections--------------------- ___ -3, 955. 56 Total - - - --- 26, 858. 62 The additional amount ($25,000) that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, is to be used with the balance unexpended June 30, 1931, ($7,000) for maintenance snagging and dredging, as follows: Operation and maintenance of snag boat W. T. Preston, 11 months___ $27, 000 Surveys and inspections------------ -------------------------------- 5, 000 Total------------------------------------------------------32, 000 This amount is larger than the average expenditures for the last five years because the snag boat was required on other work part of the time in previous years. Commercial statistics.-The commerce benefited by this improve- ment consists mainly of that carried by shallow-draft freight boats, 1918 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENG1NEERS1 U. S. ARMIY, 1930 of logs towed in rafts, and of lumber and pulpwood towed on barges. Navigation oowr the bars at the river mouths is generally practicable only on tides, the usual draft of tow boats being about 6 feet. Complete statistics are not available. Those for Snohomish and Skagit Rivers, Swinomish slough, and the waterway connecting Port Townsend Bay and Oak Bay are given under those headings. The following figures cover the commerce on the Stillaguamish River only, which in 1929 consisted of 118,809 tons floated logs, 51,170 tons pulp chips, 42,750 tons lumber, 4,129 tons canned milk, 418 tons canned fruits and vegetables, and 4,116 tons general mer- chandise, and was carried on drafts of 3 to 7 feet. Compara,tive statement of omeeroe of tributarywaters not includedin statistics for speoiflo improvements (StilagamishRiver only) Vessel traffic Floated timbers Calendar year Tons Value Tons Value 1925------ ------------------------------------------ 71, 537 $2, 266, 034 120, 369 $620, 030 1926.....................--------------------....................---------------....------...... 98,193 2, 779, 220 162, 150 891, 825 1927....------------------------------------------- 86, 033 2, 458, 232 104, 709 575, 899 1928-...---.--- _------------ ----------------------- 92, 850 1,853, 647 107, 277 448, 907 1929--...--------------------------------------- 102, 583 1, 891, 795 118, 809 653, 449 Cost and finanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ________________________ $43, 336.92 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 1-------------------------- 695, 342. 86 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930______________ 738, 679. 78 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930.---- -__- __ 64, 920. 33 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 803. 600. 11 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 2, 842. 96 Net total expenditures_ _____ ____-----__ _-800, 757.15 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930___------------------- -------- 33, 858.62 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930- __----_--_- 834, 615. 77 Fiscal year ending June $0 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ------------------ Cost of maint.enance------- --------$21, 572. $25, 340.09 $31, 704.29 $ 14, 946.7 $10, 570. 30 expended....---------------........................ ,otal 21, 572.60 25, 340. 09 21, 822. 66 55, 99. 66 6,986. 43 Allotted.--.------------------- 24, 000. 00 20, 000. 00 36, 000.00 50, 615. 77 -6,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $46, 845. 05 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930--------- ------------------------------- 20, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for _-------. -._____ __ -__ 66, 845. 05 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment_____- ___-- 26, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for- ------------------ 40, 845. 05 x Previous dost decreased $10,689,05 by dropping plant rental credits on teconstruction of snag boat. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1919 Gross amount expended --- _____________-____ $6, 986. 43 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930--------------------- 33, 858.62 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------------------__ 2, 903. 06 Balance available June 30; 1930___ __-________ _---- 30, 95$. 56 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 for maintenance 2_________________________________ 25, 000. 00 7. WATERWAY CONNECTING PORT TOWNSEND BAY AND OAK BAY, WASH. Location and description.-The canal connects two bays which are arms of Admiralty Inlet, on the west side of Puget Sound, in the northwestern part of the State of Washington, about 40 miles north of Seattle. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6405.) Original condition.-The bays were separated by a gravel spit about 150 yards wide and one-quarter of a mile long, with shoals on each side. The highest point on the spit was about 29 feet above mean lower low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a canal 15 feet deep at mean lower low water, 75 feet wide on the bottom and about 4,800 feet long, and for the construction of jetties to protect the channel at the southern or Oak Bay end, and a bulkhead for the retention of dredged material. The extreme tidal range is 16 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 8.8 feet in Port Townsend Bay and 9.6 feet in Oak Bay. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1915, was $77,500. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913. (H. Doc. No. 625, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1915, page 3441. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act of March 4, 1913, required local in- terests to furnish a right of way and provide suitable places of deposit for dredged material. These conditions were complied with and accepted by the Chief of Engineers on September 8, 1914. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities directly served by the improvement. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has provided a shel- tered passage for light-draft boats plying between up-Sound ports and points on Port Townsend Bay, and the free passage of log tows under weather conditions when they would otherwise be storm bound in Port Townsend Bay from 1 to 10 days, as they could not be towed past Marrowstone Point. Operations and result' during fiscal year.-The project depth was restored by dredging 29,892 cubic yards under contract, at a cost of $15,750.21, including overhead and inspections, all for main- tenance. The total : expenditure was the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1915 at a saving of $4,178 under the estimated cost. Shoal- SExelusive of available funds. 11714---ENG 1930---121 1920 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 ing was removed by hired dredge in 1916 and 1920 and by contract in 1930. Repairs to the bulkhead on the west side of the channel were made during the fiscal years 1922, 1923, 1925, and 1928, and to the west jetty in 1925. The project depth was available at com- pletion of dredging, April 12, 1930, and no change is believed to have taken place. The total costs have been $73,322.35 for new work and $48,324.96 for maintenance, a total of $121,647.31. The total expenditures have been the same. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance ($1,252.69) unexpended July 1, 1930, for such supervision, surveys, and inspections as may be necessary. It is expected that these funds will be sufficient for all necessary work until June 30, 1932, and no additional funds can therefore be profitably expended. Commercial statistics.-Commerce through this waterway in 1929 consisted of 105,583 tons of floated logs and poles, 91,600 tons of pulp chips and hogged fuel, 13,983 tons miscellaneous, and 24,258 tons of general merchandise by railroad-car ferry. The drafts and trips of vessels reported were as follows: 16 to 18 feet, 20 south- bound, 52 northbound; 14 to 16 feet, 46 southbound, 64 northbound; 12 to 14 feet, 23 southbound, 16 northbound; under 12 feet, 798 south- bound, 832 northbound. Comparative statement Vessel traffic 1 Floated timber Car ferry Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925 ... ...---------------- 2, 468 $106, 699 2, 145 96, 030 $528, 165 29, 440 $1,207, 040 1926-----............---- -------- 8, 438 1, 584, 610 3, 525 43, 509 239, 299 25, 320 1, 012, 800 1927-.... -------------- 13, 083 1, 523, 660 1, 544 17, 957 99, 763 42, 700 1, 708, 000 1928_ ...........------------------..... 81, 071 1, 121, 740 (2) 33, 246 199, 476 18, 485 739, 400 1929----...............------------..... 105, 583 1, 148, 806 (2) 29, 201 144, 655 24, 258 970, 320 1 Excludes car-ferry traffic 2 Not reported. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 _______________ __________ $73, 322. 35 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930___________________________ 48, 324. 96 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930______________ 121, 647. 31 Net total expenditures---------- --- ---------------------- 121, 647.31 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_- 1, 252. 69 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_____________ 122, 900.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work__---- Cost of maintenance_ --------------------........... $1,281.91 -$6.60 $15,750.21 Total expended_.--------------- _ ..--- . ..... _- -- 1,045.04 -6.60 15,750.21 Allotted---------------------------------I-----------0 ....... o10.000.00 i RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1921 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------------------------------- $7, 002.90 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929--- 000. 00 1-------------------------- Amount to be accounted for------------------------------ 17,002.90 Gross amount expended --------------------------------- 15,750.21 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------------1,252. 69 8. PORT GAMBLE HARBOR, WASH. Location and descnription.-Port Gamble Harbor is on the east side of Hood Canal, 20 miles northwest of Seattle. The bay is 21/2 miles long and three-fourths of a mile wide, with an entrance less than 2,000 feet in width. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6450.) Original condition.-The depths in the bay were ample for all classes of vessels varying from 21 to 49 feet, but the entrance chan- nel was narrow, with a controlling depth of 21 feet at mean lower low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 28 feet deep at mean lower low water, 150 feet wide, and about 2,500 feet long at the entrance to the bay. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 10.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1917, was $24,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $250. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919. (H. Doc. No. 851, 65th Cong., 2d sess.) This document con- tains the latest map of the locality. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.--Under the provisions of the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, local interests were required to contribute one- half the cost of dredging, and to furnish suitable places of deposit and necessary bulkheads for the dredged material. These condi- tions were complied with and accepted by the Chief of Engineers on August 16, 1920. The actual cost exceeded the original estimate, and the entire additional cost was borne by local interests, the total cash contribution being $21,260.09. Terminal facilities.-These consist of the mill wharves, which are open to the public on payment of wharfage charges, and are con- sidered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The increased depths have enabled the use of deep-draft vessels for exportation of lumber products. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions during the year and no money was expended. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1920. The controlling depth in the entrance channel is 29 feet at mean lower low water. The costs have been $11,911.08 from Federal funds and $21,260.09 from contributed funds for new work and $588.92 for maintenance, a total of $12,500 from Federal funds and $21,260.09 from contributed funds. The total expenditures have been the same. 1922 REPORT OF CHI F OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The project depths obtain, and no funds can therefore be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932. Commercial statistics.-The commerce in 1929 consisted of 341,- 042 tons of floated logs, 116,750 tons lumber products, 76,792 tons pulp chips and hogged fuel, 2,285 tons miscellaneous; and by car ferry, 16,886 tons lumber. No data on actual drafts are available. The total number of ar- rivals and departures of vessels was 5,346, of which 142 had full- load draft of 26 to 31 feet. Comparative statement Vessel traffict Floated timbers Car ferry Calendar year Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1925 .---------- _------------------- 27,748 $492,418 160,507 $882,789 5,987 $89, 805 1926----------- ------------------- ---- 20, 465 904, 800 71,550 392, 525 3, 393 45, 821 1927-_--------------------------- 120, 358 1,827, 500 193,156 1,062, 358 11,856 160,066 1928..----.---...----------.----------- 129, 792 1, 370,156 242,087 1,452,522 11,147 111,470 1929 ..----- .. ........---..------------------- . 195, 827 1, 707, 399 341,042 1, 705, 213 16, 886 168, 860 1Excludes car-ferry traffic. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_----------------------------- $11, 911. 08 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_________________________ 588. 92 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930- _______-- - 12, 500. 00 Net total expenditures---.-------------------------------------- 12, 500. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 2, 500. 00 1--------------------- Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--------- ------------ ----------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance ------------------------------ $455.01- Total expended_ .-------------------- .. - . . . 455. 01 - - .... .. -, - ... Allotted- .------..------------------- 9. OLYMPIA HARBOR, WASH. Location and description. Olympia Harbor is near the southern end of Puget Sound at the head of Budd Inlet, about 45 miles southwest of Tacoma. The harbor is about 2 miles long and 1 mile wide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6462.) Original condition.-The southern end of the harbor was bare at low tide. In the northern portion the depths increased from zero to over 20 feet at mean lower low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel on the east side of the harbor, 26 feet deep at mean lower low water and 250 feet wide, from deep water in Budd Inlet to the bend, and the same depth and 200 feet wide from the bend to a point 6,000 feet from Fourth 1In addition, $21,260.09 was expended from contributed funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1923 Street in Olympia, and 12 feet deep and 250 feet wide, thence to. Fourth Street, with a turning basin 500 feet wide at the inner end, and a channel 12 feet deep at mean lower low water and 200 feet wide on the west side of the harbor, with a turning basin 800 feet long and 400 feet wide. The extreme tidal range is 21 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 14.8 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $267,800. The latest (1930) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The acts of July 13, 1892 (H. Doc. No. 32, 52d Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1892, p. 2733), January 21, 1927 (H. Doc. No. 244, 69th Cong., 1st sess.), and July 3, 1930 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 5, 71st Cong., 1st sess.), provided for the channel on the east side of the harbor, and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the channel on the west side of the harbor (H. Doc. No. 405, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 5, Seventy-first Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--In accordance with the provisions of the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, local interests provided 4,620 feet of timber and brush bulkheads for retention of dredged material on the west waterway. The cost of this work is not known. In addi- tion the city and port of Olympia, in connection with the filling of tidelands, have dredged considerable portions of the harbor and east waterway to a depth of 30 feet. About 2,147,000 yards were re- moved at a cost, including bulkheads, of approximately $461,000. Terminal faoilities.-There are 10 wharves, 1 a publicly owned terminal and 9 privately owned. Of the latter, 6 are sawmill wharves and 2 are oil wharves. The publicly owned terminal has ship-side tracks and berthing capacity for four large ocean-going vessels. It has a transit shed and cold-storage facilities and is equipped with a crane and other mechanical handling devices. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For full description of two of the private wharves see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of intproeenet.-The improvement in connection with the deepening of the turning basin by local interests has permitted the use of larger vessels, reduced the amount of lightering previously required, and resulted in a material increase in the commerce of the port. Operations and results during fiscal year.- There were no opera- tions during the year and no money was expended. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 64 per cent completed. Work under the original project for a 12-foot channel was completed in July, 1912, and a 22-foot channel on the east side of the harbor from deep water in Budd Inlet to a point 6,000 feet from Fourth Street was completed in 1927, and these depths are still available. The work remaining to be done is the increase of the 22-foot channel to 26 feet. The total costs of the existing project have been $211,763.82 for new work and $14,487.72 for maintenance, a total of $226,251.54. The total expenditures have been the same. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1930 ($247.48), for such supervision, surveys, and 1924 REPORT OF CHIEF OF EIGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 inspections as may be necessary. It is expected that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1932. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work bn the project. Commercial statistics.--The commerce in 1929 consisted of 1,059,- 213 tons floated logs, 438,188 tons lumber products, 43,800 tons sand and gravel, 32,668 tons mineral oils, 7,432 tons canned fruits and vegetables, and 15,463 tons miscellaneous. The limits of draft for vessel traffic in 1929 were as follows: For- eign and coastwise, 345,919 tons over 20 feet, 46,667 tons under 20 feet; local traffic,. 144,965 tons all under 12 feet. Comparative statement Vessel traffic Floated timbers Calendar year Tons Value Tons Value 1925-------------................------------------------------- 91,417 $3,563,354 502,379 $2,763,139 1926------------------------------------------ -155, 815 2,484,102 516,507 2,840,788 1927------------------------------------------- 353,735 7,248,044 388,281 2,135,545 1928------------------------------------------------- 554, 057 8, 169, 192 405, 281 2, 431, 912 1929-------------------------------------------------- 537, 551 9,040,785 1,059, 213 5, 296, 065 The increase in commerce since 1926 was chiefly in lumber ship- ments, and was made possible by improvement of the harbor by the port and the Federal Government. Cost and flnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------ $211, 763. 82 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ----------- __________-__ 14, 487. 72 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930____________ 226, 251. 54 Net total expenditures----------------- ------------------ 226, 251. 54 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------_ 247.48 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-- -. __ -__... _ 226, 499. 02 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1.927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work ------------ ..--------------------- $78. 37 $28, 205. 77........... Cost of maintenance---------------------$181. 62 136. 16 4. 15 $65. 70 - Total cost_------ --------------- ----- 181.62 214. 53 28, 209. 92 65. 70 Total expended----- --.------- __ 181.62 214 53 433. 08 28, -5, 859. 27 ...... Allotted -------------------------------- -- 70, 000. 00 29,923.99 -5, 924.97 -1, 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ------------ $1, 747. 48 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment 1, 500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for---------------------------- 247. 48 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------------247. 48 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project _ ------------ -56, 000. 00 SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1925 10. TACOMA HARBOR, WASH. Location and description.-This harbor embraces all of Com- mencement Bay, an arm of Puget Sound, 30 miles south of Seattle. This bay is about 21/2 miles wide and 4 miles long. Several water- ways have been constructed in the tidelands at the head of the bay. Those under improvement are the city (or west) waterway, the Puyallup waterway, and the Hylebos waterway. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6451.) Original condition.-A channel on the west side of the city water- way 200 feet wide and 25 feet deep at extreme low water had been dredged by the State of Washington and private owners of abutting lands from deep water to the Eleventh Street Bridge, a distance of approximately 4,000 feet. The remainder of the waterway was bare at extreme low tide. There was no navigable depth in the Puyallup waterway at extreme low tide. Logs were towed to mills on this waterway at favorable stages of the tide. Prior to the adoption of the project for Hylebos waterway in 1930, local interests had provided a channel varying from 22 to 34 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.---This provides for (a) a city waterway having a channel 500 feet wide and 29 feet deep at mean lower low water from deep water in Commencement Bay to the Eleventh Street Bridge, 500 feet wide and 22 feet deep to the Fourteenth Street Bridge, and varying from 500 to 250 feet wide and 19 feet deep from the Fourteenth Street Bridge to the end of this waterway, a total length of 8,500 feet; (b) for a channel 500 feet wide, 3,650 feet long, and 32 feet deep at mean lower low water in the Puyallup waterway after, the Puyallup River shall have been diverted there- from by local interests; and (c) for a channel in Hylebos waterway 200 feet wide and 30 feet deep from Commencement Bay to Lincoln Avenue, a distance of about 10,000 feet, thence 150 feet wide and 26 feet deep to the head of the waterway, a distance of about 3,000 feet. The extreme tidal range is 18.8 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 11.8 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1905, is $150,000 for the city water- way, $640,000 (revised in 1925) for the Puyallup waterway, and $136,000 (made in 1930) for Hylebos waterway, or a total of $926,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance of city waterway is $5,000. Puyallup waterway will be maintained by local interests. The estimated (1930) cost of maintenance of Hylebos waterway is $12,000 annually for the first two years and nominal expenditure after that time. The project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the city waterway (H. Doc. No. 76, 56th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the Puyallup waterway (H. Doc. No. 520, 58th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, required the diversion of Puyallup River (S. Doc. No. 418, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for the Hylebos waterway (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 25, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps of the locality are in the last-named document and on page 2540, Annual Report for 1905. Recommended modifications of project.--None. 1926 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved June 13, 1902, adopting the project for the improvement of the city water- way, provided: That no part of said amount shall be expended until a release from liability for damages shall be obtained, if any liability exists, arising from a contract between the State of Washington and R. B. Lehman, which said contract is set forth in said document, and the right is obtained, free of charge, to deposit material dredged from said channel upon adjacent tidelands. These conditions were complied with and accepted as satisfactory by the Chief of Engineers on December 8, 1902. The river and har- bor act approved March 3, 1905, adopting the project for Puyallup waterway, provided: That the United States shall be under no expense for the construction of bulkheads, groins, or filling; and before any portion of this appropriation shall be expended or any contract let for this improvement suitable provision shall be made to be approved by the Secretary of War, that in the prosecution and completion of the work of dredging said channel the cost and charges for the construction of necessary bulkheads and groins, or for necessary filling, will be furnished upon the demand of the United States engineer in charge, and the design and location of said bulkheads and groins shall be subject to his super- vision, and all necessary filling shall be made in accordance with the plans and specifications furnished by said engineer: And provided further, That no ex penditures shall be made under this appropriation unless provision satisfactory to the Secretary of War is made for the permanent maintenance of said project, when completed, without expense to the United States. These conditions were complied with and accepted by the Secre- tary of War as satisfactory on March 20, 1907. Under the provisions of the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, local interests are required to divert Puyallup River from Puyallup waterway before the improvement by the United States may be con- tinued. This has not yet been done. Under the provisions of the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, adopting the project for Hylebos waterway, local interests are re- quired to furnish, free of cost to the United States, necessary spoil- disposal areas, with bulkheads where required, and also pay the costs of pumping in excess of 3,000 feet, and give assurances that they will provide adequate bridge clearances at East Eleventh Street. Local authorities have taken steps to comply with these requirements, and it is expected that they will be met by January 1, 1931. In addition to the above cooperation specifically required by Con- gress, during 1917 the city of Tacoma contributed $5,000 for half the expense of restoring city waterway channel where shoaling had taken place. This work was done by contract. Terminal facilities.-There are 32 private wharves for the use of ocean-going vessels, with a total berthing space of "19,200 feet; 9 pri- vate and 2 publicly owned wharves for local steamers with a berth- ing space of 1,405 feet. These terminals provide a storage for 364,400 tons of merchandise and for 62,500,000 feet of lumber. All terminals have connection with the railways by means of spur tracks. There are also four oil wharves. Two coal bunkers for coaling ships are available, with a delivery capacity of 600 tons per hour. The two publicly owned wharves and 12 of the private wharves described above are located on the city waterway. There are no terminals on the Puyallup waterway. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1927 In addition, the port of Tacoma has in operation one open pier and one covered pier, with a combined berthing capacity of 3,100 feet, both piers being equipped with the latest facilities for the rapid handling of freight, and has under construction a grain elevator. These facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 7, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has opened the city waterway to deep-draft vessels. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Survey of the city waterway was made in April, 1930. The total costs, including inspections and overhead, were $426.40, all for maintenance. The expenditures were the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 33 per cent completed. The city waterway was completed in 1905. Shoaling was re- moved by dredging under contract in 1917, 1924, and 1928. The controlling depths and widths on May 10, 1930, were as follows: From deep water in Commencement Bay to the Eleventh Street bridge, 29 feet deep and 500 feet wide except for some shoaling close to the wharves; thence 21 feet deep and 400 feet wide to the Fourteenth Street bridge, and 18 feet deep and 300 feet wide above that point to within 500 feet of the head of the waterway. The cost of new work on this waterway has been $150,018.58, and of maintenance $60,442.91, a total of $210,461.49, not including $5,000 expended for maintenance from contributed funds. Work on the Puyallup waterway was commenced in 1908 and suspended in April, 1910. At that time, 1,811,599 cubic yards of material had been removed. In November, 1909, the channel exca- vated was practically obliterated by filling caused by a flood in the Puyallup River. The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, author- ized the suspension of work and directed that no further work be done on this project until local interests diverted the Puyallup River from the waterway or otherwise prevented excessive deposits therein. The waterway has shoaled to its original condition, and no naviga- tion is possible except small boats towing logs at high tide. The cost of new work on this waterway has been $159,584.46, and of maintenance $4,415.54, a total of $164,000. No work has been done by the Federal Government on the Hylebos waterway, and the present channel is as stated under Original condition. The work remaining to be done is completing the Puyallup water- way at an estimated cost of $480,000, and the Hylebos waterway at an estimated cost of $136,000. The total costs of the existing project have been $309,603.04 for new work and $64,858.45 for maintenance, a grand total of $374,- 461.49, not including $5,000 contributed funds for maintenance. These costs are identical with actual expenditures. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended balance July 1, 1930, as follows: Maintenance dredging, city waterway, by contract, April to May, 1931, 25,000 cubic yards at 40 cnts------------------------ $10, 000. 00 Surveys and inspections- - - - - 1, 038. 51 Total----- - ..-------- 11,038. 51 1928 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 It is expected that these funds will be exhausted June 30, 1931. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as it is not anticipated that any maintenance work will be required, and the relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of this harbor is of a gen- eral character. The principal receipts are ores and floated logs. The principal shipments are lumber products, flour, and copper. No accurate data on drafts could be obtained. The estimated maximum draft inbound was 30 feet; outbound, 31.5 feet. Comparative statement Vessel traffic Floated timbers Calendar year Tons Value Tons Value 1925----------- -------------- ------------------- 2, 525, 622 $172, 501, 755 1, 838, 677 $9,141,465 1926---- ----------------------------------- 2, 694, 509 163, 260, 253 2, 142, 970 9, 991, 020 1927-------- -------. 2, 740, 004 ,-----------------------------.. 144, 933, 922 2, 014, 755 8, 946, 109 1928---- ------------------------------------ 3, 078, 996 148, 087, 647 2, 429, 723 12, 072, 047 1929 ---------------------------------------- 3, 095, 687 171, 336, 377 3,305,121 14, 532, 704 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930----------------------------- $309,603. 04 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 164, 858. 45 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 374, 461. 49 Net total expenditures----------------------------------------- 374, 461. 49 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ------------------------------ 11, 038. 51 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------- 385, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work........................................................ Cost of maintenance -------------------- $183. 82 $98. 84 $7, 173. 51 $55. 16 $426. 40 Total expended ...........----------------------- 183. 82 98. 84 7, 055.31 55. 16 426.40 Allotted--------------------------...................... ......----------- ........ 12,000.00 ------------......... 4,500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-_ _ $6, 964. 91 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------------- 11, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-------------------- 17, 964. 91 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-------------_ _ 6,500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for_--____ 11, 464. 91 Gross amount expended_ - ------------- 426. 40 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-- ---------------------- 11, 038. 51 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 616, 000. 00 1In addition, *Exclusive of $5,000 was expended from contributed funds. available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1929 11. SEATTLE HARBOR, WASH. Location and description.-This harbor includes all waterways within the city limits of Seattle. The chief anchorage basin is Elliott Bay, an arm of Puget Sound, 30 miles north of Tacoma. This bay is 2 miles wide and 4 miles long. The east and west water- ways have been excavated in the shallow tide flats at the mouth of the Duwamish River. The Duwamish waterway has been dredged through the valley of the Duwamish River, a tributary of Elliott Bay. All of these waterways are tidal. The Lake Washington Ship Canal, which connects Puget Sound with Lakes Union and Washington, is covered by a separate report. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6445.) Original condition.-The available depths in Elliott Bay were ample for all classes of vessels. The Duwamish River was formed by the junction of the Black and White Rivers and flowed in a northwesterly direction to Elliott Bay, a distance of 8 miles in a direct line but 141/2 miles by the river. At its mouth the river spread over a tide-flat area about 11/2 miles wide. From its source to its mouth the depth averaged approximately 4 feet at mean lower low water, with one channel over the tide flats, with controlling depth of 2 feet at mean lower low water. Prior to the adoption of this project the east and west waterways had been dredged to full dimensions by the State of Washington and the Duwamish waterway had been partially dredged by the State and local interests. Previous projects.-There was no previous project except the snag- ging done in connection with the improvement of Puget Sound and its tributary waters. For further details of previous project see page 2006, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for maintenance of the east and west waterways to a depth of 34 feet at mean lower low water, with a width of 750 feet for distances of 6,500 and 5,200 feet, respec- tively, from the pierhead line in Elliott Bay, and for dredging the Duwamish waterwt y 200 feet wide and 30 feet deep at mean lower low water between the west waterway and First Avenue South, 150 by 20 feet between First and Eighth Avenues South, thence 150 by 15 feet to a point about 1.4 miles above Fourteenth Avenue South bridge, with a turning basin 600 by 350 feet and 20 feet deep just south of the First Avenue South bridge, and a turning basin 500 by 250 feet and 15 feet deep and settling basin with capacity of about 100,000 cubic yards, at the upper end of the waterway, a distance of 27,060 feet, or 5.12 miles. The total length of waterways included under the project is 7.34 miles. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 11.28 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, is $381,000 of which $140,476 is to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $4,000 for the east waterway, $6,000 for the west waterway. The latest (1922) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $48,000 for the Duwamish waterway. The project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1919 (S. Doc. No. 313, 65th Cong., 3d sess.), provided for maintenance of the east and west waterways 34 feet 1930 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 deep, and of the Duwamish waterway, 20 feet deep and 150 feet wide, as far south as the Eighth Avenue South bridge; and the acts of March 3, 1925 (H. Doc. No. 108, 68th Cong., 1st sess.), and of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 126, 71st Cong., 2d sess.), provided for enlarg- ing the Duwamish waterway. The latest published map of the locality is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act of March 2, 1919, required local inter- ests to complete the Duwamish waterway to a depth of 20 feet at mean lower low water with a bottom width of 150 feet from the west waterway to the Eighth Avenue south bridge, a distance of 17,000 feet, or 3.22 miles, and to provide bulkheaded areas for the deposit of material dredged during maintenance. The channel was completed on March 31, 1924. The act of March 3, 1925, adopting the project for enlarging the Duwamish waterway to Fourteenth Avenue south, required local interests to contribute 50 per cent of the cost of the work, but pro- vided that credit may be allowed for work done on the project sub- sequent to June 27, 1922, furnish bulkheaded areas for deposit of dredged material, and assume the cost of overhaul to points more than 2,000 feet from the dredge. These conditions were complied with and accepted by the Secretary of War on June 21, 1928. The cash contribution amounted to $35,476. The act of July 3, 1930, authorizing the extension of the 15 by 150 foot channel a distance of 1.4 miles above Fourteenth Avenue south, requires local interests to pay half the cost of new work, or $105,000; furnish bulkheaded areas for the deposit of dredged material; and pay the cost of overhaul to points more than 3,000 feet from the dredge. These conditions have not been met, but it is expected that they will be complied with by July 1, 1931. The State of Washington has expended $3,765,000, and the Du- wamish Waterway Commission, King County, and city of Seattle to- gether $2,576,000, making a total of $6,341,000 for the improvement of the east, west, and Duwamish waterways. * Terminal facilities.-Exclusive of Lake Union and Lake Washing- ton, Seattle Harbor has 63 principal wharves privately owned, of which 33 are commercial wharves, 15 industrial, 4 oil, 2 coal bunkers, and 3 shipbuilding plants. There are also six public terminals owned by the port of Seattle. All the commercial and port commis- sion terminals are open to public use. Of the above, 11 wharves are located on the east waterway, 3 on the west waterway, and 2 on the Duwamish waterway. Terminals of the port commission have: Wharf and plant area. 2,311,654 square feet. Warehouse capacity, 122,048 tons. Car capacity, 1,262 cars. Berthing space, 14,768 feet. The two Smith Cove terminals consist of two piers, each about one- half mile long; Pier 40 is 310 and Pier 41 is 367 feet wide. The three port terminals on the east waterway provide 4,432 feet of berthing space and 931,741 square feet of storage space, of which 812,166 square feet is covered and 119,575 uncovered. The Bell Street terminal, located on the central water front, has a berthing space of 1,262 linear feet. All the port terminals are pro- RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1931 vided with modern methods for the rapid transit of freight. Termi- nals on Lake Union and Lake Washington are given under "Lake Washington Ship Canal." (For a full description of terminal facili- ties, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 7, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The work done by the Government and local interests has opened up the waterways to Fourteenth Avenue south, providing for a large commerce. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The Duwamish water- way was completed to project dimensions on October 15, 1929, by dredging under contract, a total of 193,354 cubic yards being re- moved during the fiscal year. Shoaling on the west side of the east waterway was removed by dredging 37,022 cubic yards under con- tract in September 1929. The total costs were $24,538.70 from Fed- eral funds and $3,476 from contributed funds for new work, and $10,695.96 from Federal funds for maintenance. The total ex- penditures were $50,475.24 from Federal funds and $3,476 from contributed funds. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 34 per cent completed. The Duwamish waterway below Fourteenth Avenue South was completed October 15, 1929, and it is not believed that any material shoaling has occurred since that date. Above Four- teenth Avenue South there is no usable depth of water at low tide. The project depth is available in the west waterway except for slight shoaling on the sides. The project depth in the east waterway is available except at the extreme southwest corner where it is 13 feet, and an area about 200 by 1,000 feet at the middle of the east side which has shoaled to a minimum of 18 feet. The work remaining to be done is dredging the channel and basin above Fourteenth Avenue South, at an estimated cost of $210,000, of which half is to be paid by local interests. The total costs of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year have been $135,585.82 from Federal funds and $35,476 from con- tributed funds for new work, and $22,721.52 from Federal funds for maintenance, a total of $158,307.34 from Federal funds and $35,476 from contributed funds. The total expenditures have been $158.- 252.90 from Federal funds and $35,476 from contributed funds. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1930, for necessary surveys and maintenance dredging as follows: Outstanding liabilities_-------------------------------------------- $54. 44 Dredging in east waterway, east side, by contract, 70,000 cubic yards at 30 cents------------------------------------------------- 1, 000.00 Surveys, inspections, and contingencies-------------------------- 6,692 66 Total ---------- ----------------------------------------- __ 27, 747. 10 It is expected that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, is for maintenance dredging in the Duwamish waterway, as follows : Dredging, 120,000 cubic yards, by contract, at 25 cents _---------- $30, 000 Surveys and inspections ________ ____________________ 6,000 Total_____________________-_____________ __ _36, 000 1932 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. .S. ARMY, 1930 This amount exceeds the average expenditure for maintenance dur- ing the last five years as the channel in the Duwamish waterway has recently been completed. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. Commercial statistics. -The commerce of Seattle Harbor is of a general character. The principal receipts are silk, fuel oil, fish, logs, sand and gravel, and general merchandise. The principal .shipments are lumber, oils and grease, flour, wheat, canned goods, apples, paper, and general merchandise. Coastwise traffic, forming 68 per cent of the total tonnage, required drafts of about 7 to 29 feet; local traffic, 21 per cent of the total tonnage, about 4 to 9 feet; foreign traffic, 11 per cent, about 25 to 32 feet. No accurate data on drafts could be obtained. Comparative statement Vessel traffic Floated timber Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value 1925--------...............---------------------- 6, 604, 005 $717, 838, 749. ( 1, 248, 986 $6, 808, 061 1926_ __.-------------- ---------------- 7, 048, 627 739, 691, 431 (s) 1, 516, 868 8. 145, 448 1927___-________ ______.-.----------- - - 7,029, 074 695, 187, 839 (2) 1, 606, 965 8,713,844 1928 ----.----------------------------- 7, 454, 972 760, 124, 860 () 1, 452, 723 13, 622, 851 1929_ ---------------------------------- 7, 532, 129 756, 627, 669 (2) 2, 585, 425 19, 297, 326 1 The statistics for 1929 include the foreign, coastwise, and local commerce of Salmon Bay and Lakes Union and Washington, amounting to 1,378,647 tons of vessel traffic valued at $8,649,832 and 1,526,978 tons of floated timber valued at $7,634,890 (see " Operating and Care of Lake Washington Ship Canal, Wash."). Intraport traffic is not included. The statistics prior to 1929 include this foreign and coastwise commerce, only, excluding both intraport and local U2 Not reported. Cost and financial summary UNITED STATES FUNDS Cost of new work to Jurn 30, 1930 -------- ___ -... __ ___- _ $135, 585. 82 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__.______ ________- -__ 22, 721. 52 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_---_____- _ 158, 307. 34 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930---------------------------- 54.44 Net total expenditures______-- _____-____----- 158, 252. 90 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930- -- --------- _______ 27, 747. 10 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------186, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending Julie 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work...------.----............-............ $811. 84 $110, 235. 28 $24, 538. 70 Cost of maintenance.-- ..--------.--- $835.44 $4, 243. 68 1, 123. 29 95.21 10, 695. 96 Total cost......................... 835. 44 4, 243. 68 1, 935. 13 110, 330. 49 35, 234.66 Total expended-........................... 835. 44 4, 243. 68 1, 785. 47 95, 035. 47 50,475.24 2000.0--------0600 . 15000 8000 Allotted.---......-..----..----..-.-.-...-.- 20, 000.00 I _1~~~~I106,000.00 15, 000. 00 8, 000.00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1933 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 --------------------------- $70, 222. 34 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 ----------------------------------------- 26,000.00 Amount to be accounted for_ ---------------------- 96, 222. 34 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment __________-- 18, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for-..... - __-- ___-_ 78, 222. 34 Gross amount expended_ 50, 475.24 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930---------------------- 27, 747. 10 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---------------------------- 54. 44 Balance available June 30, 1930__- __________---- _--- 27, 692. 66 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 12-______________ 105, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending --- - - June 30, 1922, for maintenance 2______ ____________ 36, 000. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__-----__-- --- ____-------- __ $35, 476 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_____________ _______ Net total expenditures ---------------------------------- 35, 476 Total amount contributed to June 30, 1930----------------------- 35, 476 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--------- ---------------------------- $32, 000. 00 $3, 476.00 Cost of maintenance .. . . . .. . ..- . .. . ...- .- . . .- .. .. Total expended ------------------------------------------ 32,000.00 3,476. 00 Allotted -- -----.----------------- .-----------------------$45, 000. 00 ....----------...... -9, 524.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_______________-_________- $13, 000.00 Deductions on account of refund of unexpended balance to city of Seattle---------------------------------------------------9, 524. 00 Net amount to be accounted for_____ -___-____ 3, 476. 00 Gross amount expended----------------------------------3, 476. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be contributed for completion of existing project--------------------------------------------- 105, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED COST AND FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR SEATTLE HARBOR, WASH. Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ------------------------- $171, 061.82 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------- 22, 721. 52 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-- --------- 193, 783. 34 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------- 54. 44 Net total expenditures______------------------- --- 193, 728. 90 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 27, 747. 10 Total amount appropriated and contributed to June 30, 1930 221, 476. 00 2,---------------------------- 1 Exclusive of available funds. 2 In addition, local interests are to contribute $105,000. 1934 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work....------------------------------------------ $811. 84 $142,235. 28 $28, 014. 70 Cost of maintenance__----.---------_- $835.44 $4, 243. 68 1, 123. 29 95. 21 10, 695. 96 Total cost.....-------------------__ 835. 44 4, 24. 68 1,935.13 142, 330.49 38, 710. 66 Total expended---.. ------------------. 835.44 4,243. 68 1, 785.47 127, 035.47 53.951.24 .20,000. Allotted and contributed.--------.-___. 1 00 ----------- 151, 000.00 15, 000.00 -1, 524. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ----------- $83,222.34 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930----------------------------------------------- 26, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for 109, 222. 34 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment and return of contributed funds--------------------------------------------27, 524. 00 Net amount to be accounted for___________________--__ 81, 698. 34 Gross" amount expended--------------------------------------- 53, 951.24 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_____-- -_____-_______ _ 27, 747. 10 OutstandIng liabilities June 30, 1930_____________________ 54. 44 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------------------27, 692. 66 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated and contributed for completion of existing project ----------- 210, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance------------------------------------- 36, 000. 00 12. LAKE WASHINGTON SHIP CANAL, WASH. Location and description.-This improvement lies entirely within the city of Seattle and extends from Puget Sound through Shilshole Bay, Salmon Bay, Lake Union, Portage Bay, and Union Bay to deep water in Lake Washington. The distance by channel from deep water in Puget Sound to deep water in Lake Washington is approxi- mately 8 miles. The drainage area of Lake Washington and Cedar River watersheds is 580 square miles and the discharge 12,000 second- feet during the flood season and about 50 second-feet during the dry season. The tidal reach extends to the locks, approximately 11/4 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6447.) Original condition.-There was no connection between Lakes Union and Washington. Lake Washington, through the Black and Duwamish Rivers, had a navigable connection with Puget Sound with sufficient capacity for the transportation of logs. Lake Union had no navigable connection with Salmon Bay. Salmon and Shil- shole Bays were navigable at high tide, but both bays were practi- cally dry at extreme low tide. At mean lower low tide a narrow, crooked channel approximately 21/2 miles long and about 3 feet deep extended from Puget Sound to near the head of Salmon Bay. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, and modified by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The cost and expenditures on the orig- inal and modified project prior to commencement of operations under existing project in 1910 were $485,002.45, all of which was for survey 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1935 and improvement by dredging. For further details of previous projects see page 2003, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a double lock and fixed dam with movable crest and necessary accessory works at the Narrows at the entrance to Salmon Bay, approximately 11/4 miles from deep water in Puget Sound; for a channel 34 feet deep at mean lower low water and 300 feet wide from Puget Sound to the Great Northern Railway bridge, about 5,500 feet, with a passing basin and log basin at the turn below the railway bridge; thence 34 feet deep and 150 to 200 feet wide to the locks, about 900 feet; and a guide pier 600 feet long; for the revetment of the canal banks between the locks and Lake Union and between Lakes Union and Washington; and for the excavation by King County or other local agency of a channel 25 feet deep at low water and 75 feet wide at the bottom from the locks into Lake Washington. The following table shows the principal features of the double lock and dam. (The structures are located at Seattle, Wash.) Large lock Small lock Miles above mouth ...------------------------------------------------------ 1 Clear width of chamber__---------------------------------------feet 80 30 Maximum available length -.... ------------------------------------. _ _ do- .. 760 123 Lift -- - - - -- do 26 26 .---------------------------------------------- Depth on upper miter sill 1__________ ___________ do _ 36 16 Depth on intermediate miter sill 2_ __ _.. .. do . 29 Depth on lower miter sill 2 do ____ . ....------------ 29 16 ------------------------------------------------ Character of foundation__________________________ Clay. Clay. Kind of dam__----------------- -..-------------- - (3) (3) Type of construction__-------------------------------------------------(4) (4) Year completed ------------------------------------------------------ 1916 1916. Cost... ------------------- . __ ------- . ---- ..... ---------------------- (5) (s) Low water in upper pool. 21 Mean lower low water in Puget Sound. 3 Fixed dam with movable crest. 4 Concrete. I The coat of double lock and dam was $2,224,712 and the emergency gates, completed in 1123, $174,698.31. The length of section included in this project is about 8 miles. The extreme tidal range is 19 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 11.3 feet, and between mean lower low water and extreme low water is 4 feet. The ordi- nary fluctuation in the upper pool is approximately 6 inches and the extreme fluctuation is 2 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1926, is $3,375,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous- projects. The cost of maintenance is defrayed from the permanent indefinite appropri- ation for operating and care of canals and other works of navigation. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, as modified by the act of March 4,. 1913, provided for a double lock and fixed dam with movable crest and necessary accessory works at the entrance to Salmon Bay, the dredging of a channel from the locks to deep water in Puget Sound,. and excavation by local interests of a channel from the locks into Lake Washington (H. Doc. No. 953, 60th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for dredging below the locks and revet- ting canal banks (H. Doc. No. 800, 64th Cong., 1st sess.); and the- act of September 22, 1922, provided for increased dimensions of the 11714--ENG 1930---122 * 1936 -REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 channel between Puget Sound and the locks and a 600-foot extension of the lower guide pier (H. Doc. No. 324, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-Rightof way and flowage rights for the canal as originally located were secured for the United States by King County and1 were accepted as satisfactory.by the Secretary of War on June 22, 1900. The present route through the Portage was later donated by the State of Washington and accepted by the Secretary of War on April 23, 1907. The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, provided: That before beginning said work or making such contract or contracts the Secretary of War shall be satisfied that King County, or some other local agency, will do the excavation in the waterway above the lock to the dimensions recommended in said project, and will also secure the United States from lia- bility for any claims or damages on account of the grant made to James A. Moore or his assigns by the act of Congress approved June 11, 1906, or on account of the lowering of the level of Lake Washington, raising the level of Salmon Bay, or any other alteration of the level of any part of said waterway. These conditions were complied with and accepted by the Secre- tary of War on June 30, 1911. The dimensions of the channel above the lock as recommended in the project were to be not less than 25 feet deep at low water and 75 feet wide on the bottom; but, under contracts by King County and the State of Washington, a channel 36 feet deep at low water and 100 feet wide on the bottom was dredged from the locks into Lake Union, while from the upper end of Lake Union into deep water in Lake Washington a channel was dredged 26 feet deep at low water and 75 feet wide on the bottom, except through the Portage cut between Lakes Union and Washing- ton, where it was from 30 to 36 feet deep and 100 feet wide on the bottom. The temporary controlling works for the regulation of the levels of Lakes Union and Washington were removed and the north and south banks of the Portage cut, for a distance of about 1,000 feet, were protected by a concrete revetment. Brush and rock revet- ment was placed on the slopes of the cut between Lake Union and Salmon Bay for a distance of 2,975 linear feet, and a small amount of dredging was done in Black River to facilitate the lowering of Lake Washington. The State of Washington expended $246,567.07 and King County $742,070.51 in carrying out this work. Terminal facilities.-In Salmon Bay three wharves are munici- pally owned. Two of these are open to public use, the larger, 96,000 square feet in floor area, being equipped with mechanical handling facilities and connected to transcontinental railroads. Of 10 privately owned wharves, 3 only are open to public use, 2 are mill wharves equipped with facilities for rapid handling of lumber, and 5 are industrial wharves. Of these, 6 have railroad connections. Lake Union has 4 wharves open to public use, 3 of which are publicly owned; 2 of these wharves have ample depth for deep-draft vessels and are rail connected. There are 3 sawmill wharves, all having rail connections. There are also 23 other private wharves, of which 17 are industrial and 6 are distribution stations for coal, oil, and building materials. Eleven of these are served by spur tracks from transcontinental railroads. Lake Washington is in its initial development as to large terminals and industries. Four wharves owned by the county are open to RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1937 public use. Four private wharves have sufficient depth for ocean carriers and three are equipped with mechanical handling facilities. Three have rail connections. All of these wharves are of pile and timber construction. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a description of terminal facilities existing in 1922 see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 7, Corps of Engineers.) EfLect of inmprovement.-The canal has opened to commercial and industrial use a fresh-water harbor, lying in and adjacent to the city of Seattle, with an area of over 25,000 acres and a shore line of over 100 miles. * Operations and results during fiscal year.-The removal of shoals was continued in the channel west of the University bridge, Portage Bay, Portage Cut, and Union Bay, a total of 44,748 cubic yards being dredged, 66 rocks and 43 piles removed, by Government and rented plant and hired labor. For maintenance, 130 linear feet of revetment were constructed at the Portage by Government plant and hired labor. Signal lights were installed at the Ballard, Fremont Avenue, and Montlake bridges, and a float constructed below the south wall of the large lock, by hired labor. A 300-foot guide pier below the south wall of the large lock was constructed under con- tract. The costs were $9,057.68 for new work and $17,748.33 for maintenance, a total of $26,806.01. The total expenditures were $28,270.63. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 99.6 per cent completed. The locks and dam were completed in 1916, and emergency dams for both locks in 1923. A total of 5,420 feet of con- crete revetment has been constructed between Salmon Bay and Lake Union and 1,937 feet between Lake Union and Lake Washington. A..concrete warehouse at the locks was completed in 1922, and a con- crete garage completed in 1923. A channel 6,300 feet long, 150 to 300 feet wide, and 34 feet deep at mean lower low water, with passing basin and log basin, has been dredged between the locks and deep water in Pudget Sound, and the guide pier below the locks has been extended 600 feet. A guide pier 300 feet long has been constructed below the south wall of the large lock. Signal lights have been installed at the Ballard, Fremont Avenue, and Montlake bridges. With contributed funds, a channel was completed under contract in 1917, 36 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the locks into Lake Union, and 26 feet deep and 75 feet wide from the upper end of Lake Union into deep water in Lake Washington, except through the Portage cut, where a portion of it is 100 feet wide and 30 to 36 feet deep. Concrete revetment on both sides of the Portage cut for a distance of 1,000 feet was completed in 1916. The water from the locks into Lake Washington is nontidal, and is maintained at mean elevation of 21 feet above mean lower low tide of Puget Sound, with a maximum variation of 2 feet. The controlling depths at the end of the fiscal year were as follows: Puget Sound to the locks, 34 feet at mean lower low water; between the locks and Lake Union, 31 feet; and between Lake Union and Lake Washington, 26 feet at normal pool level for a bottom width of 75 to 100 feet. Work remaining to be done is revetting 1,840 feet of canal bank between Salmon Bay and Lake Union. For maintenance, about 1938 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 1,063 feet of additional revetment will have to be constructed in Portage cut. The costs of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year have been $3,316,387.06 for new work and $98,494.04 for maintenance, a total of $3,414,881.10. The total expenditures have been $3,418,286.59. In addition, there has been expended by the State of Washington $246,567.07, and by King County $742,070.51 in the excavation of the channel above the locks and in the construction of concrete re.vet- ment at the Portage. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended balance July 1, 1930, as follows: New work: Revetment of canal banks between Salmon Bay and Lake Union, by United States plant and hired labor, November- December, 1930, 600 linear feet, at $20______________________ $12, 000. 00 Maintenance : Outstanding liabilities ..------------------------------------- 266. 28 Revetment of canal banks through' Portage Cut, by United States plant and hired labor, November-December, 1930, 200 linear feet, at $12__________________________________ 2, 400. 00 Maintenance of channel from the upper end of Lake Union to deep water in Lake Washington, by United States plant and hired labor, April-June, 1931---------------------------10, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies__________________________ 2, 249. 43 Total------.-------- ------------------------------- 26, 915. 71 It is expected that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 is for revetment and dredging, by United States plant and hired labor, as follows: New work: Revetment of canal banks between Salmon Bay and Lake Union, 300 linear feet, at $20 ------ - -_______ __ ____ $6, 000 Maintenance: Revetment of canal banks through the Portage Cut, 300 linear feet, at $12_ -------------------------------------------- 3, 600 Maintenance of channel from upper end of Salmon Bay to deep water in Lake Washington-__ __________ 10, 000 Engineering and contingencies_____ ___-____________ 3, 400 Total------------------------------------------------ 23, 000 The estimate for maintenance for the fiscal year 1932 is larger than the average expended for that purpose during the preceding five years, as the increasing use of the canal by large vessels requires the maximum channel dimensions authorized by the existing project. Commercial statistics.-For statement of traffic passing through the canal see report under " Operating and care of Lake Washington Ship Canal." For complete statistics of Seattle Harbor see report under " Seattle Harbor, Wash." Cost and financial summnary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_________________________ $3, 801, 389. 51 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 ___- ._ _ -__- _____-____ 98, 494. 04 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 3, 899, 883. 55 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930------ ---- 3, 671. 77 Net total cost to June 30, 1930--------------------- 3, 903, 555. 32 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1939 :Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930_______________________ $266. 28 Net total expenditures --------------------------------- 3, 903, 289. 04 Tnexpended balance June 30, 1930. 26, 915. 71 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ----------- 3, 930, 204. 75 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work________ ___ ________ $192, 243.48 $3, 881.42 ....... .. $2, 057. 99 $9,057. 68 Cost of maintenance___- _---------_ 4, 580. 00 2, 890. 37 $8, 595.62 23, 000.04 17, 748. 33 Total cost--------___ __ -__-- _ 196, 823.48 6, 771. 79 8, 595. 62 25, 058.03 26, 806. 01 Total expended ______________ ___ ____ 196, 823.48 6, 771. 79 19, 483.56 9, 342. 40 28, 270. 63 Allotted__.._.___................ .... . ....- ___ -- 1, 936.38 -32,531.30 39,172.43 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929____________________________ $16, 013.91 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930 $16, 500. 00 $______________---- Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929 , 500. 00 7------------------------- Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Sept. 22, 1922__------------------------------------15, 172. 43 39, 172. 43 Amount to be accounted for------------------------------ 55, 186. 34 Gross amount expended---------------------------------------- 28, 270. 63 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------26,915.71 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930______________-------------- 266. 28 Balance available June 30, 1930_ --------------------- --- 26, 649.43 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1-------- ----- --------------- 46, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: 1 For new work -------------------------------- ---- 6, 000. 00 For maintenance ----------------------------------------- 17,000.00 Total _----_----------------------- - -23, 000. 00 13. OPERATING AND CARE OF LAKE WASHINGTON SHIP CANAL, WASH. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Lake Washington Ship Canal, Wash. (See pp. 1934 to 1939, where general information regarding the improvement can be found.) The large lock has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since April 8, 1916. The small lock and dam have been operated under the same appropriation since July 30, 1916. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work carried on is the operation of both locks and the dam and maintenance of gates, valves, machinery, buildings, and grounds. Both locks were oper- ated throughout the year and necessary repairs were made, the work being done with hired labor at a cost of $91,857.12. The total expenditures were $90,316.85. SExclusive of available funds. 1940 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The double lock and dam were completed in 1916 and emergency dams for both locks in 1923. For details see report on "Lake Washington Ship Canal." The total costs have been $1,153,928.34. The total expenditures from the permanent indefinite appropriation have been $1,147,157.73. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The commerce in 1929 ocnsisted of 1,660,- 815 tons floated timber, 935,993 tons sand and gravel, 284,581 tons mineral oils, 241,772 tons lumber products, 30,837 tons coal, 19,345 tons hogged fuel, 18,886 tons coal tar, 12,074 tons wood, 9,619 tons barged timber, 6,119 tons brick, 4,502 tons cement, 3,512 tons lime, and 7,116 tons miscellaneous, and was carried on the following drafts: 7 to 10 feet, 10 per cent; 10 to 18 feet, 75 per cent: 18 to 28 feet, 15 per cent. The traffic in commodities through the canal, except a small por- tion of that in logs and lumber, has been made possible by the work already completed under the project. Prior to opening the canal traffic did not extend easterly beyond the confines of Salmon Bay and consisted mainly of logs and lumber. This has increased and additional commerce developed since towing in and out of Lakes Union and Washington has been made possible by the opening of the canal. No lines of transportation have been abandoned, but since no traffic was possible in an easterly direction beyond Salmon Bay prior to the opening of the waterway, all ships and tows using the canal between Salmon Bay and Lakes Union and Washington constitute new lines of transportation of an irregular character, the traffic not yet being of sufficient extent to justify the permanent establishment of regular lines. The full project width is necessary for the bulk of the commerce, and the full project depth between the locks and Lake Washington for about 15 per cent thereof. The full project depth between Puget Sound and the locks is necessary for only a small percentage of the present commerce. The project depth into Lake Washington is not sufficient to carry some of the commerce and lightering is necessary. Comparative statement x Vessel traffic 2 Floated timbers General ferry Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value Tons Passengers 1925...------------ 1, 246, 629 $8, 453, 111 49, 792 1, 171, 984 $6, 259, 409 269, 031 1, 401,037 1926 .---------- 1, 391,013 8, 463, 045 54, 544 1,485, 938 7, 919, 977 343, 463 1, 162, 034 1927 ............. 1, 599, 510 8, 784, 794 57, 372 1, 527, 636 8, 273, 617 220,185 926, 212 1928 ... . 1, 523, 138 7, 124, 056 69, 435 1, 564, 560 8, 855, 45 1 268, 871 1, 204,075 1929------------.. . 1, 574, 356 10, 679, 193 52, 884 1, 660, 815 8, 304, 075 258, 064 1,249, 036 1 These statistics consist of the foreign, coastwise, intraport, and local commerce of Salmon Bay, and Lakes Union and Washington. This foreign, coastwise and local commerce for 1929, amounting to 1,378,647 tons of vessel traffic valued at $8,649,832, and 1,526 978 tons of floated timber valued at $7,634,890, is also included in the statistics for "Seattle Harbor, Wash." Prior to 1929 only the foreign and coastwise com- merce was so included. 2 Excludes tonnage in transit (245,152 tons in 1929) and general ferry. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1941 Cost and flzanoial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-_-__.-_---------- $1,153,928.34 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930-------- 747. 71 Net total cost to June 30, 1930 __-------____---------- 1, 154, 676. 05 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ------------ ----- 286. 45 Gross total costs to June 30, x930--------------------- 1, 154, 962. 50 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-- ------- ------- 7, 804. 77 Net total expenditures____-- __-- 1, 147, 157. 73 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 --------- 11, 451.97 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 , 158, 609. 70 1_____________ Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.-------------------------------$3,126.46 $26, 804.86 -.......... Cost of maintenance_------------------- $95, 925. 80 84, 852.49 88, 216.24 $85, 821.62 $91,857.12 Total cost............------------------------- 95, 925.80 87, 978. 95 115, 021. 10 85, 821. 62 91, 857. 12 Total expended___--------------- 95, 925. 80 87, 978. 95 115, 444.37 86, 611. 89 90, 316.85 Allotted...................-.-... 105, 000. 00 88, 000.00 121, 60000 83, 000.00 80,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------- -------- $21, 768. 82 Amount allotted from permanent indefinite appropriation, section 6, river and harbor act, Mar. 3, 1909_ _______--------____--- 80. 000. 00 -- Amount to be accounted for________- ____--_____- 101, 768. 82 Gross amount expended ___________-_________-----_ 90,316. 85 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------- 11, 451. 97 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930 ___------------------- 8, 781. 73 Balance available June 30, 1930___________--_____----- 2,670. 24 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 6. 45 2---------------------- Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930------- ---- 2, 956. 69 Amount allotted for fiscal year 1931______________---____-------- 90, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1931._______________------------ 92, 956. 69 14. EVERETT HARBOR AND SNOHOMISH RIVER, WASH. Location and description.-Everett Harbor is located on Port Gardner Bay, at the northern end of Possession Sound, an arm of Puget Sound, 30 miles north of Seattle and 45 miles south of Bell- ingham. The deep water harbor is about 2 miles long and 11 miles wide. Snohomish River is formed by the junction of the Snoqualmie and Skykomish Rivers, 21 miles from Puget Sound. It flows northwesterly and empties into Puget Sound through Eby Slough, Steamboat Slough, Union Slough, and Old River, the latter being a part of Everett Harbor, Wash. The width between banks is 400 to 1,000 feet. The drainage area is about 1,750 square miles. There are no discharge data available. The river is tidal for about 18 miles above its mouth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6448.) Original condition.--The southern part of the water front of Everett Harbor on Port Gardner Bay had ample depth and was 1942 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 accessible for deep-draft vessels. The northern portion was inac- ,of cessible on account of the delta formation or tide flats off the mouth the Snohomish River, and the whole water front was exposed to westerly storms. The mouth of Old River Channel was practically dry at low water. It was used as a storing and sorting ground for logs, and was navigable for tugs and light-draft boats at favorable stages of the tide. Steamboat Slough was used by light-draft boats and was the most important outlet of the river. The river was navigable throughout its length for steamers of about 3-foot draft and for towing and floating logs. Previous projects.-The original project for the improvement of Everett Harbor was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, and modified by joint resolution of Congress approved April 23, 1902. The cost and expenditures on original and modified projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910 were $411,709.14 for new work and $5,868.63 for maintenance, a total of $417,577.77. For further details of previous projects see page 2005 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a training dike with gap of :such width as may prove advisable at the outlet of the Old River 'Channel; for raising 6,000 feet of the existing dike or bulkhead in Everett Harbor to an elevation of 14 feet above mean lower low water; for extending the spur dike on the south side of the gap ,eastwardly to the pierhead line; for maintaining to a depth of 30 feet, at mean lower low water, the channel designated as east water- way in Everett Harbor, which is to be dredged to 30 feet by local interests, to the east of the proposed municipal dike and fill; for maintaining a channel approximately 100 feet wide between deep water in Everett Harbor and the gap in the dike to a depth of not exceeding 8 feet; the construction of closing dikes and mattress sills across subsidiary sloughs of the main river; and for dredging a channel 75 feet wide and 8 feet deep at mean lower low water in Old River Channel to the head of Steamboat Slough. The length of improvement under this project is 5.5 miles. The extreme tidal range is 18 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 11.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1930, it $368,400, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1930) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance of the east waterway and the channel to the gap is $5,500. No estimate has been made for maintaining the Old River Channel, nor for maintenance of dikes. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1108, 60th Cong., 2d sess.), and modified, by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. No. 377 71st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in House Document No. 649, Sixty-third Congress, second session and House Document No. 377 Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-The dredging of certain shoals which interfere with the movement of navigation in Puget Sound and its tributary waters is recommended in House Document No. 307, Seventieth Congress, first session. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Local interests con- template dredging certain areas which are to be maintained by the United States after completion. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1943 Terminal facilities.-On the deep-water harbor there are 9 pri- vately owned wharves, 3 of which are for general cargo and open to public use; 2 are lumber wharves, 2 are fish wharves, 1 an oil wharf, and 1 an industrial wharf. There is also a float owned and operated by the port commission for landing small boats. On Sno- homish River there are 8 lumber wharves. These facilities are con- sidered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities existing in 1922 see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The construction of the dike and bulk- head has provided a partially sheltered area for the towing and storage of logs and the lightering of lumber to vessels in the harbor. No material increase in available depths has been secured. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Survey was made in February and March, 1930, to ascertain condition of channels in the harbor and lower river, and soundings were taken from the mouth to Lowell. The total costs were $2,079.41, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $2,067.47. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 53 per cent completed. Dike work was commenced in September, 1911, and terminated in September, 1912. Dredging of the 8-foot channel in Old River, from Everett Harbor to the head of Steamboat slough, was commenced in February, 1912, and completed in May, 1914, by the removal of 875,400 cubic yards of material, of which 96,771 cubic yards was overdepth. The controlling depth in the Old River Channel is 2 feet at mean lower low water. The depth through the opening in the dike is about 1 foot at mean lower low water. The east waterway has not yet been dredged by local interests, and its controlling depth is 6 feet. The new work remaining to be done is raising 6,000 feet of the existing dike in Everett Harbor to an elevation of 14 feet above mean lower low water, and extending the existing spur dike on the south side of the gap eastwardly to the pierhead line as authorized by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1930. The costs of the existing project have been $226,363.67 for new work and $46,127.41 for maintenance, a total of $272,491.08. The total expenditures have been $272,479.14. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended balance July 1, 1930, as follows: Outstanding liabilities______________-------------- $11. 94 Enlarging gap in dike at Preston Point by U. S. snag boat W. T. Preston, about one-half month at cost of $2,500 per month-- 1, 500. 00 Surveys and inspections-------------------- ----------------------- 553. 99 Total--------------------------- ---- 2, 065. 93 It is expected that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The amount that can be profitably expended ($2,500) during the fiscal year 1932 will be applied to supervision and making the neces- sary surveys for continued studies of the effect of the diversion of the river through the opening in the dike. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project. 1944 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Comm~ercial statistics.-The commerce of Everett Harbor in 1929 consisted of 1,122,290 tons of floated logs, 993,422 tons lumber prod- ucts, 167,407 tons of barged logs, piles and bolts, 86,117 tons of sand and gravel, 38,938 tons mineral oils, 18,142 tons paper, and 65,913 tons miscellaneous. No data on actual drafts of vessels are available. The 1929 commerce was carried by vessels having stand- ard full-load drafts as follows: 26 feet and over, 209; 18 to 26 feet, 414; under 18 feet, 6,691. Comparative statement Vessel traffic Floated timbers Year Tons Value Tons Value 1925.......... _.._ , ..... ... ........ 886, 184 $23, 031,308 978, 584 $5,432, 925 1926----. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812,346 22, 706, 449 949, 067 5,343,858 1927----. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. 1,057, 824 16, 484, 360 1,033, 621 5,923, 546 1928-.--.............................. 1, 187, 809 19, 248, 954 1, 433, 135 8, 465, 625 1929----............................ 1, 369, 939 21, 837, 711 1,122, 990 6,176, 445 These figures exclude general ferry; in 1929, 9,963 automobiles and 30,356 passengers. The internal traffic on the Snohomish River in 1929 consisted of 1,479,644 tons of floated logs, 507,923 tons of lumber and lath, 4,040 tons lime rock, and 2,371 tons fuel oil, and required drafts of 31/2 to 10 feet. Comparative statement, internal traffic, Snohomish River Vessel traffic Floated timbers Year Tons Value Tons Value 1925------------------------------------ 484, 467 $7, 128, 020 1, 868, 626 $10, 277, 443 1926--------------------------------............................ 374, 783 5, 487, 592 1, 608, 390 8, 846, 145 1927--......-..........-...................-...... 532,750 7, 388, 313 1, 442, 742 7,934, 263 1928--- ---------..----------------------......... 531, 502 5, 861, 682 1, 711, 247 10, 267, 682 1929---------------- ------------------------- 514, 334 5, 092, 749 1,479, 644 8, 128, 042 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 $638, 072. 81 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_____ --- _________________ 51, 996. 04 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930-- 690, 068. 85 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 _______ --- __ 11. 94 Net total expenditures-_ _- _ __ 690, 056. 91 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930______________________________ 2, 065. 93 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930___ 692, 122. 84 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 - 1929 1930 Cost of new work ........................ Cost of maintenance------------------- $209.93 $30.01 $1, 540. 45 $432.69 $2, 079.41 I I I I Total expended... ........-............-- 209.93 30.01 3, 103.42 -5,005. 54 2, 067. 47 Allotted........_.__.._------- - -------- ---... _--..._ -. .. --. . -. -......- -5,454.93 -- -- -- -- RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1945 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__ -- $4, 133. 40 Gross amount expended-------------------------- _ -- 2, 067.47 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------- 2, 065. 93 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930---- ---------------------- 11. 94 Balance available June 30, 1930--------------------__ 2, 053 99 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1_____ ____________ 142, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30. 1932. for maintenance________________________ _______ 2, 500. 00 15. SKAGIT RIVER, WASH. Location and description.-The Skagit River rises in the Cascade Mountains in British Columbia, flows in a southwesterly direction, and empties into Puget Sound 50 miles north of Seattle. It is about 150 miles long, of which 130 miles is in the United States, and its width between banks is about 350 feet. Its drainage area is approxi- mately 3,150 square miles. At Sedro Woolley, 25 miles above the mouth, the extreme low-water discharge is about 2,830 second-feet and the mean yearly discharge about 16,400 second-feet. The dis- charge in ordinary large floods is probably over 200,000 second-feet and in extreme floods approximately 400,000 second-feet. The tidal range extends about 17 miles above the mouth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6300.) Original condition.-In its original condition extensive shoals at the mouths of both forks prevented access from Skagit Bay to the river channels except on tides. Inside the mouths ample depths were generally available to the forks, the least depth in South Fork being at Skagit City bar about 6 miles from the mouth. When first ex- amined in 1875 the river was much obstructed by snags, and at and above the forks navigation was completely blocked by two large timber jams or rafts. After the removal of these rafts by the early settlers the river was navigable for boats of about 3-foot draft at most stages to Avon, 14 miles above the mouth, and during ordinary high water to the Sauk River, 69 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The removal of snags and other obstructions in the river was undertaken in 1880 under an appropriation of $2.500 made by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. Since 1882 this work has been continued by the snag boat maintained and operated under the general appropriation for the improvement of Puget Sound and tributary waters, and this amount is included in the re- ports of appropriations and expenditures under that heading. Existing project. This provides for obtaining a reliable channel of entrance through the delta by the construction of a dike at the mouth of the South Fork, regulating dikes and mattress sill near the head of North Fork, and closing subsidiary channels at the delta; and for increasing the available depth at Skagit City bar by combined dredging operations and training walls. The length of the section included in the project is 91/2 miles. The extreme tidal range at the mouth of the river is 20.5 feet; the range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 11.4 feet. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1946 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 The estimate cost for new work, revised in 1925, is $217,000, in- cluding $45,000 for Skagit City bar and $172,000 for the improve- ments at the mouth of the river, exclusive of amount expended under previous project. The latest (1908) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the channel at the mouth (H. Doc. No. 1188, 60th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the improvement of the bar (H. Doc. No. 935, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latter document contains the latest map of the locality. Recommended modifications of project.-The dredging of certain shoals which interfere with the movement of navigation is recom- mended in House Document No. 307, Seventieth Congress, first ses- sion, and House Document No. 311, Seventieth Congress, first session.. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved March 2, 1.919, adopting the project for improvement of Skagit City bar, pro- vided: That before work on this project is commenced the report shall be referred to the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors for review as to whether the project should be modified to meet existing conditions or whether condi- tions of local cooperation should be imposed. The review of this report is published in House Document No. 591, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session, in which the estimate for Skagit City bar is increased fwom $30,000 to $45,000, and in which it is recommended that no work be done until local interests assume responsibility for the payment of all damages claimed or alleged to result from any work that may be done under this project. Terminal facilities.-There are two wharves at Mount Vernon. They are open to general public use and are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The desired results have not been secured and boats going to Mount Vernon now use the North Fork. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Repairs were made to jetty at mouth of South Fork in July and August, 1929, by placing 184 cords of brush, 11 snags and 50 tons of rock, by Government plant and hired labor, at a cost of $753.14, all for maintenance. The total expenditure was the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The mattress sill and closing dikes in the river had been constructed and the training dike, 10,450 feet long, completed. Due to the increased cost, the training dike is 5,550 feet less than the project length. The work, which was done by contract, was commenced in November, 1910, and completed in August, 1911. Since completion minor repairs have been made to dikes as necessary and they are generally in good condition. Fur- ther extension of the training dike is not now contemplated. The controlling depth over the bar is 11/2 feet at mean lower low water. The total costs of the existing project to' the end of the fiscal year have been $99,829.80 for new work and $29,257.81 for maintenance, a total of $129,087.61. The total expenditures have been the same. Proposed operations.-Pendingcompliance by local interests with the terms of cooperation for work on Skagit City bar, no operations RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1947 are proposed other than supervision, surveys, and inspections. The funds available July 1, 1930 ($262.39), will be expended'for this purpose. It is expected that the funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. The funds that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932 ($2,500), will be applied to maintenance, dredging, and repairs to regulating dikes and mattress sills. Work will be done as neces- sary to maintain the channel using the U. S. snag boat W. T.Preston at a cost of about $2,500 per month. Commercial statistics.-The commerce in 1929 consisted of 287,344 tons floated timber, 13,012 tons sand and gravel, 12,841 tons canned milk, 2,874 tons farm products, 1,216 tons canned fruits and vege- tables, 12,967 tons miscellaneous merchandise, and was carried on drafts of 3 to 7 feet. Comparative statement Vessel traffic Floated timber Calendar year Tons Value Tons Value 1925...----------------------------------- ---------- 78, 952 $6,668,553 265,127 $1, 458, 148 1926-------------------------------------------------- 77,790 5,666,661 250,485 1,377,666 1927---... .....--------------------------------------- 62, 064 4,372, 786 260, 316 1, 432, 187 1928 1928--- --...--------------------------------------- 75,373 75,373 4,604,148 4,604,148 355,730 355,730 2,129, 2,129,430 430 1929.........------------------------------------------ 42,910 5,034,757 287,344 1,436, 720 Cost and finanial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_---------_______-------_ _ __ $99, 829. 80 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_-_-2__- -____----_ 29, 257. 81 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930______ 129, 087. 61 Net total expenditures_______________________________ 129,087.61 Unexpected balance June 30, 1930------------------------------- 262.39 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930---------------- 129, 350. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---- ------------ ---------- -------------------------- Cost of maintenance .. .....----------------- $4, 715.09 $358. 89 $619 35 $1, 157. 56 $753. 14 Total expended.......------------------------ 4, 715. 09 =l: ", 358.89 ,57',6a689 - ,. 619. 35 r (L3 r - 1,157. '' - " 56 753.14 753 Allotted .....................----------------------------- 2,000.00 2350.00 3,00000----------- -3,00000 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929__-------------------------- $4, 015. 53 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment----------------- 3, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for---------------------------- 1, 015. 53 Gross amount expended ------------------------------------- 753. 14 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------- ______ 262.39 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion or - -- - - - - - - - - - --- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - existing project 1 -- 117, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June --- - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---- -- - - 30, 1932, for maintenance' -- 2, 500. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1948 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 16. SWINOMISH SLOUGH, WASH. Location and description.-Swinomish slough is an inland pas- sage, 11 miles long, between Saratoga Passage and Padilla Bay, in the northwestern part of the State of Washington, about 60 miles north of Seattle. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6300.) Original condition.-The slough was crooked and obstructed by shoals in the wider parts and at each end, which limited the avail- able depth in the slough proper to 2 feet at mean lower low water. In Padilla Bay, at the northern end of the slough, the flats were bare at low tide. Previous projects.--None. EXxisting project.-This piovides for a channel 100 feet wide on the bottom and 4 feet deep at mean lower low water from deep water in Saratoga Passage to deep water in Padilla Bay, a distance of 11 miles, by dredging and dike construction where necessary. The ex- treme tidal range is 19 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 11.1 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1925, is $233,000. The latest (1910) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance of the completed portion is $2,500. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892 (H. Doc. No. 31, 52d Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1892, p. 2752). For latest published map see House Document No. 860, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is one wharf at La Conner. It is open to general public use and is considered adequate for existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-This improvement has made available a sheltered passage for light-draft boats, which has been of material benefit in handling log tows and in the shipment of farm products from the vicinity of La Conner. Operations and results dwuing fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions during the year, and no money was expended. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work was commenced under con- tract in 1893. To control the currents in the south end of the slough, 7,100 linear feet of pile and stone dike was constructed on the north side of the channel from " Hole in the Wall" to opposite the west end of Goat Island; 3,650 feet on the south side of the channel from the west end of Goat Island to deep water in Saratoga Passage; 3,500 feet from McGlinns Island to the mainland in the direction of La Conner; and 1,500 linear feet opposite La Conner. A single-pile protection dike 4,200 feet long was constructed between Goat and Ika Islands. The work was completed as far as funds would per- mit, and channel of project dimensions obtained as far as La Conner in 1897. With appropriations made later, dredging was done by contract and hired plant, the dikes were repaired and in some in- stances reconstructed by hired labor, and a channel of project dimen- sions obtained as far north as the Great Northern bridge over Padilla Bay, a distance of 9 miles. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1949 Shoaling has occurred and the controlling depth in the improved channel is 3.5 feet at mean lower low water from Saratoga Passage to Fort Whitman, and one-half foot from that point to the Great Northern bridge. No work has been done in Padilla Bay, and over the flats there is a narrow, crooked channel with a depth of minus 3 feet at mean lower low water. The total costs of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year have been $183,029.51 for new work and $37,279.07 for maintenance, a combined total of $220,308.58. The total expenditures have been the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no operations are proposed prior to the fiscal year 1933. Commercial statistics.-The commerce in 1929 consisted of 7,950 tons floated logs, 5,090 tons oats, 4,900 tons hay and straw, 1,402 tons fresh fish, 1,375 tons lumber and shingles, and 219 tons seed, and was carried on drafts of about 31/2 to 7 feet. Comparative statement Vessel traffic Floated timbers Calendar year Tons Value Tons Value 1925-....-- --------------------------------------- 33, 848 $618, 841 7, 239 $39, 814 1926--------------------------- ----------------- 23, 330 704, 505 1,850 10, 175 .... 1927---- - ....-----....-------------------- - - - --------- 25, 945 1, 182, 767 25, 575 140, 662 1928--------...............---------------------- -------- 16, 045 759, 750 12, 678 75, 801 1929 ------------------------- --------------------- 12, 986 645, 200 7, 950 43, 725 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------------- $183, 029. 51 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930-------------- ------------ 37, 279. 07 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 220, 308. 58 Net total expenditures---------------------------------------- 220, 308. 58 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----_ ------------ 220, 308. 58 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work..............-------------------------------------....................--......--.........----------------------- Cost of maintenance-----........------------------------------------------------------ --- Total expended... ....-----------...... ----------------------...------------------------------ Allotted----- ----------------------------------- -$5,000.00 -$4,293.78 . Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------------------------------------------- $50, 000 17. ANACORTES HARBOR, WASH. * Location and de ription.-Anacortes Harbor is on the northern point of Fidalgo Island in Puget Sound,' 17 miles south of Bell- ingham, Wash., and 64 miles north of Seattle. The main harbor is on Guemes Channel on the north. Cap Sante Waterway was a pro- jected channel, defined by State harbor lines, in the shallow waters of Fidalgo Bay, to the east of the city. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6377.) 1950 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Original condition.-The main harbor in Guemes Channel had ample depths but was exposed to strong tidal currents. Cap Sante Waterway was well sheltered but shallow, the depths ranging from 1 to 9 feet at mean lower low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel in Cap Sante Waterway, 12 feet deep at mean lower low water and 150 to 250 feet wide, between the east side of Q Avenue and deep water in Fidalgo Bay, a distance of 2,850 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 8.2 feet. The esti- mate of cost for new work, revised in 1927, is $72,000 for that por- tion between the east side of R Avenue and deep water in Fidalgo Bay, a distance of 2,460 feet, of which amount local interests were required to contribute $24,000. No expense for maintenance is an- ticipated, as it is expected that the channel will be fairly permanent. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919. (H. Doc. No. 1117, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) This document contains the latest map of the locality. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Under the provisions of the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, local interests were required to provide suit- able dumping grounds and necessary bulkheads for the dredged ma- terial, to contribute one-third the estimated cost of the improvement, and to furnish evidence satisfactory to the Secretary of War that they will provide a suitable terminal on Cap Sante Waterway open to the public on equal and reasonable terms. These conditions were complied with to the satisfaction of the Secretary of War on July 23, 1929. Terminal facilities.-The Port of Anacortes has constructed on Cap Sante Waterway a terminal for use of Puget Sound traffic and deep-sea fishing fleets. The terminals on Guemes Channel are privately owned but are open to all water carriers, subject to wharfage charges. The ter- minals have railroad connections. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce on the main harbor. (For a full description of terminal facilities see IH.Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effelct of improvement.-The improvement of Cap Sante Water- way has provided a sheltered harbor for Puget Sound traffic and deep-sea fishing fleets. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Cap Sante Waterway was completed to project dimensions between the east side of R Ave- nue and deep water in Fidalgo Bay, by dredging 168,816 cubic yards under contract, at a cost of $46,376.90 from Federal funds and $23,188.45 from contributed funds, a total of $69,565.35, including inspections and overhead, all for new work. The total expenditures were $48,000 from Federal funds and $21,266.24 from contributed funds, a total of $69,266.24. Condition at end of fiscal yeatr.-The project was completed in 1930, except that portion west of R Avenue which was omitted at the request of local interests. The project depth is availabe in the dredged channel. The total costs of the existing project to the end RIVERS AIND HARBORS SEATTLE, WASH., 1ISTRIOt 1951 of the fiscal year have been $46,376.90 from Federal funds and $23,188.45 from contributed funds, a total of $69,565.34 all for new work. The total expenditures have been $48,000 from Federal funds and $21,266.24 from contributed funds, a total of $69,266.24. Proposed operations.-Itis proposed to aply the balance of Fed- eral funds unobligated July 1, 1930 ($1,623.10), for such supervi- sion, surveys, and inspections as may be necessary. It is expected that these funds will be sufficient for all necessary work until June 30, 1932, and no additional funds can therefore be profitably ex- pended. The unexpended balance of contributed funds ($811.55) will be returned to the port of Anacortes. Commercial stt stics.-The commerce reported to date was all on Guemes Channel, as Cap Sante Waterway was not dredged until 1930. The commerce in 1929 consisted of 533,460 tons floated logs, 150,577 tons lumber products, 11,080 tons mineral oils, 11,500 tons canned fish, 7,125 tons sand and gravel, 5,929 tons fresh and cured fish, and 1033 tons miscellaneous, and was carried on drafts of 4 to 29 feet. Comparative statement Vessel traffic Floated timber Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value 1925 ---------------------------- 145, 797 $10, 543, 79 18, 000 7 , 425 $3, 772, 645 1926 _-------------------------------- 162, 558 10, 077,342 13, 000 900, 0 4, 95316 1927-.. ...----------------------------- 373, 525 7, 135, 090 9,100 1, 136, 752 6, 252, 136 1928.--------------1-----------------188, 110 5, 084, 141 15,800 735, 8, 678,044 1929196,744 7,396,254 59,093 ,5334 2,933,655 Cost and finanCial summary UNITED STATES FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------__----- $48, 376. 90 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930---------- Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 4-------- -__46, 376. 90 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930--------------------- 1, 623. 10 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930----------------------- 48, 000. 00 Net total expenditures------------------------------------------ 48, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ___---------.- _______ 48, 000.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 199 19~0 COst Ofh ter Work..---------------------- ------ Cost of intenance.........................-------- ------------------ ------ -- ------ $46,376.90 --------------------- Total expended.......--------------------------..................... ------------------------------------- 48, 000.00 Allotted.------------------- 48,000.00 -----------------............--...... Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Feb. 28, 1929----- -------------------- $48, 000. 00 Gross amount expended------ ------------------------- 4,00 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930---------------------------- 1, 623. 10 tTnobligated balance available June 30, 1980-----------------1, 623. 10 11714--ENG 1930-----123 92 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY, 1930 CONTBIBUTEI) FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 -------------.-------------- $23, 188.45 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930__......---- ------- . ----...... Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930__-. ------ - 23, 188. 45 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--- ....----...------------------- 1, 922.21 Net total expenditures--- ----- --- --- -- __------- 21, 266.24 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------_ ----------------- 2, 733. 76 Total amount contributed to June 30, 1930 --------------- 24, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 new work---------- Cost of maintenance.................... .................................... ------------------------ ----------------- $23,188. .46 Cost of maintenance. Total expended .....-------------- -------------------- ----------- 21, 266.24 Contributed .. . . . . . . . .. I-.. ..-.-..... .$24000,00 0 . .. Balance unexpended July 1, 1929- --- $24, 000. 00 Gross amount expended------------------------------------ 21, 266. 24 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-__-------- ----- 2, 733. 76 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_------------------------- 1, 922.21 Balance available June 30, 1930____________-__----------- 811. 55 CONSOL DATISD COST AND FINAI CIAL SUMMARY FOR ANACORTES HARBOR, WASH. (bst of new work to June 30, 1930 $--------------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930. Total cost of permanent work. to June 30, 1930__.-_____ 69, 565. 35 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 299.11 Net total expenditures --------------------------- 69, 266. 24 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------ 2, 733. 76 Total amount appropriated and contributed to June 30, 1930__ 72, 000.00 °Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 198 1929 ' 1930 Opt of new work----------.---. .-------------------- ------- ----- $, 565.5 .------ Cost of maintenance.------------------ ------ --------------------------------- Total expended--... -- ----------- ----------- ----------- ------------ ,----------- 6,266.24 Allotted and contributed------------------ -------------------- I--------..-- $24,000.00 48,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 -------------------------- $24, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929---_ ------------------------ --------- 48,000.0 Amount to be accounted for---------------------------- 72 000. 00 Gross amount expended------ 266. 24 6-------------------------- Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-- 2, 733.,'6 Outstandiig liabilities June 30, 1930---------------.----------- 1,922,,. ' Balance available June 30, 1930---------------------------81 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930------------- ------------- 1, 623. 1 . Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930________.__-- . 2,434. 65 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WAS R., DISTRICT 1953 18. BELLINGHAM HARBOR, WASH. Location and description.-Bellingham Harbor is a part of Bel- lingham Bay, an arm of Puget Sound, about 18 miles south of the international boundary and about 100 miles north of Seattle. The bay is about 4 miles wide and 6 miles long. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 6378.) Original condition.-The harbor had an average depth of 7 fath- oms, but entrance to the city of Bellingham was obstructed by tide flats extending from the meander line to low water, a distance of about 2,400 feet. Previow projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The cost and expenditures on this project prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910 were $56,581.93 for new work and $1,092.05 for maintenance, a total of $57,673.98. For further details of previous projects see page 2006 of Annual Report for 1915. Ecisting project.-This provides for (a) dredging a channel known as the Whatcom Creek waterway from deep water to the head of the harbor, 363.2 feet wide, 26 feet deep at mean lower low water for the outer 3,800 feet and 18 feet deep for the inner 1,300 feet; and (b) for an entrance channel in Squalicum Creek waterway 200 feet wide,, 26 feet deep, from deep water in the bay to the main pierhead line. The extreme tidal range is 16.5 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 8.5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1913, is $81,782 for Whatcom Creek waterway and $25,000 (made in 1927) for Squalicum Creek water- way, exclusive of. amount expended under previous project. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000 for Whatcom Creek waterway and $500 after the first two years for Squalicum Creek waterway. The project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for Whatcom Creek waterway (H. Doc. No. 1161, 60th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of July 3, 1930, provided for Squalicum Creek waterway (HI Doc..No. 187, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map of Whatcom Creek watetway is in the former document, and of S-qualicum Creek water- way in. the latter. Recommended modiflcation of project.-None. Local cooperatio.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, adopting the project for Whatoom Creek waterway, required that local interests provide all necessary bulkheads and groins and pay for all necessary filling in connection with the improvement. These conditions were complied with to the satisfaction of the Secretary of War and approved byhmb on November 22, 1911. The river and harbor act of July 3, 1930, adopting the project for Svqualicum Creek waterway, required local interests to give assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers that they will dredge and maintain the inner channels designated as areas B and C in the project document and construct a suitable public ter- minal. These conditions have not been met, but it is thought that they will be complied with by June 30, 1931. In addition to the work required by the acts adopting the project, the city of Bellingham has deepened a basin in the central portion 1954 REPORT OF CTEF OF IENINEERIS,-RT. S. ARMIY; 1930 of the waterway 1,000 feet long, 330 feet wide, and 35 feet deep at mean lower low water, at a cost of $2,8,800. Terminal facilities.-There are 10 wharves on Whatcom Creek waterway, of which two are publicly owned and open to general public use. There is one publicly owned wharf on Squalicum Creek waterway. The other wharves on the harbor are owned by private manufacturers. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities existing in 1922 see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 7, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of inmprovement.-The improvement of Whatcom Creek waterway has obviated the expense of maintaining long wharves over the tide flats and has reduced the cost of handling freight. No work has been done on Squalicum Creek waterway. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions during the year and no money was expended. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 70 per cent comnpleted. The dredging of Whatconi Creek waterway was completed in 1913. Shoaling in the inner portion was removed in 1918, 1920, and 1924. The controlling depths at mean lower low water on June 30, 1930, were 26 feet in the outer 2,900 feet with full width except for very slight shoaling on the sides in three places; 23.8 feet over a width of 200 feet for the next 700 feet; and 17 feet over a width of 200 feet in the inner 1,500 feet. The con- trolling depth in Squalicum Creek waterway is 13 feet over a width of 200 feet. The work remaining to be done is dredging the entrance channel in Squalicum Creek waterway authorized by the 1930 river and harbor act. The total costs of the existing project have been $81,782.14 for new work and $19,066.04 for maintenance, a combined total of $100,848.18. The total expenditures have been the same. Proposed operation.--It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1930, for maintenance dredging in Whatcom Creek waterway as follows Dredging by contract-.. ------------------------------------ $11, V00 Surveys and inspections---------------------------------------1, 000 Total--- --------------------------------- ---------- 12,000 This amount exceeds the average expenditure for maintenance dredging during the last five years as no maintenance work has been done since 1924. It is expected that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1932. The relative desirability of the improvement in the interests of commerce and navigation entails the postponement of new work on the project,. and no maintenance work is anticipated during 1932. Coimmercial statistics.-The commerce in 1929 consisted of 1,646,- 037 tons of floated logs and piles; 9,376 tons logs and piles on ship- board; 253,663 tons lumber products; 51,297 tons mineral oils; 40,812 tons canned, fish; 42,000 tons sand and gravel; 23,232 tons pulp; 15,154 tons sulphur; 13,063 tons cement; 10,562 tons canned fruits and vegetables; and 88,977 tons miscellaneous. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT 1955 No data on actual drafts are available. The total number of arrivals and departures of vessels was 6,946, of.which 170 had full- load draft of 26 to 31 feet. Comparative statement Vessel traffic 1 Floated timbers Car ferry Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1925, ---- - - --- 624, 635 $36, 595, 670 (2) 873,736 $4, 737,815 218, 092 $8,941,772 1926 ----------- ---- 647, 463 36, 344, 195 (2) 1,314, 015 7,192, 875 200, 900 8,236,900 1927 -----.......--------- 606, 181 26, 494, 144 107, 232 1,064, 489 5, 854, 689 121,640 2, 432, 800 1928_ ________------------ 875, 810 27, 608, 222 79, 853 1,452,132 8, 688, 957 209,000 8, 360, 000 1929_--.--- _----. 548, 136 25, 819, 226 24, 048 1,646, 037 8, 113, 606 148, 750 5, 950, 000 1 Excludes car-ferry and general ferry traffic, the latter amounting to 5,830 automobiles and 15,323 pas- sengers in 1929. 2 Not reported. Cost and flnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------- $138, 364. 07 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930--------- ---------------- 20, 158. 09 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930_ -__--_-__ 158, 522.16 Net total expenditures__------------ ----------------------- 158, 522.16 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930__ _______---------- --- 12, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 170, 522.16 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.....-------------------------. ------ Cost of maintenance-..................--------....----------..... $125.83 $120.11 $38. 42 ...................----- Total expended..---- --------- ----------- 125.83 120. 11 201. 49 -$6, 772.28 ............ Allotted.------------------ --------------- -------------- 16, 955. 56 -6, 772. 28 $12, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930------------------------------------ $12, 000 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------------- 12, 000 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of 1- - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- -- ---- ------ -- existing project 25, 000 19. EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES (GENERAL) Operations under this heading comprise the making of preliminary examinations and surveys for navigation, called for by river and harbor acts and by resolutions of the committees of Congress (not including those investigations provided for in H. Doc. No. 308, 69th Cong., 1st sess., or by sec. 10 of the flood control act of May 15, 1928) ; collection of commercial statistics; miscellaneous surveys, inspec- tions, and estimates; permit and bridge inspections; harbor-line studies; fish-net inspections; administration charges incurred in con- nection with inactive river and harbor projects; and minor routine navigation investigations. The cost of work during the year Exclusive of available funds. amounted to $19,325.43; the'expenditures were $19,920.54. The bal- ance unexpended June 30, 1930, will be applied as needed during the fiscal year 1931 to payment of expenses incurred in connection with the above items. The additional sum of $18,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal yeaif ending June 30, 1932. Cost and fnanoial summary Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930 '------------------------$30, 328.81 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930__---------- -- 84. 49 Net total cost to June 30, 1930-------------------------30, 413.30 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930---------------------------1, 013.46 Net total expenditures __--_---_---- _- 29, 399. 84 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930__ ._._-- _ ----- 11, 850. 16 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930--------------- 41, 250. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work --------------------- ---------------------------- $11,003.38 $19,325. 43 Cost of maintenanc...........-------------------------...........----------------------------- .------- Total expended__----.. --------------.---. _-_-------------- 10,179.30 19, 220. 54 Allotted.... ----------------------- ------------------------ $5,000.00 20, 000.00 16, 250.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929------ __-----, $14, 820. 70 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------------- $11,250. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928 __._______ -__________5, 000. 00 16, 250. 00 Amount to be accounted for_ 31, 070. 70 Gross amount expended----- ------------------------------- 19, 220. 54 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_ - ________________--11, 850. 16 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_ 1,086. 41 Balance available June 30, 1930____-- ____________________ 10, 763. 75 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, for maintenance ------------- 18, 000. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN @OMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED MARCH 4, 1913, JULY 27, 1916, SEPTEMBEI 22, 1922, AND MAMtCH 3, 1925 Reports on preliminary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor acts approved March 4, 1913, July 27, 1916, Septem- ber 22, 1922, and March 3, 1925, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in documents as indicated: 1. Preliminary examnrnation and' survey of Quillayute Rive,, Wash.-Reports dated October 30, 1925, and January 14, 1929, with map, are printed in House Document No. 125, Seventy-first Congress, 1Costs reported for 1929 have been reduced by $999.66 and lite of plant increased by like amount, account depreciation of launch Orcas charged to this account in error. *Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND -HARBORS--SEATTLE WASH., DISTRICT 1987 first session. A plan of improvement is presented \which provides for the construction of a jetty on the easterly side of the mouth and a closing dike with groins on the westerly side, at:an:estimated cost of $112,000, with $4,000 annually for maintenance during, the first two years and $1,000 annually thereafter, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. 2. Preliminary examination and survey of Duwamish Waterway, Seattle Harbor, Wash,-Reports dated December 21, 1928, and May 16, 1929, with map, are printed in House Document No. 126, Seventy- first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modifi- cation of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 15 feet deep and 150 feet wide for a distance of about 1.4 miles above the Fourteenth Avenue South Bridge, together with a turning basin and a settling basin, at a total estimated cost of $210,000, subject to cer- tain conditions of local cooperation. 3. Preliminary examination and survey of Everett Harbor, Wash. and Snohomish River, Wash.--Reports dated February 28, 1923, and March 31, 1930, with map, are printed in House Document No. 377, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for widening the existing gap as may prove advisable; for raising a portion of tle dike to an elevation of 14 feet above mean lower low water; for extending the spur dike on the south side of the gap eastwardly to the pierhead line; for maintaining to a depth of 30 feet, at mean lower low water, the channel to the east of the proposed municipal dike and fill; and for maintaining a channel approximately 100 feet wide between deep water in Everett Harbor and the gap in the dike to a depth not exceeding 8 feet, at a total estimated cost of $142,000, with $5,500 annually for maintenance. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the acts approved May 31, 1924, and February 12, 1929, and the river and harbor act approved July 3, 1930, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received : 1. Puyalup River, Wash., with a view to the control of floods. 2. IKootenai River, Idaho, with a view to the control of the floods. 3. Intracoastal waterway from the mouth of the Columbia River to Puget Sound by w'ay of Shoal Water Bay, and Grays Harbor, Wash. . . Bellingham Harbor, Wash., including the Nooksack River, with a view to determining the effect of the silt carried by this stream on slioaling in Bellingham Harbor; also with a view to the construction of a breakwater. 5. Port Ludlow tarbor, Wash., and vicinity. 6. Neak Bay, Wash., with a view to the construction of a harbor of refuge. 7. Lcake Washington canal and waterway from the locks to and into Lake Washington, Wash., with a view to widening and deepening the channel. 8. Channel from Puget Sound into Lake Crockett, Wash. ,i Anacort Harbor and Cap $ante Waterway, Wash. 10. Port Gamble Harbor and vicinity, Wash. 11. Shilshole Breakwxater, Shilshole Bay, Seattle, Wash. 12. East Waterway, Seattle Harbor, Wash. 1988 assolW rQ, earse pr; amemaans aN3eE.Ea8 .$O Wa8., inaddig tke we oral waterways at the 13. Tcan Hrboy Wr head of Co m i e baGy.F t ;hnce 14. (kay8 fHarb o7, Wash( Prelimin;ary examinations of the following;localities witha viw to the control of the floods have, been provided for by the act of February 26, 1925, but no specific appropriation has yet been made available to be applied to these investigations: . Skykomish River, Snohomish County, Wash. . Snobqalmie River, Snohomish County; Wash. 3. Snohomish River, Snohomish County, Wask. 4. Stilaguamish River, Snohomish Couaty, Wash. 5. Nooksack River, Whateom County, Wash. REPORTS 14D INI COMPLIANCE WITI RESOLUTIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND I AR1 ORS, IOJSE OF REPRESENTA- TIVES IBy resolution dated April 10, 1928, a review of reports on OlyQ pia 1_arbor, Wash., piinted in House Document No.'244, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee July 20, 1929 and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 5, Seventy-first Con- gress, first session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as 'to provide for a channei 6 feet deep and 200 feet wide between the beind and a point 6,000 feet from Fourth Street, and channel 26 feet deep and 250 feet wide between the bend and deep water in Budd Inlet, at an estimated cost of $5,000, with $2,500 anqally for maintenance, $500 in excess of present requirements. By resolution dated January 30, 1929, a review of reports on PuJallupp and other w~tewas,yTacoma Harbor, Wash. (Hylebos witerway), printed in House' Document No. 520, ifty-eighth Con- gress, second session, was: requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee March 7, 1930, and printed in River aned Harbor Committee Document No. 25, .eventy-first Congress, second session. Recommendation is 'made for modification qftlhe existing project so as to provide for a chiannel 30 feet deep and 200 feet wide from Commnenc ment Bay to Lincoln Avenuie, and 26 feet deep a~d 150 feetwide from Lincoln' Avenue to he head of the waterway, at an estimated cost of $136,000, with $12,000 annually for maintenance the first two years and nominal expenditure after that time, subject to certain condjtions of local cooperation. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE JUNEAU, ALASKA, DISTRICT This district includes the Territory of Alaska. District engineer: Maj. Malcom Elliott Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. G. R. Lukesh , orps of Engineers, IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Nome Harbo~, Alaska_ 1959 6. Port Alexander, Alaska- 1968 2. Wrangell Harbor, Alaska.. 1963 7i Harbor of 'Riefuge, Seward, 3. Wrangell Narrows, Alaska_- 1964 Ala-ska ------- 1969 4. Tolovana River, Alaska- 1966 8. Examinations, surveys, and 5. Ketchikan Harbor, Alaska--, 1967 contingencies (generail).. 1970 RIVERS AND HARBORS-JUNEAU, ALASKA, DISTRICT 1959 1. NOME HARBOR, ALASKA Location and description.-Nome Harbor is in the portion of Norton Sound in front of the city of Nome, Alaska, at the mouth of the Snake River. It is a shallow, open roadstead about 115 miles north of the Apoon nouth of the Yukon River and 125 miles north- west of St. Michael Harbor. The Snake River is a small stream, about 20 miles long which rises in the plateau north of Nome and empties into Nome Harbor. It has a drainage area of approximately 110 square miles and a discharge of 25 to 650 second-feet. The width between banks is about 125 feet. The length of tidal reach is one- half mile. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 9380.) Original condition.-The harbor was a shallow, open roadstead. The river mouth was obstructed by a sand bar with a depth of about 1 /2 feet, except in the river channel, which was about 30 feet wide and 2 to 3 feet deep. Outside the bar the depth increased gradually from 6 to 14 feet at 1,400 feet from shore. Inside the bar the depth was about 6 feet. The available depth inthe Snake River was 5 to 6 feet. (All references are at mean lower low water.) The head of navigation in the Snake River was about one-half mile above its mouth. Previous projects.-None. E~sting project.-This provides for two parallel timber and con- crete jetties, each 400 feet long, at the mouth of the Snake River, and a channel 8 feet deep at mean lower low water from Norton Sound, through Snake River, to the mouth of Bourbon and Dry Creeks, in the city of Nome, ending in a basin of similar depth 200 feet wide and 250 feet long and revetting the banks of the river. The length of the section included in the project is 1,500 feet. The extreme tidal range is 2.8 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 1.4 feet. The water levels are more de- pendent on wind than tide, an off-shore wind sometimes causing a level of from 2 to 3 feet below mean lower low water for days at a time and a level of 14 feet above mean lower low water having been noted as a result of storms. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1921, was $273,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $25,000, of which $2,500 is to be contributed by the city of Nome. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917. (H. Doc. No. 1932, 64th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is in the above-mentioned document. Recomoeded modifications of project.-Under date of May 19, 1930, the Chief of Engineers recommended modification of the exist- ing project so as to provide for dredging the entrance channel and turning basin to a depth of 8 feet; for extending the east jetty ap- proxhinately 616 feet; and for such extension of the west jetty, not more than 216 feet, as may be found to be necessary, at an estimated cost of $253,000, with $20,000 annually for maintenance; subject to such modification in location and design as may be found to be ad- visable (H. Doc. No. 404, 71st Cong., 2d sess.). Local cooperation.-In accordance with the provisions of the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, the city of Nome furnished evi- dence, accepted by the Secretary of War, on December 22, 1917, that (LO QuIr OF, REPOSTrF O) NNENGMEE ~i4. S. AIGf I1 O it would contribute $2~500 annually tpwa rd the maintenance of the improvement and furnish all lands or easements necessary to the proper execution of the work. These conditions have been 'mt. Tei minal facilities.-Traffic from ocean vessels is ightered to and from shore, a distance of 11/2 to 2 miles. There is one privately owned wharf, about 75 foot front, which is open to. general public use on payment of wharfage charges. When weather permits, the lighters and small coastwise vessels load and unload directly on the beach. The city constructed in 1924 a municipal wharf with a front- age of 150 feet along the north side of the basin. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of impnrovement.-During the current year considerable use was made of the harbor by small coasting vessels for both shelter and the discharge of freight. The harbor was also used by lighters from the ocean shipping for the unloading of both freight and passengers. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Redredging to the extent of 10,270 cubic yards was'done at a cost of $11,581.05. A concrete block torn from the nose of the east jetty and left in channel entrance was removed by contract at a cost of $3,800. Extraordi- nary repairs due to unusually heavy storm damage were made to both jetties and revetments. The cost during the year was $27,716.73 applied to maintenance, of which $25,216.73 was from United States funds and $2,500 from contributed funds. The expenditure from United States funds was $31,004.90. In addition, $2,500 was expended from contributed funds. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Project was completed in 1923. Redredging is necessary to remove shoaling caused by winter storms. As a result of exceptionally heavy storms, considerable repairs to both jetties and revetments are necessary. The controlling depths at mean lower low water on June 30, 1930, were as follows: Basin, 5.6 feet; channel, 6 feet; bar, 7.2 feet. The total costs to the end of the fiscal year are: New work, $272,- 950.13; maintenance, $144,644.62, all from United States funds, and $20,000 for maintenance from contributed funds. Total expenditures to date, $440,304.20, of which $420,304.20 was from United States funds and $20,000 from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-During the working season of 1930 exten- sive repairs will be made to both jetties and revetment. The channel will be dredged as required. This will entail the removal of about 6,000 cubic yards of material. The unexpended balance of $27,445.93 will be exhausted at the close of the working season. The sum of $22,500, of which $2,500 is to be contributed by local interests, can be profitably expended for maintenance during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. This will provide for the follow- ng work: Repairing storm and ice damage to jetties--,__ $7, 000 Extensions and repairs to revetments___ __ -________-______- 3, 200 Redredging 6,000 cubic yards, at $1.50-------------------------- 9, 000 Engineering and contingencies, about' 15 per cent______ ... _____._ 3, 300 Total- -_---------- 22,500 RIVERS AND HARBORS- Si EAU, IJALASA, 'DISTRICT' IY 1 Commercial statistics.--The imports consist of general merchan- dise, lumber, fuel, and supplies. The chief exports are gold, tin, fish, reindeer meat, and furs. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1925 ...---------- 23, 964 $2,688,883 2,269 1928-_. 8,730 $1,988,306 1,322 1926---------...... 13,024 2,949,034 2,644 1929---------- 14,297 2,749,837 1,080 1927 ----------........ 21,832 3,013,100 1, 420 Deep-sea vessels anchor about 2 miles offshore, and cargoes are lightered ashore on small barges having a draft of 4 feet. The draft of the deep-sea vessels varies from 18 to 25 feet. The small coast- wise boats that distribute the freight from Nome to the various ports on Bering Sea, the Arctic coast of Alaska, and the northeast Siberian ports draw from 3 to 9 feet loaded and consist of gasoline boats and motor-driven schooners. Cost and financial summary UNITED STATES FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1930-------------------------- $272, 950. 13 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930------------------------ 144, 644. 62 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930------------- 417, 594. 75 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ------------- 7, 892. 69 Net total cost to June 30, 1930- ------------------------ 425, 487. 44 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--------------------------- 5, 183. 24 Net total expenditures ---------------------------------- _ 420, 304. 20 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------------- 27, 445. 93 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----------- --- 447, 750. 13 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work---- --------------------.--------- -- Cost of maintenance ------------------ $22,871.32 $23,849. 43 $20,002. 70 $22, 487.90 $25, 216.73 Total expended--------------------------- 22,871.32 23,849.43 20,098.69 20,901.18 31,004.90 Allotted-----------..-- ---...... ... ....... 12,000.00 25,000.00 17, 000 00 19,500.00 31,300.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929---------------------------- $27, 150. 83 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Apr. 15, 1926_--- ---- ------ ----- $3, 800. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930- 20, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1929- ----- - 7,--500. 00 7, 31, 300. 00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------------- 58, 450. 83 Gross amount expended----------- ------------------- --- 31, 004. 90 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------ 27, 445. 93 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------------------------- 5, 183. 24 Balance available June 30, 1930--------------------------- 22, 262. 69 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June -- - -- -- - -- - -- -- - 30, 1932, for maintenance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 00 20, 000. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1%962 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, UT. S. ARMY, 1930 CONTaIBUTMe FU)S Cost of malntenakkc to June 30, 180--- ----------------------- $20, 000. 00 Net total expenditures- - --------.--- ---- ----- 24,00000.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------20, 0. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work.. .. ... .. ----------------------- ------- --------------- -------------- ---------- Cost of maintenance-----_ --------------- $3, 520.90 $2, 500.00 $2,500. 00 $2,500.00 $2, 500. 00 Total expended--_---------------------- 3,520.90 2,500. 00 2,500.00 2,500. 00 2,500.00 Contributed__-____-_ _---------- -- 2,500.00 2, 500. 00 2,500. 00 2, 500. 00 2, 500. 00 Amount contributed by city of Nome------------------------------ $2,500 Gross amount expended_------------------- --------- --- 2, 500 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, --- -- -- - ---- --- --- - 1932, for maintenance 1 ___________ _ ___ 2, 500 CONSOLIDATED COST AND FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR NOME HARBOR, ALASKA Cost of new work to June 30, 1930____ $272, 950.13 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_------------------------- 164, 644. 62 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930 _--____----- 437, 594. 75 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930----- - 7, 892. 69 -- Net total cost to June 30, 1930___________--- ______--445, 487. 44 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ----------------------- 5, 183. 24 Net total expenditures___________________________ 440, 304. 20 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ___________________________ 27, 445. 93 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------ -___ 467, 750. 13 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work--------------------------....-- Cost of maintenance ---------------- $26, 392. 22 $26, 349.43 $22, 502. 70 $24, 987. 90 $27, 716. 73 Total expended------------------------- 26, 392. 22 26, 349. 43 22, 598.69 23, 401. 18 33, 504.90 Allotted-_ __------- -------- _------------ 14, 500. 00 27, 500. 00 19, 500. 00 22,000. 00 33, 800.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ .... __ -_ ________ _ $27, 150. 83 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Apr. 15, 1926-------------------------- $3,800.00 Amount alotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930_ 20, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act proved Feb. 28, 1929----------------------------- 7, 500. 00 Amount contributed by city of Nome ---------------- 2, 500. 00 33, 800. 00 Amount to be accounted for ---------------------------- 60, 950. 83 Gross amount expended------------------ - - 33, 504. 90 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 27, 445. 93 Outstanding liabilities, June 30, 1930-------------------------- 5, 183. 24 Balance available June 30, 1930---------- - ------------ 22, 262. 69 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - -- - -- -- -- - - - 30, 1932, for maintenance1 - - - -- - - 22, 500. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JUNEAU, ALASKA, DISTRICT 1963 2. WRANGELL HARBOR, ALASKA Location and description.-Wrangell Harbor is located on the west side of the northern end of Wrangell Island, 824 miles from Seattle and 160 miles from Juneau. It is a natural indentation of the coast line 1,200 feet in width by 3,000 feet in length. The harbor is never icebound. The locality is shown on United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 8164. Original condition.--While protected from westerly and south- westerly storms, the entire harbor was open to storms from the north- west. The controlling depth in the entrance channel is 10 fathoms at low water and about 15 acres, or one-half of the harbor area, has depths of more than 18 feet at mean lower low water. Previous project.--None. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of a rubble mound breakwater 300 feet long to protect the southern portion of the harbor. The mean range of tide is 13.8 feet; extreme tidal range, 24.8 feet. Heavy swells dangerous to small fishing boats are caused by the wind, which causes an additional rise of about 1 foot. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1921, was $50,000. It is ex- pected that there will be little or no expense for maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922. (H. Doc. No. 161, 67th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Terminalfacilities consist of two commercial wharves, a cannery wharf, and a sawmill wharf. All are open pile structures. The commercial wharves are privately owned but are open to public use on payment of wharfage charges. The westerly one has ample depths for deep-draft vessels. Terminal facilities are adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-Small boats are protected from storms from the northwest, and experience less difficulty in remaining in the very restricted and congested anchorage area in Wrangell Harbor. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions during the fiscal year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1926 at a saving of $12,678 under the estimated cost. Maintenaice has been nominal. The controlling depth is 20 feet. Total costs are: New work,'$87,321.32; maintenance, $167.43; total, $32~,5.. Total expenditures to date, $387,488.75. Propsed operations. There is no unexpended balance. No main- tenance iscontemplated, and no funds can therdfore be profitably ex- pended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. Conmmnrcia statstis.-The iimpoxts consist of1 general merchan- dise, building materials, machinery, :fuel, anid supplies. The chief exports are fish and fish products, lumber, anad furs. Comparative statement ca 1da yer Short toja Va~luq Papseagery CalQ'C dr yearF Sport tons Value Passengers 1925 ...... 34, 503 $2, 600, 590 4, 722 .. ----- 1928--- 27, 886 $3, 389, 504 3, 574 1926_ -- . 39, 941 3, 516, 899 3, 820 1929 ...---------- 37, 137 3, 715, 109 3, 539 1927--------- 41,577 4, 138, 120 3, 800 1964 RRV OFCLEF Or-F,t jnXEE&Th. . 4RMY,L030 go'at and fnanoinssummary Cost of new work to June 30, 193_. --------------- $37, 321. 32 Cqst rf maintenance to Junqe 30, 1930--- ----------- 17..43 STotal cost of permaneit*ork to:June 30, 1930__--- __'_ - 37, 488. 75 Net total expenditures.---.------------- ------ 37, 488. 75 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-__-______ ,-------- 37, 488. 75 Fiscal year ending:June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work. ,.--------- --------.... $3,285.98.................................... .--...... Cost of maintenance.__.-_........_--- $92.60 $74.83 _ _ _......._ Total expended-_........ .......- ..... .. 3,285.98 92.60 74.83 .......... -. Allotted..........------ ..---- --------- ------. ............... -511. 25 ----...............-- --- 3. WRANGELL NARROWS, ALASKA Location and description.--Wrangell Narrows lies to the, west of Mitkof Island, connects Sumner Strait with Frederick Sound, and forms a part of the inside water route from Puget Sound to south- eastern Alaska. Itis a narrow passage 21 miles in length with rocky bottom dangerous to navigate at low stages of the tide. Wrangel is 47 miles south of the southern entrance, and. Petersburg is just within the northern entrance. It is never icebound. The locality is shown on Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 8170 and 8200. Original condition.--Fourteenshoals obstructed the channel, giv- ing a minimum depth of 7 feet.. The mean tidal range is about 13.8 feet, the maximum about 23 feet. All except the largest boats could navigate the channel at or near high tide in fair weather. Actually about half the traffic detoured by the outside route via Cape Decision, an added distance of aboutl 70 miles. Previous projects.-None. EE isting project.-'This provides for a channel 200 feet wide ont the bottom and 21 feet deep at mean lower low water, with increased depth in rock, and 27 feet deep at Shoal No. 2. The estimate .of cost of the entire project outlined in House Docu- ment No. 179, Sixty-seventh Congress, second session, is $2,000,000 for new work and $I0,000 annually for maintenance. These esti- mates were made in 1921. Congress adopted this project subject to the condition that " no greater sum than $500,000 shall be expended on this project until specifically authorized by law." The estimated annual cost of maintenance of the partial project so authorized is $5,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925 (H. Doc. No. 179, :67th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modiflcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.--The terminal facilities at Petersburg consist of two cannery wharves, a sawinill wharf, and a general wharf. All are pile structures. They are privately owned but open to public use on payment of wharfage charges. The depth at the wharves is about 12 feet at mean lower low water. RIVERS AN t) HARBOESJUNEAU, ALASKA, DISTRIC 195 Effect of improvement.-The removal of all shoals in the adopted channel provides a controlling depth of 21 feet at mean lower low water throughout the narrows. Vessels are now able to pass through the narrows at any stage of tide. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Shoals 'Nos. 2 and 11 were redredged by the dredge Mackenzie. Two hundred and fifty- two thousand, two hundred and forty cubic yards were removed at a cost of $43,330.31. Soundings were taken over shoal No. 2 to de- termine the condition of the channel. The cost during the year was $44,232.82, and the expenditure was $43,484.07, all applied to main- tenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.---The limited project was completed in 1928. A minimum depth of 18 feet exists at mean lower low water. Soundings indicate slight shoaling in the channel' at shoal No. 2. Additional redredging will be necessary to maintain the channel through this shoal. Cost of new work, $452,970.93; cost of maintenance, $79,029.07; total cost to date, $532,000. Total expendi- tures to date amount to $531,947.04. Proposed operations.--Semiannualexaminations of portions of the channel subject to shoaling will be made. The unexpended balance of $52.96 will be exhausted during the fiscal year 1931. No work is proposed during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, and no funds can therefore be profitably expended. Commercial statistics.-The improvement is primarily for the benefit of through commerce, but it also greatly benefits local business at Petersburg, Alaska. Comparative statement yearFreight Calendar Calendar Value Passengers Ship ton- year tonnage nage 1926 1 ....-------....---------------------------------- 277, 046 $69, 261, 500 44, 913 370, 874 1927 2------------...... ----------------------------- 163,642 52,808,190 26,998 282,370 1928 2_---------------------- 219, 571 64, 892, 750 37, 951 475, 706 1929 .. ,..... _---------------------------- 176, 015 41,056, 556 38, 793 511, 517 1 No record of commerce for prior years.' 2 Wrangell Narrows closed part time account of dredging operations and construction of aids. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ----------------------- $452,970. 93 Cost of: maintenance to June 30, 1930------.__------- ------ 79, 029. 07 'total cost of 'pe mlanent work to June 30, 1930------------ 532, 000. 00 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930----------------------------- 52. 96 Net total expenditures------ --------------- -- - 531, 947: 04 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 -- -------- ----- 52. 96 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930-------------- 532, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new wor . ......----------------------$9, 053. 44 $92, 080.80 $330,051.68 $3, 817. 30 -- Cost of maintenance ..----- ...---------------- ------------------ 26, 248.84 8,547.41 $44, 232.82 Totl cost-- .-- ..--- -- -----------. 9, 053. 44 92,080.80 356,300. 62 12, 364.71 44, 232. 82 Total expended ...............--------------------... 9, 053. 44 92,080. 80 328,901.65 58, 427. 08 43, 484. 07 . Allotted---------.............-------------------175,00000 200,000.00 110,000.00 47.000.00 .... L 1966 ROFP OF P O gE EF tGITEEp,, ROFDE U... jY, 1930 rnCe July 1, 1. eaped .sfl 9 ---- 43, 537.08 $,---------------- Gqs. un epended .- ------------------ $43, 964. 07 tfes receipts fron sales---------------------------- 40.00 alncee unexpended Juqe 30, 10------------ 52.96 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930- --i---------------------- 5296 4. TOLOVANA RIVER, ALASKA Location an descrption.-The Tolovana River is a small, slug- gish stream with its sow ce in the mountains between the Tanana and Yukon Rivers. It flows in a sinuous southwesterly course through an altuavial alley from 3 to 25, miles in width to its junction with the Tanana River, 65 miles below the city of Nenana. The distance by rives froi the head of nasvigation to its mouth is 155 miles, while the distance followi g the.river valley is only 55 miles. The river is subjeot to sudden hanges in stage. :There are no navigable tribu- taries., The average fall is about 1 fopt per mile and the average velocity about 11/2 miles per hour. The river is open to navigation not later than June 1 and closes about November 1. The locality is Phown on United.States Geological Survey map, Alaska Railroad, Yanert Fork :to Fairbanks sheet, and on a wall map of Alaska published by,the Alaska Road Commission, 1923. Original c onditn.---Ero the: muth to the log jam 120 miles above the depth varies from 6 to 10 feet, except at a beaver cam, mile 118 From the log jam to the ed e of aviga Millers Bend, Miss .-------------------- -- 460 Left---- -------- 0 3, 120 - Leland Neck, Ark_------------------------------ 471 Right-...-------- 1, 500 14. 400 Leland Neck, Ark _..---------------------------- 471 do--- - 115,030 115,030 Greenville, Miss .---------------------------- 480 Left---- --------- 0 29, 430 - Vaucluse, Ark_. --- ------------------------- 488 Right----------- 0 4,000 Sunnyside, Ark -----.....--......-- ------......-------.... .........------ 491 .... do---------- 0 5, 940= 1 Miles above mouth. 22,200 linear feet of dikes entirely lost in 1927 flood. 8 Concrete mats. 4 Upper bank work not yet complete. OLength corrected. 6 Linear feet of bank protected by permeable crib dikes. 7 Built and paid for by the Union Sand & Gravel Co. 8 1,800 linear feet of this work built and paid for by the Aluminum Ore Co. 0 Does not include 520 linear feet of renewal of old work. 10 Does not include 923 linear feet of renewal of old work. 11Linear feet permeable pile dike. 11714---ENG 1930----130 2064 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Effective length of bank protection, June 30, 1930, and length built during 12 months July 1, 1929, to June 30, 1930--Continued Effective Locality Below Cairo Bank of river Built dur- revet- ing year ment in place Linear Linear Vicksburg engineer district-Continued. Miles feet feet Longwood, Miss.-------------------------------- 503 511 ------------ Left........ Right-....... 0 2,050 (1s) 19, 880 Grand Lake, Ark_--. Princeton, Miss-- ------------------- __------ 515 Left............. 0 6, 550 Lake Providence Reach- Louisiana Bend, La__-------------------------- 522 Right....----------- 0 (12) Lake Providence, La....------------------------- 542 . do......---------- 0 (12) Valewood, Miss--------- ----------------------- 528 Left-------------. s400 13, 820 Hagaman, La------------------------------------- 543 Right .....---------- 2, 500 11, 710 Fitler Bend Miss. -------------------- 551 Left----------...........-- 0 13, 200 Cottonwood, Miss-------------- -- ------- 557 ..... do---- 0 10, 000 Goodrich, La. ------------------------- 561 Right.----------- 780 4, 870 Albemarle Bend, Miss--.....__ _______-_-.....___ 569 Left..........-.. 0 (12) 4 Duckport,Bend, Milliken La La---------------------------- DuckportLa-------------------------5------------- 583 594 590 Right ..... _-_- - .._ do........ O0 O 6,440 6, 960 6,960 Delta Point, La-----------...6--------------------- 01 - .. do----------..... 0 3, 650 Opposite Delta Point__--------__-__- __-- -_ 602 Left__-- .------- 0 (12) Vicksburg, Miss----------------- ---- 602 .. do_. 750 4, 950 Barge Line Terminal, Miss_ -__-----603 .... do........ 2, 250 Reid-Bedford Bend, La- ..-.. --.--. 607 Right-.......... - 350 12, 550 Second district, New Orleans: Yucatan Bend, Miss__----- -------------- 639-640 Left-......-.-.... 0 8, 547 Hard Times Bend, La-_- -------- ----- 645 Right-....--.... - 413 11, 638 Hard Scrabble Bend, La_--- ------------- .-- 655-656 -7 do....-----. . 7, 444 7, 444 Bondurant Chute, La-- ....- -657 ..... do--.......... 0 5, 780 Cottage Bend, La....------------------------------ 664 .... do_.---- - 14, 160 4, 160 Kemp Bend, La._ ------.- _- ------------ 671-675 _...do-.--....-._ 0 29, 815 Giles Bend, Miss. ----------------------- -- 689-693 Left-------............. 0 20,917 Marengo Bend, La------------------------- 697-699 Right_-. ...._... 0 a 19, 373 Natchez Front, Miss--------... -----------------.-- 704-706 Left............. 0 3, 957 Deer Park, La-....-------------------------------- 729 Right---------.......... 1 4, 113 11, 843 Grand Bay, La-----------8------------ ------ 816 ..... do.......... 0 7,300 Plaquemine, La-------------------------------- 863- do---------- 0 6, 370 Avondale, La---------------------------------- 962 __- do----------1 83,225 24,949 New Orleans Harbor---.................... -- 965-979 Right and left___ 14 112 68, 160 Total revetments -------------------- 15 74, 298 .-------------------------- 548 16 812, (14.1 (153.9 miles) miles) $ Concrete mats. a Length corrected. 12 Inactive due to channel change, 4,200 linear feet, Longwood; 11,300 linear feet, Louisiana Bend; 12,600 linear feet, Lake Providence; 13,700 linear feet, Albemarle Bend; 1,950 linear feet, opposite Delta Point. 18Fascine mats. , 14 Framed mats. is Does not include 1,500linear feet permeable crib dikes nor 5,030 linear feet permeable pile dikes. 16Does not include 18,400 linear feet permeable crib dikes nor 5,030 linear feet permeable pile dikes. The following table shows the total length of effective contraction works in place and the amount built during the 12 months ending June 30, 1930: Effective length of contraction works, June 80, 1930, and length built during 12 months July 1, 1.929, to June 30, 1930 Effective BelowBuiltperme- Locality Cairelow Bank of river during able Locality Cairo year dikes in place Memphis engineer district: Miles Linearfeet Linear feet Chute of Island 8, Ky____________---------------- 43- 47 Left_............ 5,054 1 5,054 Morgan Point, Ark__-...--_----------------------- 185-187 Right-.......... 1,200 1 1,200. Chute of Island 35, Tenn-______- 194-196 Left------------............. .----------------- 2, 000 12, 000 Foot of Island 35, Ark-....__----------------------- 196-198 Right.......... 2, 900 2 2, 900 Total contraction works --------......................------- --------------- 11,154 11,154 Pemeale ple 2ikes 1 ermeblecribdiks. 8.1 i 1 Permeable pile dikes. 2 Permeable crib dikes. 32.1 miles. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2065 LEVEES The problem of protecting a succession of basins below Cairo, covering an overflow area 600 miles long and 50 miles wide, through which the run-off from a watershed of 1,240,000 square miles was flowing toward the Gulf, was a complicated one. At Cairo, Ill., the river carries about 1,000,000 cubic feet per second at a bank-full stage, and a flood flow of about 2,000,000 cubic feet per second. To reclaim and protect the fertile delta basins the flood flow has been reduced in width from 50 miles to a channel sometimes less than a mile wide. The approved project provides for protection works against from 2,000,000 to 2,250,000 second-feet at Cairo and 3,000,000 second-feet in the latitude of Red River. Among the many problems requiring solution in this connection were height and section of levees; efficiency of the embankment, when built of the available material, in withstanding the strain put upon it; power of the soil to sustain the weight of a levee; shape and form of cross section necessary to keep the line of saturation well within the base; protection of river side of levee from damage by wave wash; and the effect of levees on the river bed and on gage heights. When active levee work began in 1882 the levees of the Yazoo Basin were about 8 feet high and contained about 31,500 cubic yards per mile; to-day the levees in the same district average 22 feet in height and contain about 421,000 cubic yards per mile. When raised to the 1928 project grade and section the levees will average 26 feet in height and will contain about 678,000 cubic yards per mile. On June 30, 1930, the estimated content of the levee lines already up to the approved grade and section covering the Mississippi River from Rock Island, Ill., to Cape Girardeau, Mo., and on the outlets and tributaries of the Mississippi River between Rock Island and Head of Passes, La., in so far as such outlets and tributaries are affected by backwater of the Mississippi River on which data was available as provided for in section 6 of the act of May 15, 1928, was about 53,529,841 cubic yards; about 31,876,659 cubic yards remain to be placed to complete the work. The estimated content of the levee lines already up to the 1928 project grade and section covering the main river project levees from Cape Girardeau, Mo., to the Head of Passes, La., as provided for in section 1 of the above act, was about 471,033,000 cubic yards; about 462,026,000 cubic yards remain to be placed to complete this project. A total of 1,140,198 cubic yards were placed in levees under section 7 of the above act during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930; no estimate can be made of the yardage remaining to be placed under section 7. The earlier levees were built with wheelbarrows. As the yardage increased the work was done with drag scrapers, wheel scrapers, dump wagons, and finally came the development of drag line and cableway machines of large capacity. Tractors, elevating graders, and large dump trucks with caterpillar traction (capacity about 7 cubic yards) have recently been employed also. The larger drag- line machines handle from 31/2 to 5 yard buckets on booms ranging from 125 to 165 feet long, average hourly capacity 150 cubic yards. The cableway machines handle from 6 to 10 yard buckets and have an average capacity of 300 cubic yards per hour. The districts have ;l n ;mnortant work in developing levee machines and have mate- 2066 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINTEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 rially increased their economy and efficiency. A total of 22 Gov-- ernment-owned levee machines are now in use. This is not a full statement of the levee-building facilities, as most of the levee work is- done by contract. In the Rock Island and St. Louis engineer dis- tricts levee building is also successfully done by the use of floating pipe-line dredges pumping sandy material from the bed of the river.. This method is being extended to the lower river districts. For convenience of administration, allotment of funds, and han- dling of:local contributions for levee purposes, the river front below Rock Island, Ill., has been divided by the Federal authorities into local levee districts. The names and locations of the districts as now established are as follows: MISsIssIPPi RIVEr Rock Island to New Boston, Ill.; left bank (507 to 4581). Museatine to mouth of Iowa River, Iowa; right bank (481 to 4601). Mouth of Iowa River to Burlington, Iowa; right bank (459 to 4301). Oquawka to Dallas, Ill.; left bank (441 to 4141). Mouth of Des Moines River to La Grange, Mo.; right bank (381 to 356 ').. Warsaw to Quincy, Ill.; left bank (381 to 3481). La Grange to mouth of Missouri River, Mo.; right bank (357 to 2081).. Quincy to Hamburg Bay, Ill.; left bank (348 to 2821). Head Chouteau Island to Prairie du Pont, Ill.; left bank (208 to 185 ).. St. Louis to Cape Girardeau, Mo.; right bank (191 to 54 '). Prairie du Pont to Grand Tower, Ill.; left bank (185 to 84 ). Grand Tower to Gale, Ill.; left bank (84 to 48 ). Thebes to Cairo, Ill.; left bank (45 to 0i). U pper St. Francis levee district, vicinity of Cape Girardeau, to New Madrid, Mo.'ight ; bank (54 to 71). Reelfdot levee district, Hickman, Ky., to Slough Landing, Tenn.; left bank (36 to 60 ). Lower St. Francis levee district, vicinity of New Madrid, Mo., to mouth of St. Francis River; right bank (71 to 298 ). Upper Yazoo levee district, from just below Memphis, Tenn., to the Bolivar- Coahoma County line; left bank (227 to 365 ). Lower Yazoo levee district, Bolivar-Coahoma County line to mouth of the Yazoo River; left bank (365 to 602 '). White River levee district, Helena, Ark., to White River; right bank (307 to 391'). Homochitto levee district, mouth of Yazoo River to Baton Rouge; left bank (602 to 834"). Upper Tensas levee district, one-half mile downstream from city limits of Pine Bluff, Ark., on the Arkansas River, 116 miles above its mouth, to opposite Warrenton, Miss.; right bank (609 "). Lower ' 'ensas levee district, opposite Warrenton, Miss., to mouth of Red River, including Palmyra Island; right bank (609 to 772 2). Atchafalaya levee district, Red River to Bayou Lafourche; right bank (772 to 895 2). Lafourche levee district, Bayou Lafourche to Orleans levee district; right bank (895 to 9752). Barataria levee district, Orleans levee district to Head of Passes; right bank (989 to 1,070'). Pontchartrain levee district, Baton Rouge to Orleans levee district; left bank (842 to 966'). Lake Borgne levee district, Orleans levee district to Head of Passes; left bank (979 to 1,070'). Orleans levee district, composed of the parish of New Orleans. It extends from the Lafourche levee district to the Barataria levee district, right bank (975 to 989'), and from the Pontchartrain levee district to the Lake Borgne levee district, left bank (966 to 979 "). 1 Miles above Cairo. 2Miles below Cairo. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2067 Local levee districts on tributaries of the Mississippi River up to ;the limit of flood-control work as provided for under the approved :project are as follows: Illinois River, from mouth to Beardstown, Ill. Left bank.-Nutwood, Eldred, Fairbanks (Keach), Hartwell, Hillview, Big }Swan, Scott County, Mauvaisterro, Coon River, Willow Creek, Meredosia Lake, South Beardstown, city of Beardstown, and Lost Creek drainage and levee districts. Right bank.-Valley City, McGee Creek, Little Creek, Big Prairie, Crane {Creek, and Coal Creek drainage and levee districts. Wood River.-Wood River drainage and levee district. Missouri River, from mouth to St. Charles, Mo.; no local districts. Ohio River, from mouth to Mound City, Ill.: Left bank.-None. Right bank.-Cairo, and Mounds drainage districts. White River, from mouth to a point 12 miles below Augusta, Ark.: Left bank.-Clarendon, and White River levee districts. Right bank.-Little Red River levee district No. 1. St. Francis River, from mouth to mouth of Tyronza River, above Parkin, Ark., no local districts. Arkansas River, from mouth to one-half mile downstream from Pine Bluff 'City limits, Ark.: Left bank.-Farelly Lake, Jefferson County, and New Gascony levee districts. Right bank.-Southeast Arkansas, Linwood-Auburn, and Frenchtown levee vdistricts. Yazoo River, from mouth to mouth of Wolf Lake above Yazoo City, Miss.: Left bank.---Rocky Bayou levee and drainage district. Right 'bank.-Warren County, and Ateli ftlaya ,lev~ and drainage distfibth. Red River. from mouth to Alexandria, La.: :Left bank.-Saline levee and drainage district. Right bank.-Red River, Atchafalaya and Bayou Boeuf levee district, from Alexandria to Moncla; Red River and Bayou des Glaises levee and drainage district from Moncla to mouth of river. Atchafalaya River, from mouth to Morgan City, La.: West bank.-Red River, Atchafalaya and Bayou Boeuf levee district, from junction of the Atchafalaya and Bayou des Glaises at Simmesport, La., to Butte La Rose on the Atchafalaya River. East bank.-Atchafalaya levee district. (NOTE.-The Atchafalaya levee district includes entire basin down to Morgan City with the exception of the right-bank levee from Simmesport to Bayou 'Courtableau. ) The following tabulations covering levee work under sections 1, 1, and 7 of the act approved May 15, 1928, are similar to the tabula- tion given in previous reports. The tabulations have been brought up to date and show the present condition of levees below Rock Island, Ill., and levee operations during the 12 months ending June .30,1930, as compiled from data submitted by the district engineers. The column " Estimated final contents " of the levees given in Table 1 is based on grades, sections, and quantities fixed pursuant to :section 6 of the project adopted by Congress May 15, 1928. The :same column of Table 2 is based on grades, sections, and quantities as provided for in section 1 of the above act. Table 3 covers work accomplished under section 7 of the May 15, 1928, act. The levees are reconstructed to their original grade and section. Levees in the several districts that have been completed to the approved grade and section are as follows: Rock Island engineer district, 189.8 miles; St. Louis engineer district, 64.8 miles; Memphis engineer district, 102.9 miles; Vicksburg engineer district, 21.0 miles; and second district, New Orleans, 206.1 miles; total, 584.6 miles. TABLE I.-Present condition of Mississippi River levees from Rock Island, Ill., to Cape Girardeau,Mo., and on the tributaries and outlets of the Mississippi River between Rock Island and Head of Passes in so far as such tributariesand outlets are affected by the backwater of the Mississippi River, and levee operations for the 12 months from July 1, 1929, to June 30, 1930, as provided for in section 6 of the act of May 15, 1928 Built Built Lost or Per A pproxi- mate Required to Estimated O Levee district In Built Contents since by since by Total built abandoned Contents final cent area system 1929 United .]ocal au- since 1929 during 1930 complete contents now pro- States thorities year built tected o I I I I t Cubic Square 0 Rock Island engineer district: Miles Miles Cubic yards Cubic yards yards Cubic yards Cubic yards Cubic yards Cubic yards Cubic yards miles Rock Island to New Boston, Ill ..... 25. 1 25. 1 3, 194, 512 - -- - - .- - .-- - - - - 3,194, 512 343, 000 3, 537, 512 90. 3 44 Muscatine to mouth of Iowa River, ==-=-------= ------------ Iowa 1---- __ ___------ 22. 0 22. 0 2, 514, 220 2, 514, 220 2, 514, 220 100.0 34 Mouth Iowa River to Burlington, ---- ,- -- Iowa 2. -. -- - -- -- -- .- 34. 7 34.7 3, 342, 262 3 3, 342, 262 3, 342, 262 100.0 70 Oquawka to Dallas, Ill.4._ . 20. 3 20. 3 2, 012, 640 483, 729 483, 729 _----- --- 2, 496, 369 33, 959 2, 530, 328 98. 7 29 Mouth of Des5 Moines River to La Grange, Mo. .. . .... ... .... 21.4 21.4 980, 210 308, 361 308, 361-__----- S1, 288, 571 366, 639 1,655, 210 77.8 30 Warsaw to Quincy, Ill___________ 17.5 17. 5 1,800, 005 6 73, 507 73, 507 -- -- -- -- 1, 873, 512 1,873,512 100. 0 46 La Grange 7 to mouth Missouri River M o. __-- . - - - - - - - - 25. 8 25. 8 2,055, 856 2, 055, 856 2, 055, 856 100. 0 55 Quincy to Hamburg Bay, Ill -.....-.. 53. 0 53. 0 7, 526, 502 8 57, 353 --- 5,5------------- 7, 583, 855 271, 647 7,855, 502 96.5 172 M St. Louis engineer district: Head of Chouteau Island to Prairie du Pont, Ill_-------------- - - 21.0 21. 0 2, 632, 235 .... _.,.- 2, 632, 235 2, 632, 235 100. 0 96 Prairie du Pont to Grand Tower, Ill_ 16.0 16. 0 485, 946 485, 946 485,946 100. 0 46 St. Louis to Cape Girardeau, Mo _ _ 17. 6 17. 6 1,443, 816 1,443, 816 1,443, 816 100. 0 32 4 Grand Tower to Gale, Ill.~ - --- 38. 0 38. 0 2, 327, 429 155, 672 155, 672 2, 483, 101 12470, 000 2,953, 101 84.1 75 Beardstown, Ill.10 to mouth of Illinois River-...__..___. . ...---- . .. 172. 1 172. 1 19, 910, 000 74, 831 74,831 19, 984, 831 28, 388, 169 48, 373, 000 41.3 193 Memphis engineer district: (No work accomplished under sec. 6.) Vicksburg engineer district: Farelly Lake levee district, left bank Arkansas River._. 21. 1 21. 1 2, 054, 000 64, 503 32, 252 96, 755 2, 150, 755 2,003, 245 4,154, 000 51.8 (11) Second district, New Orleans: (No work accomplished under sec- tion 6.) - - I- - I-- 1 - 1 - - I I I I - I To tal . .................... ..... 505. 6 505. 6 52, 279, 633 1, 217, 956 32, 252 1, 250, 208 I___ 53, 529, 841 31, 876, 659 85, 406, 500 62. 7 922 ~ - I Includes 1.8 miles of levee along Iowa River, left bank, from mouth to bluffs, in Louisa County levee district No. 15. 2 Includes 6.8 miles of levee along Iowa River, right bank, from mouth to bluffs, in Iowa River-Flint Creek levee district No. 16. 3 Does not include 5,474 cubic yards placed in filling crevasses in Keithsburg drainage district, Ill., in 1929. 4 Includes 3.3 miles of levee along Henderson River, right bank from mouth to high ground in Henderson County drainage district No. 3 and 2.5 miles along Henderson River, left bank, from mouth to high ground in Henderson County drainage district No. 1. b Includes 8.3 miles of levee along Des Moines River, right bank, and 6.3 miles of levee along Fox River, left bank, in Des Moines-Mississippi levee district No. 1, Mo. 6 Does not include 118,810 cubic yards placed-in filling crevasses in Indian Grave district in 1929. 1 La Grange to opposite mouth of Illinois River. 8Does not include 5,100 cubic yards placed in filling crevasses in South Quincy drainage and levee district, Ill., in 1929 and 1930. 9 Includes 5.7 miles of levee along Big Muddy River, left bank, from mouth to bluffs in Preston levee drainage district. 10oIllinois River, Beardstown, Ill., to junction with Mississippi River. 11Not known. 12 Amount reported as required to be completed in 1929 report reduced as result of new survey and realignment of proposed levee. CD TABLE I.-Present condition of main river evees, from Gape Grardeau, Mo., to Head of Passes, Lad., and operations for the i from July 1, 1929, to June 30, 1980, as provided for in section 1 of the act of May 16, 1928 levee months O 0 Levee district Levee district In Built Built Contents since by since by Total built abandoned Contents Required to Estited centr ent mate ea system 1929 United local au- since 1929 during 1930 complete now area States thorities yearcontents built pro- tected O N ... gerbu 0itrl Cubic square 0 Memphis engineer district: Miles *Miles Cubic yards Cubic yards Cubic yards Cubic yards Cubic yards yards Cubic yards Cubic yard. miles h Thebes to Cairo, Ill_--- 9.6 9.6 2, 660, 210 756, 383 756, 383 3, 416, 593 483, 407 13, 900, 000 87.6 11 Ohio River....------------------- 4. 5 4.5 1, 059, 000 164, 808 164, 808 1,223, 808 816, 192 22, 040, 000 60.0 12 Upper St. Francis.--._ 3 121. 5 87. 0 17, 272, 465 1, 305, 965 1, 305, 965 18, 578, 430 13, 481, 570 S32, 060, 000 57. 9 700 Lower St. Francis.-_._ 6 226. 7 5 224.0 65, 737, 119 4, 381, 827 4, 381, 827 2,335,192 67, 788 754 37, 796, 246 6105,580,000 64.2 3, 500 White River------------------------- 74.8 74. 8 24, 282, 779 1, 146, 373 1, :46, 373 171, 631 25, 257, 521 22, 042, 479 747, 300, 000 53. 4 910 Reelfoot ----------------------- 21.0 21. 0 4, 419, 634 2, 633, 004 2, 933, 004 949, 008 6, 103, 630 3, 296, 370 9,400, 000 64. 9 310 Upper Yazoo.. 98. 5 98. 5 42, 787, 969 2, 035, 339 2, 035, 339 44, 823, 308 13,060............ 32,176, 692 77, 000, 000 58. 2 3, 281 Vicksburg engineer district: Lower Yazoo-east bank Mississippi River, Miss.--------- --------- 200.0 187. 7 83, 492, 912 7,641, 399. 7, 641, 399 13, 060 91, 121, 251 59, 792, 997 150, 914, 248 60.4 2, 140 Upper Tensas- South bank, Arkansas River, Ark_ 86. 8 81. 7 13, 461, 962 3, 330, 814-------- ......... 3, 330, 814 972,150 15, 820, 626 10, 816, 824 26, 637, 450 59. 4 West bank, Mississippi River, Ark_ 75. 2 75.2 34, 923, 198 71, 867 ........-- 71, 867 71, 867 34, 923, 198 13, 922, 040 48, 845, 238 71. 5 2,000 West bank, Mississippi River, La. 90.0 90.0 43, 345, 048 631, 878 35, 679 667, 557 ...........------ 44, 012, 605 28, 128, 960 72, 141, 565 61. 0 Boeuf Basin flood way- Arkansas----- ------------ I.---------------- - - - - - ---------------------------- 14, 007, 155 14, 007, 155 0.0 Louisiana.------------------------ ------------ 33, 683, 366 33, 683, 366 0.0 Second district, New Orleans: ----- --- - -- Lower Tensas---------------------- 156.8 156. 8 48, 313, 437 1, 507, 921 ....... 1, 507,921 988,170 48, 833, 188 57, 648, 668 1278,021, 726 a 26. 1 2, 081 Atchafalaya (front)-. --- 127. 3 127. 3 40, 154, 706 2, 782, 187 -.....-... 2, 782,187 1, 727, 799 41, 209, 094 29, 645, 082 1253,000, 000 1344.1 6, 035 N 83 2 000 11, 456, 038 1210,098, 074 1364. 1 Lafourche..................--------------------- 81. 8 81. 8 18, 010, 353 2, 322, 023 .......... 2, 322, 023 , 3, 626, 345 12 6,963, 300 } 2,020 961, 300 6,983, 038 418,962 13 94.0 Barataria------- ......------------------ 71. 9 71. 9 6, 424, 401 333, 508 .......... 333, 508 233, 000 6, 524, 909 2, 266, 492 126, 410, 480 1364. 5 ('10) Pontchartrain-----------............... 126. O0 126. 0 31, 319, 751 5, 025, 644 .......... 5,'025, 644 {8 3,242, 373 0 00051, 27, 505, 507 5,110,002 15, 706,048 651, 398 1234,954, 013 1 5,112,400 1355. 1 1387. 3 } 1,816 Bonnet Carre spillway, side levees.... 11. 7 1.8 3,757, 000 .......... 3,757, 000 ......... 3, 757,000 4, 308, 000 8, 065, 000 46. 6 Lake Borgne---------------------- 47.9 47.-9 6, 068, 707 18,703 ....--.. 18, 703 15, 200 6, 072, 210 1, 481, 290 126, 123, 232 1375. 8 Red River, Atchafalaya and Bayou Fd. Boeuf.......------------------------ 123. 5 123. 5 12, 042, 472 449, 343 .......... 449, 343 303, 230 12, 188, 585 4, 922, 777 1216,714, 592 1370. 6 1, 033 Atchafalaya (back).................... 53. 1 53. 1 12, 695, 347 548,172 .........- 548,172 578, 021 12, 665, 498 1, 627, 400 1213,973, 347 1888. 4 2,500 Bordelonville-Hamburg----------- 835, 201 835, 201----------....... 835, 201 1, 044, 799 1,880, 000 44.4 co West Atchafalaya Basin-----.......... 0 36, 577, 000 36, 577, 000 0.0 1, 100 East Atchafalaya Basin.-------------- 28, 800, 393 28,800, 393 0.0 1, 400 0 Ring levees: Simmesport, Melville, and Morgan City------------------- 2, 857, 725 2, 857, 725 0.0 4 I iI -I- I- i 1 1,808.4 J13, 845, 001 i t i Total-------.......................- 11, 7441 1508~, 471 47 , ,54,84 35, 679 41, 578, 525 11 536, 204, 994 462, 02, 677 933, 060, 304 1450. 5 30, 853 1 Includes 6.2 miles of Cairo drainage district (Mississippi River) levee and 3.4 miles of Cairo front (Mississippi River) levee. 3 Includes 1.4 miles of Mound City front (Ohio River) levee and 3.1 miles of Big Four (Ohio River) levee. a This figure reduced 0.5 mile, due to closer survey having been made on the Birds Point-New Madrid setback levee. 4 Includes 34.5 miles of Birds Point-New Madrid setback levee and 87 miles of front-line levee. This figure has been increased 1,500,000 cubic yards, due to closer surveys having been made. b These figures reduced 7.0 miles due to the construction of the Pecan Point short-line levee. 6 Includes 13.7 miles of New Madrid-Sikeston Ridge (St. Johns Bayou) levee and 213 miles of Mississippi River front-line levee. 7 Includes 7 miles of Laconia back-circle levee and 67.8 miles of Mississippi River front-line levee. 8 Above Bonnet Carre spillway. 0 Below Bonnet Carre spillway. 10Included in Lafourche levee district. 11Included in Pontchartrain levee district. 12 The estimated final contents equals contents June 30, 1930, plus the yardage required to complete to grade and section minus the yardage to be abandoned in the course of construction; the total to be abandoned is 65,171,367 cubic yards, as follows: Lower Tensas levee district 28,460,130 cubic yards; Atchafalaya (front) levee district 17,s54,176 cubic yards; Lafourche levee district (above Bonnet Carre spillway) 4,984,309 cubic yards; Lafourche levee district (below Bonnet Carre spillway) 438,700 cubic yards; Barataria levee district 2,380,921 cubic yards; Pontchartrain levee district (above Bonnet Carre spillway) 8,257,542 cubic yards; Pontchartrain levee district (below Bonnet Carre spillway) 649,000 cubic 3 ards; Lake Borgne levee district 1,430,268 cubic yards; Red River, Atchafalaya, and Bayou Boeuf levee district 396,770 cubic yards; Atchafalaya (back) levee district 319,551 cubic yards. 13Percentage of completion arrived at as follows: Subtract amount required to complete from the estimated final contents, dividing the remainder by the amount given under estimated final contents. 14Percentage arrived by subtracting 65,171,367 cubic yards (to be abandoned by second district, New Orleans, in course of construction) from 536,204,994 contents, 1930, dividing the remainder by 933,060,304 estimated final contents. 11Includes 65,171,367 cubic yards not up to project grade and section in second district, New Orleans, to be abandoned in the course of construction. to Q4 2072 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 TABLE III.--Yardage placed during 12 months, from July 1' 1929, to June 30, 1930, in repairing levees on tributaries of the Mississippi River threatened or destroyed by flood, including the flood of 1927, as provided for in section 7 of the act of May 15, 1928 Levee district Built since Total built, Remaining Per cent July 1, 1929 cubic yardscubic yardsbuilt, complete ROCK ISLAND ENGINEER DISTRICT Iowa River: Louisa levee districts Nos. 8 and 11, Iowa ......... 26, 956 t 44, 768 ... Levee district No. 14, Louisa County, Iowa........... 22, 172 22, 172 - 972......- - 19..., O. L. A sby.............. ...................... 1, 972 0. O Cedar River: Muscatine County, Iowa_.....__. ... ... . 16, 634 16, 634 - Mill Creek: Vicinity Milan, Ill...._.................. ... __..... 508 508 ..... ST. LOUIS ENGINEER DISTRICT Cinque Hommes Creek: Perry County,N o.3......................... .... . 12, 600 12, 600 - MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT Arkansas River: Conway levee district No. 1 ___ __ 26, 147 26, 147 None. 100.0 Oberste levee..... - - - - 3,979 3, 979 None. 100. 0 St. Francis River: Dunklin County drainage district No. 25............ 11, 621 11, 621 None. 100.0 St. Francis drainage district, Clay and Greene Coun- ties..........._ _.................. 23, 946 23, 946 None. 100. 0 Mud Slough drainage district_______ 7,682 7, 682 None. 100.0 Drainage district No. 17, Mississippi County, Ark __ 11, 759 11,759 None. 100. 0 Drainage district No. 17, Mississippi County, Ark _ 1, 660 1,660 17, 000 10.0 Neosho River: Rosenthal levee district_.._________________. ____ ___ 35, 710 35, 710 None. 100. 0 Dutton levee district______ 14,319 14, 319 None. 100.0 Delos Johnson levee district...____ _______ 3, 944 3, 944 None. 100. 0 Isett-Blackburn levee district _ 10,365 10,365 None. 100. 0 Nixon levee district___ 4,949 4, 949 None. 100. O Nation levee district__ ____ 2, 698 2, 698 None. 100. 0 Edwards-Marsh-Bell levee district ------------- 6, 260 6,269 None. 100.0 Linden levee district .. ___ __________ 11,399 11,399 None. 100. O Wikle levee district_ 15, 665 15, 665 None. 100. 0 Heath leveedistrict------------ 16,803 16,803 None. 100.0 Brogan levee district____________________ _ 13, 918 13,918 None. 100. 0 Sheltz levee district__________________________ 7, 984 7, 984 None. 100.0 Lawrence levee district...__________._________.__.____ 16, 338 16, 338 None. 100. 0 Gibbons levee district __ ___________________ 1,562 1,562 None. 100.0 Labette levee district__ ____ ________ 2, 103 2, 103 None. 100.0 Allen levee district .___.. . .___.__.____... __ 4, 755 4, 755 None. 100. 0 Brown levee district. .... ______________ ........ 3,085 3, 085 None. 100. 0 Verdigris River: Hall leveedistrict____ __.____ _ .. . ____ _.. ..._.__ 1,921 1,921 None. 100. 0 White River (right bank): Drainage district No. 1, Monroe and Phillips Coun- ties, Ark. (50miles above mouth) .... ,...... 11, 912 11,912 None. 100.0 White River levee district, Woodruff, Prairie, and Monroe Counties, Ark. (170 miles above mouth)_-- 2, 926 2, 926 1, 774 62. 3 White River levee district, Woodruff, Prairie, and Monroe Counties, Ark. (160 miles above mouth). __ 6, 028 6, 028 8, 972 40. 2 White River levee district, Woodruff, Prairie, and Monroe Counties, Ark. (134 miles above mouth)_ _ 4, 776 4, 776 10,224 21.8 VICKSBURG ENGINEER DISTRICT Red River (left bank): Bossier levee district, La _...__.. __... . .... 115, 656 115, 656 None. 100. 0 Ogden levee district, Ark___________________ ______ 32, 369 32, 369 None. 100.0 Red River levee district No. 1, Ark_ _ 20,588 20, 588 None. 100. 0 Hempstead County levee district, No. 1, Ark 40, 115 40, 115 None. 100. 0 Orton levee district, Ark ________________________ 27, 477 27, 477 47, 100 82.9 Arkansas River (left bank): Farelly Lake levee district, Ark__ .- _- 120,873 120, 873 Tallahatchie River (left bank): p Locopolis drainage district, Miss__-----.----- 4, 169 4, 169 None. 100. 0 SPanola-Quitman drainage district, Miss............. 35, 489 35, 489 506, 900 70.4 Tallahatchie River (right bank): Newsum Lake drainage district, Miss__ __ _ 13, 699 13, 699 50, 000 85. 7 SECOND DISTRICT, NEW ORLEANS Cypremont crevasse, La_-__ __..___ .______ 342,500 342, 500-------- Port Barre, south levee, La-.--....-. ...... -- ...-- _ - 22, 170 22, 170- - . .. . .. . . . J- ' I Total -.......... ........... . .......-------- 1, 140, 198 1, 158, 010 643, 942 Includes 17,812 cubic yards placed in 1929. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2073 The following is a statement of the amounts expended by the United States Government, under supervision of the president, Mis- sissippi River Commission, in the construction of levees and the amounts expended by States, levee districts, and communities inter- ested, from 1882 to December 31, 1929, covering cost of yardage placed, rights of way, interest, engineering expenses, repair work, high-water expenses, crevasse closing, etc.: Expended by Expended by Expended by District United States from Govern- United States State and local from contrib- Total ment funds uted funds organizations Northern--... ----------------------- $3, 316, 470. 13 $1, 166, 445. 08 -------- $4, 482, 915. 21 Rock Island engineer......------------------ 141, 578. 32 70, 789. 19 $4, 821, 808. 67 5, 034, 176. 18 St. Louis engineer----...... ---------- .- 53, 260. 55 26, 630. 25 8, 780, 360. 56 8, 860, 251.36 Memphis engineer-----------. - 26, 848, 160. 41 4, 599, 021. 74 50, 752, 716. 12 82, 199, 898. 27 Vicksburg engineer-------- - ----.... 36, 182, 231. 40 6, 069, 384. 83 38, 824, 527. 56 81, 076, 143. 79 Second New Orleans--.------.----- 30, 427, 418. 44 4, 374, 063. 46 82, 772, 749. 03 117, 574, 230. 93 Total_ ------------------------ 96, 969, 119. 25 16, 306, 334. 55 185, 952, 161. 94 299, 227, 615. 74 Total United States funds expended under supervision of the president, Mississippi River Commission, for all purposes, including revetments, levees, dredging, surveys, etc., from June 28, 1879, to June 30, 1930, is $230,725,529.57. FLOODWAYS AND SPILL WAY Birds Point-New Madrid flood way.-A report on a plan to care for the drainage intercepted by the west-side levee of this flood way, based on a comprehensive survey, has been submitted and approved. Specifications have been approved for the intercepting drainage channels and appurtenant structures. Location survey for the set- back levee was completed and possession of the necessary rights of way granted. All suits have been filed to secure title to rights of way for setback levee and about two-thirds of suits for title to ditch rights of way. Construction of all the setback levee is now under contract. Proposals for the construction of intercepting drainage channels have been issued. Abstracts have been prepared, by con- tract, for all lands in the flood way and the rights of way for the setback levee and intercepting drainage ditches. Various hydraulic .studies regarding frequency of flooding and other subjects were made. Boeuf Basin.-Survey for the location of the protection levees has been made. Abstracts of title to all the land required for the Monroe Circle and Monroe Circle west levees and to most of the land required for the Luna to Eudora and Oak Grove to Wisner levees have been obtained. Bids for the construction of the levees on the Monroe Circle and the Luna to Lake Village section of the Luna to Eudora line have been received, but no awards have been made. Atchafalaya Basin.-A report on land data has been compiled covering rights of way of levee locations on the land in the Atcha- falaya Basin in the Bayou des Glaises loop and on the lands in the Bayou Rouge, Bayou Courtableau, Maringouin, and Lower Tensas backwater areas. A canvass has been made to determine the number of inhabitants on the land in the basin between the proposed protec- tion levees in the Atchafalaya backwater areas and in the lower Tensas backwater area below. Sicily Island. Topographic surveys and various examinations and hydraulic studies have been carried out. The securing of rights of way for the projects progressed as far as the necessary surveys, preparation of plats and descriptions, and 2074 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 delivery of abstracts of title to the office of the Attorney General's representative. Bids for the construction of the Washington to Courtableau levee and of the Maringotiin to Ramah levee line have been received, but no awards have been made. Bonnet Carre 8pillcy.--A hydraulic laboratory was set up and tests were- made to determine the most effective and economical'cross. section of structure, backwater heights, the length and nature of pro- tection against scour, the details of foundation requirements, the resistance against sliding, and the protection necessary to guard against excessive seepage. A study of clearing requirements and a record of vegetation growths was made. Hydraulic computations were made to determine the flow in the approach channel over the weir in the flood way, and the gage relationship between Carrollton and Bonnet Carre. The hydraulic, foundation, and clearing tests were completed and the temporary hydraulic station was dis- continued. Land descriptions and abstracts of title for the land required for rights of way and for flowage rights were forwarded to the United States district attorney and condemnation proceedings were insti- tuted in the Federal. court. Detailed plans and specifications for the spillway structure and side levees were approved by the Chief of Engineers, the work was advertised, and contracts awarded for the construction thereof. Construction work had started on the Bonnet Carre spillway side levees at the beginning of the fiscal year, and at the end of the year the two dry-land sections were about 60 per cent complete, 2 miles in length, and the two swamp sections about 40 per cent complete. This: latter percentage covers practically all cut-off ditches, and 21/4 miles of hydraulic fill. Contracts were let and construction work started on the spillway structure in August, 1929. At the end of the year both upper and lower abutments had been completed, 80 per cent of the excavation was made, all steel sheet and wood piling had been, driven, and concrete work on the structure itself was 75 per cent complete. A contract for service bridges and needles has been let,. but work has not yet started. The following tables give in detail the status of work at end of the fiscal year: Spillway structure Estimated Total quan- Per cent Items tities to complet- quantities date ed to date Common excavation .. ..................... cubic yards._ ....--------------------------- 420, 000 332, 296 79. 1 Back fill .......................................------------------------------------------ do.... 8, 100 2,624 32. 4 Levee fill............ .... .........----------------------------------------- do ... 75, 000 61,250 81. T Steel-sheet piling, delivered .....----------------------- square feet-. 600, 000 583, 105 100. 0 Steel-sheet piling, placed ......------------------------------ do.... 00, 000 583,105 100. O0 Wood piling, placed...-----------------------------linear feet__ 750, 000 746, 280 100. 0' Class A concrete, placed.......---..------------------------cubic yards.. 104, 000 78, 581 75. 6 Riprap, placed_ ----------------------------- tons.. 128, 000 22, 613 17. 7 Gravel (or spalls) except for concrete, placed ---------------.. do.... 70, 000 21, 251 30. 4 Castings, placed pounds_. 532, 000 ....---------------------------------- 361, 635 68. 0 Bolts, etc., placed......-----------------------------------do... 75, 000 48, 048 64.1 Reinforcing steel, placed.........................------------------------------do... 280, 000 253, 359 90.5- Ladder rods, placed --------------------------------- do-.... 6, 200 3, 627 58. & ------------------------------- Structural steel, placed........ do.... 500, 000 8, 018 1. 6 Stel-ahaet piling, cut-off ..... _. ...... ............ - 91 .............. Wdood:piling, cut-off------- ------- .. 11, 076-1,076 Class B concrete (revetment), placed--- -__--___---cubicyards.__ 23, 000 693 3.0 Reinforcing mesh, placed.---. _ __-.----__ __.pounds._ --- 122, 000 1,263 1.0 Copper-bearing steel reinforcement, placed--.. . - ...... .do .... 537, 000 17, 732 3. 3 aIVE cOMMInsioN MIsSISSIPPIr 2075 Sime Je ees Estimated Total in Per cent Section total under place complete contract place to date Cubic yards Cubic yards, 1. Lower highland.....................-------------------------------------------... 560, 000 325, 000 58. 0 2. Upper highland.....................................------------------------------------------- 400,000 249, 000 60. 4 :3. Lower swamp: Hydraulic fi Superimposed fill ---------------------------------------- 2,300,000 ..................---------------------------------- 250, 000 1,535,000 0 .. 66. 7 Cut-off ditches...---------------------------------------- 360, 000 506,000 93. 5 4. Upper swamp: Hydraulic fill ---------------------------------------- ... ................. 3,000,000 438,000 14. 6 Superimposed fill --------------------------------------- 310, 000 0 Cut-off ditches------..... ---------------------------------- 1 470, 000 704, 000 99. 5 1 50 per cent excess permissible. FLOOD OF 1929 The levee system of the alluvial valley from Cape Girardeau to the Passes successfully withstood for the first time in history without a catastrophe, a flood exceeding that of 1922. Similar river heights have never occurred before without crevasses. An expenditure of less than one-thirteenth of the $325,000,000 to be expended in pre- venting a repetition of the damages caused by the 1927 flood has made the levees safe against moderate floods as that of 1929. Every weak .place in the levee line has been strengthened in the first year of the flood-control project. About 90 miles of lowest and weakest levee sections have been repaired and strengthened since the 1927 flood. Twenty miles of revetment have been placed over points where erosion threatened the levees. The local levee districts maintained an excellent and improved patrol system. Virtually every foot of the levees was under con- stant surveillance at the time of danger. The United States assisted with plant and labor at such places as the safety of the levees was threatened. The fight was carried on so successfully that there were no breaks in the Federal levees. The flood of 1929 was one of long duration, beginning early in March. High-river stages prevailed throughout the entire length of the Mississippi River from Rock Island, Ill., to the Passes, Louis- iana, through the months of March, April, May, and part of June. From Rock Island to Grafton, Ill., the river was at the highest stage that it had been for many years, arid on the lower river in many places the stages were exceeded only by the great flood of 1927. The cost of the flood fight to the United States amounted to about three-fourths of a million dollars. Some of the most dangerous places below Cape Girardeau, Mo., which were saved by the work of the local agencies in patrolling the levees and quick action on the part of the Army engineers in preventing serious disaster were at Knowl- ton, Ark., Reelfoot, Ky., Mounds and Greenville, Miss., and Vaucluse, Ark. Crest stages of the 1929 flood on Mississippi River gages were 14.2 feet at-Roek Island, Ill., on April 20 and 21; 34.6 feet at St. Louis, Mo., on April 28; 52.7 feet at Cairo, Ill., on May 19; 41.5 feet at Mem- phis, Tenn., onMay 22 to 28; 58.8 feet at Arkansas City, Ark., on May 2076 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 29 to 31; 55.2 feet at Vicksburg, Miss., on June 6 and 7; 52.4 feet at Angola, La., on June 8 to 13; and 20 feet at Carrollton, La., on June 8 and 9, 1929. SESSIONS Two sessions of the Mississippi River Commission were held dur- ing the 12 months ending June 30, 1930, the one hundred and ninety- first December: 2 to 9, 1929, and the one hundred and ninety-second April 28 to May 5, 1930, were held on the steamer Mississippi from St. Louis, Mo., to New Orleans, La. Public hearings were given to representatives of navigation, levee, commercial, and other interests at these sessions. PROPOSED OPERATIONS Prosecution of flood-control work on the Mississippi River and tributaries as set forth by the approved project, under the direction of the Secretary of War and supervision of the Chief of Engineers, United States Army. COMMERCIAL STATISTICS The tonnage of water-borne traffic on the Mississippi River from Cairo, Ill., to New Orleans, La., is divided into three stretches aggregating 975 miles.- Beginning with January 1, 1929, the data has been compiled in the office of the district engineer, St. Louis engi- neer district. Prior to that date the statistics were compiled by the commission. Comparative statement of traffic for calendar years Year Short tons Value First stretch, Cairo, Ill., to Memphis, Tenn. (227 miles): 1924..................................................................--------------------------------------------------------. 1,153,021 $87,404,116 1925 -------------------------------------------------------- 1,688,654 105,818,559 1926.................----------------------------------------..........---------------............... 1,660,188 95, 261,086 1927-------------...........................................................-----------------------------------------2,144,317 126,507,317 1928- ......----------........-----------------------........---------....----------........ 2, 531,256 150, 989,164 1929 --------------------------------------------- ---------- 2,328,334 150,050,769 Second stretch, Memphis, Tenn., to Vicksburg, Miss. (375 miles): 1924---------.........---.......---......................................------------------------------------- 1,666, 440 126, 756, 725 1925 ------------------------------------------------------- 3,212,259 155,487,239 ..............................-----------...--...-----.......---------.. 1926---------- 4, 792, 780 179, 439, 744 1927 -------------------------------------------------------- 4,358,097 213,025,604 .... 1928--- ------ ----------------------------------------------- 4,803,840 253, 687, 080 1929 ..-------------------------------------------------------- 2,835,060 230,838,787 Third stretch, Vicksburg, Miss., to New Orleans, La. (373 miles). Includes foreign and coastwise traffic, Baton Rouge to New Orleans: ----------------------------------------- 1924...................---------------............................. 7, 633, 277 224, 848, 054 1925........ .. .... ........-------------------------------------------------------- 9,101,650 284,946,808 1926 _ ------------------------------------------------------- .......... 11,074, 488 304,247, 453 1927..........-------------............. 8, 816, 745 271, 794, 512 ..........------------------------------------------- 1928------------- ---------........--....-------------------- 8, 654, 626 287, 872, 682 1929..............................--------------------------------------------------------7, 727,383 224,885,339 MOVING OFFICE OF PRESIDENT, MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION In accordance with instructions received from the Chief of Engi- neers, the office of the president, Mississippi River Commission, was moved from St. Louis, Mo., to Vicksburg, Miss., between December 1 and 23, 1929. The moving of the office equipment and the ex- MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2077 haustive engineering records of the commission was accomplished with Government floating plant. On December 7, 1929, the office of the commission was in Vicksburg with a nucleus of the personnel for the transaction of routine administrative business. From that date until March 29, 1930, when the present quarters were completed, the office was maintained on two quarter boats moored at the Vicks- burg public landing. The building now occupied by the commis- sion was constructed by the Vicksburg engineer district and is lo- cated in the Vicksburg National Military Park. * WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION Under instructions issued June 18, 1929, by the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, for the establishment of a hydraulic laboratory in the alluvial valley of the Mississippi River, a station was estab- lished at Memphis, Tenn., adjacent to the shop and depot of the Memphis engineer district and functioned at that location until December, 1929, when the station was transferred under authority of the Chief of Engineers to Vicksburg, Miss., and placed under the direct supervision of the president, Mississippi River Commis- sion. A suitable site for the proper functioning of the station was selected near the city of Vicksburg; Contracts were awarded for clearing the sites for the dam, spillway and reservoir, work begin- ning on April 25 and was completed June 20, 1930. Construction of the dam and spillway is under way. Experiments relative to backwater, seepage in levees movement of sediment, and related subjects have been carried on by the station personnel. ESTIMATE OF FUNDS REQUIRED The " act for the control of floods on the Mississippi River and its tributaries," approved May 15, 1928, states that-- The sum of $325,000,000 is hereby authorized to be appropriated for this purpose. The president of the Mississippi River Commission recommends that appropriations be made under the adopted project at the rate of about $35,000,000 per year. The $35,000,000 authorized under act of May 28, 1930, and all balances of earlier appropriations unexpended July 1, 1930, can be profitably expended in the fiscal year beginning that date. The balances referred to will be needed to pay outstand- ing liabilities, to cover contracts, and incidental expenses. The president of the commission recommends an appropriation of $35,000,000 for the fiscal year 1932. T. H. JACKSON, Brigadier General, Corps of Engineers, President Mississippi River Commission. :2078 REPORT OF OHIEF OF ENGINEEB -V. ,.ARMY, 1930 MONEY STATEMENTS Appropriations expended nder Mississippi River Commission APPROPRIATION~ O LOOl CONWTrOL, LIBESSr8IP I RIV3W .July 1, 1929, balance unexpended ------------------------- $2, 023, 800.10 Allotted this fiscal year under War Department appropriation act approved April 15, 1926 -------------------------------- 1.75 .June 30, 1930, amount to be accounted for ,023, 800. 85 2------------------ June 30, 1930, deductions--- ----------------------------- 0. 00 .June 30, 1930, net amount to be accounted for---------------- 2, 023, 800. 85 Gross expenditures this fiscal year------------$1, 423, 542. 21 Less receipts from sales this fiscal year 555. 00 Net expenditures this fiscal year--------------------------- 1, 422, 987. 21 .June 30, 1930, balance unexpended 00, 818. 64 6--------------------------- June 30, 1930, outstanding liabilities less accounts receivable...---------------------------------- .25, 748. 92 June 30, 1930, amount covered by uncompleted contracts ..----------------..----------------- 117, 025. 19 June 30, 1930, total outstanding. -------------------------- 142, 774. 11 June 30, 1930, balance available ---------------------------- _ 458, 039. 53 iBalance available for new project distributed as follows: Rock Island engineer district-- Levees, Des Moines River to LaGrange, Mo. (Des Moines-Mississippi levee dis- trict No 1, Missouri)-Act of Mar. 23, 1928 -------------------------------- 54, 826. 74 54, 826. 74 St. Louis engineer .district- Surveys, gages and observations (act of Mar. 23, 1928) ----------------------- 16, 226. 47 16, 226. 47 Memphis engineer district- Mississippi levees, including levee work around Cairo and certain levees neces- sary to keep water out of St. Francis Basin (act of Mar. 23, 1928) 1, 893. 37 Revetments (act of Feb. 23, 1927) Revetments (act of Mar. 23, 1928).... -.... 3, 747. 97 26, 132. 17 31, 773. 51 Second New Orleans district- Rights of way, flowage and damages Bonnet Carre (act of Mar. 23, 1928)__ 355, 212. 81 355, 212. 81 458, 039. 53 1 From the $10,000,000 appropriated under War Department appropriation act of Apr. 15, 1926, to June 30, 1929, $40,879.15 had been deducted under provisions of act of Apr. 17, 1926, for survey for the control of excess flood waters of the Mississippi River below ,been Point Breeze in Louisiana and on the Atchafalaya outlet. Of the $40,879.15, which had allotted to the second district. New Orleans. La. (formerly New Orleans river dis- trict), for this work, $0.75 was revoked Aug. 10, 1929, Serial No. C-5354, ED 3121 (New Orleans D. O.) 168 and P-3241-150, and became available for flood-control -work. This $0.75 was allotted to the second New Orleans district ifor construction of Bonnet 'Carte spillway, Oct. 26, 1929, Serial No. C-5489, ED 3121 tNew Orleans 2d D. 0.) 173 and P-3241-169 See D 1983, Annual Report for fiscal year 1929. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2079 APPROPRIATIONS FOB FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES July 1, 1929, balance unexpended---------------------- $26, 622,285.07 Allotted this fiscal year under War Department appropriation acts as follows: Act approved February 28, 1929_.------- $7, 723,735.94 Act approved May 28, 1930--------------28, 550,233. 67 36, 273, 969. 61 June 30, 1930, amount to be accounted for------------------ 62, 896, 254. 68 Revoked this fiscal year under War Department appropriation act approved February 28, 1929--------------- -------- 4, 126, 035. 94 June 30, 1930, net amount to be accounted for________ ____-58, 770, 218. 74 Gross amount expended this fiscal year-------$22, 258, 664. 78 Less receipts from sales this fiscal year -------- 112, 963. 30 Net expenditures this fiscal year ----- _________ 22, 145, 701. 48 June 30, 1930, balance unexpended----____-- June 30, 1930, outstanding liabilities less ac- __------------ 36, 624,517.26 counts receivable ------------------------- $59, 595. 47 June 30, 1930, amount covered by uncompleted contracts------------------ ----------- 17, 755, 045. 51 June 30, 1930, total outstanding_ ___--___--------17, 814, 640. 98 June 30, 1930, balance available ----------------------- _ 18, 809, 876. 28 Balance available for new project distributed as follows: President's office- Mississippi River Commission (act of Feb. 28, 1929)__ 189, 839. 53 Allotments to office, Chief of Engineers, for Mississippi River Commission work : Act of Feb. 28, 1929_. . ..... .. ____ .......... 2, 094. 78 Act of May 28, 1930 ----------------------- 18, 300. 00 Hydraulic laboratory (act of Feb. 28, 1929) ---------- 129, 128. 29 Total----------------------------------------- 339, 362. 60 Rock Island engineer district- Levees, Warsaw to Quincy, Ill., Lima Lake drainage district, Illinois (act of Feb. 28, 1929)------------ 2, 379. 36 Levees, Warsaw to Quincy, Ill, Indian Grave Levee and drainage district, Illinois (act of Feb. 28, 1929)__ 115, 000. 00 Levees, Quincy to Hamburg Bay, Ill., South Quincy drainage district, Illinois (act of Feb. 28, 1929)_ 69, 313. 18 Levees, Mouth of Iowa River to Burlington, Iowa, Iowa River-Flint Creek levee district No. 16, Iowa (act of Feb. 28, 1929) ------------------------------------ 15, 994. 67 Levees, LaGrange to mouth of Missouri River, Fabius River, Mississippi River and North River, Marion County drainage district, Missouri (act of Feb. 28. 1929) -- __----------------- ------------------ 56, 667. 00 Surveys, gages and observations (act of Feb. 28, 1929) -_ 1, 010. 47 Surveys, gages and observations (act of May 28, 1930)_ 7, 000. 00 Total------------------------------ ---------- 267, 364.68 St. Louis engineer district- Levees, Illinois River (South Beardstown drainage and levee district, Beardstown, Ill.) -deficiency act of May 29, 1928----------------------------------- 3, 417. 44 Surveys, gages, and observations (act of Feb. 28, 1929)_ 2, 000. 00 Surveys, gages, and observations (act of May 28, 1930)__ 5, 000. 00 Reconstruction and repair of levees, Illinois River (Beardstown, Ill.)--act of Feb. 28, 1929 ----... 66, 000.00 11714---E1N 1930-----131 2080 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Balance available for new project distributed as follows-Continued. St. Louis engineer district--Continued. Levees, Mississippi River, Ste. Genevieve levee district No. 1. Ste. Genevieve County, Mo. (act of Feb. 28, 1929)-------------------------------------- $12, 500. 00 Levee repair work, Wood River drainage and levee district, Madison County, Ill. (act of Feb. 28, 1929)__ 34, 162. 27 Levees, Clear Creek drainage and levee district, Union and Alexander Counties, Ill. (act of Feb. 28, 1929)__ 94, 000. 00 Levees, Illinois River, Kamp Creek, etc., Little Creek drainage and levee district, Brown County, Ill. (act of Feb. 28, 1929) --------- _____------------------- 17, 066.33 Levees, Illinois River, Kamp Creek, etc., Little Creek drainage and levee district, Brown County, Ill. (act of May 28, 1930) ------------- ----- 106, 933. 67 Total-------- --------------------------- 341, 079. 71 Memphis engineer district- Mississippi levees, including levee work around Cairo aInu certain levees necessary to Keep water out ou St. ]Francis Basin (act of May 28, 1930) ------------ 2, 532, 932. 78 Rightss of way flood-way levees (act of Feb. 28, 1929)__ 54, 566. 39 Flowa ge flood ways (act of Feb. 28, 1929) ------- 10, 138. 98 Reveti ments (act of May 28, 1930)------------------- 1,714, 758. 42 Contraaction works (act of May 28, 1930) ____---- - 1, 120, 102. 75 Dredging (act of Feb. 28. 1929) --------------------- 255, 424. 31 Dredg ing (act of May 28, 1930) --------------------- 750, 000. 00 Mappi ing (act of May 29, 1928) ------------------- 5, 877. 47 Mappi ing (act of Feb. 28, 1929) ----- ____------88, 000. 00 Mappi .ng (act of May 28, 1930) ----------------------- 75, 000. 00 Surve;ys, gages, and observations (act of May 28, 1930) 122, 649. 71 Drain;ages, Birds Point-New Madrid flood way: (.Act of Feb. 28, 1929) -------------------------- 31, 010. 65 (1Act May 28, 1930) ------------------------- 450, 000. 00 Total ------------------------------------ 7, 210, 461.46 Vicksburg engineer district- Levees, Mississippi River, Miss., La., and Ark. (act of May 28, 1930)- 3, 315, 082. 76 Levees, south bank Arkansas River, Ark. (act of May 28, 1930) 1, 172, 114. 51 Levees, Boeuf Basin, La. and Ark. (act of Feb. 28, 1929) 2, 629. 52 Rights of way on Arkansas River, Ark. (act of Feb. 28, 1929) ----- 14, 560. 95 Revetments (act of Feb. 28, 1929) --------------- 334, 449. 46 Revetments (act of May 28, 1930) 1, 600, 000. 00 Mapping (act of Feb. 28, 1929) ___-__ 6, 373. 23 Mapping (act of May 28, 1930) ------------- 75, 000. 00 Surveys, gages, and observations (act of Feb. 28, 1929). 6, 446. 84 Surveys, gages, and observations (act of May 28, 1930)_ 146, 000. 00 Levees (under section 6, act of May 15, 1928)-Levee construction, Yazoo River in Atchafalaya drainage and levee district, Yazoo and Humphreys Counties, Miss. (act of Feb. 28, 1929) 90, 000. 00 Contraction works (act of May 29, 1928)- 2, 175. 17 Contraction works (act of May 28, 1930)- 50, 000. 00 Dredging surveys (act of May 28, 1930).__ 49, 900. 83 Total-------------- ---------------------- 6, 864, 733.27 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2081 Balance available for new project distributed as follows-Continued. Second New Orleans district- South bank Red (levee)-Act of Feb. 28, 1929_---__- _ $19, 648. 64 South bank Red (levee)--Act of May 28, 1930 -------- 200, 000. 0 South bank Red rights of way (levee)--Act of Feb. 28, 1929 ----------- ------------------------ 1, 199. 41 South bank Red rights of way (levee)--Act of May 28, 1930 --_------------------------------------- 20, 000. 00 Atchafalaya River levees (act of Feb. 28, 1929).-- 23, 839. 84 Atchafalaya River levees (act of May 28, 1930)_____ 250, 000. 00 East Atchafalaya Basin protection levee (act of Feb. 17, 982. 21 28, 1929) 28, 1929)--------------------------------------- 17,982.21 West Atchafalaya Basin protection levee (act of Feb. 28, 1929) -------------------------------------- 98, 706. 04 West Atchafalaya Basin protection levees (act of May 28, 1930) ------------------------------ 400,000. 00 Mississippi levees (act of May 28, 1930)--------- 1, 023, 583. 79 Revetments (act of May 28, 1930) ------------------ 1, 432, 623. 21 Construction Bonnet Carre (act of May 28, 1930) .... 129, 817. 44 Mapping (act of Feb. 28, 1929) ----------- __-----10, 940. 78 Mapping (act of May 28, 1930) _________________-_ 75, 000.00 Surveys, gages, and observations (act of Feb. 28, 1929)- 533. 20 Surveys, gages, and observations (act of May 28, 1930). 83, 000. 00 Total---------------------------------------- 3, 786, 874. 56 Grand total ------------------------------- 18, 809, 876. 28 AMOUNT THAT CAN BE PROFITABLY EXPENDED IN FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1932 The "Act for the control of floods on the Mississippi River and its tributaries," approved May 15, 1928, states that: "The sum of $325,000,000 is hereby authorized to be appropriated for this purpose." The president, Mississippi River Commission, recommends that appropriations be made under the adopted project at the rate of $35,000,000 per year. The $35,000,000 authorized under act of May 28, 1930, and all balances of earlier appropriations unexpended July 1, 1930, can be profitably expended in the fiscal year beginning that date. The balances referred to will be needed to pay out- standing liabilities, and to cover contracts and incidental expenses. The presi- dent, Mississippi River Commission, recommends an appropriation of $40,000,000 for the fiscal year 1932. APPROPRIATION FOR FLOOD PROTECTION ON WHITE RIVER, WOODRUFF AND MONROE COUNTIES, ARK. (APPROPRIATED BY PUBLIC RESOLUTION NO. 41) July 1, 1929, balance unexpended--__ ------------ ------- $3, 411.90 Allotted this fiscal year_--____-__ -------------------- 00. 00 June 30, 1930, amount to be accounted for ----------------- 3, 411. 90 Revoked this fiscal year -------------------------- _ 0. 00 June 30, 1930, net amount to be accounted for_ .________ 3, 411. 90 Gross amount expended this fiscal year _______------ $3,411. 90 Less receipts from sales this fiscal year-------------- 0.00 Net expenditures this fiscal year__----------------- _________ 3, 411.90 June 30, 1930, balance unexpended____----------O_____- _ 0. 00 2082 REPORT OF OHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 EMERGENCY FUND ~OR FLOOD CONTBOL ON TRIBUTARIES OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER July 1, 1929, balance unexpended_----x - ------------ n-d-----_ $310, 214. 63 Allotted this fiscal year under War Department appropriation acts as follows: Act approved May 29, 1928 (deficiency) ------ .$309, 395. 00 Act approved February 28, 1929- _ -_ - --- -- 222, 300. 00 531, 695.00 June 30, 1930, amount to be accounted for---- __--__-- 841, 909. 63 Revoked this fiscal year under War Department appropriation acts as follows: Act approved May 29, 1928 (deficiency) ---------- $81, 141.28 Act approved February 28, 1929---------------- 31, 498. 66 112, 639. 94 June 30, 1930, net amount to be accounted for- ------ ___-_ 729, 269. 69 Gross amount expended this fiscal year- ---------- _ 564, 859. 01 Less receipts from sales this fiscal year-............ 0. 00 Net expenditures this fiscal year-.-------.. ---- ------ _ 564, 859. 01 June 30, 1930, balance unexpended _________-_________ 164, 410. 68 June 30, 1930, outstanding liabilities less accounts receivable---- ------ ------------------------ 3, 213. 91 June 30, 1930, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts --------------------------------------- 62, 583. 36 June 30, 1930, total outstanding----- - -__- ----- 65, 797. 27 June 30, 1930, balance available_ ...... ___. -- -_ 298, 613.41 APPROPRIATION FOR REMOVING SUNKEN VESSELS OR CRAFT OBSTRUCTING OR ENDANGER- ING NAVIGATION-INDEFINITE (ACT OF MARCH 3, 1899) July 1, 1929, balance unexpended--------------------------------- $16, 807. 55 Allotted this fiscal year_ -___- _ ____________---------- -__ -- 0. 00 June 30, 1930, amount to be accounted for- ____-___ 16, 807. 55 Revoked this fiscal year_________-- _____--______-__-_____ 4, 430. 74 June 30, 1930, net amount to be accounted for-_______ -- _ 12, 376. 81 Gross amount expended this fiscal year- -_____-- - $12, 376. 81 Less receipts from sales this fiscal year-------------- 0. 00 Net expenditures this fiscal year-- ---------- 12, 376. 81 June 30, 1930, balance unexpended_ -- __--------------- 0. 00 2Appropriated for work partly under direction of Mississippi River Commission and partly not under its supervision. See financial statements pp. 2160 to, 2175 for distribu- tion of expenditures, balance available, etc. S Includes $311,338.08 expended under direction of Mississippi River Commission and $253,520.93 expended not under its supervision. APPROPRIATION FOR GAGING WAEB8 OF THE S ISSII RIIPP ,T+4)TT ICJ iS' July 1, 1929, balance unexpended- -- ----------------------- ---- $0. 00 Amount allotted by Chief of Engineers, from permanent annual appropriation made by section 6 of river and harbor act of Aug. 11, 1888, as amended by section 9 of river and harbor act of June 13, 1902-------------------------------------- 9, 250. 00 Amount to be accounted for ---------------------- 9, 250. 00 June 30, 1930, net expenditures during fiscal year------------------------------------- $9, 250. 00 June 30, 1930, amount reverted to Treasury during fiscal year_____----------- 0. 00 9, 250. 00 June 30, 1930, balance unexpended -------------------- 0. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932-------------------------------------------- 9,100.00 ITEMIZED STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1930, SUBMITTED IN COMPLIANCE WITH REQUIREMENT OF SECTION 6 OF RIVER AND HARBOR ACT OF AUGUST 11, 1888 Observations : Pay of permanent gage observers - $6, 845. 00 __---------------- Inspections and repairs: Inspection, maintenance, and repair of gages --- ____ - 1, 433.76 Office expenses and contingencies: Pay of engineers, survey men, etc----------------------- 971.24 Total 9,------------------------ 9, 250. 00 FUNDS CONTRIBUTED FOR IMPROVEMENT OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT MOUND CITY, ILL. (SPECIAL FUND)-SEC. 4, RIVER AND HARBOR ACT OF MARCH 4, 1915 July 1, 1929, balance unexpended _..------ -------- ____-___ $0. 00 Contributed this fiscal year (received by Memphis engineer district) , 604. 00 6---------------------------- June 30, 1930, amount to be accounted for__----- 6, 604.00 Deductions this fiscal year______-------------------------- 0. 00 June 30, 1930, net amount to be accounted for-------------- 6, 604. 00 Gross amount expended this fiscal year-__ ______-- - $6, 481. 92 Less receipts from sales this fiscal year ____-___- - 0. 00 Net expenditures this fiscal year------------------___--- 6, 481. 92 June 30, 1930, balance unexpended__-------------__ -- 122. 08 June 30, 1930, outstanding liabilities less accounts receivable--------------------------------------- 122. 08 June 30, 1930, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts --------------------------------------------- 0. 00 June 30, 1930, total outstanding------------__-___-_____ 122. 08 June 30, 1930, balance available--------------- ------------ 0. 00 , The custody and care of the gages maintained under this appropriation were assumed by the Mississippi River Commission Feb. 11, 1901, on which date they were transferred to the secretary, Mississippi River Commission, under authority of Secretary of War, dated Jan. 25, 1901. Allotment made to the secretary, Mississippi River Commission, for fiscal year 1929 was revoked on July 28, 1928, and funds were reallotted to the Mem- phis engineer district, Vicksburg engineer district, and New Orleans river district, to which districts the care of the gages maintained under this appropriation was transferred. The care of gages maintained under this appropriation was transferred to the Memphis engineer district effective July 1, 1930, the Vicksburg engineer district and second New Orleans district (formerly New Orleans river district) being then relieved of this responsibility. R4 EPORT OPP j~i ARMY, 1930 .~i. SISSIPPI DELTA LEVEE DISTRICT (SPECIAL FUND) July 1, 1929, balance unexpended--- ------------- $28, 390.50 Contributed this fiscal year (received by Memphis engineer district) --------------------------------------------- -- 2, 400. 00 June 30, 1930, amount to be accounted for.--------------. 30, 790. 50 Deductions this fiscal year_-------------------------- ---- 0. 00 June 30, 1930, net amount to be accounted for__----- 30, 790. 50 Gross amount expended this fiscal year-- $27, 429. 57 Less receipts from sales this fiscal year------------ 0. 00 Net expenditures this fiscal year . ___________--------- 27, 429. 57 June 30, 1930, balance unexpended------------------- 3,360. 93 June 30, 1930, amount covered by uncompleted contracts--------- 1, 500. 00 June 30, 1930, balance available_-- ...--. - ---------- 1, 860. 93 FUNDS CONTRIBUTED FOR IMPROVEMENT OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER IN LOUISIANA (FIFTH LOUISIANA LEVEE DISTRICT) -SPECIAL FUND July 1, 1929, balance unexpended_ _------- --- ___ $13, 292.00 Contributed this fiscal year ------------------ -------- 0. 00 June 30, 1930, amount to be accounted for---- 13, 292. 00 --------------- Deductions this fiscal year______________ __0. 00 June 30, 1930, net amount to be accounted for------------. 13, 292. 00 Gross amount expended this fiscal year------------ $13, 292.00 Less receipts from sales this fiscal year -- _ 0. 00 Net expenditures this fiscal year------------------------ 13, 292. 00 . June 30, 1930, balance unexpended_--- -----..-- __ -_ 0. 00 FUNDS CONTRIBUTED BY LOCAL LEVEE DISTRICTS FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER (SPECIAL FUND) July 1, 1929, balance unexpended_- ----------------------- $80, 128. 24 Contributed this fiscal year (received by Rock Island engineer district) --------------------------------------------- 59, 250. 00 June 30, 1930, amount to be accounted for--------------- 139, 378. 24 Returned to contributors this fiscal year: By St. Louis engineer district _______--$3, 860. 40 By Memphis engineer district '--------- 2, 964. 26 June 30, 1930, total deductions__-------------------- ------ 6, 824. 66 June 30, 1930, net amount to be accounted for ----------- 132, 553. 58 Gross amount expended this fiscal year- ------- 78, 864. 77 Less receipts from sales this fiscal year -------- 0. 00 Net expenditures this fiscal year ---------------------- ----- 78, 864. 77 June 30, 1930, balance ,unexpended-----__-____-- -- 53,688. 81 ' Contributed by Des Moines-Mississippi levee district No. 1 Missouri, in August, 1929, to meet allotments of United States funds amounting to $114,500 (act of Feb. 23, 1927, $41.805.57; and act of Mar. 23, 1928 $76,694.43). *Returned to contributor, Preston levee drainage district, Illinois, by Treasury settle- ment, June 7, 1980. SReturned to contributor, White River levee district, by Treasury settlement, Dec. 18, 1929. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2085 June 30, 1930, outstanding liabilities less ac- counts receivable------------------------ $8, 027. 69 June 30, 1930, amount covered by uncompleted contracts ----------------------------- 18, 252. 76 June 30, 1930, total outstanding-------------------- -------- $26, 280. 45 June 30, 1930, balance available------------------------ 27, 408.36 FUNDS CONTRIBUTED BY LOCAL LEVEE DISTRICTS FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES (SPECIAL FUND) July 1, 1929, balance unexpended__ __ $32, 582. 59 Contributed this fiscal year: Received by Rock Island engineer district 8- $53, 623. 00 Received by St. Louis engineer district ___ 65, 500. 00 119, 123. 00 June 30, 1930, amount to be accounted for--------------- 151, 705. 59 Returned to contributor this fiscal year by Rock Island engineer district 10 --------------------- 1, 900. 00 June 30, 1930, net amount to be accounted for ---------- 149, 805. 59 Gross amount expended this fiscal year------ 32, 056. 99 Less receipts from sales this fiscal year__ 0. 00 Net expenditures this fiscal year____________ __-_______--32, 056. 99 June 30, 1930, balance, unexpended_ ________ -__- - 117, 748.60 June 30, 1930, outstanding liabilities less ac- counts receivable _______________--_____-310. 50 June 30, 1930, amount covered by uncompleted contract 22, 305. 02 June 30, 1930, total outstanding------------------------ 22, 615. 52 June 30, 1930, balance available----------------------------- 95, 133.08 Consolidated statement of all appropriations expended under the Mississippi River Commission to June 30, 1930 APPROPRIATIONS FOR MISSISSIPPI RIVER Act of June 28, 1879 (organic) ----------------------------- $175, 000. 00 Act of June 16, 1880 (sundry civil) ----------- 150, 000, 00 Act of Mar. 3, 1881 (river and harbor) ---------------------- 1, 000, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 3, 1881 (sundry civil) 150, 000. 00 Act of Aug. 2, 1882 (river and harbor) - - - 4, 123, 000. 00 Act of Aug. 7, 1882 (sundry civil)----------------- 150, 000. 00 8 Includes contributions this fiscal year as follows: By Lima Lake drainage district, Illinois_..... ____-----_____ -- $2, 250. 00 By Indian Grave levee and drainage district, Illinois----------.. -- 4, 900. 00 By South Quincy drainage and levee district, Illinois --------- - 9, 000. 00 By Keithsburg drainage district, Keithsburg, Ill_--------------__-- 1, 140. 00 By Iowa River-Flint Creek levee district No. 16, Iowa ------ __-- 8, 000. 00 By Marion County drainage district, Missouri---_---_------------- 28, 333. 00 Total-------- ----------------------------------- 00 53, 623. 9 Includes contributions this fiscal year as follows: By Wood River drainage and levee district, Madison County, Ill By city of Beardstown, Ill., for reconstruction and repair of levees, --. $31, 000. 00 Illinois River----..--..------------- - 33, 000. 00 By Ste. Genevieve levee district No. 1, Ste. Genevieve County, Mo.... 1, 500. 00 Total---------- ----------------------------------- 65, 500. 00 10Returned to contributor, Indian Grave levee and drainage district, Illinois, by treasury settlement, Apr. 4, 1930. 2086 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Act of Mar. 3, 1883 (sundry civil) ----------------- $150, 000.00 Act of Jan. 19, 1884 -------------- -------------------- 1, 000, 000,00 Act of July 5, 1884 (river and harbor)------------------------ 75, 000.00. Act of July 5, 1884 (river and harbor), less $5,000 transferred to snag-boat service----- ----------------------------- --- 2, 065, 000.00 Act of July 7, 1884 (sundry civil) -------------------------- 75, 000.00. Act of Aug. 5, 1886 (river and harbor), less $5,942.60 for ex- penses, office, Chief of Engineers -------------------- 1, 994, 057. 40 Act of Aug. 5, 1886 (river and harbor), less $47.30 for expenses, office, Chief of Engineers____--------------------------------- 29, 952.70 Act of Aug. 11, 1888 (river and harbor), less $4,859 for ex- penses, office, Chief of Engineers------------------------ 2, 840,141.00 Act of Aug. 11, 1888 (river and harbor) - _____------75, 000. 00 Act of Oct. 2, 1888 (sundry civil) ------------------------- 35, 000.00 Act of Oct. 19, 1888 (deficiency), less $4,214.39 reverted to the Treasury ---------------------------------- 20, 785. 61 Act of Sept. 19, 1890 (river and harbor) --------------------- 3, 200, 000. 00 Act of Sept. 30, 1890 (deficiency) -________-5, 625.00 Act of Mar. 3, 1891 (deficiency) ___ -1, 950.00 Joint resolution approved Mar. 3, 1891 (Public, No. 19) -------- 1, 000, 000.00 Act of July 13, 1892 (river and harbor) __---------------------- 2, 470, 000. 00 Act of July 28, 1892 (deficiency) ______----- ___--------------44. 80 Act of Mar. 3, 1893 (sundry civil) -------------------------- 2, 665, 000.00 Act of, Aug. 18, 1894 (river and harbor) ---------------- 485, 000. 00 Act of Aug. 18, 1894 (sundry civil) -_________- - - ___ 2, 665, 000.00 Act of Mar. 2, 1895 (sundry civil) _________________________ 2, 665, 000. 00 Act of June 3, 1896 (river and harbor) ------------------------ 909, 000.00 Joint resolution approved Mar. 31, 1897 (Public, No. 6) Act of June 4, 1897 (sundry civil) -------------------------- -------- 250, 000. 00 2, 933, 333.00 Act of July 19, 1897 (deficiency) __ 625, 000.00 Act of July 1, 1898 (sundry civil) __-------------------------- 1, 983, 333.00 Act of Mar. 3, 1899 (sundry civil) -------------------------- 2, 583, 333. 00 Act of Mar. 3, 1899 (river and harbor) ------------------------ 185, 000. 00 Act of June 6, 1900 (sundry civil), less $5,000 for expenses, office, Chief of Engineers____________________________ 2, 245, 000. 00 Act of June 13, 1902 (river and harbor) --------------------- 2, 200, 000.00 Act of Mar. 3, 1903 (sundry civil) -------------------------- 2, 000, 000.00 Act of Apr. 28, 1904 (sundry civil) _------------------------- 2, 000, 000.00 Act of Mar. 3, 1905 (river and harbor) __-- --------- 1, 000, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 3, 1905 (sundry civil) -------------------------- 2, 000, 000.00 Act of June 30, 1906 (sundry civil) ------------------------ 2, 000, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 2, 1907 (river and harbor) ----- _ 3, 000, 000. 00 Act of May 27, 1908 (sundry civil) ------------------------- 2.000, 000.00 Act of Mar. 4, 1909 (sundry civil) -------------------------- 2, 000, 000. 00 Act of June 25, 1910 (sundry civil) ------------------------- 2, 000, 000. 00 Act of June 25, 1910 (river and harbor) 2, 000, 000.00 Act of Feb. 27, 1911 (river and harbor) ---------------------- ___ 3, 000, 000.00 Act of July 25, 1912 (river and harbor), $6, 000, 000 less $1,443,944.83 expended for rebuilding levees, under joint reso- lution of Apr. 30, 1912____________________________________ 4,556, 055. 17 Act of July 25, 1912 (river and harbor) ----------------------- 30.000.00 Act of Mar. 4, 1913 (river and harbor) ----------------------- 6, 000, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 4, 1913 (river and harbor) _____ __ -200, 000.00 Act of July 27, 1916 (river and harbor) ----------------------- 6, 000, 000. 00 Total specific appropriations ______ _____________ 82, 965, 610. 68 Balances from former appropriations applied to works below Cairo under act of Aug. 2, 1882, less $123.42 reverted to Treasury __________ $272, 504. 96 Same for works above Cairo, under act of July 5, 1884------ --------------------------- 22, 632.53 Total balances ____---2,.__9 _ 295,137.49 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2087 Amount, $15.76, arising from refundments pertaining to extinct or unknown allotments, less debit of Treasury settlement No. 13704, Dec. 26, 1900, $1.74, as reported by the Chief of Engi- neers, U. S. Army, June 23, 1916 (credited to allotment for "Mississippi River Commission" December, 1916) --------- $14.02 83, 260, 762. 19 Miscellaneous receipts previously reported-------------------- 305, 355. 92 Total to be accounted for-------- --------------- 83, 566, 118. 11 EXPENDED (MISSISSIPPI RIVER) Location and object To June 30, 1927 Mississippi River Commission_-----............ ......-.-.-.-.-.-.-..------- $1, 098, 471. 91 Surveys, gages and observations_---- --.....-.-.-.....-.-....- _ 3, 124, 874. 17 Examination from Cape Girardeau, Mo., to Rock Island, Ill--------..... -............. 10, 000. 00 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill----___ ------------------------- - 34, 841, 113. 39 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improvement and protection..... 1 19, 364, 311.89 dredging_ Dredges andDredges nd _ _ _ __..............___ dreding----------- ----------------------------------------- 7,191, 719,5.2 656. 72 Experimental dikes..............---------------------------------------------------------- 100, 000. 00 Plant and miscellaneous.. ---------------------------------------------------- 6, 832, 497. 35 Improving harbors and tributaries, except Vicksburg Harbor--.......-.-.-.-...-. . 9, 552, 562. 82 Improving icksburg Harbor -------------------------------------------------- 682, 980. 98 Examination of lands subject to overflow, east bank, Mississippi River_....-.-.-.-.-... - 22, 401.94 Works above Cairo...............---------------------------------------------------------- 737, 632. 53 Total expended ----------------------------------------------------- 83, 558, 503. 70 To surplus fund................................................................------------------------------------------------------------- 3 7, 614. 41 Total appropriated, etc_...-....------------.---..-.......---..-... - 83, 566, 118. 11 1 Amount reported in Annual Report for fiscal year 1929, $19,364,328.24, decreased $16.35 as per footnote ($) below. 2 Includes sales amounting to $305,355.92 and balances received from former appropriations amounting to $295,028.29 ($295,151.51 less $123.42 carried to surplus fund). a Includes unexpended balance of the specific appropriation by act of July 25, 1912, for examination and survey of lands subject to overflow, east bank, Mississippi River, $7,598.06, carried to surplus fund June 30, 1914. (ED 15927-414, Sec. MRC 2000-1); and $16.35 resulting from canceled checks credited to appro- priation in November= 1917 (act of July 27, 1916), and carried to surplus fund as of June 30, 1929 (transac- tion inadvertently omitted from books of second New Orleans district (formerly fourth Mississippi River Commission district), (ED 3097-11 and P-3264-21). Appropriations for flood control, Mississippi River and Sacramento River, Calif. Act of June 12, 1917 (sundry civil) ----------------------- $5, 660, 000. 00 Act of July 1, 1918 (sundry civil) ------- ------------------- 6, 670, 000. 00 Act of July 19, 1919 (sundry civil) ------------------------- 6, 670, 000.00 Act of June 5, 1920 (sundry civil) ------------------------- 6, 670, 000.00 Act of Mar. 4, 1921 (sundry civil)--------------------------6 6, 670, 000. 00 Total specific appropriations ------------------------ 32, 340, 000. 00 Miscellaneous receipts: Previously reported------------------$168, 032. 92 Total to be accounted for ------------------------- 32, 508, 032.92 EXPENDED (FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND SACRAMENTO RIVER, CALIF.) Location and object To June 30, 1928 Mississippi River Commission....----------------- ------- $316, 251. 00 Surveys, gages and observations_--------- --- ---- ---- 318, 342.98 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill_...-----.......................... . 14, 082,156. 06 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improvement and protection..... 8, 886, 348.92 Dredges and dredging--- --------------------------------------------------- 2, 812, 224. 76 Plant and miscellaneous_..._---- 4, 304, 759.91 Improving harbors and tributaries------- -------------------------------------- 1, 047, 443. 04 Memphis Harbor---_---.. - 740, 506. 25 Total expended-..----------.....------------.-..--..- - 32, 508, 032.92 Total appropriated, etc------------ - . .. ------ .32, 508, 032. 92 SIncludes sales amounting to $168,032.92. 2088 REPORT OF CHIEF. OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 APPROPRIATIONS FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER Act of Apr. 21, 1922 (joint resolution) unexpended balances from $1,000,000 appropriated under emergency flood control, Mis- sissiplii River (previously reported) ----------------------- $246, 301. 21 Additional unexpended balances revoked by Chief of Engi- neers during fiscal year 1924, from emergency flood control as follows: Levees, third district, May, 1924----------- ------ 2, 218. 38 Levees, fourth district, May, 1924 ____ -__- -____-.. - 12. 19 Act of June 30, 1922 (War Department) [$6,670,000 less $1,000,000 deducted under the provisions of act of Apr. 21, 1922 for emergency flood control] ---------------------------- 5, 670, 000. 00 Act of March 2, 1923 (War Department) less $3,480 revoked by Chief of Engineers, July 24, 1923 (ED 4140-3, Sec. M. R. C. 2662-112) ---- ------------------------------------- 5, 983, 120. 00 Act of June 7, 1924 (War Department) -------------------- 10,000,000.00 Act of Feb. 12, 1925 (War Department) ___ _______________ 10,000, 000.00 Act of Apr. 15, 1926 (War Department) [$10,000,000 less $40,878.40 deducted under provisions of act of Apr. 17, 1926, for survey for the control of excess flood waters of the Mississippi River below Point Breeze in Louisiana and on the Atchafalaya outlet] --------------------------------------------- 9, 959, 121. 60 Act of Feb. 23, 1927 (War Department) -------------------- 10, 000, 000.00 Act of Mar. 23, 1928 (War Department) _--------------- 10, 000,000.00 Total specific appropriations------------------------ 61, 860, 773. 38 Receipt from sales to June 30, 1930-------------------------- 806, 762.12 Total to be accounted for -- ----------- 62, 667, 535. 50 EXPENDED (FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER) To June 30, During year Location and object 1929 ending June Total 30, 1930 OLD PROJECT Mississippi River Commission-_-- $728, 732. 94 - _ $728, 732. 94 Surveys, gages, and observations___________ __ 648, 494. 22 ______ 648, 494. 22 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill 6 19, 930, 020. 31 -............. $113, 348. 54 20, 043, 368. 85 Dikes ------------------------------- 435, 000. 00 435, 000. 00 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel im- provement and protection 7 14, 866, 087. 17 -- -- 14, 866, 087. 17 Dredges and dredging_______ _____________ 4, 800, 207. 84 - 4, 800, 207. 84 Plant and miscellaneous_________________________ _ 7, 505, 305. 51 7, 505, 305. 51 Improving harbors and tributaries .................. - 8 1, 210. 771. 55 1,210, 771. 55 Flood-relief work_ .......___ -___ . __---_________-__ __--- 30, 999. 62 - 30,999. 62 s The act of Apr. 17, 1926, provides for use of $50,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, from funds heretofore appropriated for flood control, Mississippi River. Prior to July 1, 1927. $25,000 was allotted and during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1928, $16,000 was allotted. In February, 1929, $120.85, included in the $41,000 previously allotted, was revoked and became available for flood-control work. It was then allotted for Mississippi River Commission, office of president. In August, 1929, $0.75, included in the $41,000 previously allotted, was revoked and became available for flood-control work. It was allotted to the Second New Orleans district for construction of Bonnet Carre Spillway in October, 1929; and of the $10,000,000 appropriated under act of Apr. 15, 1926, $9,959,121.60 became available for flood-control work. 6 Amount reported in annual report for fiscal year 1929, $20,111,566.13, decreased $181,545.82 to adjust previously reported expenditures in order to show correct application 7Amount reported in annual report for fiscal year 1929, $14,811,797.52, increased $54,289.65 to adjust previously reported expenditures in order to show correct application. 8Amount reported in annual report for fiscal year 1929, $1,265,061.20, decreased $54,289.65 to adjust previously reported expenditures in order to show correct application. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2089 EXPENDED (FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER) I . .- I - -. -~ To June 30, During year Location and object 1929 ending June Total 30, 1930 NEW PROJECT By president's office: Mississippi River Commission---------- -------- -$196, 073. 33 -$69, 919. 20 -$265, 992. 53 Surveys, gages, and observations ------------------- -91, 606. 52 -1, 636. 09 -93, 242. 61 Tributary levees and above Cairo------------- -- 19, 287. 55 19, 287. 55 By Rock Island engineer district: Surveys, gages, and observations--- -------------- 915. 02 1, 084. 98 2,000. 00 Tributary levees and above Cairo --------------- 31, 937. 79 135, 086. 35 167, 024. 14 By St. Louis engineer district: Surveys, gages, and observations- ---....-----------.- 76, 157. 73 31, 327. 97 107, 485. 70 Tributary levees and above Cairo...---------------- 29, 991.02 22, 643. 38 52, 634. 40 By Memphis engineer district: Mississippi levees, including levee work around Cairo and certain levees necessary to keep water out of St. Francis Basin _- .... .... _....---__....... -_- 1, 310, 48 866. 396, 175. 23 1, 707, 041. 71 Revetments----.._ -------------- 0 2, 045, 199. 39 592, 041. 83 2, 637, 241.22 _--- Dredging ____.......--- . . . . . . . 978, 088. 31 42, 863. 46 1, 020, 951. 77 Surveys, gages, and observations. __-- __ 7, 774. 07 14, 988. 04 22, 762. 11 By Vicksburg engineer district: Mississippi levees...------------------- ------- 1, 000, 000. 00 1, 000, 000. 00 Revetments.-_ 990, 347. 52 12, 382. 53 1, 002, 730. 05 Surveys, gages, and observations- .. 50, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 By Second New Orleans district: Mississippi levees_ _ -------- -- -- 1, 145, 563. 60 1, 387.24 1, 146, 950. 84 Atchafalaya River levees-------- --- - 17, 083. 34 17, 083. 34 Construction Bonnet Carre_.---. _ 192, 241. 26 107, 759. 49 300, 000. 75 Rights of way, flowage and damages, Bonnet Carre -.. 23, 601. 20 21, 116. 87 44, 718.07 Revetments ...-----.......------------ 2, 439, 603. 57 2, 336. 59 2, 441, 940. 16 Surveys, gages, and observations-------------....... .. 25, 000. 00 25, 000. 00 Total expended __.-------------------- 60, 251, 597. 16 1, 422, 987. 21 61, 674, 584. 37 Less receipts from sales to June 30, 1928 (sales after that date not included with expenditures) ......... .. . ..... . 414,624.63 Net expenditures to June 30, 1930-. . - -- ------ 61, 259, 959. 74 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------ - ---.. -- -- 600,813.64 Total specific appropriations----................... -------- ---- 61, 860,773.38 ---------------- Receipts from sales to June 30, 1930_--------------------- - ---- - 806, 762. 12 Total to be accounted for------------------ ---------- ----- --- -- . -- -- 62,667,535.50 9 Amount reported in annual report for fiscal year 1929, $1,863,653.57, increased $181,545.82 to adjust previously reported expenditures in order to show correct application. APPROPRIATIONS FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES Deficiency act of May 29, 1928 (War Department) [$14,000,000 less $2,500 allotted Nov. 16, 1928, for investigation and sur- vey of Skunk River, Iowa, by Rock Island engineer district (survey under section 10 of flood-control act of May 15, 1928, and work not under supervision of the Mississippi River Commission) ] _ _________ ________ _____ $13, 997, 500. 00 Act of Feb. 28, 1929 (War Department) [$30,000,000 less $2,196,675 allotted for surveys under section 10 of flood- control act of May 15, 1928 (work not under supervision of Mississippi River Commission) and $410,945 unallotted bal- ance as of June 30, 1930] ________________________ 27, 392, 380.00 Act of May 28, 1930 (War Department) [$35,000,000 less $1,291,300 allotted for surveys under section 10 of flood- control act of May 15, 1928 (work not under supervision of Mississippi River Commission) and $5,158,466.33 unallotted balance as of June 30, 1930] ____________________________ 28, 550, 233. 67 Total specific allotments____ 69, 940, 113.67 Receipts from sales to June 30, 1930____________________ 172, 472. 86 Total to be accounted for __________________________ 70. 112, 586. 53 2090 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 EXPENDED (FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES) -NEW PROJECT During year Location and object To June 30, ending June Total 1929 30, 1930 By President's office: Allotments to office, Chief of Engineers, for Missis- sippi River Commission work ____________________ - _____ _ $9, 705. 22 $9, 705. 22 Mississippi River Commission-....................... $21,887. 92 119, 122. 57 141, 010. 49 Hydraulic labotatory ------------------------------------- 13, 87. 47 13, 857. 47 By Rock Island engineer district: Tributary levees and above Cairo_---------_ ----------- 8, 834. 24 31, 860. 25 40, 694. 49 Surveys, gages and observations ___------_----------- - --... 4, 489. 53 4, 489. 53 By St. Louis engineer district: Tributary levees and above Cairo-.......--------------.... --------------. 59 2, 253. 66 2, 254. 25 By Memphis engineer district: Mississippi levees, including levee work around Cairo and certain levees necessary to keep water out St. Francis Basin--___. - - - - -------- 1, 143, 605. 04 3, 243, 557. 40 4, 387, 162. 44 Rights of way, flood-way levees---------------------- 32, 000.00 201, 367. 18 233, 367. 18 Flowage flood ways------...........-----...-------------------- 48,301.82 20, 610.39 68,912. 21 Revetments_ ................................. . 2, 278, 645.72 3, 279, 602. 28 5, 559, 248.00 Contraction work---------.. --------------------- 21, 908. 40 617, 368. 66 639, 277. 06 Hydraulic laboratory-....---- -- ------------------- ---------------- 1, 772. 94 1, 772. 94 Dredging_ -----------------------.- 444, 671. 76 1, 125, 077. 59 1, 569, 749. 35 Drainages, Birds Point-New Madrid flood way-------------.... - -__99, 832. 17 99, 832. 17 Mapping ---------------------------------------- 4, 526. 48 47, 058. 36 51, 584. 84 Surveys, gages and observations--------_ __-- -- 113, 531. 70 193, 597.44 307, 129. 14 By Vicksburg engineer district: Mississippi levees, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Arkan- sas--- ....- ------------- ----------------------- 1, 470, 555. 14 2,135, 965.84 3, 606, 520. 98 Levees, south bank Arkansas River, Ark ----....... . 242, 579. 78 854, 588. 79 1, 097, 168. b7 Tributary levees and above Cairo------- .... . ,_----------------- 30, 000. 00 30, 000.00 Levees, Boeuf Basin. La. and Ark--................... 124, 090. 28 134, 055. 43 258,145.71 Rfihts of way on Arkansas River, Ark ..............- 1, 346. 64 36, 395. 67 37,742.31 Contraction work . .. .. ...--------------------------------------------- 43, 824. 83 43, 824. 83 Revetments-__ --------- __ __ ------ 2, 220, 500. 89 1, 855, 028. 43 4, 075, 529. 32 Mapping .---------------------------------------------------- 17, 606. 77 17, 606.77 Surveys, gages and observations_- _ -- - -- 135, 018. 00 103, 409. 08 238, 427.08 Dredging surveys ------------- ----------------------------- 50, 099. 17 50, 099. 17 Construction of temporary office building at Vicks- burg Miss. (in Vicksburg National Military Park)._....- 100, 000.00 100, 000.00 By Second New Orleans districts: South bank Red (levee) ___-----------------_____ ___ 33, 293. 93 19, 431. 95 52, 725. 88 South bank Red rights of way (levee) _.2, 325.07 2, 325.07 Atchafalaya River levees_.--- - - - --... --- _ --- 198, 115. 22 187, 257. 64 385, 372. 86 Atchafalaya River rights of way (levees)-....--- -------- - ---- 274. 79 274. 79 East Atchafalaya Basin protection levee__--....________ _________ 81, 394.51 81, 394.51 West Atchafalaya Basin protection levee -------- . _ - __- -- ---- _ - 341, 296. 45 341, 296. 45 Rights of way protection levees.._____. ..----------- -___-______ 129, 896. 62 129, 896. 62 Mississippi levees---..... --------------- -- ___......... 654, 980. 95 2, 304, 255. 67 2, 959, 236. 62 Revetments__ ....-------- ________ ___-_________ ___ 1, 719, 395. 80 1, 994, 108. 01 3, 713, 503. 81 Construction Bonnet Carre..------ ---------- ----------------- 2, 430, 782. 91 2, 430, 782. 91 Mapping-..............--- --------------- 13, 316. 23 13, 316. 23 Surveys, gages, and observations-- ---------------- 1 252, 104. 63 269, 254. 51 521, 359.14 Total net expenditures ........................... 11, 169, 894. 93 22, 145, 701.48 33, 315, 596. 41 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 --------------------- -------------------------------- 36, 624, 517. 26 T otal allotted -------- --------- ... .. --------..... 69, 940, 113. 67 ..-------------------------------- Receipts from sales to June 30, 1930 (deducted from gross expenditures),_-----------------------------------,.. . . ............-. .. 172,472.86 Total to be accounted for----------------------- --------------------- _ 70,112,586. 53 EMERGENCY FUND FOR FLOOD CONTROL ON TRIBUTARIES OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER Allotments from $5,000,000 author zed in section 7 of flood control act approved May 15, 1928. Deficiency act of May 12, 1928 (War Department): Allotted during fiscal year 1928________________ $95, 000. 00 Allotted during fiscal year 1929-- ____________ 635, 933. 62 Allotted during fiscal year 1930---________ -- __228, 253. 72 $959, 187. 34 Act of February 28, 1.929 (War Department): Allotted during fiscal year 1930_____ -_______ ___- 190, 801. 34 Total allotments to June 30, 1930-______ _______-____ _10 1,149, 988. 68 10Of this amount $488,100 was allotted for work under supervision of the Mississippi River Commission and $661,888.68 for work not under its direction. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2091 aXPENDED (EMERGENCY FUND FOR FLOOD CONTROL ON TRIBUTARIES OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER) During fiscal Location and object To June 30, year ending Total 1929 June 30,1930 Maintenance and repairs of levees and flood protection on tributaries of th.e 1Mississippi River--------------------- $420, 718. 99 $564 859. 01 $985, 578. 00 Total expended......-----------------------------------420, 718. 99 564, 859. 01 11985, 578.00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 _._..----- ------------------ ----------.---- ---------- 164, 410.68 Total allotted to June 30, 1930....------------------------------ -------------- 1, 149, 988.68 11Of this amount $435,172.72 was expended for work under supervision of the Mississippi River Commis- sion and $550,405.28 for work not under its direction. APPROPRIATIONS FOR EMERGENCY FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER Act of Apr. 21, 1922 ($1,000,000 less $248,531.78 reverted to flood control, Mississippi River) --------------------------------- $751, 468. 22 Deficiency act of Dec. 22, 1927---------------------------- 7, 000, 000. 00 Miscellaneous receipts: Received from sale of lumber, August, 1922 (fourth district) ------------ 719. 55 Total __ ------------------------------------ 7, 752,187.77 EXPENDED (EMERGENCY FLOOD CONTROL) To June 30, Location and object 1929 i-------- Missiissippi River Commission---......$------------------------------------- $6, 042. 90 Survi eys, gages, and observations_----------------------------------------------- 138, 924. 80 Leve es, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill_..--------.-.---.. -------. ___ s12 5, 747, 606.47 Reve tments and contraction works, permanent channel improvement and protection.... 131, 259, 164. 53 Dred ges and dredging -------------------------------------------------------- 107,145. 92 Plantt and miscellaneous---------- -------------------------------------------- 439, 000. 00 Improving harbors and tributaries-__-........-...-------................. 14 54, 289. 65 Total expended ------------------------------------------------------- 7, 752, 174. 27 Carried to surplus fund------------------------------------------------- ........ 15 13. 50 Total appropriated, etc....----.......-- ------------------------------------------ 7, 752,187. 77 11 Amount reported in Annual Report for fiscal year 1929, $5,566,074.15, increased $181,545.82 to adjust expenditures previously reported in order to show correct application; and decreased $13.50 resulting from canceled checks credited to appropriation in July, 1924 (act of Apr. 21, 1922), as per footnote (15) below. 1l Amount reported in annual report for fiscal year 1929, $1,495,000, decreased To adjust expenditures $235,835.47. previously reported 14 1,4mun.fscle reported in annual report for fiscal year 1929, $0.00, increased $54,289.65. Amount rectorder in to show cor- application. 15 Amount received by cancellation of checks credited to appropriation (act of Apr. 21, 1922) in July, 1924 (inadvertently omitted from the books of the second New Orleans district (formerly fourth Missis- sippi River Commission district)) and carried to surplus fund as of June 30, 1929, ED 3097-11 and P-3264-21. Appropriation for flood relief, Missisippi River Act of Mar. 23, 1928 ($1,500,000 less unallotted balance June 30, 1929, $188,747.57)-------------------------------- ---- $1, 311,252.43 EXPENDED (FLOOD RELIEF, MISSISSIPPI RIVER) Location and object Total to June 30, 1929 Levees (reimbursement of expenditures previously made under contributed funds for emergency levee construction and repair work on account of the flood of 1927)--total expended.........................................-------------------------------------------------------------- $1, 311, 252. 43 Total allotted ------------------------ -------------------------------- 1, 311, 252. 43 2092 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 APPROPRIATION FOR FLOOD PROTECTION ON WHITE RIVER, WOODRUFF AND MONROB COUNTIES, ARK. Appropriation by Public Resolution No. 41, May 16, 1928$___$___--$25, 000 EXPENDED (FLOOD PROTECTION ON WHITE RIVER, WOODRUFF AND MONROE COUNTIES, ARK.) During year Location and object To June 30, ending June Total 30, 1930 Flood protection on White River--- ......-.---.----- - $21, 588.10 $3, 411.90 $25,000.00 Total expended (levees) ---------------------- 21,588. 10 3,411.90 25,000.00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930............................................. Total appropriated-_ _ _------------------------------------------------------- 25, 000. 00 APPROPRIATIONS FOR MAINTENANCE AND IMPROVEMENT OF EXISTING RIVER AND HARBOR WORKS Act of Oct. 2, 1914 (allotment Oct. 7, 1914) ___-------$3, 750, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 4, 1915 (allotment Apr. 2, 1915) ------------------ 4, 000, 000. 00 Act of Feb. 23, 1927 (allotted during fiscal year 1928) --- --------------------------- $2, 000, 000.00 Revocations of allotments dur- ing fiscal year 1928____ - $1, 850.000. 00 Revocations of allotments dur- ing fiscal year 1929 -------- 150, 000. 00 2, 000, 000. 00 0.00 Total specific appropriations--------___-----...... 7, 750, 000. 00 Miscellaneous receipts, previously reported- - ------ __ --- 11, 505. 73 Total to be accounted for------------------- 7, 761, 505. 73 EXPENDED (MAINTENANCE AND IMPROVEMENT OF EXISTING RIVER AND HARBOR WORKS) Location and object Total to June 30, 1929 Mississippi River Commission------------------ ------------------------- $69, 751.29 Surveys, gages, and observations__------_---------------- ------....- 124, 411.85 Levees, Head of the Passes to Cape Girardeau, Mo......-------------------________ 3, 888, 481. 59 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improvement and protection----. 2, 122, 716. 09 Dredges and dredging---------------------------------------------------------------- 605, 662.06 Experimental revetment------------------------------- --------------------------------- 32, 701. 39 Plant and miscellaneous--..- - ..-...-.---. -----...-...-- 571, 109. 57 Improving harbors and tributaries, except Vicksburg Harbor_.------------.-....-. - 346, 671.89 Total expended..------------------------------------------------------------- 7, 761, 505. 73 Total appropriated----------------------------------- ------------------------- 7, 761, 505. 73 16Includes sales amounting to $11,505.73. APPROPRIATIONS FOR GAGING WATERS OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES Allotments from general appropriations for examinations, surveys and contingencies of rivers and harbors by acts of- Mar. 3, 1871 (allotment Apr. 11, 1871) --------------------- $5, 000. 00 June 10, 1872 (allotment July 11, 1.872) ------------------ 5, 000. 00 Mar. 3, 1873 (allotment May 17, 1873) ------------- __ -- _ 5, 000. 00 June 23, 1874 (allotment July 29, 1.874) --------------------- 5, 000. 00 Mar. 3, 1875 (allotment Mar. 22, 1875) ------ ------- 5, 000. 00 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2093 Specific appropriations by river and harbor acts of- Aug. 14, 1876----------------------- ---------------------- $5, 000. 00 June 18, 1878----------------------------------------------5, 000.00 Mar. 3, 1879------------------------------------------------ 5,000.00 June 14, 1880---------------------------------------------- 5, 000.00 Mar. 3, 1881--------------- -------------------------------- 5,000.00 Aug. 2, 1882-------------------- 5, 000.00 Deficiency act of Mar. 12, 1884--------------------------------- 2, 100.00 Specific appropriations by river and harbor acts of- July 5, 1884------------------------- --------------------- 5,000.00 Aug. 5, 1886-- ---------------------------------- 5, 000.00 Allotted from specific appropriation by river and harbor act of Aug. 11, 1888 (allotment Oct. 17, 1888) ---------------------------- 8, 700.00 Deficiency act of Oct. 19, 1888 ----------------------------------- 3, 600. 00 Allotments from permanent indefinite appropriation made by section 6 of river and harbor act of Aug. 11, 1888, for fiscal years, viz: 1890 (allotment Aug. 23, 1889) ------------------------------- 9,000. 00 1891 (allotment Aug. 19, 1890, $8,700, less $3,518.34 withheld in United States Treasury under ruling that only $6,000 can be expended each fiscal year) ---------- __-- -5, 181.66 1892 (allotment July 17, 1891) -------------------------- 5, 100. 00 1893 (allotment July 15, 1892)-------------------------------5,500.00 1894 (allotment July 18, 1893) ___________--- 5, 500.00 1895 (allotment June 5, 1894) ------------------------- 5, 500. 00 1896 (allotment June 4, 1895) ---------------------- ---- 5, 500. 00 1897 (allotment May 13, 1896)--------------------5,500.00 1898 (allotment June 1.6, 1897) --------------------------- __ 5, 500.00 1899 (allotments May 27, 1898, $5,500, July 12, 1898, $500) ---- 6, 000. 00 1900 (allotment June 1, 1899) -------------------------------- 5, 500. 00 1901 (allotment July 2, 1900) --------------------------- __ _ 6, 000. 00 1902 (allotment July 31, 1901)__------ __ 6, 000. 00 Allotments from permanent annual appropriation made by section 6 of river and harbor act of Aug. 11, 1888, as amended by section 9 of river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, for fiscal years viz: 1903 (allotment July 23, 1902, $9,600, less $500 allotted Aug. 2, 1902, to St. Paul, Minn., district)---------------------- 9, 100. 00 1904 (allotment April 18, 1903)_ 9, 100.00 1905 (allotment Aug. 11, 1904) ------------------------------- 9, 100.00 1906 (allotment June 30, 1905) ------------------------------ 9, 100. 00 1907 (allotment July 2, 1906) ___ 9, 100.00 1908 (allotment July 24, 1907) --------- __ ------ ____-_____ 9, 100. 00 1909 (allotment July 3, 1908) ----- 9, 100.00 1910 (allotment July 13, 1909)-------------------------- 9, 100. 00 1911 (allotment July 27, 1910) ------------------------------ 9, 600 00 1912 (allotment Feb. 7, 1911) ------------------------------ 9, 100. 00 1913 (allotment May 29, 1912)------------------------------ _ 9, 100.00 1914------------- ------------------------------ 9, 100.00 1915 (allotment Sept. 2, 1914)------------------------------- 9, 100.00 1916 (allotment July 28, 1915)------------------------------- 9, 100.00 1917 (allotment Aug. 3, 1916)------------------------------ 9, 100. 00 1918 (allotment June 27, 1917)------------------------------- 9, 100. 00 1919 (allotment June 20, 1918)------------------------------ 9, 100. 00 1920 (allotment June 12, 1919) 9, 100. 00 1921 (allotment June 18, 1920) __-- ____________________ - 9, 100. 00 1922 (allotment June 16, 1921)----------------------------- 9, 100. 00 1923 (allotment June 14, 1922)---------------------------- 9, 100.00 1924 (allotment June 21, 1923) ------------------------- 9, 100.00 1925 (allotment June 10, 1924) ------------------------------ 9, 100 00 1926 (allotment June 10, 1925) ------------------------------ 9, 100. 00 1927 (allotment June 8, 1926) 9, 100. 00 1928 (allotment June 8, 1927) ------------------------------- 9, 100. 00 1929 (allotment June 6, 1928) ------------------------------- 9, 100.00 1930 (allotments June 5, 1929 ($9,100) and Oct. 15, 1929 ($150)) --------------- 9, 250 00 Total- ___--_--_-_-__-_- __-410, 631. 66 2094 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.: S. ARMY , 1930 EXPENDED (GAGING WATERS, MISSISSIPPI BIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES) To June 30, To June During year 30 ending June Total 30, 1930 $9, 250. 00 $391, 671.88 Expenaisures.....---------- --------........ Unexpended balances revertet poTreasury-.. -- . $382, 421. 88 s959. 7 ... 8, 9978 .------------. Total-......................------ 401, 381.66 9, 250. 00 410, 631.66 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930...................... ................................................. Total appropriated .......................... ------------------------------------------------------ 410, 631.66 APPROPRIATION FOR PRESERVING AND PROTECTING LEVEES NOT UNDER GOVERNMENT CONTROL ON MISSISSIPPI RIVER, ITS TRIBUTARIES AND OUTLETS, DURING FLOOD EMERGENCY Allotment from act of May 2, 19 (to fourth district), in fiscal year 1922 --------------------------------------------- $65, 000. 00 Allotment from act of May 2, 1922 (to fourth district), in fiscal year 1923--------------------------- ------------------ 3, 500. 00 Total allotted----------------- --------- 68, 500. 00 Miscellaneous receipts: Amounts received from sales of engineer property, etc., under the provisions of section 5 of river and harbor act of Junie 13, 1902, credited to appropriation in months named (fourth district)- August, 1922, sale of lumber ------------------ $887. 87 October, 1922, sale of tools, etc------------------ 353.25 November, 1922, sale of lumber -------------------- 35. 25 1, 276. 37 Total to be accounted for- ----------------------------- 69, 776. 37 EXPENDED (PRESERVING AND PROTECTING LEVEES, ETC.) Location and object To June 30, 1924 Expenditures (levees) ------------------------------------------------------- 17$69, 776. 37 Total allotted etc----------- --------------------------------------------- 69, 776. 37 17To reduce to net expenditures, deduct receipts from sales amounting to $1,276.37. APPROPRIATION FOR REPAIRING AND RESTORING LEVEES ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ABOVE CAIRO, ILL. Appropriated by act of June 10, 1922 (from $200,000 appropriated by act of May 2, 1922) to secretary and northern district-------.. $100, 000. 00 EXPENDED (REPAIRING AND RESTORING LEVEES ABOVE CAIRO, ILL.) Location and object To June 30, 1924 Net expenditures (levees) ------------------------------------------------------ $71, 992. 57 Reverted to U. S. Treasury, surplus fund ------------------------------------------ 28, 007.43 Total allotted ---------------------------------------------------------- 100,000.00 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2095 APPROPRIATION FOR REBUILDING LEVEES OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES DAMAGED BY FLOODS Joint resolution of Apr. 30, 1912_______________________________ $1, 500, 000. 00 Allotments: Surveys, Ohio and Mississippi Rivers (allotment May 8, 1912) -------------------------------- $1,000 Gairo drainage district ( 1tnent May 21, 1912) 45, 000 Upper St. Francis levee d:strict (allotments May 21, 1912, $65,000, and June 18, 1912, $15,000)__ 80, 000 Reelfoot levee d:strict (allotment May 21, 1912)__ 60, 000 Lower St. Francis levee district (allotments May 21, 1912, $200,000; and June 18, 1912, $60,000)_ 260, 000 White River levee district (allotment May 21, 1912) --------------------------------------- 175, 000 Lower Yazoo levee distr ct (allotment May 21, 1912) -- 173, 000 Upper Tensas levee district (allotment May 21, 1912) __-------------__ 269, 000 Red River levees (allotment May 21, 1912) .. 10, 000 Atchafalaya levee district (allotment May 21, 1912) --------------------------------- 150, 000 Lafourche levee district (allotment May 21, 1912)_ 100, 000 Lake Borgne levee district (allotment May 21, 1912) _________________________________ 10, 000 East bank, Mississippi River from Vicksburg to Bayou Sara, previously, reported as allotments to Gum R dge drainage distirict, M ssissippi, Fort Adams to Tunica, La., and Bayou Sara, La. (approved May 21, 1912) --------------- __ _ 50, 000 Lower Tensas levee district, Palmyra (allotment June 18, 1912) ___--_ 11, 000 Lower Tensas levee district, Bougere (allotment June 18, 1912) ----- -- 9, 000 Bayou des Glaises, Atchafalaya, Red River, etc., (allotment June 18, 1912) ------------------- 30, 000 Lower Yazoo levee district (allotment July 22, 1912)__ - 37, 000 Upper Tensas levee district (allotment July 22, 1912) _ ----------- 30, 000 Total specific appropriation______________ 1,500, 000 Miscellaneous receipts, previously reported_ ___ -1, 169. 66 Total to be accounted for __ __ 1, 501, 169. 66 EXPENDED (REBUILDING LEVEES) To June 30, 1914 Net expenditures.-------------------------------------------------------------------$1, 448, 102. 52 Unexpended balance, carried to surplus fund June 30, 1914...-------------------------------- 18 53, 067. 14 Total appropriated, etc.....---------------------------------------------------------1, 501, 169. 66 18Includes receipts from sales amounting to $1,169.66. APPROPRIATION, DEFICIENCY ACT OF MARCH 1, 1921 Allotment for expenditure in Lower St. Francis levee district (first and second districts) : Claim of Roach, Stansell, Lowrance Bros. & Co..-------------- $184, 428. 27 Claim of H. B. Blanks _______________----______-______ 123, 569. 03 307, 997. 30 Allotment for readjustment of contracts in Lower Yazoo levee dis- trict (third district) ---------- ------- --------------- 35, 440. 94 Total -------------------------------------------- ---- 343, 438. 24 11714--ENG 1930-----132 2096 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 EXPENDED (DEFICIENCY ACT OF MARCH 1,1921) To June 30, 1922 Expenditures___ -------------------------------------------------------------- $343, 438. 24 Total allotted and expended__ ----------------------------------------------343, 438. 24 APPROPRIATION FOR MODIFICATIONS AND READJUSTMENTS OF CONTRACTS, RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS Act of July 18, 1918 (allotment in fiscal year 1919) ------------ $35, 725. 00 Readjustment of original allotments in fiscal year 1919, in office, Chief of Engineers, in accordance with completed expenditure of funds, December, 1919, by increasing allotment for " Upper St. Francis levee district," $66.36, and decreasing allotment for " Lower St. Francis levee district," $80.45, both in first and second districts, making a net decrease of allotment in fiscal year 1919__ 14. 09 35, 710. 91 Act of July 18, 1918 (allotment in fiscal year 1920) -- $20, 700. 00 Act of July 18, 1918 (allotment in fiscal year 1921) __- 16, 934. 76 37, 634. 76 Net amount allotted ___-- __--------73, 345. 67 EXPENDED (MODIFICATIONS AND READJUSTMENTS OF CONTRACTS) Location and object To June 30, Net expenditures (levees) ------------------------------------------------------ $73, 135. 35 Reverted toTreasury inMarch, 1921__.. 210. 32 ------- Total allotted----- ---------------------- ------------------------ 73, 345. 67 ADDITIONAL PAYMENT TO WALTER H. DENISON, CONTRACT FOR MISSISSIPPI RIVER IMPROVEMENT Act of Mar. 2, 1919 (sec. 5, river and harbor) -- ___--------_ $18, 000 EXPENDED (ADD.TIONAL PAYMENT TO WALTER H. DENISON) Location and object 1920 30, To June Expenditures (levees).....................----------------------------------------------------------- $18, 000 Total appropriated and expended....---------------------------------------------- 18, 000 19 APPROPRIATIONS FOR IMPROVING YAZOO RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES, MISS. Act of July 13, 1892_ -------------- $75, 000. 00 Act ofAug. 18, 1894------------------------------- 225, 000.00 Act ofAug. 18, 1894-------------------------------------- 40, 000. 00 Act of June 4, 1897--------------------------------------350, 000. 00 Act ofMar. 3, 1901-------------------------------------------510, 000. 00 Act ofMar. 3, 1909 (allotment Mar. 29, 1909) ------------------ 44, 000. 00 Act ofJune 25, 1910 --------------------------------------- 4, 000. 00 Act ofJuly 25, 1912___ ______________________________--5, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 4, 1913 ------------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 1, 263, 000. 00 Miscellaneous receipts, previously reported -------------------- .30 Total to be accounted for ----- .- 1,263, 000.30 19Funds under this appropriation were transferred to the control of the district engineer officer, Vicks- burg, Miss., district, Oct. 9, 1916, under provision of river and harbor act July 27, 1916. (ED 7716-38) MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2097 EXPENDED (IMPROVING YA7ZOO RIVER) To June 30, 1917 Expenditures ----------------------------------------- $1,248,277.78 o-----------------2 Unexpended balance------------- ------------------- --------- 6iS14, 722.52 Total appropriated, etc-------------------------------------------------.................... 1,263, 000.30 n1Funds under this appropriation were transferred to the control of the. district engineer officer, Vicks- burg, Miss., district, Oct. 9, 1916, under provision of river and harbor act July 27, 1916. (ED 7716-38) 20To reduce to net expenditures, deduct receipts from sales amounting to $0.30. APPROPRIATIONS FOR EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES OF RIVERS AND HARBORS Allotments from appropriation by river and harbor act of Mar. 3, 1905- For Ashport, Tenn. (allotments Mar. 29, 1905, $25, and May 8, 1905, $460) -------------------------------- $485 Allotment from appropriation by river and harbor act of Mar. 4, 1913- For Canal leading from Centennial Lake at Vicksburg, Miss., to the Mississippi River---------------------- 2, 000 Allotments during the fiscal year 1921- For terminal sites, vicinity of Memphis, Tenn. (first and second districts) _ __ 600 For Vicksburg Harbor and Yazoo Canal (harbor division) third district --------------- 1, 000 $4, 085 Expended during fiscal year 1906--------------------------485 Expended during fiscal year 1914------------------------2, 000 Expended during fiscal year 1921__------------------------ 1, 600 4, 085 APPROPRIATIONS FOR MAINTAINING AND PROTECTING LEVEES OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES AGAINST FLOODS Act of Apr. 3, 1912_________________------------------------ $350, 000. 00 Act of Apr. 16, 1912__ ___________--------------------- 300, 000. 00 Total specific appropriations___------------------------- 650, 000. 00 Miscellaneous receipts : Previously reported--------------------- 490. 80 Total6---------------------------------------- 50, 490. 80 Net amount expended to June 30, 1914------------ $454,124. 11 Amount carried to surplus fund June 30, 1913---- 195, 850. 59 Unexpended balance carried to surplus fund June 30, 1914 --------------------------------- 516. 10 I 650, 490. 80 APPROPRIATION FOR REMOVING SUNKEN VESSELS OR CRAFT OBSTRUCTING OR ENDAN- GERING NAVIGATION-INDEFINITE (ACT OF MAR. 3, 1899) Allotment for removing wreck of barkentine Rachel Emery ________ $1, 500. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1913 ________-- ------------ ___ __ 1, 500. 00 Allotment for removing wreck of bark Santos Amarol______________ 8, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1916___------------------------ $6. 11 Expended in fiscal year 1917--____--------------------- 7, 993. 89 8, 000. 00 Allotment Dec. 4, 1928, for removing wreck of towboat Nokomis_------------------ $17, 000. 00 Less revocation May 17, 1930_ 4,430.74 12, 569. 26 21Includes $490.80 receipts from sales. 2098 REPORT OF CHIEF OF. ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Allotment Dec. 8, 1928, for removing wreck of steamship ermes ---------------------------------------- $917. 95 $13, 487.21 Expended in fiscal year 1929------------------------- 1,110. 40 Expended in fiscal year 1930_--------------------- 12, 376. 81 13, 487. 21 APPROPRIATION FOR REPAIRING GOVERNMENT LEVEE AT WALNUT REND, ARK. [Prior to June 30, 1906, was reported under appropriation for 'MistisMippi River] Act of June 13, 1902 (river and harbor) ---------------------- $90, 000.00 Expended to June 30, 1906- ------ ------------------------- 90, 000. 00 APPROPRIATION FOR WATERWAY FROM LOCKPORT, ILL., TO ST. LOUIS, MO. Act of June 13, 1902 (river and harbor) ----------------------- $25,000. 00 Expended to June 30, 1906_----------------------- $22, 291. 23 Amount transferred from allotment for "Survey of Illinois and Des Plaines Rivers, Ill." as reimburse- ment------------------------ ---------------- 1, 093, 40 Net expenditures--------------------------- 21, 197. 83 Unexpended balance carried to surplus fund on June 30, 1909, under the provisions of section 10 of sundry civil act of Mar. 4, 1909_--- ----- ___ 3, 802.17 25, 000. 00 APPROPRIATIONS FOR EMERGENCIES IN RIVER AND HARBOR WORKS Allotments from appropriation by act of Apr. 28, 1904-- For Wolf River (allotment July 6, 1904) ------------------ $8, 000. 00 For Giles Bend, Miss. (allotment July 6, 1904) ------------ 40,000.00 48, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1905 -------------------------------- 48, 000. 00 Allotments from appropriation by act of Mar. 3, 1905- For Old River (allotments Oct. 5, 1908, $6,000, and Nov. 12, 1908, $4,000) --------------------------------------- $10, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1909-------------------------- -- 10, 000. 00 APPRO; RIATIONS FOR COLIM5S FOR DAMAGES BY COLLISION, RIVER AND HARBOR WORKS Act of Apr. 6, 1914 (urgent deficiency) --------------------------- __ $85. 74 Expended in fiscal year 1914__----- ----------------- 85. 74 Act of Sept. 8, 1916 (general deficiency)-----------____ 475.28 Expended in fiscal year 1917------------------------------- 475 28 APPROPRIATIONS FOR INCREASE OF COMPENSATION, RIVERS AND HARBORS (1918-1922) 1918 funds received -------------------------- $33, 272. 79 1919 funds received__________---------------------- 21,961. 45 1920 funds received__-------- ----------------- ------------ 65, 174. 96 1921 funds received --------- --- ---------------- 118, 098. 69 1922 funds received in fiscal year 1922 ------------------------ 219, 357. 88 1922 funds received in fiscal year 1923 __....________--__..._ 3, 154. 79 Total received -------------------- ------------- 22 461, 020. 56 Total expended _ ------ ------------------ 461, 020. 56 APPROPRIATION FOR INCREASE OF COMPENSATION, WAR DEPARTMENT (1923) 1923 funds received in fiscal year 1923- ------------ $186, 791. 52 1923 funds received in fiscal year 1924-- ..... ----- _- 731. 53 Total received---------- --- 2_ 187, 523. 05 Total expended ------------- -- - 187, 523. 05 mDoes not include amounts received which were returned by deposit to credit of Treasurer, United States, nor reimbursements or refundments of overpayments which were deposited to credit of Treasurer, United States, all of which reverted to Treasury. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2099 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS (IMPROVEMENT, MISSISSIPPI :IVBB) For improvement of Mississippi River at Trotters Point, Miss.----- $100, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1914 (revetment) ------------------- 100, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River near Memphis, Tenn._-------- 1, 800. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1914 (revetment) -- ----- $1, 066. 61 Unexpended balance refunded to contributor ---------- 733. 39 1,800. 00 For improvement.of M.isissippi River at Star Landing Bend Miss. 210,000.00 Expended in fiscal year 1914 (revetment) ----------- $35, 009.30 Expended in fiscal year 1915 (revetment)----------- 174, 990. 70 210, 000.00 For improvement of Mississippi River near Laconia Circle, Ark. (White River levee district) ------------------------------ 8,000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1915 (levees) ------------------------- 8, 000.00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Delta, Miss.---------- 160, 000.00 Expended in fiscal year 1915 (revetment) ----------- $24, 871. 79 Expended in fiscal year 1916 (revetment) ------------ 135, 128. 21 160, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River in Upper St. Francis levee district ---------------------------------------------- 234, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1917 (levees) --------------- $26, 734. 69 Expended in fiscal year 1918 (levees) --------------- 78, 919. 31 Expended in fiscal year 1919 (levees) -------------- 128, 346. 00 234, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Gayoso Bend, Mo._____ 150, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1917 (revetment) --------------------- 150, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River in the Reelfoot levee district (Kentucky) -------------------------------------------- 25, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1917 (levees) __, __ --- -___ 25,000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Norfolk, Miss.--------- 100, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1918 (revetment) --------- $50, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1919 (revetment) ------------ 50, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Norfolk, Sunflower, and Trotters Point, Miss ---------------------------------- 100, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1919 (revetment) ----------- $71, 841. 91 Expended in fiscal year 1920 (revetment) ------------ 28, 158. 09 100, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Avondale, La_----------- 45, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1914 (revetment) -------- _ $32, 467. 28 Unexpended balance refunded to contributor---------12, 532. 72 45, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Torras, La-___ -------- 3, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1914 (revetment) ------------ 2, 453. 74 Unexpended balance refunded to contributor--------___ 546. 26 3, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Greenville, Miss _ _ 35, 500. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1918 (revetment) --------------------- 35, 500. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River in the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta levee district : Contributed in fiscal year 1920_------------- $50, 000. 00 Contributed in fiscal year 1921 ------------- 200, 000. 00 Contributed in fiscal year 1922---------------100, 000. 00 Contributed in fiscal year 1923------------- 375, 000. 00 Contributed in fiscal year 1924---------------410, 000. 00 Contributed in fiscal year 1925--------------- 165, 000. 00 Contributed in fiscal year 1926_----------- -- 250, 000. 00 Contributed in fiscal year 1927--------------- 150, 000. 00 Contributed in fiscal year 1928 ----------- 330, 000. 00 Contributed in fiscal year 1930 -------------- 2, 400. 00 Total contributed ---------------- 2, 032, 400. 00 2100 REPORT OF CHI: OF ENGINEERS~ U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 For improvement of Mississippi River in the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta levee district--Continued. Expended in fiscal year 1920 (revetment) ------- $50,000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1921 (revetment)-----. 199, 782. 28 Expended in fiscal year 1922 (revetment)------ 44, 031. 60 Expended in fiscal year 1923 (revetment) ------ 377, 978. 30 Expended in fiscal year 1924 (revetment) ----- 442, 615. 17 Expended in fiscal year 1925 (revetment) ------ 185, 592. 65 Expended in fiscal year 1926 (revetment) ------ 249, 939.29 Expended in fiscal year 1927 (revetment) ------ 102, 160. 17 Expended in fiscal year 1928 (revetment) ----- - 313, 132. 88 Expended in fiscal year 1929 (revetment) ------ 36, 377. 16 Expended in fiscal year 1930 (revetment) ___-__ 27, 429. 57 Total expended -__------------------ 2, 029, 039.07 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ------------- 3, 360. 93 Total contributed----------------------------- _----$2, 032, 400. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River in Louisiana (fifth Louisi- ana levee district) : Contributed in fiscal year 1929 ____ ____--______ __- 13, 292. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1930 (levees) --------- ---------- 13, 292. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Wyanoke, Ark.: Contributed during fiscal year 1920-- - ____---- - 60, 000.00 Expended in fiscal year 1920 (revetment) ------- $41, 140. 36 Expended in fiscal year 1921 (revetment) ------- 18, 859. 64 60, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River (contributed by Mississippi levee commissioners) for- Riverton, Valewood, and Cottonwood, Miss., in fiscal year 1922_ 100, 000. 00 Greenville, Valewood, and Cottonwood, Miss., in fiscal year 1924---------- ----------------------------------- 25, 000. 00 Total contributed ____________-_____- -- - - 125, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1922 (revetment)------- $100, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1924 (revetment)------- 17, 923. 56 Expended in fiscal year 1925 (revetment) -------- 7, 076. 44 Total expended-------- ----------------------------- 125, 000. 00 For improvement of river, revetment on Ohio below Cache River: Contributed during fiscal year 1923_ _ -- 20, 000. 00 Expended during fiscal year 1923 (revetment) ... $19, 991. 18 Expended during fiscal year 1924 (revetment) ... 8. 82 20, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Hickman, Ky.: Contributed during fiscal year 1923__________ - ___- 20, 500. 00 Expended during fiscal year 1923 (revetment) ... 15, 404. 11 Expended during fiscal year 1924 (revetment)__. 5, 095. 89 20, 500.00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Goodrich, La. (revet- ment) : Contributed during fiscal year 1926 _- ---- ___ - -_______- 55, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1926 ------- 55, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Mound City, Ill. (sec. 4, R. & H. act of Mar. 4, 1915) : Contributed in fiscal year 1930___ ----- 6, 604. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1930 (levees) ------------ $6, 481.92 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930_ ------ 122. 08 Trntal 1 VLIui nnetrt-a LVUL11U ULC -------- --------- --------- --------- s, 604. 00 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMIIISSIO 2101 FUNDS" CONTRIBUTED- FOR REPAIRING AND RESTORING LEVEES ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ABOVE CAIRO, ILL. Contributed by local levee districts during fiscal year 1922------- $15, 000 Contributed by local levee districts during fiscal year 1923_--- ------ 27, 225 42,225 EXPENDED (CONTRIBUTED FUNDS, REPAIRING AND RESTORING LEVEES) To June 30, Location and object 1923 Le, isp ReavaoI$,0 Levees, Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill.._______........__....................... $36, 250.46- Returned to contributors during fiscal year 1923......--...............-...............- 5, 974. 54 Total contributed..___.__._....._....._..-- 42, 225. 00 FUNDS CONTRIBUTED BY LOCAL LEVEE DISTRICTS FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER Contributed for flood control, Mississippi River: Fiscal year 1918 _____ - - - __-- -- - - - - _ $1, 337, 701. 67 Fiscal year 1919---------------------------------------- , 478, 500. 00, Fiscal year 1920 531, 760. 44 1______--------------------, Fiscal year 1921 ______------- - - - - -__ _-2, 443, 853. 34 Fiscal year 1922 423, 500. 00 Fiscal year 1923------------------------------------ 2, 280, 615. 10 Fiscal year 1924____--- ---------- 510, 462. 34 Fiscal year 1925_______----------------- 3, 747, 331. 38 Fiscal year 1926____--- ---- ------ 1, 316, 668. 59 Fiscal year 1927_ __ __------ -- - - - 1, 467, 827. 45 Fiscal year 1928------------------------- ----- 953, 402.79 Fiscal year 1929 1, 287, 752. 43 - -____________-______ Fiscal year 1930 __------------------------------------ 59, 250. 00 Total contributed------------------------- 16, 263, 120.67 Total miscellaneous receipts (previously reported) ------------- 1, 065. 61 Total ------------------------------------------------ 16, 264, 186. 28 EXPENDED (CONTRIBUTED FUNDS, FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER) During Location and object To June 1929 30, yearending June 30, Total 1930 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill.............. $15, 921, 574. 12 $78, 864. 77 $16, 000, 438. 89 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930 ---- -------- --------------- ________ _ ___.......... 53, 688. 81 Returned to contributors by northern district: Fiscal year 1921------ ------------------------- ---------------------------- 2, 500. 00 Fiscal year 1922...---------.........-------------------------------------------------- 6, 241.25 Fiscal year 1923---- ------------------------------------------------------- 18, 458. 71 Fiscal year 1924 .-------- --------------------------------------------------- 8, 323. 98 Fiscal year 1925 ......---------..........--------.................... ................------------...----------------------------13, 738. 75 Fiscal year 1926.......---------- ------------------------------------------------- 32, 697. 26 Fiscal year 1928....-------- --------------------------------------------------- 32, 000. 00 Fiscal year 1929 (president's office)_....- .---------.. .- ----. 31, 019. 84 Returned to contributors by St. Louis engineer district: Fiscal year 1930---- -------------- -----------------------------------............ 3,860.40 Returned to contributors by first and second districts: Fiscal year 1924---.... £ ------.-- . 7, 757. 29 Fiscal year 1929 (Memphis engineer district) --------------....... ------------ 4, 107. 29 Fiscal year 1930 (Memphis engineer district)---............ --- ------------ 2, 964. 26 Returned to contributors by third district: Fiscal year 1928...----------------------------------------------------------- 13, 475. 48 Fiscal year 1929 (Vicksburg engineer district).------------- --------------- -- 32, 914. 07 Total contributed, etc------------................................-----............................ 16, 264, 186. 28 2Includes a minus contribution of $1,311,252.43 resulting from a reimbursement to con- tributors from appropriation for flood relief, Mississippi River, act of Mar. 23, 1928; and $23,500 received from local levee districts (minus $1,311,252.43 plus $23,500 equals minus $1,287,752.43 ). 2102 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 FUNDS CONTRIBUTED BY LOCAL LEVUE DISTRICTS FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER, ITS OUTLETS AND TRIBUTARIES Contributed for flood control, Mississippi River, its outlets and tributaries: Fiscal year 1929 - ------ 000 $-------------- Fiscal year 1930 ------------- ------------------------ 119, 123 Total contributed ___--- __-__-156, 123 EXPENDED (CONTRIBUTED FUNDS, FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER, ITS OUTLETS AND TRIBUTARIES) To June30 During year Location and object To1929 ' ending June Total 30, 1930 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill.------...---.. ... $4, 417.41 $32, 056. 99 $36, 474.40 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-- ------...............-.-.-.- -------... -- 117, 748. 60 Returned to contributors' by Rock Island engineer district, fiscal year 1930-.. ------------------------------- ---------- ------------ ------------- 1, 900. 00 Total contributed ----------------------------------------------------- 156, 123. 00 Statement of appropriations and expenditures to June 30, 1930, on works under the supervision of the Mississippi River Commission, distributed under new work and maintenance UNITED STATES FUNDS Expenditures (exclusive of receipts from sales, etc.) Class of work Appropriations New work Maintenance RIVER AND HARBOR FUNDS Levees-_ __-_-___ -- _------------__----------__ $40, 442,386.20 $38, 076, 187.18 $2, 366, 199. 02 Revetments.. ____. _-- __--- _-_-_..------.----_ 40, 246, 299.59 22, 648, 035.09 17, 598, 264. 50 Dredging and miscellaneous---- ----..........------ - -- 12, 267, 704. 62 9,204, 440.47 3, 063, 264. 15 Gaging waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries_ 251, 864. 11 251, 864. 11 . FLOOD CONTROL FUNDS Old project: Levees_----- ---------- __ -__.------____ 41, 755, 164.97 34, 234, 308. 07 7, 484, 801. 70 Revetments- _-...____ .............------- - - -- _ 40, 938, 170. 72 23,286, 111.55 17,652, 059.17 Dredging and miscellaneous_--. --- _----------- 9, 931, 111. 23 8, 345, 206. 69 1, 585, 904. 54 New project: Levees and flowage flood ways-------------------- 41, 786, 000. 05 16, 100, 144.52 1, 824, 609. 18 Revetments and contraction works---------------- 28, 028,438. 81 14,458, 241. 98 5,422, 056.39 Bonnet Carre spillway, construction of, etc--.....--. 6, 074, 000. 75 2, 775, 501. 73 Dredging and miscellaneous--_ ______-______ ___ 5,790, 461. 70 3,896, 770. 97 12,300. 84 Emergency flood control under section 7, flood con- trol act of May 15, 1928_-_ ____________-___ 1 488, 100. 00 2 6, 512. 85 8 428, 659. 87 Total___....______________. - ____-- ___-_-___._ 4 267, 999, 702. 75 173, 283, 325. 21 57, 438, 119.36 1 Does not include $661,888.68 allotted for work not under supervision of the Mississippi River Com- mission. 2 Does not include $301,537.82 expended for work not under supervision of the Mississippi River Com- mission. a Does not include $248,867.46 expended for work not under supervision of the Mississippi River Com- mission. 4 Does not include $4,085 expended for examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors but includes all other specific appropriations and permanent appropriations shown in table, recapitulation of appropriations, expenditures. etc., page 2107. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2103 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS 1 Expenditures (e x c 1u- sive of receipts from Amount Class of sales, etc.) Contributed by- work New work Mainte- nance NORTHERN DISTRICT (PRESIDENT'S OFFICE) Rock Island to New Boston, Ill.: Drury drainage district, Illinois--_----------- $47, 500. 00 Levees- -- $47,500.00 Subdistrict No. 1 of drainage union district No. 1, Illinois...------------------.............................. 16, 254. 99 .. do------- 16,254.99 Bay Island drainage and levee district No. 1, Illinois 82, 261. 25 _.do------- 82, 261. 25 ------------- Muscatine to mouth of Iowa River, Iowa: Muscatine-Louisa Island levee district, Iowa_ ,.. _ 44, 500.00 _._do...---- 44,500.00 ------------ Louisa County levee district No. 15, Iowa........ 60, 000. 00 __do..... 60,000.00 Mouth of Iowa River to Burlington, Iowa (Iowa River- Flint Creek levee district No. 16, Iowa),............ 172, 103. 33 _..do------- 172, 103. 33 ----------- ~ Oquawka to Dallas, Ill.: Henderson County drainage district No. 1, Illinois_ 572. 72 -- do-----.. 572. 72 ---------- Henderson County drainage district No. 3, Illinois. 20, 000. 00 .-- do------- 20,000.00 Warsaw to Quincy, Ill.: Hunt drainage district, Illinois _ Lima Lake drainage district, Illinois..----.-.-_- ------ 60, 150. 00 -- do------.... 28, 550.00 .. _do------.... 60, 150.00 ----------- ,- 28, 550.00 ------------, Mouth of Des Moines River to La Grange, Mo.: Gregory drainage district, Missouri_---..-.-.--. 8, 700. 00 __do....... 8,700. 00 Des Moines-Mississippi levee district No. 1, Mis- souri._... .-_ _ __-__ 20, 000. 00 --...do------- __------------------- 20, 000.00 ------------ La Grange to mouth of Missouri River, Mo.: Riverland levee district, Missouri._ 32, 758. 75 ___do.---... 32, 758. 75 Kings Lake drainage district, Missouri ._-------- 50, 921. 03 __.do------- 50, 921.03 ----------- Quincy to Hamburg Bay, Ill. (Sny Island levee drain- _.do------- age district Illinois) -- ----- 302, 302. 74 302, 302. 74 St. Louis to Cape- Girardeau, Mo.: Ste. Genevieve levee district No. 1, Missouri ...... 3, 500.00 .--.- do.---... do------- 3,500. 00 Levee district No. 1, Perry County, Moe .... 44, 565. 93 44, 565. 93 ------------ Levee district No. 2, Perry County, Mo ........... 53, 390. 64 _.do....... 53, 390. 64 ----------- Levee district No. 3, Perry County, Mo .......... 6, 125. 00 __do....... 6, 125.00 Prairie du Pont to Grand Tower, Ill.: (Decognia and Fountain Bluff levee and drainage district, Illinois)_ 9, 050.00 ---do---....... 9,050.00 ----------- Grand Tower to Gale, Ill.: Preston levee drainage district, Illinois ............. 28, 622. 41 ... o....... 28, 622.41 .. ddo....... Clear Creek drainage and levee district, Illinois -- 23, 216. 29 23, 216.29 East Cape Girardeau and Clear Creek drainage ------------ district, Illinois................_-...... -.-..... 51, 400. 00 51, 400.00 Total ................... ................... 1, 166, 445. 08 .......... _1, 166, 445.08 ROCK ISLAND ENGINEER DISTRICT Oquawka to Dallas, Ill.: Henderson County drainage district No. 1, Illinois. 52, 427. 28...do....... 52427.28 Henderson County drainage district No. 2, Illinois. 19, 000. 00 ... do....... 16, 663.61 ---......... Warsaw to Quincy, Ill.: Lima Lake drainage district, Illinois-__----------- 7, 500. 00...do-....... 6, 248.90 Indian Grave levee and drainage district, Illinois___ 13, 000. 00 __.do....... 13, 000.00 Des Moines.River to La Grange, Mo. (Des Moines- Mississippi levee district No. 1, Missouri)..__....... 59, 250. 00 _.do....... 9,921.14-......... Quincy to Hamburg Bay, Ill. (South Quincy drainage and levee district, Illinois) 9, 000. 00...do....... 4,455.71 ---...-..... New Boston to Oquawka, 111.(Keithsburg drainage district, Keithsburg, 11.)_____ 1, 140. 00-..-do....... 1,140.00 Mouth of Iowa River to Burlington, Iowa (Iowa River-Flint Creek levee district No. 16, Iowa)-....... ....... 8, 000. 00...do------- 2.67......... La Grange to mouth of Missouri River (Fabius River, Mississippi River, and North River, Marion County drainage district, Missouri)_.........._.............. 28, 333. 00...--do....... ......- ....- .. ....... T otal..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .. .. 197, 650. 28 103,859. 31 ........... ST. LOUIS ENGINEER DISTRICT Grand Tower to Gale, Ill. (Preston Levee drainage dis- 26, 317.19...do....... 26, 317.19.......... trict, Illinois). Illinois River: South Beardstown drainage and levee district, 11,250.00 -- do....... 759.83 Beardstown, Ill. Reconstruction and repair of levees, Beardstown, 33, 000. 001--do--.....--.-------------- Ill. _. Wood River (Wood River drainage and levee district, 31,000.00 -..do ...... 367.29..- ....- .... Madison County, Ill.). St. Louis to Cape Girardeau, Mo. (Ste. Genevieve levee 1,500.00 -- do--.............-- ------------ district No. 1, Ste. Genevieve County, Mo.). Total... 103, 19 ....-....... 067. 27, 444. 31 -.-......... 2104 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS -Continued Expenditures (e x c 1 u- sive of receipts from Class of sales, etc.) Contributed by- Amount work New work Mainte- nance MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT Flood control: Reelfoot levee district_______.... ___ __. Upper St. Francis levee district_ ____ __.. __. _ $183, 472.48 Levees- ... 1, 246, 104. 83 -- __do.... $171,082 36 $11, 1, 21, 548.00 -. 771.61 4, 556. 83 Lower St. Francis levee district_...___ _ 2, 161, 491. 23-- do.- 2,133, 142.13 28, 349.10 White River levee district--.... 997,036. 24 ___do.... 948, 798. 07 46,833.12 Levees, tributary streams .... __ _ 12, 000.00 -__do -..--- 12, 000.00 Improvement of Mississippi River: Yazoo-Mississippi Delta levee district--_-----------2,400.00 Do--.------- - --------------- 2,700,000.00 Re vet- 2,224, ----- - 549.54 474, 489.53 mehts. Mound City, Ill --. 6,604.00 Levees ... 6,481 92 St. Francis levee district of Mo. (revetment at Gayoso 150, 000.00 Re vet- 150,000.00 Bend, Mo.). ments. St. Francis levee district of Ark. (revetment at Wy- 60,000,.00 -- do.......59, 300.26 699.74 anoke Landing, Ark.). Cairo drainage district (revetment Ohio River be- 20, 000.00 ___do ..... 20, 000.00 low Cache River). Hickman, Ky., board of trade 20,500 00 __,do _... 20, 500.00 River and Rail Storage Co., Memphis, Tenn_..... 1,066.61 -__do.. . ------------ 1,066.61 Total. ------------------ --------- 7,560,675.39.----------- 6,975,402 28 579, 766.54 VICKSBURG ENGINEER DISTRICT Flood control: Fifth Louisiana levee district______. . ____ 1,280,595 55 Levees .. 1,273, 959. 85 6, 635. 70 Southeast Arkansas levee district_ .. ___ 850,470. 87. .__do ..- 843,835 18 6. 635. 69 Tensas Basin levee district-....... 768, 804. 21 _ ._do..-- 762, 18 52 6, 635. 69 Mississippi levee commissioners_. _ _- 2, 974, 659. 59 -__do. -__ 2, 954, 752 51 19, 907.08 Farelly Lake levee district______ 15, 000. 00_ _do...-- 15,000 00 Yazoo-Mississippi :Delta levee district.. Improvement of Mississippi River: - 179, 799. 63 ._.do...... 179, 799. 63 Mississippi levee commissioners_ . . ... .... . 147, 500 00 Revet- 137, 500 00 10, 000.00 ments. Fifth Louisiana levee district ...............___.__ 13,292 00 Levees -.. 13, 292 00 Goodrich, La ... __ ....... ............ _... 55, 000. 00 Revet- 55, 000 00 49...814. 16 ments. City of Greenville, Miss _..... .. - .... 13, 000. 00 S_do..... 000. 00 13, Total_ --------.-__ .- - 6, 298, 121 85_......... 6, 248. 307. 69 49, 814. 16 SECOND NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT Lower Tensas levee district__________ _______________ 1, 780, 479 21 Levees 1,772, 197.38 8,281.83 Red River, Atchafalaya, and Bayou Boeuf levee dis- 57, 861 61 do -. 57, 861.61 . tricts. Atchafalays levee district 1, 027, 881.05 do _- _. 1, 020, 920 05 6,961.00 La Fourche levee district ---------------- _ 321, 395. 45 .-do ----- 321, 395 45 ,--. Barataria levee district__________ 261,430.80 __do______ 253, 061.38 8,369.42 Pontchartrain levee district-_ Lake Borgne levee district - _ ______ 689, 414. 44 - do --- 689,414.44 235, 475 81. _do .. . 235, 475 81 ------ Torras, La ........... ------------------- _-------- _ 2, 453. 74 Re vvete t- 2, 453. 74 ___ rents. Avondale, La._. . __ _ 32, 467. 28 _do - - 32, 467. 28 ._......... Total_ . ----------------- 4, 408, 859. 39 --...--.- - 4, 385, 247. 141 23, 612. 25 Grand total.-.--.. ._ _ _ _ 519,734,819 181 -18,906,705.81E 653,192. 95 I Does not include $231,745.49, returned to contributors. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2105 Expend~tures by State and locaul organizattions to December 31, 1929 Name of State or local organization Location work of Classof work Amountex- pended REPORTED BY ROCK ISLAND ENGINEER DISTRICT Winfleld levee and drainage district_...-.----------------- Missouri.....--- Levees.... $103, 137. 00 Cap au Gris drainage And levee district____-- -_________ -----....do - .......-__do..... 62, 294. 91 Foley levee and drainage district__ __.__ . .____ - - .do-........ --. do .... 17, 484. 62 Kings Lake drainage district__________ _____ _____ __ -.. .do __.do .---- -......... 250.00 Elsberry drainage district ____ __________..__... 268, 727. 25 Riverland levee district_. ____.. _______ __ ___. _--do.... 70, 337. 17 Sny Island drainage district_----------__ --- __---- Illinois .....__ .-do.... 857, 085. 56 South River drainage district.______ _______ Missouri.. .. -_.do ..... 224, 183.61 South Quincy drainage and levee district__. .. __. .... __ Illinois...... --__.do_ 153, 949. 14 Marion County drainage district ..________ . _______ Missouri- -- __do ...... 138, 960.00 Fabius River drainage district_____ ..- ................ __.. ._. do...... --. do ..-- 147, 658. 28 Union Township district__________________ ____ -__-_.do ..... -- __.do_ ... 164, 175.00 Indian Grave drainage district___________ _____.__ Illinois .... __do ..... -- 492, 384. 78 Lima Lake drainage district_____________ __ ___ __-do .... 216, 825. 57 Hunt drainage district..... _________________________ .. do ... __-do ...... 281,975. 00 Gregory drainage district._______________ __ Missouri .do .--- .-- 132, 267. 55 Des Moines and Mississippi levee district No. 1 _- ---- - _--do. ..... -- __.do ...... 1,000.00 Green Bay levee and drainage district__ ____________ Iowa ____...._ _--do ...... 524, 916. 97 Henderson County drainage district No. 2_..____....___ Illinois ..... __.do 69, 043. 23 Henderson County drainage district No. 1-................ .. do _..... --. do .----- ..... 98, 400. 24 Henderson County drainage district No. 3 ................ --.. do ---......_do ..... 27, 398. 43 Iowa River-Flint Creek levee district No. 16_...__ ........__ Iowa ........ _--do ..--- 39, 999. 50 Keithsburg drainage district No. 1_______.____. ________ Illinois.__...._ 25, 992. 27 Louisa County levee district No. 15___________________ Iowa _-_...... -_do ...... 100, 880. 19 Bay Island drainage and levee district No. 1------ .-- Illinois ....... .--do ----- 168, 677. 06 Muscatine-Louisa Island levee district------- - Iowa...__ ____ .do 65, 959. 07 Subdistrict N o. 1 of drainage union district N o. 1 .._........ Illinois __..--- _do....... 177, 565. 00 Drury drainage district._______________............. .. ..... do ......-.. do .... 190, 281. 27 Total--...-----------------------------------I...------- 4, 821, 808. 67 REPORTED BY ST. LOUIS ENGINEER DISTRICT Beardstown levee and drainage district ------------- ---- Illinois ....--- Levees__- 69, 315.66 South Beardstown levee and drainage district_.......... .. -..... do........ .--.do ... 741, 215.00 Crane Creek levee and drainage district.....---..... .- .- _do....-... 500,119. 00 Big Prairie levee and drainage district. ..................... _..... 176, 104.00 .--. do do........ ... ___do....... .. Little Creek levee and drainage district._...... .......... do- . 131, 000.00 ..-.. do........ Meredosia Lake levee and drainage district.. .......... _ . _-..do......--.--. do .... 263, 734. 00 Nutwood levee and drainage district.. ...................... ..... do........ 553, 000. 00 Mauvaise Terre levee and drainage district-_-.--------------- .. do......-- ... do ... - - .do -- 168,169.90 West Alton drainage district-........ ...... . _....---- ...---- Missouri... 4, 478.87 Choteau, Nameoki, and Venice levee and drainage district__.. Illinois...... ..__do.... 222, 500. 00 Choteau Island drainage and levee district-------... --.do..... 113, 385. 21 ..---... --- ...... do _ . _.. East Side levee and sanitary district ___..... _____..-.._--_.. ..... do ...... --. do .. 3, 430, 911.45 Prairie DuPont drainage and levee district-- ------..... .... do........ ___do -- do . ..... 93,179.60 Wilson and Wenkel drainage and levee district No. 6 -.-. ....do .... 1,062.00 Columbia drainage and levee district No. 3 ----........--------- _.... do...-.... 377, 965. 59 Harrisonville and Ivy Landing levee and drainage district .-..do........ 456, 944. 67 No. 2. Moredock and Ivy Landing drainage district No. 1-..-...... ....do..........._ do....... 5, 428. 13 Fort Chartres and Ivy Landing levee and drainage district ....do ........--... do .... 99. 60 No. 5. Ste. Genevieve levee district ........... ..................... Missouri..... .__do....---- 88, 511.17 Kaskaskia Island drainage and levee district ___-............. ..... do........ --.do...... 268, 171.88 Levee district No. 1, Perry County ... - ..----------------- .... do ....... .-- do...... 95, 703. 41 Levee district No. 2, Perry County_____ ..................... ..... do...----- .do ... 105, 500.48 Levee district No. 3, Perry County_........................ ....do-....... 83, 070. 64 Degognia and Fountain Bluff levee and drainage district...... Illinois ...... 265, 432. 91 Grand Tower drainage and levee district.................... ....do ........ - .do..... 2, 860. 00 Preston levee and drainage district_.................. ...do .- 153, 885. 63 Clear Creek drainage and levee district ...__ _.... .... ...... -- do........ ..... ,do------ 171, 995. 68 North Alexander County drainage district.--_ . .-----------.... .... _do........ .__do .... 78, 564. 25 East Cape Girardeau and Clear Creek drainage district.----- ___do...... 158, 051. 83 Total-....... .... ____.... . ..........------............ - - -- ----- 8,780, 360.56 REPORTED BY MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT Mound City levee--------------------------.................---------.......... Illinois --.. Levees ... 115, 200. 00 Cairo City levee-.._ ................. _ ..... __ ... ... --..do......--__do ... 283,489.31 Cairo drainage district__.__......______ _____............. ....do..----- __do-.. .. 896, 085. 14 Little River drainage district.....____________...._.............. Missouri... ._do. ... 2, 070, 002. 47 Upper St. Francis levee district: Levee district No. 2, Scott County._.....__. .......... do......---- --... __do - 323, 050.77 Levee districts Nos. 1 and 3, Mississippi County-......... do ......... do ... ... 1,308, 327.69 St. John levee and drainage district.........-------....... .... do. ........do ... 1,238, 492.75 New Madrid-Sikeston Ridge levee.................---------------- do ........ do.... ..... 230, 424.80 Reelfoot levee district: Fulton County levee board commissioners.--------------- Kentucky........ do .... 305, 456. 49 Reelfoot levee district of Lake and Obion Counties.------- Tennessee ........do .... 342, 230.93 2106 REPORT OF -C S OF NOIEERS U. . ARMY, 1930 Bapenditure8 ation8 to December 31, 199--Continued by State and local orgaPC Name of State or local organization Locawtin of Clwork Ampendex- REPORTED BY MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT--continued Lower St. Francis levee district: St. Franeilevee istict.........................-------------------------.... Missouri ....-. Levees._. $2, 633, 881. 78 St. Francis levee district........... . Arkansas ....--- ...------------------ - 13, 254, 014. 23 do----..... Upper Yazoo levee district: Yazoo-Mississippi Delta levee district----....-.--. ------------- _- -_-_-_-_Mississippi--.......do -_ 22, 081,952. 22 White River levee district: Helena Improvement levee district No. 1-------------- Arkansas-- ..... do--......894,477. 44 Cotton Belt levee district No. 1...-------------------------do-----.....---..do... 1,247, 942. 24 Laconia drainage and levee district ... _____...__do_ -.......-- do ... 449, 516.88 Laconia levee district No. 1-__-__ ___-______.. ... do- .. .. do ... 579, 734. 63 Laconia Circle special drainage district of Desha County .----do---...----- do ----- 10, 002. 09 White River drainage district of Phillips and Desha Counties__. -- ---------------------------------------- . do-----.....----.do ---- 11, 173.31 Levees, tributary streams: White River levee district of Woodruff, Prairie, and Monroe Counties....---------- ------- --------- -----do-------.. --..--do ---- 1,967, 805. 34 Clarendon levee district-___ _..--- -_____-__-_ __-..do--....------.. do..- 91,904. 89 Phillips County drainage district No. 1 of Phillips and Monroe Counties_______. ' ----- ___ ___--- __ do.--......--- ... do ..-. 417, 550. 72 Total._. _ ....--------------------------------- ---------------- ...-----------...50, 752, 716.12 REPORTED BY VICKSBURG ENGINEER DISTRICT Upper Tensas levee district: Southeast Arkansas levee district and predecessor _.. Arkansas-..... Levees.... 4, 453,355. 11' Tensas Basin levee district and State of Louisiana-..-.._. Arkansas and Louisiana. do------...... --- 3,781, 222.98 Fifth Louisiana levee district and State of Louisiana-. _ Louisiana ..------- do------ 7, 044, 570.51 Lower Yazoo levee district (including Brunswick extension): Mississippi levee commissioners_ -------------------- Mississippi.. do- 23, 528, 143.86 Yazoo-Mississippi Delta levee district__-__- . -- _----- do....--------do 17, 235. 10 Total..... ... .....---------------------------------- ---------------------------- 38, 824, 527. 56 REPORTED BY SECOND NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT Fifth Louisiana levee district (in the United States lower Louisiana_ ... Leeves .... 4, 950, 625. 45 Tensas levee district). Tensas Basin levee board (in the United States lower Tensas . .. do .......do .. 25, 000.00 levee district). Red River, Atchafalaya and Bayou Boeuf levee district: In the United States lower Tensas levee district-----_ .. ----..-do.........--- do... 25, 000. 00 On Red River and west side of Atchafalaya levee district .---do ...----------do--- ---. 3,447, 187.26 Atchafalaya Basin levee district: In the United States Atchafalaya levee district .-----. __ -do-........ do .. . 9, 012, 519. 04 Atchafalaya River (east side)------ ------------------ -- do--------- ... do-----.. - 9, 167, 174. 21 Lafourche Basin levee district: In the United States Lafourche levee district- _............... do__...._..do .. 6, 596, 129.31 In the United States Barataria levee district ------------ -- do-..--.....do.. 2,666, 081.75, Buras levee district (in the United States Barataria levee dis- _....do ........ do.. 1, 112, 089. 14 trict). Pontchartrain levee district (in the United States Pontchar- -- do-...--- __do .. 7, 704, 594. 15 train levee district). Lake Borgne levee district (in the United States Lake Borgne ..--do--..- ...... do 2, 082, 098. 10 levee district). Grand Prairielevee district (in the United States Lake Borgne ..... do.. ..----do.. 999, 039.60, levee district). Saline levee and drainage district_ _____ __- ____------- do.....-------...do .. 11, 410. 14 Orleans levee board (including locks)--. ___---_---_ _------------do....-----..do. _. 34, 973,800.88 Total.. 82, 772, 749.03 ----------------..........---------------------------------- Recapitulation of appropriations,expenditures,letc.,Iunder direction of the]Mississippi River Commission, to .June 80, 1990 ______.Additions Total allot- Net expendi- Balance unex- Net amount to ments from Total to be Appropriation for- tures to June pended June 30, be accounted for Deductions Receipts Transferred accounted for specific appro- from sales, from former 30, 1930 1930 to June 30, 1930 priations etc. appropria- tions I I SPECIFIC APPROPRIATIONS M ississippi River..... .... ... .... .... __ .. ........ $82, 958, 119. 69 -_.-- -______- 1 $82, 958,119.69 1 $7, 490. 99 $82, 965, 610. 68 $305, 355. 92 2$295,151.51 $83, 566, 118. 11 Maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works.. .....---.. ..---------- 7, 750,000.00 1____------------- 7, 750, 000. 00----------- 7, 750, 000. 00 11, 505. 73---------- 7, 761, 505. 73 Flood control, Mississippi River and Sacramento River, Calif. 32, 340, 000. 00 32, 340, 000. 00 ----------- 32, 340, 000. 00 168, 032. 92 32, 508, 032. 92 .--------- 0 Flood control, Mississippi River_-.--...-.--.---.-...-. 61, 259, 959. 74 $600, 813.64 61, 860, 773. 38 ----------- 61, 860, 773. 38 806, 762. 12---------_ 62, 667, 535. 50 Flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries-........ 33, 315, 596. 41 36, 624, 517. 26 69, 940, 113.67 ------ 69, 940, 113. 67 172, 472. 86 --------- 70,112, 586. 53 Emergency flood control, Mississippi River__------ 7, 751, 454. 72 7, 751, 454. 72 1 13. 50 7, 751, 468. 22 719.55--- -- 7, 752, 187. 77 H Emergency fund for flood control on*tributaries of Mis- sissippi River........- Flood protection on White River, Woodruff and Mon- 3435, 172. 72 452, 927. 28 1 488,100. 00 ----------- a 488, 100. 00 5488, 100. 00 25, 000. 00 -__--_-_- 25,000.00 25,000.00 1, 311, 252. 43 -- -- -- -- ----I... roe Counties, Ark_................... _- 25, 000. 00 ---------- .. -- -- -- Flood relief, Mississippi River.. 1, 311, 252. 43------------ - 1, 311, 252, 43------- .--- 1, 311, 252. 43 Preserving and protecting levees not under Govern- ment control on Mississippi River, its tributaries and outlets, during flood emergency .... 68, 500. 00------------ 68, 500. 00- .. .- 68, 500.00 1,276.37.---------- 69, 776. 37 O Repairing and restoring levees on the Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill.................. -.-.............. . 71, 992. 57 71, 992. 57 1 28, 007. 43 100,000.00 100, 000. 00 Rebuilding levees of the Mississippi River and its trib- utaries damaged by floods............................ i1 448 102 52 1,448, 102. 52 151, 897. 48 1, 500,000.00 1 1,169.66 I__..._ 1, 501, 169. 66 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors _.. .. ... .. .. ... .. .- .-- -- .---- .--- 4, 085. 00 - - - - 4, 085. 00 ---- . .----- 4,085.00.-...-..-------------- 4,085.00 Maintaining and protecting levees of Mississippi River and tributaries against floods.. ........ __________ 454,124.11- _ 454, 124. 11 1 195, 875. 89 650, 000. 00 1 490. 80 650, 490. 80 Repairing Government levee at Walnut Bend, Ark _.. 90, 000. 00 ---------------- 90, 000.00 90, 000. 00 - - -. - - - - - 90, 000.00 Waterway from Lockport, Ill., to St. Louis, Mo....... 21, 197. 83 21,197. 83 1 3, 802.17 25, 000. 00 -----.--.-.--- 25, 000.00 Emergencies in river and harbor works-....._...--- 58,000.00 -- - - - - - - 58, 000. 00 _ ------------- 58, 000. 00 1 58, 000. 00 I _ i I - 1 1-- Total.......................................... s 229,362, 557. 74 37, 278, 258. 18 7 266,640, 815. 92 1 287, 087.46 266, 927, 903. 38 1, 467, 785.93 295,151. 51 268, 690, 840. 82 (Footnotes at end of table) 0 Recapitulation of appropriations, expenditures, etc., under direction of the Mississippi River Commission, to June 30, 1930-Continued 0 00 Additions Net expendi- Balance unex- Net amount Returned to Total contrib- Transferred Total to be tures to June pended June 30, contributed contributors uted funds Receipts, ,rom former accounted for 30, 1930 1930 from sales, appropria- etc. 0 tions 0 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS Contributed funds, improvement Mississippi River.... $3, 487,800.62 $3, 483. 01 $3, 491, 283. 63 $13, 812. 37 $3, 505, 096. 00 $3, 505, 096. 00 0 Contributed funds, flood control acts.................. 16, 035, 847. 68 171, 437. 41 16, 207, 285. 09 211, 958. 58 16, 419, 243. 67 $1,065.61---------- 16, 420, 309. 28 Contributed funds, repairing and restoring levees above Cairo, Ill.......-..........-.......................... 36, 250. 46 ...--........---- 36, 250. 46 5, 974. 54 42,225. 00 --.---.---.---..-.....----- 42, 225. 00 .. 19, 559, 898. 76 Total..............-------------------............ 174, 920.42 19, 734, 819. 18 231, 745. 49 19, 966, 564. 67 1,065. 61-----------........... 19, 967, 630. 28 0 Consolidated specific appropriations and contributed funds------------------------------------ -------- 248, 922, 456. 50 37, 453, 178.60 286, 375, 635. 10 518, 832.95 286, 894, 468.05 1,468, 851.54 $295, 151.51 288,658, 471. 10 t Net amount to Total allot- be accounted for Deductions ments from 03 to June 30, 1930 appropriations 0 CC PERMANENT APPROPRIATIONS, ETC. 0 Hy Gaging waters of the Mississippi River and its tribu- taries....------------------------------------ 8251, 864.11 . $251, 864.11 10o$12,018.93 $263,883.04-----.---------- -__- 8 263, 883. 04 Improving Yazoo River and tributaries, Mississippi. 4,442. 29 ----- 0 4, 442. 29 1114, 772. 52 19, 214. 81 ------------------------- - 19, 214. 81 0 Removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or en- dangering navigation, indefinite ....... _ _____ 987. 21 -_21--. 22, - 22, 987. 21 --- 22,987. 21-----.-.-------------- -22, 987. 21 Claims for damages by collision, river and harbor works_ 561.02 - - - - - - 561.02 - - --. - -561.02 - - - - -.- --......561.02 Modifications and readjustments of contracts, river and harbor improvements ...------------------------------ 73, 135. 35 ---------------- 73, 135. 35 10210. 32 73, 345. 67 ------ ___-----.--- _--. 73, 345. 67 Additional payment to Walter H. Denison, contract for improvement, Mississippi River, - - 18, 000.00 ____________-. 18,000.00 -------------- 18,000.00 ---------. _----------- 18, 000.00 Deficiency act, Mar. 1, 1921__ 343, 438. 24 .------ 343, 438. 24 -------------- 343,438. 24 -------------------------- 343, 438. 24 Increase of compensation, rivers and harbors and War Department.------------------------------ 648, 543. 61 ---------------- 648, 543.61------------- 12 648, 543. 61--------------- . u 648, 543.61 Total_------ .---------------------------1,362, 971.83 -------- _ -___- 1, 362, 971.83 27, 001.77 1, 389, 973. 60----- __------- - . -__ 1, 389, 973. 60 Grand total of app epriations and contributed funds-_----------- ------------------ 250, 285, 428. 33 37, 453, 178. 60 287, 738, 606. 93 545, 834.72 288, 284, 441. 65 1, 468, 851. 54 295, 151. 51 290,048,444.70 -- 1 Carried to surplus fund. 2 Unexpended balances received from former appropriations. Of this amount, $123.42 was carried to surplus fund and $295,028.09 was expended though not included in net ex- penditures reported herein and in cost and financial summary (Form No. 90). ' Does not include $550,405.28, expended for work not under supervision of the Mississippi River Commission, but included with this $435,172.72 in separate cost and financial summary (Form No. 90) for the emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of the Mississippi River. 4 Does not include $111,483.40 allotted for work not under supervision of the Mississippi River Commission but included with this $52,927,28 in separate cost and financial summary (Form No. 90) for the emergency fund. b Does not include $661,888.68 allotted for work not under supervision of the Mississippi River Commission but included with this $488,100 in separate cost and financial summary (Form No. 90) for the emergency fund. 6 To make this amount check against the total net expenditures to June 30, 1930, as reported on line 9 of cost and financial summary (Form No. 90), deduct $435,172.72 expended from the emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River. This $435,172.72, expended for work under supervision of the Mississippi River Commission, is in- cluded with $550,405.28 expended not under supervision of the Mississippi River Commission, reported on line 9 of separate cost and financial summary (Form No. 90) for the emer- gency fund. 7 To make this amount check against net total specific appropriations shown on line 11, cost and financial summary (Form No. 90), deduct $488,100 allotted from the emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of the Mississippi River, which amount is accounted for on separate cost and financial summary (Form No. 90) together with $661,888.68, also allotted from the emergency fund but for work not under supervision of the Mississippi River Commission. 8 Since Feb. 11, 1901. Does not include previous expenditures, $139,807.77, not under direction of the Mississippi River Commission, which are included elsewhere in the Annual Report and on the financial statement of the president, Mississippi River Commission. 9 Since Mar. 4, 1913. Does not include previous expenditures, $1,243,835.49 not under direction of the Mississippi River Commission, which are included elsewhere in the Annual Report but are not shown in the financial statement of any Mississippi River Commission district. to Unexpended balance reverted to Treasury. 11 Transferred to control of district engineer office, Vicksburg, Miss., Oct. 9, 1916, under provision of river and harbor act of July 27, 1916. (ED 7716-38.) 12 Does not include amounts reverted to the Treasury. o rJ2 7J 2110 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 Consol4dated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississippi River Commission, June 30, 1930 OFFICE OF PRESIDENT, MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION (Footnotes at end of table) Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River Dredging and miscellaneous Mississippi Surveys, Expended River gages, and allotments Total Commission observations (levees) (act of Mar. (act of Feb. 23, 1928) 23, 1927) Amount expended on previous project-...... I$728,732. 94 2 $642, 722. 59 3 $1,045, 531. 41 $2,416.986.94 Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year...................-- -196, 073. 33 -91, 606. 52 19, 287. 55 -268, 392. 30 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year----....---- ..------------------- 93, 327. 19 83, 812. 88 .---.------. -- 177,140. 07 Amount to be accounted for... --........--- 93, 327. 19 83, 812.88 177, 140. 07 Deductions ........ ..----------------------6 163, 246. 39 7 85, 448. 97 - 248, 695. 36 Net amount to be accounted for...... -69, 919. 20 -1,636.09 - - - -- 71, 555. 29 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month__ -69, 919. 20 -1, 636. 09 -- 71, 555. 29 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year ... ... . ............. . ... .... -69, 919. 20 -1, 636. 09---------- - -71, 555. 29 Net expenditures this fiscal year .... -69, 919. 20 -1,636.09 ..-- - - -- -71, 555. 29 Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries Allotments to office, Chief Mississippi River of Engineers, for Missis- Commission sippi River Commission work Act of Act of Feb. Act. of Feb. Act of May May 29, 1928 28, 1929 28, 1929 28, 1930 Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year-------------- ----------------- ---------- $21,887. 92 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year- --.. _ $348. 24 228, 112. 08 _ Amount allotted present fiscal year _-_ __- -- -__ 68, 000. 00 1 $12, 000. 00 .__________5 14$18, 300. 00 Amount to be accounted for---................... . 348. 24 296, 112. 08 12, 000. 00 18, 300. 00 Deductions ------------------------------- 8 348. 24 9 119, 806. 93 ____________ Net amount to be accounted for..... _--------------_ 176, 305. 15 12, 000. 00 18, 300. 00 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month.......--------.......----------. 94, 275. 07 8,606. 03 Present month..--------------------------------- 25, 130. 17 1, 099. 19 - Total gross amount expended this fiscal year _... _ _ _ .1 1o 119, 405. 24 169, 705. 22 _ Less receipts from sales_______..........___-__- ____.___- -- 282. 67 .. - ------------ Net expenditures this fiscal year......... ...- _____.. 119, 122. 57 9, 705. 22 .. Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury United States_------------------------ 18, 361. 00 766. 02 18, 300. 00 In hand ----------------... ------------------------ 38, 821. 58 1,528. 76 -_ Total unexpended at end of month-........._...... __.. 57, 182. 58 2, 294. 78 18, 300. 00 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less ac- counts receivable-------......................... .......... -- 132, 656. 95 200. 00 ----..--...... Total outstanding..............................__...... -132, 656. 95 200. 00 .............. Balance available at end of month--.................. - . 189, 839. 53 -____ 2, 094.78 18, 300. 00 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2111 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under Miss8issippi River Comm4ssion, June 30, 1980--Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries- Continued Expepded con- Expended Grand total Hydraulic tributed funds appropriations laboratory Total (act of Feb. 28, 1929) Amount expended on pre- vious project ..___--------- ............. 11$1, 166, 445. 08 12$8, 430, 421. 14 $12, 013, 853. 16 Amount expended on pres- ent project to end of last fiscal year ...-------------- $21, 887. 92 .-----------.............--------------.. -246, 504. 38 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year-...... 228, 460. 32 ...........--..---..-----...------------------- 405, 600. 39 Amount allotted present fis- cal year-.... -------------- 15$129, 128. 29 227,428.29 ................................ 227, 428. 29 Amounit to be accou td for. 129, 128. 29 455, 888. 61 -------------------------- 633, 028.68 Dedtiitions.__---__---------- 120,155.17 ..-------------------------.............. 368, 850. 53 Net amount to be ac- counted for_...-..... 129, 128. 29 335, 733. 44 ....----------------.....----------................... 264, 178. 15 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month......---- 2, 033. 82 104, 914. 92 .........--.....-----------................ 33, 359. 63 Present month---------- 11, 823. 65 38, 053. 01 ...----------....----------........ 38, 053.01 Total gross amount ex- pended this fiscal year .... 18 13, 857. 47 142, 967. 93 ..............------------...----------.............. 71, 412. 64 Less receipts from sales-..... 282. 67 .........----- --...........--..-------........ 282. 67 Net expenditures this fiscal year--------...... 13, 857. 47 142, 685. 26 ----------------------------- 71, 129. 97 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury United States __ _ 82, 851. 93 120, 278. 95 .....-------------------------........... 120, 278. 95 In hand. -------- --- 32, 418. 89 72, 769. 23 ------------------------- 72, 769. 23 Total unexpended at end of month........ 115, 270. 82 193, 048. 18 .......----.......------------...-------- 193, 048. 18 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable_ ______ -13, 857. 47 .. -146, 314. 42 .......----...------------------- -146, 314. 42 Total outstanding---- -13, 857. 47 -146, 314. 42 ........--------........------------......... -146, 314. 42 Balance available at end of month.......--------------- 129, 128. 29 339, 362. 60 ......------------- I-------- 339, 362. 60 1 Includes only $226,051.71 expended under act of Mar. 23, 1928, the balance being expended under acts prior to this act. s Includes only $152,914.62 expended under act of Feb. 23, 1927, the balance being expended under acts prior to this act. 3 Expended allotments (flood control, Mississippi River-old project): Allotments for levees- Rock Island to New Boston, Ill.- Subdistrict No. 1 of drainage union district No. 1, Illinois...... $32,499. 20 Bay Island drainage and levee district No. 1, Illinois----------..... 94, 218. 17 $126, 717. 37 La Grange to mouth of Missouri River, Mo. (Kings Lake drainage district, Missouri)....-------------------------------------------------------61,746. 25 Muscatine to mouth of Iowa River, Iowa (Louisa County levee district No. 15, Iowa) ---------------------------------------------------------- 80, 000. 00 Mouth of Iowa River to Burlington, Iowa (Iowa River-Flint Creek levee dis- trict No. 16, Iowa) ....--- ---------------------------------------- 264, 205. 74 Oquawka to Dallas, Ill. (Henderson County drainage district No. 3, Illinois)..... 40, 000. 00 Quincy to Hamburg Bay, Ill. (Sny Island levee drainage district, Illinois)..-------- 201, 604. 89 Mouth of Des Moines River to La Grange, Mo. (Des Moines-Mississippi levee district No. 1, Missouri) .....................................-----------------......--------------------------.......... 40, 000. 00 11714--ENG 1930---133 2112 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, t. S. ARMY,' 1930 (Footnote 3 continued) St. Louis to Cape Girardeau, Mo.- Levee district No. 1, Perry County, Mo.. .------------------------------ $87, 198. 33 Levee district No. 2, Perry County, Mo ------------------------------- 85,335.44 Levee district No. 3, Perry County, Mo----- -------------------------- 7,974.16 ---------------------------- 5,232. 04 St. Genevieve levee district No. 1, Missouri..... Grand Tower to Gale, Ill. (Preston levee drainage district, Illinois) 42, 517. 19 -------------- Total expended allotments for levees---------------------------------..................................... 1,045,531.41 4 Expended allotments (flood control, Mississippi River-new project): Allotments for levees- Oquawka to Dallase Ill. (Henderson County drainage district No. 1, Illinois)-.____ 1, 145.42 St. Louis to Cape Girardeau, Mo. (levee district No. 2, Perry County, Mo.). Grand Tower to Gale, Ill. (Preston levee drainage district, Illinois) 11, 014. 54 ..---------------7,127. 59 ------- Total expended allotments for levees_ .. ..----------------------------------- 19, 287. 55 & Includes allotments as follows: Dec. 26, 1929, Serial No. C-5591, ED 7402A (Miss. R.)-372 and P-3241- 166-23a ($50,000); Mar. 17, 1930, Serial No. C-5786, ED 6500 (Miss. R. Floodways)36 and P-3241-227-1' for investigation and studies pertaining to flood control in alluvial valley of the Mississippi River, by Department of Agriculture ($12,000); and May 15, 1930, Serial No. C-5938, ED 6500 (Miss. R. flood- ways)47 and P-3241-227-3, for investigation and studies pertaining to flood control in alluvial valley of the Mississippi River, by Department of Agriculture ($6,000). 6 Includes $163,244.10 revoked Sept. 28, 1929, Serial No. C-5443, ED 7402A (Miss. R.)-303 and P-3241- 66-49a, for reallotment of $8,193.07 to Vicksburg engineer district and $155,051.03 to Memphis engineer district for revetments; and $2.29 revoked Jan. 15, 1930, Serial No. C-5663, ED 7402A (Miss. R.)-404 and P-3241-189-1, for reallotment to Memphis engineer district for surveys, gages, and observations. 7 Includes $85,000 revoked Sept. 26, 1929, Serial No. C-5439, ED 7402A (Miss. R.)-291 and P-3241-66-45b, and $439.64 revoked Sept. 28, 1929, Serial No. C-5443, ED 7402A (Miss. R.)-303 and P-3241-66-49a, for reallotment of $85,000 for Mississippi levees, etc., and $439.64 for revetments, Memphis engineer district; also includes $9.33 revoked Jan. 15, 1930, Serial No. C-5663, ED 7402A (Miss. R.)-404 and P-3241-189-1, for reallotment to Memphis engineer district. 1 Revoked Jan. 15, 1930, Serial No. C-5663, ED 7402A (Miss. R.)-404 and P-3241-189-1, for reallotment to Memphis engineer district. 9 Includes $50,000 revoked Aug. 26, 1929, Serial No. C-5385, ED 7402A (Miss. R.)-294 and P-3241-151-3. for reallotment to Memphis engineer district; and $69,806.93 revoked Sept. 28, 1929, Serial No. C-5446, ED 7402A (Miss. R.)-303 and P-3241-66-49b for reallotment to Vicksburg engineer district for revetments. to Includes outstanding claims for reimbursement amounting to $134,098.94. ii Expended contributed funds: Contributed fbr levees (flood control, Mississippi River)- Rock Island to New Boston, Ill.- Subdistrict No. 1, of drainage union district No. 1, Illinois.--- -----------..... .. ...-.- .$16, 254. 99 Drury drainage district, Illinois ----------------- _ 47, 500. 00 Bay Island drainage and levee district No. 1, Illinois- 82, 261.25 River, Iowa- - $146,016.24 Muscatine to mouth of Iowa Muscatine-Louisa Island levee district, Iowa-....... 44, 500. 00 Louisa County levee district No. 15, Iowa.........---------- 60, 000. 00 104, 500. 00 Warsaw to Quincy, Ill.- Hunt drainage district, Illinois__------------------ 60,150. 00 Lima Lake drainage district, Illinois-------------- 28, 550. 00 La Grange, Mo.- Mouth of Des Moines River to Gregory drainage district, Missouri- --------...--- 7,200.00 Des Moines-Mississippi levee district No. 1, Mis- souri ..... ...------------------------------------ 20,000. 00 27, 200.00 La Grange to mouth of Missouri River, Mo.- Riverland levee district, Missouri.....---------------- 32, 758. 75 Kings Lake drainage district, Missouri -------.............-- 50, 921.03 83, 679. 78 Prairie du Pont to Grand Tower, Ill. (Degognia and Fountain Bluff levee and drainage district, Illinois)- ..-----.------.-------.------ _5, 650. 00 St. Louis to Cape Girardeau, Mo.- Levee district No. 1, Perry County, Mo-------.........---. $42, 865.93 Levee district No. 2, Perry County, Mo---..--..-----.. 47, 590. 64 90, 456. 57 Grand Tower to Gale, Ill.- Clear Creek drainage and levee district, Illinois.. . 22, 191. 29 East Cape Girardeau and Clear Creek drainage district, Illinois_. - 47, 000. 00 Preston levee drainage district, Illinois....------------ 24, 822.41 94, 013. 70 Oquawka to Dallas, Ill.- Henderson County drainage district No. 1, Illinois- _ 572. 72 Henderson County drainage district No. 3, Illinois -_ 20, 000. 00 20, 572. 72 Quincy to Hamburg Bay, Ill. (Sny Island-levee drainage district, Illinois) ....--------------- ------------------------------ 302, 302. 74 Mouth of Iowa River to Burlington, Iowa (Iowa River-Flint Creek levee district No. 16, Iowa)_...___.... _-.-- ..--------- ..---. 167,102. 87 ------ $1, 130, 194. 62 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2113 (Footnote 11 continued,) Contributed for repairing and restoring levees on the Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill., act June 10, 1922- Mouth of Iowa River to Burlington, Iowa (Iowa River-Flint Creek levee district No. 16, Iowa).... ------------------------------- $5,000.46 Mouth of Des Moines River to La Grange, Mo. (Gregory drainage district, Missouri)---------- ----------------------------- 1,500. 00 St. Louis to Cape Girardeau, Mo.- Ste. Genevieve levee district No. 1, Missouri-.... $3, 500. 00 Levee district No. 1, Perry County, Mo-----------........... 1,700.00 Levee district No. 2, Perry County, Mo-------.........---. 5, 800.00 Levee district No. 3, Perry County, Mo-----------........... 6, 125.00 17,125. 00 Prairie du Pont to Grand Tower Ill. (Degognia and Fountain Bluff. levee and drainage district, Illinois) ------------------------- 3,400. 00 Grand Tower to Gale, Ill.- Preston levee and drainage district,,Illinois------... -- $3,800.00 Clear Creek drainage and levee district, Illinois ... 1,025.00 East Cape Girardeau and Clear Creek drainage ----------------------------- 4, 400. 00 district, Illinois..... 9, 225. 00 $36, 250. 46 Tot al contributed for levees----..............---...------------------------............ 1, 166, 445. 08 12 Expended appropriations: Appropriation for Improving Mississippi River- Allotments for levees- Examination from Cape Girardeau, Mo., to Rock Island, Ill. $10, 000. 00 Rock Island to New Boston, Ill. (Drury drainage district, Illinois)_ 17, 146.28 Muscatine to Port Louisa, Iowa__. .... _ __ . 99. 91' Oquawka to Dallas, Ill. (Henderson County drainage district No. 1, Illinois).... _____ 1,100. 00 Head of Chouteau Island to Prairie du Pont, Ill. (East Side levee and sanitary district, Illinois). 73, 900. 00 Grand Tower to Gale near Thebes, Ill. (East Cape Girardeau and Clear Creek drainage district, Illinois)_ . ___ _____ . . . . ._ .____ 30, 000. 00 Muscatine to mouth of Iowa River, Iowa (Mus- catine-Louisa Island levee district, Iowa)-..... 35, 500. 00 La Grange to mouth of Missouri River, Mo.- Riverland levee district, Missouri. $20, 500. 00 Elsberry drainage district, Mis- souri....--------------------------- --- .---- --- - --- ---- 37. 753.81 ----... V.. 58, 253.81 Quincy to Hamburg Bay, Ill__------------------ 130, 000. 00 Warsaw to Quincy, Ill. (Hunt drainage district, ------------------------------ Illinois)................................ 55, 600. 00 Total expended allotment for levees_ _--------------_$411, 600. 00 Other expended allotments- Mississippi River Commission------------------ 1,098, 471.91 Surveys, gages, and observations.... ------------ 2, 635, 359.99 Spillway surveys-----____ ----------------------- 15, 000. 00 Experimental dikes.-------------------------- 45, 075. 58 Patrol of the Mississippi River--------- ___-.. --- 1, 055. 56 Works above Cairo- Protection near Cairo (includes only work under act of July 5, 1884) $50, 000. 00 Des Moines Rapids to Ohio River 687, 632. 53 737, 632. 53 Total other expended allotments_---------------- 4, 532, 595. 57 Total expended, appropriation for improving Mississippi River___ $4, 944, 195. 57 Appropriation for waterway from Lockport, Ill., to St. Louis, Mo. (actual expendi- ture $22,291.23 less $1,093.40, reimbursement from allotment for "Survey of Illinois and Des Plaines Rivers, Ill."; unexpended balance of $3,802.18 of this appropria- tion carried to surplus fund June 30, 1909, under provisions of sec. 10, sundry civil act of Mar. 4, 1909-E. D. 46863-142, sec. M. R. C. 1125-9)---- ____------------- 21,197.83 Appropriation for claims for damages by collision, river and harbor works---------- 486.14 Appropriation for maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, act of Oct. 2, 1914- Mississippi River Commission---.........-------------------....... $29, 991. 18 Surveys, gages, and observations__ ____--------------------_ 59, 936.16 Dredges and dredging______............-------------------- -.... 298, 435. 38 388, 362.72 Appropriation for maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, act of Mar. 4, 1915-- Mississippi River Commission---- ----------------------- - 39, 760. 11 Surveys, gages, and observations.............................-------------------------.... 43, 161.53 Dredges and dredging..........------------------------------------ 307, 226. 68 390,148. 32 2114 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINE?~S, U. S. ARMY, 1930 (Footnote 12 continued) Appropriation for emergency flood control, Mississippi River, act of Apr. 21, 1922- Allotments for levees-Rock Island to New Boston, Ill. (Bay Island drainage and levee district No. 1, Illinois)---....------------ $1, 957. 10 Other expended allotments-Mississippi River Commission------- 6, 042. 0 $8, 000.00 Appropriation for emergency flood control, Mississippi River, deficiency act of Dec. 22, 1927-Allotment for surveys, gages, and observations........------------------ 138, 924. 80 Appropriation for increase of compensation, rivers and harbors- Fscal year 1918...-------------------------------------------- $5,815.83 Fiscal year 1919- ------------------------------------------- 2, 620.02 Fiscal year 1920--- ---------------------- --------------- 6, 609.67 Fiscal year 1921.... -------------------------------------------..... 6,523. 35 Fiscal year 1922----_.................. .....-------------...........10, 751. 69 32, 320. 56 Appropriation for increase of compensation, War Department, fiscal year 1923...... 8, 400.03 Appropriation for repairing and restoring levees on the Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill.- Mouth of Iowa River to Burlington, Iowa (Iowa River-Flint Creek levee district No. 16, Iowa)_--- --------- ---. -------------- $9,930. 06 Mouth of Des Moines River to La Grange, Mo. (Gregory drainage district, Missouri)....-------------------------------------- 3, 000. 00 St. Louis to Cape Girardeau, Mo.- Ste. Genevieve levee district No. 1, Missouri.... $6, 860. 28 Levee district No. 1, Perry County, Mo-.......... 3, 400.00 Levee district No. 2, Perry County, Mo-----.... 11, 557. 51 Levee district No. 3, Perry County, Mo..._ ..... 12, 187. 44 and Fountain 34, 005. 23 Prairie du Pont to Grand Tower, Ill. (Degognia Bluff levee and drainage district, Illinois)-----.........---------------........... 6, 726. 41 Grand Tower to Gale, Ill.- Preston levee and drainage district, Illinois----....... $7, 524. 02 Clear Creek drainage and levee district, Illinois... 2, 023. 04 East Cape Girardeau and Clear Creek drainage district, Illinois.....---..----------------___- 8, 783. 81 18, 330. 87 71, 992. 57 Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River, and Sacramento River, Calif.- Allotments for levees- Rock Island to New Boston, Ill.- Drury drainage district, Illinois----... 83, 859.98 -...... Bay Island drainage and levee district No. 1, Illinois...........----------------------------- 70, 000. 00 153, 859. 98 Muscatine to mouth of Iowa River, Iowa- Muscatine-Louisa Island levee district, Iowa. 89, 000.00 Louisa County levee district No. 15, Iowa..--- 40, 000. 00 129, 000. 00 Mouth of Iowa River to Burlington, Iowa (Iowa River-Flint Creek levee district No. 16, Iowa)_----- --------------- 70,000.00 Mouth of Des Moines River to La Grange, Mo. (Gregory drainage district, Missouri)---- ------------- ---------- 14, 400. 00 Warsaw to Quincy, Ill.- Hunt drainage district, Illinois..........-------------.... $120, 259. 52 Lima Lake drainage district, Illinois.......---------. 57, 000. 00 259. 52 177, La Grange to mouth of Missouri River, Mo.-1 Riverland levee district, Missouri------------ 65, 455. 64 Kings Lake drainage district, Missouri....... 40, 000. 00 105, 455. 64 Quincy to Hamburg Bay, Ill. (Sny Island levee district, Illinois). 400, 000. 00 Prairie du Pont to Grand Tower, Ill. (Degognia and Fountain Bluff levee and drainage district, Illinois) ---------------- 11, 300. 00 Grand Tower to Gale, Ill.- Clear Creek drainage and levee district, Illinois... ------------------------------$44, 382. 59 East Cape Girardeau and Clear Creek drain- age district, Illinois---------.... ------. 93, 968. 52 138, 351. 11 1, 199, 626. 25 Other expended allotments- Mississippi River Commission_.----------------------- 316, 251. 00 Surveys, gages, and observations....----------... . ..........303, 332. 73 New steamer .......---------------------------------------- 175, 340. 02 Replacement Ben Humphreys_..-----.. ------------------ 11, 800. 00 Dredging and miscellaneous-New survey boat--------------................ 38, 800. 00 845, 523. 75 .Appropriation for flood relief, Mississippi River, act of Mar. 23, 1928- Levees, St. Louis to Cape Girardeau, Mo.- Ste. Genevieve levee district No. 1, Missouri- ---........-- 2,616. 02 Levee district No. 1, Perry County, Mo---................. - 733. 25 Levee district No. 2, Perry County, Mo------......... ........ 584. 36 Levee district No. 3, Perry County, Mo-------........--- 3, 987. 09 7, 920. 72 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2115 (Footnote 12 continued) Appropriation for gaging waters of the Mississippi River and its tribu- taries- Prior to Feb. 11, 1901 (not under direction of Mississippi River Commission)--- -------------------------------------- 139,807. 77 Expended under direction of Mississippi River Commission-....... 233, 514.11 $373, 321.88 Grand total expended appropriations 8, 430, 421. 14 -.......................------- 18Inludes2,0~ allotted4Aug. 16, -1929, Serial No. 0-5367, ED 5057 (R.-H. Bd.)-20 and -P-241-6&-42; $5,000 allotted Jan. 14, 1930, Serial No. 5656, E. D. Memo. Jan. 13, 1930, and P-3241-198; and $5,000 allotted Jan. 24, 1930, Serial No. C-5678, ED 7402A (Miss. R.)-415 and P-3241-201. 14Allotted June 10, 1930, Serial No. C-6058, ED 3063 (Engineers office Chief of)-18 and P-3304-67. 15 Includes $48,128.29 reallotted Dec. 27, 1929, Serial No. C-5597, ED 7402A (Miss. R.)-377 and P-3241- 151-7, having been revoked and transferred from the Memphis engineer district; and $81,000 allotted Mar. 14, 1930, Serial No. C-5783, ED 7402A (Miss. R.)-443 and P-3241-151-10. 16Amount covered by outstanding claims for reimbursement. 2ft6 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississippi River Commission, June 80, 1930-Continued ROCK ISLAND ENGINEER DISTRICT Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River Levees Dredg- Warsaw t a ing mis- OquawkaIll.to Dallas, toDes Moines River cellane- Ill.i La Grange, Mo. Quy, to Ill. Ill. ous (sur- veys, gages, Des Des Total and ob- Hender- Hender- Moines- Moines- Lima serva- son Coun- son Coun- Mississip- Mississip- Lake ,tions) ty drain- ty drain- pi levee pi levee drainage (act of age dis- age dis- district district district Mar. 23, trict No. trict No. No. 1, No. 1, Illinois 1928) 1, Illinois 2, Illinois Missouri Missouri (act of (act of (act of (act of (act of Feb. 23, Feb. 23, Feb. 23, Feb. 23, Mar. 23, 1927) 1927) 1927) 1927) 1928) i ----- 1 1 I----------- - 1 -1--------I------ Amount expended on present proj- ect to end of last fiscal year..... $915. 02 $29, 741. 13 $2, 196.66 $32, 852. 81 Balance unexpended at end of last .......... ..........- fiscal year......---.---------.-. 1, 084. 98 75, 113. 45 $38, 000. 00 $41, 805. 57 $76, 694. 43 6, 803.34 239, 501. 77 Amount to be accounted for-_---- 1,084. 98 75, 113. 4f 38,000.00 41,805.57 76, 694. 43i 6, 803. 34 239, 501.77 Net amount to be accounted for - 1,084. 98 75, 113. 45 38,000.00 41,805.57 76, 694. 43 6, 803. 34 239, 501. 77 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month_.._.------------.--- 6, 803. 34 123, 677. 25 1, 084. 98 75, 113. 45 27, 307. 71 13, 367. 77-----....... Present month................ -------------------- 6, 019. 51 6,474.57 ---------------- 12,494.08 Total gross amount expend- ed this fiscal year......... 1, 084. 98 75, 113.45 33, 327. 22 19, 842. 34 -----. - 6, 803. 34 136, 171.33 Net expenditures this fiscal year- - 1, 084. 98 75, 113. 45 33, 327. 22 19, 842. 34--.._-_._- . 6, 803. 34 136, 171.33 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury United States.... --.----..--.------------- __ _ 8, 805. 57 76, 694. 43 .-.--- 85, 500. 00 In hand-.....---------------- _._. 4, 672. 78 13, 157. 66----------------.......... --.. 17,830. 44 Total unexpended at end of month....-------------- . - 4, 672. 78 21, 963. 23 76, 694.43 ....... _ 103, 330. 44 Outstanding liabilities at end. of month less accounts receivable.. ---......... -i 4, 672. 78 7, 335. 51--------- 12, 008. 29 ..........-------........ Amount covered by uncompleted contracts....----------------- .........................-... 14,627. 72 21, 867. 69 .........36, 495. 41 Total outstanding......... __. ...... _ ......... 4, 672. 78 21, 963. 23 21,867. 69 .........48,503. 70 Balance available at end of month. ......... ....................I--- ......... 54, 826.74 ......... 54, 826.74 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2117 Consolidated statement of oondition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississippi River Commission,, Jwn 30, 1930-Continued ROCK ISLAND ENGINEER DISTRICT--Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries- Levees Warsaw to Quincy, Ill. New Quincy to Boston I I I Hamburg Oquaw.to Bay, Ill., ka, Ill., Lima Indian South Keiths- Lake Lima Grave Indian Quincy burg Lake drainage drainage levee and Grave drainage drainage district, drainage levee and district, district, Illinois district, district,drainage Illinois Illinois (deficien- Illinois (act of Illinois (deficien- district, Illinois (act of Feb. 28, (act of cy act 28, 1929) Feb. 28, May 29, Feb. 1929) cy act (act of Feb. May 29, 28, 1929) 1929) 1928) 1928) I - I - I -I- I I Amount expended on present proj- ect to end of last fiscal year. ------ -------------- $8, 834.24.. ..... ------------ SBalanceu 4expcnded at end of last fiscalyear..------------------- $1, 5 .00 --------- .. 11,165.76 ........... $16, 400. 00 $2, 280. 00 Amount allotted present fiscal year_ . 7 $4,500 00 - ... _18 $121, 000. OC 1062, 266. 67 Amount to be accounted for_ _ 1, 500 00 4,500.00 11,165 76 121,000.00 78,666.67 2,280.00 Net amount to be accounted for.__. 1, 500.00 4, 500. 00 11, 165. 76 121, 000. 00 78, 666.67 2.280.00 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month ....---------------------- 1, 500.00 1,102.02 11,165. 76 6,000.00 8, 864.76 2,280. 00 Present month_____-----._---- .. __.... 20895. 71 ......--------.-----------....... 46.67 .. Total gross amount expended thisfiscalyear __ _ ... ..._ 1, 500. 001 1,997.73 11,165.76 6, 000.00 8.911.43 2,280.00 Net expenditures this fiscal year- ... 1, 500. 00 1, 997. 73 11. 165. 76 6, 000. 00 8, 911.43 2, 280. 00 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury United States.. .-- 115, 000. 00 66, 666.67 .......... In hand .-- _-_ __ .. ..... _ ......... 2, 502. 27- -------.------------- 3, 088. 57- .......... - Total unexpended at end of month.................- 2,502. 27----.....------ 115, 000. 00 69, 755. 24 .......... Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable-.... 122. 91 .........-............. 442. 06 Total outstanding .......... _ 122 91_ ..................... 442. 06 Balance available at end of month._ 2, 379. 36.---------....... 115, 000. 0( 69, 313. 18 17 Includes $3,000 allotted Oct. 24, 1929, Serial No. C-5485, E D 7402-A (Miss. R.) 322 and P-3241--66-50a; and-$1,f00 llatted Jan. 18 ,1930, Serial No. C-5669, ED 7402-A (Miss. R.) 407 and P-3241-66-50c. Isiiieltd6s~i300a"llottedAJuly 26, 1929, Serial No. C-5316, ED 7402-B (Miss. R.) 179 and P-3241-66-35; $2,200 allotted Sept. 20, 1929, Serial No. C-5427, E D 7402-A (Miss. R.) 302 and P-3241-66-48a; and $115,000 allotted May 14, 1930 Serial No. C-5932, ED 7402-A (Miss. R.) 472 and P-3241-226. to Includes $1,600 allotted Nov. 2, 1929, Serial No. C-5546, ED 7402-A (Miss. R.) 328-2 and P-3241-66-55; and $60,666.67 allotted Apr. 15, 1930, Serial No. C-5858, ED 7402-B MMiss. R.) 254 and P-3241-237. Includes $652, expended by Treasury Settlement No. 0230522, dated May 21, 1930, ED 3504 (R. I. D. 0.) 68. 211-8 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Consotidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississippi River Uommission, June 30, 1930--Continued ROCK ISLAND ENGINEER DISTRICT---Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries Levees Mouth of La Grange Iowa River to mouth to Buriing- of Missouri ton, Iowa River Surveys, Surveys, Levees, gages, and gages, and Fabius observa- observa- Levees, River, Total tions (act tions (act Iowa Mississippi of Feb. 28, of May 28, River- River and 1929) 1930) Flint North Creek River, levee dis- Marion trict No. County i6, Iowa drainage (act of Feb. distict. 28, 1929) Missouri (act of Feb. 28, 1929) - 1-1- Amount expended on present project to end o f l as t fis c al ye ar _._- . . . . . . ._ -- . --.... $8, 834. 24 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year__ $16, 000. 00 22 $56, 667-00 1000 .O01 $4, .-. 35.34 5. 76 Amount allotted present fiscal year.-------.. 216,000.- 0022 56, 667. 0 21 231,.500. 0024 $7, 000.00 268, 933. 67 Amount to be accounted for__......... 16, 000.00 56, 667.00 5,500. 00 7,000 00 304, 279. 43 Net amount to be accounted for-............ 16, 000. 00 56, 667.00 5, 500.00 7,000.00 304, 279. 43 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month-.... 5.33----------- 4, 485. 23 ---------- 35, 403.10 Present month __... . ---------- 4.30- -- ------- 946.68 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year........ .... -......... - 5. 33------------... . 4, 489. 53 -------- 36, 349. 78 Net expenditures this fiscal year ..... ..... 5. 33 . ..- 4, 489. 53-------- 36, 349. 78 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury United States ........ .--... 14, 000. 00 54, 667.00 ...-----------. 7,000.00257, 333. 67 In hand.._----.................... ---- _ 1, 994. 67 2, 000. 00 1, 010.47---------- 10,595.98 Total unexpended at end of month . . 15, 994. 67 56, 667. 00 1. 010. 47 7, 000.00 267, 929. 65 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable........---- Total outstanding-................ --...... . _ _- ___.... .. . .-. - --- --- ---- --- _ .-- - - ---- - - - .- .---- - - --- --- -- 564.97 564.97 564. 97 Balance available at end of month.......... 15, 994. 67 56, 667. O0 1,010.471 7,000.00 267, 364. 68 21Allotted Nov. 13, 1929, Serial No. C-5521, ED 7402-A (Miss, R.) 339 and P-3241-66-53. 22 Allotted Dec. 27, 1929, Serial No. C-5594, ED 7402-A (Miss. R.) 374 and P-3241-66-58a. 3 Allotted Mar. 22, 1930, Serial No. C-5795, ED 7402-A (Miss. R.) 445 and P-3241-224-1. 24Allotted June 12, 1930, Serial No. C-6050, ED)7402-A (Miss. R.) 494 and P-3304-62. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 219 Jasolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississippi River Commission, June 80, 1930--Continued ROCK ISLAND ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River (special fund)-Levees Des Moines River to Oquawka to Dallas, Ill. Quincy, Ill. La Grange, Mo. I - I Total Des Henderson Henderson Lima Lake Moines- County County drainage Mississippi drainage drainage levee dis- district, No. district, No. district, Illinois trict, No. 1, 1, Illinois 2, Illinois Missouri Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year------- -----------..-- $14,870. 59 ------........... ------ $1,098.34 $15,968.93 ---........... Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year...... - __- __._ _ - ---... _ -........37, 556. 69 $19, 000.00 3, 401. 66 ------------ 59, 958. 30 Amount allotted present fiscal year- .... -25.... $59,250. 00 59, 250. 05 Amount to be accounted for ....... 37, 556. 69 19, 000. 00 3, 401. 66 59, 250. 00 119, 208. 35 Net amount to be accounted for-.......... 37, 556. 69 19, 000. 00 3, 401. 66 59, 250. 00 119, 208. 35 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month- 37, 556. 69 13, 653. 86 Present month________ ..... ___ .... __ 3, 009. 75 401. 66 - 3,-.. 6, 683. 85 3, 237. 29 61, 296. 06 6,247. 04 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year------------------ 37, 556. 69 16, 663. 61 3, 401. 66 9, 921. 14 67, 543. 10 Net expenditures this fiscal year _ -......... 37, 556, 69 16, 663. 61 3, 401. 66 9, 921. 14 67, 543. 10 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury United States............. ---- - ----- ----- -- -- -- --- -- 8, 500.00 8,500.00 In other depositories._._. _ 34, 250. 00 34, 250.00 In hand....------------------------ 6, 578. 86 2, 336. 39 .........------------... 8,915.25 Total unexpended at end of month __ -....---- 2, 336. 39 ------------ 49, 328. 86 51, 665.25 Outstanding liabilities at ehd of month less accounts receivable_........_. 2, 336. 39 .....-----..-------....3,667. 74 6, 004. 13 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts. ... ........................ 18, 252. 76 18, 252.76 Total outstanding.-. 2,336. 39 .------------ 21, 920.50 24, 256. 89 Balance available at end ofmonth ----------------------------------- 27, 408. 36 27, 408. 36 23 Contributed in August, 1929, to meet allotment of United States funds amounting to $118,500 (act of Feb. 23, 1927, $41,805.57; and act of Mar. 23, 1928, $76,694.43), serial No. C-4922, dated Feb. 18, 1929. $ On deposit to credit of disbursing officer of the Mississippi River Commission in the State Central Savings Bank of Keokuk, Iowa, acts of Feb. 23, 1927, and Mar. 23, 1928 2120 REPORT OF CTIEF OF ENGiiEERS, U .s ARMY, 1930 .Consolidated staement of condAtion of appropriations and :atotments, 'tnd F Missisippi River Commission, June 80, 1930--Continued ROCK ISLAND ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River, its outlets and tributaries (special fund)- Levees Quincy to New Bos- Mouth of Warsaw to Quincy, Hamburg ton to Iowa River Ill. Bay, Ill. Oquawka, to Burling- Ill. ton, Iowa South Levees,Iowa Indian Lima Lake Grave Quincy Keithsburg levee drainage drainage FlintRiver- drainage and drain- district, Creek district, age district, and levee levee Keiths- trict No. dis- Illinois Illinois district, burg, Ill. 16, Illinois Iowa Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year ......... __ __ - $4, 417.12 . ............ Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year -............._ -- -.--. - .--- $750. 00 5, 582. 88 .. Amount allotted present fiscal year .... 27 2, 250.00 284, 900. 00 9 $9, 000. 00 30 $1,140. 00 a3$8, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for._ .-......-. 3, 000. 00 10, 482.88 9, 000.00 1,140. 00 8, 000.00 _ Deductions..___-------- --.. ------------ 32 1,9-00. 00 ..----------------------- Net amount to be accounted for-........... 3, 000. 00 8, 582.88 9, 000.00 1,140.00 8, 000.00 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month. 1, 301.'04 8, 582. 88 4, 432. 38 1,140.00 2.67 Present month......_--.......--- ..- as447. 86 -----------. 23. 33 . ------- Total gross amount expended this fiscal year---------------.............................--..--..--- 1, 748.90 8, 582.88 4, 455.71 1,140.00 . 2.67 Net expenditures this fiscal year-.......... 1, 748. 90 8, 582. 88 4, 455. 71 1, 140. 00 2. 67 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury United States....--------- 3,000.00 .-- ---- 7,000.00 In hand-........ . --- 1, 251. 10 ------ -- . 1, 544. 29 -------.. 997.33 Total unexpended at end of month_ - 1, 251.10 ----..... 4, 544.29 _ ......... 7,997.33 Outstanding liabilities ateend of month less accounts receivable ...................... 61.46 .......... 221.03---------- Total outstanding._.._ ............. 61.46----.... _. 221.03---------- Balance available at end of month-......... _..._... 1, 189. 64 ... 4, 323. 26 ..... ..... 7,997. 33 27Includes $1,500 contributed Nov. 23, 1929, to meet allotment of United States ftmunds,$3,000; and $750 contributed Feb. 28, 1930, to meet allotment of United States funds of $1,500 for Bear Creek, Lima Lake drainage district (act of Feb. 28, 1929). 28Contributed Aug. 27, 1929 ($1,900), Oct. 19, 1929 ($1,900), and Nov. 26, 1929 ($1,100) to meet allotment of United States funds, act of Feb. 28, 1929. 29Includes $8,200 contributed to meet allotment of United States funds, act of Feb. 28, 1929, and deposited in Treasury, C. D. No. 2,258, Oct. 19, 1929; and $800 contributed to meet allotment of United States funds, so act of Feb. 28, 1929, and deposited in Treasury, C. D. No. 3189, Jan. 19, 1930. Deposited in U. S. Treasury, C. D. No. 447, Aug. 5, 1929, having been contributed to meet allotment of United States funds amounting to $2,280, act of Feb. 28, 1929. 81Contributed Feb. 28, 1930, to meet allotment of United States funds, act of Feb. 28, 1929. 82Unexpended balance refunded to the levee district by Treasury settlement No. 0227323, dated Apr. 4, 1930, ET). 7402-A (Miss. R.) 465. *8Includes $326 expended by Treasury settlement No. 0230522, dated May 21, 1930, ED. 3504 (R. I. D. O.) 68. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2191 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississippi River Commission, June 30, 1930---Continued ROCK ISLAND ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Funds contributed for flood control, Missis- sippi River, its outlets and tributaries (spe- cial fund)-Contd. La Grange to mouth of Missouri River Grand total Levees: Fa- bius River, Total Mississippi River, and North River, Marion County drainage dis- trict, Mis- souri -I 1 Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year.._ _-_- - $4, 417. 12 $62, 073.10 ------ Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year-_ 6,332. 88 341, 138. 76 Amount allotted present fiscal year.... ----- s4$28, 333. 00 53, 623. 00 381, 806. 67 Amount to be accounted for-...........-................-.....- 28, 333. 00 59, 955. 88 722,945. 43 Deductions-- ........---..........----------------............... ..... 1, 00.00 1,900.00 Net amount to be accounted for_ . ... .......... 28, 333. 00 58, 055. 88 721, 045. 48 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month.......-.-.-.------- 15, 458. 97 235, 835. 38 Present month ...... ... ....... .... .....------------------------------------------ 471. 19 20, 158. 99 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year.................... ........ _..... 15, 930. 16 as255, 994. 37 Net expenditures this fiscal year..........-..................... 15, 930. 16 255, 994. 37 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury United States.................................- 27, 333. 00 37, 333. 00 388, 666. 67 In other depositories................ ........................ ........------------------............ 34,250.00 In hand.............................................. 1.000. 00 4, 792. 72 42,134. 39 Total unexpended at end of month-...-----.-.---..-.-- 28, 333. 00 42, 125. 72 465, 051. 06 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable. 282.49 l.. 18,859. 88 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts------------------- 54, 748.17 Total outstanding-...................----......---- ............. 282.49 73,608.05 Balance available at end of month---- ---------- _ --- ---- 28, 333. 001 41, 843. 23 391, 443. 01 84Contributed May 22, 1930, to meet allotment of United States funds, act of Feb. 28, 1929. 8s Includes outstanding claims for reimbursement amounting to $0.00. 2122 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under MissiAsippi River Conzmmssion, June 80, 1930--Continued ST. LOUIS ENGINEER DISTRICT Appropriation for flood control, Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River Mississippi Riverand tributaries Levees, Illinois Levees, River, Dredging Grand South and mis- Tower to Beards- Surveys, Surveys, cellaneous Gale, Ill. town gages, gages,and (surveys, (Preston drainage and gages, and gages, and levee Total and levee observa- observa- observa- drainage district ct tions (act tions) [act district, (Beards- Feb. 28, a30) Mar. 23, Ill.) [act town, Ill.) 1929) 1928] Feb. 23, [defici- 1927] ency act May 29, 1928] Amount expended on present proj- ect to end of last fiscal year........ $76, 157. 73 $29, 991. 02 $106,148. 75 $0. 59 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscalyear- ... - 49, 342. 27 30, 364. 20 79,706. 47 00 22 499. 41 $2, 000. Amount allotted present fiscal year S, ----------- 000.0 Amount to be accounted for..- 49, 342. 27 30, 364. 20 79, 706. 47 22,499. 41 2, 000. 00 5, 000. 00 Deductions...................... ... 77,720. 82 i...... 7, 720. 82 ... Net amount to be accounted for. 49, 342. 27 22, 643. 38 71, 985. 65 499. 41 22, 2, 000. 00 5, 000. 00 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month-- ----- - 28, 108. 98 22, 643. 38 50, 752. 36 978. 70................. Present month...__. 3, 218. 99 ---------- 3,218.99 540.40 . . Total gross amount expended this fiscal year---------- 31, 327.97 22, 643. 38 53, 971.35 1,519. 10 ..........-------- Net expenditures this fiscal year.................-------31, 327. 97 22, 643. 38 53, 971. 35 1,519. 10 . .... ..... Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury- United States..-.__ 16,500.09 ----------- 16,500.00 16, 500.00 2,000.00 5, 000.00 In hand.... . . ....... .... 1, 514. 30 ----------- 1, 514. 30 4, 480. 31 .. Total unexpended at end of m onth.-----------__-. . 18, 14.30 ........... 18,014. 30 20,980.31 2,000.00 5,000.00 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable- ... 1,787. 83 ----------- 1,787. 83 19. 51............... Amount covered by uncompleted contracts-................... ... ------------ --.--.-.-..-... .17,--------------- 543. 36 Total outstanding......... 1, 787.83- __-- 1, 787.83 17, 562. 87 -----.-..... Balance available at end of month.................... 16, 226. 47......... 16, 226. 47 3, 417. 44 1 2, 000.00 5, 000. 00 n Allotted June 12, 1930, serial No. C-6051, ED 7402A (M;ss. R.) 494, and P-3304-63. Revoked Apr. 11, 1930, serial No. C-5851, ED 7402A (Miss. R.) 456, and P-3241-225-3. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2123 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississippi River Commission, June 30, 1930---Continued ST. LOUIS ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries-Continued Levees, Levee re- Levees, Illinois Levees, Clear River, Mississip- pair work, Reconstruc- pi River, Cresk Kamp Wood drainage Creek, etc., tion and Ste. Gen- River repair of evieve levee drainage and levee Little levees, UIlli- district and levee district, Creek nois River No. L, Ste. district, Union drainage (Beards- Genevieve Madison and Alex- and levee town Ill.) County, County, ander district, [act eb. Ill. (act Counties, Brown 28, 1929] Mo. (act ill. (act County, Feb. 28, Feb. 28, Feb. 28, Ill. (act 1929) 1929) 1929) Feb. 28, 1929) Amount allotted present fiscal year....-----38$66,000. 00 9$12, 500.00 40$62, 000. 00 41$94,000. 00 42$17, 066.33 Amount to be accounted for.....--------- 66,000.00 12, 500.00 62, 000.00 94,000. 00 17, 066.33 Net amount to be accounted for-6.. - 6, 000.00 12, 500.00 62,000.00 94,000.00 17, 066.33 Gross amount expended: , Present fl~d81 year prior to this month...- ------- 543.61 Present month --------------------------- 190.95-----------............------- Total gross amount expended this ....................----------------------------- fiscal year------ ....... 734. 56 ............ Net expenditures this fiscal year----........---- -... 734.56 ...........-............- Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury United States--------- 66,000.00 12,500.00 58,000.00 94, 000.00 17, 066.33 In hand----- ---------------- ----------- 3, 265. 44 Total unexpended at end of month__ 66,000.00 12, 500.00 61, 265.44 94,000. 00 17,066.33 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable --- 36. 50 .. Amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts--- --------------------------------- ---- 27, 066. 67 ............ Total outstanding ---------------------------- -_.-- -27,103.17 ................... Balance available at end of month._ 66, 000.00 12, 500. 00 34, 162. 27 94,000.00 17, 066.33 as Allotted Sept. 5, 1929, serial No. 0-5400, ED 7402A (Miss. R.) 297, and P-3241-153-2. s9 Includes $9 333.33 allotted Nov. 21, 1929, serial No. C-5539, ED 7402A (Miss. R.) 344, and P-3241-66-54; and $3 166.67 allotted May 22, 1930, serial No. 0-5950, ED 7402A (Miss. R.) 481, and P-3241-66-54b. 4o Allotted Jan. 25, 1933, serial No. C-5683, ED 7402A (Miss. R.) 412, and P-3241-194-1. 41 Allotted Apr. 15, 1930, serial No. 0-5860, ED 7402A (Miss. R.) 457, and P-3241-228-1. ' Allotted June 23, 1930, serial No. C-6065, ED 7402A (Miss. R.) 507, and P-3241-256-1. 2124 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississippi River Commission, June 80, 1930--Continued ST. LOUIS 'ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Appropriation for flood Funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi control, Mississippi River and tributaries River (special fund) i Levees, Illi- nois River Levees, Kamp Creek, Grand etc., Little Tower to Creek drain- Gale, Ill. age and levee Total (Preston Total district, levee Brown drainage County, Ill. district, (act May 28, ll.) 1930) -I.I II- Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year.------- ---------------- $0.59 1 $14,995.52 $14,995.52 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year, 24, 499. 41 15,182. 07 15,182. 07 Amount allotted present fiscal year-----...----....... ss$106, 933. 67 363, 500. 00 ......... .--.--......... Amount to be accounted for-----.............. 106, 933.67 387, 999. 41 15,182. 07 15,182. 07 ....---..----------------------- Deduetions-. .............. ------------------ 3,860. 40 3, 860. 40 Net amount to be accounted for.......... 106, 933.67 387, 999. 41 11, 321.67 11, 821. 67 brose amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to thismonth........ .... - 1, 522. 31 11, 321.67 11, 321.67 Present month..........--------------------- ..- ...- ...-.- . 731.35 731.35 ..---- ..--. . .. ---. .... .. Total gross amount expended this fiscal year..............--- --------------- --.....------ 2, 253. 66 11, 321.67 11, 321.67 Less receipts from sales--------..........---------------- . .--------------.--------------.------------ ------ Net expenditures this fiscal year.......... ._._........- 2, 253. 66 11, 321.67 11, 321.67 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury United States------.------ 106,933.67 378,000.00 -- In other depositories._..-.-..------. In hand.....-------------------------- ------------- ---- 7,745.75 ------ ------- ------------ Totalunexpended at end of month....... 106,933.67 385,745. 75 .... .... .......--.. -...... Outstanding liabilities at end of month less .............. accounts receivable......--....................------------------ 56.01 . Amount covered by uncompleted contracts..- ..-..-.---- 44,610.03 -........---...-........ Total outstanding...................... .....- .-. ..--- 44, 666. 04 ........ -.....--........ Balance available at end of month ............... 106, 933. 67 341,079.71 -..--------.- ..- ..-... i* '2 Allotted June 23, 1930, serial No. C-6065, ED 7402A (Miss. R.) 507, and P-3241-256-1. Treasury settlement. This amount refunded to contributor by general accounting office 1930, account levee work completed. June 7, /MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2125 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississippi River Commission, June 30, 1930--Continued ST. LOUIS ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River, its outlets and tributaries (special fund) Levees, Levee Levees, Illinois repair Reconstruc- Missis- River work tion and sippi Grand (South wood repair River, Ste. total Beards- River of levees, Genevieve town drainage Illinois levee dis- Total drainage and levee River, trict No. 1 and levee district, Beards- Ste. Gene. district, Madison town, vieve Beards- County, Ill. County, town, Ill.) Ill. Mo. -- i - L i I i-- ~----- iI Amount expended on present proj- ectto end of last fiscal year....-- $0.29 ..----..--.. $0.29 $121,145.15 Balance unexpended at end of last fseplyear ....------- ----------- 11, 249. 71-----------...... ------------ ------ 11,249. 71 130, 637. 66 Amount allotted present fiscal year...-------- ..-------------- ........... 44$31.000.00 4 $33,000.00 $15,00.00 65, 500. 00 429, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted,for. 11,249. 71 31,000.00 33, 000.00 1,500.00 76, 749.71 559, 637. 66 Deductions--------------------- 11, 581.22 ----------- Net amount to be accounted for...-----------------.................. 11, 249. 71 31, 000. O0 33, 000.00 1,500.00 76, 749.71 548, 056.44 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month_....----.------- -- 489. 34 271.81 - -- 761.15 64, 357. 49 Present month----.--...--- 270. 20 95.48 ................-------------...... 365.68 4, 316. 02 Total gross amount expend- ed this fiscal year ......----759. 54 367. 29 -------------------- 1, 126.83 7 68, 673. 51 Less receipts from sales----.....---....... ............----------- ------------ ----------- ----------- ----------- Net expenditures this fiscal year................... 759. 54 367. 29 ------------------- 1, 126. 83 68, 673. 51 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury United States .... 8, 750. 00 29, 000. 00 33, 000.00 1,500.00 72, 250. 00 466,750. 00 In other depositories....----- In hand.... ......- .-.-....... 1, 740.17 1,632. 71 ..------------------- 3, 372.88 12, 632. 93 Total unexpended at end of month.................... 10, 490. 17 30, 632. 71 33, 000. 00 1,500. 00 75, 622. 88 479, 382. 93 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable... 9. 76 18. 25 ------------- ---- 28. 01 1, 871.85 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts_.. --- -.... ..-..... 8, 771.69 13, 533. 33 ...------------ ----.. 22, 305. 02 66, 915.05 Total outstanding ........... 8, 781.45 13, 551. 58 .................-------------------.. 22, 333. 03 68, 786. 90 Balance available at end of month..--------------- 1, 708. 72 17, 081. 13 33, 000. 00 1, 500.00 53, 289. 85 410, 596.03 N Contributed by Wood River drainage and levee district, Wood River, Ill., Feb. 27, 1930. * Contributed by city of Beardstown, Ill., April 22, 1930. a Contributed by Ste. Genevieve levee district No. 1, Ste. Genevieve County, Mo., June 6, 1930. a Includes outstanding claims for reimbursement amounting to $0.00. 2 REPORT OF 'IEF OF- ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Consoidated statement of oonition of appropriations and atlotments, isnder Mississippi River Commission, June 30, 1930-Continued-- MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT Flood control, Mississippi River-New project Mississippi levees, includ- ing levee work around Cairo and certain levees Revetments Dredging necessary to keep water out of St. Francis Basin Act Feb. Act Mar. Act Feb. Act Mar. Act Mar 23, 1927 23, 1928 23, 1927 23, 1928 23, 1928 Amount expended oni previous proj- ect -......................... Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year......... . $20, 360. 52 $1, 290, 505. 96 $1, 030, 382. 72 $1,014, 816. 67 $978, 088. 31 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year................ ..... 10. 06 359, 494. 04 -------------- 462, 683. 33 42, 863. 46 Amount allotted present fiscal year_. 4885, 000. 00 48,160. 46 a 155, 051. 03 -_- Amount to be accounted for- - 85, 010. 06 T 359, 494. 04 8, 160. 46 617, 734. 36 42, 863. 46 Deductions.... . ..- -------- Net amount to be accounted for-......... ............... 85, 010.06 359, 494. 04 8, 160.46" 617, 734.36 42,863.46 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this m onth... ...---------- .---- 44, 212. 80 335, 097. 67 439. 64 592, 197. 94 42, 943. 46 Present month_,_. _ 16, 864. 76 .------------- -120. 75 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year............... 44, 212. 80 8 351, 962. 43 439. 64 a2592, 077. 19 8142, 943. 46 Less receipts from sales_-__- ... ......... .. 475.00 80.00 Net expenditures this fiscal year--------..-------------- 44, 212. 80 351, 962.43 439. 64 591, 602. 19 42, 863. 46 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury, United States-- -... --------. 40, 797. 26 ... 4,852. 78 .. 7, 720. 82 ------------------------ 13, 832. 15 ....-- ------------- ----------- In other depositories-_---_----- In hand .--------- --------- 2, 678.83 ------------- 12, 300. 02 --------- Total unexpended at end of month_ ..----------------- 40, 797. 26 7, 531.61 7, 720. 82 26, 132.17 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable.. 1,960. 92 3, 972. 85 -------------------- Amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ --- 40, 797. 26 3, 677. 32- . 3.. 8. . . . . -- Total outstanding---------_ 40, 797. 26 5, 638. 24 3, 972. 85 --------------- Balance available at end of month-----...................----------------- 1, 893. 37 3, 747. 97 26, 132. 17 48Amount reported is covered by advice of allotment of Sept. 26, 1929, serial No. C-5440, ED-7402-A (Miss. 1.) 291, and P-3241-66-45c. 48Includes $439.64 reallotted Sept. 28, 1929, Serial C-5444, ED-No. 7402-A (Miss. R.) 303 and P-3241-66- 49c, having been transferred from allotments previously made to the secretary, Mississippi River Com- mission; and $7,720.82 reallotted Apr. 11, 1930, Serial C-5852, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 456, and P-3241-225-4, having been transferred from U. S. Engineer Office, St. Louis, Mo., allotment Preston Levee Drainage District, Ill. 6oAmount reported is covered by reallotment of Sept. 28, 1929, serial No. C-5444, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 303, and P-3241-66-49c, having been transferred from allotments previously made to the secretary, Mis- sissippi River Commission. 81 Includes outstanding claims for reimbursement amounting to $0.00. 52Includes outstanding claims for reimbursement amounting to $0.68. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION ' AL Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississippi River Comm4ision, Jue 30, 1930--Continued MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Flood control, Mississippi River-New project Appropria- Surveys, gages an tion for flood observations protection on White River, Woodruff and Monroe Old project- Counties, expended Total Ark.-Public Act Act Mar. allotments Resolution Feb. 23, 1928 No. 44 ap- 23, 1927 proved May 16, 1928 Amount expended on previous proj- ------------ ect-.---- ------------ 53$19, 010, 112. 79 $19, 010, 112. 79.. Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year.....--_ $7, 774. 07 .-------.... - 4, 341, 928. 25 $21, 588. 10 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year_-_- 14, 976. 42-- -_______--__- 880, 027.31 3,411.90 Amount allotted present fiscal year.. 54$9. 33 5 2. 29-222---11-- 248, 223. 11 .. A,count to be accounted for___ 9. 33 14, 978. 71 ............. 1, 128, 250. 42 3, 411. 90 Deductlbnsi... Net amount to be accounted for -- - -- -- -- - ..........-- 9. 33 14, 978. 71- -- ____-___ 1, 128, 250. 42 3, 411. 90 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month.... . -- .--- -- -- -- - 9. 33 14, 972. 27 -----.------- 1,029, 873. 11 3, 411.90 Present month_ ... . .----- 6.44 ----------------- 16,750.45 -. Total gross amount expended this fiscal year __________ 51 9. 33 51 14, 978. 71 1,046, 623. 56 513,411.90 Less receipts from sales___ 555. 00 .----.. Net expenditures this fiscal year --.... - - - -------- --- 9. 33 14, 978.71-------------- 1,046, 068. 56 3, 411.90 Balance unexpendd at end of month: In Treasury, United States.._ 01-. 67,203. - In other depositories........____ In hand__ 14,978.85------------ Total unexpended at end of m onth__----- -- -- -- -- -- 82,181.86 ..------.----- Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable ..- - - -- - -- ------------- 77 ----------- 5,933. Amount covered by uncompleted contracts__ ______ ______ _________ --------...... --- 44, 58 474. ------------- Total outstanding------------- ------ -----------.- 50, 35 ..----------- 408. Balance available at end of month....................... ---- . .--- --- - - - - .--.- 31,773.51 - i i5Includes outstanding claims for reimbursement amounting to $0.00. 53Expended allotments (flood control, Mississippi River-old project): Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill.- Levees, Slough Landing Neck, Tenn-------------------------------- $1, 549. 32 Upper St. Francis levee district -- _--..... 1,420, 292. 30 Reelfoot levee district----....._----_..., ...................... 246, 390. 69 Lower St. Francis levee district ... 2, 242, 531, 15 W hite River levee district_ ... .__ _...__......................... 1, 505, 163. 57 Levees, general repairs and restoration .. _........................ 130, 840. 41 Cairo drainage district (west levee)_ ...........---------------------- 180.44 Tributary levees-- White River for surveys_......................................... 4, 071. 65 Levees, tributary streams......------------........................... 56, 681. 27 . $5, 607, 700.80 Plant and miscellaneous- Plant .............................--------------------------............................---------------------..--... 2, 444, 575. 36 New plant ---- ----------------------- .----------------------- 1, 007, 000. 00 3, 451, 575. 36 11714---ai 1980--134 2128 REPORT OF CHIEPOF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments,- under Mississippi River Commission, J&ne 30, 1930-Continued MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT--Continued Funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River-Special fund Reelfoot White Exended levee River levee xp Total district district allotments Amount expended on previous project---------........... $157, 853.97 $987, 722. 94 58 $3, 186, 444. 83 $4, 332, 021. 74 Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year---.....---------.---- ----------------- ----------------------------- Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year..... 618. 51 4, 369. 31 ----------------- 4, 987. 82 Amount allotted present fiscal year -.... -- ..........-- ..... .......................... Amount to be accounted for--................ 618. 51 4, 369. 31 - _-.-------- - -- 4, 987. 82 Deductions--..------ ------------------------------- . 2,964. 26 .--------------- 57 2, 964.26 Net amount to be accounted for............ 618. 51 1, 405. 05 ---------------- 2, 023.56 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month . .....-.............................. .....-. - Present month........................................... Total gross amount expended this fiscal year ........................____............... Less receipts from sales...........--------------------------............... -----............---......... Net expenditures this fiscal year......----------------... _.-------- ------------- Balance unexpended at end of month: ._ In Treasury, United States_-.--.--- 618.51 1, 405. 05 --------------- 2,023. 56 In other depositories........................................................--- In hand------------------------ --- ------------------------- ------...- ------- Total unexpended at end of month.......--------- 618. 51 1, 405. 05 _-.----.-__ _- -2, 023. 56 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less ac- counts receivable_._--- .------..... -----.-.. 618. 51 1, 405. 05 ------------ - 2, 023. 56 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts_................_____._....__ . ._..._.........-------------- Total outstanding.......................... 618. 51 1, 405. 05 ------------ 2, 023. 56 (Footnote 53-Continued) Dredging and miscellaneous- Surveys, gages, and observations_............__ .__ .____ ... _.. $249. 51 Dredges and dredging (Mississippi River Commission dredging district) ...........................---------------------...--..........-----------------------. 4, 684, 526. 00 $4, 684, 775. 51 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improvement, and protection: Bauxippi, Ark_---------------------------------------------- 1, 417. 34 Hopefield, Ark....--------------------------------------------- 19,147. 04 Delta, Miss......------------------------------------------------ 28, 151. 56 Friar Point, Miss__ ------------------------------------------- 14, 171. 04 Stone (undistributed)_________________________ 19, 800. 85 Protection of Memphis Municipal Terminal----------- ---- -------- 21, 074.92 Porter Lake, Ark....____ ------------------------------------------- _ 81, 183. 32 Walnut Bend, Ark.............-----------------------------------------188, 712. 56 Avenue, Ark---............................ ------------------------------------------- 406, 030. 08 ............. Golden Lake Ark____------- --.. ---- ___- -__ 20, 281.60 Experimental concrete revetment ---------------------------------- 39; 000.00 Wyanoke, Ark................. --------------------------- --- --------- 9, 242. 72 Barfield, Ark .......------------------------------------------------- 197. 04 Norfolk, Miss --------------------------------------------- _ 265, 700. 84 Trotters, Miss .....................................---------------------------------------------.. 192, 200. 52 Laconia, Ark ..----------- -------------------------------------- 759. 08 Bend of Island 35, Ark_____..............................___................ 295, 485. 89 Polks Landing, Miss __................. ............................. 428, 489. 89 Sunflower, Miss.---------- --------------------------------- 279, 483. 76 Knowlton, Ark......--------------......................-----------......................------------------- 639, 584. 06 Old Town, Ark-------------......................----------------------------............................. 285, 892. 58 Gayoso Bend, Mo-----................--------............----------------........ --------- 737, 227. 65 Cow Island, Ark ... ..........----------------------------- 287, 719. 82 Ohio River below mouth of Cache River, Ill_ ---------------------- 1586,236.05 Hickm an, Ky, ........ ..... .. ........ ....... ........ ... . 308, 152. 80 Columbus, Ky---------------------------------- - -9, 379. 90 Huffman to Hickman, Ark-......................................... ------------------- 296,262. 45 Slough Landing Neck, Tenn----........................... - -176,702.52 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2129 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississpppi River Commission, June 30, 1930-Continued MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries- New project Mississippi levees, including levee work around Cairo and certain levees necessary to keep water out of St. Francis Basin. Act May 29, Act February Act May 28, 1928 28, 1929 1930 Amount expended on previous project--................-- Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year------..................-------------------------------- $1, 143, 605. 04 . .. . .. Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year ........... 672, 145. 09 $3,552, 500. 00---............ Amount allotted present fiscal year....--------------- s.8 96, 000. 00 6o$4,341, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for. .--...--.... ...... 672, 145. 09 3,648, 500. 00 4, 341, 000. 00 Deductions............................... ......... ------------------------------- -----........... Net amount to be accounted for.....------------- 672,145.09 3,648, 500. 00 4, 341, 000.00 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month.............. 672, 145. 09 2,300, 348. 12 ..... Present month. .--............................ - o0271, 794. 19 ............. "Total gross amount expended this fiscal year ........... 61672, 145. 09 2, 572,142. 31 .............. Less receiptsfrom sales...............................-- -................ 730. 00 Net expenditures this fiscal year___............... 672,145.09 2,571,412.31 ............. Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury United States........................ .. ............. _ 298, 206. 08 4, 341, 000. 00 In other depositories-----.... In hand.................................. 778, 881. 61 -- Total unexpended at end of month...........--- 1, 077, 087. 69 4, 341, 000. 00 'Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable........... ....................... _Amount covered by uncompleted contracts....._--- 11, 526. 12 1, 065, 561. 57 --..-........... 1,808, 067. 22 Total outstanding-...... ...... ............ --- 1, 077, 087. 69 1,808, 067. 22 Balance available at end of month---....-------------- ----------- 2, 532, 932. 78 (Footnote 53-Continued) Bend of Island No. 8, Mo-------------.........................--.................---------------------- $7, 777. 22 Cairo, Ill --------------------------------------------------- 529. 84 Reelfoot Front, Ky --- --- ------------------------------- 9,578.26 $5, 226,473. 19 Improving harbors and tributaries: Memphis harbor..------------------------------ 8, 588. 31 Flood relief work: Refugee work-flood, 1927........................................... 30, 999.62 Total expended allotments-----.............................-------------------................-------------------......... 19, 010,112. 79 5' Amount reported is covered by reallotment of Jan. 15, 1930, serial No. C-5664, ED. No. 7402-A (Miss. R.) 404, and P-3241-189-2, having been transferred from office, president, Mississippi River Commission, 55 allotment "Dredging and Miscellaneous Surveys Gages and Observations." Amount reported is covered by reallotment of Jan. 15, 1930, serial No. C-5664, ED. No. 7402-A (Miss. R.) 404, and P-3241-189-2, having been transferred from office, president, Mississippi River Commission, allotment-Dredging and Miscellaneous-Mississippi River Commission. .86 Expended allotments (funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River-special fund): Upper St. Francis levee district.---------- ------------ -------------------- 1, 012, 180. 43 Lower St. Francis levee district-------- ---------------- ------------------- 2, 162, 264. 40 Levees, tributary streams.------------------------------------------------- 12, 000. 00 Total expended allotments,---.------------ ----------------------------- 3,186, 444. 83 87Amount reported covers return of unexpended balance to White River drainage and levee district of :Phillips and Desha Counties, Ark. (See Treasury settlement certificate No. 0220022 of Dec. 18, 1929). 8S Amount reported is covered by advice of allotment of Sept. 26, 1929, serial No. C-5438, ED-7402-A (Miss. :R.) 291, and P-3241-66-45d. soAmount reported is covered by advice of allotment of June 9,1930, serial No. C-6028, ED-7402-A (Miss. .R.) and P-3304-48-2c. soIncludes Treasury settlement of $5.12. 61Includes outstanding claims for reimbursement amounting to $0.00. 6sIncludes outstanding claims for reimbursement amounting to $0.80. 230 IEPORT OF O]IEF.):.F ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Consolidated stotement of ondition of appropriations and allotments, under Missiippi River Commission, J 30, 1930--Continued eo MEMPHIS- ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries- New project Rights of way flood- Flowage flood ways Revetments way levees Act Febru- Act May Act Febru- Act May 29, ary 28, 1929 29, 1928 ary 28, 1929 1928 Amount expended on present project to end of I ctFebr-- ctI My.tFebru . . last fiscal year.-------------------... ---- . ea $32, 000. 00 $48, 297. 71 $4. 11 $2, 278, 645.72 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year-..... 9, 202. 29 54, 995. 89 667, 567. 91 Amount allotted present fiscal year_ -----.-.- * 250, 500. 00 ----------- a 144, 000. 00 ...-------------- Amount to be accounted for_.............. 250, 500.00 9, 202. 29 198, 995. 89 667, 567.91 Deductions---------------- . .---........ ------------------------ 66170,000.00 ...........------------- Net amount to be accounted for............ 250, 500. 00 9, 202. 29 28, 995. 89 667, 567.91 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month....... 186, 522. 77 9, 202.29 9, 467. 37 700, 652. 12 Present month__.. ,,_ .............. 15,059.41 ------------ 1, 940. 73 ...........----------- Total gross amount expended this fiscal year. ....... . ... 67 201, 582. 18 67 9,202. 29 67 11, 408. 10 67 700,652. 12 Less receipts from sales_,_. _..........- 215. 00 ------------------------- 33, 084. 21 Net expenditures this fiscal year-.......... 201, 367. 18 9, 202. 29 11, 408. 10 667, 567. 91 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury United States................... 11,215.00------------ 3,995. 8 .............. In other depositories_ ......... ______ In hand------------ 37, 917.82 ------------ 13, 591.90 ------------ Total unexpended at end of month......... 49, 132. 82 ------------ 17, 587. 79 -------------- Outstanding liabilities at end of month less ac- counts receivable............................... -6, 153. 57-..-...... 653. 81 --------- Amount covered by uncompleted contracts .... 720. 00 6, 795. 00--- ------ Total outstanding.......................... -5, 433. 57 ..........-- 7, 448. 81------------ Balance available atends of-month..--.... 54, 66. 3 ............ 10, 138. 98 63Expenditures under deficiency act of May 29, 1928. 64Includes $200,000, allotted July 26, 1929, serial No. 0-5308, ED-6500 (Miss. R.-New Madrid flood way) 52, and P-3241-66-34; and $9,500, allotted Sept. 26, 1929, serial No. C-5438, ED-7402A (Miss. R.) 291 and P-3241-66-45d; and $41,000, allotted Jan. 9, 1930, serial No. 0-5625, ED-7402A (Miss. R.) 397, and P-3241-166-25c. 65Amount reported is'covered by allotment of Sept. 26, 1929, serial No. C-5438, ED-7402A (Miss. R.) 291, and P-3241-66-45d. 66 Amount reported is covered by revocation (transfer) of Mar. 6, 1930, serial No. C-5762, ED-7042A (Miss. R.) 435, and P-3241-220-1. 67Includes outstanding claims for reimbursements amounting to $0.00. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2131 Consolidated statenent -of condition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississippi River Comwassion, June 30, 1930-Continued MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT--Continued Flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries-New project Revetments: Contraction works ----- Act February Act May 28, Act Febru- Act May 28, 28, 1929 1930 ary 28, 1929 1930 i - - - -- I-- - - - - Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year................ 6s$21,908.40 ----------- Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year-------... ...... ... . . .. ... _.. $1, 932,200. 28 -------------- 993, 091.60 -- Amount allotted present fiscal year .... 69 713, 000. 00 70$2, 300, 000.00 71105, 000. 00 72$1, 464, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for........ 2, 645, 200. 28 2, 300, 000. 00 1,098, 091. 60 1,464, 000.00 Deductions...................... Net amount to be accounted for.... Gross-amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month. Present month__ Total gross amount expended this Sfiscal year---- - . . . . . . 617, 368. 66 ---------------- r 2, 637,427.07 ---......---------...... Less receipts from sales.............. ... 25, 392.70 ._ Net expenditures this fiscal year___ 2, 612, 034. 37 ------- 617, 368. 66 ---------------- Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury United States-........... 2, 718. 50 2, 000, 000. 00 370, 001. 10 1,464, 000. 00 In other depositories...........-_ .. In hand.................._......_... 30, 447.41 300, 000.00 110, 721.84 . 6 0 Total unexpended at end of month. 33, 165.91 2, 300,000. 00 480, 722. 94 1,464, 000.00 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable ............---. 30, 754. 78 ------- --------- 2,812. 80 ...------------- Amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts - ---------------------------- 2, 411. 13 585, 241. 58 477, 910. 14 343, 897. 25 Total outstanding ................------------ 33, 165.91 585, 241. 58 480, 722. 94 343, 897. 25 Balance available at end of month. 1,714,758.42-----.--..--- 1, 120, 102.75 67Includes outstanding claims for reimbursments amounting to $0.00. 6s Includes $15,000 expended under deficiency act of May 29, 1928, and $6,908,40 expended under act of Feb. 28, 1929. *6Includes $180,000, allotted Nov. 4, 1929, serial No. C-5504, ED-7402A (Miss. R.) 330, and P-3241-167-6; and $225,000, allotted Nov. 12, 1929, serial No. C-5524, ED-7402A (Miss. R.) 336, and P-3241-166-17; and $308,000 reallotted Mar. 6, 1930, serial No. C-5762 ED-7402A (Miss. R.) 435, and P-3241-220-1, having been transferred from allotments, viz: Flowage ~ood way~ s$170,000 and drainages-Birds Point-New Madrid flood way--$138000. 70 Amount reported is covered by allotment of June 9, 1930, serial No. C-6028, ED-7402A (Miss. R.), and P-3304-48-2c. 71Amount reported is covered by allotment of Nov. 12, 1929, serial No. C-5524, ED-7402A (Miss. R.) 336, and P-3241-166-17. 72Amount reported is covered by allotment of June 12, 1930, serial No. C-6052, ED-7402A (Miss. R.) 494, and P-3304-64. 7 Includes Treasury settlements amounting to $933.47. 7 Includes outstanding claims for reimbursements amounting to $157.79. 2132 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Oonsolidated statemnent of oondition of appropriations and allotmenti, under Mi&sissippi River Commtission, June SO, 1930-Continued MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries-New project Dredging Mapping I Act of May Act of Feb. Act of May Act of May Act of Feb. Act of May 29, 1928 28, 1929 28, 1930 29, 1928 28, 1929 28, 1930 Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year----------------- $443, 464.15 ............ $1,207.61--------- $4, 526. 48.---------I------.. Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year...... ...... 53, 473. 52 $130, 000. 00 ............ 249, 020. 85 998, 792. 39 ...--......------... Amount allotted present fiscal year... -. --------------------- 75$750,000.00 7$..... 75$75, 000. 00' .....-----.....-------------....... Amount to be accounted for... _ -..-------- ..- 249, 020. 85 998, 792. 39 750, 000.00 53, 473.52 130, 000.00 75,000.00' Deductions---.-..-..-.......-. .........- -------- ------ 7642, 000. 00 ............ Net amount to be ac- counted for...__...... 020.85 249, 998, 792.39 1750,000.00 53,473.52 88,000.00 75, 000.00' Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month. ... ...... 250, 728. 95 809, 363. 02----------- ............45, 330. 32 -....--.-.-.---.... Present month__.......... ............7769, 505. 72---------- 1, 728, 04 .-...... ............-- _..._..___.._... Total gross amount ex- pended this fiscal year.. 78250, 728. 95 7 878, 868. 74---------- 7847, 058. 36 ------------. ............ . Less receipts from sales......... 1,708.10 2, 812.00 .. ............................... Net expenditures this fiscal year.............. 249, 020. 85 876, 056. 74 ----------.. 47, 058. 36...................... Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury United States.. ............9,454. 24 750,000.00......----------.... 68,000.00 75, 000.00 In hand.................... 113, 281. 41 ...----.....--------. 6, 415.16 20, 000.00 ........... Total unexpended at end of month..---...... - 122, 735.65 750, 000.00 6, 415.16 88, 000.00 75, 000.00 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receiv- able.. . . .-- - - .. .- 151, 621. 57------------........... .------------- 537. 69.--------------.--. Amount covered by uncom- pleted contracts_ __...... 18, 932.91 ...... ...................... ........ Total outstanding....... -- 537. 69--- 132,688. 66 ..----------....... .....------------- ......------ ............---------- Balance available at end of month............. 255,424.31 750, 000.00 5,877.47 88, 000. 00 75,000. 0oo i7 Amount reported is covered by allotment of June 12, 1930, serial No. C-6052, ED-7402A (Miss. R.) 494, and P-3304-64. 76 Amount reported is covered by revocation of allotment (transfer) of Mar. 6, 1930, serial No. C-5762, ED-7402A (Miss. R.) 435, and P-3241-220-1. 7 Includes Treasury settlements amounting to $648.84. 78Includes outstanding claims for reimbursements amounting to $0.00. 70 Includes outstanding claims for reimbursements amounting to $228,856.33. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSIOl 213& Coonsoidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under. Mississippi River Commission, Jwne380, 1930--Continued MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries-New project Surveys, gages, and observations Hydraulic L . T .L ... ILaboratory- Act May 29, Act Feb. 28, Feb. 28, Act May 28, Act 1929 1928 1929 1930 Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year-------------------------------- $113, 531. 70 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year..- 40, 671. 30 $130, 000. 00 ..... ................... Amount allotted present fiscal year............. 86348. 24 8742, 000. 00 88$125, 000. 00 89$50, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for........ - - 41, 019. 54 172, 000.00 125, 000. 00 50,000.00 Deductions----------------------------.. 9048, 128.29 Net amount to be accounted for......... 41, 019. 54 172, 000. 00 00 125, 000. 1, 871. 71 Gross amount expended: Present:flscaj year prior to this month...... 41, 019. 54 136, 113. 55 ------------- 1, 772. 94 Present month _. 16, 464.35.............. Total gross amount expended this fiscal year_.... o141, 019. 54 9o 152, 577. 90 --------- oI1, 772. 94 9----- Less receipts from sales---------- --- Net expenditures this fiscal year.......... 41, 019. 54 152, 577. 90 .....--------.....----... - 1, 772. 94 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury United States.....-.....-- In hand.................................... 2,002. 10 17, 420.00 125, 0O.000 -........... 98. 77 Total unexpended at end of month....... 19, 422. 10 125, 000. 00 98.77 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable--...---......................--------------- ..............5,872.39 - --------- . - -98.77 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts....- ... .. 13,549.71 2, 350. 29 ...... Total outstanding.. ..................... 19, 422. 10 2,350. 29 98. 77 Balance available at end of month........ 122, 71 ...........-------- 649. sAmount reported is covered by reallotment of Jan. 15, 1930, serial No. C-5664,ED-7402A (Miss.R.) 404 and P-3241-189-2. a Amount reported is covered by reallotment of Mar. 6, 1930, serial No. C-5762, ED-7402A (Miss. R.) 435, and P-3241-220-1, having been transferred from the allotment " Mapping." flAmount reported is covered by allotment of June 12, 1930, serial No. C-6052, ED-7402A (Miss. R.) 494, and0 P-3304-64. s Amount reported is covered by allotment of Aug. 26, 1929, serial No. C-5384, ED-7402A (Miss. R.) 294, and P-3241-181-2. *AmonL t reported is covered by revocation by transfer of Dec. 27, 1929, serial No. C-5596 ED-7402A (Miss. R.) 377, and P-3241-151-6, having been transferred to office, president, Mississippi River Com- mission. s1Includes outstanding claims for reimbursements amounting to $0.00. 9sIncludes outstanding claims for reimbursements amounting to $0.50. 2134 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississippi River Commission, June 30, 1980--Continued MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Flood control, Mississippi River and tribu- taries-New project Drainages, Birds Point-New Madrid floodway Total Act Feb. 28, Act May 28, 1929 1930 Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year.... ..-------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------- $4,087,190. 92 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year....----............. 9, 483, 661. 12 . .......---------..... Amount allotted present fiscal year...............------------------93 $300, 000. 00 " $450, 000. 00 11, 205, 848. 24 Amount to be accounted for --................... - 300, 000. 00 450, 000. 00 20,689, 509. 36 Deductions .... -------------------------- ---------- 5 138, 000. 00 ---------------- 398, 128. 29 Net amount to be accounted for------------------.................. 162, 000. 00 450, 000.00 20, 291, 381. 07 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month--------------.............. 35, 319. 76 ---------------- 8, 333072. 74 Present month--------------------------------- 64, 512. 41 ---------------- 560, 713. 68 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year-...._ 9199, 832. 17 ................ 8, 893, 786. 42 Less receipts from sales-- ----- ------..........------------------- 63, 942. 01 Net expenditures this fiscal year------------------.................. 99, 832. 17 ................--------------- 8,829, 844. 41 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury United States----------------------__ 2, 000. 00 450, 000. 00 10, 032,592. 91 In hand..............................----------------------------------------- 167. 83 ---------------- 1, 428, 943. 75 Total unexpended at end of month--------------............... 62, 167. 83 450, 000.00 11, 461, 536. 66 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable- ------- ------------------------------- 9, 564. 42 __.---------- -- -95, 954.36 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts....---------------21, 592. 76 ............-------------- 4, 347, 029. 56 Total outstanding -----------........ -------..... 31, 157. 18 ... ..---------------- 4, 251,075. 20 Balance available at end of month.---------------- 31, 010. 65 450,000.00 7, 210, 461.46 01Includes outstanding claims for reimbursement amount to $0.00. 9 Amount reported is covered by allotment of Nov. 12, 1929, serial No. C-5524, ED-7402A (Miss. R.) 336, end P-3241-166-17. " Amount reported is covered by allotment of June 12, 1930, serial No. C-6052, ED-7402A (Miss. R.) 494, and P-3304-64. "8Amount reported is covered by revocation, or transfer, of Mar. 6, 1930, serial No. C-5762, ED-7402A (Miss. R.) 435, and P-3241-220-1. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2135: Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississippi River Commission, June 80, 1980--Continued MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Funds contrib- Funds uted for contrib- improve- uted for ment of =improve- Gagingd Missis- ment of waters 'of sippi Missis- the Mis- River at sippi. sissippi Mound Expended Expended ap- Grandtota River, River, City, Ill. contributed propriations Yazoo- and its (special funds Missis- tribu- fund) sippi taries, section 4 Delta act June rivers levee 13, 1902 and district, harbors, (special act Mar. fund) 4, 1915, 4940 (levees) Amount expended on pre- vious project, ---_-_--- $765, 232. 34 06 $2, 388, 566.61 0o$48, 093, 229. 76 $74, 589, 163. 24 Amount expended on pres- ent project to end of last fiscal year_..__..___.... 36, 377. 16 $2, 700. 00 --. .. _ _ _____--- 8, 489, 784. 43 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year.... 28, 390. 50 ----------.--.------------------- 10, 400, 478. 65 Amount allotted present fiscal year............ 982, 400. 00 992, 800. 00 1$6, 604. 00 ------------------------------- 11, 465, 875. 35 Amount to be ac- counted for ....... 30, 790. 50 2, 800. 00 6, 604. 00- ..-.----------------------- 21, 866, 354. 00 Deductions... - 401, 092.55 Net amount to be ac- counted for ....... 30, 790. 50 2, 800. 00 6, 604. 00 ---------- ---------------- 21, 465, 261.45 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year pri- or to this month, _ _ 27, 429. 57 1,968. 92 6, 481. 92 ------------- __ __------------- 9, 402, 238. 16 Present month ..--. - 831.08----- ------------------------------ 578, 295. 21 Total gross amount ex- - pended this fiscal year_ 2 27, 429. 57 2 2, 800. 00 2 6, 481.92------------------------- Less receipts from sales.... 9, 980, 533. 37 64,497. 01 Net expenditures this fiscal year.... 27. 429. 57 2, 800 00 6, 481. 92-------------------------- 9, 916, 036. 36 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury, United States____________ 2, 400. 00-----..... 122. 08------------------------------ 10,104, 341.56 In other depositories_- In hand..._______ 960.93------------------------------ ---------------- 1, 444, 883.53 Total unexpended at end of month...... 3, 360. 93 ....... 122. 08 ------------- ------------ 11, 549, 225. 09 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less ac- counts receivable...._.. -... . .. .... 122. 08 -- ------------- ------ -87, 874. 95 Amount covered by un- completed contracts- .- ---------------- 1, 500. 00 ...... ---------.----. 4, 393, 004.14 Total outstanding__- 1, 500. 00 ---------- 122.08 ---------- ---------------- 4, 305,129.19 Balance available at end of month...... 1, 860. 93 7, 244, 095. 90 Expended contributed funds I (appropriation for improvement of Mississippi River): Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill.- Reelfoot levee district in Kentucky ...-------------- $25,000.00 Upper St. Francis levee district---__-..............------------------... 234, 000.00 Near Laconia Circle, Ark-...___.... -..................... 8,000.00 $267, 000.00 2136. REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 (Footnote 96 continued) Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improve- ment, and protection- Trotters Point, Miss...... ------------------------------ $100,000.00 Near Memphis, Tenn._-------------------------------- 1,066. 61 Star Landing, Miss.-----.----------------------------- 210, 000.00 Delta, Miss-------------------------------------................................................ 160, 000. 00 Gayoso Bend, Mo.----------------------------------- 150, 000.00 Norfolk, Miss...........................................------------------------------------.100,000.00 Norfolk, Sunflower and Trotters Point; Miss------------ 100, 000.00 Wyanoke Landing, Ark__ _______ __ 60, 000.00 Revetment, Ohio, below Cache River .--__-- ----------.-- 20,000. 00 Hickman, Ky------------------------------------......................... 20, 500.00 $921, 566. 61 Funds contributed for Mississippi River in the Yazoo-Missis- sippi Delta levee district. Special fund--....__...._ .-..- ___.....-- _.. 1,200, 000. 00 Total expended contributed funds........................---------------------------------------- $2, 388, 566. 61 n Expended appropriations: Repairing Government levee at Walnut Bend, Ark... .------------------------------- $90,000.00 Emergencies in river and harbor works (for Wolf River)_-------..................---- 8, 000.00 Emergency flood control, Mississippi River (levees), act of Apr. 21, 1922_._............. 49, 638. 82 Emergency flood control, Mississippi River, deficiency act of Dec. 22, 1927- Plant and miscellaneous- Plant- ---------------------------------------------- $50,000.00 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel im- provement and protection- Trotters, Miss.......-.-.-...-.-.-.-...-...._... . $115, 823. 56 Old Town, Ark--------------------------------....................................... 19,176. 44 Knowlton, Ark-.--------------------------------- 3,958.15 Gayoso Bend, Mo----- .... ----------------------------- 180,000.00 Bend of Island No. 8, Mo------------------------- 200,000.00 Laconia, Ark ---------------------------------- 84,496.03 603, 454. 18 Dredging and miscellaneous- Dredges and dredging (Mississippi River Commission dredging district)-------- ------------------------------------- 107, 145. 92 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill.- R eelfo ot le vee d ist r i c t_ . . . .- . . .-- . . .- . . . . . -. - - $5 57.8 8 Upper St. Francis levee district_ __-----------------161,837. 97 Lower St. Francis levee district--------------------95, 506. 50 White River levee district------..........- -.- 439, 418. 72 Levees, general repairs and restoration.--------------- 88, 250. 22 Levees, tributary streams--.........-----.-....-... 97, 318. 73 882, 890.02 1, 643, 490.12 Rebuilding levees of the Mississippi River and tributaries damaged by floods---------- 620,000.00 Maintain'ng and protectine levees of Mississippi River and tributaries againEt floods... 104, 558. 97 Claims for damages by collision, river and harbor works Maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, act of _ _______ _ _ _ _______ 15. 00 Oct. 2, 1914 distributed as follows-- Surveys (includes $375 for levees)_ _____ ..-- .-----.__-__ - $1, 500. 00 Upper St. Francis levee district---... ----------..-- 101, 637, 28 Lower St. Francis levee district.-------------------------------437,000. 00 White River levee district..........------ -- ------------------------- 160, 000. 00 Slough Landing Neck, Tenn_-----.- ...-.---.------ ---.-. -.-... 191,498. 17 Plum Point reach. _ - _____- Star Landing, Miss -------------------------------------------. ---- - ---- --------- -__- 1, 260.00 106, 724. 54 Trotters Point, Miss---.....-------------------------- - 2, 376. 36 Delta Miss ----------------- - 20, 257. 67 Old Town Bend, Ark- .- ._ 2, 687. 65 .----------------------------- Sunflower, Miss............---------------......................---------------------------------... 13:83 Plant (repairs)- Revetment.... ----------------------------------- 13, 607. 43 Plant. ---------------------------------------- 40, 028. 86 53, 636. 29 Stone-----........--................................----------------------------------------------.. 1,574.35 Watson Point, Ky. (dike at Slough Landing Neck)----- ------ -113,000.00 Experimental revetment- _.___. . ... - ----------. ... _-_--- 2, 500. 00 1, 195, 666. 14 Maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, act of Mar. 4, 1915, distributed as follows- Surveys (includes $750 for levees).............-_-............. -3,000.00 Upper St. Francis levee district .-------------------------------- 233,378. 19 Lower St. Francis levee district ......---------...---------------------- 315, 000. 65 White River levee district - ---------------- "-------------- 160,103. 00 Plum Point reach-----------......... ----------------- -------------- 175, 041. 39 Delta, Miss....._.. ....... 94, 805. 87 .....------------------------------------------------ Slough Landing Neck, Tenn ----------------------------------- 192, 270. 74 Barfleld, Ark...--------------- -------------------------------- ,545.98 Hopefield Bend, Ark-- -------------------------------------- 7,296. 03 Star Landing Miss...... ----------- -------------------------------- 8,855. 62 Sunflower, Miss ...------------------------------------------- 172.50 Plant (repairs) ..... 9, 979. 81 Stone... - ----------- 1,573.37 Experimental revetment------.....------------------ 22, 201. 39 Plant ... -- ------ ----------- ..................-- 75, 000.00 New.plant --------- ------- ----------------------- -------- 500.00 Memphis Harbor.-.-------.--- ------------------- 25, 000.00 1,380, 224.54 SMISSISSIPPI RIVER GOMMISSON 2137: (Footnote 97 continued) Modifications and readjustments of contracts, river and harbor improve- ment, act July 18, 1918- Upper St. Francis levee district----------------------------- $2,866.36 Lower St. Francis levee district----- _ ___-------_---- -- 24, 779.31 White River levee district.. ----------------------------------- 20,489. 68 $48,135. 35 Deficiency act. of Mar. 1, 1921 (levees)- Claim of Roach Stansell, Lowrance Bros. & Co-----------.................----..... 184, 428. 27 Claim of H. B. Blanks----- ----------------------------- 123, 569. 03 307, 997. 30 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors, for Ashport, Tenn._.. 485. 00 Surveys for terminal sites vicinity of Memphis----------------......................................... 600.00 Increase of compensation, rivers and harbors- Fiscal year 1918 (includes $703.92 for levees) -- ---------.............--..... $7, 551. 58 .......---------------- 2, 271. 15 Fiscal year 1919 (includes $652.66 for levees)------- Fiscal year 1919 (Mississippi River Commission dredging district)..... 2,642.74 Fiscal year 1920 (includes $3 515.99 for levees) --------.......................... 6, 599. 99 Fiscal year 1920 (Mississippi River Commission dredging district)..... 14, 472. 38 Fiscal year 1921 (includes $2 651.15 for levees) -----------................. ---- 8, 692. 97 Fiscal year 1921 (Mississippi River Commission dredging district)..... 15, 528. 59 Fiscal year 1922 (includes $13,929.82 for levees)---....... 37, 397. 10 . .----------- Fiscal year 1922 (Mississippi River Commission dredging district)..... 24,103. 99 119, 260. 49 Increase of compensation, War Department, 1923 (includes $10,616.26 for levees) ....------- _-_- ----------------- - 26, 384. 90 Increase of compensation, War Department, 1923 (Mississippi River dredg- ing district) ...--------------------------.............................---------------------- 25, 867. 18 52, 252. 08 Appropriations for Mississippi River- Surveys, gages and observations (includes $40,721.51 for levees)........ 162, 886. 03 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill.- Upper St. Francis levee district------------------ $896, 494.52 Lower St. Francis levee district .-.... 3, 253, 189. 75 .--.----.- .......--- White River levee district_------- ..-- . 2,434,.64&5.80 Reelfoot levee district.. __.....----- .- 385, 000.00 Upper Yazoo levee district_---------- .. 1,468, 703. 45 Walnut Bend levee, preservation of works at--------- 28, 200.00 -- Preservation of works (levees) ...................... 17, 909. 00 8, 684,142.52 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel im- provement, and protection- Preservation of works_...- ..-- .-- __.. .- .-------...--. 36, 958. 89 Slough Landing Neck, Tenn ._..._______..._-_----_ _... 206, 385. 36 Chute of Island 26 (abattis dikes)_... .------ _----_.__ 1,478.11 Plum Point reach...............................-------------------------------5, 591,629. 22 Removal of Nonconnah Rock..................-......... 9, 000. 00 Golden Lake, Ark........---------------------------------.............................. 91,193. 91 Walnut Bend, Ark-- _ _------------------------------- 346, 309. 92 Trotters Point, Miss... .------------------------------ 101,185. 94 Sunflower, Miss._ ---------------------------------- 253, 365. 56 Stone. ------------------------------------------ 138, 223. 04 Star Landing, Miss----.. ----------------------.- 17, 220. 95 Delta, Miss--------........-- ------------------------------ 965. 24 Gayoso Bend, Mo...................-------------------------------- 150, 000.00 Barfield, Ark....................------------------------------------ 200, 000. 00 Bullerton Bar, Ark.....-------------------------------- 70, 000.00 Old Town Bend, Ark_---------------................ -. 488, 483. 67 Osceola Ark ------------------------------------- 25, 000.00 Porter Lake, Ark- -----.... ----.. ------------- -445, 525. 51 Norfolk, Miss......------------------------------------ 42, 002. 05 Knowlton, Ark ----------------------------------- 23, 805. 48 8,.238,9732. 85 Improving harbors and tributaries, except Vicksburg harbor-- Columbus, Ky - . .----------------------------------- $43, 750.00 Hickman, Ky ------------------------------------ 95,132.00 New Madrid, Mo------------------------------------ 153,000.00 Caruthersville, Mo------ .--------------------------- 80, 314.37 Memphis, Tenn ---------------------------------- 45,000.00 Improving harbor at Memphis, Tenn-__..------------- 1,429, 244. 94 Memphis, Tenn. (Wolf River) ------------....----------- 25, 786. 00 Improving harbor at Memphis, Tenn. (Wolf River)...... 45, 000.00 Hopefeld Bend, preservation of works at--.......------------ 707,081.03 Wolf River..... -------------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 Memphis Harbor_...-.--.-------......------.... 29,069. 70 Helena, Ark----------..............------------ - 297, 868. 81 Improving St. Francis River (Walnut Bend levee)----....... 75,000.00 3, 036, 246. 85 Examination and survey of lands subject to overflow, east bank, Mississippi River (Survey, east bank, Mississippi River, Bessie to Memphis, Tenn.) (levees) .......---------------------------------------------------- 11, 000.00 Dredges and dredging...........................-------------------------------- 388, 097.12 Experimental dikes..............................-------------------------------------------- 54, 924. 42 Plant and miscellaneous- Plant., --------------------------------------.......................... $1, 916,984. 81 New plant -------------------------------------- 916, 478. 71 2,833,463.52 Dredging and miscellaneous- Dredges and dredging (Mississippi River dredging district)...... 6, 801, 052. 61 30, 210, 545. 92 2138 REPORT OF OHIEFOFF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 (Footnote 97 continued) Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and Sacramento River, Calif., surveys, gages and observations- Surveys..-- ---------------- ---------------------- $5,000.00 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, I1L- Reelfoot levee district_ -- -__ ----------- $119, 582.46 Upper St. Francis levee district_--------------------679,806.75 Lower St. Francis levee district ---------------- 2,180, 612. 79 White River levee district--------.....- 740,000. 00 3, 720, 002.00 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel iniBbvbme t , add tt idh- Watson Point, .. (dike at Slough Landing Neck) - 55. 88 Hopefleld Bend, Ark.__.....-...--- .--..- . .----..1, 027. 89 Hopefleld, Ark.----___---------__--_------- 70, 226. 70 Star Landing, Miss----................. ------------ 2, 537. 03 Delta, Miss------------------------------------ 1, 037. 49 Stone----------- -- .----------------------------- 63, 138. 52 Gayoso Bend, Mo----------------------------------- .50, 000.00 Osceola, Ark.....--------------------------------- 107,000.00 Below Cache River_.----------------------------- 61, 629. 56 Walnut Bend, Ark.......----------------------- ------ 43, 551. 88 Barfield, Ark.....---------------------------------303, 673. 16 Bauxippi, Ark- _.--------------------------------- 54, 456. 88 Sunflower, Miss......----------------..--........------------ 110,168. 76 Wyanoke, Ark _ .-------------------------------- 41, 365. 00 Norfolk, Miss__--_- -,---------------------- 118,413. 73 _ Porter Lake, Ark__---------_ ------------ 751, 688. 97 Trotters Point, Miss....-------------------------- 390, 681.21 Old Town, Ark_.--..---.--..----.-.---.---------. 323, 993. 07 Aenu Ark-------------------.--------------..310, 570..94 Friar'Point, Miss ----------------------- --------- -539. 74 Hickman, Ky ----------------------------------- 142.28 Protection of Memphis Municipal Terminal ...--- 75.08 Golden Lake, Ark----....-.........------.-------.. 93,177. 32 Experimental concrete revetment ------------------- 36, 724. 10 2, 935, 875. 19 Plant and miscellaneous- New plant-. .... 1, 298, 678. 58 .--------------------------------- Plant-- - ---- .---- ----------------------------- 441, 195. 94 1, 739, 874. 52 Improving harbors and tributaries- Memphis Harbor and Hopefleld Point--............... 80, 000. 00 740, Memphis Harbor (revetment)....--------.........- - 506. -25 660, - 740, 506. 25 Dredging and miscellaneous- Dredges and dredging (Mississippi River dredging district)-_..... 2, 812,224. 76 11, 953, 482. 72 Appropriation for flood relief, Missisisppi River- Reelfoot levee district-_ _-_ - _-14, 376. 81 Upper St. Francis levee district_---------------------------- - 98, 546. 78 Lower St. Francis levee district -------------------------------- 128, 462. 22 White River levee district-....-----... ----------...---.---------------- 67, 491. 50 308, 877. 31 Total expended appropriations_...---.--.-..----..--..--------..-. - 48, 093, 229. 76 98Amount reported is covered by contribution by the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta levee district on Aug 27, 1929, of $1,500 and on May 16, 1930, of $900, authority for acceptance ED-3103 (Miss. R.) 392. Con- tributed for levees. o9Allotted June 7, 1929 (approved by Secretary of War, June 5, 1929), Serial No. C-5213, ED-3063 (Mis- sissippi River Commission, secretary) 20 and P-3286-2-6. 1 Contribution of Sept. 19, 1929, by the city of Mound City, Ill., for paving levee on levee front of that city. Authority for acceptance ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1716. 2 Includes outstanding claims for reimbursements amounting to $0.00. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2139 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under Missisaippi River Commission, June SO, 1930-Continued VICKSBURG ENGINEER DISTRICT Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River Old project New, project Surveys, Levees, gages, Mississippi Revet- and River, ments Total Levee Expended observa- Miss., La., (act of plant allotments tions and Ark., Mar. 23, (act of (act of 1928) Mar. 23, Mar. 23, 1928) 1928) 1 - -~--1 -- - 1I - 1-- - -- - - Amount expended on previ- ous project---------------- $370, 590. 82 a $17, 073, 886 . 641- --------........... I-------........------.... $17, 444, 477. 46 Amount expended on pres- ent project to end of last fiscal year ---- ..----------------------- $50, 000. 00 $1, 000,000.00 $990,347. 52 2, 040, 347. 52 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year........... 3,909.181------- - ..---------------------- 9, 652. 48 13, 561. 66 .Amount allotted present fiscal year---------------- 8, 193. 07 8, 193. 07 Amount to be accounted for_ 3, 909. 18---------------........ ---------------------- 17, 845. 55 21, 754. 73 Net amount to be accounted for............-_...------3, 909. 18 ------------- ------------------- 17, 845. 55 21, 754. 73 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month ........ 2, 808.73 ..- ------------------------------- - 12, 416. 53 15, 225. 26 Present month-.......... 1, 100. 45 --------- ----------------------- -34.00 1,066. 45 Total gross amount ex- pended this fiscal year..... 3, 909. 18----------------------------------- 12, 382.53 16, 291.71 Net expenditures this fiscal year.................... 3, 909. 18 --------------------------------- 12, 382. 53 16, 291. 71 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury United States ..... 34. 00 34. 00 In hand ...-.. ......... .-......------------------------------------ 5, 429. 02 5, 429. 02 Total unexpended at end of month....... 5, 463. 02 5, 463. 02 Outstanding liabilities at kend of month less accounts receivable .............. 5, 463. 02 5, 463. 02 5, 463.02 5, 463.02 3 Expended allotments (flood control, Mississippi River), old project: Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improvement and protection- Caulk Neck, Miss---------........................-------------------------------- $262, 542. 25 Bolivar, Miss -----......-- ------------------------------------- 104, 118. 01 Yellow Bend, Ark.....-------------........................................----------------------------- 275, 122. 46 Ashbrook Neck, Miss.-------------....................--------------------------------- 250, 115. 99 Panther Forest, Ark--..---........................................----------------------------- 140, 871. 89 Miller Bend, Miss...------...........----..........-------------------------170, 000. 00 Greenville, Miss-------...........................------------------------------------............... 770, 917. 77 Vaucluse, Ark .........--------------------------------------------- 157, 476. 09 Sunnyside, Ark .-- . ---------------------------- .......... 239, 036. 17 Grand Lake, Ark--...-- -------------------------------- ----- 361, 865. 28 Princeton, Miss-...------......------------------------------------287, 687. 80 Valewood, Miss------ .............-------------------------------------- 611, 297. 03 Hagaman, La------..... --------------------------------------- 298, 585. 87 Goodrich, La-----......----- ------------------ ------------------ 320, 308. 05 Cottonwood, Miss-----...........----------------...............--------------------.................... 202, 717. 82 Milliken Bend, La----------- .... ------------------------------ 247, 769. 56 Delta Point, La...........-----------------....................------....................-------------------... 6, 005. 96 Opposite Delta Point, La --------------------------------------- 871. 89 Vicksburg, Miss--------- ------------------------------------ 6, 011. 29 Stone-- ---------------- -------------------------------------- 27,044.54 Arkansas City, Ark----------------------------------------- 33,484.86 Leland Neck, Ark ------------------------------------------ 220,651.48 2140 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ,ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Consolidated statement of condition of a ppropriation and allotments, under Missitssippi River GomMission, June SOo, 1930--Continued VICKSBTURG ENGINEER DISTRICT--Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries (new project) Levees, Mississippi River, Miss., La., Levees, south bank and Ark. Arkansas River, Ark. Act of Act of Act of Act of Act of May 29, Feb. 28, May 28, May 29, Feb. 28, 1928 1929 1930 1928 1929 _____ Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year_............. $1, 470, 555. 14 $242, 579. 78 Balance unexpended at end of last ----------- ------------- fiscal year.......- -- 107, 244. 8( 3, 275, 000.00 ---.......... 87, 420.22 $1, 000, 000. 00 Amount allotted present fiscal year-... -............- S1, 094, 500. 00r $6, 015, 000. 00 .________ __ 8 93,847.07 Amount to be accounted for_........... 107, 244.86 4 369, 500. 00 6, 015, 000.00 87, 420.22 1, 093, 847.07 Deductions-....................... .... ............. 390, 500. 00.------ ..---------------- 1040, 000.00 Net amount to be accounted for........ 107, 244.86 3, 979, 000. 00 6,015,000.00 87,420. 22 1,053,847.07 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this m onth -....----- ......--- ---- 107, 244.86 1, 724, 015. 53 ... .... . 87, 420.22 728, 079. 09 Present month_..................... ....----.-- _ 306, 644. 55 ....----------------------- 39, 089. 48 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year.---.-- - 107, 244. 86 112, 030,660.08......---------- 87, 420. 22 767, 168. 57 Less receipts from sales_............. ............. 1, 939. 10-------------------------............----------..........-- Net expenditures this fiscal year-..... 107,244. 86 2, 028, 720. 981--........... 87, 420. 22 767, 168. 57 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury United States..._- __..1, 729, 709.46 6, 015, 000. 00----------- 72, 075. 59 In hand.-------.-..----.---__ . . ------ _ 220, 569. 56 ------- . --------------- 214, 602. 91 Total unexpended at end of month ...................... ............. 1,950. 279. 02 6,015,000. 00-----------286, 678. 50 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable ___..----. -----............. 147, 329. 53 _-------------------- 5, 080. 89 Amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts................................ ------------- 1,802, 949.49 122, 699, 917. 24.----------- 281, 597. 61 Total outstanding......-----------.... ------------- 1,950, 279.02 2, 699, 917. 24 ----------- 286,678.50 Balance available at end of month- .... --........... --............ 3,315, 082. 76 ------ ------------- Fitler, Miss . --------------------------------------------------- . $178, 489.77 Reid-Bedford, La._------------------------- ----------------- 213, 056.87 Plant ---......-------- ----- -- --- 2, 449, 762. 74 Riverton, Miss.. ------------------------------------------ 171, 886. 58 Cypress Bend, Ark....------------------------------ - ---- 355, 000. 00 Ashbrook Dike, Ark-....---- ----------------- -------------------- 250, 000. 00 Leland Dike, Ark __---------------------------- - ------ 115, 000. 00 West Pass levee dike, Louisiana and Mississippi-------....----........---------... 70, 000. 00 Revetment, barge line terminal at Vicksburg, Miss ------------------ 150, 000. 00 Pendleton, Ark ----------------------------- - ---- 80, 000. 00 Red Fork, Ark------------------------..---------- ---- 40, 000. 00 $9, 067, 698. 02 Dredging and miscellaneous (surveys, gages, and observations) ----------------------- _ 2, 230. 57 Levees, head of the passes to Rock Island, Ill.- Upper Tensas levee district, Louisiana and Arkansas-------------- 3, 870, 215. 77 Lower Yazoo levee district, Mississippi-....------------------------ 4, 133, 742. 28 8,003, 958.05 Total expended allotments--------.............------ ---------------------------- 17, 073,886.64 4 Allotted Sept. 28, 1929, Serial No. C-5445, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-303 and P-3241-66-49d. * Deposited by the Treasurer, United States, Certificate No. 5065 for $34 to reimburse United States of liquidated damages due under Crntract W-1107 Eng.-269, dated Mar. 30, 1928. 6 Includes $120,000 reallotted July 31, 1929, Serial No. C-5316V%ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-269 and P-3241- 66-33a, having been transferred from " Rights of way on Arkansas River, Ark.; " $790,500 allotted Nov. 12, 1929, Serial No. C-5525, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-336 and P-3241-166-18; $171,000 reallotted Jan. 25, 1930, Serial No. C-5681, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-399 and P-3241-187-2 having been transferred from "Levees, Boeuf Basin, La. and Ark.," in amount of $71,000 and from " Rights of Way, Boeuf Basin, La. and Ark.,' in amount of $100,000; and $13,000 reallotted Apr. 21, 1930, Serial No. C-5886, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-462 and P-3241-235-1, having been transferred fronm" Levees, south bank Arkansas River, Ark." MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2141 Consolidated statement of oo~dition of appropriations and allotments, under Missiasippi River Commission, June 30, 1930-Continued VICKSBURG ENGINEER DISTRICT--Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries (new project) Revetments Levees, south Levees, Boeuf Rights of bank Arkansas Basin, La. way on ActofMay ActofFeb River, Ark. and Ark. (act Riverkan,Ar. (act of May 28, of Feb. 28, (act Actof May Act of Feb. 1930) 1929) 28, 1929) 28 129 29, 1928 28, 1929 Amount expended on present proj- ect to end of last fiscal year-...... $124, 090. 28 $1, 346. 64 $2, 179, 200. 00 $41, 300.89 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year...--------------- 1, 400, 909. 72 248, 653. 36 ------------ 1, 458, 699. 11 Amount allotted present fiscal year_ 13$2, 000, 000. 00------ -------------------------- 14984, 306. 93 Amount to be accounted for - 2, 000,000. 00 1, 400, 909. 72 248, 653. 361-- --------- 2, 443, 006. 04 Deductions---------------.....................-- ei 1, 261, 500. 00 17 186, 847. 07 ------- Net amount to be accounted for.......................---- 2, 000, 000. 00 139, 409. 72 61, 806. 29--.......------.....-- 2, 443, 006. 04 Gross amount expended: Present, fiscal year prior to this monthi-....... ....--.----- 131, 941. 75 33, 947. 77------------ ........... 1, 865, Q38. 41 Present month---.--..-....--- 2,113. 68 2, 447. 90 ------------ 31, 251.03 s18 Total gross amount expend- ed this fiscal year-......... . 134, 055. 43 36, 395. 67 ---------- 10 1, 896, 889. 44 Less receipts from sales------------ - ---- 41, 861.01 Net expenditures this fiscal year..------- ---- -- /... ....- - 134, 055. 43 36, 395. 67 ------------ 1, 855, 028. 43 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury United States.--. 2, 000, 000. 00 1, 380. 12 13, 152. 93 ....------------- 197, 825. 40 In hand ---------------------- 3, 974. 17 12, 257. 69------------- 390,152. 21 Total unexpended at end of __ m onth...--------------- 2, 000, 000. 00 5, 354. 29 25, 410. 62 ------------ 587, 977. 61 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable_ _ . -------- 162. 97 922. 87------------- 12, 486. 63 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts_...................... 827, 885. 49 2, 561. 80 9, 926. 80_------------- 241, 041. 52 Total outstanding-........... 827, 885. 49 2, 724. 77 10, 849. 67 ------------ 253, 528. 15 Balance available at end of month_ 1,172, 114. 51 2, 629. 52 14, 560. 95_...... 334. 449. 46 A n , 1930, Serial-N~. -60-8 ED-7402-A (Miss-R ) and P-3304-48 . - 8 Includes $30,000 reallotted July 31, 1929, Serial No. C-53163, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-269 and P-3241-66.33a, having been transferred from allotment "Levees, south bank Arkansas River, Ark.;" $27,000 allotted Nov. 12, 1929, Serial No. C-5525, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-336 and P-3241-166-18; and $36,847.07 reallotted Jan. 25, 1929, Serial No. C-5681, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-399 and P-8241-187-2, having been transferred from "Rights of way, Arkansas River, Ark." O Revoked Dec. 31, 1929, Serial No. C-5609, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-386 and P-3241-166-18b and trans- ferred to "Revetments." 10oIncludes $27,000 revoked Dec. 31, 1929, Serial No. C-5609, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-386, and P-3241-166- 18b, and transferred to " Revetments"; and $13,000 revoked Apr. 21, 1930, Serial No. C-5886, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-462 and P-3241-235-1, and transferred to "Levees, Mississippi River, Miss., La., and Ark." 11Includes outstanding claims amounting to $83.83. 12 Includes $501,652.64 contracts in force covered by unappropriated funds. 18Allotted June 9, 1930, Serial No. C-6030, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) and P-3304-48-3c. 14 Includes $97,000 allotted and $69,806.93 reallotted Sept. 28, 1929, Serial No. C-5447, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-303 and P-3241-66.49e, the reallotment having been transferred from secretary, Mississippi River Commission office; $70,000 allotted and $30,000 reallotted Oct. 24, 1929, Serial No. C-5486, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-326 and P-3241-83-5, the reallotment having been transferred from " Mapping"; $300,000 allotted Nov. 12, 1929, Serial No. C-5525, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-336 and P-3241-166-18; and $417,500 reallotted Dec. 31 1929, Serial No. C-5609, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-386 and P-3241-166-18b, having been transferred from "Levees, Mississippi River, Miss., La., and Ark." in amount of $390,500 and from "Levees, south bank, Arkansas River, Ark." in amount of $27,000. 18 Includes $180,000 revoked Nov. 4, 1929, Serial No. C-5503, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-330 and P-3241-167-5; $1,010,500 revoked Nov. 12, 1929, Serial No. C-5522, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-336 and P-3241-166-15; and $71,000 revoked Jan. 25, 1930, Serial No. C-5681, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-399 and P-3241-187-2, and trans- ferred to "Levees, Mississippi River, Miss., La., and Ark." 2142 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Consolidated statement of ondition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississippi River Commission, June 30, 1980-Continued VICKSBURG EINGINEER DISTRICT--Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries (new project) I ------- Mapping Surveys, gages, and observations Revetments Act of May Act of Feb. Act of May Act of May Act of Feb. Act of May 28, 1930 28, 1929 28, 1930 29, 1928 28, 1929 28, 1930 I. I I- Amount expended on pres- ent project to end of last fiscal year................-------- $135, 018. 00. . ............. Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year-.......... -..-.-----.---- $60, 000. 00 ----------- 59, 982.00- Amount allotted present fis- .... cal year -------------- 15$1, 600, 000. 00o2025, 000. 0021 $75, 000.00 224, 000. 0023 $55, 200. 00 24$146, 000. 00 Amount to be account- ed for--............. 1,600, 000.00 85,000.00 75,000. 00 63, 982.00 55,200.00 146,000.00 Deductions...............-------------.. ..........--------------....560,000.00 -- --- Net amount to be ac- counted for_........ 1, 600,000. 00 25, 000. 00 75,000.00 63, 982.00 55, 200.00 146, 000.00 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month......... Present month.......... 15, 959. 60-----------........ 63, 982. 00 1, 647. 17.---------------------... 26, 628. 07-... - - 12, 799. 01 -----.-.-... Total gross amount ex- pended this fiscal year.. 17, 606. 77 .-------.........--- 63, 982. 00 39, 427, 08......... Less receipts from sales. .... Net expenditures this fiscal year-........... 17, 606. 77 ....--------- 63, 982. 00 39, 427. 08-... - Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury United States............. 1, 600, 000. 00 ......----------- 75, 000. 00----------- 19, 209. 72 146, 000. 00 In hand....... 7, 393. 23- - .-------------------- 3, 436.80 Total unexpended at end of month....... 1, 600, 000. 00 7, 393. 23 75, 000. 00 - .--- -_ - 15, 772. 92 146, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable... 1,020.00------------.. .. . ---------- 8, 951.08.......... Amount covered by uncom- pleted contracts......... .- _- - - - . .- 375.00 ........... Total outstanding -... 1,020.00 ..----------.----------- 9, 326. 08 __- Balance available at end of month ....................1, 600, 000. 00 6, 373. 23 75, 000. 00 6, 446. 84 146, 000. 00 15Allotted June 9, 1930, Serial No. C-6030, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) and P-3304-48-3c. 17Includes $150,000 revoked July 31, 1929, Serial No. C-5316Ys, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-269 and P-3241-66- 33a, of which $120,000 was transferred to "Levees, Mississippi River, Miss., La., and Ark"; $30,000 transferred to "Levees, South Bank Arkansas River, Ark."; and $36,847.07 revoked Jan. 25, 1930, Serial No. C-5681, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-399 and P-3241-187-2, and transferred to "Levees, South Bank Arkansas River, Ark." s1Includes Treasury settlements, Certificates No. 0230149 and No. 0229660 in amounts of $34 and $1,380, respectively. 10 Includes outstanding claims amounting to $279.76. 20Allotted Apr. 18, 1930, Serial No. C-5882, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-464 and P-3241-238-5. 21 Allotted June 12, 1930, Serial No. C-6053, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-494 and P-3304-65. 22 Reallotted Apr. 30, 1930, Serial No. C-5907, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-467 and P-3241-234-1, having been transferred 2 from " Contraction works." s Includes $20,000 reallotted Dec. 6, 1929, Serial No. C-5560, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-367 and P-3241-66-57, having been transferred from "Mapping"; $7,000 allotted Jan. 2, 1930, Serial No. C-5612, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-387 and P-3241-66-60a; $10,000 reallotted Jan. 7, 1930, Serial No. C-5621, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-394 and P-3241-66-62d, having been transferred from " Mapping "; $8,000 allotted Jan. 10, 1930, Serial No. C-5628, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-401 and P-3241-66-62i; $10,200 allotted Jan. 27, 1930, Serial No. C-5685, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-413 and P-3241-199-2. 24 Allotted June 12, 1930, Serial No. 6053, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-494 and P-3304-65. s Includes $30,000 revoked Oct. 24, 1929, Serial No. C-5486, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-326 and P-3241-83-5, and transferred to "Revetments"; $20,000 revoked Dec. 6, 1929, Serial No. C-5560, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)- 367 and P-3241-66-67, and transferred to ",Surveys, Gages, and Observations"; and $10,000 revoked Jan. 7, 1930, Serial No. C-5621, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-394 and P-3241-66-62d, and transferred to "Surveys, Gages, and Observations." MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2143 C(onsolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississippi River Commission, June 80, 1930-Continued VICKSBURG ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries-(New project) Levees (under section 6, Contraction works act of May 15, 1928) I Levee con- struction, Yazoo River in Atcbhafa- Farelly Lake levee laya drainage district and levee Act of May Act of May district (act of May Yazoo 29, 1928 28, 1930 and 29, 1928) Humphreys Counties, Miss. (act of Feb. 28, 1929) S- I Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year _ $30, 000. 00 _ - _- _ $50, 000. 00----------- Amount allotted present fiscal year _.____. f_.---..- 26$90, 000. 00 . .... .-. 27$50, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for___ 30, 000. 00 90, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 Deductions.. ------------ 28 4, 000.00 ---- Net amount to be accounted for -------- -_--- 30, 00 000. 000. 90, 00 46, 000. 00 000. 50, 00 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month .. _ - 29, 660. 95 -------------- 43, 349. 73 _ Present month_________ ______________ 339.05 -------------- 475. 10 _ 'Total gross amount expended this fiscal year - 000. 30, 00-------------- 83 43, 824. Net expenditures this fiscal year ______________ 30, 000. 00 - 43,824.83 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury, United States..... __________ 90, 000. 00 1. 30 50, 000. 00 In hand_. --- .-- - - -- - 2, 173. 87 Total unexpended at end of month-__ 90, 000. 00 2, 175. 17 50, 000. 00 Balance available at end of month........ 90, 000. 00 2, 175. 17 50, 000. 00 28Allotted Feb. 27, 1930, Serial No. C-5751, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-433 and P-3241-216-1. 27 Allotted June 12, 1930, Serial No. C-6053, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-494 and P-3304-65. 28Revoked Apr. 30, 1930, Serial No. C-5907, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-467 and P-3241-234-1, and transferred to "Surveys, Gages, and Observations." 11714-ENG 1930---135 2144 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Consolidated statement of condition of azppropriations and allotments, under Mississippi River Commission, June 80, 1980-Continued VICKSBURG ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries- (New project)-Continued Dredging surveys Construction of temporary Rights of way office build- Boeuf Basin, ing at Vicks- La. and Ark. burg, Miss. Total Act of May Act of May (act of Feb. (in Vicksburg 29, 1928 28, 1930 28, 1929) National Military Park) (act of Feb. 28, 1929) I------I------- Amount expended on present proj- ect to end of last fiscal year..__ $4,194, 090. 73 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year_- _ .-- - - - - $50, 000. 00 --------.-------------- _--------------_ 7, 827, 909. 27 Amount allotted present fiscal year ---------- 29 $50, 000. 00 o $100, 000. 00 31 $100, 000. 00 12, 482, 854. 00 Amount to be accounted for-..... 50, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 20, 310, 763. 27 ......-------------- Deductions--- ----.-------- __-------- 32 100, 000. 00 ...........- 2,042, 847.07 Net amount to be accounted for_- _ 50, 000.00 50, 000. 00 _ 100, 000. 00 18, 267, 916. 20 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month___ _ - .----49, 900. 83 -------------------------- 99, 726. 57 5, 007, 495. 38 Present month_------------ 99. 17 99. 17 -------------- 273. 43 397, 278. 74 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year __..----------- 50, 000. 00 99.17-100, 000. 00 5, 404, 774. 12 Less receipts from sales _.._ ... 43, 800.11 Net expenditures this fiscal year.__ 50, 000. 00 99. 17 ----- 100, 000. 00 5, 360, 974. 01 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury, United States--.... 50, 000. 00 ------------------------ 12, 059, 354. 52 In hand-....----- -99.17------------------------- 847, 587. 67 Total unexpended at end of month .-----.---------- 49, 900. 83 ,-.-- .---- 12, 906, 942. 19 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable.__ S175, 953. 97 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts __---_-----------____ --.-- - - - -- - - 5, 866, 254. 95 Total outstanding-....... --- - - - - - - ----- 6,042,208.92 Balance available at end of month. 49,900.83 ---- -------.... 6. 864. 733.27 29Allotted June 12, 1930, Serial No. C-6053, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-494 and P-3304-65. 80 Allotted Aug. 7, 1929, Serial No. C-5346, ED-7402 (Miss. R.-Boeuf River flood way)-44 and P-3241- 66-40. 81Allotted Jan. 4, 1930, Serial No. C-5618, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-396 and P-3241-166-26h. 82 Revoked Jan. 25, 1930, Serial No. C-5681, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.)-399 and P-3241-187-2, and trans- ferred to "Levees, Mississippi River, Miss., La., and Ark." MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2145 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississippi River Commission, June 80, 1980--Continued VICKSBURG ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Funds con- Funds con- tributed for Appropria- flood tributed for control, tion for gag- Mississippi improve- Expended ment of Mis- contributed ing waters of River, its sissippi River funds (flood the Missis- outlets and in Louisiana control sippi River tributaries (special fund) Mississippi and its fifth River) tributaries Farelly fund) (special Lake Louisiana levee district levee district i Amount expended on previous project._____ 33$6, 054, 329. 85 Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year--------------------------- $1, 100.00 - Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year-- $15, 000. 00 .------------. $13,292. 00 ---------------......... Amount allotted present fiscal year---------- 382, 720.00 - .......--........--- Amount to be accounted for---------- 2, 720. 00 15, 000. 00 13, 292. 00 ... Net amount to be accounted for---........ 2, 720. 00 15, 000.00 13, 292. 00......... Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month.... 2, 407. 95 14, 869. 62 13, 292. 00 .............. Present month.-------------------------- 312.05 130.38 ..----------------------- Total gross amount expended this fiscal year.. 2, 720.00 15, 000. 00 13, 292. 0 _------------- Net expenditures this fiscal year-....... 2, 720. 00 15, 000.00 .. 13,292.00 _ _-_.-....- Expended contributed funds (im- Expended provement of Grand total appropriations Mississippi River) Amount expended on previous project__------ 34$215, 500. 00 a3$42, 997, 373. 44 $66, 711, 680. 75 Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year ------ --------------------------------- ---------------- ------------------ 6, 235, 538. 25 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year.------ ---.....----- ------- -- ---- - 7,869, 762. 93, Amount allotted present fiscal year ----------------- ...............- ................... 12, 493, 767. 07 Amount to be accounted for ..-- ------- ----------- ................... 20, 363, 530. 0( ...............- Deductions.... ....-- ....--..-.-... --------- __ 2, 042, 847.07 Net amount to be accounted for------------...---.... ...-------------------------------- 18, 320, 682.93 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month..-...- ----------------------------------. 5,053, 290. 21 Present m onth .................................. ................---------------------------------- 398, 787. 62 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year-. - 5, 452, 077. 83 Less receipts from sales -..- .. _.._....... ._ . _ ..... .._-----_ ---............------- .. 43, 800.11 Net expenditures this fiscal year---------.. . ------- -.----- --- --- 5, 408, 277. 72 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury, United States.------------ --------- ----------------.------------------ 12, 059, 388. 52 In hand - --- .--- - - - - - -- -- - -- - ----------------.----------------- 853, 016. 69 Total unexpended at end of month.------------ -------------- -------- ---- 12, 912, 405. 21 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable - ------- --- --- --- --- --- --- -- 181, 416. 99 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts ......... 5, 866, 254. 95. Total outstanding-------------------......, . . . - ---- ---------- - 6,047,671.94 Balance available at end of month------------------- ---------------------------------- 6, 864, 733. 27. 33Expended contributed funds (flood control, Mississippi River): Contributed for levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill.- Upper Tensas levee district- Fifth Louisiana levee district_-___-------.......-___ -... $1, 280, 595.55 Southeast Arkansas levee district_---... ___-___.......... 850, 470. 87 Tensas Basin levee district-..--- ----------------------------- 768, 804. 21 Lower Yazoo levee district-$2,899,870.63 Mississippi Levee Commissioners--__________ ___ ___ 2, 974, 659.59 Yazoo-Mississippi Delta levee district (Brunswick extension).... 179, 799. 63 3, 154, 459. 22" Total expended funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River....... 6,054,329.85 2146 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 (Footnotes continued) t Expended contributed funds (improvement Mississippi River): Greenville, Miss. (revetment)- Contributed by city of Greenville, Miss_--------------------__ -- $13, 000.00 Contributed by Mississippi levee commissioners ------------------ 22, 500.00 $35,500. 00 Contributed by Mississippi levee commissioners for revetment as fol- lows- Riverton, Valewood and Cottonwood, Miss., in fiscal year, 1922...... 100, 000. 00 Greenville, Valewood, and Cottonwood, Miss., in fiscal year 1924 .... 25, 000. 00 125, 000. 00 Contributed for improvement of Mississippi River at Goodrich, La. (special fund)- ..... 55, 000.00 Total expended contributed funds for improvement of Mississippi River ----.. 215, 500. 00 a Expended appropriations: Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and Sacramento River, Calif.- Surveys, gages, and observations_ --------------------------- $5, 000.00 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill.- Lower Yazoo levee district _____________ __ $2, 665, 995. 01 Upper Tensas levee district_________- _____--- 2, 171, 226. 41 4d 837 991 42' Revetment and contraction works, etc.- Riverton, Miss----- ----- 493, 768.52 Lake Bolivar, Miss 192, 621.53 Arkansas City, Ark --------------------- 141, 363.78 Ashbrook Neck, Miss 371, 693. 00 Ashbrook Dike, Miss. 30, 464.18 Panther Forest, Ark-_ -- 282, 225. 58 Leland Neck, Ark . . 7, 780. 24 G reenville, M iss... ............................... 117, 557.07 Vaucluse, Ark__ ------------------------- 8, 482. 67 Princeton, Miss__ 349, 180.30 Valewood, Miss ................................... 352, 217.39 Fitler, Miss-,- 193,554.36 Cottonwood, Miss _-- --- 485, 347. 85 Reid-Bedford Bend, La------------- 54, 060. 95 Red Fork, Ark - - __ 25. 67 Stone -------- - - - - - - - 28, 520. 88 Grand Lake, Ark_ ------------ 244, 856. 48 Revetment opposite Delta Point, La--------- 250, 748.59 Delta Point, La -........- -- 1, 873.97 3, 606, 343.01 Plant and miscellaneous- P lant .. . .. . .. . .._._ .. .... .... ....--- . 1, 207, 107. 46 Improving harbors and tributaries- Vicksburg, Miss -------------------------------- ----------- 6, 907. 42 $9. 662. 579. 31 Appropriation for Mississippi River: Surveys, gages and observations (Surveys, third district)......__ .----------------- 156, 456. 53 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill.- Upper Tensas levee district__ -------------- 7, 283, 896. 49 Beulah crevasse-- ------ ------- --- 550, 000.00 Arkansas River levees-------------------------- 50, 000.00 Lower Yazoo levee district--------------------- 5. 878, 715. 81 13, 762, 612. 30 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improvement, and protection- Longwood, Miss_ ----- ------------------------ 157, 010. 28 Lake Providence reach ----------------------- 3, 936, 957. 46 Stone..............-------------------------------------- 513,595.53 Vaucluse, Ark ------------------------------- 155, 027. 13 Leland Neck, Ark --------------------------- 198, 850. 72 Albemarle Bend_____-- ------- __ ___- ------ 594, 826.49 Grand Lalfe, Ark_ _- -----..------- ____ - - 159, 456.47 Greenville, Miss__--- --------- _____ - ------- - 881.91 Delta Point, La--------------------------------- 68, 917. 06 Filter Bend, Miss----------------------------- 448, 678. 70 Ashbrook Neck, Miss ---------------------------- 842, 769.70 Panther Forest, Ark __--------------------------- 350, 807. 20 Cottonwood, Miss ---------------------------- 225, 581.41 Reid-Bedford Bend, La------------------------- 380, 074.04 Red Fork, Ark_.______________----. --- - 89, 465.16 Lake Bolivar Front, Miss ______ ___----------- 395, 249. 60 Ashbrook Dike, Miss-------------------------- 242, 800.00 8I,I760,948. 86 Plant and miscellaneous- Plant ...................................-------------------------------------- --------....... 2, 633, 747. 53 Improving harbors and tributaries except Vicksburg Harbor- Greenville, Miss_--- ---------------------------. . $1,289,801.88 Delta Point, La.. ------------------------------- 46, 000. 00 1,335,801. 88 Improving Vicksburg Harbor- Vicksburg, Miss---------- .................... -------------- 542, 724. 77 Delta Point, La...........------------------------------ 140, 256. 21 682, 980. 98 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2147 (Footnote 35 continued) Examination of lands subject to overflow, east bank of Mississippi River- Survey east bank Mississippi River, Brunswick to Warrenton, Miss-----_ --------------- ---------------------------- $6,936. 59 $27, 339, 484. 67 Appropriation for maintaining and protecting levees of the Mississippi River and tributaries against floods- Protection of levees, third district__-______ _ _- _______ ___-- 170, 618. 52 Protection of levees, Red River and tributaries--------------------- 5, 729. 35 176, 347. 87 Appropriation for examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors- Canal leading from Centennial Lake at Vicksburg, Miss., to the Mis- sissippi River ---------------------------------------- --- 2, 000. 00 Surveys, Vicksburg Harbor and Yazoo Canal, harbor division-------- 1, 000. 00 3, 000. 00, Appropriation for claims for damages by collision, river and harbor works- S. C. Ragan & Co., May, 1914___ ___________ - ___________ -___ 11.90 Miller Engineering Co., September, 1916____________________________ 47. 98 59. 88 Appropriation for maintenance and improvement of existing river and har- bor works, act of Mar. 4, 1915- Surveys, third district______________________________ 10, 000. 00 Upper Tensas levee district_ ----------------------------------- 201, 300. 00 Lower Yazoo levee district ____________- -_________ 191, 301. -_____ 00 Ashbrook Neck, Miss ___________________ -_______ __ 75, 000. -______ 00 Greenville, Miss__________________________________________________ 110, 969. 50 Fitler Bend, Miss _________.______ ___----------------_____ 75, 740. 55 Panther Forest, Ark__ _____________ _________________ - 120, 006. 50 Lake Bolivar, Miss-______ __________ ______________ _______ 70, 000. 00 Stone, third district_______________-____________ 1, 538. 03 Grand Lake, Ark_____________ ____ __ ------------------- ______ 60, 038. 20 Plant__ ---------------------------- ------------------------ 182, 378. 41 Ashbrook Dike, Miss_______ __- -____-__-_________-______26, 288. 88 Experimental revetment_ - -__-____- -_____ --- ____--- ____ 8, 000. 00 Vaucluse, Ark _-------------- 6, 795. 50 1, 139, 356. 57 Appropriation for modifications and readjustments of contracts, act of July 18, 1918 (in upper Tensas levee district) ______ ________ ___________ ______________ 25, 000. 00 Appropriation for additional payment to Walter H. Denison on contract, act Mar. 2, 1919 (in lower Yazoo levee district)_______ 18, 000. 00 Appropriation for increase of compensation, rivers and harbors- Fiscalyear 1918 _ -------------- $5, 073. 83 Fiscal year 1919 --------------------------------------------- 5, 257. 69 Fiscal year 1920---------------24, 417. 67 Fiscalyear 1921 --------------------------------------------- 25,309. 77 Fiscalyear 1922 --------------------------------------------- 30, 923. 60 90, 982. 56 Appropriation for increase of compensation, War Department, fiscal year 1923 ....----- 34, 562. 19 Appropriation for emergency flood control, Mississippi River, act of Apr. 21, 1922- Upper Tensas levee district_______ __ ___________ ___________ $207, 568.16 Lower Yazoo levee district ....- ______ _ _------------___ _- 181, 236. 24 388, 804. 40 Appropriation for maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, act of Oct. 2, 1914- Upper Tensas levee district_______ ___-_____-________ 400, 000. 15 Lower Yazoo levee district_______________--___ ______ _ 372, 000. 00 Greenville, Miss.................----------------------------------- --------- 81, 664. 60 Surveys, third district.....---------------------------------------- 2, 000. 00 Fitler Bend, Miss...........................-------------------------------------------12, 079.21 Delta Point, La ...--------------------------------------------- 1, 431. 17 Reid-Bedford Bend, La___________ _______.._._-- -- -- __ --- 705. 71 Ashbrook Neck, Miss..-___.......................---------------------------------- 643. 07 Panther Forest, Ark_ _--------------______----------- - 44, 624. 50 Albermarle Bend, Miss .____-____.. ...... ___.. ____....__.. __.. ____ 4, 105. 47 Lake Bolivar Front, Miss_______- - _________ --- -- ________ ___ 7, 438. 43 Vaucluse, Ark------.......----------- --------------------------------- 7, 699. 37 Stone--- ------------------------------ -_ ---------------------- 19, 623.87 Grand Lake, Ark--.------------------------------------------- 80, 000.00 Plant, third district___...__..... .................. _........ _ 50, 000. 00 1, 084, 015. 55 Appropriation for emergency flood control, Mississippi River, deficiency act of Dec. 22, 1927- Upper Tensas levee district__--------------- ........... _ - 558, 489. 00 Lower Yazoo levee district---------. ............--------------------------.. ......... 516,780. 34 Levees, general repairs and restoration- Farelly Lake levee district, north bank Arkansas -------------------------------- River, Ark..... $65, 000.00 Atchafalaya drainage and levee district, Yazoo River, Miss....--------------------------------- 7, 000.00 Eden drainage district, Yazoo River, Miss.......---------. 7, 000.00 Rocky Bayou levee and drainage district, Yazoo River, Miss____-------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 Brunswick protection levee, left bank Mississippi --------------------------------- River, Miss.......... 10, 000. 00 S 99, 000. 00 2148 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 (Footnote 35 continued) Riverton, Miss.--............-------------------------------------- $50, 000. 00 Grand Lake, Ark __----------- -------------------------------- 105,000.00 Valewood, Miss--------------------------------------------- 50, 000. 00 Duckport, La..............---------------------------------------------- 180, 000.00 Plant ---------------- ----------------------------------------- 40, 000. 00 - $1,599,269.34 Appropriation for rebuilding levees of the Mississippi River and tribu- taries damaged by floods- Upper Tensas levee district__ ----------------------------------- 417, 988. 03 Lower Yazoo levee district ------------------------------------ 210, 000.00 Red River levees__--------------------------------------------- 8, 256. 56 -- 636, 244. 59 Appropriation for readjustment of contracts, act Mar. 1, 1921 (lower Yazoo levee district) - 35, 440. 94 Appropriation for improving Yazoo River and tributaries, Mississippi_--_-- ___ ...- -4, 442. 29 Appropriation for flood relief, Mississippi River, act of Mar. 23, 1928. (Refund of the expended portion of funds on ac- count of the flood of 1927, contributed for flood control, Mis- sissippi River, by the following local levee districts)- Upper Tensas levee district (levees)- Fifth Louisiana levee district.......------------------- $136, 940. 75 Southeast Arkansas levee district...............-----------------. 133, 153.96 Tensas Basin levee district___ ---------------------- 133, 153. 96 Trench Town levee district........----------------------- 2, 500. 00 Linwood-Auburn levee district.....--------------------- 834. 00 $406, 582. 67 Lower Yazoo levee district (levees)- Mississippi Levee Commissioners............----------------- 320, 600. 72 Yazoo-Mississippi delta levee district--------------.............. 15, 599. 89 336, 200. 61 General repairs and restoration (levees)- Rocky Bayou levee drainage district (Yazoo River, Miss.) 5, 000. 00 __ __-------------------------------------- Atchafalaya drainage and levee district (Yazoo River, Miss.) -------------------------------- 3, 500.00 Eden drainage district (Yazoo River, Miss.)....... 3, 500. 00 Brunswick Protection Levee Association (left bank Mississippi River) 000. 00 __----------------------------_5, 17, 000. 00 759, 783. 28 Total expended appropriations....-------- -- -- --------------------- 42,997, 373. 44 36Includes $2,570 allotted June 7, 1929, Serial No. C-5214, ED-3063 (M. R. C. Sec.) -21 and P-3286-2-5, and $150 allotted Oct. 15, 1929, Serial No. C-5492, ED-3063 (Miss. R. Com. Pres.)-25 and P-3286-6-1. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2149 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississippi River Commission, June 30, 1930-Continued SECOND NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries-New project South bank South bank South bank bank Red South Red right Atchafalaya Atchafalaya Red (levee) Red (levee) right of of ways River River (act Feb. 28, (act May 28, ways (levee) (act levees (act levees (act 1929) 1930) (levee) May 28, Feb. 28, May 28, (act Feb. 1930) 1929) 1930) 28, 1929) I I~ Amount expended on pres- ent project to end of last fiscal year-------- 37$33, 293. 93 .__________ 37 $198, 115. 22 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year........_- 216, 706. 07- _-------... $10,000. 00 ------------ 260, 884. 78.........---- Amount allotted present fis- cal year.---_--- -------- ---------- 38$200, 000. 00 ........... 38$20, 000. 00 3 47, 000. 00 38$250,000. 00 Amount to be ac- counted for ........ 216, 706. 07 200, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 20, 000. 00 307, 884. 78 250, 000. 00 Deductions.. __ 4o 47, 000.00 - Net amount to be ac- counted for.......... 216, 706. 07 200, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 20, 000. 00 260,884. 78 250, 000. 00 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month. ......-. 18, 988. 69 --- ___--- 860.12.........------------ 183, 711. 31---------........... Present month___-_ . _-_ 443. 26- -------.-- 1, 464. 95 ..-----------......... 3, 546. 33---------........... Total gross amount expended this fiscal year__------- --- __ 19, 431. 95- _---------- 2, 325. 07------------ 187, 257. 64--...---....--... Net expenditures this fiscal year.... - - - - - - - 4119, 431. 95- ---------- 2, 325. 07_---------- _ 42 187, 257. 64---------... --- Balance unexpended at end of month: In- Treasury, United States ___..... ...... 150, 000. 00 200, 000. 00 5, 000. 00 20, 000. 00 30, 000. 00 250, 000. 00 In hand ............... 47, 274. 12 ________- 2, 674. 93------------ 43, 627. 14 ........... Total unexpended at end of month....... 197, 274. 12 200, 000. 00 7, 674. 93 20, 000. 00 73, 627. 14 250, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less ac- counts receivable-..-..... 135. 90------------- 5,625.52 .-----------....... 55------------ 263. Amount covered by uncom- pleted contracts ____....-- 177, 489. 58 ___ __-- - 850. 00 ..-----------.. 523. 75 ....------ 49, .. Total outstanding._... 177, 625. 48------------- 6,475. 52------------ 49, 787. 30 ........... Balance available at end of month....... 19, 648. 64 200, 000.00 1, 199. 411 20, 000. OC 23,839. 841 250,000. 00 I I I 37 Expenditures under deficiency act of May 29, 1928. Allotted June 12, 1930, Serial No. C-6054, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 494 and P-3304-66. 38s 39Reallotted Jan. 17, 1930, Serial No. C-5665, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 406 and P-3241-66-59b, having been transferred from allotment for " Mississippi levees." 40Revoked Dec. 19, 1929, Serial No. C-5578, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 305 and P-3241-66-59; and reallotted to allotment for "Mississippi levees." 41 Includes $16,706.07 expended under deficiency act of May 29, 1928, and $2,725.88 expended under act of Feb. 29, 1929. 42 Includes $42,884.78 expended under deficiency act of May 29, 1928, and $144,372.86 expended under act of Feb. 28, 1929. 2150 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, andr Mississippi River Comission, June 30, 1930---Continued SECOND NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and tribu- taries-New project Atchafalaya East Atch- West Atcha- West Atcha- Right of River right afalaya Ba- falaya Basin falaya Basin of ways sin protec- protection protection ways protec- (levees) (act tion levee levee (act levee ion Feb. (act (act lveeat levees Feb. 28, (act Feb. Feb. 28, May 28, 28, 1929) 1929) 28 1929) 1929) 1930) Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year.... $32, 000. 00 $359, 500. 00 $1, 600, 000. 00 $140, 000. 00 Amount allotted present fiscal year .... ----------- 38$400, 000. 00 4310, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for......32, 000. 00 359, 500. 00 1, 600, 000. 00 400, 000. 00 150, 000. 00' Deductions ....................... 44259, 500. 00 44980, 500. 00.....------------ .....------------ 4410, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for - 32, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 619, 500. 00 400, 000. 00 140, 000. 00 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month.__ 231. 09 80, 980. 57 324, 910. 32 ------------- 121, 570. 09 Present month.... 43. 70 413. 94 16, 386. 13------------- 8, 326. 53 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year....... . ..--- - -- - - 274. 79 81, 394. 51 341, 296. 45 ------------- 129, 896. 62' Net expenditures this fiscal year..-... 274. 79 81, 394. 51 341, 296. 45 ------------ _ 129, 896. 62 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury, United States......-.22, 000. 00 ....------------ 254, 500. 00 400, 000. 00 ...-----.. Inhand .------------------------- 9, 725. 21 18, 605. 49 23, 703. 55------------- 10, 103. 38 Total unexpended at end of month. ....... ..-- .- 31, 725. 21 18, 605. 49 278, 203. 55 400, 000. 00 10, 103. 38 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable---___ __ __ 29, 850. 21 623. 28 1, 091. 91 ------------- 2, 723. 38 Amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts--------------........................... 1,875.00 .--- _------- 178,405.60 ------------- 7,380.00 Total outstanding-------_. -- 31, 725. 21 623. 28 179, 497. 51-------------- 10, 103. 38 Balance available at end of month__ _--------- 17, 982. 21 98, 706. 04 400, 000. 00......... 38 .1Allotted June 12, 1930, Serial No. C-6054, ED-7402=A (Miss. R.) 494 and P-3304-66. Allotted Feb. 19, 1930, Serial No. C-5724, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 426 and P-3241-213.1. 44Revoked Nov. 12, 1929, Serial No. C-5523, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 336 and P-3241-166-16. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2151 ,Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississippi River Comtmission, June 30, 1930-Continued SECOND NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries- New project Mississippi levees Mississippi Mississippi Revetments Revetments (deficiency levees (act leeves (act (deficiency (actFeb.28, act May Feb. 28, 1929) May 28, 1930) act1928)9, 128) 1929) 29, 1928) Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year-....------------------ $654, 980. 95 i I-------------..------------. $1, '19, 395. 80 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year---------------- 554, 019. 05 $1, 800, 000. 00 --------------- 280, 604. 20 $1, 567, 799. 72 Amount allotted present fiscal year....------------------- ----------- -- 451, 182, 500. 00 48$4, 170, 000. 00 ------------- _ 47260, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-.....--------------- 554, 019. 05 2, 982, 500. 00 4, 170, 000. 00 280, 604. 20 1, 827, 799. 72 Deductions ... __ .......... ... ..... 48188, 253. 65 ---------------------------- 4924, 000. 00 Net amount to be ac- counted for----------- 554, 019. 05 2, 794, 246. 35 4, 170, 000. 00 280, 604. 20 1, 803, 799. 72 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month_.....____.____ 554, 019. 05 1, 532, 156. 23 -------------- 280, 604. 20 1, 705, 619. 69 Present month___ 218, 080. 39 --------------- 50o --......------- 1 12, 822. 63 Total gross amount ex- pended this fiscal year-_ 554, 019. 05 1, 750, 236. 62 - 280, 604. 20 521, 718, 442. 32 Less receipts from sales........ ................ _ _ ..... .... . . .. ... 4, 938.51 Net expenditures this fiscal year_--___------- 554, 019. 05 1, 750, 236. 62 - _280, 604. 20 1, 713, 503. 81 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury, United States_ ....-------- 863, 542. 93 4, 170, 000. 00 16, 432. 98 In hand-.---- __--- 180, 466. 80- ------------------------- 73, 862. 93 Total unexpended at end of month____ _ ___ 1, 044, 009. 73 4, 170, 000. 00 --------- - 90, 295. 91 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receiv- able ....--- -- - ---------- 11, 477. 03 .........-------------- .......-------------- 65, 809. 47 Amount covered by uncom- pleted contracts_------------- 1, 032, 532. 70 3, 146, 416. 21_----- 24,486. 44 Total outstanding .. .... _ .... 1. 044, 009. 73 .... 3, 146, 416. 21------------ 90, 295. 91 Balance available at end of month.............. ..... ...... .... 1,023, 583.79 .... --- ----. - --- --. ------------ , 45Includes $253,000 allotted Sept. 28, 1929, Serial No. C-5448, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 303 and P-3241-66-49f; $70,500 allotted Oct. 21, 1929, Serial No. C-5480, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 320 and P-3241-66-51; $788.000 allotted Nov. 12, 1929, Serial No. C-5526, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 336 and P-3241-166-19; and $71,000 real- lotted Dec. 19, 1929, Serial No. C-5578, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 305 and P-3241-66-59, having been trans- ferred from allotment for "Revetments," ($24,000) and allotment for "Atchafalaya River levees" ($47,000). 48Allotted June 9, 1930, Serial No. C-6029, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) and P-3304-48-4c. 47Allotted Nov. 12, 1929, Serial No. C-5526, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 336 and P-3241-166-19. 48 Includes $47,000 revoked Jan. 17, 1930, Serial No. C-5665, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 406 and P-3241-66-59b- reallotted to allotment for "Atchafalaya River levees"; and $141,253.65 revoked Mar. 6, 1930, Serial No. 0-5765, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 436 and P-3241-219-1-reallotted to allotment for "Surveys, Gages, and Observations." 4oRevoked Dec. 19, 1929, Serial No. C-5578, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 305 and P-3241-66-59; and reallotted to allotment for "Mississippi levees." a Includes Treasury settlement No. 0231236 for $890. 61 Includes Treasury settlement No. 0230593 for $14.85. Current month expenditures decreased 65 cents by check No. 61535 being canceled by G. A. O. and credited to the appropriation. 52 Includes outstanding claim for reimbursement amounting to $267,587.47 (transfer of steamer Missis- -sippito the Vicksburg engineer district). 2152 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Consolidated statement of condition of appropr iations and allotments, under Missisippi River Commission, June 30, 1930--Continued SECOND NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries- New project Construction Revetments Construction Mapping Mapping R tMet Bonnet Carre Bonnet Carre (act Feb. (act May 193(actM0)y (act Feb. 28, (act May 28, 28, 1929) 28, 1930) 1929) 1930) Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year...... .... .... ----------------- $2,0 0-068,000.00 o ---- -- $60, 000. 00 ---------- Amount allotted present fiscal year----------------------- 46 $1, 500, 000. 00 531,032,000.00 46$2, 274, 000. 00 5425. 000. 00 55 $75, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for_-------------------- 1. 500, 000. 00 3, 100, 000. 00 2, 274, 000. 00 85, 000. 00 75, 000. 00 Deductions .. ______ -5660,000. 00- - Net amount to be ac- counted for._.... ... ... 1, 500, 000. 00 3, 100, 000. 00 2, 274, 000. 00 25, 000. 00 75, 000. 00 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month_-__...--__ ----- 2,014,160.94 2.423. 53 .---------------- Present month .... _ ____ 416,621.97 ---------------- 892. 70 Total gross amount ex- pended this fiscal year___ 2, 430, 782. 91 13, 316. 23 -........... Net expenditures this fiscal year_ _ .. ---------------- 2,430,782.91---------------13, 316. 23. Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury, United States__ 1, 500, 000. 00 400, 114. 90 2, 224, 000. 00 - - 75, 000. 00 In hand__---------_-__-- .. _ 269, 102. 19 - _-__ - _ 11, 683. 77 Total unexpended at end of month_ -- . .---- 1, 500, 000. 00 669, 217. 09 2, 274, 000. 00 11, 683. 77 75, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable_ 2, 584.75 --------------- 742. 99 Amount covered by uncom- pleted contracts_--------.- 67, 376. 79 666, 632. 34 2, 144, 182. 56 Total outstanding ..... 67, 376. 79 669, 217. 09 2, 144, 182. 56 742. 99 Balance available at end of month..... .--- 1, 432, 623. 21 .__________ ) 129, 817.44 1 10,940.78 75, 000.00 38 4 6 Allotted June 9, 1930, Serial No. C-6029, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) and P-3304-48-4c. Allotted Aug. 6, 1929, Serial No. C-5335, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 285 and P-3241-65-38. " Allotted Apr. 18, 1930, Serial No. C-5883, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 464 and P-3241-238-6. aaAllotted June 12, 1930, Serial No. C-6054, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 494 and P-3304-66. 5 Revoked Jan. 2, 1930, Serial No. C-5611, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 388 and P-3241-66--61a; and reallotted to allotment for "Surveys, Gages, and Observations." MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2153 Consolidated statement of oondition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississippi River Commission, June 30, 1930--Continued SECOND NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries-New project Surveys Surveys Surveys gages, and gages, and gages, and observations observations observations Total (deficiency (act Feb. 28, (act May 28, act 1929) 1930) May 29, 1928) Amount expended on present project to end of . . ._ . . . . . . . last fiscal year _______________-_ $252,104 63 ___- $2,857,890.53 ______________ Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year._ 17, 895. 37 $55, 000.00 - 9, 022, 409. 19 Amount allotted present fiscal year .__ --- 57201, 253. 65 58$83, 000. 00 11, 729, 753. 65 Amount to be accounted for____ 17, 895. 37 256, 253. 65 83, 000. 00 20, 752,162. 84 Deductions .. ------------------- ---------... .. .------------------------------------- 1, 569, 253. 65 Net amount to be accounted for -_-. 17, 895. 37 256, 253. 65 83, 000. 00 19,182, 909. 19 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month .... 17, 895. 37 233, 259. 55 - 7, 081, 390. 75 Present month ........ ______________-__-__ .18, 099. 59 697, 142. 12 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year .___.._- - - - - .- 17, 895. 37 251, 359. 14 -------------. 597, 778, 532. 87 Less receipts from sales____________________ ---- 4, 938. 51 Net expenditures this fiscal year ._.. 17, 895. 37 251, 359. 14 7, 773, 594. 36 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury, United States_________________ - -- - - _ _ 83, 000. 00 10, 713, 590. 81 In hand _ _ -__ -- -___ - 4, 894. 51 695, 724. 02 Total unexpended at end of month...___ - 4, 894. 51 83, 000. 00 11, 409, 314. 83 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable__ _________ 4, 361. 31 125, 289. 30 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ - ----- 4- 7, 497, 150. 97 Total outstanding__________________ -------------- 4,361.31 - - - 7, 622,440.27 Balance available at end of month__--- 532. 20 83, 000. 00 3, 786, 874. 56 57Includes $60,000 reallotted Jan. 2, 1930, Serial No. C-5611, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 388 and P-3241-66- 61a, having been transferred from allotment for "Mapping"; and $141,253.65 reallotted Mar. 6, 1930, Serial No. C-5765, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 436 and P-3241-219-1, having been transferred from allotment for "Mississippi levees." 58 Allotted June 12, 1930, Serial No. C-6054, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 494 and P-3304-66. 59 Includes outstanding claims for reimbursement amounting to $267,587.47 (transfer of steamer Mississippi to the Vicksburg engineer district). 2154 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississilppi River Commission, June 30, 1930--Continued- SECOND NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT-Continued Appropria- tion for Appropria- emergency tion for Appropria- Gaging improving flood control Mississippi tion for waters of the Mississippi River [act of removing Mississippi River [act of sunken River and its Apr. 21, 1922] July 27, 1916] vessels, etc. (revetments) tributaries (levees) Amount expended on previous project ---- .. -- - - $9, 500. 00 - Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year.... . .. _._._ ........... 1,110. 40 $5, 300. 00 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year___ -_- .....-.. - 16, 807. 55 A m oun t all ott ed p res e n t fi sc al year . . . . .. . . . . . . - -so- 60 3, 730. 00 Amount to be accounted for............. 2....- 16, 807. 55 3, 730. 00 Deductions_--- ----------------- ________ 61 $13. 50 82$16. 35 63 4, 430. 74 Net amount to be accounted for......... -13. 50 -16. 35 12, 376. 81 3, 730. 00 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month... - -13. 50 -16. 35 12, 376. 81 3, 312. 61 Present m onth ...................- .. -.-.. . ..-- 417.39 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year _...-- - - - - - ___ __- - -_-_-- - 64 -13. 50 64 -16. 35 64 12, 376. 81 64 3, 730. 00 Net expenditures this fiscal year--- ..... -13. 50 -16. 35 12, 376. 81 3, 730.00 so Allotted June 7, 1929, Serial No. C-5215, ED-3063 (Mississippi River Commission Secretary) 21 and P-3286-2.7, act June 13, 1902. Approved by Secretary of War June 5, 1929. 61Amount resulting from canceled checks credited to appropriation in July, 1924, but not taken up was revoked and carried to surplus fund as of June 30, 1929. As the transaction was not previously recorded on financial statement, it is here shown in order to have it of record and to correct expenditures previously reported. See ED-3097-11 and P-3264-21. 62 Amount resulting from canceled checks credited to appropriation in Nov., 1917, but not taken up was revoked and carried to surplus fund as of June 30, 1929. As the transaction was not previously recorded on financial statement, it is here shown in order to have it of record and to correct expenditures previously reported. See ED-3097-11 and P-3264-21. 83Revoked May 17, 1930, Serial No. C-5941, ED-7120 (Nokomis) 14, act of Mar. 3, 1899. 64 Includes outstanding claims for reimbursement amounting to $0. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2155 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississippi River Commission, June 30, 1930-Continued SECOND NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River Old project. New project Right of Lower Ten- Construc- ways, sas levee dis- Expended Mississippi Revetments tion flowage, trict levees xpallotmendedts Mar. (act Bonnet and dam- Mar. (act 23, allotments 23, (act Mar. Carre ages Bon- Mar. 23, 23, 1928) 1928) 1928) (act Mar. net Carre 23, 1928) (act Mar. 23, 1928) Amount expended on pre- vious project.. _____- ____ $1, 801, 923. 72 65 $9, 482, 118. 25 Amount expended on pres- ent project to end of last fiscal year.-------------- ------ j -------------- $1, 145, 563. 601$2, 439, 603. 57 $192, 241. 261$23, 601. 20 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year ........ 145, 494. 56- ---- 1, 387. 24 2, 823. 48 107, 758. 74376, 398. 80 Amount allotted present fiscal year ________________ _-_-- s6.75 __.... Amount to be ac- counted for 145, 494. 56 - - 1, 387. 24 2, 823. 48 107, 759.49 376, 398. 80 Net amount to be ac- counted for ....... 145, 494. 56-- 1, 387. 24 2, 823. 48 107, 759. 49 376, 398. 80 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month _______ 103, 339. 61 ---------------- 355. 11 2, 213. 32 103, 953. 40 20, 040. 19 Present month ... -. __ 99. 75 1, 032. 13 123. 27 3, 806.09 1, 076. 68 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year -- ----- _ 109, 439. 36 1, 387. 24 2, 336.59 107, 759.49 21, 116. 87 Net expenditures this fiscal year _-_ _____. 109, 439. 36 1, 387. 24 2, 336. 59 107, 759. 49 21, 116. 87 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury, United States S---------------------------486.89----------48,704.57 In hand _____.. .. . .. .. . 36, 035. 20 . 306, 577.36 Total unexpended at end of month- _ 36, 055.20-------------- ------------- 486.89--------- 355, 281. 93 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less ac- counts receivable -----.. --- 486.89------------ 69.12 Amount covered by uncom- pleted contracts__ .-- 36,055. 20-- ---------------------------------------------- Total outstanding .- 36, 055. 20--------------- --- ---------- 486.89 ----------- 69.12 Balance available at end of month- - - -- __1.........355, 212.81 s6 Expended allotments (flood control, Mississippi River)--old project: Dredging and miscellaneous (surveys, gages, and observa- tions)---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $3,291.55 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill.- Surveys...____________...----------------------------------------. $6,000.00 Lake Palmyra surveys------------- - _ 2, 736.46 General repairs and restoration- Lower Tensas levee district--- ...------------ $50, 761. 59 Atchafalaya levee district (front)------------ 8, 209. 54 Saline levee and drainage district----------- . 34, 628. 87 93, 600. 00 Red River, Atchafalaya and Bayou Boeuf levee districts. 198, 141. 14 Atchafalaya levee district (front)------------------------ 1,060, 445.66 Atchafalaya levee district (back)-------------------- 123, 915. 84 Lafourche levee district --------------------------------- 326, 311.06 Barataria levee district--------------------------------- 220, 750.95 Pontchartrain levee district ------------------------- . 755, 986. 10 Lake Borgne levee district ------ ---------------------- 312, 428. 30 3, 100, 315. 5r 2156 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, under Mississippi River Commission, June 30, 1930--Continued SECOND NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River Expended Expended New appropri- contributed Grand total project- ations funds expended Total allotments Amount expended on previous project----------------- $11, 284, 041. 97167$37,049,195. 35 68 $4, 408, 984.48 $52, 751, 721. 80 Amount expended on present $42, project to end of last fiscal year. 59 . 083. $42, 083. 34 34 3, 843, 092. 97-------------I - 6, 707, 393.90 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year_____------- 633, 862..82 -___...---- ................ 9, 673, 079. 56 Amount allotted present fiscal year... ------------ .75 ---------- _.. 11,733, 484. 40 ..--------------- Amount to be accounted for--_____-------------- 633, 863. 57-------- ---------------- 21, 406, 563. 96 Deductions________________.. -- -.-.-.-.--.. ... . .- - - - - - - - - - - . . -.. . . ..-- . 1, 5 73, 7 1 4. 24 Net amount to be ac- counted for______._ S633, 863.57 I-- ----------- -------- 19, 832, 849.72 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to thismonth _- 235, 901. 63 ------------ 7, 332, 951.95 Present month---..-.---.-- 6, 137. 92---------------------------703, 697. 43 Total gross amount ex- pended this fiscal year_. 70 242, 039.55-------------------------718,036,649.38 Less receipts from sales ... ___-- 4, 938. 51 Net expenditures this fiscal year ---------- _ - -- ---- 242, 039.55-__--------------8,031, 710.87 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury, United States _ 49, 191. 46 - _ _... .. 10,762,782.27 In hand - -- -.- 632.566 ------ 1,1342, 038, 356. 58 Total unexpended at end of month__ _........... 391, 824.02 .....--------....---------------- 11,801, 138.85 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable. 556.01----------- ---------------- 125,845.31 Amount covered by uncom- pleted contracts___ _ 36, 055. 20 ----------- -------------- 7, 533, 206. 17 Total outstanding ._.___ ... 36, 611.21 ...............----------------..--...------------..... 659, 051.48 Balance available at end of month.. .------. ....... 355, 212.81 -------------------------. 4, 142, 087.37 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel im- provement, and protection- Bondurant, La------ ---------------------------- $26, 675. 90 Kempe Bend revetment -------- ---------------------- 1, 260, 147. 83 Grand Bay, La ------- --------------------------- 300, 465. 11 Marengo Bend ---------------------------------- 286, 154. 40 Deer Park, La-- --------------------------------- 579, 358. 69 Hard Times Bend-------------------------------- 268, 799. 99 Giles Bend---__------------------------------------ 633, 594. 55 Plaquemine, La., revetment------------------------- 80, 867. 94 Experimental concrete revetment_ --------------------- 20, 614. 29 Plant _------------------------------ ---------- 1, 603, 967. 41 $5,060,646. 11 Improving harbors and tributaries- Natchez Front, Miss------------------------------- 2, 946. 94 Harbor at New Orleans, La----------------------------- 1,199, 236. 30 Dredges and dredging (Atchafalaya and Red Rivers, La.) ...------------- --------------- ------------- 115, 681.84 1,317, 865. 08 Total expended allotments------------------------------------------ ------------- $9, 482,118.25 66 Allotted Oct. 26, 1929, Serial No. C-5489, ED 3121 (N. O. 2d D. 0.) 173 and P-3241-169, act of Apr. 16, 1926. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2157 (Footnotes continued) 7 * Expended appropriations: Flood control, Mississippi and Sacramento Rivers, Calif.: Surveys, gages, and observations---................. ............... $5, 010. 25 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill.- Lower Tensas levee district ------- ----------- $1,611, 073.31 Atchafalaya levee district_---------- -__ ____ 1, 126, 578. 43 Lafourche levee district ---------- ------------- 370, 364.00 Barataria levee district_--- _----- --..-------- 265, 501. 38 Pontchartrain levee district_ --------------------- 770, 788. 77 Lake Borgne levee district --------------------- 181,000. 50 4, 325, 306. 39 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improvement and protection-- ------------- _--_-__ Bondurant, La__ ----------____ 36, 727. 81 Kempe Bend revetment__-------------.. --- 692, 840. 20 Giles Bend_---_------------------------------- 197, 218. 30 Grand Bay, La_--------------- --------.--- 358, 711. 59 Marengo Bend_-_________----- ___--_____._ 397, 295.90 Deer Park, La_ ---- -_-----------_-_-____ ---- __ - 4, 060. 80 Hard Times Bend--___-_-_-__--___-______-_ 276, 149. 37 Plaquemine, La., revetment-_-------------------. - 368, 283. 83 2, 331, 287. 80 Plant and miscellaneous-plant ------------------------------ 1, 131, 837. 91 Improving harbors and tributaries- Natchez Front, Miss__________- -______-___ __ -16, 583. 08 Harbor at New Orleans, La_----- -____- -__- _ 800, 249. 66 Atchafalaya and Red Rivers_-____- - ________- 222, 269. 90 1,039, 102. 64 Experimental work_----...................-.. _.......... -- 14, 275. 90 and harbor works- $8,846,820. 89 Emergencies in river Giles Bend.................................---------------------------------------------..40, 000. 00 Old River------ ---------------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 50, 000.00 Maintaining and protecting levees of the Mississippi River and tribu- taries against floods- Fourth district...---------................-------------------------------.... 141, 786. 22 Atchafalaya River and Bayou Des Glaises- - __________-__--- 31,431. 05 173, 217.27 Rebuilding levees of Mississippi River and tributaries damaged by floods- Lower Tensas levee district__-__ __-_____________._ - _____ - 6, 985. 66 Lafourche levee district_ ----------------------------------- 105, 318. 56 Lake Borgne levee district__---............. ............... . 551. 96 East bank Mississippi River from Vicksburg to Bayou Sara. .... 23, 402. 56 Sundry breaks Bayou Des Glaises and Atchafalaya River ....-------- 55, 599. 19 191,857. 93 Maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, act of Oct. 2, 1914- Lower Tensas levee district -------------------------------- 275, 000. 00 Atchafalaya levee district _________. ... .......... __... ___..... .. 125, 000. 00 Lafourche levee district_- ---________ ____----__-_ -______... 100, 000. 00 Barataria levee district_----------------------------.... 76, 265. 00 Pontchartrain levee district------ ---------- ------------ 100, 000. 00 Lake Borgne levee district__ ...-.- -___ __-__-__- -__ 75, 000. 00 Hard Times Bend_-________- -- ____._.__---------___ _- 22,714.44 Kempe Bend revetment.. ----------------------------------- 60, 252. 96 Giles Bend-- -- -- -- - - --................... . 40,184. 25 Marengo Bend---- --------------------------------------- 5,000.00 Natchez Front, Miss_--____ ---..-------.. . 12, 000. 00 Plaquemine, La., revetment___ ............................ - - - 50, 000. 00 Bondurant, La.....-------------------------------------------2, 319. 22 Plant ------------------------------------------------- 60, 513. 61 Harbor at New Orleans, La....-------------------------------- 54, 529. 13 Atchafalaya and Red Rivers, La_ - - - _____ - - -_____---- 15, 00. 00 1, 073, 778. 61 Maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, act of Mar. 4, 1915- Surveys------ ---------------------------------------------- 4, 814. 16 Lower Tensas levee district _------------------__ -------- 281, 124. 61 Atchafalaya levee district_-------- 115, 273. 13 Lafourche levee district_ .............-..-..- , .. -- 25, 739. 08 Barataria levee district-- -- _______--- ------ ________ __ -- -62, 236. 00 Pontchartrain levee district___------ ------ ___-__ __ __ -- -- - 40, 117. 50 Lake Borgne levee district- ---- _ _-_---------------------- -.- 41,006. 00 Hard Times Bend-- ------------------------------------- 120, 999. 99 Bondurant, La---- --------------------------------------- 2,192. 49 Kempe Bend revetment-.---.-----...... - __-- - __-- - 20, 000. 00 General repairs and stone- Marengo Bend__.----------------............. . $3, 462.02 Giles Bend....-------------------------------- 4, 271.67 7, 733. 69 Plaquemine, La., revetment-------------------------------- 28, 385. 18 Plant ------ - ------------------------------------------------- - 108,188. 69 Harbors at Natchez, Miss., and Vidalia, La--------------- - 194, 634. 00 Harbor at New Orleans, La--------------------------------. 37, 675. 91 Atchafalaya and Red Rivers, La- ----------.................. . 19, 832. 85 1,109, 953. 28 Expended appropriations carried forward_---------------------------- 11,445,627.98 2158 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 (Footnote 67 continued) Expended appropriations brought forward.................................-------------------------------------$11,445, 627. 98 Appropriation for Mississippi River-(expended general allotments)- Surveys, gages, and observations_--_---------------- $155, 171. 62 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill.- Lower Tensas levee district--------......... $5, 062, 208. 18 Lake Borgne levee district-----------.......... 659, 561. 11 Preservation of works--__--___- - 134, 000. 00 Lafourche levee district--.......-----------. 980, 769. 14 Pontchartrain levee district...--------- 2, 189, 335. 14 Barataria levee district-------------- 770, 163 95 Atchafalaya levee district ...----..------- 2, 194, 137. 17 Homochitto levee district........ __. 2, 583. 88 - 11, 992, 758. 57 Revetment and contraction works, per- manent channel improvement and pro- tection- Hard Times Bend ___---__. .-.-.- - 245, 000. 00 Giles Bend___-- ______ ---- -_-- 110, 000. 00 Plaquemine, La., revetment..... __ 150, 000. 00 Reid-Bedford Bend--_.....--_---- 87, 404. 63 Marengo Bend...___---__ . _-... --- 90, 000. 00 General repairs and stone......------------68, 000. 00 Bondurant, La.......--------------------113, 500. 00 Grand Bay, La--...._-_....__..__ .. 175, 000. 00 Kempe Bend revetment_.------------ 1, 360, 418. 72 2, 399, 323. 35 Dredges and dredging..........._____ .__ ___ .. ___ 2, 506. 99 Plant and miscellaneous1_____.__._______ _______ 1, 364, 230. 74 Improving harbors and tributaries- Natchez, Miss., and Vidalia, La- .-1, 564, 506. 80 Atchafalaya and Red Rivers, La ..--.. 150, 453. 95 Harbor at New Orleans, La..--------- 1, 167, 275. 22 2, 268, 235. 97 Total expended general allotments_ ._- _- - _-- --- $18, 796, 227. 24 Expended specific allotments- Improving harbors and tributaries- Improving harbors at Natchez, Miss., and Vidalia, La...---------282, 252. 04 Improving harbor at New Or- leans, La.....--------------------979, 639. 86 Atchafalaya and Red Rivers, La- 1,001,709.40 2, 263, 601. 30 Examinations of lands subject to overflow, east bank of the Mississippi River- Surveys, east bank Mississippi River from Warrenton, Miss., to Baton Rouge, La------- 4, 465. 35 Total expended specific allotments____ 2, 268, 066. 65 Total expended appropriation for Mississippi River----------------21, 064, 293. 89 Appropriation for increase of compensation, rivers and harbors- Fiscal year 1918_ --------------------------------------------- 14, 831. 55 Fiscal year 1919 ...............---------------------------------------------- 9,169. 85 Fiscal year 1920 ......--------------------------------------------- 13, 075. 25 Fiscal year 1921 ... ..___ _______.___- ___ _____ ____-__-_ ........ 62, 044. 01 Fiscal year 1922 ..............-------------------------------------------- 119, 336. 29 Fiscal year 1923.......................--------------------------------------------- 92, 308. 75 310, 765. 70' Appropriation for emergency flood control, Mississippi River, act of Apr. 21, 1922-levees_ 305, 744. 55, Appropriation for emergency flood control, Mississippi River, deficiency act of Dec. 22, 1927- Lower Tensas levee district ..... ... .__.. . --....---- $953, 091. 46 Red River, Atchafalaya and Bayou Boeuf levee districts ..------------- 204, 269.00 Atchafalaya levee district (front) ------------------------------- 399, 833. 00 Atchafalaya levee district (back) -------------------------------- 324, 959. 00 Lafourche levee district.__ 254, 185. 00 Barataria levee district .--------------------------------------- 118, 501.00 Pontchartrain levee district - 653, 314. 28 Lake Borgne levee district ---- --- ---- 36, 363. 00 Giles Bend, revetment -------.............. --- -- 47, 967. 34 Hard Times Bend, revetment_----------------------------------_ 65, 906. 07 Plaquemine, La., revetment.....------------------------------------76, 434. 40 Kempe Bend, revetment_ -------------------------------------- 80, 402. 54 Plant.. ---------------------------------------------------- ___.__ 349, 000. 00 Harbor at New Orleans, La.....------------------------------------ 54, 289. 65 3, 618, 315. 74' Appropriation for preserving and protecting levees not under Government control on Mississippi River, its tributaries and outlets during flood emergency -------- 69, 776. 37 Appropriation for flood relief, Mississippi River, act of Mar. 23, 1928- Lower Tensas levee district----------------------------------- $40, 810. 61 Atchafalaya levee district (front)----.....---_ _. -....- ._ 20, 295. 41 Lafourche levee district-------------------------- .. --. 58, 302. 17 Barataria levee district..--------------.... .... - -----.-----_ _ 3. 834. 88 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2159 (Footnote 67 continued) Pontchartrain levee district..__-----------------__ ... _ __ ... _ $77, 785. 56 Lake Borgne levee district..........------...........--------------------......--------....... 13, 004. 10 Red River, Atchafalaya and Bayou Boeuf levee districts------------- 4, 638. 39 Saline levee and drainage district______.... ___...... -.........- 16, 000.00 $234. 671. 12 Total expended appropriations----.........................-----------------------------------. 37, 049, 195. 35 68Expended contributed funds: Contributed for improving Mississippi River- Torras, La-...---------------------------------------- $2, 453. 74 Avondale, La------------------------------------------- 32, 467. 28 34, 921.02 Funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River (special fund)- Lower Tensas levee district---_----------------------- 1, 780, 604, 30 Red River, Atchafalaya and Bayou Boeuf levee districts- 57, 861. 61 Atchafalaya levee district_ __------------------------1,027, 881.05 Lafourche levee district ---------------------------- 321, 395. 45 Barataria levee district_----------------------------_ 261, 430. 80 \ Pontchartrain levee district_------------------------ 689, 414. 44 Lake Borgne levee district------------------------- 235, 475. 81 4, 374, 063. 46 Total expended contributed funds ____---- ------- - ____ ----- 4, 408, 984.48 8 Includes "Surveys, gages, and observations," $25,000; and "Atchafalaya River levees," $17,083.34. 70 Includes outstanding claims for reimbursement amounting to $0. 71Includes outstanding claims for reimbursement amounting to $267, 587.47 (transfer of steamer Mis- sissippi to the Vicksburg engineer district). 11714---ENG 1930---136 2160 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Emergency flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River-Statement of con- dition of appropriations and allotments, June 30, 1980 ROCK ISLAND ENGINEER DISTRICT Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River, deficiency act of May 29, 1928 1 Repair of levees in Repair of Repair of Louisa levee levee, Cedar levee, Iowa Repair of districts Nos. River, Iowa River, Iowa levee on Mill 8 and 11, Iowa levee district levee district Creek, Ill., River, Iowa, i No. 17, Mus- No. 14, vicinity of near Wapello catine Louisa Milan, Ill. and Oakville, County, Iowa County, Iowa Iowa Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year --------------------------- $2,031.69 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year_.. Amount allotted present fiscal year..... . 9, 668. 31 2 1, 525. 00 -- $6, 000. 00 ...--- $. - $4, 220. 00 00.. $00.00 4 $500. 00 Amount to be accounted for--....------------ 11, 193. 31 6, 000. 00 4, 220. 00 500. 00 Deductions ------------------------------------------- 5 317. 32 6 1, 724. 47 - - Net amount to be accounted for----------........... 11, 193. 31 5, 682. 68 2, 495. 53 500. 00 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month...........----------------------- 11, 193. 31 5, 682. 68 2, 495. 53 500. 00 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year--........---------------------------- 11, 193. 31 5, 682. 68 2, 495. 53 500. 00 Net expenditures this fiscal year ......--------- 11, 193. 31 5, 682. 68 2, 495. 53 500. 00 1 Expenditures from this fund are not made under direction of the Mississippi River Commission. 2 Includes $825 allotted July 17, 1929, Serial No. C-5293, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 264; and $700 allotted Oct. 22, 1929, Serial No. C-5483, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 321. 8 Includes $3,520, allotted July 17, 1929, Serial No. C-5292, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 263; and $700 allotted Sept. 17, 1929, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 299. 4 Allotted July 22, 1929, Serial No. C-5299, ED-7042 (Mill Creek, Ill.) 8. 5 Revoked Feb. 11, 1930, Serial No. C-5710, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 419. 6 Revoked June 11, 1930, Serial No. C-6047, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 460. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2161 Emergency flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River-Statement of con- cition of appropriationsand allotments, June 30, 1980-Continued ROCK ISLAND ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued I Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River, defi- ciency act of May 29, 1928 Contributed fund. (Special deposit.) De- posited by Repair of Board of O. L. Ashby Supervisors Grand total levee on the of Louisa Iowa River, County, Louisa Total Iowa, for County, in repair of the vicinity levees 1 of Wapello, Iowa Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal -----..---------- year..-------.. ----------------------------------- - -- $2, 031. 69 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year--.. ______- _- $15, 668. 31 -------------- 15, 668. 31 Amount allotted present fiscal year _. .-- ?$1, 500. 00 7, 745. 00 8 $3, 500. 00 11, 245. 00 Amount to be accounted for-............ 1, 500. 00 23, 413. 31 3, 500. 00 26, 913. 31 Deductions----------------------------------- --- _----- 2, 041. 79 91, 420. 78 3, 462. 57 -- Net amount to be accounted for __-.... 1, 500. 00 21, 371. 52 2, 079. 22 23, 450. 74 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month....-------------------- _ ____. .. 19, 871. 52 2, 079. 22 21, 950. 74 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year.._.--------- ---------------------- 19, 871. 52 2, 079. 22 21, 950. 74 10to Net expenditures this fiscal year- .-..... _______ -- 19, 871. 52 2, 079. 22 21, 950. 74 Balance unexpended at end of month: In hand_ 1, 500. 00 1, 500. 00 Total unexpended at end of month ...... 1, 500. 00 1, 500. 00 --.--.. -- ___ 1, 500. 00 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts ___- 741. 60 0 _760 ----------- Total outstanding---....--...........-------- 741. 60 Balance available at end of month........ 758. 40 758.40 I----------- 758. 40 1 Expenditures from this fund are not made under direction of the Mississippi River Commission. 7 Allotted May 13, 1930, Serial No. C-5922, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 468. 8 Deposited by Board of Supervisors of Louisa County, Iowa, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 292. 9 Unexpended balance refunded to Board of Supervisors of Louisa County, Iowa (Vou. No. 1149, Mar. 1930). 10Includes outstanding claims for reimbursement amounting to $-----. 2162 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Emergency flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River--tatement of con- dition of appropriationsand allotments, June 30, 1980-Continued ST. LOUIS ENGINEER DISTRICT Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River 11 Repair of levee Repair of levee on Cinque- on Cinque- hommes Creek, hommes Creek, Perry County Perry County levee and drain- levee and drain- Total age district age district No. 2, near No. 3, near Menfro, Mo. Menfro, Mo. (deficiency act (deficiency act May 29, 1928) May 29, 1928) Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year.--- ----. ------------- _ ... ... ........ $232. 54 $698. 73 $931. 27 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year............. 267. 46 751. 27 1, 018. 73 Am ount allotted present fiscal year ...___.__.___ __ __ __. ___ 127, 300. 00 7, 300. 00 Amount to be accounted for .__. 267. 46 8, 051. 27 8, 318. 73 Deductions_------------ 13267. 46 13227. 12 494. 58 Net amount to be accounted for_. ............. ... .... 7, 824. 15 7, 824. 15 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month. ......-....... .__............ 2, 174. 31 2, 174. 31 Present month-- .......................... ___ __ _............ 1, 347. 79 141, 347. 79 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year....... .... __._ 3, 522. 10 3, 522. 10 Net expenditures this fiscal year_ ... .... __ __ . 3, 522. 10 3, 522. 10 Balance unexpended at end of month: In hand___ 4, 302. 05 4, 302. 05 Total unexpended at end of month__..... . . . 4, 302. 05 4, 302. 05 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts ------ -------------- - receivable------------------- ----- 5. 66 5. 66 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts-__--_ _.. - - 1, 798. 62 1, 798. 62 Total outstanding------------------- 1, 804.28 1,804.28 Balance available at end of month-....----.------- Ii 2, 497. 77 2, 497. 77 11 Expenditures not under supervision of Mississippi River Commission. 12Allotted Dec. 10, 1929, Serial No. C-5566, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 354. 13Revoked Jan. 3, 1930, Serial No. C-5610, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 390. 14Includes outstanding claims for reimbursement amounting to $--- MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2163 JEmergenoy flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River--Statement of con.- dition of appropriations and allotments, June 30, 1930-Continued MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River- Repairs to levees Village Creek and White Logan River levee County Yell Perry district levee County County Western Curia No. 2 of districts levee levee Clay Creek Jackson district County, Nos. 1 and district No. 1, drainage drainage Ark., and 3, No. 1, Perry district, district, Bateman Logan Arkansas, County, Black Black levee County, Arkansas Arkansas River, River, district Arkansas River, River, Ark. Ark. No. 3 of River, Ark. Ark. (Act May (Act May Jackson Ark. (Act May (Act May 29, 1928) 29, 1928) (Act May 29, 1928) County, 29, 1928) 29, 1928) Ark. (Act May 29, 1928) Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year- - - - $8, 585. 21 $2, 639. 05 1 $10, 763. 92 1 $2,107.54 $7, 304. 30 $6, 233. 67 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year_....._.__... 1, 414. 79 1, 485. 95 5, 236. 08 317.46 1, 895. 70 3, 76. 33 Amount to be acounted for_ _- 1, 414. 79 1, 485. 95 5, 236. 08 317. 46 1, 895. 70 3, 766. 33 Deductions-...._... _.... 1a1, 371. 55 151, 455. 75 155, 108. 81 15294. 70 151, 814. 43 163, 075. 22 Net amount to be ac- counted for ... __..... 43. 24 30. 20 127. 27 22. 76 81. 27 691. 11 Gross amount expended: Pres- ent fiscal year prior to this month-_____________ 43.24 30.20 127.27 22.76 81.27 691.11 Total gross amount ex- pended this fiscal year_ 43. 24 30. 20 127. 27 22. 76 81. 27 691. 11 Net expenditures this fiscal year.____ .. .___ 43. 24 30. 20 127.27 22. 76 81. 27 691. 11 15 Amounts reported are covered by revocation of allotments Oct. 2, 1929, Serial No. C-5452, ED-3073-195 18Amounts reported are covered by revocation of allotments Dec. 3, 1929, Serial No. C-5550, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 361. 2164 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Emergenoy flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River-Statement of con- dition of appropriationsand allotments, June 80, 1930--Continued MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT--Continued Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Missis- sippi River-Repairs to levees Conway Conway Fourche Mingo County County Island Padgett drainage levee levee levee Island, district, district district district, White Stoddard No. 2, No. 6, Arkansas River, County, Conway Conway River, Ark. St. Francis County, County, Ark. (Act May River, Arkansas Arkansas (Act May 29, 1928) Mo. River, River, 29, 1928) (Act May Ark. Ark. 29, 1928) (Act May (Act May 29, 1928) 29, 1928) Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year..__.......... $14, 642. 94 $10, 176. 39 1 $6, 699. 52 $2,113. 75 $1, 772. 40, Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year..._ ........... . . . . 9, 357. 06 14, 823. 61 .48 1, 886. 25 2, 227. 60 Amount to be accounted for-............ 9, 357. 06 14, 823. 61 .48 1, 886. 25 2, 227. 60 Deductions...........--- .-...-.-.----- 168, 872. 54 16 14, 703. 52 .... 151, 863. 14 152, 208. 34 Net amount to be accounted for ...... 484. 52 120. 09 .48 23. 11 19. 26 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month ................. ... 484. 52 120. 09 .48 23. 11 19. 26 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year................------- 484. 52 120. 09 .48 23.11 19.26 Net expenditures this fiscal year...... 484. 52 120. 09 .48 23. 11 19. 26 15Amounts reported are covered by revocation of allotments Oct. 2, 1929, Serial No. C-5452, ED-3073-195. 16 Amounts reported are covered by revocation of allotments Dec. 3, 1929, Serial No. C-5550, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 361. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2165 Emergenoy flood control on tributaries of Missisippi River-Statement of oon- dition of appropriationsand allotments, June 30, 1930--Continued MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Missis- sippi River-Repairs to levees Conway Logan County County Drainage levee Sara levee levee dis- levee dis- District No. Wikle trict No. 1, trict No. 3, 25, Dunklin district, district, Conway Logan County Neosho Neosho County, County, St. Francis River, (near River, (near Arkansas Arkansas Erie, Kans.) River, Mo. (Act May Erie, Kans.) River, Ark. River, Ark. (Act May (Act May (Act May (Act May 29, 1928) 29, 1928) 29, 1928) 29, 1928) 29, 1928) Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year-.....-------------- $5, 684.60 $4,994.50 $117.79 $388. 02 $80.04 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year------------------------------------ 715. 40 3, 005. 50 1,882. 21 9, 611. 98 919. 96 Amount to be accounted for- ...... 715. 40 3, 005. 50 1,882. 21 9, 611. 98 919. 96 Deductions 17642. 05 172, 946. 78 171, 876. 36 182,473. 56 18 918. 92 Net amount to be accounted for .-.. 73. 35 58. 72 5. 85 7,138. 42 L 04 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month------_------- 73. 35 58. 72 5.85 7, 138. 42 1.04 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year. .. ......... . . .. . . .. 73.35 58.72 5.85 7, 138. 42 1.04 Net expenditures this fiscal year--...--- 73.35 58.72 5.85 7,138. 42 1.04 Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mis- sissippi River-Repairs to levees Nixon levee Delos-Johnson levee dis- Lawrence district, Neo- trict, Neosho River, Kans. levee district, sho River, (near Rollin, Kans.) Neosho (near Cha- River, (near nute, Kan.) Rollin,Kans.) (Act May 29, Act May 29, Act Feb. 28, (Act May 29, 1928) 1928 1929 1928) Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year. . ____ ________ $132. 86 $27. 94 $200. 87 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year -- 3, 367. 14 1, 272. 06 .------------ 8, 299.13 Amount allotted present fiscal year....----------- 19 $1, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for............. 3,367. 14 1, 272.06 1, 500. 00 8, 299. 13 Deductions - - 18949. 19 18985. 16 18423. 20 Net amount to be accounted for...... 2,417. 95 1, 212. 06 514. 84 7, 875. 93 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month_______.------------ 2, 417. 95 1, 272. 06 514. 84 7, 875. 93 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year --_ 2, 417. 95 1, 272. 06 514. 84 7, 875. 93 Net expenditures this fiscal year-.......... 2, 417. 95 1, 272.06 514. 84 7, 875.93 17Amounts reported are covered by revocation of allotments Oct. 2, 1929, Serial No. C-5452, E. D.-3073- 195. 18Amounts reported are covered by revocation of allotments Feb. 20, 1930, Serial No. C-5725, E.D.-7402- A (Miss. R.) 427. 19Amount reported is covered by allotment of Oct. 2, 1929, Serial No. C-5459, E.D.-7402-A (Miss. R.) 308. 2166 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERB, U. .S. ARMY, 1980 Emergency flood control on tributaries of Missisppi River-Statement of con- dition of appropriationsand allotments, June 80, 1930-Continued MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mis- sissippi River-Repairs to levees Sheltz levee district, Neo- Drainage dis- Gibbons sho River (near Erie, Kans.) trict No. 17, levee district, Little River, Neosho River Mississippi (near St. Act May 29, ActFebruary County, Ark. Paul, Kans.) 1928 May 29, 28 , 19 2 y (act 1928) (act May 29, 1928) Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year-----------...-------------- --------------------------- $84. 75 $14. 51 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year_.. $3, 500. 00 ----------- 11, 915. 25 3, 985.49 Amount allotted present fiscal year_ 20$2, 500. 00 2119, 000. 00- - -- Amount to be accounted for--...--..---------- 3, 500. 00 2, 500. 00 30, 915.25 3, 985. 49 Deductions--....-------------------------------------- 222,423.40 --------- 223, 209. 55 Net amount to be accounted for.......... 3,500.00 76. 60 30,915. 25 775.94 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month...... 3, 500. 00 76. 60 6, 704. 14 775.94 Present month -------------------------- 353.79... Total gross amount expended this fiscal year....------------------------------- 3,500. 00 76. 60 7, 057. 93 775.94 Net expenditures this fiscal year--------- ........ 3,500. 00 76. 60 23 7, 057.93 775.94 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury, United States------------..................------...... 20, 000. 00 ...-......... In hand ----------------------------------------------------- 3,857.32 .....--.. Total unexpended at end of month __.----------... .. - 23, 857. 32 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less ac- counts receivable._--------------------------- ------------ ------------ 3. 05 ---------- Amount covered by uncompleted contracts......... ... ...--------------... 13, 600. 00 -------------- Total outstanding ------------------------------------------- 13, 603. 05.......... Balance available at end of month------- _ __ 10, 254. 27----------- Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mis- sissippi River-Repairs to levees Dutton levee district, Neo- Nation levee Brogan levee sho River (near Erie, Kans.) district, Neo- district, Neo- sho River sho River (near Shaw, (near St. Kans.) Act May 29, Act February May 29, (act Paul, Ians.) 1928 28, 1929 1928) (act May 29, 1928) Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year-............................... $146. 07 $10.37 $90. 63 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year_-_ 6, 353. 93 --------------_ 2, 239. 63 8, 909. 37 Amount allotted present fiscal year-........ 24$3, 500. 00 _.................... Amount to be accounted for ..... 6, 353. 93 3, 500. 00 2, 239. 63 8, 909. 37 Deductions ---- , - - --.- ----- -- --- 222, 927. 67 221, 087. 96 222,101. 75 Net amount to be accounted for.__-_..- _ 6, 353. 93 572. 33 1,151.67 6,807. 62 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month.... 6, 353. 93 572. 33 1, 151. 67 6, 807. 62 Total gross amount expended this fiscal _ year .............................. . 6, 353.93 572.33 1, 151.67 6, 807. 62 Net expenditures this fiscal year- - 6, 353. 93 572. 33 1, 151.67 6, 807. 62 2 o Amount reported is covered by allotment of Oct. 2, 1929, Serial No. C-5460, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 313. 21Amount reported is covered by allotment of Mar. 25, 1930, Serial No. C-5801, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 439 and 449. 22 Amounts reported are covered by revocation of allctments of Feb. 20, 1930, Serial No. C-5725, ED- 7402-A (Miss. R.) 427. *2 Includes outstanding claims for reimbursement amounting to $0.25. 24 Amount reported is covered by allotment of Oct. 2, 1929, Serial No. C-5456, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 307. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2167 Emergency flood oontrol on tributaries of Missis'ppi River-Statement of con- dition of appropriationsand allotments, Jun 30, 1930--Continued MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River-Repairs to levees- Isett Blackburn levee Heath levee district, Linden levee district district, Neosho Neosho River (near River (near Chanute, Neosho River (near St. Paul, Kans.) Kans.) St. Paul, Kans.) Act May Act Febru- Act May Act Febru- Act May Act Febru- 29,1928 ary28,1929 29, 1928 ary 28, 1929 29, 1928 ary 28, 1929 Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year _ -..... 60 $16. ......... $60.77 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year._____-------- 3, 983. 40 5, 939.23 .........----------.. $4, 000. 00 ..----------- ......... Amount allotted present fiscal year _ -_-_..... 25 $2, 500. 0 ..--------- 28$5, 000. 00 ---------.......... 27$5,000. 00 Amount to be accounted for... 3,983. 40 2, 500.00 5, 939.23 5,000. 00 4, 000.00 5, 000. 00 Deductions-------. - .. -- .....- 281, 500. 97 ...---------. 282, 574.19 ..---------- 28 3, 555. 89 Net amount to be accounted for.-- .----------------- 3, 983. 40 999.03 5, 939. 23 2,425. 81 4,000. 00 1, 444. 11 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month .. 3,983. 40 999. 03 5, 939. 23 2, 425. 81 4,000. 00 1, 444. 11 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year ... ---... __ 3,983.40 999. 03 5, 939. 23 2, 425. 81 4, 000. 00 1, 444. 11 Net expenditures this fiscal year.....__..._..___ .. 3, 983.40 999. 03 5, 939. 23 2, 425. 81 4, 000. 00 1, 444. 11 I 25 26 Amount reported is covered by allotment of Oct. 2,1929, Serial No. C-5461, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 312. 2 Amount reported is covered by allotment of Oct. 2,1929, Serial No. C-5458, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 309. 7Amountreported is covered by allotment of Oct. 2,1929, Serial No. C-5463, ED-7402-A (Miss. R.) 306. 28Amounts reported are covered by revocation of allotments, Feb. 20, 1930, Serial No. C-5725, ED- 7402-A (Miss. R.) 427. 2168 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Emergency flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River-Statement of con- dition of appropriationsand allotments, June 30, 1930-Continued MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River-Repairs to levees-Continued I Rosenthallevee district, Labette Edwards-Marsh- B ell Neosho River (near County le- levee district, Neosho Chanute, Kans.) vee district River (near Shaw, No. 1, Neo- Kans.) sho River (near Os- wego, Act May Act Feb. Kans.),Act Act May Act Feb. 29, 1928 28, 1929 May 29, 29, 1928 28, 1929 1928 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year-...- __ $12, 000.00 ------------- $1,800. 00 $2, 500.00 ------------ Amount allotted present fiscal year----_-- ... ----- .. 29 $10, 000. 00 ___---------_--- - 30o$1, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for...... 12, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 1, 800. 00 2, 500. 00 1, 500. 00 D eductions ............................ . 314, 144.73 3190. 07 ------------ 31837.19 Net amount to be accounted for _-- 12, 000.00 5, 855.27 1,709. 93 2, 500. 00 662.81 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month-----------. __ 12, 000. 00 5,855. 27 1, 709. 93 2, 500. 00 662. 81 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year -............... . . ._ 12, 000. 00 5, 855. 27 1, 709. 93 2, 500. 00 662. 81 Net expenditures this fiscal year... - 12, 000. 00 5, 855. 27 1, 709. 93 2, 500. 00 662.81 Emergency fund for flood control on tribu- taries of Mississippi River-Repairs to levees-Continued. Allen levee St. Francis River, Mo., district, Neo- drainage district No. 25, sho County, Dunklin County, Mo. Neosho (near Kenneth, Mo.) River (near St. Paul, Act May 29, Act Feb. 28, Kans.), Act 1928 1929 May 29, 1928 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year_------------- $5, 600. 00 - 32$5, 600. 00 Amount allotted present fiscal year ................. 33 $39, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for---_ 5, 600. 00 5, 600. 00 39, 000. 00 Deductions............................. 31 1, 758. 73 Net amount to be accounted for..---..... ........ 3,841. 27 5, 600. 00 39, 000. 00 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month ........................................ 3, 841.27 3, 882. 94 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year ...... _. 3, 841. 27 3, 882. 94........... Net expenditures this fiscal year_--...... .... 3, 841. 27 3, 882. 94 ......... Balance unexpended at end of month: 'In.Treasury, United States. ....................... .-.-- - - - - - -- - - .--- . .- - -- .-- 3 9 , 0 00. 00 In han d .... ------------------------ -------------- ------------- . 1, 717. 06 --- Total unexpended at end of month----------- -- 1, 717.06 39, 000.00 Balance available at end of month ..---------------- 1, 717. 06 39, 000. 00 2o Amount reported is covered by allotment of Oct. 2, 1929, Serial No. C-5457, ED. 7402-A (Miss. R.) 311. 80Amount reported is covered by allotment of Oct. 2, 1929, Serial No. C-5462, ED. 7402-A (Miss. R.) 310. 81Amounts reported are covered by revocation of allotments Feb. 20, 1930, Serial No. C-5725, ED. 7402-A (Miss. R.) 427. 82 Amount reported is covered by allotment of July 1, 1929, Serial No. C-5264, ED. 7402-A (Miss. R.) 255. 8aAmount reported is covered by allotment of June 2, 1930, Serial No. C-5965, ED. 7402-A (Miss.R.) 486. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2169 Emergency flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River--Statement of con- dition of appropriations and allotments, June 80, 1930---Continued MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River-- Repairs to levees-Continued St. Francis On White St. Francis River,Ark., Verdigris River, Ark., River, Ark., mud slough Ver,Ri e- OnHorsdigris in Phillips St. Francis On Neosho drainage Kans, at head Creek County drainage dis- River at district No. the Hall Ark. (near drainage trict of Clay the Brown 1 (near Farm (near Hartman district No. and Greene Farm (near Paragould, Coffeyvile, Ark.) (Act 1 of Phillips Counties, Burlington, Greene ) FebArk.) (Act, and Monroe Ark. (near Kans.) (Act, County, (Act Feb. 1929) Counties, Brighton, Feb. 28, Ark.) (Act,2 Fe Ark.) (Act, Ark.) (Act, 1929) May 29, 28 1929) Feb. 28, Feb. 28, 1928) 1929) 34 1929) Amount allotted present fis- cal year ------------------ 35 $7, 750. 00 38 $1, 000. 00 37 $3, 000. 00 38$9, 100. 00 39$20, 700. 00 40$2, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for 7, 750. 00 1, 000. 00 3, 000. 00 9, 100. 00 20, 700. 00 2, 000. 00 Deductions ...-- . 4190.95 41458.51 . Net amount to be ac- counted for ..._.. 7, 750. 00 909. 05 2, 541. 49 9, 100. 00 20, 700. 00 2, 000. 00 Gross amount expended: Fresent fiscal year prior to this month ....--.. 6, 623. 39 909.05 2, 541. 49 2, 767. 36 15, 987. 26 1, 912. 10 Present month- ....... .50 .. - 597.97 .13 Total gross amount ex- pended this fiscal yearr 6, 623. 89 909. 05 2, 541. 49 3, 365. 33 15, 987. 39 1, 912. 10 Net expenditures this fiscal year-- __ - 6, 623. 89 909. 05 2, 541. 49 3, 365. 33 15, 987. 39 1, 912. 10 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury, United States .___ - - - 1,600.00 In hand.......___- _ _ 1, 126. 11-_ .----------------- 4, 134. 67 4, 712. 61 87. 90 Total unexpended at end of month- ... 1, 126. 11-------------- 5, 734. 67 4,712. 61 87. 90 Amount covered by uncom- pleted contracts_ 2, 147. 27 Total outstanding.. .. ,-I -- ------------ -- - 2, 147. 27 Balance available at end of month- -_____- 1, 126. 11 --------------------- 3, 587. 40 4, 712. 61 87. 90 34Expenditures under jurisdiction of Mississippi River Commission; all others on current financial statement not under its jurisdiction. 85Amount reported is covered by allotment of Aug. 2, 1929, Serial No. C-5331, ED.-7402-A (Miss. R.) 274. 36 Amount reported is covered by allotment of Aug. 8, 1929, Serial No. C-5350, ED.-7402-A (Miss. R.) 284. 37 Amount reported is covered by allotment of Aug. 9, 1929, Serial No. C-5351, ED.-7402-A (Miss. R.) 283. as Amount reported is covered by allotment of Aug. 8, 1929, Serial No. C-5349, ED.-7402-A (Miss. R.) 280. 39Amount reported is covered by allotment of Aug. 8, 1929, Serial No. C-5348, ED.-7402-A (Miss. R.) 276. 40Amount reported is covered by allotment of Sept. 19, 1929, Serial No. C-5451, ED.-7402-A (Miss. R.) 301. 41Amounts reported are covered by revocation of allotments Feb. 20, 1930, Serial No. C-5725, ED.-7402-A (Miss. R.) 427. 2170 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Emergenoy flood c ontrol on tributaries of Miasisippi River--Statement of oon- dition of appropriationsand allotments, June 30, 1930--Continued MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River Repairs to levees Levees, maintenance, and repair St. Francis River, Ark.- White St. Francis River levee drainage Jackson, Districts district of district of Woodruff, Nos. 2, 4, St. Francis Woodruff, Clay and Prairie, and and 25 St. and Little Prairie, and Greene Monroe Monroe Counties, Counties, River (Act, Msay Counties, Ark. (east Ark. (Act, (Act, Ma 29,1928) 3 Ark. (Act, of Piggott May 29, 29, 1928) Feb. 28, and Para- 1928) 1929) gould) (Act, May 29, 1928) Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year_ ................ .--.--.---------I $74, 535. 68 $9, 299. 71 $19, 999. 25 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year-----_ ___. ..---------------- ----- _ ___464.32 700.29 .75 Amount alloted present fiscal year-........ 42 $39, 000. 00 43 $2, 000. 00-- Amount to be accounted for-........ 39, 000. 00 2, 000. 00 464. 32 700. 29 . 75 Net amount to be accounted for .... 39, 000. 00 2,000. 00 464. 32 700. 29 .75 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month_ 267.03 - - -- 80. 85 582. 24 .75 .. Present month __........____________________ 2, 216. 65 -~. Total gross amount expended this fiscal year _........_ _-__..... 2, 483. 68 ------------ 80.85 582. 24 .75 Net expenditures this fiscal year--... 2, 483. 68 ------------ 80. 85 582. 24 .75 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury, United States..... ..__ 29, 000.00 1,000. 00 334.99 In hand ............................. 7, 516. 32 1,000. 00 48. 48 118.05 - Total unexpended at end of month _ 36, 516. 32 2, 000. 00 383. 47 118. 05 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable...............__ 900.49 _---- Amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts................................. 33,401.14 ----- ------------ ............ Total outstanding................._ 34, 301.63------------ --------------- Balance available at end of month__ 2, 214. 69 2, 000.00• 383.47 118.05 ...... 42Amount reported is covered by allotment of Dec. 27, 1929, Serial No. C-5595, ED.-7402-A (Miss. R.) 370. 48Amount reported is covered by allotment of May 26, 1930, Serial No. C-5955, ED.-7402-A (Miss. R.) 483. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2171 Emergenoy flood oontrol on tributaries of Miisssippi River-Statement of con- dition of appropriationsand allotments, June 30, 1930--Continued MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River Levees, maintenance and repair Emergency Emergency Emergency flood pro- flood pro- flood pro- tection on tection on tection on Fourche St. Francis Arkansas White Place levee, River and River and River and White Pulaski tributaries, tributaries, tributaries, River, Ark. County, Ark. (act Ark. (act Ark. (act (act May Arkansas May 29, May 29, May 29, 29, 1928) River, Ark. 1928) 1928) 1928) (act May 29, 1928) Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year_-------- $87, 937. 6 $1, 698. 85 $4, 976. 90 $1, 937. 71 $2, 481.83 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year... ....--..---- _--- 6, 042. 38 1. 15 .5, 023.10 8, 062. 29 17, 518. 17 Amount allotted present fiscal year__ 4410, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for ._-- _- 6, 042. 38 1. 15 15, 023. 10 8, 062. 29 17, 518. 17 Net amount to be accounted for _... 6, 042. 38 1. 15 15, 023. 10 8, 062. 29 17y518. 17 Gross amount expended: 1. 15 Present fiscal year prior to this month__ 1, 486. 70 8, 247. 91 3, 273. 54 10, 328. 07 Present month ........-------------- - 35. 08 ............- 535.70 114.45 129. 99 i - i-~-~- Total gross amount expended this fiscal year _... .-- ------ ------- 1, 521. 78 1. 15 8, 783. 61 3, 387. 99 10, 458. 06 Net expenditures this fiscal year -__ 1, 521. 781 2 7 1.15 . 1 458, 783. 61 3, 387. 99 10, 458. 06 . . ... Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury, United States __-_----- 500. 00 - ----- _- 3, 000. 00 - In hand __......................... 4, 520. 60 5, 739. 49 4, 674. 30 4, 060. 11 Total unexpended at end of month _ 4, 520. 60 6,239.49 4, 674. 30 7, 060.11 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable_----- 1, 882. 23 2.65 8.05 6. 88 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ _..._....... 1,906.07 --- 1 1 1 I Total outstanding .-- _- 1, 882. 23 ------__________ 1,908.72 8.05 6.88 Balance available at end of month__ 2, 638. 37 4, 330. 77 4, 666. 25 7, 053. 23 44Amount reported is covered by allotment of Jan. 15, 1930, Serial No. C-5662, ED.-7402-A (Miss. IR.) 408. 45Includes outstanding claims for reimbursement amounting to $0.35. 2172 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Emergency floo control on trilbutaries of Mississippi River--Statement of oon- dAtion of appropriations and allotments, June 1930--Continued 30, MEMPHIS ENGINEER DISTRICT-Continued Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River Relocation and construc- Levees on tion of levee, Little Red Arkansas River, Ark. River, Ark- (levee dis- Conway Expended tricts Nos. levee district allotments 1, Con- Total 1 and 2) (act No. way, Ark. May 29, (near Menifee, 1928) Ark.) (act May 29, 1928) Amount expended on present project to end of - last fiscal year..------------------------------ $16, 851.80 $84. 75 48 $41, 155. 62 $346, 048. 73 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year _- 10, 296. 20 19, 915. 25--- -________ 212, 234. 89 Amount allotted present fiscal year-............. ............--------------.....------------------------.......... 189, 650.00 Amount to be accounted for.... ___ 10, 296. 20 19, 915. 25---------- - 401, 884. 89 Deductions _ ---------------------------- .----- 478, 744.64 -------------------------- 87, 489. 42 Net amount to be accounted for .......... 1, 551. 56 19,915.25 -----__------ 314, 395. 47 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month ...... 1, 551.56 19, 864. 63 -....... 172, 612. 58 .. Present month___________________.__. ___ ...... 0. 40 3, 984. 66 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year--------------- 1, 551. 56 19, 865. 03 ------------- 48176, 597. 24 Net expenditures this fiscal year... 1, 551. 56 19, 865. 03--------------176, 597.24 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury, United States .._________ .2 ----------.---- _-- _ 94,434.99 In hand ... .... .... ... ............... .. .-- 50. 22. ... -....... 43, 363.24 Total unexpended at end of month .----- -- - - - 50. 22 ..---- 137,798.23 .------ Outstanding liabilities at end of month less accounts receivable ._... .___..... ....____ - -- - - - _- 2, 803.35 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts--.-- --------- ___--- ----- ~---- _. -------- 51, 054.48 Total outstanding_....................... -------------------------------------- S53, 857. 83 5,873 Balance available at end of month-------- 50.22 ....... - 83, 940. 40 48 Levees, maintenance and repairs: Arkansas River, Ark., $31,19.62; St. Francis, Ark. and Mo., $8,000; Dunklin Co. levee districts Nos. 2 and 25, St. Francis River, Ark., $1,500; investigating damages to levees, Neosho (Grand and Verdigris Rivers), Kans., $500. 47 Amount reported is covered by revocation of allotment of Feb. 20, 1930, Serial No. C-5725, ED.-7402- A (Miss. R.) 427. 4s All items on current financial statement not marked with footnote include outstanding claims for reimbursement amounting to $0. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2173 Emergenoy flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River-Statement of on- dition of appropriationsand allotments, June 30, 1930---Continued VICKSBURG ENGINEER DISTRICT Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mis- sissippi River, deficiency act of May 29, 1928 Red River Hempstead Locopolis Ortonlevee Ogdenlevee (Lafayette County drainage district,district, County) levee dis- district, Red River, Red River, levee dis- trict No. 1, Tallahatchie Ark. (near Ark. (near trict No. 1, Red River, River, Texarkana, Texarkana, Arkansas Ark. (near Miss. (near Ark.) Ark.) (near Ful- Fulton, Charleston, ton, Ark.) Ark.) Miss.) Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year____----_-- --- $5, 055. 98 $5, 931. 61 $7, 262. 42 $10, 087. 33 $1,463.63 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year------------------------------------ 1, 644. 02 2, 368. 39 1,421.20 1, 82. 67 1, 036.37 Amount to be accounted for-......... 1, 644. 02 2, 368. 39 1,421.20 1.812. 67 1, 036. 37 --------------------------- Deductions._ 49 1, 552. 41 492, 368. 39 491,421.20 4o1,812. 67 49 473. 65 Net amount to be accounted for..... 91. 61 ------...---..------------------------ 562.72 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month.. 91.61 ----------- ------------ ------------ 562.72 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year_ _ ------- 91.61 562.72 ------------------------------- Net expenditures this fiscal year..... 91. 61 S --- 562.72 .....-------- 4oRevoked June 20, 1930, Serial No. C-6065, ED-7042-A (Miss. R.) 508. 2174 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. 1930 Emergenoy flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River-Statement of oon- dition of appropriations and allotments, June 30, 1930-Continued VICKSBURG ENGINEER DISTRICT--Continued Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River, deficiency act of May 29, 1928-Continued Panola- Newsum Farelly Quitman Lake Lake levee drainage drainage district, district, district, Arkansas Tallahatchie Tallahatchie Expended Total River (near River, River, Gillette, Miss. (near Miss. (near Ark.) Marks, Marks, Miss.) Miss.) Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year__ $6, 825. 69 $2, 454. 86 $9. 40 50 $20, 416. 38 51 $59, 507. 30 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year---------------------------------- 41, 974. 31 21, 045.14 9, 990. 50 -------------- 81, 292. 70 Amount to be accounted for...... 41, 974. 31 21, 045. 14 9, 990. 60 -------------- 81, 292. 70 Deductions.------------------------- ...... __ __...._._ _ .- .__ 492, 985. 83 - 10, 614. 15 Net amount to be accounted for_ -- 41, 974. 31 21, 045. 14 7, 004. 77 -------------- 70, 678. 55 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this monthli 37, 786. 77 15, 066. 48 7, 004. 77- - - 60, 512. 35 Present month ......--- -469. 43 - - -469. 43 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year __--------- __ 37, 317. 34 15, 066. 48 7, 004. 77 - 5260, 042. 92 Net expenditures this fiscal year__ 37, 317. 34 15, 066. 48 7, 004. 77 .53 60, 042. 92 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury, Ulited States-....... 3, 800.00-----....-- ---------------- -- 3,800.00 ---- --------------- In hand -....-- 856. 97 5, 978 66 ----------------------- 6, 835. 63 Total unexpended at end of month.-___..-- - ..-__ -..-- - 4, 656. 97 5,978. 66 ------------------------- 10, 635. 63 Amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts. 3, 010. 00 5, 978. 66 ...---------- -------------- 8, 988. 66 Total outstanding 3, 010. 00 5, 978. 66 ............ 8, 988. 66 -I I :1 Balance available at end of month_ I 1, 646. 97 .......- 1, 646. 97 4 o Revoked June 20, 1930, Serial No. C-6065, ED-7042-A (Miss. R.) 508. 50Expended allotments: Bossier levee district, Red River, La. (near Shreveport, La.) ------------------- .... $10, 416. 38 Arkansas River (north bank) Ark. (near Gillette, Ark.) ------------------------ _ 7, 500. 00 Yazoo River, Miss. (near Yazoo City, Miss.)_--------------------------------- 2, 500.00 Total expenditures -------------------------------------------------- 20, 416. 38 51Includes $10,000 expended for work under direction of the Mississippi River Commission as follows: Arkansas River (north bank), Ark. (near Gillette, Ark.), $7,500; and Yazoo River, Miss. (near Yazoo City, Miss.), $2,500. asIncludes outstanding claims for reimbursement amounting to $0. 53Expenditures not under supervision of Mississippi River Commission. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 2175 Emergency flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River-Statement of condition of appropriations and allotments, June 30, 1930 SECOND NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River Repair of Repair of Cypremort Cypremort Levee, Atcha- Protection Levee, Atcha- falaya River, work, south falaya River, La. (near bank of the Total La. (near Henderson, Red La.) (Port 8 0 River Henderson, La. [Act of 8 South Barre 80 La.) 0 [Act of Levee) Feb. 28, 1929] May 29, 1928] [Act of Feb. 28, 1929] Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year.. _.__ _ ___ _ _ _ . .. $10, 000. 00 $10, 000.00 Amount allotted present fiscal year .......... 81250, 000.00 2 $65, 000.00 83$12,00000 327,000.00 Amount to be accounted for ............. 250, 000. 00 65, 000. 00 12, 000. 00 327, 000. 00 Deductions. _-------- -------- - - - - - _- _-- S84 12, 000.00 12, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for ........ 250, 000. 00 53, 000. 00 12,000. 00 315, 000. 00 Gross amount expended: Present fiscal year prior to this month ....- 249, 533. 73 44, 009. 93 293, 543. 66 Present month__ . . ... ... . .. . 264. 62 8, 990. 07 2, 026. 88 11, 281. 57 Total gross amount expended this fiscal year .... - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - 249, 798. 35 53, 000. 00 2, 026. 88 85304, 825. 23 Net expenditures this fiscal year ... __ .. 249, 798.351 53,000.00 2,026. 88 304,825.23 Balance unexpended at end of month: In Treasury United States..-.............. 1.80 - - __ 1.80 In hand..-.............--............. 201. 65 1. 80 9, 973. 12 10,172.97 Total unexpended at end of month ...... 201. 65 -------------- 9, 973. 12 10, 174. 77 Outstanding liabilities at end of month less ac- counts receivable....._ ...................... --------------.--.----------- 404. 90 404. 90 Total outstanding...._____-_------ ____------........._ 404.90 404. 90 Balance available at end of month........ 201.65 . 9,568. 22I 9, 769. 87 80so Work under supervision of Mississippi River Commission. st Allotted Aug. 7, 1929, serial No. C-5336, Ed. 7402 A (Miss. R.) 288 and P-3241-149, under deficiency act of May 29, 1928, and section 7 of flood control act of May 15, 1928, providing for an appropriation of $5,000,000 as an emergency fund. 82 Allotted Jan. 4, 1930, serial No. C-5613, Ed. 7402 (Miss. R.-Atchafalaya flood way) 120, act of Feb. 28, 1929. Approved by the Secretary of War Jan. 2, 1930. 83Reallotted June 14, 1930, serial No. C-6057, Ed. 7402 A (Miss. R.) 502, act of Feb. 28, 1929, having been transferred from the allotment for "Repair of Cypremort Levees, Atchafalaya River, La." (Port Barre South Levee near Henderson, La.). 8 Revoked June 14, 1930, and reallotted. See footnote W above. 86Includes outstanding claims for reimbursement amounting to $0.00. EXAMINATION AND SURVEY REQUIRED BY THE ACT OF MARCH 3, 1921 The commission was charged with the duty of making a prelimi- nary examination and survey provided for by the act of March 3, 1921 (Public, No. 372, 66th Cong., 3d sess.), of Atchafalaya, Black, and Red Rivers in Louisiana, for protection from flood waters of Missis- sippi River, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received. 11714---ENG 1930- 137 2176 Bar POF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. ARMY, 1930 PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THE CONGRESSES OF NAVIGATION 1. By an act approved June 28, 1902, Congress appropriated the sum of $3,000 per year for the support and maintenance of the Per- manent International Commission of the Congresses of Navigation and for the payment of the actual expenses of the properly accredited national delegates of the United States to the meetings of the congresses and of the commission. The object of the association is the promotion of inland and maritime navigation by means of organized congresses and the publication of pertinent information. Its headquarters are in Brussels, Belgium, but the congresses are held in various countries upon invitation. 2. The membership of the association comprises three general classes-government, corporate, and individual. Governments are represented by delegates, the number of delegates being based on the amounts received annually from such governments and their na- tionals for the expenses of the commission. Corporate membership may include the privilege of representation by delegate or not, ac- cording to the amount of the annual subscription paid by the holder of each membership of this class. Life individual membership may be secured upon the payment of a single fee, or ordinary individual membership upon the payment annually of a fixed fee. 3. The general affairs of the association are managed by a per- manent commission with the assistance of the permanent council. The commission is composed of delegates from the contributing governments, and the council from the members of the permanent commission, the representation in each case being according to the amount of the annual contribution. 4. During the fiscal year the United States was represented on the permanent commission by Lieut. Gen. Edgar Jadwin, United States Army, retired, chairman of the American section; Maj. Gen. Harry F. Hodges, United States Army, retired, until his death on Septem- ber 24, 1929; Maj. Gen. Harry Taylor, United States Army, retired, until his death on January 27, 1930; Rear Admiral F. T. Chambers, Civil:ngineer Corps, United States Navy; Maj. G. R. Young, Corps of Egipeers, United States Army; Brig. Gen. Charles Keller, United States Army, retired; Col. Spencer Cosby, United States Army, retired; Mr. J. Spencer Smith, president of the Board of Commerce and Navigation of the State of New Jersey; Mr. Roy Miller, active vice president of the Intracostal Association of Louisiana and Texas; and Lieut. Col. James J. Loving, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, who also served as secretary of the American section. Steps will be taken early in the next fiscal year to fill existing vacancies in the council and the commission. 5.A meeting of the commission was held at Brussels, Belgium, on May 26 and 27, 1930, and the United States was represented by Col. Spencer Cosby, United States Army, retired, and Lieut. Col. Edmund L. Daley, Corps of Engineers, United States Army. It has been decided to hold the fifteenth congress in Italy in the latter part of September, 1931. The matter of securing engineers and specialists to prepare papers upon the subjects to be considered at that congress has received attention, and it is expected that there will INTEROCEANIC CANAL SURVEY 2177 be papers by American writers on practically all subjects before that congress. 6. Copies of the semiannual bulletins and other publications, printed in English, were received from the office in Belgium and distributed to the American members. 7. The expenditures during the year from the above appropriation amounted to $1,536.63, of which $1,000 were for the support and maintenance of the association, being the regular annual contribution for that purpose, and the balance was for the payment of traveling expenses of delegates from the United States and for miscellaneous office expenses. The outstanding obligations at the close of the year amounted to approximately $500 and were for the expenses of one of the delegates to the spring meeting of the commission. INTEROCEANIC CANAL SURVEY Public Resolution No. 99, Seventieth Congress, dated March 2, 1929, authorized the President to cause to be made under the direction of the Secretary of War and the supervision of the Chief of Engineers, and with the aid of such civilians as the President should deem advisable, investigations and surveys to determine the additional facilities needed at the Panama Canal, as well as an investigation and survey of any other route for a ship canal between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The President designated as members of a board to be known as the Interoceanic Canal Board, to aid the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers in these investigations and surveys, Lieut. Gen. Edgar Jadwin, United States Army, retired (chairman); Col. Ernest Graves, United States Army, retired; Mr. Sydney B. Williamson, civil engineer; Dr. Anson Marston, civil engineer; and Mr. Frank M. Williams, civil engineer. Upon the subsequent death of Mr. Wil- liams, Mr. R. G. Finch, civil engineer, was appointed to replace him. The President also authorized a battalion of Engineer troops to be sent to Nicaragua to perform field surveying. The governor of the Panama Canal has been charged by the Sec- retary of War with the necessary investigations and surveys with reference to increasing the capacity of the Panama Canal. The field survey in Nicaragua is being made under the super- vision of Maj. Dan I. Sultan, Corps of Engineers, by a battalion of Engineer troops commanded by Maj. Charles P. Gross, Corps of Engineers, and the operations include extending and checking the topographical surveys made 30 years ago, collecting additional hydro- graphic data, resurveying the harbors and making subsurface ex- plorations to ascertain the best alignment and location for structures for a canal of greatly increased dimensions as compared with those proposed in 1901. Preliminary plans and estimates are being made for a canal of suitable dimensions for the larger commercial vessels and increased traffic of to-day and that may reasonably be anticipated in the future. The use of Engineer troops in the field has resulted in a material saving as to cost, and in training the officers and soldiers in taking care of themselves and in exercising resourcefulness, under the strenuous conditions existing in a tropical jungle. The sum of $150,000 was appropriated by the second deficiency act approved March 4, 1929, of which $51,196.42 has been expended. 2178 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 REPORT OF BOARD ON EXPERIMENTAL TOWBOATS FOR MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES In compliance with the river and harbor acts approved June 25, 1910, and July 27, 1916, a board of engineer officers was appointed for the purpose of carrying out their provisions. Personnel of the board.-Under Special Orders Nos. 8 and 20, War Department, office Chief of Engineers, dated February 11 and April 16, 1928, respectively, the following were detailed as members: Lieut. Col. George R. Spalding, Lieut. Col. Jarvis J. Bain, Maj. C. L. Hall, Maj. John C. Gotwals, Maj. G. R. Young, Capt. John C. Drink- water, and the members of the previous board were relieved. Special Order No. 41, War Department, office Chief of Engineers, dated July 13, 1929, dissolved the board which was appointed by Special Orders Nos. 8 and 20 of 1928, and in lieu thereof the following mem- bers were detailed: Lieut. Col. George R. Spalding, Lieut. Col. Jarvis J. Bain, Maj. Charles L. Hall, Maj. John C. Gotwals, Maj. Gordon R. Young, Senior Engineer Carl H. Giroux. At the end of the year the members of the board were unchanged. Description.-The river and harbor acts approved June 25, 1910, and July 27, 1916, provided for the design and construction of two experimental towboats with a complement of suitable barges and necessary loading and unloading facilities for towing and delivering supplies along the Mississippi River and its tributaries, and in mak- ing the design for such boats the types of boats in use for similar purposes on nontidal rivers in this and other countries shall be in- vestigated and considered. Existing project.-To design and construct two experimental tow- boats of modern but different types with a complement of suitable barges and necessary loading and unloading facilities for towing and delivering supplies along the Mississippi River and its tributaries, and in making designs for such boats the types of boats in use for similar purposes on nontidal rivers in this and other countries shall be investigated and considered. The project is authorized by section 1 of the river and harbor act approved June 25, 1910, and section 1 of the river and harbor act approved July 27, 1916. The preliminary report of the board is printed as House Document No. 857, Sixty-third Congress, second session, and supplemental report is printed as House Document No. 108, Sixty-seventh Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The second supple- mentary report on investigations of the board on experimental tow- boats for Mississippi River and tributaries, approved and submitted by the board on June 17, 1929, was mimeographed and copies dis- tributed during the month of September, 1929. No official meeting of the board was held during the fiscal year. Miscellaneous data re- ceived as to types of boats were circularized to the various board members for consideration and study. The cost of new work was $1,888.20; the expenditures were $1,922.08. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The Second Supplementary Re- port was prepared late in fiscal year 1929 and distributed to inter- ested parties during fiscal year 1930. This report is supplemental to the reports of FeIbruary 20, 1914, and March 2, 1921. Scope of ~arrent pprt-fThe following were among the more important items consilered: FEDERAL WATER POWER ACT '217 (a) A summation of previous reports and studies. (b) The study of the best modern practice in water transportation on the Mississippi River and its larger tributaries. (o) The economic composition and draft of tows for long haulage of vario bulk cargoes. (d) Model tests of individual barges, fleets, and towboats, and handling, taking into consideration the dimensions of channels, velocities of flow, clear- ances of bridges, sizes of lock and other physical characteristics of the rivers concerned. (e) Application of conclusions to river improvements. (f) Summary of the board's conclusions. The board has reserved for further study the subjects of short haulage and intermill ferriage, and proper handling of lesser tows, together with towboat design and' terminal facilities. The total cost has been $438,161.08, of which $414,919.11 was for new work and $23,241.97 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $438,161.08. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 $-------------------- $414,919. 11 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_--__--_---_ _____-__- 23, 241. 97 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--- 438, 161. 08 Net total expenditures____ --------------------- 438, 161.0S Unexpended balance June 30, 1930--------------------------- 61,838.92 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930_--------__ _ 500, 000.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work .....---------------------- $3, 753. 82 ------------ $575. 14 $1, 441. 79 $1, 888.20 Cost of maintenance ----------- -------------------------- 87. 70 . Total cost.._-----.------------ 3, 753.82------------ 6662.84 1,441.79 1,888.20 Total expended-..---.-------------- _- 3,753. 82 . 453.86 1,616.89 1,92208 ~iSL.• ~. Allotted ------------ ----------------------------------------.... I- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 -- -------- --- $63,761. 00 Gross amount expended ---------------------------- 1, 922. 08 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------- ---- 61, 838. 92 INVESTIGATIONS AND SUPERVISION OF PROJECTS UNDER THE FEDERAL WATER POWER ACT The Federal water power act of June 10, 1920, created the Federal Power Commission, composed of the Secretary of War, Secretary of Interior, and Secretary of Agriculture, with authority to grant per- mits and licenses for hydroelectric developments in all waters over which Congress has jurisdiction. The act further required that the work of the commission be performed by and through the Depart- ments of War, Interior, and Agriculture, and their engineering, technical, and other personnel, except as may be otherwise provided by law. By the act of June 23, 1930, entitled "An act to reorganize the Fed- eral Power Commission," sections 1 and 2 of the Federal water power act of June 10, 1920, were amended. A commission was provided 0 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 for to be composed of five commissioners to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of. the Senate. The necessity of performing the work through the Departments of War, Interior, and Agriculture, was also removed and the commission authorized to appoint such officers and employees as are necessary in the execution of its functions. The law also provides that no water-power license affecting the navigable capacity of any navigable waters of the United States shall be issued until the plans of the dam or other structures affecting navigation have been approved by the Chief of Engineers and the Secretary of War. There is further provision whereby any person or corporation intending to construct project works in any stream over which Congress has jurisdiction, other than navigable waters, may file a declaration of intention for the purpose of ascertaining whether or not the jurisdiction of the Federal Power Commission will attach. To July 1, 1929, only work of an engineering nature had been re- ferred to the War Department by the commission. During this period the following work had been performed by the Engineer Department : Engineering reports submitted------------------------------------ 248 Public hearings held------------------------------ -------------- 65 Licenses and permits referred for field supervision--,_-- --. 110 Licenses and permits referred for supervision of stream gaging---------- 2 Declarations of intention referred for report ----------------------- 116 Reports submitted on declaration of intention------------------------116 During the past fiscal year work of an engineering nature has been assigned and accomplished as follows: Engineering reports requested--------------------------------------12 Engineering reports submitted------------------------------------- 18 Public hearings held---------------------------------------------- Field investigations still in progress--_________-_________________ 18 Licenses and permits under supervision----------------------------- 67 Declarations of intention referred for report--------------------------- 1 Reports submitted on declaration of intention or applications considered as declarations 0------------- Declarations of intention still under investigation _-----------__o-__ 0 During the past fiscal year, in addition to the duties noted above; certain work pertaining to accounting and related matters has been assigned to the War Department, as indicated in the following table: Number of projects on which supervision of all accounting work, including the supervision of preparation and the verification and certification to the commission of statements of cost of original project and of all additions thereto and betterment thereof and of all annual operating and financial reports requested by the commission has been assigned_______________ 4 Number of projects on which supervision of certain accounting and related work during the construction period only has been assigned----------- 12 Special reports relating to accounting work requested_________--------- 5 Special reports relating to accounting work rendered______________-____ 4 At the end of the fiscal year 25 preliminary permits and 42 licenses, all except 1 for major projects, were under supervision of the Corps of Engineers. This total is about 43 per cent of the number of major projects under license or permit before the commission on June 30, 1930. The total estimated installation capacity of all projects under iniestigation and supervision is 15,559,000 horsepower, or about 40 pe cent of the capacity of all similar cases before the commission. MISCELLANEOUS CIVIL WORKS 2181 Reports have been submitted on four important cases on the Cum- berland River, Ky., on which no action has been taken by the com- mission, and at the instance of the commission action on three cases in the Tennessee River Basin is awaiting primary action by the State authorities to determine conflicts and to decide on the advisability of issuance of certificates of convenience and necessity. The War Department has assigned for duty with the commission during the fiscal year three engineer officers, one being detailed as chief engineer of the commission. The necessary expenses of transportation and subsistence of per- sonnel engaged in investigations and the cost of supervision under the provisions of the Federal water power act are paid from appro- priations made for the Federal Power Commission. All other costs of administration of the laws in question are paid from funds avail- able for maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor work. During the fiscal year funds were allotted as follows for the inves- tigation of water-power projects in cooperation with the Federal Power Commission and the supervision of operations under water- power permits and licenses: From appropriations for the commission-----------------_ $3, 926. 44 From appropriations for works of river and harbor' improvements-- 25, 330. 92 Total---------------------------------------------_ 29, 257. 36 The department also has under supervision 43 power projects con- structed under authority of acts of Congress prior to the creation of the Federal Power Commission, with an installed capacity of about 830,000 horsepower. ABANDONMENT AND CURTAILMENT OF RIVER AND HARBOR PROJECTS Abandoment and curtailment of river and harbor projects.-By resolution of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, House of Rep- resentatives, dated April 18, 1930, a review of reports on "Abandon- ment and Curtailment of River and Harbor Projects" printed in House Document No. 467, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session, with a view to determining whether any changes in the recommendation made therein are advisable at the present time, is requested, and report thereon will be submitted as soon as practicable. MISCELLANEOUS CIVIL WORKS In addition to the work of improving rivers and harbors, civil works of a miscellaneous character as listed below have been com- mitted to the Corps of Engineers. Reports thereon are found at the pages indicated. Alaska Board of Road Commissioners, supervision of work of (p. 2248). District of Columbia : Anacostia Park, reclamation and development (p. 2200). Water supply, maintenance of Washington Aqueduct (p. 2206) and construo- tion of work for increasing supply (p. 2218). International boundary waters (p. 2233). Lake Memphremagog, International Board (p. 2235). Lake of the Woods, regulation of level (p. 2240). 2182 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 30 Navigable waters of the United States: Anchorage grounds, establishment of, and regulations for (p. 2184). Bridging- Alteration of bridges (p. 2186). Construction and maintenance of bridges; approval of plans (p. 2186). Drawbridges, regulations for operation (p. 2185). Charting, and surveys, therefor, of Great Lakes, Lake Champlain, Lake of the Woods, and other boundary and connecting waters between that lake and Lake Superior, and natural navigable waters of the New York State canals (p. 2224). Harbor lines, establishment of (p. 2187). New York Harbor, supervision to prevent obstructive or injurious deposits (p. 2188). Regulations for use, administration, and navigation (p. 2183). Structures or work affecting, permits for (p. 2187). Wrecks, removal of (p. 2188). Niagara Falls, preservation of (p. 2236), and supervision of power companies operating at (p. 2237). Rainy Lake Reference (p. 2245). St. Croix River Board of Control (p. 2233). St. Lawrence Board of Control (p. 2240). Wakefield, Va., birthplace of George Washington (p. 2222). Appropriations.-The funds with which the miscellaneous civil works were prosecuted during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930, were derived as follows: For investigations, inspections, hearings, reports, service of notice, or other action incidental to examination of plans or sites of bridges or other struc- tures built or proposed to be built in or over navigable waters, or to examinations into alleged violations of laws for the protection and preserva- tion of navigable waters, or to the establishment or marking of harbor lines or establishment of anchorages, funds were allotted from river and harbor appropriatons in accordance with the provisions of section 6 of the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1905. These allotments, including $40,242.03 for the inspection and supervision of fishing structures, aggregated $528,217.33.1 For the removal of sunken vessels funds were allotted from the permanent indefinite appropriation made for the purpose by section 20 of the river and harbor act, approved March 3, 1899, amounting in the aggregate to $572,427.43, and from other appropriations $184,792.27, making a total of $757,219.70. For the other civil works funds to the amcunt of $4,200,847.16 were provided by special appropriations made by Congress in State Department, War Department, Deficiency, District of Columbia, and special acts, and also by contributions amounting to $196,815.22. Total, including allotments, $5,683,099.41. Ependitures.-The total expenditure for the fiscal year, exclusive of outstanding liabilities, amounting to $894,462.16, was $3,187,- 286.06. (Details concerning the amounts expended for particular works will be found in the special reports for those works.) Work accomplished.-The work of the fiscal year is summarized as follows: Navigation and bridge rules and regulations established or modified __. 20 Anchorages established or modified_________-_________________ 4 Harbor lines established or modified_--__----------__ __ --- ---- ___ 21 Bridge applications and plans approved by the Chief of Engineers and Secretary of War -------------------------------------------- 303 Bridges found obstructive and alteration ordered by the Secretary of War -------------------------------------------------------- Dams other than water-power structures. Plans approved by the Chief of Engineers and Secretary of War___, -----_ _------ 4 Sunken vessels investigated or removed---------------------------- 222 Permits issued for work or structures in navigable waters ---- ,, -- 3, 588 1This amount is included also in the general statement of expenditures from river and harbor appropriations. REGULATIONS TO GOVERN NAVIGABLE WATERS 2183 Harbor of New York: Supervision maintained, 35 violations of law reported for prosecution, 50 convictions obtained, 38 prosecutions pending at end of fiscal year. Anacostia Park: About 4.5 per cent of the project executed during the fiscal year; project about 66 per cent completed. Aqueduct Bridge: Substructure maintained. Washington Aqueduct: Water supply maintained without interruption; the average daily per capita consumption was 160 gallons; the average total con- sumption per 24 hours was 82,000,000 gallons, the maximum 102,220,000 gallons. Survey of northern and northwestern lakes: Revised editions of 33 charts were issued; about 22,672 charts were sold and 4,449 were issued for official use; field work was in progress on Lake Superior, Straits of Mackinac, St. Clair River, Lake of the Woods, and Lake Champlain. Preservation of Niagara Falls: The supervision of power companies was con- tinued. Wakefield, Va., birthplace of George Washington, monument and grounds cared for until March 31, 1930, when the work was transferred to the juris- diction of the National Park Service, Interior Department. FUNDS NEEDED FOR MISCELLANEOUS CIVIL WORKS The amounts which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931, as indicated in the respective reports, are as follows: Prevention of deposits, harbor of New York______________----_---- $193, 500 Survey of northern and northwestern lakes__ ____ __________---175, 000 Construction and maintenance of roads, bridges, and trails, Alaska__ 1,056, 000 (Expenditures to be paid from Federal and District of Columbia funds; recommended in estimates submitted by the Commissioners of the District of Columbia): Washington Aqueduct, District of Columbia ____-_________-__ $450,000 Reclamation of Anacostia River Flats, District of Columbia __. 180, 000 Total amount which can be profitably expended for miscella- neous civil works under the direction of the Chief of Engi- neers- -------------------------------------- 2,054, 500 REGULATIONS TO GOVERN THE USE, ADMINISTRATION, AND NAVI- GATION OF THE NAVIGABLE WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES Section 4 of the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, as amended by section 11 of the act of June 13, 1902, and section 7 of the act of August 8, 1917, delegates to the Secretary of War the duty of prescribing such regulations for the use, administration, and navi- gation of the navigable waters of the United States as in his judg- ment the public necessity may require for the protection of life and property or of operations of the United States in channel improve- ment, covering all matters not specifically delegated by law to some other executive department. Such regulations were prescribed by him during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930, as follows: South Pass, Mississippi River (sec. 5 of act approved March 3, 1909), August 8, 1929. (Supersedes regulations prescribed May 11, 1920.) Southwest Pass, Mississippi River (sec. 5 of act approved March 3, 1909), August 8, 1929. (Supersedes regulations prescribed May 11, 1920.) Waterway from Norfolk, Va., to the sounds of North Carolina, including the Dismal Swamp Canal, August 30, 1929. Cape Cod Canal, September 11, 1929. (Amendment to regulations approved May 4, 1928.) Wrangell Narrows, Alaska, February 8, 1930. Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters between Chatham, Mass., and Gardiners Point, Long Island, March 28, 1930. (Sec. 10 of act approved March 3, 1899.) 2184 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 30 Waters of San Francisco Bay, March 31, 1930. (Modification of regulation& approved March 24, 1927.) Chesapeake Bay, Md. and Va., May 19, 1930. (Sec. 10 of act approved March 3, 1899.) RULES AND REGULATIONS AUTHORIZED TO BE ESTABLISHED BY THE SECRETARY OF WAR UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF AN ACT OF CONGRESS APPROVED MAY 9, 1900, FOR THE NAVIGATION OF STREAMS ON WHICH THE FLOATING OF LOOSE TIMBER AND SACK RAFTS OF TIMBER AND LOGS IS THE PRINCIPAL METHODI OF NAVIGATION Under the provisions of the act of Congress approved May 9, 1900,. entitled "An act authorizing the Secretary of War to make regula- tions governing the running of loose logs, steamboats, and rafts on certain rivers and streams," whereon the floating of loose timber and logs and sack rafts of timber and logs is the principal method of navigation. No such regulations were prescribed during the fiscal year enided June 30, 1930. REGULATIONS FOR THE PROTECTION OF LIFE AND PROPERTY IN TARGET PRACTICE Chapter XIX of the act approved July 9, 1918, making appropria- tions for the support of the Army, authorizes and empowers the Secretary of War to prescribe such regulations as he may deem best for the use and navigation of any portion or area of the navigable waters of the United States or waters under the jurisdiction of the United States endangered or likely to be endangered by Coast Artil- lery fire in target practice or otherwise, or by the proving operations of the Government ordnance proving grounds at Sandy Hook, N. J., or at any Government ordnance proving ground that may be estab- lished elsewhere on or near such waters, and of any portion or area of said waters occupied by submarine mines, mine fields, submarine cables, or other material and accessories pertaining to seacoast for- tifications, or by any plant or facility engaged in the execution of any public project of river and harbor improvement. No such regu- lations were prescribed during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930. ESTABLISHMENT OF ANCHORAGE GROUNDS, AND RULES AND REGU- LATIONS THEREFOR, UNDER THE, PROVISIONS OF SECTION 7 OF THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED MARCH 4, 1915 Anchorage grounds were defined and established or modified by the Secretary of War, and rules and regulations in relation thereto were adopted by him during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930, as follows: San Francisco Bay, July 18, 1929. (Amendment to regulations approved March 24, 1927.) New Bedford Outer Harbor, Buzzards Bay, Vineyard and Nantucket Sounds, Mass., March 29, 1930. (Amendment to regulations approved April 16, 1923.) Kennebec River, at or near Bath, Me., April 29, 1930. Port of New York, June 4, 1930. (Modification of regulations approved August 8, 1922.) REGULATIONS TO GOVERN TRANSPORTATION 2185 RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE OPENING OF DRAW- BRIDGES Section 5 of the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, provides that it shall be the duty of all persons owning, operating, and tending the drawbridges then built, or which might thereafter be built, across navigable rivers and other waters of the United States to open ,or cause to be opened the draws of such bridges under such rules and regulations as in the opinion of the Secretary of War the public interests require for the passage of vessels and other water craft. Such rules and regulations were made by the Secretary of War during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930, as follows: Richardsons Creek, which connects Oatland and Whitemarsh Island, Chatham County, Ga., July 15, 1929. (Supplemental to general bridge regulations approved October 12, 1925.) Brazos River (diversion channel), near Freeport, Tex., September 10, 1929. (Supplemental to general bridge regulations approved October 12, 1925.) Santee River, between Charleston and Andrews, S. C.; Seaboard Air Line Railway Co.; September 21, 1929. (Supplemental to general bridge regula- tions approved October 12, 1925.) Atlantic Ocean, all navigable waterways discharging their waters into Atlantic Ocean, south of and including Back River, Va., and Gulf of Mexico, excepting the Mississippi River and its tributaries; October 11, 1929. (Supersedes general bridge regulations approved October 12, 1925.) Miakka River, near McCall, Fla.; Seaboard Air Line Railway Co.; October. 11, 1929. (Supplemental to general bridge regulations approved October 11, 1929.) Piscataqua River, between Portsmouth, N. H., and Kittery, Me., November 14, 1929. (Supersedes regulations approved June 27, 1923.) Youngs Bay, Walluski River, Lewis-& Clark River, Skipanon River, John Day River (Clatsop County),, Blind slough, and Clatskanie River, Oreg., November 23, 1929. (Supersedes regulations approved November 7, 1899.) Willamette River, at Portland, Oreg., Columbia River at Vancouver, Wash., and North Portland Harbor (Oregon Slough), January 18, 1930. Chattahoochee River, at Columbia, Ala., April 1, 1930. (Supplemental to general bridge regulations approved October 11, 1929.) Fore River, Portland Harbor, Me. (Vaughn Bridge and Portland Bridge), April 11, 1930. (Supersedes regulations approved February 23, 1910, and April 13, 1918.) Ocmulgee, Oconee, and Altamaha Rivers, Ga., April 29, 1930. (Supplemental to general bridge regulations approved October 11, 1929.) Black River, near Corning, Ark., May 16, 1930. (Supplemental to general bridge regulations approved April 4, 1907.) REGULATIONS TO GOVERN THE TRANSPORTATION AND DUMPING OF REFUSE MATERIALS Section 4 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, authorizes and empowers the Secretary of War to prescribe regulations to govern the transportation and dumping into any navigable water, or waters adjacent thereto, of dredgings, earth, garbage, and other refuse materials of every kind or description, whenever in his judg- ment such regulations are required in the interest of navigation. No such regulations were prescribed during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930. 2186 REPORT OF OHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 BRIDGING NAVIGABLQ WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES PLANS APPROVED BY THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS AND SECRETARY OF WAR DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1929 The approval by the Chief of Engineers and Secretary of War of plans of bridges to cross navigable waters of the United States is required by section 9 of the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899, and by the general bridge act approved March 23, 1906. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930, plans and maps of location of 303 bridges were approved after examination concerning their effect upon the interests of navigation. Approval in 79 cases was based upon the provisions of special acts of Congress, and in 224 cases upon the provisions of State laws. The local engineers were charged with the supervision of construction, so far as necessary, to see that the bridges are built in accordance with the approved plans. BRIDGES OBSTRUCTING NAVIGATION Whenever the Secretary of War has good reason to believe that a bridge is an unreasonable obstruction to the free navigation of navi- able waterways of the United States, section 18 of the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899, makes it his duty to give natice to the persons or corporations owning or controlling the structure to alter it so as to render navigation through or under it reasonably -free, easy, and unobstructed, first giving the parties reasonable opportunity to be heard. Under the provisions of that law a notice specifying necessary changes and a reasonable time for making them was issued during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930, requiring the alteration of the Southern Railway bridge across the Tombigbee River at Jackson, Ala. STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES IN THE NAVIGABLE WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES Section 9 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, requires that plans of dams, dikes, or causeways shall be approved by the Chief of Engineers and the Secretary of War before the work of construction is commenced. The Federal water power act of June 10 1920, transferred to the Federal Power Commission the issuance of licenses for dams for the development of power. Jurisdiction over dams to be used for other purposes continues in the Chief of Engi- neers and the Secretary of War. Section 10 of the same act prohibits the creation of any obstruc- tion not affirmatively authorized by Congress to the navigable ca- pacity of any of the waters of the United States, and makes it unlawful to build or commence the building of structures in such waters, or to alter or modify their course, location, condition, or capacity in any manner unless the work has been recommended by the Chief of Engineers and authorized by the Secretary of War prior to beginning the same. The costs of administration of the laws in question are paid in accordance with the provisions of section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, from any funds available for the improvement, maintenance, and operation or caie of waterways or harbors affected, or, if such funds are not ESTABLISHMENT OF HARBOR LINES 2187 available, then from any funds available for examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors. Many structures are placed in the open ocean or in other waters for the improvement of which no appropriations are available. A part of the cost of administra- tion, therefore, falls upon the general appropriation for examina- tions, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930, it was found necessary to allot for such expenses from appropriations for the waterways affected and from the general appropriation about $319,109.11. Of this amount the sum of $25,105.72 was expended in connection with the authorization and regulation of fishing structures, the most costly clas :with which theedepartment has to deal under this law. STRUCTURES AND OPERATIONS AUTHORIZED DURING FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1930, UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 10 OF THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT OF MARCH 3, 1899 Action was taken on about 3,583 applications for permits for vari- ous classes of structures and operations, including jetties, wharves, bulkheads, solid filling, and other reclamation works, shore protec- tion, pipe lines and water intakes, telegraph and telephone wires and cables, log booms, fish traps and pounds, dredging for sand and gravel, dredging for channel improvement, etc. ESTABLISHMENT OF HARBOR LINES Under authority given to the Secretary of War in section 11 of the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899, harbor lines have been established or modified during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930, at the following localities: Passaic River, from Mo:tclair and Greenwood Lake Railroad bridge, Newark, N. J., to the head of navigation at Passaic, N. J., August 7, 1929. Passaic River, between Grafton Avenue and the bridge of the Montclair and Greenwood Railroad Co., August 7, 1929. Hempstead Harbor, N. Y., August 8, 1929. Oakland Harbor, Calif., Tidal Canal from easterly end of Brooklyn Basin to San Leandro Bay, August 14, 1929. Newtown Creek, N. Y., September 16, 1929. Sheepshead Bay, N. Y., September 23, 1929, New Haven Harbor, Conn., October 7, 1929. Bridgeport Main Harbor, Poquonock River, Yellow Mill Pond, and Johnson's River, Conn., November 1, 1929. Anacostia River, at Washington, D. C., December 9, 1929. East River, N. Y., between East Fifty-fourth and East Fifty-seventh Streets, December 9, 1929. Newark Bay, between Bayonne and Jersey City, N. J., December 9, 1929. Delaware River, at Red Bank, N. J., between Greenwich Point and Schuylkill River, February 5, 1930. Hudson River, from Sixty-fifth to Seventieth Streets, Manhattan, February 5, 1930. Charles River, Mass., March 17, 1930. Norfolk Harbor, Va., April 15, 1930. Illinois River, at Peoria, Ill., April 28, 1930. Kill Van Kull, at Bodine Creek, Staten Island, May 15, 1930. Everett Harbor, Washington, May 15, 1930. Los Angeles Harbor, West Basin, May 21, 1930. Hudson River, below Albany, from Cabbage Island to Van Wies Point, May 24, 1930. Oakland Harbor, Calif., Tidal Canal, North Arm of San Antonio Estuary, June 5, 1930. 2188 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 REMOVING SUNKEN VESSELS OR CRAFT OBSTRUCTING OR ENDAN- GERING NAVIGATION SSections 19 and 20 of the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899, authorize the Secretary of War to remove any sunken vessel, boat, watercraft, raft, or other similar obstruction endangering or obstructing navigation in the navigable waters of the United States. By order of the Secretary of War dated January 20, 1905, the dis- trict engineers, Engineer Department at Large, are charged with local responsibility for such work as agents of the Secretary of War. Under a plan approved by the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Treasury in March, 1913, provision is made for cooperation of the Coast Guard with district engineers in the execution of that duty. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930, 150 sunken vessels and obstructive craft were removed at a cost of $549,969.19. SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK ,upervisor.-Capt. W. S. Anderson, United States Navy, May 31, 1929, to May 23, 1930; Capt. R. D. White, United States Navy, since that date. Under the provisions of section 5 of the act of June 29, 1888, entitled "An act to prevent obstructive and injurious deposits within the harbor and adjacent waters of New York City by dumping or otherwise and to punish and prevent such offeises" (25 Stats. 209), a line officer of the Navy is designated to discharge, under the direc- tion of the Secretary of War, the duties created by the act. On May 23, 1889, the Secretary of War directed that all communica- tions in connection with these duties be addressed to him through the office of the Chief of Engineers, and on February 1, 1890, he further directed that the powers conferred upon him by the act be exercised through the Chief of Engineers. LIST OF WORKS AND DUTIES Page Page Notices ------- ------ 2190 Floating plant--------------- 2194 Material moved ---. -- ------- Patrol--------------------- 2196 2197 Office--------- _-_-----____2194 Reporting violations of law-... 2198 Checking------------------- 2194 Oil pollution ----------------- 2195 Location and description.-The jurisdiction of the supervisor ex- tends to the tidal waters of the harbor of New York and its adjacent and tributary waters and those of Long Island Sound. For latest published map of the tidal waters of Long Island Sound and Fishers Island Sound see United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 52 and 1108. For latest published map of the tidal waters of New York Harbor and tributary waters, Newli k Bay, Staten Island Siind, etc., see United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 52, 309, and 1108; and for the Hudson River to Troy, see United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 281-284 and 369. O ria/,nal condition.-Formrly New York Harbor suffered such extensive deterioration front the indiscriminate dumping of dredg- SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEw YORK 2189 ings, garbage, ashes, and cinders from steam vessels and other waste matter in every part of the harbor and the waters connected with it, that it was found necessary in numerous instances to dredge and remove waste material from important channels at considerable expense to the United States. Previous projects.-Supervision of the harbor was authorized and the office of supervisor was created by the act of Congress approved June 29, 1888 (25 Stats. 209), mentioned above. Subsequent laws prescribing the duties of the Supervisor are described in a general way on pages 1891 and 1892, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1925, and are listed hereinafter under"" Existing project." The total expenditures to June 30, 1930, were $4,193,676.86. Existing project.-The laws and orders authorizing the existing plan of operations are as follows: June 29, 1888: Act of Congress (25 Stats. 209) amended by section 8 of act of May 28, 1908 (35 Stats. 424-426). May 23, 1889: Order of Secretary of War that communications on subjects of supervision be addressed to him through the Chief of Engineers. February 1, 1890: Order of Secretary of War that powers conferred on him concerning supervision be exercised through the Chief of Engineers. August 18, 1894: Act of Congress, section 2 (28 Stats. 360), prescribing that it shall be unlawful to engage in fishing or dredging for shellfish in any of the channels leading to or from the harbor, or to interfere in any way with safe: navigation of those channels by ocean steamships and ships of deep draft, and making it the duty of the supervisor to enforce the act. May 28, 1908: Act of Congress (35 Stats. 426). Prescribes method of mark- ing craft engaged in transporting dredgings and offensive material, the installa- tion of life-line and life-saving equipment on such craft, and the keeping of a list of men employed on the craft; amends provisions of section 3 of the act of June 29, 1888, relative to obtaining permits for dumping; extends powers :of supervisor to include arrest, with or without process, of persons violating provisions of the act; also to arrest witnesses to unlawful dumping; also to board craft for purposes of enforcing the law; also to enter for discovery pur- poses gas and oil works and other manufacturing works when there is good reason to believe that certain prohibited material is allowed to run into the harbor in violation of law. February 16, 1909: Act of Congress (35 Stats. 623). Amends provision of act of May 28, 1908, relative to marking of craft. October 17, 1917: Order of Secretary of War (War Department Bulletin No. 58) authorizing and directing the supervisor to take action for enforcing regulations for a restricted area in waters southeasterly of Sandy Hook to permit the testing of war material. June 10, 1919: Order of Secretary of War (War Department Bulletin No. 20) regarding supervision of "restricted areas." Limits restriction to Tuesdays and Thursdays. June 7, 1924: Act of Congress (" Oil pollution act, 1924," effective Sept. 7, 1924, Public, No. 238, 68th Cong.) to prevent the illegal discharge of oil from shipping in coastal navigable waters of the United States. The principal operations may be conveniently grouped under the following headings: (A) Issuance of notices. (B) Establishment of dumping grounds and lim'ts. (C) Patrol. (D) System of checking. (E) Floating plant. (F) Office. (G) Oil pollution. The general details cf the work are as follows: 2190 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 (A) ISSUANCE OF NOTICES Notices regarding the laws relating to the dumping of material in the harbor and adjacent waters of New York City are distributed from time to time, as necessity suggests, to various steamship com- panies, dredging contractors, and others engaged in handling mate- rial in the harbor, and are also posted in public places. The atten- tion of parties concerned is thus brought to the law and regulations. (B) ESTABLISHMENT OF DUMPING GROUNDS AND LIMITS Dumping grounds at entrance to harbor.-Limits have been des- ignated from time to time as follows: For material mixed with stone, up to size commonly known as " 1-man stones," not less than 3 nautical miles southeast of Scotland Lightship and in not less than 15 fathoms of water. For material containing floatable matter, not garbage or mixed with garbage or other offensive material, at a point not less than 4 nautical miles east- southeast of Scotland Lightship, in not less than 17 fathoms of water. For material containing stones of larger dimensions, commonly known as "derrick stones," at a point not less than 6 nautical miles southeast by east of Scotland Lightship, in not less than 19 fathoms of water. On June 24, 1923, the dumping ground for this class of material was changed to the loca- tion described above on account of shoaling at the 4-mile dumping ground previously used. For sewerage sludge, not less than 8 nautical miles east-southeast from Scotland Lightship, in not less than 15 fathoms of water. For poisonous material and explosives temporary. dumping grounds have been established at from 15 to 25 miles southeast of Scotland Lightship, depend- ing upon the character of the material, each individual case being given special consideration. In all such cases certificates are required from the responsible persons in charge that the material has actually sunk. The operation as a rule is supervised by a deputy inspector. For city garbage from April 14, 1929, to October 31, 1929, 20 nautical miles southeast by east from Scotland Lightship; from November 1, 1929, to January 15, 1930, 12 nautical miles southeast by east from Scotland Lightship; from January 16, 1930, to March 31, 1930, 8 nautical miles southeast by east from Scotland Lightship; from April 1 to April 15, 1930, 12 nautical miles southeast by east from Scotland Lightship; thereafter 20 nautical miles southeast by east from the lightship. For the city street sweepings, a considerable percentage of which goes to sea in the garbage scows, the same limits as were assigned for the deposit of the garbage were designated for this class of material during the periods specified. The sweepings consist of rubbish and light material apt to bridge when the dumper doors are opened and, as it is then impracticable to wind them up tightly, more or less debris escapes from the dumpers on the way back to the harbor. The supervisor has persistently endeavored to bring about the adoption of a more satisfactory method of disposal, and with the completion of the several new in- cinerators under construction, or projected by the city within the next two years, the greater part of the consumable rubbish should be disposed of in them. Soundings are frequently taken in the vicinity of the dumping grounds by patrol vessels to insure that plenty of depth is main- tained. Material dredged from Ambrose, Gedney, and other channels by United States dredges operating under United States Army Engineer officers is deposited under their supervision. SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK 2191 Ashes and rubbish from small craft plying the harbor.-The city charter provides for placing and maintaining at least two receiving scows at such points as the supervisor may designate. Easily accessible locations for such scows are difficult to secure, and the expense of maintenance is large. Many towing vessels and other- small steam craft plying the harbor are required to dispose of their ashes at scows at the city dumps along the water front, of which there are 21 available. Floating,debris and logs.-Where wharves or docks are under con- struction or where the removal of cribwork or piles is involved, the supervisor's office keeps as strict a supervision over the work as its facilities will allow and requires the responsible persons to remove such timbers to shore or to raft them. All of the patrol vessels have instructions to secure any large logs or floating derelicts coming under their observation and to tow them to some point out of the fairways. By present regulations the removal of floating debris and logs is: under the jurisdiction of the district engineer, first New York district. During the past fiscal year complaints were received of damage sustained by tow boats and other harbor craft from floating obstruc- tions of this nature. Special efforts of the supervisor's force were directed to apprehend offenders and to put a stop to the violations_ that have been largely the cause of present conditions. The result has been that four cases against contractors engaged in pier construc- tion were referred for prosecution, and a rigid supervision is exer- cised over all operations of this character in the harbor. New' York City garbage and refu~e.-From November, 1896, to, August, 1918, garbage was separated from the refuse collected by the street cleaning department of New York City and was disposed of by reduction at plants on Barren Island and Staten Island, the remainder being deposited at sea and for shore filling. The Barren, Island plant was destroyed by fire in 1917, and the Staten Island plant ceased operations about November, 1918. They were always objected to by the people in their neighborhood. About 12 years ago, at the request of the New York City commissioner of street cleaning, and at the urgent solicitation of the commissioner of health, the supervisor reluctantly authorized the disposal of city garbage at sea as a temporary measure. Since that date the greater part of the mixed refuse of the city is placed on deck scows and dumping scows. The deck scows are transported to Rikers Island,. where the material is deposited on shore for filling, and the dumpers are taken to the dumping ground at sea. The city government has, however, completed and placed several incinerating plants in opera- tion and is engaged on a program of incinerator construction that contemplates the abandonment of dumping garbage at sea. At pres- ent one of five deputy inspectors, whose salaries are reimbursed to* the supervisor by the contractor doing the towing for the city, accompanies each tow to sea and files a certificate that the deposit: was made at the point designated on the permit for the final disposi- tion of garbage. Rigid supervision is also made by the patrol vessels on the inside and outside stations over these tows to prevent illegal dumping by 11714--ENG 1930---138 2192 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1930 keeping them under observation until the legal dumping ground is reached. During the past fiscal year two entire scow loads were dumped short of the authorized dumping ground due to' collisions. These instances illustrate the fact that this objectionable material is occasionally dumped short, in spite of precautions to the contrary, and is an additional reason why such material should not be dis- posed of by dumping at sea. Although the point authorized for deposit of this class of material is 20 miles southeast by east from Scotland Lightship and is 20 miles from the nearest shore, complaints have been received from owners of property and from visitors along the New Jersey coast of rubbish and garbage coming in on the beaches, especially during northeast storms and protracted periods of easterly winds. The co- operation of the commissioner of street cleaning has been obtained to refrain as far as practicable from sending the scows to the dump- ing ground during these conditions of weather and to instruct the masters of the towing tugs strictly to observe warnings of the United States Weather Bureau with reference to storms and unfavorable winds. This may ameliorate the condition but will not do away with it. The only solution is to do away with dumping at sea. Through the cooperation of the health department of New York City the supervisor is informed by telephone when any quantity of imported fruit, vegetables, etc., is condemned by health inspectors and on what vessel such condemned material is to be transported to sea for disposition. This materially assists the supervisor who issues definite instructions to the shipmaster as to the minimum distance from the coast at which the material can be discharged, and requires him to enter in his official log book the geographical position of point of discharge. This has probably resulted in keeping quantities of garbage waste from being washed onto the beaches. Experience indicates that garbage dumped at sea, no matter at what distance from shore, is liable to wash up on the beaches. In addition, the towing of such material through the harbor is highly objectionable. It is probable that considerable garbage is dumped at or near the harbor entrance by the enormous traffic passing in and out of New York, and also that. local vessels throw more or less garbage over- board. Efforts are being made to stop this practice through exten- sive' circularizing of steamship lines and through constant inspection. Other violations consist of the discharge of garbage, table refuse, cargo dunnage, etc., from steaminlips while lying at their berths along the waterfront of New Yo ktI:larbor. It is gratifying to note that the number of sulc violations dlecreased fr in 55 reported for the fiscal year ending Juine 30, 19".!), to six drill"g the past fiscal year. This decrease is believed to b3 due to the vigilance of the inspection f orce togethler with l)romJnlt action taken by listrict at- torneys i cases rlpOrtctl to tlcil by the supervisor for prosecutio:L and also to ; ]iire cooperative spirit on the part of navigation in- terests. 1'ines have invariably been imposed on the owners of the vessels for these violations. It is gratifying to report that stnale hvip companies operating in this vicinity arranged a spe:i:al conference on the subject and adopted means for effecting a collj)!i:ance with these laws by their employees. SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK 2193 That they have proven effective is evidenced by the fact that but one violation from this source has been reported since that confer- ence. Dumping in Hudson River, Long Island Sound, and in kills and bays around Staiten Is7 and.- During the summer months much dredging is carried on to maintain channels to brickyards, ice houses, small manufactories, and other plants. Permits are issued for the disposition of such dredging spoil either on shore, above high-water mark and behind bulkheads, or at such points in deep waters of the locality as may prove least injurious and may meet with the approval of the United States engineer officer in charge of the district. (C) PATROL The project contemplates the maintenance of a constant patrol at the mouth of the harbor, days and nights, Sundays and holidays, with one vessel stationed at the Narrows to collect permits from vessels passing to sea and to observe the condition of loading, and another cruising at the dumping grounds, to note loading conditions again and. to keep tows under observation until the material is discharged at the prescribed point. The outside patrol vessel also sees to the enforcement of the pro- visions of the act of August 18, 1894, requiring the main channels to be kept free from smal craft engaged in fishing or dredging for shellfish, or in any way interfering with the safe navigation of these channels by ocean steamships or other vessels of deep draft. Strict water-front inspection is found necessary for the reason, among others, that contractors largely depend upon the lessees of water-front dumps and of scows to dispose of debris and excavated material, including a large amount of what is termed " cellar dirt," which is most injurious to the channels. Such operations consequently necessitate frequent inspections along the water front to ascertain the condition of the loads of the dumpers at the various dumping boards. Otherwise the dumpers might easily be hauled out in the stream during a fog or at night, the loads dis- charged, and the empty dumpers returned to the dumping boards ready for reloading. Continual inspection is also necessary of piers, shipping, and shore plants to prevent the throwing overboard of rubbish and waste resulting from the loading and unloading of cargoes, and the discharge of waste oil and sludge into navigable waters. One of the patrol vessels consequently inspects the water front, making reports of all scows or barges, loaded or light, coming under observation, and also makes inspections as occasion requires on the Hudson River and Long Island Sound. A launch is used for pa- trolling Staten Island Kills, Newark Bay, Passaic River, and various shallow tribultaries, and investigating pier building and other opera- tions where the depth of water is insufficient for the larger inspection boats. All patrol vessels maintain constant supervision over shipping and shore plants with respect to violations of the " oil-pollution act, 1924," )-ohibiting the discharge of oil on the navigable waters of the United States. 2194 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Two inspectors inspect the piers, shipping, and shore plants along the water front to note or warn against violations of the laws which the supervisor administers. As required by the provisions of the acts of Congress of May 28, 1908, and February 16, 1909, a strict surveillance is kept over the marking, equipment, etc., of scows or boats engaged in the transpor- tation of dredgings. (D) SYSTEM OF CHECKING The plan' of checking includes comparison of the quantity of mate- rial deposited, as shown by permits issued and collected, with the quantity gathered for transportation on the waters of the harbor, or actually being transported, as shown by the reports of the patrol vessels, and also as shown by such reports as can be obtained from those for whom dredging or excavation work is being done. Daily reports are made by the patrol vessels, and blank form "Re- ports of loading" with return franked envelopes are issued gratis to all for whom dredging work is being done, including private parties, corporations, and municipal, State, and Federal agencies and departments. Through the courtesy of the Lighthouse Department a daily report is made to the supervisor by the master of Scotland Lightship, giv- ing the time, and, when practicable, the names of all tows passing his station. This furnishes a valuable check on the reports of the patrol vessels. In all cases where the checking system.is inapplicable or can not be fully carried out, special efforts are made to the extent of the available force at the disposal of the supervisor, by frequent inspec- tions, to enforce the law. Where persistent or willful disregard for law and regulations is evident, the facts are reported to the United States district attorneys for such action as they may deem proper. (E) FLOATING PLANT The floating plant consists of five steam tugs and one launch. The volume of material moved and deposited 1under supervision has gradually increased and for the past fiscal year was approximately 70 per cent greater than the amount deposited in 1917. An addi- tional burden is placed upon the floating plant by the necessity of detecting and preventing the pollution of the waters by discharge of oil from shipping and from shore plants. The patrol vessels must remain at sea during severe weather, as illegal dumping is then most likely to occur. It is therefore necessary to keep the fleet in the highest state of efficiency. During the past fiscal year the con- struction of a seagoing steel steam tug to replace one of the patrol boats which has been in continuous service for 34 years was com- pleted. The new vessel, Argus, was placed in commission January 25, 1930, thereby greatly improving the facilities for patrol duty outside the harbor. The old vessel, the Scout, was sold. (F) OFFICE The force, consisting of chief clerk and four clerks, issues per- mits upon applications duly filed, keeps a record of all applications SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK 2195 and permits, records all reports of loading and disposition of ma- terials, issues proposals for supplies and repair and requisitions, attends to and files correspondence, keeps the property record, regu- lates tours of duty of the patrol vessels, prepares vouchers, and dis- burses funds. When violations of law are discovered the results of the investigations, if so warranting, are referred for action to the United States district attorney of the district wherein the violation occurred. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Effect of supervision.-Experience has shown that a relaxation of a strict patrol is sure to result'in injury to channels by illegal dump- ing and has emphasized the necessity of the drastic measures for their protection enacted by Congress. Enormous amounts of material are daily carried to sea by people who have little hesitation in dumping anywhere if they are not watched. It is apparent that an efficient patrol was never more needed than at the present time. There seems, however, to be a general effort on the part of contractors to comply with the law. (G) OIL POLLUTION The enactment by Congress of the " Oil pollution act, 1924," effec- tive September 7, 1924, has had an appreciable effect upon shipping in restricting the surreptitious discharge of oil waste from that source. The provisions of section 5 of this act, which gives author- ity to the board of local inspectors to suspend or revoke a license issued by any such board to the master or other licensed officer of any vessel found violating the provisions of the act, has had a salu- tary effect in curtailing the illegal discharge of oil by vessels of American registry in the vicinity of New York. The present conditions are very good as to oil pollution. Operations and results during fiscal year-Notices.-Notices in the form of copies of the law were distributed from time to time during the past fiscal year for the information and guidance of all concerned. A special notice giving the provisions of Federal law concerning penalties for the discharge of refuse, debris, sludge, acid, oil, or similar matter in the harbor or its adjacent waters, and calling atten- tion also to the rewards offered to informers, was widely circulated. Under date of April 23, 1930, a circular letter was addressed to all ocean-going steamship companies operating in and out of New York, reiterating the provisions of the law and the penalties for violating, and inviting attention to the fact that under the so-called police power, and also under admiralty jurisdiction, the authority of the Federal Government extends beyond the marine league a distance sufficient to protect dredged channels and to prevent contamination of coasts. The steamship companies were therefore directed to in- struct the personnel of their vessels not to discharge overboard within 25 miles of Ambrose Channel Lightship accumulated ashes, rubbish, or ballast water containing oil. Letters of similar import were cir- culated to all inland transportation companies and to all yacht clubs within the limits of the jurisdiction of the supervisor of the harbor. Gratifying support and cooperation were manifested in response to these letters, and an improvement in conditions resulted. 2196 REPORT OF CHIEF OP ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMYH 1930 Material moved.-The amount-of materio moved ad deposited under supervision was 27,828,565 cubic yards, making, the grand total from 1890 to June 30, 1930, 784,138,392 cubic yards. The num- ber of permits issued during the year was 8,936, the average number of tows daily to sea, 18, and the average number of scows daily to sea. 36. Details concerning the material moved at different localities are as follows: AMOUNT OF MATERIAL DEPOSITED (CUBIC YARDS) Material deposited at the mouth of the harbor under supervision: From 1890 to 1929------------- -------------------- 459, 238, 900 Fiscal year 1930-- Dredging from Jamaica Bay, Anchorage Channel, North River, South Amboy Chan- nel, Coney Island Channel, Bay Ridge, Gedney and Red Hook Channels, and Main- ship Channel---------------------- ---- 4, 262, 763 Other United States Government work ---------- 728, 591 Total resulting from Government work_ 4, 991, 354 Other material_ ____--____----------------- 9, 379, 040 Total for fiscal year 1930_-------------------- 14, 370, 394 Total from 1890 to 1930_ .- ----------------- 473, 609, 303 Material deposited behind bulkheads under supervision: From 1890 to 1929------------ ---------------- ------- 239, 068, 225 Fiscal year 1930 ____ -- -____ __--___--___9, 800, 251 Total-------------------------------------248, 868, 476 Deposited under supervision, garbage, dead animals, etc., at Barren Island for reduction- From date of operating of garbage-reduction plant in 1897 to June 30, 1929------------------------------ 5, 327, 546 Deposited in Hudson River at points agreed upon with the United States district engineer- From 1907 to June 30, 1929------------------------- 4, 334, 301 Fiscal year 1930---- --- -------- _________ ---- _____-- 267, 295 Total--------------------------------------- 4, 601, 596 Of this total amount 1,663,985 cubic yards resulted from operations by the United States. Deposited in Long Island Sound, Fishers Island Sound, Block Island Sound, and Little Narragansett Bay- From 1890 to June 30, 1929----------____ -___ -____ 44, 731, 157 Fiscal year 1930----------------------------------- 2,892, 382 Total -------------------------------------- 47, 623, 519 Deposited in East River, N. Y.- Stone resulting from operations of the United States- From 1890 to June 30, 1929_______ _________-_ 1, 705, 203 Fiscal year 1930_---------------------------------- 493, 883 Clay, sand, and stone over line of East River Tunnel- Fiscal years 1916, 1919, 1927, 1928, 1929_____________ 1, 904, 483 Fiscal year 1930 ---------------------------------- 4, 38) Total _--_-_____-- __ 4.107, 952 SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK 2197 Material deposited behind bulkheads under supervision--Contd. Total amount deposited under supervision at sea, Long Island Sound, Fishers Island Sound, Block Island Sound, Little Narragansett Bay, Hudson and East Rivers, behind bulk- heads and at Barren Island since establishment of office of supervisor to June 30, 199--------------------------- 756, 309, 82T Total amount deposited during the fiscal year 1930---------- 27, 828, 565 Total ------------------------------------- 784, 138, 392 The records show that the amount of material moved upon the waters of the harbor of New York under the jurisdiction of .the supervisor has increased from 9,711,141 cubic yards during the fiscal year 1890 to 27,828,565 cubic yards moved during the fiscal year 1930. The material moved during the past fiscal year, consisting of mud, sand, city refuse, garbage, cellar dirt, ashes, and other debris, was deposited outside the harbor at designated places and behind bulk- heads in the neighborhood of New York, as per the following recapitulation: Place of deposit Kind of material Amount Mouth of harbor, outside of Scotland Light- Mud, sand, city refuse, etc----------------- 14,370, 394 ship. Long Island Sound__.--------------------- Mud, shells, etc-----2-------------------, 883, 223 Fishers Island Sound .... -------------------- Mud and sand ---------------------------- 9, 139 Hudson River .......---------------- -------do-------------------------------- 267, 295 East River...... ---------------------------- Do__ __.-------------------------------- Stone, clay and riprap_---- Mud, dirt, ashes, etc., behind bulkheads --------------- 498,263 836,777 and on shore for filling. Hudson River--------------------------------do------------------------------- 2,165,323 Harlem River------------------------------do------------------------------------ -600 Passaic River --------- do------------------------------- ------.... 393,300 South River...------------------------------do---------------------------------575, 000 Hackensack River------------------------------ _do----- ------------------------------ 228726 New York Bay--- ------------------------- do-- ------------------------------- 105, 782 Newark Bay---- -------------------------- do---- -------------------------- 1, 739, 285 Jamaica Bay ------------------------------ do..... ---------------------------------- 4, 800 Long Island Sound-----.--------------------do----..... ----------------------------- 330, 000 Staten Island Sound..-----do------------------------------- 364, 573 Great South Bay---------------------------do ------------------------------- 1, 254, 785 Shrewsbury River---------------------__-----do ---------------------------------- 2,800 Rikers Island------------------------------ do----------------------- 1, 798, 500 Total .....------------------ ---------------------------------------------- 27, 828, 56 Patrol.-A constant patrol was maintained so far as possible, night and day, of New York Harbor and Bay as far at sea as 20 miles out- side of Scotland Lightship. Hudson River and East River were also patrolled. The launch patrolled the waters around Staten Island Sound and the waters of Newark Bay, Passaic, Hackensack, and Raritan Rivers. During the past fiscal year 259 pocket loads, or approximately 38,850 cubic yards, of material in transportation to the dumping grounds by contractors were checked as failing to clear at the proper point of deposit and the scows were kept under surveillance until returned to point of loading for remeasurement before loading. Two deputy inspectors make daily tours of inspection along the water front, visiting ships, piers, etc., and in general maintaining supervision over existing conditions. The cost of operating the vessels and of the work of the office for the fiscal year was $174,275.05. 2198 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 During the fiscal year various vessels were laid up for docking and repairs as necessity required. The Lookout was hauled out dur- ing the winter months in accordance with routine and for minor repairs. Office.-Operations were continued in accordance with the plan described under Existing project (F). Numerous violations of the law were reported to the proper United :States attorneys for prosecution. Details are as follows: -ACTIONS TO END OF FISCAL YEAR 1930 FOR VIOLATIONS OF ACT OF JUNE 29, 1888 AND ITS AMENDMENTS Number of cases reported to United States attorneys for prosecution: Prior to fiscal year 1930 6---------------- -687 During fiscal year 1930--------------------------------------- 35 Total --------------------------------------------------- 722 Number of convictions obtained or cases settled by compromise: Prior to fiscal year 1930--------- -- ___ - 513 During fiscal year 1930-------- -------------------------- 50 Total-------- ------------------------------------------ 53 Number of cases nolle prossed or discontinued: Prior to fiscal year 1930------ -- ----------------------- 107 During fiscal year 1930_ -- ____-__- - 5 Total------ -- --------------------------------------- 112 iNumber of cases dismissed after trial: Pr:or to fiscal year 1930--------------------------------------- 6 During fiscal year 1930_----------------------------------- 3 Total-- ---------------------------------------------- 9 Number of cases pending June 30, 1930-- - -___----_____- ____ 38 Total---------- ----------- ------------------------ 722 ACTIONS TO END OF FISCAL YEAR 1930 FOR VIOLATIONS OF ACT OF MAY 28, 1908 None. Condition at the end of the fiscal year.-General.-The total amount of material disposed of under supervision since 1890 is 784,138,392 cubic yards. Of this amount 517,340,775 cubic yards were deposited in navigable waters adjacent to New York City and in Long Island Sound. Proposed operations.-(a) The funds available, including balance of allotment of $174,360 made March 2, 1929 from appropriation for the " Preservation and maintenance of existing river and harbor works " will be expended in accordance with the existing project for maintenance and operation of the patrol system and for the work of the office as follows: For pay of inspectors, deputy inspectors, crews and office force and for maintenance of patrol fleet and expenses of office: Salaries and wages- ----- _--- $100,300 Fuel (coal, oil, water, gasoline) _ ----- 32, 760 Subsistence of crews-- -------- -___- - ---- 16, 800 Docking and repairs--------_ ___ __-------- 28, 461 SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK 2199 For pay of inspectors, etc.-Continued. Supplies, general---------------------------------------- $9, 000 Wharfage ------------------- 4, 000 Miscellaneous expenses_ ----____- ________---------1, 500 Total -------------------------------------------- 192, 821 (b) The approximate date when it is estimated funds will be exhausted is June 30, 1931. (c) The amount which can be profitably expended for the service for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 is as follows: For pay of inspectors, deputy inspectors, crews and office force and for maintenance of patrol fleet and expenses of office--------------- $193, 500 It is proposed to expend this amount in a general way as follows: Salaries and wages---------------------------------------- $107, 500 Fuel (coal, oil, water, gasoline) -------------------------------- 34, 000 Subsistence of crews---- -------------------------------- 17, 400 Docking and repairs------------- --------------------------- 20, 000 Supplies, general --------------------------------------------- 9, 100 Wharfage -------------------------------------------------- ___ 4, 000 Miscellaneous expense___-------------------------- 1, 500 Total ------------------------ 193, 500 Cost and finanial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930__________ __ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930----------------------$3, 947, 853. 32 3, 947, 853. 32 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 ----- - 249, 684. 80 Net total cost to June 30, 1930__-----------------------4, 197, 538. 12 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ----------------- 0. 00 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 _____--_________ 4, 197, 538. 12 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 _..____-____-_-----_ 3, 861.26 Net total expenditures ____________----- 4, 193, 676. 86 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930------------------------- 197, 737. 69 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 __---------- 4, 391, 414. 55 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of maintenance. . ..- --- --- - .......... ---------------- .... . -------- ---------- .... $174, 275. 05 Total expended----_- _---_-_----- _ $153, 945. 20 $161, 024. 17 $181,470. 86 $208, 236. 48 308, 964. 92 Allotted--.----------------------------- 220, 000. 00 175, 000. 00 174, 360. 00 317, 360. 00 174, 360.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-- ----------------------- $332, 342. 61 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930---------------------------------- ------ 174, 360. 00 Amount to be accounted for ________ --- _ 506, 702. 61 Gross amount expended------------------------$310,651.92 Less receipts from sales----------------------- 1, 687. 00 308, 964. 92 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930__ -------------------- 197, 737. 69 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930------- ------------------- 4, 916. 63 Balance available June 30, 1930----------------------- 192, 821.06 2200 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 -Accounts receivable June 30, 1930------- ------------------- $769. 96 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930-------------- 193, 591. 02 -Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June -- - - - - - --- - - -- - 30, 1932: For maintenance 1 193, 500. 00 APPROPRIATIONS Dates and amounts of appropriations for prevention of deposits, harbor of New York Total amount appropriated to and including June 5, 1920 ---- $2, 620, 979.94 Mar. 1, 1921 (deficiency) ------------------------------------ 1, 305. 85 Mar. 4, 1921--------------------------------- 99,246.72 June 30, 1922---------------------------------------- 108, 352. 62 Mar. 2, 1923 ------------------------------------ 172, 269. 42 Allotment from appropriation for "Maintenance and improve- ment of existing river and harbor works, act of June 7, 1924 (supervision of New York Harbor) "--------- ------------ 210, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act of Feb. 12, 1925-------------- ----------------------- ---- 163, 820. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act of Apr. 15, 1926------------------------------------------ 175, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act of Feb. 23, 1927- ------------------------------------------ 174, 360. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act of Mar. 23, 1928----------------------------------- ----- 174, 360. 00 Amount allotted for construction of patrol boat-----------------143, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act of Feb. 28, 1929------------------------------------------ 174, 360.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act of May 28, 1930 -- --- ---------------------- ---- 174, 360. 00 Total ----------------------------------------- 4, 391, 414. 55 ANACOSTIA PARK AND THE RECLAMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANACOSTIA RIVER AND.FLATS FROM THE MOUTH OF THE RIVER TO THE.DISTRICT LINE, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA District engineer: Maj. Brehon Somervell, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Lieut. Col. Henry C. Jewett, Corps of Engi- ineers, to October 27, 1929; Col. H. B. Ferguson, Corps of Engi- neers, since October 27, 1929. Location and desoription.-The Anacostia River rises in Maryland and flows about 20 miles in a southwesterly direction, emptying into the Potomac River at Washington, D. C., about 108 miles above its mouth. The upper 12 miles are nontidal, having an average fall per mile of about 15 feet; the lower 8 miles are tidal, with an average width between banks of approximately one-half mile. Its drainage area is 200 square miles. The low-water fluvial discharge at Bladens- burg (83/4 miles above the mouth of the river) is about 10 second-feet, and the high-water discharge at the same place about 15,000 second- feet. Freshets generally occur in the spring. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 560.) This project relates only to the lower 61/3 miles which is situated within the District of Columbia. Orginal condition.-Priorto improvement the channel was narrow and winding, and between the channel and the banks were extensive flats and marshes, which were alternately exposed and flooded by 1 Exclusive of available funds. ANACOSTIA PARK 2201 tidal action. In summer the flats were covered with a rank growth of aquatic plants, which prevented a rapid cleansing movement of the tide and caused deposits of mud and filth. The meadows, which were above ordinary high-water level, were flooded at varying in- tervals, whenever the water was raised by flood or easterly winds above normal level, and every depression retained a stagnant pool, a condition most favorable for the development of malaria. The controlling depths at mean low water were 15 feet at Anacostia Bridge, 12 feet at the Philadelphia, Baltimore & Washington Rail- road bridge, 8 feet at Benning Bridge, and 2 feet at the District line. The mean range of tide is 3 feet. The plane of reference is mean low water. Previous projects.-For the part of the project below the Ana- costia Bridge, which is also a river and harbor improvement, see Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1919, page 553, under heading "Existing project." For a description of the previous proj- ects for the improvement extending upstream from the Anacostia Bridge see Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1923, page 1990, under heading " Existing project." Existing project.-This provides for the improvement of the river and for the reclamation and development of the adjacent flats from the mouth of the river upstream to the District of Columbia bound- ary line, a distance of about 61/.q miles. It is proposed to dredge the river channel to a depth of 15 feet in the section between Anacostia Bridge and Massachusetts Avenue, to a depth of 9 feet from the latter point to Benning Road, and to preserve the present regimen of the stream between Benning Road and the District of Columbia line. The section from the mouth upstream to the Anacostia Bridge was dredged to a depth of 20 feet under a river and harbor project. The dredged material is to be used for fills on the flats and on the islands approximately as follows: At sections between the river and park boundary from elevation +6 at the water edge to +10 at the boundary or shore. At sections between the river and lake from elevation +6 at the water edge to +12 at a mid-point sloping down to +3 at the lake wall. At sections between lake and park boundary from elevation +3 at water edge sloping up to +10 at boundary or shore. On islands from elevation +3 at water edge to +6 or +8 in the center. All dredging to be of such depths as is necessary to balance the fills. To save expense in reclamation dredging, about 160 acres of marshland will be made available for refuse dumping. It is also proposed to construct a constant-level lake or lateral basin on the west side of the river to be known as Lake Kingman and a smaller lake on the east side of the stream. The normal surface elevation of the lakes is to be 2 feet above mean low tide, and they are to be dredged to a depth of 6 feet. A culvert or small bridge is to be constructed over Lake Kingman on the line of Benning Road, and a lock and bridge is to be built at the lower end of Lake Kingman. Influent and effluent gate-control works are to be pro- vided to maintain a constant level in both lakes. Masonry sea walls on a riprap substructure are to be constructed along the tidal channel of the river to extend 6 feet above mean low water; for the lakes the walls are to extend 3 feet above mean low water or 1 foot above the level of the lake. 2202 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIIY, 1930 A portion of the reclaimed, tract is to be set aside for develop- ment by the Agricultural Department for a national arboretum and botanical garden. A strip of water-front land on the right bank of the river between the Anacostia Bridge and the Pennsylvania Rail- road freight bridge is to be set aside for commercial purposes. The bridges at Benning Road over the main channel are not to be altered. The plane of reference is mean low water. The tidal ranges are: Mean, 3 feet; extreme, 4.5 feet; irregular, 7.5 feet. The estimated cost of the project is $4,125,000 (October, 1923). The acts of Congress authorizing and defining the present plan of improvement are as follows: District of Columbia appropriation act approved March 2, 1911 (36 Stats. 1005: authorizes preparation of plans by a board of engineers to consist of the engineer commissioner of the District of Columbia, the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds, and the engineer officer in charge of thd improvement of the Potomac River, and commencement of work. District of Columbia appropriation acts approved July 2, 1914 (38 Stats. 549), and March 3, 1917 (39 Stats. 1040), authorize acquisition of lands and assessment of benefits. District of Columbia appropriation act approved March 3, 1915 (38 Stats. 923), authorizes the Chief of Engineers to enter into contracts up to $100,000, exclusive of the amount appropriated. District of Columbia appropriation act approved August 31, 1918 (40 Stats. 950), extends the project to include the section from the mouth upstream to Anacostia Bridge and authorizes the use of previously appropriated funds for the reclamation aof this, section; designates the entire reclaimed area "Ana- costia Phrk," and declares it a part of the park system of the District of Columbia and makes assessments of benefits applicable to the added area. District of Columbia appropriation act approved July 11, 1919 (41 Stats. 99), authorizes, subject to certain restrictions, the taking of immediate possession of property to be acquired by condemnation, upon filing petition. Act making appropriations for the support of the Army, approved June 5, 1920 (41 Stats. 954), designates a portion of reclaimed area "Boiling Field." District of Columbia appropriation act approved February 28, 1923 (42 Stats. 1364), directs a review of the project. District of Columbia appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 (43 Stats. 572), adopts revised project and authorizes the expenditure of not more than $25,000 above Benning Bridge for the acquirement of the necessary land; and the District of Columbia appropriation act approved March 3, 1925 (43 Stats. 1246), contains the same proviso. The District of Columbia appropriation act approved May 10, 1926, author- izes the expenditure of not more than $25,000 above Benning Bridge for the ac- quirement of necessary land, provided that the purchase price shall not exceed the full-value assessment last made, plus 25 per cent of such assessed value. The District of Columbia appropriation act approved March 2, 1927, author- izes the expenditure of not more than $92,500 above Benning Bridge for the purchase of necessary land, provided that the purchase price shall not exceed the full-value assessment last made, plus 25 per cent of such assessed value. The District of Columbia appropriation act approved May 21, 1928, authorizes the expenditure of $180,000 for continuing the reclamation and development of the park in accordance with the: reTised plan set forth in Senate Document No. 37, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session. The District of Columbia appropriation act approved February 25, 1929, au- thorizes the expenditure of $180,000 for continuing the reclamation and devel- opment of the park in accordance with the revised plan set forth in Senate Document No. 37, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session. The District of Columbia appropriation act approved July 3, 1930, authorizes the expenditure of $330,000 for continuing the reclamation and development of the park, including not to exceed $150,000 for the purchase and condemia- tion of land, in accordance with the revised plan set forth in Senate Document No. 37, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session. The latest published map is found in Annual Report of Chief of Engineers, 1924, at page 1994. ANACOSTIA PARK 2203 Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Local cooperation.-The funds for this project have been appro- priated by the District of Columbia appropriation bills which, through the fiscal year ended June 30, 1920, provided for half of the expense to be borne by the District of Columbia. From that date to June 30, 1924, the expense was borne 60 per cent.by the District of Columbia and 40 per cent by the United States. Beginning July 1, 1924, the District of Columbia pays all required above the lump sum appropriated from United States Revenues. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities open to the public in the portion of the river covered by the reclamation project, which is all above the Anacostia Bridge. There are two small pri- vately owned wharves located just above the Anacostia Bridge on the city side which are not available to the public. Effect of improvement.-Sanitary conditions between the Anacos- tia and Benning Bridges have been improved. The reclaimed ground affords space for community gardens and areas for use of the Agri- culture Department. The city side of sections D and E, which has been set aside for commercial purposes, is partly occupied by boat and yacht clubs and lumber-yard storage. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. hydraulic pipe-line dredge Dalecarliawas engaged from July 1 to November 11, 1929, and from March 3 to June 30, 1930, in dredging Lake Kingman, section G, Anacostia River, depositing a total of 432,718 cubic yards (credited and gross) of material on the barrier and adjacent flats. The U. S. derrick boat Benning was engaged from July 1-to October 28, 1929, from February 24 to March 21, 1930, and from May 8 to June 30, 1930, in trenching for sea-wall foundation and building levees around the barrier and Lake Kingman, section G, handling 247,641 cubic yards of material. The U. S. derrick boat No. 4 was engaged from July 1 to 15, 1929, in building levees in section G, handling 1,885 cubic yards of material. The U. S. excavator No. 2 was engaged from October 9 to 29, 1929, building levees, section G, handling 8,825 cubic yards of material. The total cost of dredging and levee work was $82,582.69. A total of 52,583 cubic yards of select material was placed on the dump fills at Benning Road, the cost for inspection and supervision being $3,358.20. There were deposited for sea-wall foundations in navigation chan- nel, section G, 2,608.24 tons of riprap at a cost of $8,179.60, and in Lake Kingman, section G, 11,092.34 tons of riprap, at a cost of $33,150.78. A total of 7.3817 acres of land was purchased and condemnation proceedings were carried on during the year at a cost of $28,611.04. The effluent conduit was completed between July 1 and Sep- tember 10, 1929, with hired labor, United States floating concrete plant and derrick boats Bening and No. 4, at a cost of $9,983.13. Deferred cost of construction of the Benning Road culvert over Lake Kingman for the preceding fiscal year was $8,100.17, and for construction of masonry sea wall $545.31. 2204 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 On November 7, 1929, the reclaimed land on the left bank of the Anacostia River in sections-E and , comprising 117.68 acres, was transferred to the jurisdiction of':the Director of Public Buildings. and Public Parks of the National Capital.' The total cost of all work for the year was $178,496.58 and they total expenditures were $210,908.40, all applied to new work. Coandtion at end of fiscal year.-The table below indicates the work accomplished and expenditures therefor on the project to June 30, 1929. The project is 66 per cent completed. The controlling depth below Anacostia Bridge in October, 1929,. was 18.5 feet, with a width of 300 feet; between Anacostia Bridge and Pennsylvania Avenue Bridge in August, 1923, it was 15 feet, with a width of 550 feet; between Pennsylvania Avenue Bridge and Pennsylvania Railroad bridge in July, 1924, it was 15 feet, with a width of 500 feet; between the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge and Benning Bridge in January, 1929, it was 6 feet, with a width of 150 feet; between the Benning Bridge and the District line in May, 1926, it was 2 feet, with a width of 100 feet, and in Lake Kingman the controlling depth was 5 feet at mean low water. Itemized statement of cost and work to June 30, 1930 Items Work ac- complished Cost 1. Study and investigation.. ......---------------------------------------...------------ $31, 180. 23 2. Reclamation: (a) Dredging..--.----------- --------------------- cubic yards__ 9, 070, 373 1, 021, 417. 25 (b) Dump fills---.... ---------------------------------------------- 29,495.04- 3. Sea walls: (a) Channel-foundations ......... linear feet__ ..........---------------------------. 29, 458 432, 661.03 (b) Channel--masonry---- _..--------------------------------- do .__ 24, 424 290, 874. 30 (c) Lake and islands--foundations-....-----------------------do. 18, 855 222, 470. 27 (d) Lake and islands--masonry ----------------. do...- ...----------- 16, 068 99, 767. 95 4. Land- . ----------------------------------- acres ...----------- 183, 409 333, 027. 34 6. Allen Bridge------------- -- ------------------------------------------ 81, 053. 79 6. Plant and repair yard--------------- ---------------------------------------- (1) 7. Lock, bridge, and influents-------------------------------------- ------------ 87, 370.93. 8. Effluent house and connecting cable---- ......------------------------- ------- 27, 280. 56 9. Contingencies-...--------------------------------------- ----------- 60, 291. 01 10. Engineering and clerical expenses---..............-------------------------------------------() Total cost----------------------------------- --------------.... 2, 716, 889. 70 1Cost under these items included in totals for the other items. Expenditures by fiscal years June 30--- June 30- 1912_--------------$10, 115. 56 1923_________-_ $172, 777. 10 1913---------------13,312. 74 1924 -------------- 128, 299. 46 1914_- ----- ____- 107, 469. 50 1925 1179, 319. 23 ------------- 1915------------ 112, 469. 92 1926_____________ 2 119, 155. 35 1916--------------182,398. 45 1927------- 3 210, 583. 52 1917-------------- 156, 017. 64 1928_------------- 216. 76 1918_-- ---- ___- 172, 090. 37 1929 ------------- 309, 679. 26 1919_ ___ __ _ -- 98, 606. 71 1930------------- 210, 908. 40 1920_ -- -______-239,399. 49 1921 ______ ___- 139, 923. 50 Total to date-... 2, 735, 910. 84 1922------ -------- 173, 167.88 1 After deducting $91.48 received from transfer of old office equipment. 2 After deducting $40,000 received from transfer of dredge, Taldot. 4SAfter deducting $35,000 received from the transfer of derrick boat, Atlas. After deducting $157,436.74 received from the transfer of stock and plant, including the derrick boat, .Bnnig,but not deducting $601.51 received from sale ssexcavator, deposited in the Treasury. ANACOSTIA PARK 2205; Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1930, $105,- 049.16, and the funds carried in the District of Columbia appropria- tion act for the fiscal year 1931, approved July 3, 1930, $330,000 will be applied as follows: 1. Dredging, section G (July, 1930, to June, 1931)-------------- $55, 600.00- 2. Trenching and levee construction (July, 1930, to June, 1931)____ 44, 400. 00 3. Supervision of dump fills (July, 1930, to June, 1931) ----------- 4, 000. 00 4. Seawall foundations, Lake Kingman and navigation channel, sec- tion G, purchase of riprap stone (August, 1930, to April, 1931)__ 73,000. 00- 5. Purchase and condemnation of land, section G (July, 1930, to June, 1931)------------------ ----------------------- 150, 000.00 6. Miscellaneous surveys (July, 1930, to June, 1931)------------ 3, 000. 00 7. Payment of outstanding obligations--------------------- 45, 049. 16 8. Uncompleted contracts--------------------------- --- 60, 000. 00 Total----------- -- -435, 049. 16. It is expected that the funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1931. The sum of $180,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1932, as follows: Dredging, section G --------------------------------------- $60, 000 Trenching and levee construction, section G--------------- ------ 0, 000 Supervision of dump fills ---.----------------------- 4, 000 Seawall foundation, section G-------------------------------------- 54, 000 Miscellaneous surveys------------------------ 2, 000. Total-- -------------------------------------------- 180, 000 It is proposed to do the above work with Government plant and hired labor. CONTRACTS IN FORCE (1) Furnishing and placing riprap sea-wall foundation Contractor, The Maryland-Montgomery Co. (Inc.), Washington, D. C. Date of contract, May 12, 1930. Date of approval, May 26, 1930. Date of commencement, June 18, 1930. Date of completion, no fixed date. Amount of contract, $41,100, more or less. Complete at end of fiscal year. (2) Furnishing and placing riprap sea-wall foundation Contractor, The Smoot Sand & Gravel Corporation, Washington, D. G. Date of contract, December 27, 1928. Date of approval, January 17, 1929. No fixed dates for commencement and completion. Amount of contract, $90,065,1 more or less. Complete at end of fiscal year, 100 per cent. Final payment made, October 10, 1929. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------ $2, 716, 889. 70 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930-----------_ 29, 735. 54 Net total cost to June 30, 1930---------------------- 2,746, 625. 24 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930------------------------- 11, 315. 91 Net total expenditures-------------_--.. __--__-- 2, 735, 309. 33 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 __-_ _ ------- - 435, 049.16 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------------- 3, 170, 358.49 1 Includes approximately $31,000 for riprap in the Potomac River, which will be paid' for by the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway Commission. 2206 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-' - --- -$119, 246. 83 $245, 583. 52 $157, 653. 50 $331, 245. 90 $178, 496. 58 ..................--------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance--------- Total expended........--------------------------- 119, 6. 83 245,583.52 216.76 309, 679. 26 210,908.40 Appropriated-.. 170, 000.00 .----------------- 217,500.00 180,000.00 180, 000.00 330, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $315, 957. 56 Amount appropriated by District of Columbia appropriation act approved July 3, 1930------------------------- ----------- 330, 000.00 Net amount to be accounted for_____------- ______ 645, 957. 56 Gross amount expended----------------------------------- 210, 908. 40 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930- ---- __-------- 435, 049.16 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------- $45, 049. 16 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts ------ 60, 000.00 105, 049.16 Balance available June 30, 1930_- ----- _______-_____ - 330, 000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project - - - - - - - - - 1, 204, 641. 51 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1_ - _ -- - - - 30, 1932, for new work __ _______ 180, 000. 00 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF THE WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT District engineer: Maj. Brehon Somervell, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Lieut. Col. Henry C. Jewett, Corps of Engi- neers, to October 27, 1929; Col. H. B. Ferguson, Corps of Engineers, since October 27, 1929. Location and description.-The work includes the old Washington Aqueduct system and the new system built under appropriations for increasing water supply, District of Columbia. For purposes of ad- ministration and water-zoning areas, the system is divided into two divisions, known as the Dalecarlia division and the McMillan division. The Dalecarlia division embraces the dam at Great Falls, about 2,800 feet in length; the old and new conduits and tunnels, aggregat- ing 211 miles in length; 2 sedimentation reservoirs, each about 42 acres in area; about 800 acres of land; 2 high-service covered concrete reservoirs, known as the first high reservoir, with a capacity of 15,000,000 gallons; and the second high reservoir, with a capacity of 15,000,000 gallons; a total of 7.4 miles of high-pressure concrete mains of diameters of 36-inch and 48-inch and a rapid sand filtration plant of 80,000,000 gallons per day capacity, consisting of 20 filters, a pumping station, an alum manufacturing plant, a hydroelectric power plant, a filtered water reservoir, and necessary adjuncts. This filtration plant, known as the Dalecarlia filter plant, is located in the District of Columbia adjacent to the Dalecarlia Reservoir and west of the Conduit Road, near the District of Columbia line. It supplies all the water to high-service areas within the District of COulabia and also to Arlington County, Va. blaq tiw Asidw ,awf3s onlo mcrl ni qasqh Iso? 0 00 IC$tfue4lqqa I31)iaduloul: noaialimo') awiv4 smtio'l bolas dossO *08R sit~id ..a WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT- 2207 The McMillan division embraces the old aqueduct system east of the Georgetown Reservoir; the Washington City Tunnel, 4 miles in length; the McMillan Park sedimentation reservoir of about 42 acres in area; the McMillan Park, with an area of 118 acres; 3~ pumping stations; 0.4 mile of 78-inch concrete mains; 385 water meters on Federal services; and a slow sand filtration plant of 75,000,000 gal- lons per day capacity, consisting of twenty-nine 1-acre filters, a filtered water reservoir, 29 sand bins, a pumping station for pumping water to the filters, and necessary adjuncts. This filtration plant, known as the McMillan filter plant, is in McMillan Park situated in the District of Columbia between Bryant Street and Michigan Avenue and North Capitol Street and Fifth Street NW. It supplies all the water to the gravity area of the city and also to the pumped areas east of the Anacostia River. The control of the system was vested in the Chief of Engineers by the act of March 2, 1867, and section 1800, Revised Statutes. By act of Congress approved May 22, 1926, jurisdiction and control over the Conduit Road for its full width in the District of Columbia between Foxhall Road and the District line, excepting a strip 19 feet wide within the line of said road, the center of which is coinci- dent with the center of the water-supply conduit, was transferred from the Secretary of War to the Commissioners of the District of Columbia. Previous projects.--The original project for the construction of the Washington Aqueduct was prepared in accordance with the acts of Congress of September 30, 1850, and August 31, 1852, and adopted by the act of March 3, 1853. (See S. Ex. Doc. No. 48, 32d Cong., 2d sess.) Water from Little Falls Branch was admitted in 1859 and from the Potomac in 1863. Money for the construction of the Conduit Road, built to afford ready access to all parts of the aqueduct, was first appropriated by the act of July 15, 1870. The work was completed in 1875. The dam at Great Falls was extended to the Virginia shore in 1886 in compliance with the act of July 15, 1882, and it was raised in 1896 in compliance with the act of March 2, 1895. The water from Little Falls Branch became polluted and was excluded from the system in 1895, in accordance with the act of March 2, 1895. Commencing with funds appropriated by the act of July 15, 1882, a tunnel about 10 feet in diameter and 4 miles long was gradually built from the Georgetown Reservoir to McMillan Park, near the Howard University Grounds, where a new distributing reservoir was built. This work was completed in 1902. In 1905 the entire distribution system was turned over to the gov- ernment of the District of Columbia subject to certain restrictions. Under the authority of the act of March 3, 1899, an investigation was made into the subject of filtering the water supply. Commenc- ing with the appropriation made by the act of June 6, 1900, the coifstruction of a slow sand filtration plant was prosecuted, and this plant was put in operation in 1905. With a view to providing clear water at times of high turbidity in the supply, a coagulating plant was built, as authorized by the act of 11714--ENG 1930---139 2208 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 May 18, 1910. This plant was dismantled in 1928 and its functions taken over by the Dalecarlia filter plant. Georgetown Reservoir was also remodeled as a settling basin, as authorized by the act of March 2, 1911, and again put in operation in 1913. Commencing with the act of May 18, 1910, appropriations were made for metering various Government services. The previous projects covering the increased water supply, which is now nearly completed and the operation included in this report, are shown elsewhere under that heading. The total expenditures on the entire system to June 30, 1930, including outstanding liabilities, were $26,965,296.26, of which $21,645,529.66 was for construction and $5,319,766.60 was for main- tenance and operation. Existing project.-The existing project provides for the care, maintenance, and operation of the system up to the point where the purified water is delivered to the District of Columbia distribut- ing system, and also for the care and maintenance of the Conduit Road, McMillan Park, and the meters on the various Government services. Recommended m o difications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--Up to the end of June 30, 1916, the expenses of the Washington Aqueduct were paid one-half by the District of Columbia and one-half by the United States, since which time they have been paid wholly out of the revenues of the water department of the District of Columbia. Effect of improvement.-An uninterrupted supply of purified water has been furnished to the city of Washington. Operation and results during fiscal year.-The usual routine oper- ations were carried on. The purification of the water was very satisfactory. The average turbidity was reduced from 63 to 0.0575 and the bacterial content from 1,136 to 3.1 per milliliter. The aver- age consumption was 82,000,000 gallons per day, making the average per capita consumption 160 gallons per day. The following tables show details of the results obtained: WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT 22V9 TArBL 1.-Consumption of water per 24 hours (in million gallons) (A) MAXIMUM Fiscal years Month 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 July ------------------- 76. 40 74.13 82.43 84. 10 87. 92 90. 44 94. 90 August _ .72. 25 76. 71 74. 99 87. 69 77. 05 86.08 102. 22 September .... 74. 52 72. 26 83. 24 82. 67 80. 23 81. 12 96. 60 October_- - - - - 73. 98 73.61 73.37 79. 91 78. 96 79. 18 84. 77 November__ 67. 98 71.50 77. 99 74. 61 76. 66 78. 68 83. 19 December_- - -. 67. 64 75. 63 77. 40 75. 57 67. 90 76.01 85. 30 January_------------------------ 76. 60 74. 15 73. 11 78. 65 82. 69 77. 60 83. 53 February- - - - - -- 70. 73 71.12 75. 55 68. 18 80. 21 77. 40 82. 42 M arch -- - - - - - - - - 67. 29 69. 96 71.30 71.58 80. 22 76. 56 79. 96 April..___ 69. 95 70. 45 72. 86 77. 63 78. 10 80. 96 84. 10 M ay. . .. .. . . 70. 87 73. 33 71.33 74. 42 80.75 81.24 101. 01 June - _ - .. ...-- - 72. 34 84. 59 76.07 78. 44 86. 10 90. 39 99. 66 (B) MINIMUM July_ --------____________ - -___ 62. 19 55. 89 63.24 62. 85 64. 44 66.81 69. 04 August - - -______________________ 61.00 61. 94 61. 63 66. 34 60. 47 67. 69 75. 29 September. -___- -__________ -____ 59. 86 60. 20 61. 87 64. 84 63. 69 65. 97 75. 41 October-_______ - -____________- 55. 48 62. 53 62. 28 62. 19 59. 30 64. 43 72. 80 November____.... ______________ _____ 56. 29 60. 23 59. 91 63. 11 62. 07 67. 42 74. 57 December_-___ ________________ ______ 52. 58 58. 66 57. 38 58. 60 51. 18 63. 48 70. 83 January__ - - ___ -___ -________ 57. 70 61.26 63. 40 60. 08 64.67 63.92 69. 33 February ____________________ _ 59. 64 58. 17 62. 21 60. 68 65. 40 64. 25 71. 39 March- ..-- 58. 42 57.80 62. 34 60. 44 65. 61 67.43 71.00 April_----____________ ____ -- ____ 59. 54 61. 12 63.07 63. 69 69. 22 68. 13 74. 93 May _______.____..-- -_________- 56. 95 59. 35 62. 14 61. 99 66. 99 69. 10 75. 83 June__________- - __. -_______-____-__ 56. 01 61. 05 62. 64 62. 17 68. 88 65. 19 74. 97 (C) AVERAGE July_. ._________._____ ____________ 69. 73 67. 37 74. 35 74.01 76. 76 80. 61 84. 88 August_ ----------------- _----- 66.40 68.03 71.13 75. 94 72. 05 77. 24 87. 92 September- .......... - ____ ____ 68. 15 66. 76 72. 64 72. 24 74. 07 73. 85 83. 02 October_._.. _ ___-- - _-________ 65. 13 67.85 69. 44 6930 70. 90 74. 20 81. 44 November__.-------------___ --- ___ -- 62. 88 65. 82 66. 31 68.07 70. 00 73. 58 78. 83 December-____ . _________.-.-- ____- - 62. 47 65. 16 66.46 68.77 58. 09 71.40 79. 33 January----...--- - _________ - -- 68. 45 65. 41 68.05 68. 51 74. 56 71.80 77. 87 February_. __ - __-- __.-___ -- _ 64. 42 64. 26 67. 91 65.05 72. 72 72. 10 79. 51 March-----.. ---------------- __... _ 63. 56 63.72 66.55 66.05 72. 57 72.11 77.17 April_-------- ------------- -__64. 95 65. 21 67. 63 69. 35 73. 96 75. 12 79. 21 May___--------------------- _ 64. 82 65.51 70.13 69.41 77. 25 76.17 85. 79 June .....- _-..__-..____ - .......... _ 64. 59 73. 55 70.57 71.53 76. 64 81.48 88. 99 Average_-----... . ------------- . 65. 47 66. 56 69.28 69. 8 72. 46 74. 97 82. 00 Population-..- -------------.-.-.--. 454, 026 486, 936 497, 906 528, 000 540, 000 552, 000 1 511, 785 Daily per capita consumption, gallons. 144 134 139 132 134 136 160 1United States census for District of Columbia and Arlington County, Va. TABLE 2.-Consumption of water in Government buildings Average daily consumption in gallons for the fiscal year-- Location 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1 1928 1929 1930 - I--------r-------- I I ! ! 0 Municipal Building_....................... 32, 600 35, 000 26, 050 20,617 36, 998 43, 866 52, 809 67, 934 67, 988 68,662 Government Printing Office_........____.__ 1,733, 100 1,546, 800 1, 819, 700 920, 715 593, 800 387, 988 343, 250 565, 484 232, 679 225, 102 N avy y ard - ----------------- ------------------- 901, 320 1,768, 400 1, 299, 300 1, 384, 360 1,468, 970 1, 358, 805 1, 026, 121 814, 392 1, 345, 796 1, 651, 108 O Soldiers' Home..... . . . .. . .. Walter Reed Hospital_..... .__ . . . . . . . . _____.. __.__.. 145, 600 243, 200 200, 000 290, 100 290,000 290,000 290,000 290,000 290, 000 290, 000 290, 000 4 300, 000 294, 690 263, 119 300,000 300,338 300, 000 300, 000 300, 000 300, 000 Marine barracks_. . ---............................... 96, 600 130, 000 87, 240 99, 662 89,084 62, 289 84, 132 89, 981 94, 444 77, 590 C Zoological Park_ __ _______.________ 382, 100 348, 000 328, 150 402,916 452, 116 431, 376 386, 966 374, 268 270, 305 504, 099 Howard University_.... . ____.. .____ .________ _ 30, 700 27, 100 43, 200 43, 396 28, 594 32,431 32, 890 31, 120 26,911 23, 947 Freedmen's Hospital......... ... .,..... 80, 900 73, 000 74, 030 84, 856 83, 355 103, 124 93, 420 81, 003 94, 545 95, 592 Washington Aqueduct_.... .______.____. ._____ 34, 100 77, 000 68, 470 13, 605 5, 820 11,314 1, 637 26, 457 173, 023 1, 276, 601 Naval Hospital and Medical School ........ __...... 104, 600 90, 000 78, 470 81, 362 75,488 71,328 98, 688 95,717 98, 908 117, 658 Hygienic Laboratory........................____ 14, 700 41, 500 36, 820 54, 112 49, 389 72, 794 61, 763 69, 521 76, 948 107, 759 Library of Congress_.........._____ . .______ _ .____ 105, 400 103, 000 107, 400 101,401 101, 504 105, 338 129, 319 129, 101 125, 555 114, 470 National Museum_ . .___- . ._______. .______-.. . 61, 000 55, 900 32, 190 69, 013 73, 604 51, 872 54, 604 33, 386 40, 699 48,847 Bureau of Engraving and Printing.......... ........ 1,323, 300 1, 567, 000 1, 611, 600 765, 077 844, 227 935, 520 841, 553 804, 667 660, 605 468, 016 Agricultural Department .. .......... ___ .... ___ 533, 540 293, 000 321, 500 482, 540 453, 407 466, 785 480, 084 433, 771 529, 436 523,229 m Treasury Department_...... ... ____ .____._____ 169, 600 200, 000 184, 528 243, 719 238, 327 232, 017 255, 855 262, 016 221, 304 154, 971 c. State, War, and Navy Departments __.__.__..____ .. 917, 950 600, 000 762, 040 701, 059 520, 144 687, 227 630, 123 237, 652 229, 150 566, 429 Fort Myer service_......__. . ._____. .. . ________ _ 331, 100 334, 600 298, 720 183, 963 200,428 234, 112 216, 481 246, 810 250, 119 316, 783 Army and Navy annex_............................... 165, 300 186, 500 231, 200 209, 337 159, 625 190,917 222, 760 280, 261 331, 214 343, 558 Botanic Gardens----..... ....... ...... ....... . 4,400 6, 200 4, 715 4, 420 8, 009 . 5, 445 6, 333 5, 476 3, 257 8, 547 Bureau of Standards............. ......... ......... 140, 600 175, 700 143, 800 159, 773 146, 549 205, 260 245, 605 227, 563 331, 509 315, 395 00 C apitol- _ _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301, 000 268, 000 277, 800 158, 170 131, 895 110,805 166, 912 178, 5b3 151, 784 150,000 Coast and Geodetic Survey............ ... 28, 500 26, 300 7, 650, 7, 884 7, 105 5, 425 4, 867 6, 972 4, 817 17, 286 C Columbia Hospital........ .__....... __________ ... ,__ 84, 500 100, 500 96,840 93, 604 109, 145 125, 442 110, 754 112, 955 109, 164 108, 373 Columbia Institute for the Deaf...... __ 17, 700 23, 300 23, 570 19, 988 18, 742 26, 884 25, 446 26, 193 38, 054 21, 824 Congressional power plant -. . . .... 60, 800 70, 500 63, 380 92, 165 77, 740 93, 310 99, 243 100, 632 129, 529 108, 275 Courthouse .. 9, 700 12, 100 8, 075 7, 163 5, 940 8, 344 8, 555 7, 185 7, 514 10, 723 Court of Claims .. __.. .. .. .. _________ 900 1, 900 1, 637 2, 447 788 1, 097 3, 096 3, 909 2, 352 1, 431 Customhouse.----.............-- ----- _ 4, 600 4, 300 4, 492 4, 313 4, 527 2, 375 6, 179 463 646 * 537 Ellipse---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 48, 100 43, 500 46, 060 56, 346 44, 245 47, 434 46,831 39, 506 35, 393 36, 203 Federal Board for Vocational Education-.... ... _.... 3, 000 5,200 3, 645 3, 642 4, 254 4, 364 4,269 3, 497 3, 309 4, 851 ,. Fish Commission____ . .__.________ ______ 179, 400 120, 700 134, 900 146, 366 130, 678 128,252 159, 311 116, 172 138, 264 146, 355 Food Administration, ........................ 15, 000 16, 500 28, 230 28, 672 36, 691 43, 627 47, 908 51, 509 40, 083 42, 206 - Ford's Theater----.. .... ... .... .... ... ., .... 29, 200 10, 600 2, 720 990 940 894 1, 382 798 224 143 A House Office Building......__.______ ____________ 240, 900 201, 000 231, 400 252, 255 216, 482 217, 213 239, 787 257, 893 298, 959 271, 248 Interior Department_.........________________ _ 96, 600 90, 000 93, 034 93, 639 81,842 85, 579 93, 782 94, 575 116, 016 110, 717 o Land Office Building ........... .................... 91, 400 93, 200 59, 100 63, 516 42, 306 43, 534 41,772 53, 194 36, 498 50, 725 Marine H ospital ......... ..... .... ..... ..... ... 1, 500 2, 000 3, 610 5,443 3, 962 3, 759 4, 084 3, 883 5, 224 4, 606 Monument Grounds_..... ...... __ ........ _____ 142, 900 120, 900 87, 050 58, 973 80, 932 68, 169 76, 695 58, 629 92, 557 78, 467 Naval Observatory____. _____..______ 26, 500 25, 000 40, 560 13, 703 13,902 21,920 31,408 23, 817 20, 749 23,294 Office of Chief Signal Officer . .___................ 19, 300 20, 000 13, 300 20, 132 26, 024 46, 493 44, 492 54, 409 74, 941 101, 845 Patent Office-----..................................... 60,100 54, 000 47, 950 41, 577 38, 767 29, 695 30, 492 37, 415 35, 295 44, 438 Pension Building- .......-------------------------- 27,600 20,000 13,150 16,377 15, 508 14, 061 14,142 20, 016 21, 228- 19, 458 Post Office.......-........---------------------.... 414, 300 400, 000 356, 900 385, 242 326, 834 372, 086 283, 476 392, 444 378, 984 436, 426 Potomac Park------------------------------------ 214, 800 158, 000 218, 400 241, 310 202, 885 173, 669 153, 868 107, 285 128, 571 170, 532 Senate Office Building _----------------------------- 183, 700 220, 000 196, 600 188, 042 194, 650 189, 745 167, 312 153, 370 179, 652 171, 196 Treasury Annex No. 1 -....------------------------ 28, 400 20, 800 23, 275 24, 070 31, 152 30, 123 23, 082 24, 444 24, 932 24, 489 Treasury Annex No. 2...---------------------------- 49,100 40,000 42, 310 30, 708 28,105 24, 134 17,055 16,248 0 0 United States Dormitories .......--------------------- 127, 800 141,400 101,330 108, 552 110, 940 121,047 117, 307 134, 281 131, 728 150, 219 United States Fuel Administration------------------ 8, 000 5,100 9,510 18, 091 45, 599 50, 030 55, 858 51, 772 73, 790 67, 006 United States Government Asylum_.- . 4, 800 2, 300 197 372 230 3, 032 5, 265 15, 621 33, 589 43,164 War Department Buildings-------------------------- 114, 900 54, 000 22, 089 101, 213 117, 863 108, 748 77, 029 164, 736 194, 505 283, 222 War Risk Bureau-----. --------------------------- 95, 400 90, 000 87, 720 226, 558 103, 847 90, 528 87,323 76, 733 74, 226 79, 236 War Trade Board Building------------------------ 9, 400 35, 000 28, 860 32, 011 30, 784 42, 406 13, 587 24, 301 13, 734 24, 869 Washington Barracks .--------------------------- 180, 100 173, 000 154, 000 163, 365 189, 979 220, 497 202, 848 193, 941 188, 982 195, 529 Weather Bureau------------- ----------------------- 23, 800 20, 000 16, 380 18,112 17, 675 14, 069 15,442 16,189 18, 034 12, 956 White House...........-------------------------------. 94, 200 11, 500 21, 530 58, 741 55,040 83, 998 70, 888 78, 352 91, 712 122, 052 Winder Building ------------------------------ 20,200 16, 000 37, 830 26, 983 28,166 28, 193 30, 000 30, 000 30, 000 30, 000 Darby Building----------------------------- 11, 700 8,400 5, 162 7, 410 8, 970 3, 998 2, 268 4, 443 8, 786 5, 320 Graham Building ..------------------------------- 6, 700 8, 000 2, 110 2, 246 3, 638 2, 408 376 259 0 Pan American Building.------------------------------ 9, 000 8, 200 7, 110 7, 019 18, 835 7, 268 12, 268 21, 693 32, 507 33,431 Temporary No. 3, Pettus Building_--_--------------- 9, 000 5, 000 8, 610 6, 538 6, 983 9, 633 9, 159 8,101 12, 808- 10,216 Red Cross _--------------------------------- 12, 000 15, 000 6, 680 6, 890 8, 970 11,432 11,342 10,182 8, 413 8, 518 " Freer Gallery of Art-------------- ------------------ 2, 200 958 1,989 4, 560 7, 424 5, 680 1, 638 3,181 5,196 Rock Creek Park -------------------------------- 19, 000 18, 730 17, 278 19, 958 16, 701 18,677 26, 202 32, 006 33, 929 United States Railroad Administration----------...--.... ------- - -------. 5, 803 5, 269 7, 789 10, 771 11,850 2, 306 6, 496 7, 211 0 Old Emergency Hospital........---------------------- ------------ ----------- 7, 170 6, 178 4, 929 5, 656 6, 962 766 0 0 Interstate Commerce Commission--.------.----------- --- -- ----- ---- --- -- -- -. 27, 330 25, 265 24, 374 26, 894 24, 592 19, 863 18, 424 18,301 1 Justice Department .------------------------------ 7, 698 9, 510 8, 972 10,819 11, 691 11, 746 12,327 12, 738 M Civil Service Commission ---------------------------- 11, 190 14, 572 12, 315 9, 298 10, 660 15, 028 21, 513 29, 602 Commerce Building..........------------------------- ------------ ------------ 37, 080 34, 182 32, 548 38, 978 36, 002 31, 109 30, 309 27, 789 Parks and reservations ------------------------------- ----..-....-. 108, 645 202, 600 227, 576 475, 585 226, 635 398, 262 438, 937 I I I I, I I I -- L Total consumption__ 10, 911, 510 11, 037, 100 11,036, 226 9, 761,741 j9,162, 043 9, 349, 977 9, 072, 554 8, 578,393 9, 334, 461 11,394, 552 ---- ~- I '. 2212 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERST. :S. ARMY, 1930 TABLE 3.-Baoteria per milliliter (A) MAXIMUM Dalecarlia Reser- voir McMillan Dalecarlia George- McMil- i town lan Park Fiscal year Reser- Reser- Filtered Filtered Filtered Filtered voir voir water water water water Inlet Outlet outlet outlet before after before after sterili- sterili- sterili- sterili- zation zation zation zation 1925 1-- - - - - .. 29, 000 25, 000 9, 800 6, 600 72 22 1926 1, 170, 000 28, 000 18, 500 8,500 93 11 1927 2......-...... . 55, 000 39,000 4,600 1,280 32 11 19282.......... _... 38, 000 27, 000 2, 600 600 55 10 1929 2-.---.-- ----- .- 28, 000 13, 000 2, 600 285 81 9 35 15 1930-----.----..------ 28, 000 22, 000 5, 300 325 26 25 45 15 (B) MINIMUM 1925 1----------------- 30 20 19 10 2 1 ..------------- 1926.............----------------- 55 42 31 12 1 0 ----- --------- 1927 2................ 46 40 26 10 1 1 _- 1928 2----------------- 40 21 10 4 1 0 ---------- _---- -- 1929 2_--_ __- -.. 45 35 35 6 1 1 1 1 _ 1930................ - 35 31 25 8 1 1 1 (C) AVERAGE 1925 1_...--..-.-..--._ 2,672 1,618 881 485 10 4.2--------- 19261----------- -4, 165 1, 781 625" 386 10 2.1- 1927............---------------- 2,288 1,087 248 116 8 2.8-- ----- 1928 2_--------_ -1,743 821 187 88 5.4 2.6- 1929 2 1,161 721 232 51 7.2 2.6 6.2 2.9-- 1930-----------------. 1,136 1,132 335 80 5.9 3.1 8.6 3.1 1 Gelatin, 200 48 hours. 2 Agar, 370 24 hours. TABLE 4.-Results of tests for bacterium colon (A) TOTAL TUBES EXAMINED McMillan Dalecarlia Great Falls, re McMil- IcP or Dale- Dalecarlia George- lan Park Fiscal year carlia Reservoir town Reservoir Filtered Filtered Filtered Filtered R ri Reservoir outlet water ' water water water eservoir outlet outlet (applied before after before inletwater) steriliza- after steriliza- steriliza- steriliza- tion tion tion tion Milliliters.._ 10 1 0.1 10 1 0.1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 1925-........ 1926 ----- -301292 1927......... 421 421 421 292 292 293 293 293 301 191 303 303 169 421 421 421 293 297 420 2931,086.....1,820 297 1,071 1,005 1,825 1,505 1, 5251,525.... 4171,084 1,071 1,81011,8101,535 1,520. 1,535 .. .. .-- 1928 . - 636 636 636 646 646 646 516 516 851 851 1, 37511, 375 1, 330 1,330 1929--.---- 610 610 610 610 610 610 578 5781, 4851, 4851, 5271, 5271, 475 1, 475 2, 275 2, 275 2,290 2, 290 1930........ 596 596 625 625 625 621 621 1, 505 1, 505 1, 505 1, 364 1, 349 1, 349 2,3282, 328 2,430 2,430 (B) NUMBER POSITIVE TUBES, ONE OR MORE TUBES 1925- 1926......... -242 280 119 180 11 224 96 1 183 66 26215046 221 62 104 547 666 0 93 201153 23 16 13 4 419 386 222413363 1927......... 183 406 279 964 521 337 48 0 1928.- -612 489 244 551 399 222 432 254 554 225 147 23 5 0. 1929--..-.-. 535318 150 534 280117 410 138 635 122 84 113 7 0 588 '108 3 0 552 273 24 192,,,,,,,I6 51 245 922410/ 55 202 122l125 . 1930......... 135 540 499 181 943 3 40 1 570 42 40 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT 2213 TABLE 4.-Results of tests for bacterium colon-Continued (C) PERCENTAGE TUBES POSITIVE McMillan Dalecarlia Great FalsMcMll- or Dale et F Dalslecarlia George- lan Park Fiscal year carlia Reservoir town Reservoir Filtered Filtered Filtered Filtered R inlet eservoir Reservoir outlet water water water water outlet (applied before after before after water) steriliza- steriliza- steriliza- steriliza- tion tion tion tion Milliliters 10 1 0.1 10 1 0.1 ' 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 _ 1925......... 82.840. 7 3. 876. 132. 7 0.4 62. 4 21.1 50.41 .... 5.1 .... 1. 1--_-- --- - ----- 1926 --- .. - 90.0159. 8 34. 786. 4150. 127. 2 74. 4 35. 0 62.1 20.4 8.3 1.2 .85 0. 30 .--. 1927------- 99.591.652.7 98.1186.2143:4 96.6 66.9 88. 9 48.61 18. 6 2. 6 0 0 1928 - 2766.'638.38 5. 361.735.9 -83.1 49. 2 65.1 26.4 10.7 9-....96. 1. 7 .37 0 1929 --- -87. 7152. 124. 687. 446. 819.1 70. 9 23.8 42. 8 8. 2 1930.---...-93. 046. O22.5 86. 539. O15.5 80.0O 39.0 62.5 13.5 5.5 9.1 0.7 0.48 0 25.-9 0.2 2.90 0.08 24.4 4.8 0.13 1.8 1.6 0 0 (D) AVERAGE NUMBER BACTERIUM COLON PER 100 MILLILITERS 1925 ----- 1926 ..... _ _ 84 797 762 41 191 25 77 2.1 25 9.3 0.54 1.20 .27-_ .12 -------- 1927--- _ 1, 428 853 297 72.8 4.20 0 1928 ..... 442 325 206 7 39. 2.27 .06 1929 .....- 329 252 95 11 8.13 0.49 4.14 0.23 1930---. - 288 226 148 25 1.14 .38 5.3 0.18 TABLE 5.-Turbidrity-Physical and chemical data (A) AVERAGE Great Falls- Dalecarlia George- McMillan McMillan Dalecarlia Fiscal year Dalecarlia outlet town outlet filtered filtered inlet outlet water water 1925--......... ...-__ - -..... 576 372 194 127 0 1926 ......... ........-------------------------- 90 56 18 10 0 1927--------------------------- 205 109 29 20 0. 5.......... 1928.------. --......-.-.. - 195 106 26 17 0.16 1929.........--------------------___.. 106 61 27 12 0. 11 ... 0. 17 1930..-------- ------.-..---- - 63 43 20 9 0. 005 0. 11 (B) MAXIMUM 1925--------------------------- 800 225 50 32 0 1926..................------------------------- 3,000 500 40 25 1. 5 ------------------------- 1927......... 3,500 1,000 75 45 2.0 -- --.....-........ 1928 ....- 3, 750 1, 300 90 50 0.50. ... 1929 ------------------------- 2, 250 1, 000 100 40 2.0 4. O0 1930.............------------------------- 1, 250 600 90 50 0.1 1. 0 (C) MINIMUM 1925---- ---------------------- 7 6 4 0 ----------- 1926-- - - - - - - - - - - - 7 6 '2 0.2 ____--__-_-- 1927 -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - - 8 _8 5 0.2 -_---_------ 1928-- - - - - - - - - 12 11 3 0. 2 1929........... .......... 7 7 5 00 1930-------------------------- 5 5 4 0 0 2214 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 TABLE 6.--Alkalinity. AVERAGE (P. P. M. CaCOa) McMillan Dalecarlia Fiscal year eat Falls- Dalecarlia George- McMillan Filtered Filtered Filtered Filtered inlet outlet town outlet water water water water before after before after steriliza- steriliza- steriliza- steriliza- tion tion tion tion -t925----------- 68 68 68 67 66 1926------------ 61 60 59 59 58 1927----------- 53 53 49 49 48 .. 60 1928-------............ 58 54 56 49 .. 57 57 1929------------............ 55 55 54 50 *46 58 62 190-----------............ 63 59 58 58 61 51 62 TABLE 7.-pH va1ues8 AVERAGE McMillan Dalecarlia reat Falls-iscalDalecarlia George- McMillan Filtered Filtered Filtered Filtered year Fiscal Dalecarlia outlet town outlet water water water water inlet outlet before after before after steriliza- steriliza- steriliza- steriliza- tion tion tion tion 1925----------............ 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.3 . . 1926------------ 7.6 ' 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.4.......... 1927.------------- 7.5 7.5 7. 4 7.4 7.2----......... 1928-...........----------. 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.5 7.3 ... 192 ............ 7.7 7.77 77.6 7. 7.4 7.8 7.0 8.2 1930--......-------..... 7.8 7.8 7.6 7.6 7.3 7.8 7.0 8.0 TABLE 8.--Harness (A) AVERAGE (As CaCOa) McMillan Dalecarlia Great Flls- Daecarlia George- McMillan Filtered Filtered -Filtered Filtered year Dalecarlia iFiscal outlet town outlet water water water water inlet outlet before after before after steriliza-. steriliza- steriliza- steriliza- tion tion tion tion 1925---------------75--------------- ---------- 76 77 1926---------------------7---------69 68 1927---------------57--------------------------57 58 1929---------- -- 69............ 60 60 60 61 58 61 69 1930....-----------.... 8 69 69 68 68 71 69 78 (B) MAXIMUM 5----------- -118- -21 1--21--------1 ------- -------- 1926----------- 9947 97 ---------------------- 927--------------87-------------87 ----- 9487 ,_,_,,,,,_,-,,,, 1928............ 90 8 96 96... .9 1929----------............ -- 8 88 93 91 91 83 92 98 1980----..... --...... 11 111 111 111 108 114 108 114 (C) MINIMUM 195---------..-------------24...... 1926--------- : ---- 33----------- --------------3 °l.................. 9-- ----- 1927----------------38------------------- 4------2 39 4---1--- 39 ------------ 1929--------............ 2830 3131 36 37 37 42 35 45 1930----------............ 42 42 42 51 39 50 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT 2215 TABLE 9.-Number of deaths from typhoid fever in District of Columbia TOTAL NUMBER, BY MONTHS Fiscal year July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June Total 1910 ....... ..... . 12 12 17 12 12 2 3 4 7 5 5 4 95 1911........... .... 6 12 13 8 9 5 6 4 4 3 8 2 80 1912....... ...... 5 11 7 5 8 11 8 1 1 4 2 2 65 1913 _.._.......... 11 9 16 11 8 6 4 4 4 2 2 5 82 1914_.......... ... . 7 9 2 11 2 4 3 4 2 1 1 4 50 1915........ ........ 4 11 8 3 2 4 2 2 4 1 2 2 45 1916._--------_------ 1916................ 4 7 3 6 9 1 3 1 2 3 2 6 47 1917................ 7 8 7 3 3 1 3 0 0 4 1 2 39 1918 -.............. 2 10 12 8 4 2 4 2 1 1 0 8 4 12 1919--------------- 5 7 3 0 5 1 0 0 0 2 0 35 1920 .............. 0 4 1 4 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 18 1921... ............. 4 3 6 5 4 3 2 3 1 4 1 2 38 1922................. 6 6 5 3 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 6 30 1923.... ......... .. 2 2 4 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 3 18 1924: . . 1 5 6 3 6 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 24 O 1 6 4 2 5 7 2 0 1 1 1 30 1926............. 19275, 3 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 2 01 18 O 1 1 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 10 1928 ........ ..... 1 1 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 11 1929 ............... 0 2 3 3 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 14 1930.. ............. 3 4 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 12 -- -I I I I I i I I i I I Average, 1896-1930. 8.8 13.7 12.90 11.20 8. 86 7.50 5.35 2.751 2.95 3 3.60 3.421 4.50 89. 40 TABLE 10.-Amount and cost of water delivered to water department for dis- tribution to the consumers Amount of water Cost of water Fiscal year Million Million Interest at Deprecia- Mainte- Per gallons gallons tion nance and Total million per day 4 per cent per year operation gallons 1860 ..... _____ 7.5 2, 700 $96, 545. 00 $96, 545. 00 $35.76 1861 ....... ___ 8.1 3,000 106, 978. 40 ............. 106, 978. 40 35.66 1862 - -- - . 8.6 3,100 112, 483. 20 112, 483. 20 36. 28 1863 ... _....._ 9. 2 3, 400 112, 483. 20 _ - - -- - - 112, 483. 20 33.08 1864__-_______ 9. 8 3, 600 117, 912. 20 ....... ...... 117, 912. 20 32. 80 1865-________ 10. 3 3, 800 121, 859. 80 . .. ..... -- 121, 859. 80 32. 07 __ -- _- 1866 -- 10.9 4,000 127, 323. 20 .. ....... . - $15, 000. 00 142, 323. 20 35.56 1867_........ _ 11.5 4,200 127, 323.20 .. _..... . . 12, 000. 00 139, 323. 20 33. 17 1868____ ......... 12. 4, 400 129, 023. 20 . . -. - ..- - - - - .- -.- 20,000.00 149, 023. 20 33.87 1869.........___ 12. 6 4,600 129,023.20 -----.-------- 24,953.75 153, 976.95 33. 47 1870........... 15. 4 5, 600 133,136. 40 . - - -. -.- - .--.-- - 24, 939.43 158, 075. 83 28.23 1871.......... 15.9 5, 800 136, 904. 20 --.--------.- 17,493.40 154,397.60 26. 62 1872 ....... 16.5 6, 000 139,066.40 . - . . .- .- . - . - . - 20, 000.00 159, 066. 40 26. 51 1873....__..... 17. 6, 200 140, 770. 40 -- .- -_- - - - - 16,500. 00 157, 270. 40 25.37 1874_..___.... 17.6 6,400 141, 626.40 15,000.00 156, 626. 40 24. 47 1875........ __ 21. 7,700 142, 066. 40 -- $1,- 574.-- - 90-- 15,000.00 157, 066. 40 20.40 1876......... 24. 2 8, 800 142, 066. 40 1, 574. 90 -- 15,000.00 157, 066. 40 17.85 1877.. .. .... 23. 3 8,500 142, 066. 40 $1, 574.90 22, 000.00 164, 066. 40 19. 30 1878__ ____ .... 24. 9 9, 100 142, 066. 40 15,000. 00 158,641.30 17.43 1879._..-... 25. 9 9, 400 142, 066. 40 1, 574. 90 15,000.00 158, 641. 30 16.88 1880 -.... .. 25.7 9, 400 142, 066. 40 1, 574. 90 18,890.13 162,531.43 17. 29 1881...__..... 26. 5 9, 700 142, 066. 40 1, 574. 90 19,618. 94 163, 260. 24 16.83 1882.......... 29. 7 10, 700 200, 441.60 1, 574. 90 20, 000.00 222,016.50 20. 75 1883......... 24. 3 8, 900 200, 581.60 1, 574. 90 18, 645.83 220, 802.33 24. 81 1884 -_ _ 24. 8 9,100 204, 081.60 1,574. 90 20, 000.00 225, 656. 50 24.80 1885.......... 25. 2 9,200 208,340. 60 1, 627.35 20, 000.00 229, 967. 95 25.00 1886.... . . . 25.5 9,300 227, 639. 20 1, 627.35 20, 000.o00 249, 266. 55 26.80 1887........... 26. 9 9, 800 227, 639, 20 1, 627.35 20, 000.00 249, 266. 55 25. 45 1888........ 29. 1 10, 600 232, 373. 80 1, 627. 35 20, 00. 00 254, 001. 15 24.15 1889......... 27. 7 10, 100 255, 965. 20 1, 627. 35 17, 733. 66 275, 326. 21 27.26 1890........... 35. 5 13, 000 257, 885. 20 1,627. 35 20,000.00 279, 512. 55 21.50 1891_...-..... 38. 6 14, 100 257, 925. 20 1, 627.35 20, 000.00 279, 552. 55 19. 82 1892 ....... 41. 2 15,100 258, 524.80 1, 649. 36 19, 997.51 280, 171.67 18. 55 1893....... 46. 7 17, 000 260, 924. 80 1, 649. 36 19,999.59 282, 573. 75 16. 62 1894 ....... 49. 2 17, 900 263, 515. 20 1,649. 36 19,995.84 285, 160. 40 16. 00 1895........... 47.2 17, 200 269, 908. 80 1,649. 36 17, 926.94 289, 485.10 16. 83 1896 ........ 44. 1 16, 100 270, 185. 40 1, 649. 36 30, 439.78 302, 274. 54 18.77 1897......... 45.3 16, 500 270,310. 00 1, 715. 36 20, 000:00 292, 026. 36 17. 70 1898........ 47.3 17, 300 294, 206. 80 1, 715. 36 21, 000. 00 316, 922. 16 18. 32 1899.......... 50. 1 18, 200 302, 406. 80 1, 715. 36 22, 000.00 326, 122.16 17.92 1900........... 48. 5 17, 700 316, 123. 20 1, 715.36 1, 715. 36 25, 000.00 342, 838 56 19.37 1901........... 50.7 18, 500 342, 612. 20 1, 715. 36 31,639.75 375,967.31 20. 32 2216 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 TABLE 10.--Amount and cost of uwater delivered to water department for dis- tribution to the oonsumers---Continued Amount of water Cost of water . Fiscal year lillion Million Mainte- gallons Per gallons Interest at Deprecia- nance and Total million per day per year operation gallons 1902 1...... __ 56. 0 20, 400 $379, 433. 60 $2, 235. 76 $22, 000.00 $403, 669.36 $19. 79 1903----------- 58. 3 21, 300 403, 433. 60 8, 007. 84 33, 000. 00 444, 441.44 20. 87 1904........... 63. 0 23,100 462, 577. 40 8, 156. 04 33, 000. 00 503, 733. 44 21. 81 1905 2i........ 1906--.._66. 70. 6 12 25,800 24,100 463, 766. 20 463, 766. 20 8,156. 04 41, 893. 03 33, 000.00 81, 427. 76 504, 922. 24 587, 086. 99 19. 57 24.36 1907....----------- 66. 95 24, 400 463, 796. 20 41, 893. 03 111, 850. 76 617, 539. 99 25. 31 ----------- 1908 ... 64. 93 23, 800 464, 710. 60 42, 002. 81 155, 958. 09 662, 671. 50 27. 84 1909....----------- 61. 25 22, 300 464, 710. 60 42, 069. 41 115, 000. 00 621, 770. 01 27. 88 1910_--. 59. 19 21, 600 465, 889. 00 42, 069. 41 115, 000. 00 622, 958. 41 28. 84 ----------- 1911 .. 60. 35 22, 000 468, 214. 40 42, 069. 41 115, 000. 00 625, 283. 81 28.42 1912 _ -----... 61.95 22, 600 472, 589. 20 42, 069. 41 157, 365. 01 672, 023. 62 29. 73 1913....----------- 57. 44 20, 900 473, 857. 20 42, 069. 41 125, 570. 84 641, 497. 45 . 30. 69 1914.... 56. 43 20, 600 475, 132. 20 42, 069. 41 125, 500. 00 642, 701. 61 31. 20 1915--...--------- 54. 54 19, 900 476, 250. 40 42, 102. 41 126, 190. 54 644, 543. 35 32. 39 ----------- 1916.... 51. 91 19, 000 476, 370. 40 42, 216. 21 123, 804. 77 642, 391. 38 33. 81 1917--...--------- 53.81 19, 700 477, 790. 20 42, 216. 21 131, 915. 55 651, 921. 96 33. 09 1918-----------. 62. 67 22, 900 486, 159. 80 42, 216. 21 215, 320. 58 743, 696. 59 32. 48 1919- 65. 26 23, 800 487, 343. 80 42, 216. 21 179, 697. 50 709, 257. 51 29. 80 1920-----------.... 66. 75 24, 300 489, 939. 80 42, 163. 74 165, 987. 83 698, 091. 37 28.77 1921..----------- 64. 49 23, 500 489, 968. 80 42, 163. 74 163, 034. 84 695,176. 38 29. 58 1922--....... -63. 71 23, 200 293, 354. 60 42, 185. 58 224, 278. 36 759, 818. 54 32. 75 1923--.... . _ 64. 63 23, 600 509, 504. 60 42, 185. 58 197, 114. 22 748, 804. 40 31.73 1924_---. -- _.-65. 47 23, 900 558, 726. 40 42, 302. 58 195, 568. 96 796, 597. 94 33. 33 1925 .....------ 66. 56 24, 300 646, 685. 20 42, 302. 58 196, 661. 98 885, 649. 76 36. 44 1926....----------- 69. 28 25,200 720,722.60 42,302.58 196, 616. 30 959, 641. 48 38. 08 1927---------.. 69. 86 25, 500 808, 752. 80 42, 302. 58 196, 687. 23 1, 047, 742.61 41. 10 1928 3 .. 72. 46 26, 500 836, 893. 24 112, 437. 79 202, 210. 00 1,151, 541.03 43. 45 1929----------- 75. 99 27,736 864, 594.92 112, 437. 79 433, 000. 00 1, 410, 032. 71 450. 84 1930----------- 82. 00 29, 921 865, 307. 00 117, 322. 17 441, 000. 00 1, 423, 629. 17 47. 58 1The Washington City Tunnel and McMillan Park Reservoir were completed. 2The McMillan Park filtration plant was completed. 3 The project for increasing the water supply was completed. 4 Includes cost of pumping to first, second, and third high services. TOTAL EXPENDITURES The total expenditures under the appropriation for the fiscal year, including outstanding liabilities, were $441,000. The distribution of expenditures was as follows: Cost per Total million gallons Collecting system ...--------------------------------------------------- $59, 514. 70 $1. 99 Purification system-. - . - . -. -. -. ___ _280, ................. 107. 90 9. 36 D i st ribDistibuionsysem--------------------------------------------- utio n s ys te m _ . . __ __ . . ._ ___. . . . .. . _.__ . . __._. ... . .__ 10,7.4 10 1, 3 7 7. 40 3.3 . 38 Total------------ ------------------------------------------- 441, 000. 00 14. 73 The War Department appropriation act for the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1930, approved February 28, 1929, carried an item for an examination and survey of the Conduit Road from the District of Columbia line to Great Falls, Md., of Cabin John Bridge and of land contiguous to that part of such road and to such bridge, for the purpose of making recommendations for improving and widening the road and bridge, together with estimates of probable cost of carrying out such work, for which $3,000 was appropriated. Report, recommendation, and estimates of cost were submitted under date of April 21, 1930. - WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT 21~7 PROPOSED OPERATIONS (a) Funds appropriated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931, by the District of Columbia appropriation act, approved July 3, 1930, will be used as follows: For operation, including salaries of all necessary employees, maintenance and repair of Washington Aqueducts and their accessories, including Dalecarlia, Georgetown, McMillan Park, First, Second, and Third High Service Reservoirs, Washington Aqueduct Tunnel, the filtration plants, the pumping plants, and the plant for the preliminary treatment of the water supply, ordinary repairs, grading, opening ditches, and other maintenance of Conduit Road, purchase, installation, and maintenance of water meters on Federal services, purchase, care, repair, and operation of vehicles, including the purchase and exchange of one passenger-carrying motor vehicle at a cost not to exceed $1,200; purchase and repair of rubber boots and protective apparel, and for each and every pur- pose connected therewith, $441,000. (b) The amounts which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 (estimated), are as follows: For operation, including salaries of all necessary employees, maintenance and repair of Washington Aqueducts and their accessories, including Dalecarlia, Georgetown, McMillan Park, First and Second High Service Reservoirs, Wash- ington Aqueduct Tunnel, the filtration plants, the pumping plants, and the plant for the preliminary treatment of the water supply, ordinary repairs, grad- ing, opening ditches, and other maintenance of Conduit Road, purchase, installa- tion, and maintenance of water meters on Federal services, purchase, care, repair, and operation of vehicles, including the purchase and exchange of one passenger-carrying motor vehicle at a cost not to exceed $1,200; purchase and repair of rubber boots and protective apparel, and for each and every purpose connected therewith, $450,000. Nothing herein shall be construed as affecting the superintendence and control of the Secretary of War over the Washington Aqueduct, its rights, appurte- nances. and fixtures connected with the same, and over appropriations and expenditures therefor as now provided by law. Contract in,force-Hire of caterpillar traveling crane Lessee_------------------------ G. B. Mullin Co. (Inc.), Washington, D. C. Date of lease________ February 10, 1930. Date of commencement ______----February 10, 1930. Date fixed for completion -- __-- Expiration of 50 working pay days. Amount of contract-------- $2,250. Completed at end of fiscal year ---- 100 per cent. Final payment made-------- April 28, 1930. Financial summary, as of June 30, 1930 Unexpended Washington water supply Appropriated Reverted to orheld in Expended to Treasury surplus fund June 30, 1930 Total to June 30, 1929 - 1$27, 155, 515. 73 $339, 891. 87 2 $67, 705. 79 $26,747,918.07 Act of Feb. 25, 1929_ -- 441, 000. 00 - - ---------- 3 441, 000. 00 Grand total ---------------------- 27, 596, 515. 73 339, 891. 87 67, 705. 79 27, 188, 918. 07 1 Includes the appropriations for "Increasing water supply" and "Water main and addition to Rno Reservoir," the financial summaries of which are shown elsewhere in this report. 2 Reno Reservoir. Includes outstanding liabilities. 2 i REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERSji S: ARMY, 1930 Financial summary, as of June 30, 1930-Continued DIVISION OF EXPENDITURES Paid by- Units Total United States District of Water Depart- Columbia ment ,Collecting system: Construction......... _----------- - $4, 464, 104. 17 $2, 170, 120. 17 $132, 062. 90 $6, 766, 287. 24 Maintenance_--..- ...------ _-_ 780, 991. 26 518, 147. 74 536, 838. 24 1, 835, 977. 24 -Purification system: Construction-.. ...........- - -_ - 4, 653, 932. 00 4, 617, 186. 91 1, 015, 772. 15 10, 286, 891.06 Maintenance.. ......... _---------- 434, 939. 25 434, 939. 25 2, 503, 761. 06 3, 373, 639. 56 Distribution system: Construction..---------- _ -- _ 1, 846, 764. 83 2, 284, 871. 03 460, 715. 50 4, 592, 351. 36 Maintenance---_ -..........--...... 6, 386. 21 2, 386. 19 101, 377. 40 110, 149. 80 :Spring water supply (old)-...__...__ -. 223, 621.81 ------------------------------- 223, 621.81 Total.......................... 12, 410, 739. 53 10, 027, 651. 29 4, 750, 527. 25 27, 188, 918. 07 Total construction .------------- - 10, 964, 801. 00 9, 072, 178. / 1, 608, 550. 55 21, 645, 529. 66 Total maintenance_.---------..... . 1, 222, 316. 724 955, 473. 18 3, 141, 976. 70 5, 319, 766. 60 Total spring-water supply ........ ___ 223, 621. 81 -------------------------- 223, 621. 81 Total ....------ ---------------....... 12,410, 739. 53 10, 027, 651. 29 4, 750, 527. 25 27, 188, 918.07 Washington Aqueduct, D. C., maintenance 1928: July 1, 1929, balance unexpended ________________----- $723. 71 June 30, 1930, amount expended during fiscal year____________ ---------- July 1, 1930, balance carried to surplus fund_____________ 723. 71 1929: July 1, 1929, balance unexpended_-------------------- 46, 730. 11 June 30, 1930, amount expended during fiscal year------------ 46, 058.45 July 1, 1930, balance available_______________-- 671.66 1930: Amount appropriated by act approved Feb. 25, 1929----------441,000. 00 June 30, 1930, amount expended during fiscal year-______ ___ 413, 613.32 July 1, 1930, balance unexpended_-..------ _____ -______27, 386. 68 - July 1, 1930, outstanding liabilities_____ ______ _______ 27, 386. 68 Examination and survey of Conduit Road, Maryland, 1930 Amount appropriated by act approved Feb. 28, 1929 ____________ $3, 000. 00 June 30, 1930, amount expended during fiscal year________________ 3, 001). 00 INCREASING WATER SUPPLY, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA District engineer: Maj. Brehon Somervell, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Lieut. Col. Henry C. Jewett, Corps of Engi- neers, to October 27, 1929; Col. H. B. Ferguson, Corps of Engineers, since October 27, 1929. Location and description.-The work includes the preparation of plans and the building of structures for an increased water supply for the District of Columbia, in accordance with Potomac project E, described in the report published as Senate Document No. 403, Sixty-sixth Congress, third session. This project includes a new intake gate chamber above the present intake from the Potomac River at Great Falls and a new aqueduct, nearly parallel to the present one, from this intake to the north end of Dalecarlia Reser- voir. It also includes a rapid sand filtration plant, located on the INCREASING WATER SUPPLY, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 2219 west side of the Conduit Road, just below the District of Columbia line; a hydroelectric plant located west of the filtration plant for generating electric current to be used in pumping the filtered water; a pumping station at the filtration plant; a storage reservoir, located in the District of Columbia between Dalecarlia Reservoir and the Bureau of Standards, for storing water to supply the second high service; a storage reservoir, located east of the present Georgetown Reservoir, for the first high service, and the necessary pipe lines for carrying the filtered water from the new filtration plant to the first, second, and third high-service areas. The new additional water-supply works are being used for purify- ing and supplying water to all the high areas within the District of Columbia where pumping is required to lift the water to the required elevation. Previous projects.-Variousprojects for increasing the water sup- ply for the District of Columbia have been studied at various times in recent years. Reports thereon were published, as described on page 2114 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1929. Existing project.-The Federal water power act approved June 10, 1920, appropriated the sum of $25,000 for an investigation and the submission of plans and estimates for an increased water supply for the District of Columbia. The duty of making this investigation was assigned to the District engineer, Washington, D. C., whose re- port, published as Senate Document No. 403, Sixty-sixth Congress, third session; was adopted by the act of Congress approved June 30, 1921, making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1922, and for other purposes, which appropriated $200,000, to be expended in accordance with Potomac project E, described in that report. The act making appropriations for the government of the District of Columbia for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1923, and for other purposes, approved June 29, 1922, placed the revised estimated cost of project E at $8,738,000, appropriated $1,500,000 and authorized contracts not to exceed in the aggregate the sum of $1,450,000 additional. The act approved February 28, 1923, making appropriations for the government of the District of Columbia for the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1924, and for other purposes, appropriated $1,500,000: for continuing the work and allowed authorizations not to exceed in the aggregate the sum of $6,150,000, including all appropriations and contract authorizations therein and theretofore made. This act also provided that the Secretary of War shall submit to Congress, on the first day of the next and each succeeding regular session of Con- gress until the entire project shall have been completed, a report showing the progress of the work and any revised estimates of cost, etc. The act approved June 7, 1924, making appropriations for the government of the District of Columbia for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, and for other purposes, appropriated $1,500,000 for continuing the work and allowed authorizations not to exceed in the aggregate the sum of $8.900,000, including all appropriations and contract authorizations therein and theretofore made. The act approved March 3, 1925, making appropriations for the government of the District of Columbia for the fiscal year ending 2220 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 June 30, 1926, and for oiher purposes, appropriated $2,500,000 for continuing'the work and allowed authorizations not to exceed in the aggregate the sum of $9,169,000, including all appropriations and contract authorizations therein and theretofore made. The act approved May 10, 1926, making the appropriations for the government of the District of Columbia for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1927, and for other purposes, appropriated $1,500,000 for continuing the work. The act approved March 2, 1927, making appropriations for the government of the District of Columbia for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1928, and for other purposes included the following item: For the laying of approximately 21,000 feet of 48-inch water main from the intersection of Nebraska and Wisconsin Avenues to Georgia Avenue and Mili- tary Road, and for an addition to Reno Reservoir, $700,000, to be available immediately, of which amount $363,500 shall be paid from the revenues of the water department and $336,500 from the revenues of the District of Columbia, this.work to be done. under contract entered into by the United States Engineer office. Expenditures under this item are covered in a separate statement under the head " Costs and Financial Summary" at the end of this report. No further funds have been requested or appropriated for the completion of this project. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Local cooperation.-Of the appropriations so far made, $25,000 has been appropriated wholly out of the revenues of the United States, $3,200,000 out of revenues payable 60 per cent by the District of Columbia and 40 per cent by the United States, and of the balance after June 30, 1924, the District of Columbia will pay all required above lump sum appropriated from United States revenues. Operations and results during fiscal year-Construction of the tunnel for the second h4i serviee.-Work under the contract with Allen Pope, of Washington, D. C., was completed July 14, 1927, and all but $500 of the amount due has been paid. This amount is withheld for the reason that the contractor has not yet restored the site of the work to proper conditions and has not removed from the premises all of his buildings, machinery, etc., as required by the contract. The contractor has filed suit in the Court oi Claims. Conruction of third high, reservoir.-Work by day labor con- sisted of planting trees and shrubbery, constructing a circulating con- duit within the reservoir, constructing a roof-drainage system, con- structing two ventilating houses on top of the roof, and sealing shrinkage cracks in the walls. Upon its completion this reservoir will be transferred to the charge of the Commissioners of the District of Columbia. Second and third high pipe lines.-The second high pipe line and the second high tunnel between Forty-fourth and Upton Streets and Seventeenth and Taylor Streets and the third high pipe-line exten- sion between Thirty-ninth and Fessenden Streets and Georgia Ave- nue and Military Road were turned over to the Commissioners of the District of Columbia on February 4, 1930. INCREASING WATER SUPPLY, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 2221 The total expenditures during the year, exclusive of those for the construction of the third high reservoir, were $2,831.09 for lands and easements. Itemized statement of expenditures and obligations to June 30, 1930 New conduit--- -- --------------------------------- $3, 008, 957.23 Cross-connection gate chambers and repairs to old conduit------- 255, 766. 13 Pipe lines --------------------------------------------- 1, 266, 332. 61 Reservoirs, first and second high-, __------ 684, 249. 61 Tunnel, second high---------------------------- --------- 304,263.67 Filter plant- ------. __.-----------_ 2, 309, 177. 80 Pumping stations--------- ----------------- 463, 585. 12 Power plant----- -------------------------------- 392, 061. 47 Washington City tunnel repairs___------------ -------- 40, 706. 36 Total-------------------------------------------8, 725, 100. 00 Increase of compensation----------------------------------- 34, 265. 76 Total ------------------------------------------- 8, 759, 365. 76. PROPOSED OPERATIONS The purchase of lands and easements will be completed. Contracts in force-Construction of second high tunnel Contractor llen Pope, Washington, D. C. A------------------------------ Date of contract --------------------------- Dec. 3, 1924. Date of approval-------------------------- Dec. 18, 1924. Date of commencement -__---_____----- Jan. 23, 1925. Date fixed for completion___________________ Dec. 24, 1926. Amount of contract___________________________ $230,270. Completed at end of fiscal year---------------100 per cent. Final payment ---------------------------- Not yet made. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930_-------- ------ _____ $8, 716,811.98 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1930_ Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930---------- 8, 716, 811.98 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ------------------------ -20.00 Net total expenditures_...._____ ______-..___ 8, 716, 791.98 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930-- __--- ------- __ -- ___ 8, 308. 02 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930______________ 8, 725, 100. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-------- ---- $1, 851, 537. 28 $2, 200, 758. 92 $630, 457. 44 $55, 063. 64 $2, 851. 09 Cost ofmaintenance.... Total expended . ----.............. 1,851, 537. 28 2, 200, 758. 92 714, 647. 48 64, 079. 34 2, 831.09 A pp rop riat e d - ----- -- -- -- - -- -- -- 1, 500 , 000 . 00 _ Balance unexpended July 1, 1929_ $11, 139. 11 Gross amount expended ------------------------------------ 2, 831. 09 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------------------- 8,308. 02 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930_ 7, 808. 02 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts-_ . . _ _-----_-_ 500. 00 8, 308. 02 2222 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 48-INCH MAIN AND RENO RESERVOIR Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930---------------------------$633, 230. 46 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930-------------------------- 936. 25 Net total expenditures ------------------------------- 632, 294. 21 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930----------------------- 67, 705. 79 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----- -______ 700, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work----.....---.....-------------- -------------- _ $503, 180. 96 $116, 627. 49 $13, 422.01 Cost of maintenance ........--------------.... -------- ------------------------------------- --------- Total expended----------------------------------- 502, 091. 36 115, 232. 21 14, 970. 64 Appropriated......---------------------................. --..... ---...--........$700,000.00 ------- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ------------------------------- $82, 676. 43 Gross amount expended---------------------------------------- 14, 970. 64 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930____________________ _ 67, 705. 79 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930--------------------------12, 000. 00 Balance available June 30, 1930 ------------- - 55, 705. 79 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930----_--_------- 55, 705. 79 RESERVATION AND MONUMENT, WAKEFIELD, VA., THE BIRTHPLACE OF GEORGE WASHINGTON District engineer: Maj. Brehon Somervell, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Lieut. Col. Henry C. Jewett, Corps of Engi- neers, to October 27, 1929; Col. H. B. Ferguson, Corps of Engineers, since October 27, 1929. Location and description.-Wakefield, the birthplace of George Washington, is located in Westmoreland County, Va., on the west bank of Pope Creek, 1 mile above its mouth. Pope Creek is a small, tidal stream flowing into the Potomac River 74 miles below Washing- ton, D. C. Originalcondition.-The land now included in the Wakefield reser- vation was originally a part of a farm and without any marker to indicate the location of the old Washington home. The place.was inaccessible to visitors, as there were no river landings or roads lead- ing to the vicinity. Previous project.-By act approved June 14, 1879 (21 Stats. 50), and amended February 26, 1881 (21 Stats. 519), Congress authorized the construction of the monument now marking the location of the birthplace of Washington and the acquisition of grounds and rights of way. By act approved February 25, 1893 (27 Stats. 756), Con- gress authorized the construction of a wharf in the Potomac River at a point convenient to the monument. The amount expended under these projects was $29,608. Existing project.-This provides for the maintenance, care and improvement of the reservation and monument. It began with the act of Congress approved May 28, 1896 (29 Stats. 164), providing RESERVATION AND MONUMENT, WAKEFIELD, VA. 2223 for a watchman and maintenance. The act of Congress approved February 12, 1925 (43 Stats. 929), in addition to providing for the continued care of the grounds, made an appropriation for the con- struction of a road and general improvement of the grounds. By act of Congress approved January 23, 1930, Public, No. 34, Seventy-first Congress, funds were authorized for moving the monu- ment and constructing a replica of the house in which George Wash- ington was born, and further provided for the administration of the reservation by the National Park Service, Department of the Interior. And by act of Congress approved March 26, 1930, Public, No. 78, Seventy-first Congress, the transfer of all funds, etc., to the National Park Service was authorized. Recommended modifiactions of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Local cooperatiomn.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The site of George Washington's birth- place has been preserved, the grounds have been made accessible to the public, and an increasing number of tourists visit the reservation. Operations and results from July 1, 1929, to March 31, 1930.-The monument, grounds, and miscellaneous structures, were maintained and repaired at a cost of $1,178.87. The roads and fences were main- tained at a cost of $477.68. A total of 7,000 persons visited the grounds during the period. The total cost for the period was $1,656.55, all applied to mainte- nance. The total expenditures were $1,503.82 by this office, and $152.73 by the National Park Service. In accordance with act of Congress approved January 23, 1930, Public No. 34, Seventy-first Congress, jurisdiction over the monument and grounds, birthplace of George Washington, Wakefield, Va., was transferred to the National Park Service, Department of the Interior. On March 31, 1930, all records and property pertaining thereto were turned over to that agency. An unexpended balance of $996.18 was transferred by the Secretary of the Treasury from the War Depart- ment to the Department of the Interior under date of April 2, 1930, which completed the formal transfer to the National Park Service. No further reports will be submitted by the Chief of Engineers on this project. Financialsummary IMPROVEMENTS, BIRTHPLACE OF GEORGE WASHINGTON, WAKEFIELD, VA. 1929 July 1, 1929, balance unexpended ------- - $64.09 Mar. 31, 1930, amount expended during year 6_____________ 64. 09 Mar. 31, 1930, balance available______ -- _ __------ -___ - .00 1930 Amount appropriated by act approved Feb. 28, 1929______ -- _ 2, 500. 00 Mar. 31, 1930, amount expended during year--------------- 1, 503. 82 Apr. 2, 1930, transferred to Interior Department--. ---------- 996. 18 11714--ENG 1930---140 2224 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 SURVEY OF NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES [Conducted by the United States Lake Survey Office, Detroit, Mich.] District engineer: Maj. James W. Bagrley, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. Edward H. §chulz, Corps of Engineers, to October 26, 1929; and Col. E. M. Markham, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Location and description.-The operations under appropriations " Survey of northern and northwestern lakes " cover the American waters of the Great Lakes and their connecting and outflow rivers from St Regis, on the St. Lawrence River, to the heads of Lakes Michigan and Superior; the natural navigable waters of the New York State canals; Lake Champlain; and Lake of the Woods and other boundary and connecting waters between said lake and Lake Superior. The operations have also been extended at times into Canadian waters to include main traveled courses for American com- merce, and boundary rivers where surveys were essential to the in- tegrity of the navigation charts. The areas of the various water- ways and the lengths of their shore lines are given on page 1690, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1915. Original condition.-Priorto 1841, when the work of the Lake Survey was begun, there were no charts of the Lakes except those of the British Admiralty, compiled from the surveys of Capt. H. W. Bayfield, of the Royal Navy, and not in general use by the masters of American vessels. These charts were of little use to the navigator, as they showed the depth of water in only a few places and but few of the many dangerous reefs and shoals. The commerce which was then largely confined to Lakes Erie and Ontario, was attended annually by much loss of life and property. Previous projects.-The initial appropriation for general surveys of the Lakes made in the act of Congress approved March 3, 1841, may be considered the date of adoption of the original project. Slight modifications in the scope of the work were made by sub- sequent appropriation acts as follows: March 3, 1849; March 3, 1853; March 3, 1869; March 3,1873; March 3,1881; August 7,1882; March 2,1889; June 6, 1900; June 28, 1902. The final appropriation previ- ous to the adoption of the existing project was provided by the sundry civil act of June 30, 1906. The aggregate of expenditures from the beginning of the work to and including those from funds appropriated by the act of June 30, 1906, is $3,973,897.31. For scope of previous projects, see page 3620 of Annual Report for 1916. Existing project.-The principal work of the Lake Survey is to secure and compile data affecting navigation of the Great Lakes and their connecting waters, including changes in lake levels and their causes, and to issue such data in the form of charts, bulletins, and reports for the purpose of protecting and aiding the lake commerce. It includes the maintenance of a complete series of charts, revised as nearly as possible to date of issue. The constantly changing condi- tions of shores, harbors, and channels and the changing requirements for lake vessels, which are gradually increasing in size, necessitate the continuance of surveys and investigations year after year with corresponding revision of the charts. NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES 2225 As a result of the suspension of surveys from 1880 to 1900, during a period of very rapid growth of lake traffic, the charts became entirely inadequate and virtually obsolete. A large amount of field work additional to a normal maintenance was necessary to regain the lost ground. Appropriations for this purpose were started in 1900. After a few.years of intensive surveys in the most important locali- ties it became evident that systematic resurveys over considerable areas of the lakes were necessary in order to modernize the charts. A program or project for such resurvey, formulated in 1907, is described in the annual report for that year. Since the project was adopted the scope of operations has been enlarged by acts of Con- gress approved March 4, 1911, June 23, 1913, and August 1, 1914, to include the natural navigable waters of the New York canals, Lake Champlain, and " the Lake of the Woods and other boundary and connecting waters between said lake and Lake Superior." The work is organized under the following divisions: (1) Surveys for charting purposes. (2) Preparing, correcting, printing, and issuing the charts. (3) Publishing and distributing descriptive annual bulletins, with monthly supplements and special notices to mariners supplementing the charts. (4) Investigation of lake levels with a view to their regulation, including observations and studies of hydraulic conditions in the outlets. Surveys-Great Lakes.--The existing general project, stated in detail in the Annual Report for 1907, pages 844 and 850, comprises the following work necessary to render the surveys and charts ade- quate to respond to all probable future demands, viz: Ascertainment and charting of lake depths in all significant regions of the Great Lakes to a plane 30 feet below the adopted low-water datum of the open lakes and 25 feet below the corresponding datum in the channels of the connecting rivers; completion of triangulation and precise. leveling needed to control properly the areas under survey; river- discharge measurements; investigations of lake levels; magnetic surveys in and near main vessel courses; and prompt examination of areas where obstructions to navigation have been reported. Surveys-New York State canalls.-The sundry civil act of March 4, 1911, provided that the survey be extended to include the lakes and other natural navigable waters of the New York State canals. The project contemplated revision and adjustment by field reconnaissance of all existing survey data pertaining thereto, supplemented by such ladditional topographic and hydrographic surveys as might be re- quired for the publication of navigation charts of these waters. Field work under this project has been completed, and the full set of charts has been published. Surveys-Lake Champlain.-The scope of operations was extended by the sundry civil act of June 23, 1913, to include Lake Champlain. Surveys of harbors and other important areas were commenced dur- ing the field season of 1928 and will be continued until sufficient data are available to revise the charts to conform to present conditions and requirements. Sur~veys-Bouwdary waters between the Lake of the Woods and Lake Superior.-The sundry civil act of August 1, 1914, extended the work of the lake survey to include these waters. The project provides for the preparation of navigation charts of the American waters of the Lake of the Woods, complete with hydrography, and 2226 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 for the preparation of charts of the remainder of the boundary waters without hydrographic detail, there being no commerce war- ranting the preparation of complete navigation charts except on the Lake of the Woods. Charts.-The existing chart project, adopted April 17, 1909, pro- vides for revising old charts and preparing new ones. Further de- tails concerning it and a detailed statement of the work required to complete it are printed on pages 1918-1923 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1917. The number now in force, including two charts of the Lake of the Woods, is 120. The proposed series will include 8 additional charts- 6 of the boundary waters from Lake of the Woods to Lake Superior, and 1 each of the Lake Champlain and the Great Lakes series. One of the present charts will be printed as an inset on an existing coast chart and 1 will be discontinued. The series as now contemplated will therefore contain 126 separate charts as follows: Estimated number of Lake Survey charts of Great Lakes------------- 106 Charts of natural navigable waters of the navigation system of New York State canals ------------------------ ---- -------- 7----- Charts of Lake Champlain---------- --------------------------- 5 Charts of Lake of the Woods and adjacent boundary waters------------ 8 Number of charts contemplated in series----------------------126 This is not considered a final and definite determination of the number of charts that will be needed., Changing conditions may indicate later the advisability of discontinuing some of those now issued or may show the need of charts not provided for in this project. Bulletins.-The work pertaining to the Bulletin of the Survey of Northern and Northwestern Lakes consists in publishing an annually revised volume of coast and harbor descriptions, etc., issued in April, and seven supplements containing changes and additions issued monthly from May to November. Investigation of lake levels.-The present general project is the continuation and extension of that published in the Annual Report for 1898, pages 3774-3776, which proposes the determination of the following questions: 1. The laws of the flow in the interlake and outflow rivers at various stages of water. 2. The causes and extent of fluctuations of lake levels from year to year. 3. The effect on lake levels of Government improvements already made or that may be made. 4. The effect on lake levels of the Chicago Drainage Canal or other like artificial outlet. 5. The practicability and advisability of regulating lake levels by dams or locks and dams. 6. The nature and effect of currents, with special reference to the transporta- tion of loose material and its obstruction of channels. 7. The effect of gales, storm waves, and barometric pressure on lake levels and currents. 8. Ice effects as respects action on channels and interference with navigation. The work required in the series of observations may be summarized as fol- lows: (a) Measurements of discharge through and surface slopes of lake- connecting channels; (b) soundings and borings in rivers and lakes; (c) lake current observations and measurements; (4) continuous records of water gages, force and direction of winds, and other meteorological data at selected stations. NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTER LAKES 222 A hydrograph, showing the monthly mean of water levels of the 'different lakes from January 1, 1860, to and including June, 1930, is published herewith. Estimated cost of the work.-The cost of additional new work re- quired to complete the resurveys on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain in accordance with the existing project is estimated at $103,000, provided funds are made available annually in amounts that can be expended most economically and effectively. The cost of maintenance work, which includes revision and reissue of charts, revisory surveys of harbors, and miscellaneous investigations of obstructions to navigation, observation and study of lake levels, publication of bulletins, supplements and notices to mariners, and other continuing necessary activities, is estimated at $114,000 for the fiscal year 1931, but as new work now under way is completed, the -... -annual cost of maintenance probably will increase. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Effect of improvement. The present degree of safety to life and property in the navigation of the Great Lakes is largely due to the work of the lake survey. It has been an important factor in bring- ing about the low freight rates on these waters, which, roughly, are but about one-thirteenth of the average rail ton-mile rate. Operations and results during the fiscal year-Survevys.-Four parties were at work in the field on July 1, 1929, and operations were -continued until November 17. Three parties were organized in the spring of 1930. Work was begun on May 6 and continued until the -end of the fiscal year. Localities and character of work are as follows : Lake Superior.-Easterly of a line between Bateau Rock and Manitou Island Light, Mich., deep-sea soundings and magnetic surveys; entrance to Presque Isle Harbor, Mich., sounding and sweeping; Tobin Harbor, Marquette, Munis- ing, and Grand Marais, Mich., observations for magnetic declination and dip; Munising and Grand Marais, Mich., revisory surveys. Lake Huro.--Detour Reef, sounding and sweeping; northerly end of lake between lines Detour-Nine Mile Point and Mississagi Strait-Adams Point, deep- sea sounding and magnetic surveys. Lake Michigan.-From southerly end of lake to line, Holland, Mich.-Racine, Wis., deep-sea sounding and magnetic surveys. St. Clair River.-At dry-dock section and east of Stag Island, discharge meas- urements; from Stag Island to head of river, and from Recors Point to Al- gonac, Mich., sounding; Port Huron and Marysville, topography; vicinity of Point Edward, Ontario, sections Culvert, Fish, and Arthur of 1899 and section Gorge of 1908, re-sounded and re-marked; Port Huron to Algonae, precise levels. Detroit River.-Seven separate channels in the lower river between Grosse Isle, Mich., and the Canadian shore, discharge measurements; Stony and Bois Blanc Islands, the Livingstone Channel Dikes, and the Canadian shore from Ouelettes to opposite the foot of Bois Blanc Island, precise levels. Lake Cthamplim.-Rouses Point, N. Y., harbor, sounding; easterly arm of lake north of Burlington, Vt., reestablishment of triangulation control: Alburg, Vt., topographic survey; ] ast Alburg, Lakewood, Maquam, North Hero, South Hero, and intermediate localities along the shores of the easterly arm of the lake, minor surveys for chart-revision data. Lake of the Woods.-Westerly and southwesterly of Bigsby Island to mouth of Rainy River, triangulation control, shore-line topography, sounding, and sweeping. Rlain Lake.-Westerly end of lake from crossing of Canadian National Rail- way to latitude 48 ° 43', including Stanjikoming and Hay Marsh Bays, triangu- lation and stadia control for aerial survey. Miscellaneous.-Inspection, care, and repair of gages, observation of surface and bottom-water temperatures, etc. 2228 REPO: OF CHIEF OF E N1EERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 Charts.--Duringthe year ended June 30, 1930, the chart division prepared and issued 33 corrected charts and 1 new chart. At the end of the fiscal year plates for 19 existing charts were being corrected for current changes preparatory to printing maintenance editions; also 2 new charts were in course of preparation. The number of charts sold during the year by the Detroit office was 19,769 and by the Buffalo, New York City, and Albany offices 2,903, the aggregate sales being 22,672. The .proceeds of sales. amouriting to $8,544.20, were deposited to the credit of the Treasurer of the United States. The Detroit office issued 3,951 charts for official use, and the Buffalo, New York City, and Albany offices 498, a total of 4,449. Bulletin, et.--The present edition of the bulletin is 2,150 copies. Supplements Nos. 3 to 7. Bulletin No. 38, were issued between July and November, 1929. Copy for Bulletin No. 39 was prepared during the winter and for- warded to the Public Printer in February. The edition was received in April. Supplements Nos. 1 and 2 were printed locally under contract and were issued in May and June, 1930. In addition to the periodical publications, mentioned above, 12 mimeographed notices of monthly stages of the Lakes, and several special noticesrelating to conditions of immediate concern to navi- gation were sent to -newspapers, vessel interests, and Government officials in the lake region. Similar information was also furnished from time to time to the Superintendent of Lighthouses, Eleventh District, for publication in weekly Notices to Mariners issued by the Lighthouse Service. Investigation of lake levels.-Twelve automatic gages and one staff gage were operated at the standard stations on the Lakes and connecting rivers throughout the year. In connection with hydrau- lic work, automatic gages were operated temporarily at Port Huron, Marysville, Villa Louise, St. Clair, and Marine City, Mich., on the St. Clair River, and at Windmill Point, Mamajuda, Gibraltar, Wy- andotte, and Livingstone Channel Lights Nos. 4, 6. and 10, on the Detroit River. Twenty measurements of discharge of the St. Clair River were made in August, 1929. The flow in seven separate channels in the lower Detroit River between Grosse Isle and the Canadian mainland was measured in May and June, 1930. Study of slopes and discharge capacities of the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers were continued and new formulas of flow were derived. The total cost for new work during the year was $71,319.98 and for maintenance $81,958.40, aggregating $153,278.38. The total ex- penditures during the year, after deducting receipts from sales, were $200,716.42. Condition at end of fiscal year.-It is estimated that the field work accomplished prior to 1907. when the present project for surveys on the Great Lakes was formulated, wilh furnish about 50 per cent of the aggregate survey data which will be available and of live value when the project is completed. On this basis the progress to June 30, 1930, is 98 per cent. The present status of operations is about as follows: The project work on triangulation, precise leveling, topog- NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES -2229 raphy, ordinary sounding (including sweeping), and hydraulic measurements is considered finished; deep-sea sounding is 54 per cent complete, and magnetic observations 99 per cent complete on land and 80 per cent on water. The project for New York State canal surveys has been completed. The resurvey of Lake Champlain, started in June, 1928, is about 72 per cent complete. The field work on the Lake of the Woods and adjacent waters was completed during the fiscal year. Chart,.-On June 30, 1930, there were in force 120 charts, compris- ing 106 of the Great Lakes, 4 of Lake Champlain, 7 of New York State canals, 2 of Lake of the Woods, and 1 Hydrographic Office chart of the Great Lakes. These charts are on sale at the Lake Survey office at Detroit, at the canal office at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., and at the United States Engineer offices in Buffalo, Albany, and -New York City. Complete sample sets are on file at the United States Engineer offices at Duluth, Milwaukee, Chicago, Grand Rapids, Cleveland, and Oswego, affording additional facilities for examination and selection before placing orders. From 1882 to June 30, 1930, a total sum of $127,075.59 was derived from the sale of charts and deposited in the United States Treasury. In all, 853,012 of these charts have been sold and issued for actual service. The following table shows the condition of work under the chart project at the end of the fiscal year: Lake survey charts of Great Lakes: Total number of new or revised charts comp'eted for both standards (geodetic datum and low water) on June 30, 1930--------------- 10 Charts revised for geodetic datum alone 1-------------- Charts revised for low-water reference alone---------------------- 1 Total unit count on June 30, 1930---------------------------- 106 Total number of inserts appearing on published charts on June 30, 1930 51 Total number of charts revised for geodetic datum (combining the 104 and 1 above) 1----------------- Total number of charts revised for low-water reference (combining the 104 and 1 above) ---------------------------------------- 105 Charts of New York State canals: Completed, based on both standards_--. 7 Charts of Lake Champlain: Completed, based on both standards --------- 4 Hydrographic Office charts: Charts of Lakes Erie and Ontario on Mercator projection__---------------------------------------- 1 Charts of Lake of the Woods series: Completed, based on both standards' 2 For completion of the chart project for the Great Lakes, Lake Champlain, and the New York canals as outlined on pages 1919-1922 of the Chief of Engineers Report for 1917, and of the chart project for Lake of the Woods and adjacent waters adopted April 24, 1928, the following work, a portion of which is well advanced, remained unfinished on June 30, 1930: (a) The preparation and issue of eight entirely new charts, viz, Burlington Harbor, Niagara River, and six charts of Lake of the Woods and adjacent boundary waters. (b) The preparation and issue of one new chart to replace a chart now obsolete or soon to become so, viz, Detroit River. (c) The revision for projection of one chart, viz, Portage Lake Harbor. (d) The preparation and addition to appropriate coast or other charts of two insets of harbors, one of which is to be newly engraved, viz, Ford River, Mich., and one to be reproduced from present harbor chart, viz, Fairport, Ohio. The bulletins, which contain descriptions of coast lines, harbors, channels, menaces to navigation, and other important information 2230 REPORT ROF o Eem Eo9 y Wi*f~ 193 0 supplementary.to the charts, but of too voluminous a character to be incorporated thereon, are issued free in connection with the:icharts. They are distributed annually according to a carefully revised mail- ing list, and a stock of the current bulletin and the supplements thereto is kept on hand for issue to new chart purchasers. Investigatigaion of lake levels.-Measurements of discharge in the St. Marys, St. Clair, Detroit, Niagara, and St. Lawrence Rivers have been made from time to time since 1899 with the purpose of deter- mining the existing laws of flow in these streams. The discharge of the St. Marys River is now under complete regulation and is no longer governed by levels of Lake Superior. The outlet of Lake Huron has undergone changes in regimen since 1910. Measurements of flow in the St. Clair River during the years 1924-1929 have furnished data for the derivation of a new discharge equation. The previously pub- lished formulas for the Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers are con- sidered applicable to present conditions. The present open-season flow from Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario are expressed by the following equations derived from measurements taken during the years indicated. Lake Huron (1924-29) : Discharge-703 (Harbor Beach, 554.30)1" (Harbor Beach, Cleveland) o.s. Lake Erie (1899-1900, 1907-8) : Discharge=3,904 (Buffalo, 558.32) .5. Lake Ontario (1911, 1913-14) : Discharge=3,428 (Oswego, 229.13)'5. Table of mean discharges Mean elevation for 70 years (1860-1929) above mean Corresponding mean discharge in cubic feet of sea level, in feet water per second 1 Lake Stage River Discharge Superior---....--------------------- 602. 23 St. Marys (under regulation). ....-.....------- Michigan-Huron .......---------------------- 580. 94 St. Clair ...--------------------------- 204, 000 575. 48 Detroit ---------------------------- St. Clair at Flats Canal_- .----..- __.. 208, 000 572.43 Niagara... ---------------------------- Erie..................-----......-----------------------.......... 206, 000 Ontario-.......--------..------.. --- _ 246. 11 St. Lawrence------------------------ 240.000 1The volumes of discharge are for open-season flow and for the St. Clair, Niagara, and St. Lawrence Rivers are derived from the formulas noted above. They do not include the flow in the Chicago Drainage Canal nor the flow from Lake Erie through the Welland and Erie Canals. The discharge for Detroit River is derived by adding a proportional amount of drainage for the Lake St. Clair Basin to the outflow through St. Clair River. Monthly means of water levels for stations named, expressed in feet above mean sea level [Adjusted levels of 19031 1929 1930 July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June Marquette-.... 602. 87 602.87 602. 83 602. 85 602. 77 602. 53 602. 28 602. 12 602.06 601.92 602. 24 602.57 Milwaukee .. 582.39 582.21 581.84 581. 56 581.10 580.85 580. 62 580.61 580. 73 580.86 581.03 581.10 Harbor Beach__ 582.33 582.20 581.86 581.40 581.23 580.72 580.61 580. 57 580. 74 580.77 680.91 581.04 Cleveland-...... 574.15 573. 78 573.39 572. 94 572. 79 572.77 573. 38 573. 23 573. 59 573.98 573.97 573.75 Oswego__-___248.36 248.00 247.45 246.96 246.66 246.45 246. 65 247.05 247. 66 247.99 248.07 248. 11 The temperatures of air and of surface water over the Lakes have been observed at special stations and by the field parties engaged on hydrographic and magnetic work for several years. These and other ELEV. ABOVE MEAN .EVE1, < - ,,I t -. I I aw< IQow *0C2Iuanz1 IoI1:11I I 2 x0 w 0 1 40 . . I n7 IRan poww%_w - - !I . - - - - - -- r - - -- - . mAo1 1Rl8 I 70 18 I 71 I*f7I 173 Cz itiW >k'A C ziVf i SI 1908 I7.o t 0 1 0YY: ] 9 I_9 I W 074 W 111 W tA&. W : rti .17 i, .a.w .' 1 I 19161 1Q00 yz $ I- lIn ! ,-r -Z-.;. .f 1'3.. I cIlt 19 1 .1919 !1119 . < 11920 I. x 1i11 A 1921I192?9 IIA I 0, z I lIR - XI 1 1Q17 1923' A A 92 - f... 603.0 -r y 601,0t. ii , . SIi IIt 601.058 01 583.0 M i 58469 1-1"L I__L_ ... 582.0 . T,; 602.0 58.0 21.8.98 582.0jt t s of 91 44- -. lT{ _. :: +-T-.:-4 i-4-i Lil" r.: 4 -TV TTT.... FIJI A,% .. + 1.i IVY., Erie I576. 11 574,.0 t ;-t 44+ +17: _,..11 .. .. t+T - r _ 2480 r $; L. tt -L-L - - - - - - - - - -. -. WATE TH GRAT LEVLS FLKES LJ1 I F - n1F~i(iAT. Si f- I IT I! o 0~x T E, iN The High Watr of 1838 above mean see+... . [ 244.0 X level for the Great Lakes was. i Superior 60 5. 32 ft 1:1 fit Michigane 5.4 ,,69#i i NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES meterological data are being compiled, and study :and analysis of the same are in progress for the purpose of determining the cause and probable extent of the fluctuations of lake levels and the nature and effect of lake currents. Costs and expenditures under existing project.-It is impracticable to determine separately the costs for new work and for maintenance since the adoption of the existing project. The approximate com- bined cost found by deducting expenditures under previous projects from the total cost of permanent work is $2,774,318.83. The total expenditures under the existing project up to June 30, 1930, amount to $2,892,449.52. Proposedoperations.-It is proposed to apply the balance of funds unexpended on June 30, 1930, as follows: Payment of outstanding liabilities, less reimbursable June 30, 1930__ $5, 029. 76 New work: Deep-sea sounding and magnetic surveys- Operation of Government steamer--- ......... _ $24, 800.00 Expenses of survey party, field and office-- 17, 200. 00 42, 000. 00 Survey of Lake Champlain- Operation of Government launch__- ..... ---- - 2, 500.00 Expenses of survey party, field and office-------- 13, 500.00 16,000. 00 Maintenance : Maintenance of gages, including, installation of new gage station at Iroquois Point-------------- --- ------- 10,000.00 Hydraulic surveys; Detroit, and St. Clair Rivers- Operation of Government launch----_-_-- - 2, 700. 00 Expenses of party, field and office---------- 17, 300. 00 20,x00. 00 Revisory surveys, including resurveys of harbors and investigation of menaces to navigation- Operation of Government craft-------------- 12, 000.00 Expenses of survey parties, field and office_.__ 14, 000.00 26,000. 00 Chart preparation, issue, correction, and sales--------------60, 539:02 Preparation of bulletin and preparation and publication of sup- plements ------------------------------------------- 3, 000. 00 Total 1-------------------------- The cost of operations will average about $18,000 per nonth prior to November 15 and after May ,, while survey parties are in the field, and about $1,000 per month during:the remainder of the year. It is expected that available ..funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1931. For utilizing existing organization and plant to the best advan- tage in furtherance of the project, work estimated to cost $175,000 can be profitably carried on during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, as follows: New work : Deep-sea sounding- Operation of Government steamer_--------------- $12, 800 .Expenses of party, field and -office...------------------ 9, 500 Maintenance : Maintenance of gages, including* new gage installation at Buffalo, N. Y._----------------------------- ------------ 8, 100 2232 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. AM Y, I9 3 0 Maintenance--Continued. Hydraulic surveys, including discharge measurements in outflow rivers- Operation of Government launch_ ----------------- $2, 700 Expenses of party, field and office__________________ 18, 000 $20, 700 Revisory surveys, including resurveys of harbors and investigations of menaces to navigation- Operation of Government launches, and part time of steamer ---------------------------------- 13, 500 Expenses of survey parties, office and field----------25, 700 39, 200 Revision of magnetic surveys- Operation of Government steamer___ __ ---- 12, 800 Expenses of party, field and office_ _-- ------ 9, 500 22, 300 Recovery and remarking of control points --------------- 3, 000 Chart preparation, correction, issue, and sales 6, 400 5---------------- Preparation of bulletin and preparation and publication of sup- plements ---------------------------------------------- 3, 000 Total----------------------------------------- 175, 000 The safety of present and future commerce on the Great Lakes is dependent to a large degree upon the accuracy and completeness of charts and bulletins. It is therefore important that new work be completed as soon as practicable and that revisory surveys be con- tinued to the extent necessary to provide mariners with prompt in- formation of changes affecting navigation. Works for improvement of navigation now being constructed, and contemplated, affect out- flow conditions and water levels of the Lakes, necessitating additional hydraulic surveys before and during the progress of such improve- ment. It is proposed to execute a thorough survey of conditions per- taining to outflow and diversions from Lake Erie or to apply the funds for like surveys in outlets of other Lakes should developments in the meantime indicate their greater urgency. Coat and fainanoial summary -Totalcost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------------- $6, 748,216. 14 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930----------- 121, 144. 70 Net total cost to June 30, 1930----------------------- 6, 869, 360. 84 Plus: accounts receivable June 30, 1930. ------------------- __ 4, 153. 54 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930--------- ------------ 6, 873, 514. 38 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930 ------------------------- 7, 167. 55 Net total expenditures____------------------ ----- 6, 866, 346. 83 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930'__ -______-------------- 182, 568. 78 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930------ 7, 048, 915. 61 Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-. -.............-.......... --.-.-.- - $86,090.49 $69,830.83 $71, 319.98 ..... Cost of maintenance_--------------------------- - 64,773.30 81, 991. 51 81, 958.40 Total cost...--------------------------- - -..150, 863. 79 151, 822. 34 153, 278 38 Total expended..--------------............ --- $142, 928.14 $183,159. 43 154, 161.12 144,083.90 200,716.42 Allotted .........-.. ............. ..-... . 145,000.00 181,000.00 159,000.00 150,000.00 217,000.00 INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY WATERS 2233 Balance unexpended July 1, 1929--------------------------- $166, 285. 20 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved May 28, 1930_-...... ___- -- __ $177, 000. 00 Amount allotted from first deficiency act, fiscal year 1930 ---------------------------------------- 40,000.00 217, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted -for ----------------------- 383, 285.20 Gross amount expended--- -------- -------------- 200, 737. 42 Less receipts from sales- --_ __ ------ 21. 00 200, 716.42 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930-------------------- 182, 568. 78 Outstanding Labilities June 30, 1930------------- 5, 221.16 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------- 3, 962. 14 9, 183. 30 Balance available June 30, 1930 -------- ----------- 173, 385. 48 Accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ---- ____----- ___------4, 153. 54 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930,_ _ _ 177, 539. 02 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriatedcfor. completion of existing project 1-- _----------------------------45, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1932 : For new work 1 _______________ 22,300. 00 For maintenance________________________________ 152, 700. 00 Total -------------------------------------------- 175, 000.00 INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY WATERS OPERATIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ST. CROIX RIVER BOARD OF CONTROL Description.-Constitutionand duties: In its order of November 9, 1915, approving the maintenance and operation of the dam built by the St. Croix Water Power Co., and the Sprague's Falls Manu- facturing Co. (Ltd.), across the St. Croix River at Grand Falls in the State of Maine, the International Joint Commission prescri)>ed .certain conditions, one of which was that: An officer to be appointed by the Governor General in Council of Canada, and one to be appointed by the Secretary of War of the United States shall form a board whose duty it shall be to formulate rules under which the sluice -gates, log sluices, power works, and storage dams are to be operated to pre- vent as nearly as possible a higher level than 202 (mean sea-level datum) and to secure to the users of water below Grand Falls the flow of water to which they are entitled. It shall be the further duty of this board to see that any rules or regulations now or hereafter made by the proper authority are duly obeyed. In accordance with that condition, the Secretary of War in Febru- ary, 1917, approved the appointment of Maj. F. A. Pope, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, as original member of the board for the United States. Subsequently the duty was assigned to each suc- ceeding representative of the engineer department in charge of the improvement of the St. Croix River. Col. Sherwood A. Cheney, Corps of Engineers, was the member for the United States during the fiscal year. As Canadian member of the board, Mr. W. J. Stewart, M. E. I. C., Chief Hydrographer of Canada, acted from his appointment in SExclusive of available funds. / 234 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 3 0 January, 1917, till his decease, and was succeeded by Mr. J. T. John- ston, M. E. I. C., director of the Dominion Water Power and Reclamation Service, who was appointed in May, 1925, and is still acting. In 1923, pursuant to an order issued by the International Joint Commission and subsequent agreement reached between the two Gov- ernments, the responsibilities of the board were extended to include the supervision of the operation of all fishways now or hereafter constructed or repaired on that portion of the St. Croix River that forms the international boundary, this supervision to include the duty of securing a sufficient flow of water through the fishways, and such examination of the plans of such fishways as may be necessary to ensure that adequate provision is made for the passage of such flow of water. Reports.-The first report dated December 9, 1918, states that cor- respondence had been maintained between the board and interested parties, that no complaints had been received, and that preparations were being made to collect data on gauge heights, discharge, and precipitation. In -September, 1926, an " Interim Report," prepared by Mr. J. T. Johnston, Canadian member, was submitted, giving a complete his- tory of the board, its duties and operations from date of organiza- tion aidjipaving the way for submission of concise annual reports covering each calendar year. This report describes a thorough and satisfactory inspection made on November 12 and 13, 1925, by him and associates. The operation of the dam at Grand Falls was found to be bene- ficial and satisfactory to all the mill interests below, water levels were being properly maintained and reported each month, and monthly records of the discharge of the St. Croix River at Bailey- ville were heing transmitted to the board by the United States Geo- logical _Srvey, tables of these for the years 1920 to 1925, inclusive, ith rspect to fishways, ample water supply was available and adequate provision made for the passage of such flow as is required for their operation. The reports for the-calendar years 1926, 1927, 1928, and 1929, were submitted in late February or early in March of the following year. The salientpoints in these are as follows: Poey of'te board.-The board has continued the policy which has governed its operations since its first appointment. Having in mind the fact that the St. Croix Water Power Co. and the Sprague Falls Manufacturing Co. had, at their own expense, constructed the Grand Falls Dam (partly used for storage purposes), as well as storage reservoirs in the upper watershed, for the purpose of better- ing the low flow conditions in the St. Croix River, and that all such benefits accrue to the power and other interests on the river below at no cost to such interests, the board has acted on the prin- ciple that its responsibilities under the order of the commission of ~November 9, 1915, will be fully met by leaving the regulation of the dam in.the company's hands, the board exercising the necessary super- vision over the regulation to insure the company's adherence to the requirements of the commission's order in respect to the maintenance IT TERUATIONAL BOTU~iDARY WATERS of proper water levels in the fore bay above the dam and to the protection of the interests of water users in the river below. Correspondence and inspections.-During these years the board kept in touch with conditions, receiving monthly reports of discharge of the river at Baileyville, and monthly reports of water elevations above and below the dam at Grand Falls. Annual inspections have been made by K. G. Chisholm, district chief engineer in charge of the operations of the Dominion Water Power and Reclamation Service in the Maritime Provinces, acting on behalf of the Canadian member, with regard to relations between the power interests, which have always been harmonious; and J. T. Calder, inspector of fisheries; and 0. Rigby, Overseer of Fisheries for the Province of New Brunswick, together with W. E. Parsons, Commissioner of Inland Fisheries for the State of Maine, cooperated with the board in seeing that fishways were properly maintained and regulated. Water levels and discharge.--A summary of the data furnished with the interim and four subsequent annual reports supplemented by corresponding headwater readings for the years 1920 to 1925 are as follows: Headwater elevation above Grand Daily discharge in cubic feet per Falls Dam 1 second at Baileyville, Me.i Years Maximum Minimum Mean Maximum Minimum Mean 1920-------- ------------------ 202. 93 198. 00 201.35 13, 100 720 2, 730 1921.......--------.....---------------- 202. 98 199. 18 201. 56 7, 140 442 1, 748 1922.----------- ------------- 202. 64 199. 41 201.65 6, 540 370 1, 558 1923..............------------------------ 203. 54 192. 50 200. 63 22, 900 380 2, 232 1924 -------------------------- 202. 31 198. 47 200. 71 6, 180 100 1,657 1925---------- -------------- 202. 97 200. 68 201. 74 7, 080 575 1, 983 1926.........-----------...---------... ----... 202. 77 200. 04 201. 86 9, 700 880 2, 533 1927..........---------...--------------... 202. 79 201.06 202.19 6, 540 715 2,594 1928-- ----------------------- 202. 68 201. 04 201.96 11, 400 952 2, 613 1929.---------------- ------ -- 202. 64 198. 68 201. 33 8, 010 612 1, 922 1920-1929....----------------.. ..---------- ...-----------....201.50 .............. - -............ 1Controlled high water called for is elevation 202 mean sea level. 2 Measurements computed and supplied by U. S. Geological Survey. s Mean for 10-year period 1920-1929. Operations during the fiscal year.-Throughout the fiscal year the board received each month a complete daily record of gage readings above the dam at Grand Falls and discharge at Baileyville. A report covering the operations of the board for the calendar year 1929 was submitted to the International Joint Commission, through the Chief of Engineers, under date of April 2, 1930. Proposed operations.-Only such correspondence and inspections as may be necessary to carry out the policy of the board quoted above under Description. LAKE MEMPHREMAGOG Lake Memphremagog lies in northern Vermont and southeastern Quebec. It is a long, narrow body of water, approximately 30 miles in length and 2.5 miles wide at the widest portion. The international boundary crosses it just north of latitude 450 about 7 miles to the north of the southern point. The principal indentations in the shore line on the Canadian side are Fitch and Sargent Bays. At Newport, O 2236 REPO~ OF CHIEF -OPBENGJNEsrR U. S ARMY, 19-3 0 Vt., about 2.5 miles from its southern end, the lake narrows to a few hundred feet. The shore as a whole rises steep from the water; there are limiting areas of low lying level land near the southern end, near the northern end, and at the heads of bays or indentations. To the south and east of the lake the country is lower and less rolling than farther north. The principal tributaries are the Black, Barton, and Clyde Rivers. The outlet of the lake is at its northern end into the Magog River, which flows generally northeast for about 15 miles into the St. Francis River. The principal communities on the lake are Newport, Vt., and Magog, Quebec. The upper section of the Magog River has a fall of about 35 feet within 0.75 of a mile from the foot of the lake and has for over a century been the site of some form of water-power development. A power dam crosses the river about 540 feet from the lake outlet. A petition was filed in 1920 by the city of Newport and the towns of Darby, Coventry, and Barton, all in Vermont, alleging that they had been injured by the raising of the level of Lake Memphremagog through the construction and operation of power plants on the Magog River in Canada, at the outlet of the lake. Upon the suggestion of the Dominion of Canada an engineer was designated by each of the respective Governments, forming an inter- national board to consider the matter and submit a joint recommen- dation to each Government as to the level or levels at which Lake Memphremagog should, so far as possible, be maintained. J. T. Johnston, Director of Dominion Water PoWer and Recla- mation Service, served as the Canadian member of the board during the year. The district engineer at Boston, Mass., served as the United States member. Action upon the question of levels in this lake was suspended for some time, at the request of local interests, to permit them to undertake certain negotiations. An estimate of the cost of the necessary surveys and engineering studies, in order to determine the level or levels at which the lake should be maintained, was made during the fiscal year, and it is contemplated that the survey will probably commence the latter part of the current fiscal year. PRESERVATION OF NIAGARA FALLS District engineer: Maj. Eugene Reybold, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. Edward H. Schulz, Corps of Engineers, to October 26, 1929; Col. E. M. Markham, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Description.-The historical facts pertaining to operations of the War Department in behalf of the preservation of the scenic grandeur of the Falls and rapids of Niagara River have been set forth from time to time in annual reports of the Chief of Engineers, either by comprehensive statement or by reference to pertinent and explana- tory documents. This history in brief, including matters of legisla- tion, treaty, investigation, report, licensing, and supervision of water diversion for power development, etc., may be followed in substan- tially complete outline and chronological order by reference to the following pages in Annual Reports of the Chief of Engineers and appendices thereto: Pages 1703-1705, Report of 1915; pages 2067- INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY WATERS 2237 2069, Report for 1920; and pages 2104-2105, Report for 1921. A more thorough consideration and comprehensive treatment of many of these matters, together with recommendations for treaty revision, construction of remedial or compensatory works, and further de- velopment of power is given in a War Department report issued in June, 1921, and entitled " Diversion of Water from the Great Lakes and Niagara River." A further report on the Falls of Niagara and the factors bearing upon their scenic beauty was submitted to the Chief of Engineers December 11, 1929, by the Special International Niagara Board ap- pointed by the Governments of the United States and Canada for that purpose. This report has been submitted to Congress and is to be printed as Senate Document No. 128, Seventy-first Congress, second session. Operations during the fiscal year.-Records of water levels above and below the Falls were obtained and filed. Records obtained from the Niagara Falls Power Co. furnish water elevations in the gorge of Niagara River at Station No. 3. The district engineer has four self-registering gages above the Falls: "Black Rock gage," at the west side of Black Rock Lock, Buffalo, N. Y., on the southerly side of the north gate abutment. Elevation of zero, 575.85 feet. "East Channel Gage No. 1," in the town of Tonawanda, N. Y., on the south side of the intake forebay of the Charles R. Huntley plant of the Buffalo Gen- eral Electric Co.; elevation of zero, 570.06 feet. "East Channel Gage No. 2," on the west shore of Tonawanda Island about 125 feet upstream from the North Tonawanda Waterworks settling basin; ele- vation of zero, 570.51 feet. "East Channel Gage No. 3" (Conners Island), at Niagara Falls, N. Y., -foot of Union Street, on intake crib of Union Carbide Co., reached via Hooker Elec- tro-Chemical Co.'s intake, being about 660 feet from the head of Conners Island; elevation of zero, 566.49 feet. East Channel Gages No. 1 and No. 2 are new gages installed on June 17, 1930. The Black Rock gage and Conners Island gage were discontinued during the winter and again put into operation on July 10, 1930, and June 17, 1930, respectively. Financial matters.-The maintenance of these gages and accumu- lation of records is for uses concerning the supervision of diversions of water for power development and for uses pertaining to the preservation of Niagara Falls. A large share of the cost of main- tenance has been charged against the former work. SUPERVISION OF POWER COMPANIES DIVERTING WATER FROM NIAGARA RIVER Description.-The supervision of power companies diverting water from Niagara River was commenced by the War Department in 1906, pursuant to an act of Congress, for the purpose of preserving the navigable capacity of the river, its integrity, and proper volume as a boundary stream, and the scenic grandeur of the Falls and rapids. Each Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers since that time has contained a statement of such operations for the preceding fiscal year, and some of them have given additional data and perti- nent information based upon special investigations and pertaining to matters outside the ordinary routine. Project.-The existing project comprises the supervision and in- spection for the War Department of the diversion of water from 2239 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGIEERS, U. S. ARMVY, 1930 Niagara River for power development, particularly with respect to the following license issued by the Federal Power Commission: License.-Project No. 16, the Niagara Falls Power Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y., 50-year license dated March 2, 1921; amended April 7, 1922, May 11, 1923, and December 13, 1926, authorizing the diversion of water for power purposes from the Niagara River above the Falls of Niagara, not exceeding in the aggregate a daily diversion at the rate of 19,725 cubic feet per second. A temporary license has since been issued authorizing an addi- tional increase of 275 cubic feet per second to and including August 31, 1930. The project includes also the'maintenance of certain water gages and accumulation of water-level records, as indicated previously herein. Operation during the fiscal year-the Niagara Falls Power Co.- Inspections were made by the district engineer several times during the past fiscal year and at least once every week by one of his repre- sentatives. The company submitted daily reports of operation in prescribed form showing for each hour of the day the power output of each major portion of the plant, the number of machines in opera- tion, the quantity of water consumed, and the quantity of water used for sluicing ice, or otherwise. The amount of water consumed in generating electric energy was determined by computation from switchboard observations of the power output. The reduction factors used in these computations have been derived with great care from the results of tests and ex- periments conducted from time to time either by employees of the United States or under their immediate supervision. The methods used since January, 1920, were approved by the Chief of Engineers January 19, 1920. (ED. 57243/4236.) The average diversion of water from Niagara River during the year by the Niagara Falls Power Co. and tenants was 19,984 cubic feet per second, an increase of 90 cubic feet in the average diversion for the preceding fiscal year, the maximum diversion at any one time being 23,984. The authorized diversion was, average, 20,000; maximum, 24,000. Water levels of Niagara River.-The maintenance of self-register- ing water gages and securing of records of water surface elevations at various points on the Niagara River in connection with the super- vision of water diversions by the power companies has been de- scribed heretofore in this report under the heading "Preservation of Niagara Falls." FINANCIAL SUMMARY The sum of $1,900.55 was expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, and represents a portion of allotment made for exam- inations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors. (See p. 1708 of this report.) SUPERVISION AND INSPECTION FOR THE FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION Project.-The project pertains to the license (project No. 16) to the Niagara Falls Power Co., mentioned previously. The duties to be performed include supervision and inspection for the Federal Power Commission of field operations and certain other matters. INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY WATERS 2280 Operations during the fiscal year-License project No. 16.-The Niagara Falls Power Co.: The engineer officer in charge kept -in ose touich with the development under this license by personal inspections, and by weekly inspections and reports of assistants. Monthly progress reports were submitted to the Chief of Engineers. The permittee made steady progress on the construction of project works as follows: Niagara plant: No changes of importance have been made in th's plant. The plant is now largely held in reserve, a few units being used intermittently to help carry peak loads. Hydraulic plant: The project is substantially complete atid in operation, the last unit, No. 21, having been put in operation August 15, 1924. Dredging in the river has been completed. On October 1, 1928, the Federal Power Commission issued to the Niagara Falls Power Co. a temporary license for the use of the re- mainder of the treaty waters, viz, 275 cubic feet per second. This temporary license will expire August 31, 1930, unless further exten- sion is granted. Financialmatters. The work has been carried on very largely in connection with other duties against which were charged the services of assistants. The Federal Power Commission made one allotment (No. 450) during the fiscal year to the district engineer Buffalo, N. Y., to be available for expenditure to June 30, 1930. The allot- ment was practically expended before the close of the fiscal year for nonpersonal services connected with this work. OPERATIONS OF THE NIAGARA CONTROL BOARD FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING CLOSER COOPERATION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND 01kNADA IN THE MATTER OF COit- TROLLING THE AMOUNT OF WATER DIVERTED FROM THE NIAGARA RIVER FOR THE GENERATION OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER In 1923 a board known as the Niagara Control Board was consti- tuted by the United States and Canada to measure and supervise the diversion of water from the Niagara River on both sides of the international boundary line. During the fiscal year J. T. Johnston, director of the Dominion Water Power and Reclamation Service, was the Canadian member. The United States was represented by Maj. Eugene Reybold, Corps of Engineers. U.Tnited States Army. This board was enlarged in 1926 by the addition of two members-Dr. J. Horace McFarland being the additional American member and Dr. Charles. Camsell the additional Canadian member. This en- larged board was constituted for the purpose of obtaining a joint presentation of engineering data in connection with scenic preserva- tion and other questions arising at Niagara Falls. Operations during the fiscal year.-Throughout the fiscal year the Niagara Control Board received a complete hourly record of the diversions at all plants. The first meeting of the enlarged international Niagara Control Board was held at Buffalo, N. Y., in November, 1996. Thereafter frequent meetings of the board were held, and under its direction certain computations and measurements were made with a view to determining how the scetic beauty of the falls and rapids could best be maintained, and by what means and to what extent the im- pairment thereof by erosion or otherwise might be overcome. An 11714---ENG 1930----141 224 REPORT .OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ACRMY, 1930 interim report was submitted by the board to the two Governments on December 14, 1927. On December 11, 1929, the Special Inter- national Niagara Board, as the enlarged board was known, sub- mitted its final report to the two Governments through channels, with recommendations in regard to remedial works, additional diversions, etc. OPERATIONS OF THE BOARD OF CONTROL TO CONTROL THE OPERATION OF THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER POWER CO.'S WORKS IN THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER NEAR MASSENA, N. Y. Description.-On September 10, 1917 (E. D. 38786/65), a permit was issued to the St. Lawrence River Power Co. to place a submerged rock weir in the South Sault Channel of the St. Lawrence River, which was subsequently approved by the International Joint Com- mission. In connection therewith, the whole matter of the diversion of water through the Massena power canal was investigated and studied and a report thereon submitted in November, 1922. Application of the company for permission to continue to maintain the weir was considered formally at a hearing before the Inter- national Joint Commission held in Washington on December 5 and 6, 1922. Following the hearing a further interim order of the com- mission was issued extending the permit for the weir, but stipulating among other things certain new construction and providing for an international board of engineers, one representing Canada and one representing the United States, to pass upon and control the new and old works involved. The members of the board during the fiscal year were J. T. Johnston for Canada and Lieut. Col. Robert S. Thomas for the United States until October 26, 1929, and Maj. Eugene Reybold .since that date. Operationsduring the fiscal yeah.-The board kept in touch with the conditions obtaining with respect to the diversion by means of monthly reports of the St. Lawrence River Power Co., showing the amount of water diverted and power-house performance from day to day. These records were reinforced by inspections of the weir and the improvements of the Cornwall Canal. The weir has been com- pleted to elevation 200 feet above sea level, has been accepted by the control board, and has been maintained in a manner which adequately meets the purpose for which it was designed. REGULATION OF THE LEVEL OF THE LAKE OF THE WOODS District engineer: Maj. P. C. Bullard, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. Edward H. Schulz, Corps of Engineers to October 26, 1929; Col. E. M. Markham, Corps of Engineers, since that date. LAKE OF THE WOODS, MINN. Location and description.-The Lake of the Woods is an irregu- larly shaped body of water 1,485 square miles in area, lying partly in northwestern Minnesota and partly in eastern Manitoba and west- ern Ontario, Canada. The southerly portion of the lake is an expanse of relatively shallow open water about 30 miles wide, bordered on the United States side in Minnesota by low and generally swampy shores. iNTERN ATIONAL BO-T DA Y WATERSS 2241 Original condition.-The lake remained in its natural condition until 1888, when the construction of the Rollerway Dam at one of its outlets near Kenora, Ontario, had the effect of raising the natural level of the lake an average of about three feet, which amount was reduced to about 1.5 feet between 1893 and 1898. Under the author- iy of the.government of Ontario, the Norman Dam was;built in the Winnipeg River, about one mile below the Rollerway Dam, between 1&893 and 1895. It was placed in operation in 1898 and has had the effect of raising the natural high-water level of the lake an average of about 21/4 feet during the years from 1898 to date. Existing project.-To carry into effect the provisions of the con- vention between the United States and Great Britain proclaimed July 17, 1925, for the regulation of the level of the Lake of the Woods in order to secure to the inhabitants of the United States and Canada the most advantageous use of the waters thereof, and of the waters flowing into and from the lake on each side of the boundary between the two countries. The treaty provides for the establishment and maintenance of a Canadian Lake of the Woods Control Board which shall regulate and control the outflow of the waters of the lake, and for the estab- lishment and maintenance of an International Lake of the Woods Control Board, composed of two engineers, one representing the United States and the other representing Canada, to whose approval the rate of total discharge shall be subject whenever the elevation rises above elevation 1,061 or falls below elevation 1,056, sea level datum. The members of the international board during the fiscal year were Maj. P. C. Bullard, Corps of Engineers, for the United States, and Mr. J. T. Johnston for the Dominion of Canada. The convention, together with an act of Congress approved May 22, 1926, as amended by an act approved April 18, 1928, provides: (a) For the regulation of the lake in accordance with articles 1, 4, and 5 of the treaty when the level is outside the limits specified above. (b) For the acquisition by purchase or condemnation of filowage easements up to elevation 1,064, sea level datum, upon all lands in the United States bor- dering on the Lake of the Woods, on the Warroad River, and on Rainy River, all in the State of Minnesota. (c) For various protective works and measures as specified in article 8 of the convention between the United States and Great Britain. (4) For the investigation and report of all claims for damages caused prior to the acquisition of flowage easements to the inhabitants of the United States by fluctuation of the levels of the Lake of the Woods due to artificial obstrue- tions in the outlets of said lake. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Work in executing the provisions of the treaty of February 24, 1925, and the acts of Con- gress of May 22, 1926, and April 18, 1928, has included procurement of flowage easements, construction of protective works, investigation and preparation of reports of flowage damages, and control of lake levels. Negotiations for the procurement of flowage easements were carried on. Payment has been made in 84 cases on Lake of the Woods, and certification for payment of 73 additional cases is in course of preparation. Necessary surveys were made. Ten cases were tried on appeal in the Federal court in November, 1929; the decision of the court is still awaited. The easements to be acquired along Rainy River were placed in condemnation by petition to the .2242 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 court dated June 17, 1930, and the hearing at which commissioners are expected to be appointed is set for September 9, 1930. Bank protective works to avoid injury of buildings resulting from erosion were completed at Blackbird Island and American Point, the 6,954.1-foot concrete revetment for the protection of the banks at the :mouth of the Warroad River has been completed by contract, and the backfill of the latter project is about 80 per cent complete. It is expected that this backfill will be completed by July 18, 1930. In connection with the investigation of claims for past damages, tentative reports on 95 claims were completed, making a total of 254 to the end of the fiscal year. Of the reports completed, extracts notifying the claimants of the findings were sent out in 97 cases, as a result of which hearings were held in five instances at the request of the claimants concerned. The control of lake levels was carried out in cooperation with the other member of the International Lake of the Woods Control Board, constituted for the purpose. Contact was maintained with Canadian officials, data gathered, and studies made for further action to be taken when the future requires it. The costs for work during the year were $41,849.53 for surveys and investigation of easements, $18,220.55 for the purchase of ease- ments, and $135,815.72 for the construction of protective works and measures, totaling $195,885.80. The cost of investigation of past damage claims was $15,533.02. Condition at end of fiscal year.-All surveys and mapping, except such as may be required in connection with condemnation cases appealed for trial in court, have been completed. Except for back fill to be placed along the Warroad revetments, all protective works have been completed. Work is in progress in the Warroad revetment back fill, which back fill is being placed by the U. S. pipe-line dredge Traverse. It is expected that the latter work will be completed about July 18, 1930. Expenditures in connection with these construction projects, all for new work, have been as follows: Warroad sewerage system, cash payment to village of Warroad on agreement--------------------------------- ----- $4, 854. 00 Warroad revetment, 99 per cent complete, expenditures to and in- cluding June 30, 1930---- ------------------------------- 138, 654. 14 Blackbird Island revetment, completed ___---------__ -- 3, 792. 15 American Point revetment, completed _----.--- ___________--- 2, 210. 95 Total cost protective works and measures_________-- 144, 657. 24 Status of the procurement of flowage easements.-- Cases disposed of: Purchased by the War Department______________________-8___ 8 Easements acquired by condemnation and money paid into court__ 84 Tracts held under homestead entry when condemnation proceed- ings were instituted but title to wh'ch has since reverted to United States by cancellation of homestead entry- _ -- 29 121 Condemnation pending, first, second, and third petitions: Tracts in private possession by homestead entry only_ -___ -_ 16 Tracts owned by State of Minnesota---......-.- - - - 11 Tracts on which certificates for payment into court are being pre- pared----- ------------ -- 82 INTERNATIONBAL tUNDARY WATERS Condemnation pending, first, second, and third petitions-Continued. Tracts on which no appeal has been filed but on which respondents have not been officially notified of commissioners' awards__-------27 Tracts in private ownership on which commissioners' awards were accepted by respondents but on which the United States filed appeals --------------------------------------- 64 Tracts in private ownership on which commissioners' awards were accepted by the United States but on which appeals have been filed by respondents__ __________________ 150 Tracts in private ownership on which appeals from the com- missioners' awards have been filed both by the United States and respondents----------------------------------- 70 284 - 420 Condemnation pending, fourth and final petition, filed with the court June 17, 1930 (the court is expected to appoint commissioners Sept. 9, 1930) : Carried forward from previous petitions due to failure to secure jurisdiction ------------------------------------------- 51 Rainy River easements ------------------------ 257 308 Total easements ------------------------------------- 849 The expenditures to the end of the fiscal year 1930, in connection with protective works and measures and the procurement of flowage easements, are as follows: Protective works and measures______________________________ $144, 657. 24 Flowage easements ----------------------------------- 127, 697. 19 _ Total------------------------------------ ------ 272, 354.43 The status of reports on past damage claims is as follows: Investigations incomplete ----------------------------------------35 Investigations completed, except that minor classifications may be required (reports on these are being prepared) 206 Reports completed-- -- ------------------------------------- 254 Total claims .- --------------------------- 495 Extracts of reports forwarded to claimants and opportunity for hearings given__ ---- 97 Protests filed ----------------- 12 Hearings requested and given_,_------------------------------ 5 The cost of investigating and reporting upon damage claims, to the end of the fiscal year 1930, was $47,154.81. The total expenditures have been $47,044.23. Proposed operations. (a) Protective w orks and measures. Of the $381,851.64 balance unexpended on June 30, 1930, the amount of $250,000 will be applied during the fiscal year 1931 to the procure- ment of flowage easements. Proceedings will be continued to obtain all of the remaining 750 flowage easements required on lands border- ing Lake of the, Woods and Rainy River, by agreement where pos- sible, otherwise by condemnation through the Department of Justice. Surveys of the lands involved will be made as required, and payment will be made for easements obtained. There will be expended by June 30, 1931, subject to court action, $185,000 of the $275,000 contributed by the Canadian Government and $350,000 of the $375,000 appropriated from the United States Treasury. During the fiscal year 1932 it is proposed to continue the work of acquiring such easements as may not have been obtained by the end 2244 REPORT OF CHEF OF ENGINEERS, i. S. ARMY, 1930 of the fiscal year 1931. The balance from funds contributed by the Canadian Government (approximately $90,000) and the balance ap- propriated by the second deficiency act, fiscal year 1928 (approxi- mately $25,000) will be applied to the acquisition of the remaining flowage easements, including surveys and administration. As closely as can be estimated at this time, no additional. funds will be required. (b) Investigdtion of claims for flowvge damages, Lalke of the Woods.-The balance ($12,955.77) unexpended from the allotments for the investigation of claims will be applied to examinations, hear- ings, surveys, and administration, in connection with investigating and reporting upon claims for past damages. The available funds will be expended at the rate of about $2,000 per month, and will be exhausted by about February 1, 1931, at which time it is expected that the work will be completed. PROTECTIVE WORK AND MEASURES, LAKE OF THE WOODS AND RAINY RIVER, MINN. (WAR DEPARTMENT) Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930. --------- $173, 771. 82 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930-_- ---- 8. 721. 93 Net total cost to June 30, 1930---------------------_ 182, 493. 75 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930---------------------------_ 2,828. 08 Net total expenditures_ 79, 665. 67 1------------------- Unexpended balance June 30, 1930 ----------------------------- 95, 334. 33 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 .------ 275, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work------- .....---------------- $1, 090. 62 $25, 063. 98 $50, 314. 03 $97, 303. 19 Cost ofmaintenance---------------------------- -- ----- Total expended.....-------------------------- 50 198. 34, 520. 74 48, 086. 12 96, 860. 31 Allotted.....------- ...----------------- 275, 000. 00 ------ Bala e unexpended July 1, 1929----------------------- $192; 19 64 Gross amount expended_ 879. 90 $----------------------------15 Less receipts by transfer, etc------------------------ 61, 019. 59 96,860. 31 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930----------_ 95, 334. 33 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts 2, 828. 08 Balance available June 30, 1930 -------------------------- 92, 506. 25 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930--------------------- 92. 506. 25 PROTECTIVE WORKS AND MEASURES, LAKE, OF T'HE WOODS AND RAINY RIVER, MINN., 1928-1930 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 $98, 582. 61 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ---------------------------- 1, 287. 50 Gross total costs to June 30, 1930 99, 870. 11 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930---------------------------- 11, 387.42 Net total expenditures---- .... 88, 482. 69 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ _----- _ 286, 517. 31 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930----- --- 375, 000. 00 INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY WATERS 2245 Fiscal year ending June 30 1929 1930 Cost of new work------------------------------------------------------------- $98, 582. 61 Cost of maintenance...----------------- -------------------- ---------------------------- Total expended----------...--------------------- - -- ------------- 82, 482.69 Allotted--.........--------------------------------------------------- $375,000.00----------- Balance unexpended July 1, 1929-------------------------------_ $375, 000. 00 Gross amount expended __________ ____--- _---__----$90, 368. 74 Less receipts by transfer__--_--------------- 1, 886. 05 88, 482. 69 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930------------------------ 286, 517.31 INVESTIGATION OF CLAIMS FOR FLOWAGE DAMAGES Cost and financial sumnary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930------------------------------$47, 154. 81 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1930--------- _ 47, 154. 81 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1930 --------------- 758. 68 Net total cost to June 30, 1930---------------------------- 47, 913. 49 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1930 ----------------------------- 550. 56: Gross total costs to June 30, 190--- --------- 48, 464. 05 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930--_--_1111111111111 1 __ 1, 419. 82 Net total expenditures--- ------------------------------- 47, 044. 23 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930_ _----------- 12, 955. 77 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 ------- 60, 000.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1927 1928 1929 1930 Cost of new work-............----- ------------ $6, 753.81 $13, 625. 64 $11,242. 34 $15, 533. 02 Total expended ...-------------------- ---- 5, 446. 50 15, 760. 89 9, 755. 91 16,080. 93 - Allotted__---_ 16, 000. 00 29, 000. 00 --------------- 15, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July, 1, 1929_________________________________ $14, 036. 70 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 26, 1930__ 15, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for____________________________ 29, 036. 70 Gross, amount expended-----------------------_-- $19, 847. 59 Less receipts by transfer__ _-- 3, 766. 66 16, 080. 93 Balance unexpended June 30, 1930.------------------._ 12, 955. 77 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930-------------------- 1, 241. 69 Due other allotments_____- -__ _____- - 178. 13 1, 419. 82 Balance available June 30, 1930------------------------- 11, 535. 95 Due from other allotments ---------------------------------------- . 550. 56 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1930------------ 12, 086. 51 RAINY LAKE REFERENCE Location and description.-The Rainy Lake watershed, in Minne- sota and Ontario, contains an area of approximately 14,500 square 2246 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 miles. A description of this watershed is contained in the report of the consulting engineers to the International Joint Commission on Lake of the Woods Levels, 1916. Previous project.--None. Existing project.-This project includes the engineering studies and field operations connected with the following questions referred to the International Joint Commission by the Governments of the United States and Great Britain pursuant to article 9 of the treaty concluded on the 11th day of January, 1909. The reference was made as a result of an agreement entered into on the 24th day of February, 1925, at the time of signing the convention between the United States and Great Britain to regulate the level of the Lake of the Woods. Question 1. In order to secure the most advantageous use of the waters of Rainy Lake and of the boundary waters flowing into and from Rainy Lake for domestic and sanitary purposes, for navigation purposes, for fishing purposes,. and for power, irrigation, and reclamation purposes; and in order to secure the most advantageous use of the shores and harbors of both Rainy Lake and the boundary waters flowing into and from the lake, is it, from an economic stand- point, now practicable and desirable, having regard for all or any of the interests affected thereby, or under what conditions will it become thus prac- ticable and desirable- (a) To regulate the level of Rainy Lake in such a manner as to permit the, upper limit of the ordinary range of the levels to exceed elevation 1,108.61 sea-level datum ? (b) To regulate the level of Namakap Lake and the waters controlled by the dams at Kettle Falls in such a manner as to permit the upper limit of the ordinary range of the level to exceed elevation 1,120.11 sea-level datum? (c) To provide storage facilities upon all or any of the boundary waters above Namakan Lake? Question 2. If it be found practicable and desirable thus (1) to regulate the level of Rainy Lake and/or (2) to regulate the level of Namakan Lake and the waters controlled by the dams at Kettle Falls, and/or (3) to provide storage facilities upon all or any of the boundary waters above Namakan Lake-- (a) What elevations are recommended? (b) To what extent will it be necessary to acquire lands and to construct works in order to provide for such elevations and/or storage, and what will be their respective costs ? (c) What interests on each side of the boundary would be benefited? What would be the nature and extent of such benefit in each case? How should the cost be apportioned among the various interests so benefited ? Question 3. What methods of control and operation would be feasible and advisable in order to regulate the volume, use, and outflow of the waters in each case in accordance with such recommendations as may be made in answer to questions 1 and 2? Question 4. What interests on each side of the boundary are benefited by the present storage on Rainy Lake and on the waters controlled by the dams at Kettle Falls? What are the nature and extent of such benefits in each case? What is the cost of such storage and how should such cost be apportioned among the various interests so benefited? Mr. Stuart S. Scovil was appointed as the Canadian engineer and the district engineer at Duluth, Minn., was appointed as the United States engineer to make the engineering studies necessary to enable- the International Joint Commission to answer the foregoing questions. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The preliminary report, consisting of the maps, the text, a book of tables, and a book of plates, in which were assembled basic data, was completed and released during the year. The report covering the results of a timber investigation in the affected area was also made available to the pub: lic during the year. Calculations and studies have been in progress INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY WATERS 2247 to determin the proper conclusions to be drawn from the basic data as given in the preliminary report. The first section of the final report covering physical characteristics and climatological studies are being prepared for early.release. The total cost for work during ;the year was $15,944.60. The total expenditure Was $15,116.38. Conditions at end of fiscal year.-The preliminary report was com- pleted as a result of the field operations coiicluded in 1928. The timber report and related studies have been completed. The fore- going work, combined with the hydraulic conclusions requested in the official referefice, is estimated to represent 65 per cent of the complete final report. The final report, including additional studies, is yet to be completed. The total cost to the end of the fiscal year 1930, all for new work, was $105,982.92. The total expenditures have been $105,099.30. Pcaposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1930, $883.62, will be applied to outstanding liabilities. The work under this reference will be completed in conjunction with data applicable to the reference and obtained in the investigation conducted under House Document 308. Work will be continued upon computations and the preparation of the final report, which, it is expected, will be ready for publication eduring the fiscal year 1931. Assistance will be extended to the Inter- national Joint Commission in the preparation of its final report. SNo funds will therefore be needed for the fiscal year 1932. RAINY LAKE REFERENCE State Department transfer to War Department. Act of May 21, 1928. Cost and financial smmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1930 ---- ______ $105, 982.92 -__________ Minus accounts payable June 30, 1930______ _____ ___-----8___ .883. 62 Net total expenditures ----- ____------______-_ 105, 099.30 Unexpended balance June 30, 1930---- --------------------- 883. 62 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1930 _ 105, 982. 92 1_________ Fiscal year ending June 30 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 'Cost of new work--..................... --------- ....... $40,992. 58 $2, 722. 60 $15, 944. 60 ------- Total expended......................... $9, 513.72 $48, 133.88 39,488.22 2, 847. 10 15, 116.38 Allotted---------.......... ------------------- 10,000.00 50,000.00 40,000.00 16,000.00.. Balance unexpended July 1, 1929 ----- ----- $16,000.00 _------- Gross amount expended -------------------------- $15, 125. 06 Less receipts by transfer --------------------------- 8.68 15, 116. 38 Ialance unexpended June 30, 1930__----------_----- -- __ 883.62 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1930----------------- $658. 89 Due other allotments------------------ --- 224. 73 883.62 Noarm.--The above cost and financial summary includes the work done with .$10,000 allotted from War Department appropriation of February 12, 1925, "'Maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works," for inves- tigation, Rainy Lake watershed. No funds remain under this allotment. 2248 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1930 BOARD OF ROAD COMMISSIONERS FOR ALASKA OFFICERS OF THE BOARD President: Maj. Malcolm Elliott, Corps of Engineers, United States Army. Engineer officer: Maj. Douglas H. Gillette, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, to February 15, 1930; Maj. Malcolm Elliott, February 16, 1930, to June 24, 1930; and Maj. Layson E. Atkins, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, June 25, 1930, to date. Secretary and disbursing officer: First Lieut. Emerson C. Itschner, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, to July 31, 1929; First Lieut. Philip R. Garges, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, August 1, 1929, to January 31, 1930; and First Lieut. James G. Chris- tiansen, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, February 1, 1930, to date. Military assistants, under the immediate orders of the president of the board: First Lieut. Emerson L. Cummings, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, to August 29, 1929; First Lieut. Emerson C. Itschner to August 22, 1929; First Lieut. James G. Christiansen to January 31, 1930; First Lieut. Philip R. Garges to April 4, 1930; Second Lieut. Leland B. Kuhre, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, from August 19, 1929, to date; and Second Lieut. Raymond B. Oxrieder, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, from August 19, 1929, to date. Organization and duties.-The board was constituted by an act of Congress approved January 27, 1905, and its duties are defined in that act as amended by Congress January 27, 1905, May 14, 1906, and March 3, 1913. The law prescribes that the board shall consist of three members, one of whom shall be an Engineer officer, and the others officers of that part of the Army stationed in said district. The board has the power and the duty, upon its own motion, or upon petition to locate, lay out, construct, and maintain wagon roads and pack trails from any point on the navigable waters in the Dis- trict of Alaska to any town, mining, or other industrial camp or settlement, or between any such towns, camps, or settlements therein, if in its judgment such roads or trails are needed and will be of permanent value for the development of the district. The money therefor is derived, in part, from congressional appro- priations and in part from the Alaska fund made up of moneys col- lected for occupation or trade license outside of the incorporated towns in the Territory, 65 per cent of which fund is devoted to the construction and maintenance of wagon roads, bridges, and trails in the said Territory. The substance of the laws governing the operations of the board is printed on pages 2144 and 2145 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1929. Offices of the board.-The principal office of the board is at Juneau, Alaska. Suboffices are maintained, when required by active opera- tions, at Valdez, Chitina, Fairbanks, Eagle, Anchorage, Seward, Takotna, and Nome, Alaska; Seattle, Wash.; and Washington, D. C. Location and description.-The work thus far accomplished in- cludes the construction of 1,6202 miles of wagon road, 87 miles of BOARD OF ROAD COMMISSIONERS FOR ALASKA 2 tramroad, 1,4033/4 miles of sled road, 7,184 miles of permanent trail, and 712 miles of temporary, flagged trail, a total of 11,0071/4 miles. The Territory has an area of 590,880 square miles, which is more than twelve times the size of the State of New York, or practically -aefththe- size of the United States proper. At its southern pont it is 700 miles from the northwest point of the State of Washing- bt by the usually traveled route. Thence the southeastern Alaska Archipelago and a strip of mainland lying west of the 'Canadian boundary extend northwesterly for about 520 miles to the major portion of the Territory, which lies west of the one hundred and forty-first meridian and has a dimension of approximately 900 miles north and south and 700 miles east and west, with the Alaska Pen- insula and Aleutian Islands reaching out from the southwestern portion nearly 2,500 miles toward Siberia. The topography of Alaska varies from rolling to extremely rugged, with little level area. The seaward slope, as far west as Cook Inlet, is especially rugged and subject to a heavy rain and snow fall. The timber along the coast attains a dense growth, but in the interior is found only along the stream valleys. Spruce and hemlock form the greatest part of the timber on the coast. Hemlock is not found in the interior. On the north slope of the Alaska range and on interior river valleys considerable areas are found frozen permanently to bedrock. The climate and topography throughout are such that in the summer time passage overland is difficult. On the seaward slope the heavy rainfall upon the blanket of decayed vegetation creates a footing almost impassable. In the interior the surface thawing of the bed of frozen material makes a widespread and difficult morass. Original condition.-Prior to the organization of the Board of Road Commissioners for Alaska there were in the whole of the Terri- tory less than a dozen miles of what might be called wagon road, with a few hundred miles of pioneer trail, mostly constructed by ex- peditions under the War Department. Travel was largely confined Tto the open waterways in summer and to their frozen courses 'over- land in winter. When mining machinery and other supplies were to be ransported from the coast or river landing they-were in most cases hauled over the snow during the winter, with some preliminary clearing of the route when necessary. Travel across country in summer, generally speaking, was possible only on foot or with pack horses. It was difficult always, and frequently dangerous, on ac- count of the numerous swift and deep streams, fed by the ice-cold and silt-laden waters of mountain glaciers. Previous projects.-See description in Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1923, beginning on page 2086. A new program of operations was recommended in the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 1920, pages 61 to 65. The amounts expended on previous projects prior to June 30, 1921, were $3,727,249.69 for new work and $2,276,812.27 for maintenance, a total of $6,004,061.96. Existing project.-A new program of operations, prepared by the board of road commissioners in cooperation with the Governor of Alaska, the Territorial Road Commission,'and other interested Fed- eral and Territorial officials, was submitted in the annual report of REPOR Or IE OF C OF GrINEBRS, U. S. AiRMYpt 193 0 the board for 1920. It proposes three classes of work: First, the con- struction of about 700 miles of arterial or feeder highways, mainly following old routes (estimated cost, $7,000,000); second, the con- struction of development roads to be constructed from time to time on locations left for future determination (estimated cost, $1,000,000); third, the maintenance of existing road and trail system (estimated cost 'for the 10-year period, $2,000,000). Total estimated cost, $10,000,000. The total appropriations for the first five years were less than half the estimates, and about three-fourths of the available funds were required for maintenance and repair. Construction should be speeded up so as to get the maximum benefit from the work already accomplished, and the 1920 program was, therefore, revised in 1924. The appropriations recommended for the second five years of the 10-year period are as follows: (a) For maintenance and improvement of existing routes to the same standard throughout, 9,736 miles, at $870,000 per year__ $4, 350, 000 (b) For completion of projects already undertaken--------------- 1, 735, 000 (c) For completion of projects already approved but not yet under- _ taken__ ----- 1----------------------- 1, 780, 000 (d) For completion of projects likely to arise with development during the 5 years_-----------___-__ -______ 1, 135, 000 Total for 5 years __________----_________ 9, 000, 000 Federal appropriations required each year of 5-year period of road and trail development PROGRAM FOR 1924 (a) (b) (c) (d) Comple- Construe- Amount Work- Mainte- tion, tion, Construe- Fiscal year W Mne- approved approved tionnew ed season nancex projects routexisting already projects not yet projects likely to. est appro- priated routes under way under way develop 1927---------------.... 1926 $950, 000 $510,000 $290,000 ----------- $1,750,000. $900,000 1928----- ---------- 1927 850,000 475, 000 575, 000 $100, 000 , 000, 000 1,000, 000 1929----------------- 1928 850, 000 400, 000 550, 000 200, 000 2, 000, 000 825, 000 _ 1930 ------ ------ 1929 850 000 250, 000 300, 000 350, 000 1, 750,000 800, 000 1931--- -------------- 1930 850, 000 100, 000 65, 000 485, 000 1, 500, 000 800, 000 Total...----------------..... 4,350,000 1, 735, 000 1,780,000 1,135,000 9, 0000,000 4, 325, 000 A new 10-year program to continue the work beginning with fiscal year 1932 has been submitted. It provides for maintenance and im- provement of the existing system and for needed new construction to keep pace with the development of the territory. The appropriations recommended for each year of this 10-year period are as follows: BOARD OF ROAD COMMISSIOIERS ALASKA 'FOR 2251 PROGRAM FOR 1929 Estimated receipts from Alaskan Total for sources For main- mainte- Federal Work- tenance For new nice, im-. appr. Fiseal year ing and im- construe- prevement, Territo- priations season prove- tion and new Alaska rialap- Total from requird Ients construc- ' und propria- Alaska tion tions 1932-----.--..... --- 1931 $886, 000 $400,000 $1,286, 000 $130, 000 $100, 000 $230, 000 $1, 06,o000 AI-..----. 1932 871, 000 600,000 1,4700 130, 000 10,000 230,000 1,241, 000 -8 .(00 00900,0 .86, 1 10,000 0, 100, 00 . 230, 000 - , 19384 1985_-.......----... 8, 000 900,000 1,756, 000 1300,000 230,000 1,5 1980-----------............ 1935 841,000 900,000 1,741,000 130, 000 100, 000 280, 000 1,511,000 1987----------- 1936 882,000 1, 000, 000 1,882,000 130,000 100,000 280,000 1,602,000 1938.......----.....-- 1937 918, 000 900, 000 1, 818, 000 130, 000 100, 000 230, 000 1,588, 000 1939...-----------. 1938 954, 000 900, 000 1, 854, 000 130, 000 100, 000 230, 000 1, 624, 000 1940-...----....------... 1939 978, 000 600, 000 1,578,000 130, 000 100,000 230, 000 1, 348, 000 1941.--..--....---.... 1940 995, 000 400,000 1, 395, 000 130, 000 100, 000 230, 000 1,165, 000 Total-............ 9, 047, 000 7,500, 000 16, 547,000 1,300,000 1,00,000 2, 300, 000 14,247, 000 For latest published maps see map following page 151, Part II, of the Annual Report of the Alaska Road Commission, fiscal year 1929, and also a wall map of Alaska published by the board of road com- missioners, 1923. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. L:ocal cooperation.-Fordescription of development of local co- operation, authorized by the act of June 30, 1921, previously quoted, see Annual Report of the Chief of Eigineers for 1924, beginning-on paoge 2071. During the fiscal year the board has expended directly $8,206.83 for shelter cabins, $96,273.99 for roads, $39,216.81 for aviation fields, $5,661.20 for the Valdez Dike, $361 for marking Gastineau Chan- nel Bar, Yukon-Kuskokwim Portage $10,500, and $4,680.64 for tele- phone lines from funds contributed by the Territory, and $15,179.68 contributed by others. For the working season of 1930 the Territorial board has allotted to the Department of Agriculture $11,000 and to the Federal board the following amounts: SCooperative road projects ------------------------------------ $53, 500 Territorial road projects-- ----------------------------------- 29, 750 Shetter cabins 000 8------------------- Aviation fields ------------------------------------------- 33, 400 Telephone lines--------------- ------------ 5,000 Nome Harbor --------------------------- 2, 500 Valdez Dike ------------------------------------------------ 7, 500 Total- 139,650 __------------------------- These funds are held subject to the call of the Federal board. Cooperation with the Territory has been continued in connection with the purchase, rehabilitation, and operations of two tramroads, one extending from Nome to Shelton on the Seward Peninsula, a distance of about 74 miles, and the other situated in the Tolovana district about 50 miles northwesterly from Fairbanks and extend- ing from the town of Brooks about 13 miles southerly to the head of navigation on the Tolovana River. i REPORT OF GBIEF OF ENGENEERS, U.: , SA Y,, 19 3 0 The Nome-Shelton tramroad was purchased on October 3, 1922, for $24,014. During the fiscal year $12,275.15 was spent on its maintenance. The Tolovana tramroad was purchased on June 11, 1924, for $6,425. During the fiscal year $8,688.07 was spent on its rehabili- tation and maintenance. During the year the board assumed responsibility for the con- struction and maintenance of 40 aviation fields and the repair and maintenance of 736 miles of telephone lines for the Territory. The general road and trail system of the board ties into the Alaska Railroad, operated by the Secretary of the Interior, at 27 different stations. These highway ,and trail feeders to the Government rail- road are an important factor in increasing business for the railroad, and thereby reducing its present operating deficit. Since April 1, 1922, the board, under an agreement with the Sec- retary of the Interior, has handled road and trail work in the Ter- ritory for the National Park Service, including the construction and maintenance of the Mount McKinley National Park Highway, au- thorized by the act of Congress approved April 9, 1924. Consolidation of road work under the board.-Fromthe foregoing it will be noted that all road and trail work in the Territory of Alaska, including work supported by appropriations of the Terri- tory, of the War Department, and of the Department of the Interior, but excluding the former projects of the board in the national forests now supported by appropriations of the Department of Agriculture, is consolidated under the direction of the board. Effet of improvement.- The roads and trails constructed by the board have not only opened up to development nearly all sections of the Territory but have effected large savings in freight charges. The major portion of this freight would not have been transported without the roads, and the indirect loss that would have been occa- sioned by the restriction on output and development if the roads did not exist can not be estimated. The use of automobiles is increasing rapidly. Approximately 90 per cent of the traffic on the main wagon roads is handled by motor, which has greatly increased the cost of road maintenance. The use of tractors for drawing freight, particularly on the sled roads of the interior, is a valuable new development. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work in the last fiscal year was largely directed to maintaining the existing system and the improvement of the more important routes for the use of motor vehicles. New construction was confined to a few major proj- ects upon which work has been in progress for several years. The work accomplished during the fiscal year may be summarized as follows: New construction: 37 miles road, 38 miles trail, 780 linear feet bridges over 60-foot span, 11 airplane landing fields, and 14 shelter cabins. Improvement: 58 miles road reconstructed, 6634 miles road surfaced, 2 mlies Tolovana tramway rebuilt, and nurterous small bridges and culverts rebuilt. Maintenance: 1,342/2 miles road, 85 miles tritmway, 905'4 miles sled road, 4,;277? miles permanent trail, 314 miles temporary flagged trail, 736 miles telephone lines, 29 airplane landing fields, and 40 shelter cabins. Total for all classes of work: 7,126% miles consisting of 1,50434 miles of road, 87 miles tramway, 9054 miles sled road, 4,315/4 miles of permanent trail, 314 miles temporary flagged trail. BOARD OF ROAD COMMISSIONERS FOR ALASKA 253 The more important roads upon which new construction was per- formed were the McCarthy-Nizina, Chatanika-Circle, Mount Mc- Kinley National Park, Gulkana-Chistochina, Long-Poorman, Haines-Chilkoot, Kasilof, Iliamna, Circle Hot Springs, and Nome- Council. The bridge renewal program was continued. The more important structures upon which new construction or extensive re- pairs were performed included bridges across Chistochina River, Nyes slough, and East Fork. The important Richardson Highway was maintained open during the entire season. Improvement to new standard was continued and except for a few short sections this road is now in excellent condi- tion for auto traffic. As a result of the rapid improvement both local and tourist travel have continued to increase. During the 1930 season tourist travel began in June. Surfacing of the Steese Highway was continued. As a result of the improvement traffic over this route continued to increase. Dur- ing the 1930 season travel began over this route in May. * Construction of the road from Gulkana on the Richardson High- way to Chisana, through the mineralized belt north of the Wrangell Mountains was continued. This is now the major new project under construction. Grading is in progress and should be continued to open up hitherto inaccessible mineral deposits. Work was started late in 1929 and an unusual amount of precipita- tion during the summer greatly retarded the progress of the work. The total expenditures during the fiscal year amounted to $1,256,- 349.65, of which $515,093.39 was for new work and $741,256.26 was for maintenance and improvement. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The work of maintenance aid improvement during the fiscal year, provided additional mileage with a light surface and a large part of the roads are now suitable for the present traffic. Additional mileage requires surfacing to provide for increasing motor traffic. The total expenditures to the end of the fiscal year, June 30, 1930, amounted to $14,532,308.63, not including outstanding liabilities or contributed' funds, of which $7,969,443.90 was expended for new con- struction and $6,562,864.73 for maintenance and improvement. Proposed operations.-Eight hundred thousand dollars was pro- vided by the act of May 28, 1930. These funds will be expended on maintenance and improvement of the existing system and some new work. Surfacing of the recently graded Fairbanks-Circle Road will be continued and construction of new mileage on the Gulkana- Chisana and several minor projects will, be accomplished. Unless much greater annual appropriations are made, little of the much needed new mileage can be constructed and but little can be done to meet the pressing need for extensions and improvements to the system as a whole. Amount which can be profitably ewpended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932.-An appropriation of $1,056,000, in accordance with the 1929 program, could be profitably expended on the work during the fiscal year 1932. This sum will provide for reasonable maintenance and improvement of the existing system and for con- struction of some much needed new mileage on adopted projects. SREPORT Op CHRI~ OR11NGINEEBS U. . ARMY, 19 3 0 These funds will be distributed approximately a follows: Ma Itenance andimppovementQqf existing projects Mileage existing system (a) Average. per mile Di§trict frbul War, Dpait- D Roads Sl droads Trails pads r1j T .. . .I , , I '' . .. .. . . .. Southeastern...--------------------- 7Q3h 26 $21,4 $300 BetheL---=------------ --------- 63,100 600 r F-irbanks-....------.,...-- 273, 1488 102,760 550 ... 619 6. "b. Southwestern _..................... 246 4, 20 4'.T Kuskokwim ...................... 85 518'.r Nome_ _... ............ ...... 276. ! I' 82 460 2650 Total..................... I L J-L-L-S 1, 708 i° 1,4053 7, 842 e8, 000 I349 21 1Exclusive of the cost of work on Mount McKinley Park Road, 43 miles, which is borneby the ,Nationall Park Service. ' acads-g 712 miles temporary flagged trails. Estimated revenue from Alaskan sources-----......--...................------------------------ 230,000 Total cot maiteni ce.an. i proemen ,.-...-.... ..-- 8-O,-... New, constructon .Grand total! District Apra Approved (e Approved- -ets(.(d)Mx ,8Zi t ofdt (a), projects al(6), prodects ,(G c1e pit l F)n(A ,j tTt under way start to deo --------------------.... ..... Southeastern----....................--------------------------........... ............------------- .... 21, 460 Behel.... ----..........---.........................------------.........------------....- -----.........-----..------- Valdez-5,,-- ..--------------------------------.-----...---.. ---------. .............. --.. - 1 04 $20,000 ----------- Chitina-----------------------------................................... 000 $300 000 452,756 Fairbanks...............................-----------------------------30, 000 $50,000 - s80,000) 291 750 Southwestern...----- 20,000----------- 20, 000 ..................------------ 86, 00 Kuiskokwim---------------------------- ' .. __ _ ------------------ ---------- ------ 32, 900' Nome.. --- ----------------- ----------------.................---....-------.....-... 82,450 Total..........--------------------------- 300,00 50,00 50,00 400,000 1,056, 00i COMMERCIAL STATISTICS Total commerce of Alaska for the calendar year 1929: IMPORTS Merchandise from the United States__------------------------ $33, 219, 565 Merchandise from foreign ports------------ ------------------- 955, 273. Silver and gold from foreign ports---------------------------- 480, 885, Total imports------------- ------------------------ 34, 655, 723 EXPORTS Merchandise to the United States__ __---_-------------- - 63, 567, 177 Merchandise, gold, and silver to foreign ports---------6--- -607, 6-----952 Domestic gold and silver to the United States-----__-------______ 7, 408, 495. Foreign gold and silver to the United States--------------- 479, 049k Total exports --------------------------------------- 72, 062, 673 Grand total, exports and imports-------------_---____ 106, 718, 396. BOARD OF ROAD COMMISSIONERS FOR ALASKA 2255 Exports decline- $2,787,245, or 4 per cent, from the corresponding figure for 1928. This decrease is entirely due, to decreased exports of canned salmon. Imports increased $2,018,890, or 6 per cent, over the corresponding figure for 1928. The value of Alaska's mineral output in 1929 was $16,105,000 as; compared with $14,061,000 in 1998. Minerals were produced- in the following order of- value.: Gold, copper, coal, silver, lead, marble, tin, petroleum, and platinum. Production of gold again exceeded im value that of copper. While. the quantity of copper-produced shows a decrease, the value increased $1,68;000, br- 2 . per cent. Gold production- exceeded: that of the. previous year $909,000 or 13 per cent: This was due to increased production by large dredges from interior placer deposits- and to, increased production from lode mines in southeastern Alaska. There are still l'arge areas in Alaska not adequ tely prospected, and many promising properties are lying idle because, of lack, of capital for the necessary- equipment. The shortage of enterprising prospectors is a serious drawback that has resulted because wages for comparable work are actually lower in Alaska than in the States, though expenses are higher. A~ a consequence Alaska does not at- tract or hold the class of prospectors it formerly did. The production of coal showed a slight decrease in 1929 compared' to that of the preceding year. The output was furnished mainly by the Evan Jones and Premier mines in the Matanuska region and the Suntrana mine in the Healy River field. In 1929, as in the past, all the petroleum produced in Alaska was obtained from about a dozen small wells in the Katalla field, on the only patented tract of oil land i~nthe Territory. These wells and a small refinery are operated by the Chilkata Oil Co., which sells its- gasoline and distillate in the local market. The 1929 production of canned salmon, while above the average, showed a decrease of over 11 per cent compared to the previous year, The relative value of the chief fish products exported in 1929 is as follows: Canned salmon, fresh and frozen halibut, cured or pre- served salmon, fish oil; cured or preserved herring, fish meal, fresh and fr&n salmon, shrimps, clams, cured or preserved cod and crabs, Addid nal dutiesof thle oard..-The..presidntofithlbars d is also, district engineer for the Juneau, Alaska, river and harbor district. The other two members of the board are placed under the immediate orders of the district engineer, and the secretary and disbursing- officer of the board is disbursing officer for the district. The president of the board, in addition to his. other duties, has. under the provisions of acts of Congress: approved June 17, 1910,T and. June 15, 1917, been detailed for consultation or to superintend the construction or repair of any aid to navigation authorized by Congress in the sixteenth (includes Territory of Alaska) lighthouse. district. Effeative November 14, 1921, the president of the board was ap- pointed consulting engineer for the Territory and assumed direct- charge of all Territorial public works. In May, 1923, he was ap-. pointed director of public works for the Territory. Expenditures:. $180,080.15. 11714---ENG 1930- 142 2256: BEPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGIN~ RS, U. S. 1930 'ARMY, By informal arrangement, effective April 1, 1922, the president of the board has agreed to act for the National Park Service, Depart- ment of the Interior, on certain matters relating to the improve- ment of the Sitka National Monument and the development of Mount McKinley National Park. Expenditures, $161,432.96. At the request of the Quartermaster General of the Army, the board has agreed to assume charge of the administration of the Sitka National Cemetery, created by Executive order of June 12, 1924. Expenditures, $1,499.08. By direction of the Secretary of War the board has undertaken the regulation of Lowell Creek, Alaska, for the protection of Gov- ernment property adjacent thereto, as provided in act of Congress approved March 23, 1928. Expenditures, $3,482.81. By authority of the Chief of Engineers the board has undertaken the supervision of the construction work and operations of licensee, including stream gaging, connected with the power development on Eklutna River, Alaska. At the request of the commanding general, Ninth Corps Area, the board has undertaken a survey and report on the water supply for Chilkoot Barracks, Alaska. At the request of the several departments interested the board has undertaken the construction of a float for Government boats at Juneau. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects: From Federal funds, including receipts from sales, etc., to June 30, 1929------- $13, 456, 039. 13 Net expenditures, 1930------------------ 1, 076,269. 50 $14, 532, 308. 63 From contributed funds, including re- receipts from sales, etc., to June 30, 1929_ 1, 273, 132. 38 Net expenditures, 1930--_--------------- _180, 080. 15 1, 453, 212. 53 15, 985, 521. 16 Total for new work------------- 8, 605, 506.32 Total for maintenance and improvement 7, 380, 014. 84 Total expended----------------------------------- 15, 985, 521. 16 Balance unexpended ----------------------------- 896, 998. 10 Grand total to be accounted for -------------- __ __ 16, 882, 519. 26 Appropriations to June 30, 1930: Construction and maintenance of military and post roads, bridges, and trails, Alaska_-------------------------- 10, 950, 600. 00 Wagon roads, bridges, and trails, Alaska fund------------ 3, 596, 870. 70 Construction of wharf at Juneau------------------------- 22,500. 00 Flood control of Lowell Creek_____----__-- _-------------- 100, 000. 00 Flood control of Lowell Creek (contributions) ------------- 25, 000. 00 Increase of compensation, War Department--------------- 95, 059. 50 National cemeteries ------------------------------------ 4, 841.00 Roads and trails, national parks------------------------- 491, 000. 00 Contributed funds (by Territory of Alaska and others) __ 1, 432, 610. 82 Adjustments to June 30, 1929 (reimbursements, refunds, sales, etc.) ----------------------------------- 164, 037. 24 Total__---------------------------------------- 16, 882, 519. 26 BOARD OF ROAD COMMISSIONERS FOR ALASKA! 2257 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Expended for new work 1--------. $828, 045.38 $706, 792.46 $430,923.16 $630, 546.95 $515,093.39 Expended for maintenance and improvement-. ---------------- 483,272. 31 510,374.43 822,745.02 816, 616.96 741, 256.26 Total expended (net)-....... 1, 311, 317. 69 1,217, 166. 89 1, 253, 668. 18 1, 447 163. 91 1, 256, 349. 65 Appropriated by War Depart- e~t -_---..--.----...-- .. 900, 000. 00 1, 022, 500.00 825, 000.00 800, 000. 00 800, 000.00 Aff6tted from Alaska fund--------..... 137, 431.66 142, 905. 28 73, 653. 64 150;,432. 68 216, 757.86 Contributed by Territory of Alas- ka and others.....----------------.......... 136, 318. 11 93, 772. 39 210, 852.74 213, 412. 77 188, 449. 87 Folearol of Lowell Creek....--- ---------------------- -- 100, 0000. ---------- 00--------------- Flood conhtrol of Lowell Creek -----------------------------............... (contributions)--...... -------- 25, 000.00 ..------------------------- National cemeteries ..---------- 302.17 800. 00 792. 83 1, 000. 00 1, 646. 00 Roads and trails, national parks.. 50, 000.00 16, 000.00 60, 000.00 65, 000. 00 220, 000. 00 Total----.................--------------.. 1, 224, 051.94 1, 275, 977. 67 1, 295, 299.21 1, 229, 845. 45 1, 426, 853, 73 1 From 1925 to 1927, inclusive, the figures shown include certain improvements classed as "New work" which for subsequent years are included under "Maintenance and improvement." July 1, 1929, available balance_______----------------------------- $726, 494.02 Amount appropriated by War Department, act approved May 28, 1930 -.---------------------------------- 800, 000.00 Amount accrued to Alaska fund during fiscal year 1930------ 216, 757. 86 Amount contributed by Territory of Alaska and others .----. -188,;449. 87 . National cemeteries, 1929-----------------------------_-.... 176.00 National cemeteries, 1930- ------------------- ---------- 1,470. 00 Roads and trails, national parks, 1930-31-------------------- 220 000. 00 Total resources------------------------------ ---- 2, 153,347. 75 June 30, 1930, net amount expended during fiscal year: New construction ----.- __-,_-----.-- $515, 093. 39 Maintenance and improvement------------- 741, 256.26 1, 256, 349. 65 July 1, 1930, balance unexpended-_---- --------- - 896, 998. 10 July 1, 1930, outstanding liabilities-------------------------- 357, 327.23 July 1, 1930, balance unobligated---------------------- 539, 670. 87 Amounts available on June 30, 1930: From War Department, act approved May 28, 1930 _____ 653, 002. 46 From War Department, act approved Mar. 23, 1928, for flood control, Lowell Creek, Alaska-- _---------_ __ 9, 518. 88 From Alaska fund 60, 182. 15 1---------------------------- From funds contributed -------- -- ---------- -- 14, 969. 72 From national cemeteries---------------- ---------------- 146. 20 From roads and trails, national parks -------------------- 59, 178. 69 Amount available for fiscal year ending June 30, 1931 .. 896, 998. 10 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing projects------------- -------------------- 4, 675, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1931: New construction ------------------------------------ 400, 000. 00 Maintenance and improvement ------------------------- - 656, 000.00 Total_______ _ -- 1 1, 056, 000.00 I Exclusive of available funds. 2258 REPORT OF OBIEFP OF EIGGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 193 0 APPROPRIATION S 1. Construction and maintenance of military and post roads, bridges, and trails Alaska : Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1920 (see detailed statement on p. 2105, Annual report of the Chief of Engi- neer, 1920$---------------------- $3, 370, 000. 00 Act of- June 30, 1906----------------- '35,000. 00 1 June 30, 1921t.----------------------425, 000. 00 June 30, 1922-------------------- 465, 000. 00 Mar. 2, 1923------------------- 650, 600. 00 June 7, 1924----------------------- 725, 000. 00 Dec. 6, 1924 ---------------- 55, 000. 00 Feb. 12, 1925--__--------------- ----- 900, 000. 00 Apr. 15, 1926--------------- ------- 900, 000.00 Feb. 23, 1927---------------- 4-1, 022, 500. 00 Mar. 23, 1928 --... ----- 825, 000.00 Mar. 23, 1928, flood control, Lowell Creek--------------------- ------ 100, 000. 00 Feb. 28, 1929_- ___-------- 800, 000. OO May 28, 1930 800, 000.00 8---------------- Total --------------------------- $11, 073, 100. 0O. 2. Construction and maintenance of wagon roads, bridges, and trails, Alaska fund, act of Con- gress approved Jan. 27, 1905, as amended by an act approved May 14, 1906: Total receipts to June 30, 1920 (see de- tailed statement on p. 2106, Annual Re- part of the Chief of Engner,.1920) --- 2, 12S,,569. 89 Fiscal year- 1920 (supplementary) ------------- 153, 805. 19 1921---- --------------------- 98, 437. 82 1922-----------------------------135, 975. 05 1923 ------------------------- 119, 227. 10 1924 ----------------------------- 115, 803. 20 1925 ---------------------------- 123, 871. 33 1926----------------------------- 137, 431. 66 1927 ------------------------------ _ 142, 905. 28 1928 ------------------------------ 73, 653. 64 1929 ---------------------------- -150. 432. 68 1930 --------------------------- 216, 757. 86 Total----------------------------------- 3, 596, 870. 70& 3. Increase of compensation, War Department: Fiscal year-- 1918 --------- 1---------------------- 145.20 1919----- ---- 1920- 921----------------------------- 1921 -_ 940.00 940. 00 1922 ------------------------------ 4, 322. 09 1923 -------------- ------------- 32, 846. 67 1924 ----------------------------- 56, 805. 54 Total----- --- ------- -------- 95, 059. 50 1 For Fairbanks-Council survey. 2 Includes $600 for survey of Juneau Wharf. s Deficiency to cover increase of compensation, 1925. *Includes $22,500 for Juneau Wharf. BOARD OF ROAD COMMISSIONERS FOR ALASKA 2259 4. National cemeteries : Fiscal year-- 1925 ------------------------------- $302. 17 1926 ------------------------------ 300. 00 1927 ----------------------------- 800. 00 1928 ------------------------------- 792. 83 1929 ------------------------------- 1, 176. 00 1930 ------ --------- 1, 470. 00 Total----------------------------------- $4, 841. 00 5. Roads and trails, national parks: Act of---. Mar. 3, 1925------------------------ 80, 000. 00 May 10, 1926----------------------- 50, 000. 00 Jan. 12, 1927 16, 000. 00 Mar. 4, 1928 _.. 60, 000. 00 Mar. 4, 1929------------------------ 65, 000. 00 May 14, 1930---------------------- 220, 000. 00 Total-- ----------------------------------- 491, 000. 00 Total Federal appropriations ----------------- 15, 260, 871. 20 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS (Act of Congress approved June 30, 1921, Alaska special fund) 1. By the Territory of Alaska: Fiscal year- 1920-------------------------------$115, 517. 94 1921--------------------------- ----- 113,746.61 1922 -------------------------------- 54, 737.28 1923------------------------------- 112, 012. 88 1924 -------------------------------- 106, 325. 35 1925-------------------------------- 78, 978.45 1926---------------__----------------- 133, 499. 10 1927__-------------------------------- 88, 015. 76 1928--------------------------------191, 363. 59 1929--------------------------------189, 982. 45 1930-------------------------------- 170, 480. 64 Total __----$1, 354, 660. 05 2. By others: Fiscal year- 1922----------------------- ---------- 1, 683. 77 1923--------------------------------- 1, 379. 54 1924--------------------------------- 4, 540. 00 1925--------------------------- -- 883.12 1926 -------------------------------- 2, 819.01 1927-- , 756.'63 5------------------------------ 1928-------------------------------- 19, 489. 15 1929---------------- ---------------- 23, 430. 32 1930__-------------------------------- 17, 969. 23 Total------------- --- -------------------------- 77, 950. 77 3. Funds contributed for the control of Lowell Creek, Alaska__ 25, 000.00 Total contributed funds--1,---------------------- 457, 610. 82 Grand total, all funds----- -------------------- 16, 718, 482. 02 LYTLE BROWN, Major General, Chief of Engineers. FINDING LIST SHOWING. THE SUBDIVISIONS OF THIS REPORT BY DISTRICTS Page River and Harbor Board------------- ------------------------- 23 Boston, Mass --------------------------------- -------------- 26 Providence, R. I-------------------- 93 New York City, first district------______---------------- 164 New York City, second district----- 313 Philadelphia, Pa ----------------------------- 354 Wilmington, Del --------------------------------------------- --- 385 Baltmor, Md Baltimore, M--- ------------ -------------------------------- __---___- 457 5 Washington, D. C--------------------------------------------------- 495 Norfolk, Va___-------------------------- 531 Wilmington, N. C--------------------------------------------------- 607 Charleston, S. C----------------------------------------------------- 671 Savannah, Ga 05 7---------------- Jacksonville, Fla--------------------------- ------- - ---------- 744 Montgomery, Ala---------------------------- ----- 841 Mobile, Ala 901 New Orleans, La---------------------------------------------------- 946 Galveston, Tex-------------------------------- 1024 Vicksburg, Miss_ 1127 Memphis, Tenn-------------------------------------- 1162 Mississippi River between the Ohio River and Minneapolis, Minn ------- 1188 St. Louis, Mo__------- --------- 1208 Rock Island, Ill ----- ------ 1213 St. Paul, Minn---------------------------------------- 1225 Kansas City, Mo 1------------------ Chicago, Ill., first district________________-------------------------------------------- 1255 Nashville, Tenn --------------- 1270 Chattanooga, Tenn ------------------------ 1282 Ohio River, locks and dams____---------- ---------- 1308 Pittsburgh, Pa Huntington, W. Va ____----------- -------- -- - -1331 1------------------ Cincinnati, Ohio ------------------------------------- ------------- 1373 Louisville, Ky __,,_-- __-- -- -- _ -- _ 1378 Duluth, Minn 395 1------------------ Milwaukee, Wis --------------------- 1434 Chicago, Ill., second district --- _______________1535 Detroit, Mich 1------------------ Buffalo, N. Y 1------------------ Los Angeles, Calif-------------- ----- 1710 San Francisco, Calif_-- 1726 Sacramento, Calif___-------------------------------------------------- 1777 Portland, Oreg_----------------------------------------------------- 1804 Seattle, Wash-------------------------------------------1903 Juneau, Alaska ----------------------------------------------------- 1958 Honolulu, Hawaii ------------------------------------------- 1973 San Juan, P. R _ ------------------- _ 1989 Surveys for navigation, flood control, power, and irrigation------------- 1999 California Debris Commission ---------------------------------------- 2003 Mississippi River Commission ---------------------------------------- 2021 2261 IND EX A Page- Abandonment and curtailment of river and harbor projects, review of reports-------------------------- ----------------------- 2181 Abbapoola Creek, S. C., examination and survey- ------------- 7-- 704- Absecon Creek, N. J., improvement--------- ----------------------- 411 Absecon Inlet, N. J., improvement- -- ---.-------- - ---------- 409 Academy Creek, Brunswick Harbor, Ga., improvement---------------- 729 Acushnet River, New Bedford Harbor, Mass., improvement_.-.-..------- 100' Adams Creek, N. C., improvement of waterway via-- ------- __- -- 572 Agate Bay Harbor, Minn.: Examination and survey------ --------------------- --------- 1433 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 1398 Ahnapee River, improvement of Algoma Harbor, Wis .------------ 1459 Alabama River, Ala., improvement- - 890 --- ------------------ Alabama, State of, removal of water hyacinths from------------------- 942 Alafla River, Fla., examination and survey-------------------------- 839 Alamitos Bay, Calif., examination and survey--- ---------------- 1725 Alaska, Board of Road Commissioners for __----- __-------2248- Albany Harbor, Calif., examination and survey----------------------1775 Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal, N. C. and Va., improvement---------- 572 Albemarle Sound, N. C., improvement of waterway to Norfolk, Va., via Pasquotank River---------------- --------------------------- 568" Alexandria, Va., improvement of Potomac River at------------------- 502 Algoma Harbor, Wis., improvement ------------------ 1459 Allegheny River, Pa.: Construction of locks and dams _____--- - - -______-_-- - 1342 Examinations and surveys___-------------------------- 1353, 1378 Improvement by open-channel work ----- ----------------- 1339 Operating and care of locks and dams --------------------- 1347 Review of reports ----------------------------------------- 1353. Survey with a view to control of the floods------------------- 1853 Alligator Creek, S. C., improvement of waterway from McClellanville to Charleston-------------- ------------------------------------ 681 Alligator Creek and River, N. C.: Examinations and surveys-------------------------------- 607 Improvement of waterway via river __----------- - 572: Alloway Creek, N. J., improvement-------------------------------- 00 Alpena Harbor, Mich., improvement -...------ ------- - 159 Altamaha River, Ga.: Examinations and surveys ---------- - - 742: Improvement of river --------------------------------------- 724 Alto Lake to Waldo, Fla., and to Little Lake, Santa Fe, Fla., canal, review of reports-------------------------------------------- 840 Ambrose Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement- -- __-__- - -222 Amite River, La.: Examinations and surveys ---------------------------------- 1022 Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 971 Anacortes Harbor, Wash.: Examination and survey ------------------------------------ 1957 Improvement ---------------------------------------------1949 Anacostia Park ----------------------------------------------- 2200 Anacostia River, D. C.: Improvement-------- ----------- --------------------------- 500- Reclamation and development of the flats ------- ----------- 2200 Anahuac Channel, Tex.: Examination and survey---------------------------------- 1126. Improvement-------------- ----------------------- 1078. 2263 2264 INDEX Page Anchorage grounds, rules for establishment of ------------ --------- 2184 Anclote River, Fla.: Examination and survey------ -------------------------------- 839 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 823 Annisquam River, Mass., examination'and survey--- --------- ------- 92 Apalachicola Bay, Harbor, and River, Fla.: Examination and survey of waterway to New Orleans, La__ ----------- 1023 Improvement of channel to St. Andrews Bay__________________861 Improvement of harbor in bay_------------------------------ 846 Improvement of river, including the Cut-off, Lee Slough, and lower Chipola River- 8-----------------49 Apopka Lake, Fla., waterway via, examination and survey__---------- - 838 Appomattox River, Va., improvement_____--- ------ __------- 553 Appoquinimink River, Del., improvement ___ .___________--_______ 431 Appropriations : Allotments and transfers under War Department appropriation acts of April 15, 1926, February 23, 1927, and March 23, 1928 --------- 13 Locks and dams, Ohio River------------------ ------ _ 1318 Miscellaneous civil works ___.____------------------------- _ 2182 Rivers and harbors 8 8------------- Aqueduct,*Washington, D. C., maintenance and repair of._____________ 2206 Aransas Bay and Pass, Tex.: Examination and survey--- -------------- __ 1125 Improvement at Harbor Island-------------------------------1108 Improvement of channel to Corpus Christi (via Turtle Cove) _--- 1100 Improvement of channel to Victoria (on Guadalupe River) -------- 107 Improvement of pass__-------------------------------------- 1108 Review of reports on channel to Corpus Christi_______________- 1126 Arecibo Harbor, P. R., examination and survey---------------------- 1999 Arkansas River, Ark.: Examinations and surveys ---------------------------------- 1188 Improvement---- ---------------------------------------- 1163 Arroyo Colorado, Tex., examinations and surveys__________________ 1125, 1126 Arthur Kill, N. Y., and N. J.: Examinations and surveys________--------------- __- - 353 Improvement ------------------------------- -- ----- 323 Arthur Lake, Mermentau River, La., improvement ___--____---__- 1011 Ashepoo River, S. C. : Examination and survey of waterway to Coosaw River, S. C------ 704 Improvement of waterway via--------------------------------- 700 Ashland Harbor, Wis.: Examination and survey __-__-- ___----__--_____ 1433 Improvement --------------- ------------------------------- 1408 Review of reports------------ ---------------------- -------- 1433 Ashley River, S. C., improvement_ --------------------------------- 696 Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio: Examination and survey- - ____---___________ 1709 Improvement _____-__- _____---------1---------1645 Association of Congresses of Navigation, permanent international ----- 2176 Astoria, Oreg., examination and survey of lower harbor... 1902 Atchafalaya River, La.: Improvement --------------------------- ----------- 992 Improvement of intracoastal waterway via------_____ ___________ 994 Removing snags and wrecks---------- ---------------------- 1209 Survey by the Mississippi River Commission--------------------- 2176 Atkins Bay, Me., examination and survey___________________________ 92 Atlantic tidewaters to Great Lakes deeper waterways, review of reports_ 1710 Auglaize River and tributaries, Ohio, examination-..........--------.. 1621 Au Gres River, Mich., examination and survey----------------------1621 Augusta, Ga.: Examination and survey of Savannah River below______________ 742 Improvement of Savannah River above_________________________ 716 Improvement of.Savannah River at- - ----------- 716 Improvement of Savannah River below----- ------------- 712 Au Sable River, Mich., examination and survey- - -1621 Aux Bees Scies Lake, Frankfort Harbor, Mich., improvement-___ - - 1523 INDEX 2265 B Back Bay of Biloxi, Miss.: Page Examination and survey----------------------------------- 946 Improvement of Biloxi Harbor---------------------------------- 934 Back Bay and River, N. C., review of reports on inland waterway from Norfolk, Va., to Beaufort Inlet, N. C----------------------------- 607 Back Cove, Portland Harbor, Me., improvement __._________------- 36 Back Rfver,, Ga..: Improvement of waterway via ------------ ----------------- 717 Review of reports------------ ----- --------------- 743 Back River, Md., examination and survey --- ______--------- ----- 494 Back Sound, N. C., examination and survey of waterway via 70 6---------- Back (Weymouth) River, Mass., improvement------------------------78 Baffins Bay, Tex., examination and survey________-- ______------- 1125 Bakers Bay, Columbia River, Wash., examination and survey----------- 1902 Baileys Cut of the Satilla River to Dover Creek, Ga., cut betweeen, review of reports ----------------------------------------------- - 743 Ballard, Wash., improvement of Lake Washington Ship Canal---------- 1934 Baltimore, Md.: Engineering district ---- ------------------ 457 Improvement of harbor and channels------------ ---------- 458 Barataria Bay and Bayou, La., improvement------ --------------- 973 Barges, experimental, for use on Mississippi River-----------------2178 Bar Harbor, Me., construction of Breakwater------------------------ 28 Barren Island Gaps, Md., examination and survey--------------------494 Barren River, Ky.: Improvement _,- 1383 Operating and care of locks and dams _____----__-___-__-- 1388 Barron River, Fla., examination and survey----------- --------- 839 Bartholomew Bayou, La., and Ark.: Improvemerit _ _________________---- --____1143 Improvement of intracoastal waterway via---------------- 994 Bastrop Bayou, Tex., improvement 1------------------ Battery, The. New York Harbor, N. Y., removal of shoal in Hudson River off Pier A --------------------------- --------- 267 Baudette Harbor and Rivet, Minn.: Examination and survey of harbor - ------------------------1433 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 1429 Bayboro Harbor, Fla., improvement__----- 816 Bayfield Harbor, Wis., examination and survey_______________________ 1433 ay Ridge Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y.: Improvement ----------------------------------------- 234 Review of reports ----------------------------------------- 313 Bay River, N. C., improvement ____-______________-____ 617 Baysid Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement______________ 222 Bear Creek, Ky., improvement_____________- -_______ 1383 Bear Creek, Md., examination and survey ___________________494 Beaufort Harbor and River, N. C.: Examinations and surveys_____________________-___670, 742 Improvement of harbor_-----------___ __-_ _---- 632 Improvement of waterway to Cape Fear River, including waterway to Jacksonville, N. C -------------------------------------- 637 Improvement of waterway to Core Sound _____6____- _______-_ 635 Improvement of waterway to Jacksonville, N. C 637 Improvement of waterway to New River_-- ---------- 637 Beaufort Inlet, N. C.: Examinations and surveys ---------------------------------- 670 Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 647 Improvement of waterway to Norfolk, Va---------------------- 572 Improvement of waterway to Pamlico Sound_--------------____ 572 Operating and care, waterway to Norfolk, Va------------------- 580 Review of reports, waterway to Norfolk, Va--. ._____-.. ____ o607 Beaufort, S. C.: Improvement of waterway to Charleston- _,,-- --- ....- 700 Improvement of waterway to St. Johns River, Fla-----_ - - -717 Improvement of waterway to Savannah, Ga---- .----- 717 2266 INDEX Page Beaver River, Pa., examination and survey-------------------------- 1353 Beaver Slough, Oreg., examination and survey--------------------- 1902 Belhaven Harbor, N. C., improvement--------.._ ..--------------------- 610' Bellingham Bay and Harbor, Wash., improvement of Whatcom Creek waterway (now Whatcom Harbor) ----------------------------- 1953 Bellingham Harbor, Wash., examination and survey----------------- 1957 Benton Harbor Canal, St. Joseph Harbor, Mich., improvement---------- 1490 Berkeley Harbor, Calif., examination and survey------------ ---- 1775 Betsie Lake, Frankfort Harbor, Mich., improvement --------------- 1523 Beverly Harbor, Mass., improvement ---------------------------- 52 Bidwell Creek, N. J., examination and survey------------------ 456 Bienvenu Bayou, La., examinations and surveys--------------------- 1022 Big Blue River, Mo., examination and survey--_--------------------- 1255 Big Kanawha River, W. Va., operating and care of locks and dams.--- 1365 Big Lagoon, Fla., improvement of intracoastal waterway via------------888 Big Muddy River, Ill., examination and survey------------------- 1213 Big Salkehatchie River, S. C., examination and survey --------------- 704 Big Sandy River, W. Va. and Ky.: Examination and survey------------------------------------ 1372 Improvement, including Tug and Levisa Forks--- 1367-------------- Operating and care of locks and dams ___-- ------------------ - 1370 Big Sunflower River, Miss.: Itiprovement _----------- ------------------------------- 1153 Operating and care of lock and dam--------------------------- 1156 Big Thoroughfare River, Md., improvement------------------------- 488 Big Timber Creek, N. J., improvement------------------------------ 388 Biloxi Harbor, Miss.: Examination and survey of Back Bay----- 9----------------- Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 934 Biscayne Bay, Fla., improvement- ----------------------- -- 766,776 Blackflsh Bayou, Ark., improvement------------------------------ 1177 Black Lake, Mich., improvement of Holland Harbor------------------1498 Black River, Ark. and Mo.: Examinations and surveys--------- ---------------- 1187, 1188 Improvement ----------- ---------------------------------- 1171 Black River, La.: Examination and survey------------------------------------ 2176 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 1131 Black River, Lorain, Ohio, improvement---------------------------1633 Black River, Mich.: Examination and survey-------------------------------- 1620, 1621 Improvement--------------------------------------- 1603 Black River, N. C., improvement------------- --------------------- 663 Black River, Wis.: Examination and survey------------------------------------ 231 Operating snag and dredge boats---- ------- ------------------- 1214 Black Rock Harbor and Channel, N. Y.: Examination and survey of channel and Tonawanda Harbor, N. Y__ 1709 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 1668 Improvement of Lake Erie entrance____----------__ --- ___ ___ -1668 Operating and care of canal and lock, etc---------------------- 1674 Black Rock Harbor, Conn., improvement --------------------------- 146 Black Warrior River, Ala.: Improvement --------------------------------- 910 Operating and care of locks and dams ----------...--- _______ 920 Blackwater Creek and River, Va.: Examination and survey of creek_--------- ----------- __ _ 607 Improvement of river ---------------------------------------- 583 Blackwater River, Fla., improvement-------------------------------- 879 Blanchard River and tributaries, Ohio, examination-- --------------- 1621 Block Island, R. I.: Construction of harbor of refuge.....----------------------------- 114 Examination and survey of East Harbor, ............. -- - 168 Examination and survey of Great Salt Pond 6------------- 163 Improvement of Great Salt Pond1--------------------------- 116 Review of reports on harbor of refuge------------------_ , -- 164 Blood River, La., improvement . ------.......--- 970 INDEX 2267 Boards: See also Commissions. . Page Engineers for Rivers and Harbors-------------------- ------------ 23 Experimental towboats, Mississippi River-----------------------_ 2178 International-- Lake- Memphremagog ------ ----- ------ 2235 Lake of the Woods, board of control ---------------------- 2240 Niagara River, board of control --------------------------- 2239 Niagara River, special international---------- ---- 2239 Rainy Lake reference---------------------------------- 2245 St. Croix River, Me. and New Brunswick, board of control------- 2233 St. Lawrence River, near Massena, N. Y., board of control_.... 2240 Road Commissioners for Alaska-__ .-------------------------- 2248 Boca Ciega Bay, Fla., improvement-------------------------------- 820 Bodega Bay, Calif., examination and survey- ----------------------- 1775 Boeuf Bayou, La., examination and survey------------------------- 1023 Boeuf River, La., improvement----- ------------------------------ 1141 Bogue Falia, La., improvement--- -------------- 964 Bogues Bay, Va., improvement_----------------------_ 453 Bogue Sound, N. C., improvement--------------------------------- 637 Bonfouca Bayou, La., improvement---- --------------------------- 967 Bon Secours River and Bay, Ala., improvement of intracoastal water- way via ----- -------------------------------------------- 888 Booms, permits for erection of --------------------------------- 2187 Boothbay Harbor, Me., examination and survey- ------- - -- ----- 92 Borgne Lake, La., examination and survey of waterway- -------- 1022 Boston, Mass.: Engineering district _-___---- --------- _- -- _----- 26 Exemination and survey of harbor------------------- --------- 92 Improvement of harbor_------------ --------------------------- 64 Boundary waters: Between Lake of the Woods and Lake Superior, surveys and chart- ing --------------------------------------------------- 2224 Investigations and surveys- Lake Memphremagog --_ - :_--- - ----- -- 2235 Lake of the Woods------------------------ 2240 Niagara Falls-------------- -------------------------- 2236 Rainy Lake, Minn. and Ontario----------------------..- 2245 St. Croix River, Me. and New Brunswick--------- 2233 St. Lawrence River, near Massena, N. Y------------------- 2240 Bradfords Bay, Va., examination and survey----------------------- 456 Brandywine River, Wilmington Harbor, Del., improvement-------------- 418 Branford Harbor, Conn: Examination and survey----------------------- -------------- 163 Improvement---------- -- ---------------------------------- 135 Brazos Island Harbor, Tex.: Examination and survey ---- _--------------- - 1125 Improvement -------------------------- ---- 1114 Review of reports--------------- ------------------------- 1126 Brazos River, Tex.: Examinations and surveys------------- --------------------- 1125 Improvement between Velasco and Old Washington--------------- 1100 Improvement of mouth-------------------------------------- 1092 Brazos-Santiago Pass, Tex., improvement-------------------------- 1114 Brentons Cove, R. I., removal of Nourmahal Rock .__----------- - 106 Bridgeport Harbor, Conn.: Examination and survey 62 1----------------- Improvement---------------------------------------------- 146 Bridges: Alteration of, obstructing navigation,...----......----------------------2186 Construction a e ross navigable waters--- .......- -------- 2186 Rules governing opening of draws .. -------------- ---- 2185 Broad Creek, Md.: Examination and survey---------------------------- 494 Improvement_-__,_- - --.- . --. -. 486 Broad Creek River, Del., improvement ..... - - 480 2268 INDEX Broadkill River, Del.: Page Examination and survey___------------------------------------- 456 Improvement_------- --------------------------------------- 445 Broad Sound, Boston Harbor, Mass., improvement-------------------- 64 Bronx River, N. Y., improvement ------------------------------ 184 Browns Creek, N. Y., improvement - ----------------------------- 208 Brul6, Plaquemine Bayou, La., improvement_ ------ ___-______ 1015 Brunswick Harbor, Ga.: Examination and surveys ______ _________742 Improvement_ ---------------------- 29 Review of reports--------------------------------------- 743 Brunswick River, N. C., improvement of Cape Fear River below Wil- mington ------- ------------------------------------------ 651 Budd Inlet, Olympia Harbor, Wash., improvement_--------_____-__ 1922 Buffalo Bayou, Tex., improvement of waterway to Houston__________ 1061 Buffalo, N. Y.: Engineer district ------------------------------------------- 1622 Examination and survey of harbor, river, and ship canal-______ 1709 Improvement of Black Rock Channel and Tonawanda Harbor ------- 1668 Improvement of harbor ------------------ _ -------------------- 1660 Operating and care of Black Rock Canal and Ferry Street Bridge___ 1674 Buffington Harbor, Ind., examination and survey---------------------1563 Bulkhead lines, establishment ----- - _______ ----- ___--- ___--- 2187 Burlington Harbor, Vt., improvement .--- ----------------------- 303 Burns Ditch Harbor, Ind., examination and survey __ -________-- _ 1563 Burr Creek, Conn., improvement----------------------------------- 146 Buttermilk Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement- ----------- 238 Buzzards Bay, Mass., examination and survey of bay and approaches to Cape Cod Canal----- ------------------- 163 Byram River, Port Chester Harbor, N. Y., improvement_____________ 165 C Cache River, Ark., examination and survey 188 1------------------ Caddo Lake, Tex., and La., improvement by construction of dam at foot of_ 1120 Calaveras River, Calif., improvement __________________________ _ 1786 Calcasieu Pass and River, La.: Improvement --------------------- 1017 Improvement of intracoastal waterway_ -__ _____-___- 994 Calcite Harbor, Mich., examination and survey_____________________ 1621 California Debris Commission --- ------------ 2003 Caloosahatchee River, Fla.: Examinations and surveys________---- -___-- 839,900 Improvement -------------------------------------------- 790 Review of reports --- _-----__------------- __-------- 840 Calumet Harbor and River, Ill. and Ind.: Examination and survey -- - ---- -1__ 563 Improvement of harbor (South Chicago Harbor) ------------------ __ 1548 Improvement of river______ ___ _-1----___-___-----__ 1548 Cambridge Harbor, Md., improvement--- ---------------------- 477 Camden Harbor, Me.: Examination and survey -------------------------------------- 92 .30 Improvement-- Canada, Dominion of, commerce through St. Marys Falls Canal__ 1572 Canadian River, N. Mex., Tex., and Okla., examinations with a view to control of the floods _____________________________- 1187,1188 Canals: See also Waterways. Albemarle & Chesapeake Canal, N. C., improvement___---------------- 572 Appropriation for operation and care-- ------------------ 5 Benton Harbor Canal, St. Joseph Harbor, Mich., improvement- -__-- 1490 Black Rock Canal and Ferry Street Bridge, Buffalo, N. Y., operating and care----------------------------------------------1674 Qalaveras River, Calif., to Mormon Channel, San Joaquin River, improvement --- __-_______________________-_--___- 1786 INDEX 2269 Canals-Continued. Cape Cod Canal- Page Examination and survey of, and approaches to-------------- 92, 163 Improvement------------------------------------------------- 85 Operating and care------------------------------------------ 88 Care and maintenance, appropriation for__------- --------------- 8 Cascades Canal, Columbia River, Oreg., operating and care---------- 1870 Chesapeake & Delaware Canal, Del. and Md.- Improvement------------------------------ ------------------ 423 .Operation and care of canal and locks------------------------- 429 457 Review of reports-------------------------------------------- Colbert Shoals Canal, Ala., operating and care________--------------- 1296 Company Canal, La., improvement of Louisiana and Texas intra- coastal waterway ---------------------------------------------- 994 Dalles-Celilo Canal, Oreg. and Wash.- Improvement----------------------------------------------- 1873 Operating and care-___-----------------------------------------__ 1876 Des Moines Rapids Canal and Dry Dock, Mississippi River, operating and care____-----__________-----_-_---- 1202 Dismal Swamp Canal, Va. and N. C.- Examination and survey _____________________------------- 607 Improvement of waterway via-------------------------------- 572 Drummond Lake Canal, Va. and N. C.- Examination and survey of locks at-------------------------- 607 Improvement of waterway via__ ______________572 EStherville-Minim Creek Canal, S. C., improvement-----------------681 Hanson Canal, La.- Improvement of intracoastal waterway via 994 Operating and care ---------- 1005 Harvey Canals, La.- Improvement of intracoastal waterway via---------------- 994 Operating and care_ 002 1------------------ Iberia Commercial Canal, La., examination and survey of waterway via--____________ ___- -_-_---_ 1022 Illinois & Mississippi Canal, Ill.- Examination and survey __ -------- 1224 Improvement of Mill Creek and South Slough _ 1221 Operating and care of canal__________________---------------- 1216 Interoceanic Canal, surveys-------------------------------------2177 Keokuk (Des Moines Rapids) Canal and Dry Docks, Mississippi River, operating and care _--- 1202 Lake Washington Ship Canal, Wash.- Examination and survey__________-- --- ---- 957 Improvement ----------------------------------------------- 1934 Operating and care_---- ------------------------------------ 939 Le Claire Canal, Iowa, operating and care 202 1____________ Louisville and Portland Canal, Ohio River, Ky.- Enlargement-----------------------------------------------1309 Operating and care --- ----------- 1321 Miami and Erie Canal, Ohio, and branch canal to Lake Michigan, etc., examination and survey ----------------------------------- 1378 Muscle Shoals Canal, Ala., operating and care-------------------- 1296 Navigation of, regulations for----------------------------------- 2183 Operation and care, appropriation for_________ ___________ 8 Portage Lake Canals, Mich., improvement------------------------ 1414 Port Arthur Ship Canal, Tex.- Improvement--------------------------------------------- 1024 Review of reports Sabine-Neches waterway and___ __________ 1127 Regulations for navigation--------------------------------------- 2183 Sabine-Neches Canal, Tex.- Contributions for improvement ------------------------------ 1027 Improvement ------------- -- ---- - 1024 Improvement of intracoastal waterway via------------------1036 Review of reports on Port Arthur Canal, Tex., and -1127 2270 INDEX Canals--Continued. St. Marys Falls Canal, Mich.- Page Commercial statistics------------------- ----------------- 1572 Improvement ------------------------------------------ 1564 Operating and care---- -------------------------------- 1574 San Joaquin River, Calif., Mormon Channel to Calaveras River, im- provement---------------------------------------------- 1786 Sturgeon Bay and Lake Michigan Canal, Wis., improvement ------ 1455 Thoroughfare Bay to Cedar Bay, N. C., improvement------ 630 Waldo, Fla., into Lake Alto, thence to Little Lake Santa Fe, review of reports---- ------------------------------------------ 840 Canaveral Harbor, Fla., examination and survey---------------------838 Cannes, des Bayou, La., improvement----------------------------1011 Cape Charles Harbor, Va., examination and survey-------------------607 Cape Cod Canal: Examination and survey of, and approaches to________________ 92, 163 Improvement ----------------------------------------------- 85 Operating and care ------------------------------------------- 88 Cape Fear River, N. C.: Examination and survey--------------------------------- 669, 670 Improvement above Wilmington______________________________ 656 Improvement at and below Wilmington-------------------------- 651 Improvement of Northeast Branch-- -------------------------- 660 Improvement of waterway to Beaufort, N. C., including waterway to Jacksonville, N. C_-----------------------6--------------37 Improvement of waterway to Winyah Bay, S. C------6----------- 43 Operating and care of Locks and Dams Nos. 1 and 2--------------665 Review of reports--------- ---------------------------- 671, 704 'Cape Lookout, N. C., improvement of harbor of refuge 49 6---------------- Cape May, N. J., improvement of Cold Spring Inlet, N. J___________ 407 Cape Vincent Harbor, N. Y., improvement___________________________ 1696 Cape Sante waterway and Anacortes Harbor, Wash.: Examination and survey------- --------------------------- 1957 Improvement --------------- ----------------------------- 1949 Carlin Bayou, La., examinations and surveys___-------------------- 1022 Carrabelle Bar and Harbor, Fla.: Improvement---- ---------------------------------------- 843 Review of reports---------------- -- -------------- 901 Carters Creek, Va., improvement--------------------------------- 518 Cascades Canal, Columbia River, Oreg., operating and care------------- 1870 Caseys Pass, Sarasota Bay, Fla., exam nation and survey----------------839 Cashie River, N. C., improvement--------------------------------- 592 Cat River, Va., improvement of waterway via----------------- 453 Catskill Creek, N. Y., review of reports------------------------------313 Cavallo Pass, Tex., improvement of channel to Port Lavaca ----------- 1105 Cedar Bayou, Tex.: Improvement --------------------------------------------- 1082 Review of reports ------------ ---------------- 1127 Cedar Bay to Thoroughfare Bay, N. C., improvement-----------------___ 630 Cedar Creek, Conn., improvement--------------------------------- 146 Cedar Island Bay, N. C., examination and survey of waterway via ..... 670 Cedar Keys Harbor, Fla., improvement----------------------------829 Celilo Falls, Columbia River------------------------------------- 1873 Chambersia (Anahuac) Channel, Tex., improvement-------------- 1073 Champla'n Lake, N. Y. and Vt.: Burlington Harbor, Vt., improvement-------------------------- 303 Narrows, improvement-------------------------------------- 300 Plattsburg Harbor, N. Y., improvement-- ---------------------- 306 Port Henry Harbor, N. Y., improvement-------------------------309 Surveys and charting------- ----------------------------- 2224 Channels. See Rivers and harbors, Canals, an Waterways. Charles River, Boston, Mass., improvement-------------------------- 64 Charleston, S. C.: Engineering district__(_____-______- 671 - Improvement of harbor_ _______------------690 Improvement of waterways to Beaufort- - --------- - 700 Improvement of waterway to Winyah Bay ----------- 681 INDEX 2271 Charlevoix Harbor, Mich.: . Page Examination and survey ----------------------------------- 1534 Improvement -------------- ------------------------------ 1527 Charlotte Harbor, Fla., improvement---------------------------- 798 Charlotte (Rochester) Harbor, N. Y.: Examination and survey----------------------------------- 1709 Improvement ---------- -------------------------------- 1682 Charts and maps, Northern and Northwestern Lakes __-___ --- __----2224 Chattahoochee River, Ga. and Ala.: Examination and survey-------------------------------- 900, 1023 Improvement below Columbus-------------------------------- 858 Chattanooga, Tenn., engineering district -- - - -- - __--- _-1282 Cheboygan Harbor, Mich.: Examination and survey___________ ------------------------------------ 1621 Improvement __------------------ 1591 Cheesequake Creek, N. J., improvement---------------------------- 339 Chefuncte River, La., improvement_______ -- __________ 964 Chehalis River, Wash., improvement19----------------------------- 10 Chelsea Creek, Boston Harbor, Mass., improvement---------_---------- 64 Chequamegon Bay, Ashland Harbor, Wis., improvement -------------- 1408 Chesapeake and Albemarle Canal, N. C. and Va., improvement --------- 572 Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, Del. and Md.: Examination and survey------------------------------------456 Improvement ----------------------------------------- 423 Operating and care of canals and locks------------------------429 Review of reports------------------------------------ ---- 457 Chesapeake Bay, Md. and Va.: Thimble Shoal, improvement--------------------------------- 540 Waterway to Beaufort Inlet, improvement_____-_____- _____ - 572 Waterway to Eastern Bay, Kent Island, Md., examinat on and survey -------- ---------------------------------------- 494 Waterway to sounds of North Carolina (to Pamlico Sound), improvement--------- ----------------------------------- 568 Waterway to Tangier Sound, via Ewell, Md., examination and survey-------------------------------------------------- 494 York Spit, removal of shoals opposite __ 458 Chester R:ver, Md --------------------------------------------- 469 Chester River, Pa., improvement---------------------------------- 416 Chicago Harbor and River: Examination and survey of harbor---------------------------- 1563 Improvement of harbor____ ____________________________ 1539 Improvement of river___._______________-----___-- -- 1544 Chicago, Ill., engineering districts: First- --- 1255 Second --- ----------------------------------------------- 1535 Chickasaw Creek, Ala., examination andl survey- - 946 Chico Bayou, Fla., examinations and surveys ______________________ 900 Chien Lake, La., to intracoastal waterway, examination and survey.___ 1022 Chincoteague Bay, Channel, and Inlet, and adjacent waters, examination and survey-- ------------------------------------------------ 456 Chincoteague Inlet and Bay, Va.: Waterway on coast of Virginia, improvement____ _____________ 453 Waterway to Delaware Bay- Improvement ------------------------------------------ 449 Review of reports -------------------------------------- 456 Chipola River, Fla.: Improvement of lower river_----- ...............-- __- __ 849 Improvement of upper river --------------------------------- 52 Ch'ppewa River, Wis., operating snag and dredge boats- -______ ______ 1214 Chocolate Bayou, Tex., improvement _-___-__-- - ____ _____ 1088 Choctawhatchee River, Fla. and Ala.: Examinations and surveys __________________ ___-- - - -____ 900 Improvement of East Pass Channel ---- 76 8---------------- Improvement of river ------------------------------------ 869 Chokoloskee Bay, Fla., examination and survey- -- 39 8-------- Choptank River, Md., improvement------------------- 475 11714---30---ENG 1930---143 2272 INDEX Christiana River, Del.: Page Improvement of Wilmington Harbor__ _______-_______--______ 418 Review of reports on Wilmington Harbor ____ __________________ 457 Cimarron River, N. Mex. and Okla., examination with a view to control of the floods ------------------------------------------------ 1188 Cincinnati, Ohio, engineering district _______- -______ -___________ 1373 City Island, New York City, N. Y., examination and survey--------- 312 Claiborne Harbor, Md., improvement ------- _ 472 Review of reports ------------------------------------------ 495 Clark River, Oreg., examination and survey________________________ 1902 Clatskanie River, Oreg., improvement------_ 1856 Clear Creek and Lake, Tex.: Examination and survey__ __________________-- - - - -1126 Improvement of creek_________----------- -------------------------- 1085 Clearwater Harbor, Fla.: Examination and surveys_ ____ ____-----------------__ 839 Improvement of channel to Tampa Bay ----------------- ------- 820 Cleveland, Ohio : Examinations and surveys of harbor_....___. ___.____-____ 1709 Improvement of harbor--- - ______- - - - - -___ - __- 1636 Clinton Harbor, Conn., examination and survey--- - -1631__-________- Clinton River, Mich., examination and survey___________________ 1621 Cockrells Creek, Va., improvement_______________________ 511 Cocodrie Bayou, La., examination and survey_______________________ 1023 Coden Bayou, Ala., examination and survey________________________ 946 Coenties Reef, New York Harbor, N. Y., removal________________-___ 245 Cohansey River, N. J., improvement______--____ Coinjock Bay, N. C., improvement of waterway via-_---- - ---- -____ __________ 402 572 Colbert Shoals Canal, Tennessee River, Ala., operating and care--------1296 Cold Spring Inlet, N. J.: Examinations and surveys --------------------------------- 456 Improvement ---------------------------------------- 407 dColdwater River, Miss., improvement ------------------------------ 1151 Colgate Creek, Md., examination and survey____ --- _____ -___- 494 Colona, Ill., to Mississippi River at Moline Pool, examination and survey of waterway-------------------------------- 1224 Colorado River, Tex., examinations and surveys ---------------- 1124, 1125 Columbia River, Oreg. and Wash.: Cascades Canal, operating and care --------------------------- 1870 Celilo Falls to Snake River, including tributaries, improvement from_ 1877 Celilo Falls to The Dalles Rapids, improvement 1873 Celilo Falls to The Dalles Rapids, operating and care of canal and locks---- ---------------------------------------------- 1876 Examinations and surveys------------------------------- 1902, 1957 General statement regarding-------------------- 1843 Mouth, improvement-------------------- -------------------- 1844 Mouth to Willamette River, improvement____ ______________ 1849 ----- Review of reports---------------------------- -- ---------- 1904 Threemile Rapids, improvement_______--------------------------- 1873 Colyell Bayou, La----------------------- -------------- 971 Combahee River, S. C., examination and survey 04 7___________ Commencement Bay, Wash.: Examination and survey___------------------------------- 1958 Improvement--------------------------------------------- 1925 Commissions : See also Boards. California Debris Commission________--------------------- 2003 Federal Power Commission, supervision of Niagara Falls power de- velopment--- -------------------------------------------- 2238 Mississippi River Commission--------------------------- ----- 2021 Permanent International Association of Congresses of Navigation___ 2176 Company Canal, La., improvement of Louisiana and Texas intracoastal waterway ---------- ---------------------------------------- 994 Compton Creek, N. J.: Examination and survey ----------------------------------- 353 Improvement__ --------------------------------------- 342 Conecuh River, Ala., improvement --- ------------------------ 881 Conemaugh River, Pa., examination and survey --------------------- 1353 Coney Island Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement - -- 231 Congaree River, S. C.: Page Improvement -- ------------------------------------- 686 Operating and care of lock and dam--------------------------- 689 Congresses of Navigation, Permanent International Association of------ 2176 Conneaut Harbor, Ohio: Examination and survey------------------------------------ 1709 Improvement--- ----------------------------------------- 1649 Goseetient River, Mass. and Conn. : Examination and survey------------ ----------------------- 163 Improvement above Hartford, Conn------------------------------ 127 'Improvement below Hartford, Conn-------------------------- 129 Review of reports, between Hartford and Holyoke, Mass---------- 164 Constable Hook to Ellis Island, New York Harbor, examination and survey ------------------- ------------------------------- 353 Contentnea Creek, N. C.: Examination and survey----------------------------------- 670 Improvement-- ---------------------------------------- 625 Cooper River (Creek), N. J., improvement-------------------------385 Cooper River, S. C., examination and survey-----------------------704 Coosa River, Ga. and Ala.: Improvement___-------- ------------------------------------ 894 Operating and care of locks and dams -- __-- ------- ------ 898 Coosaw River, S. C.: Examination and surveys --------------------- ----- 704 Improvement of waterway via-------------------------------- 700 Coos Bay,-Harbor, and River, Oreg.: E:xamintion and survey--- ---------------------- 1902-------- Improvement of entrance to bay and harbor--------------------1810 Improvement of river -------------------------------------- 1818 Copperas Creek, Ill., lock and dam, operating and care-... ______...__ 1265 Coquille River, Oreg.: Examination and survey----------------------------------- 1902 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 804 Cordova Harbor, Alaska, examination and survey------------_________ 1972 Corea Harbor, Me., examination and survey------------------------ 92 Core Creek, N. C., improvement of waterway via__ ___.___________- 572 Core Sound, N. C.: Examinations and surveys___---------------------------------- 670 Improvement of waterways to Beaufort Harbor------__---------- 635 Corney Bayou, La., improvement_ ----------------- -------- 1146 Corpus Christi, Tex.: :xaniinations and surveys -----------------------------1125, 1126 Improvement of intracoastal waterway to the Mississippi River_ 994,1036 Review of reports..----------------------------------------112 Corsica River, Md., examination and survey-_---- ---- __ --- 494 Corte Madera Creek, Calif., examination and survey ----------------- 775 Courtableau Bayou, La., examination and survey_______ _____--__ 1023 Cowlitz River, Wash.: Examination and surveys-----------__ _ 1------------------- Improvement------------------ --------------------------- 1889 Craft, sunken, removal of -------------------------------------- 2181 Craig Harbor, Alaska, examination and survey__ 1------------------- Craven Shoal, New York Harbor, improvement___ --------------------- 222 Crescent City Harbor, Calif.: Improvement-------------- 1769 Review of reports-- --------------------------------------- 1777 Crescent Lake and Dunns Creek, Fla., improvement------------------ 758 Criehaven Harbor, Me., examination and survey __--____--___ -__ -- 92 Crisfleld Harbor, Md., improvement-----___ ______ _ 484 Croatan Sound, N. C., improvement of waterway via----____________ -568 Crockett Lake, Wash., examination and survey of channel from Puget Sound into__------------------__--------- 1957 Cross Rip Shoals, Mass., improvement .__________-98 Crystal River, Fla., improvement--------------------------------- 825 Cumberland River, Ky. and Tenn.: Above Nashville, improvement-- ----- _ ------ 1273 Below Nashville, improvement ------------------ 1270 Operating and care of locks and dams------------.., _ 1279 2274mE Cumberland Sound, Ga. and Fla.: Page Improvement -.--------------------------------------------- 738 Improvement of waterway between Savannah and Fernandina - 717 Improvement of waterways to St. Johns River, Fla---------------- 717 Survey of waterway to Mississippi River _ _______------ 743 Current River, Ark. and Mo__ - ________- - ___---- ------ 1174 Currituck Sound, N. C., review of reports on waterway from Norfolk, Va., to Beaufort Inlet, N. C-------------....-- 607 Curtailment and abandonment of river and harbor projects, review of reports ------------------------------------------------- 2181 CUrtis Bay, Baltimore, Md., improvement of channel to_ 458 Curtis Creek, Md., examination and survey___ ------------ 494 Cutler Bayou, La., improvement ---------------------------------- 973 Cuyahoga River, Cleveland, Ohio: Examination and survey_ -------------------------------------- 1706 Improvement -------------------------------------------- 1636 Cypress Bayou, Tex. and La.: Construction of dam at foot of Caddo Lake --------------------- 1120 Improvement of, including connecting lakes between Shreveport, La., and Jefferson, Tex --------------------------------------- 1120 Cypress Top Outlet, Choctawhatchee River, Fla., improvement- -- 869 D Dalles-Celilo Canal, Oreg. and Wash.: Improvement_ --------------------------------------------- 1873 Operating and care.._____ -- - - -- 1876 Dan River, Va., examination-......------------ -- 606 D'Arbonne Bayou, La., improvdment ------------------------------ 1146 Darby River, Pa., examination and survey ------------------------- 456 Darien, Ga.: Examination and survey of waterway to sea___ - ------ - 742 Improvement of harbor-_ -------- _- ---- 723 Dashields Dam, Pa.: Construction ---------------------------------------------- 1309 Operating and care----------------------------------------1321 Davis Creek, N. C., improvement of waterway via -------------------- 643 Dawho River, S. C., improvement of waterway via- - --- -- 700 Deadmans Bay, Fla., examination and survey of Steinhatchee River .. 839 Deals Island, Md., to Maynes Point, Upper Thoroughfare, examination --- and survey of channel from-.....----------- 494 D6bris, mine in California -------------------------------------- 2004 Debs Inlet, N. Y., improvement ----------------------------------- 211 Deep Bay, N. C. : Examination and survey of waterway to Swan Quarter Bay -. 670 Improvement of waterway to Swan Quarter Bay- - ------ 608 Deep Creek, Fla., improvement ---------------------------------- 752 Deep Creek, Va.: Examination and survey in Warwick County----------------- 607 Improvement of waterways to sounds of North Carolina via Eliza- beth River ---------------------------------------------- 568 Deep River, Okla., examination with a view to control of the floods-- 1188 Deep River, Wash., improvement --------------------------------- 1897 Deer Creek, Miss., examination and survey_ -- -1162 Delacroix Island and Terre au Boeuf Bayou, La.: Examination and survey_ - - - - - - - - --- 1022 Review of reports ------------------------------------------ 1023 Delaware and Chesapeake Canal, Del. and Md.: Improvement ---------------------------------------- ---- 423 Operating and care of canal and locks_- - ---------- 429 Review of reports ------------------------------------------ 457 Delaware Bay and River, Pa., N. J., and Del.: At Camden, improvement__ --- -- ---------- 373 Breakwater and harbor of refuge in bay, improvement- 381 Examination and survey of river---- -----.. 384 Intracoastal waterway to New York Bay- Examination and survey 353 Review of reports ......- 354 INDEX 2275 Delaware Bay and River, Pa., N. J., and Del.-Continued. Page Philadelphia and Camden Harbors, improvement --------- 354, 361, 373 Philadelphia to sea- Improvement -------------------------------------------- 361 Review of reports-------- - ------- 384 Philadelphia to Trenton- Improvement------------------------------------ --- 354 Review of reports-------------------------------------- 384 Waterway to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md.- Examination and survey--------------------------------- 456 Improvement ------------------------------------------ 423 Operating and care------------------------------ ------ 429 Review of reports__________ _______----------------------------- 457 Waterway to Chincoteague Bay- Improvement _ _--------------------------------- ----- 449 Review of reports________________________ ------------------- 456 Waterway to Rehoboth Bay, improvement-___________________ 447 De Pere, Wis., improvement of ,Green Bay Harbor------------------- 1441 Derelicts. See Wrecks. Des Cannes Bayou, La.: Improvement --- ------------------------------------------ 1011 Review of reports ____-_- -_________---------------------1023 Des Moines Rapids Canal and Dry Docks, Mississippi River, operating and care----------- -------------------------------------- 1202 Des Plaines River, Ill., review of reports------------------------- 1269 Detroit, Mich., engineering district ------------------------------ 1564 Detroit River, Mich.: Improvement -------------------------------- 583 1----------- Improvement of channels in waters connecting Great Lakes-------- 1564 Dickersons Bay, Va., examination and survey------------------------ 530 Dickinsin Bayou, Tex.: Examination and survey -------------- 1126 Improvement- ------------------ ------------ 1088 Discharge observations, Great Lakes --------------------------- 2230 Dismal Swamp Canal, Va. and N. C.: Examination and survey__ Improvement of waterway via ------------------------------ 607 6______-____ 572 District of Columbia: Anacostia Park___________________ Anacostia-Par------------------------------------------- 2200 2200 Anacostia River, reclamation of flats __- ___ --- _____-___-_ 2200 Aqueduct, increasing water supply_----------------------------2218 Aqueduct, maintenance and repair________________________________ 2206 Government buildings, consumption of water in________________ 2210 Improvement of Potomac River_______________________________ 495 Water supply, increase in ---------------------------------- 2218 Doboy Bar and Sound, Ga.: Examination and survey of waterway via the sound-------------- 742 Improvement of bar ---------------------------------------- 723 Dock lines, establishment__------------------------------------- 2187 Dog Island Harbor, St. George Sound, Fla., improvement 843 Dog River, Miss., improvement- ------------------------------ 924 Dolphins, permits for erection of ------------------------------ 2187 Dorchester Bay, Mass., improvement----------------------------- 72 Double Bayou, Tex., improvement_______ __________- _______ 1070 Douglas Bay, N. C., examination and survey___________________________ 669 Dover Creek, Ga., cut between Baileys Cut of the Satilla River, review of reports--------------------------------------------------------- 743 Drawbridges: See also Bridges. Rules for opening ------------------------------------------ 2185 Drawings. See Maps and Charts. Drift removal from New York Harbor____________________________ 274, 2191 Drummond Lake Canal, Va., and N. C.: Examination and survey of locks at- _ --------- _ 607 Improvement of waterways via-------------- _ 572 Duck Creek (Smyrna River), Del., improvement-.... - 433 Duck Island Harbor, Conn., construction of harbor of refuge- ---- 133 227(6 INDEX Duluth, Minn.: Page Engineering district __________ _ _ __ 1395 Examination and survey of Duluth-Superior Harbor__----------- 1433 Improvement of Duluth-Superior Harbor___------------- 1401 Review of reports on Duluth-Superior Harbor- __. ____------1433 Dunkirk Harbor, N. Y., improvement .----------------------------- 1657 DUOns Creek and Crescent Lake, Fla., improvement----- 758 Dupont Bayou, La., improvement_---_____--__ _93----3 Duwamish River, Wash.: Examination and survey of waterways, Seattle Harbor------------1957 Improvement of east and west waterways, Seattle Harbor----------19 Improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries ------------------- 1916 E East Bay Bayou, Tex., improvement_______________ __----------- 1070 - East Bay, Fla., improvement of waterways via_________-- -------- 861 East (Ambrose) Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement---- --- 222 East Chester Creek, N. Y.: Examination and survey_------------------------------------ 312 Improvement ____ ---______________________ ____ 177 Review of reports ______- - ____________-____-- 312 Eastern Bay, Claiborne Harbor, Md., improvement_--___-- 72 4----------- Eastern Bay to Chesapeake Bay, Kent Island, Md., examination and survey of channel from------------------------------------ 494 Eastern Branch, Elizabeth River, Va., improvement___________- -___- -531 East Harbor, Block Island, R. I., examination and survey--- 1------ -163 East Norwalk Harbor, Conn., improvement_____----------- _--- 153 East Pass Channel, Fla., from Gulf of Mexico into Choctawhatchee Bay, improvement __- _ _ ___---_-_- -_ 876 East Pass, Fla., improvement of Carrabelle Harbor___________________ 843 East Pearl River, Miss., improvement ------------------------------ 939 East River, Brunswick Harbor, Ga., improvement_____________________ 729 East River, N. Y., improvement, including Coenties Reef _____________ 245 East Rockaway (Debs) Inlet, N. Y., improvement---__ ______________ 211 Echo Bay Harbor, N. Y., improvement__------ ________-----_ 172 Edenton Harbor, N. C., improvement ------------------------------- 590 Edgartown Harbor, Mass., examination and survey_______________--__ 163 Edisto (South) River, S. C., examination and survey_ _________--___ 704 Eel River, Mass., improvement of Plymouth Harbor__- - _________ - _ 81 Egegik River, Alaska, examination and survey-----------------------1972 Egg (Great) Harbor River, N. J., examination and survey------------ 456 Electrical power : Mis issipi River between St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minn----------1204 Niagara River, N. Y., control and regulation__ _____________-. 227,23 8 Elizabeth River, N. J.: Examination and survey------------------------------------- 353 Improvement _____ ____ __________328 Imprvemnt---------------------------------------- 32 Review of reports------------- ---------------------------- 354 Elizabeth River, Va.: Examination and survey ------------------------- 607 Improvement of Norfolk Harbor, including Eastern, Southern, and Western Branches ---------------------------------------- 531 Improvement of waterways to sounds of North Carolina via Pasquo- tank River _--------------------------- Elk River, Md., improvement4------------------------------------- 67 Elliot Bay, Wash., improvement of Duwamish River and east and west waterways--- ---------------------------------------------- 1929 Emeryville Harbor, Calif., examination and survey___________________ 1775 ~~ire Cut, Calif., improvement _________ __________________ 1801 ffisworth Dam, Pa., operating and care_____________ _______________ 1321 Enfield Rapids, Connecticut River, Conn., improvement----------------127 Engineers, the Board of, for Rivers and Harbors----- ______-______ 23 English Kills, Newtown Creek, N. Y., improvement-- 257 Erie and Miami Canal, examination and survey_ -------- _ 1378 Erie Basin, N. Y., improvement of channel in Lake Erie -------------- 1668 INaX 2277. Erie Harbor, Pa.: Page Examinations and surveys...---------------------------- 1378, 1709 Improvement------------- ------------------------------ 1652 Erie, Lake: Black Rock Harbor, improvement of entrance to--------- -----. 1668 Channels in waters connecting Great Lakes, improvement---------- 1564 Discharge----------- ------------------------------------- 2230 Elevation-------------------------------------------- ---- 2230 Examination and survey of waterways to Ohio River__ 1378, 1395 Surveys, charts, etc., of northern and northwestern lakes ---------- 2224 Water levels------- ------------------------------- --- 2230 Escambia River, Fla.: Extmination ----- ----------------------------------- 900 Improvement------------------ --------------------------- 881 Escanaba Harbor, Mich., examination and survey------------------- 1534 Estherville-Minim Creek Canal, S. C., improvement_ -- ___---------681 Estimates of appropriations required: Miscellaneous civil works------------- ---------- 2183 Rivers and harbors, etc------------------------------------- 22 Roads, bridges, and trails in Alaska------- ___-------------- 2253 Eureka, Calif., improvement of channel in front of _______----------- 1765 Everett Harbor, Wash.: Examination and survey ____ ___----__----____ 1957 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 1941 Expenditures : Miscellaneous civil works------- ---------- 2182 Rivers and harbors------- --------------------------------- 9 Experimental towboats, board on____------ ------------------- 2178 F Fairfield, N. C., examination and survey of canal to inland waterway -. 607 Fairhaven Harbor, Mass., improvement ....- ______ _-----____---- 100 Fairport Harbor, Ohio : Examination and survey----------------------------------- 1709 Improvement-------------- --------- --- 1642 Falia, Bogue, La., improvement-_ _____----------------------- -- 964 Fall River Harbor, Mass.: Examination and survey------------- ------------------------ 162 Improvement--------- ---------------------------- -------- 102 Falls of Ohio River, Louisville, Ky., improvement-------------------- 1309 Fancy Bluff Creek, Ga., improvement ------------------------------ 733 Far Creek, N. C.: Examination and survey------------------------------------669 Improvement ----------------------------------------------611 Feather River, Calif.: Improvement--------------------------------- ------------ 1798 Work of California Debris Commission_______-- ____-- __-_ 2003 Federal Power Commission: Field investigation for -------------------------------------2179 Niagara Falls power companies, supervision and inspection Fenwicks Island Cut, S. C.: 2238 ------.. Examination and survey of waterway to Coosaw River, S. C-------- 704 Improvement of waterway via __________----------------__ 700 Fernandina Harbor, Fla.: Improvement -------- ------------------------------------ 738 Improvement of waterways to Savannah, Ga--------------------- 717 Fighting Island Channel, Detroit River, Mich., improvement-----------1583 Filtration plant, Washington Aqueduct, D. C ----------------------- 2206 Fishers Island, N. Y.: Improvement of Hay (West) Harbor) _------------------------- 160 Review of reports on Hay (West) Harbor-------------------- 164 Fishing Creek, N. C., improvement__------------------- 616 Fish traps or weirs: Inspection expenses-- ---------------------------------- 2187 Permits for construction ..---------------------- 2187 Flint River, Ala. and Tenn., examination and survey ----------------- _ 1308 2278 ! x illnt River, Ga.: Page Examinations and surveys- - .-- ____----- -.. . --- . 743, 900 Improvement----- ---------------------------- 854 Flood control: On Mississippi River and tributaries 2034 5---------------------- On Sacramento River, Calif------- ------------------------- 2012 Surveys for-- ----------------------------------------------- 1999 Florida (across), examination and survey of waterway to Florida East Coast Canal------------------------------------------------900 Florida Bay, examination and survey of channel to Florida East Coast Canal ----------------------------------------- --------- 838 Florida East Coast Canal: Examination and survey_ ____-----------___- - - -__ 838, 900 Improvement of intracoastal waterway, Jacksonville to Miami, Fla., via ------------------- ----------------- 766 Florida (northern), examination and survey of waterway across, to con- nect the Atlantic intracoastal waterway with proposed Gulf intra- coastal waterway----------------------------------------- 743, 840 Florida, removal of water hyacinths from waters of State ---------- 835, 1018 Flushing Bay, N. Y.: Improvement ---------------------------- 188 Review of reports------- --------- --------------------------- 313 Fore (Weymouth) River, Mass., improvement___------------- --- - 75 Fore River, Portland, Me., improvement ___------------------------------ 36 Fort George River, Fla., improvement of waterway via 17 7---------------- Fort Pierce Inlet, Fla., examination and survey ---------------------- 838 Fort Pierre, S. Dak., improvement of Missouri River at_________-__, _ 1243 Fort Point Channel, Boston Harbor, Mass., improvement. -------- 64 Fort Pond Bay, N. Y., examination and survey _____ -_____-__-- -312 Fox River, Wis.: Examinations and surveys___ - __,_----- - -1534 Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 1445 Improvement of Green Bay Harbor---_ ---- ------- 1441 Operating and care of locks and dams -------------------------- 1454 Foys Flats, N. C., improvement of Trent River at--------------------- 627 Frankfort Harbor, Mich., improvement__---------------- ----- -1523 Freeport Harbor, Tex.: Improvement---- ----------- ------------------------------ 1092 Review of reports----------------------------------------- 1127 French Broad and Little Pigeon Rivers, Tenn., improvement __ - __--1303 French Creek, Pa., examination and survey via-.-------------- -__ 1378 Front River, Ga., improvement of Sapelo Harbor ____ _____-___ 722 G Galena River, Ill., operating snag and dredge boats_-----_ -- __ -1214 Galveston Bay and Harbor, Tex.: Examinations and surveys____------- .. ------ __ ______ 1124-1126 Improvement of channel across Hanna Reef, Ladies Pass -__-____- - 1070 Improvement of Galveston Channel-....... 1049 Improvement of Galveston-Texas City Channel-------------------1054 Improvement of harbor entrance-- --------------------------- 1045 Improvement of Port Bolivar Channel 058 1------------------ Improvement of waterway to Houston ---------------- 1061 Galveston, Tex., engineering district------------------------------- 1024 Gary Harbor and Canal, Ind., examination and survey___________ 1563 Gasconade River, Mo., improvement ------------------- _ - 1251 Gastineau Channel, Alaska, examination and survey ________-__ 1972 Gaging: Mississippi River and principal tributaries______________ ______ 1225 Northern and northwestern lakes, level ------------------------ 2230 Gedney Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement__-__ ________ 222 Genesee River, Charlotte Harbor, N. Y., improvement______ -- _____-- 1682 George, Lake, channels in waters connecting Great Lakes, improvement 1564 George, Lake, St. Johns River, Fla., improvement .----...-- -755 Georgetown Harbor, D. C., improvement of Potomac River at-- - --- 495 INDEX 2279 Georgetown Harbor, S. C.: Page Examination and survey of waterway to Cape Fear River_-------- 669 Improvement--------- ------------------------------------ 671 George Washington, monument and wharf at Wakefield, Va., birthplace of_ 2222 Georgia (southern), examination and survey of waterway across; to con- nect the Atlantic intracoastal waterway with the proposed Gulf intra- coastal waterway --------- --------------------------------- 743 Glen Arbor Harbor, Mich., examination and survey ------------ 1534 Glencove Creek, N. Y., improvement__-- ------------------- 1___- 195 Glen Haven Harbor, Mich., examination and survey---------------- 1534 Gloucester Harbor, Mass.: Examination and survey-------------------------------------- 92 Improvement------------------------- --------------- 50 Review of reports-------------------- ------------------ 9 Gosport Harbor, N. H., improvement ---------------------- --- -- 45 Government Channel, Fla., examination and survey of channel to Alafia River--- -------------------------- ------------- 839 Government buildings, District of Columbia, consumption of water in ... 2210 Gowanus Creek Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement--------- 242 Grand Bayou Pass, La., examination and survey--------------------- 1022 Grand Caillou Bayou, La., examination and survey------------------ 1022 Grand Calumet River, Ill., and Ind., improvement--_--------------- 1548 Grand Haven Harbor, Mich.: Examination and survey------- ---------------------------- 1534 Improvement-- -------- ----------------------- 1502 Grand Lake, Mermentau River, La., improvement------ ------- 1011 Grand Marais, Mich., improvement of harbor of refuge__ ------------- 1424 Grand Marais, Minn.: Examination and survey of harbor --- _-_--------___ ___ ___ 1433 Improvement of harbori-__ _______ _----__-___ _-1396 Grand Rapids, Wabash River, Ind. and Ill.: Operating and care of lock and dam ------------------------- 1382 Removal of lock and dam at-------------------------------- 1378 Grand River, Fairport Harbor, Ohio, improvement .-.------------- - 1642 Grand River, La., improvement ---------------------- -- 1015 Grand River, Mich.: Improvement of Grand Haven Harbor-------------.. 1502 Review of reports ----------------------------------------- 1534 Grants Pass, Ala., improvement of waterway via-------------------- 906 Gravesend Bay to Jamaica Bay, N. Y., waterway, improvement---------- 218 Grays Harbor, Wash.: Examinations and surveys----- 1------------------- -1957,1958 Improvement between Aberdeen and the entrance ----------- 1910 Improvement of entrance------------ --------- 1907 Grays River, Wash., improvement_-- ........ -__- Great Egg Harbor River, N. J., examination and survey ------------- ___ __- 1895 456 Great Kills, Staten Island, N. Y., improvement --------------------- 333 Great Lakes: Channels in waters connecting, improvement-.--------- _____--- 1564 Commercial statistics, Sault Ste. Marie Canals, Mich,------------- 1572 Control and regulation of waters of Niagara River and preservation of Niagara Falls---------- --------------------------- 223.6 Discharge --------- ------------------------------------- 2230 Elevation---------------- -------------------------------- 2230 Examination and survey of Miami and Erie Canal, branch canal to Lake Michigan, and other routes between Lakes Erie and Mich- igan and the Ohio River_--- .......... -------- -___ _ 1378, 1395 .. Review of reports of deeper waterways to Atlantic tidewater---____ 1710 Review of reports on deeper waterway to the Hudson River -------- 1710 Surveys, charts, etc., of northern and northwestern lakes--------- 2224 Water levels__ ------------------------------------------- 2230 Great Miami River, Ohio, examination and survey------------------1378 Great Peedee River, S. C., improvement___------------__--- ----- 678 Great Salt Pond, Block Island, R. I.: Examination and survey----- ----- ------------ _--163 Improvement -- - -- _-__-__-_- -- - - - - -_-116 2280 INDEX Great Sodus Bay, N. Y.: Page Examination and survey of harbor,---------------------_--_- 1709 Improvement of harbor-----------------1685 Great South Bay, N. Y., improvement_------------------ --------- 205 Green Bay Harbor, Wis.: Examinations and surveys -- ------------------------------ 1534 Improvement - ----- -- 1441 Green Jacket Shoal, Providence River, R. I., removal----------------- 102 Green River, Ky.: Improvement --------------------------------------------- 1383 Operating and care of locks and dams_-- -------- - 1388 Greens Bayou, Tex., examination and survey 1125 Greenwich Harbor, Conn., improvement---_____ ------------- 158 Griffin Lake, Fla., waterway to Kissimmee River, examination and survey 8----------------- Grosse Pointe Channel, Lake St. Clair, Mich., improvement--- 1579 Grossetete Bayou, La., improvement____-__-------------------------- 983 Guadalupe River, Calif., examination and survey__-- -- - - 1776 Guadalupe River, Tex.: Examinations and surveys -------------------------- 1125 Improvement to Victoria__------------------------------------1107 Gulfport Harbor, Miss.: Examination and survey ----------------------- ------------ 946 Improvement of channel to Ship Island Harbor ----------------- 928 Gull Lake, Minn., reservoir dam: Construction----------------------------------1204 Operating and care---------------------------------------- 1207 ,Gunnisons Cut, improvement of waterway via-----------------------717 H Hackensack River, N. J., improvement---- ------------------- 314 Hales Bar Lock and Dam, Tennessee River, operating and care-____--- 1296 Halifax River, Fla., improvement of intracoastal waterway, Jackson- ville to Miami, Fla., via---------- ---- ---------------- 76 :Hampton Creek, Va., examination and survey----..._ ----.. '---- 607 Hampton Falls arind Harbor, N. H., examination and survey--------- 92 :Hampton Roads, Va.: Examination and survey of channel to Phoebus, Va--------------- 60 Improvement of approaches to Norfolk Harbor_,,_.498 Hava Harbor, Hawaii, examination and survey------- _._ '-- -1988 Hanna Reef, Ladies Pass, Text: improvement of channel __1070 Hanson Canal, La.: Improvement of intracoastal waterway via -------------------- 994 Operating and care 10i Harbor Beach, Mich., harbor of .refuge, iprovement 160 Harbor Cove, Gloucester, Mass., improvement 0 5__, Harbor Island Harbor, Tex., _improvement--- ------ _---1108 Harbor lines, establishment_ -- ------------- --------------- 2187 Harbors and rivers. See Rivers and Harbors. .Harlem River, N. Y., improvement------------------ -------------- 262 Harlingen, Tex., examination and survey of waterways-----------1125, 1126 Harris County, Houston Ship Channel Navigation District, contribution, of funds for Galveston-Houston Channel, Tex,--- _ -- _ - -- :. 1063 Harvey Canals, La.: Improvement of intracoastal waterway__ 994 Operating and care-----------___ _-1002 Hastings Lock and Dam, Mississippi River, improvement 1188 Hatchie River, Tenn., examination and survey---------------------_ 1188 Hat Slough, Puget Sound, Wash., construction of dike at--------------1916 Havre de Grace, Md., improvement of Susquehanna River at 4655------------ Hawaiian Islands: Examinations and surveys ------------------------------------ 198 Hilo Harbor, improvement___ _ __----1981 Honolulu Harbor, improvement --- _,_---- -1973 Kahului Harbor, improvement- -- -_,------_ 1976 Nawiliwili Harbor, improvement ______-- ---------- 1984 INDEX 2281 Page Hawaii engineering district___------------------------------------- 1973 Hay Lake (Nicolet Lake) Channel, St. Marys River, Mich.: Improvement----------------------------------------- ----- 1564 Improvement of channels in waters connecting Great Lakes-------- 1564 Hay (West) Harbor, Fishers Island, N. Y.: 'Improvement---- -------------------------------------- '10 Review of reports ------------------------------------- 164 te, East River, N. Y., improvement------------------------- 'HGe 245 Hapstead Harbor, N. Y., improvement ____--------- 192 Hendry and Knight Channel, Fla., improvement of Tampa Harbor ------- 807 Hennepin Canal (Illinois and Mississippi Canal), Ill., operating and care_ 1216 Henry Lock and Dam, Illinois River, Ill., operating and care----------- 1265: Herring Bay and Rockhole Creek, Md.: Improvement--- ------------------------------------------- 491 Review of reports-----------------------------------------495 Highways. See Roads. Hillsboro Bay and River, Fla.: Examination and survey - - - - - - -- 889 Improvement-----------------------------------807 Improvement ____ 807 Review of reports - --------------- 841 Hilo Harbor, Hawaii: Examination and survey - _ 1988 Improvement------- -------------------------------------- 98 Hocking River, Ohio, examination and survey1__ 372 Hog Island, Va., to the Great Machipongo Inlet, examination and survey of clannel- -- _------------ - ----- --- ----- 456 Holland Harbor, Mich., improvement 1498 Hollywood Harbor, Fla.: Examination and survey------------ 838 Improvement------------------- ----------------------- 775 Holmes River, Fla., improvement_ -874 Hlonga River, Md., examination and survey - - - __ 494 Honolulu, Hawaii: Engineering district - ---- ----------- 1973 Examination and survey --------- ----- 1988 Improvement of harbor ---- -------------------------------- 1973 Honuapo Harbor, Hawaii, examination and survey,-____ ------- 1988 Hoquarten slough, Tillamook Bay, Oreg., improvement ----- 138 Hoquiam River, Wash., improvement------ --------------------- 1913 Iorn Harbor, Va., improvement -- ---------- 519 Horn Isand Harbor and Pass, Miss., improvement-------------------- 924 Horseshoe Cove, Fla., to Gulf of Mexi'o, e nmination and survey- ---- _ 83 Hospital Point, Norfolk Harbor, Va., removal__-__---- ------ ----- 531 Ite ntoic River, Conn., improvement--_, ----------------------- 143 Houston to Galveston ship channel, Tex.: Examinations and surveys- _ ----- T2__--- Improvement------------------ ---------------------- 1061 ~p~ard Sty, N. C., examination and survey of waterway via_--------- 670 Howards: Bay, Wis., review of reports . " - 1433 Hudson River, N. Y.: Deeper waterway to Great Lakes, review of reports -------------- 1710 Examinations and surveys---------- 312 Improvement above New York------------------------------- 288 Improvement at New York----------__________ 267 Peekskill Harbor, improvement ____-_____________________ 278 Review of reports at Albany_______ ____----- -__- -___ - - -__ 313 Rondout Harbor, improvement_ ____--------------------- 283. Saugerties Harbor, improvement_________------- --- -------------------- 285 Tarrytown Harbor, improvement-- ---------------------------- 276 Troy Lock and Dam, operating and care__________--- -------------- 298 Hueneme Harbor, Calif., examination and survey 1------------------- Humboldt Bay and Harbor, Calif.: Improvement-------- ---------------- 1765 Review of reports on harbor---- .-1777 Huntington Harbor, N. Y.: Examination and survey------- --- - - - - - - - 312 Improvement ------------------- 197 2282 INDE Page Huntington, W. Va., engineering district-------------- - ___ --- 13534 Huron Harbor, Ohio: Examination and survey------------------------------------- 1709 Improvement- - ------------ ------ 1627 Huron Lake: Channels in waters connecting Great Lakes, improvement_---------- 564 Discharge ------------- -------- 2230 Elevation -- -------------------------------------------- 2230 Surveys, charts, etc -- ---------------- ---------------- 2224 Water levels- -------------------------------- 2230 Huron River, Mich., examination and survey ---- _---------------- 1621 Hutchinson River (East Chester Creek), N. Y., improvement------- 177 Hyacinths, water, removal: From Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas waters------ 942, 1018 From Florida waters-- ------------------- --------------- 835,1018. Hydraulic mining in California, regulation and preparation of plans__. 2004 Hydraulics. See Water levels. Hydrology. See Water levels. Hylebos Waterway, Wash., review of reports----------------------- 1958 I Iberia Commercal Canal, La., examination and survey of waterway via 1022 Illinois and Mississippi Canal, Ill.: Examination and survey--- ------------- 1224 Improvement of Mill Creek and South Slough __------- ------- 1221 Operating and care of canal_------------------------------ 1216 Illinois Vier; Ill.: Improvement---- ------------------ 1256 Operating and care of locks and dams --------------------- --- 1265 Operating snag boats and dredge boats-------------------- 1214,1267 Review of reports --- ----------------- 1269 1-----------213, Indiana Harbor, Ind.: Examination and survey of harbor and canal------------ -------- 1563 Improvement ------------------------------------------ 1553 Review of reports--- ------ ------------------------------- 1563 Indian River, Del., examination and survey-------------------------- 456 Indian River, Fla.: Improvement of intracoastal waterway, Jacksonville to Miami, Fla., via----------------------------------------------766 Inland waterways. See Canals and Waterways. Inside routes. See Canals and Waterways. Insular possessions: Honolulu, Hawaii, engineering district_------ __- - -____-____ 1973 Porto Rico engineering district 1------------------ International Association of Congresses of Navigation----------------2176 Interoceanic Canal, survey------ -------- 2177 Intracoastal Waterways. See Canals and Waterways. Irrigatioh, surveys for------- ---------------------------------- 1999 Isle au Haut to Kimballs Island, Me., examination and survey of ,channel-----------------------------------------------------92: Isle of Shoals Harbor, Me. and N. H., improvement _____________ ____ 45 Istokpoga Creek, Fla., improvement of Kissimmee River--------------- 788 J Jfackson River, Fla., improvement of waterway via------------------ 861 Jacksonville, Fla.: Engineering district__ ----------------------------------------- 744 Improvement of intracoastal waterway to Miami, Fla ____________ 766 Improvement of St. Johns River opposite-----------------------744 Review of reports on intracoastal waterway to Miami, Fla 840- Review of reports of St. Johns River to Palatka .-.---------- 841 Jacksonville, N. C., improvement of waterway to Beaufort ---------- - 637 Jamaica Bay, N. Y.: Improvement __,___- - -- -______________- - - _--- 212 Improvement of channel to Gravesend Bay, N. Y --------.. 218 INDEX 2283 Page James Island Creek, S. C., examination and survey--------------------704 iames River, Va.: Examination and survey----------- --------------- 606 ..Improvement -------------------------------------------- 546 reifferson-Shreveport Waterway, La., and Tex., improvement. 1120 Jeffr es Point Channel, Mass., improvement------------------------ 64 Jekyl Creek, Ga., improvement of waterway via--------------- -- 717 Jeremy 'Creek, S. C,1, examination and survey-------------------- -- 704 John Bay, Ala., examination and survey of waterway to Gulf of Mexic, _ 946 J Bayou, La., improvement-_--_,------------------- -------- 1034 sohnson JohnsQi4gCtreek, or River, Conn., improvement---------- -- 146 Jonesport, "Me., improvement of Moosabee .Bar------------------- 27 Jordan River, Miss., improvement____-- _ --------------------- 937 Judith Point, R. I., construction of harbor of refuge 113 ---------------- Juneau, Alaska, engineering district---------- ------------------ 1958 'K ,Kahului Harbor, Hawaii, improvement--------------------------- 1976 Kailua Harbor, Hawaii, examination and survey-------------------- 1988 Kake Harbor, Alaska, examination and survey ------ ------- _-_ 1972 Kalamazoo River, Mich., improvement_- * 1496 IKalihi Harbor, Hawaii, examination and survey ________---------1988 Kampsville Lock and Dam, Illinois River, Ill., operating and care-__-- 1265 Kanawha River, W. Va.: Construction------------------------------- 1361 Examination and survey _____________________-_______- - 1372 Operating and care of locks and dams --------------- 1365 Kansas City, Mo., engineering district ---------------------------- 1231 Kansas River, Kans. and Mo., examination and survey ------------- 1255 askaskia iver, Ill., examination ad survey -------------- 1213 ~i mlapau Harbor, Hawaii, examinatio and survey 88 0--------------- Kaunakakai Harbor, Hawaii, examination and survey i188 Iawaa Harbor, Hawaii, examination and survey ___________-____-_ 1988 Kaw River, Kans. and Mo., examination and survey------------------1255 Keehi Lagoon, Hawaii, examination and survey __ -- -- ______----- 1988 Kehku Straits, Alaska, examination and survey ------------------- 1972 Kennebec River, Me., improvement________________________ 33 Kennebunk River, Me.: Examination and survey at Kennebunkport---------------------- 92 'Improvemen t ___-------------------------------------- 43 Kenosha Harbor, Wis.: Improvement --------------------------------------------- 1487 Review of reports ----------------------------------------- 1534 Kentucky River, Ky.: Examination and survey 1378 Operating and care of locks and dams_________________________ 1373 Keokuk (Des Moines Rapids) Canal and Dry Dock, Mississippi River, operating and care--------------- --------------------------- 1202 Ketchikan Harbor, Alaska, improvement _________-___-- __- ______ 1916 KeWaunee Harbor, Wis., improvement ____------____ ---- __-_____ 1462 Keweenaw Waterway, Mich.: Examination and survey ------------------- ----- 1433 Improvement----- - -------------------- - -1414 Keyport Harbor, N. J., improvement _ ----------------- _---- 339 Keystone Lock Bayou Teche, La., operating and care___________-- - 991 Key West, Fla.: Examination and survey of channel to Miami, Fla _,________,,____ 839 Improvement of harbor at 83 7----------------- Review of reports on harbor ---------------------- 840 Kiamichi River, Okla., improvement --------------------------- -- 1120 Kill Van Kull, N. Y. and N. J.: Examination and survey ---------------------- 353 Improvement of Staten Island-New Jersey Channels-------------- 323 Kimballs Island to Isle-au-Haut, Me., examina~tion and survey of channel__ 92 Kings County, Wash., improvement of Lake Washington Canal by-..... 1934 2284 INDEX Page Kingsley Cut, Fla., improvement of waterway via_----- _----------- 717 Kinnickinnic River, Wis., improvement of Milwaukee Harbor,--_,--- 1478 Kiskiminitas River, Pa., examination and survey1--------------- 1353 Kissimmee River, Fia.: Examination and survey --------- --- - -- 838, 839 Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 788 Knapps Narrows, Md., examination and survey--------------------- 494 Knight and endry Channel, Fla., improvement of Tampa Harbor .... 807 Knobbs Creek, N. C., improvement.------------- - __- ------- -- 586 Kodiak Harbor, Alaska, examination and survey ---------------- -19T Kontenai River, Idaho, examination--.... --------------------------- . L Labatre Bayou, Ala.: Examination Examination and and survey __946 survey-------------------------------------946 Improvement ----------------- -------------------------- 922 LaCarpe Bayou, La., examination and-purvey---------.. --..-- - 1023 Lacombe Bayou, La., review of reports-_____------- .....------ 1023 .LaConner, Wash, improvement of Swinomish Slough---.-,-------- 1948 Lafayette River, Va., examination and survey------- ---.----- 607 Lafourche Bayou, La.: Examination and survey---. -- 1022 Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 976 La Grange Bayou, Fla., improvement.----- ------------- 872 La Grange Lock and Dam, Illinois River, Ill., operating and care ----- 1265 iguna Madre, examination and survey of waterway via_------------, 1126 .alhaina Harbor, Hawaii, examination and survey------------------- 1988 Lake Champlain, N. Y. and Vt.: Burlington Harbor, Vt., improvement-- ------------------------ 303 Narrows, improvement-- ------------------------------------ 300 Plattsburgh Harbor, N. Y., improvement ....--------- 306 Port Henry Harbor, N. Y., improvement.........------------------------- 306 Surveys and charting.----------------------------------- -- 2224 bpke Charles Deep Water Channel, La., examintion and survey---------. 1022 ahke City Harbor, Minn., survey--------------------------------- 1231 14ae Mabel, Fla., improvement of Hollywood Harbor ----------- IMake of the Woods, Minn.: 775 Regulation of levels ---------------------------------------- 2240 Surveys and charting-------------- ------------------- 2224 Lake Memphremagog, investigation of levels by International Board,__, 2236 Lake Pontchartrain, La., improvement----------------------------- 962 Lake River, Wash.: Improvement-- ------------------------------------------ 1885 Review of reports ----------------------------------------- 1902 Lakes, Great: : Channels in waters connecting, improvement --------------- -1564 Commercial statistics, Sault Ste. Marie Canal, Mich_-------------- 1572 Control or regulation of waters of Niagara River and preservation of Niagara Falls ------------ -------------------------- 2236 Discharge-- -------------- ------------------------------- 2230 Elevation ------------------------------------- ---------- 2230 Examination and survey of Miami and Erie Canal, branch canal to Lake Michigan and other routes between Lake Erie and Ohio River ------------------------------------------------- 1378 Review of reports on deeper waterway to Atlantic tidewaters------ 1710 Review of reports on deeper waterway to Hudson River______ __-_ 1710 Survey, charts, etc---------------------------------------- 2224 Water levels---------------- ------------------------------ 2230 Lake survey------------------------------------------ 2224 Lake Washington Ship Canal, Wash.: Examination and survey--------------------------------- ---- 1957 Improvement of waterway to Puget Sound -------------------- 1934 Operating and care of waterway to Puget Sound------- -- - 1939 Lake Washington, Miss., improvement-------- -------------------- 1157 Lake Worth, Fla., improvement of intracoastal waterway, Jacksonville to Miami, Fla., via _-_-_____-_----------------- --- 766 Lake Worth Inlet, Fla., examination and survey.--------- --. -- 839 INDEX 2285 Page La Lanche Bay, Ala., improvement of intracoastal waterway via----. - -888 Laloutre Bayou, La., examination and survey - 1022 L'Anguille River, Ark., improvement ------------------- -------- 1177 Latham Slough, Calif., examination and survey ----- ---------------- 1803 Lavaca Bay, Tex., improvement of channel from Pass Cavallo to Port Lavaca---------------------------------------------------- 1105 Le Claire Canal, Iowa, operating and care ------------------------ 1202 Leech Lake Reservoir, Minn.: Construction------------------ ------------------------- 1204 Operating and care- ----------------------------------- 1207 Leech River, Minn., improvement, including upper Mississippi River__.. 1204 Lee Slough, Apalachicola River, Fla., improvement- ---------------- 849 Leipsic River, Del., improvement .--------- --- ---- 435 Leland Harbor, Mich., examination and purvey__ --------------- __ 1534 Levels, water, See Water levels. Levisa Fork, Big Sandy River, Ky.: Examination and survey ---------- ----------------------- 1372 Improvement--------------------------------- 1367 Operating and care of locks and dams -_--- __--- ____- 1370 Lewis River, Wash.: Examination and survey____________------ ----- _--- -1902 Improvement------------- -------- ---------------------- 1886 Lighthouse Bay, N. C., examination and survey of channel to North River via Back Sound--------------- ----- -------------------- 670 Limestone Creek, N. C., examination and survey-------------------- 70 Little Annemessex River, Md., improvement of Crisfield Harbor-,----.. 484 Little Caillou Bayou, La., improvement------ ,. ---------- 977 Little Calumet River, Ill. and Ind., improvement --------------- 1548 Little Elk River, Md., improvement ----- _-- 467 Little Kanawha River, W. Va.: Examination and survey------- ------_ -------------------- 1372 Operating and care of locks and dams- ___-----------------------1358 Little Lake Santa Fe, to Lake Alto and thence to Waldo, Fla., canal, review of reports -______-____________- - 840 Little Machipongo River, Va: Examination and survey ------------------------------ 455 Improvement --------------- ---- 451 Little Mud River, Ga., improvement of waterway via-- ------ 7--- 717 Little Narragansett Bay, R. I. and Conn., improvement --------------- 117 Little Peedee and Lumber Rivers, S. C., examination_____----- -- 704 Little Pigeon and French Broad Rivers, Tenn., improvement---...-- . 1303 'Little River, Del.: Improvement-------- ------------------------------------ 436 Review of reports------------------------------ -- 457 Little River, N. Y., improvement of Waddington Harbor----------- 1706 Little River, Okla., examination with a view to control of the floods___. 1188 Little River, S. C., improvement of waterway via--------------------643 Little Sarasota Bay, Fla., improvement-----------------------------802 Little Sodus Bay, N. Y., improvement of harbor__________--_______ 1688 Livingstone Channel, Detroit River, Mich., improvement ___________ 1583 Log booms, permits for construction ________ __________- ______ 2187 Long Beach Harbor, Calif.: Improvement of channel to Los Angeles Harbor ----------------- 1715 Review of reports of harbor --------------------------------- 1725 Lookout Cape, N. C., improvement of harbor of refuge_- -- __________ 649 Lorain Harbor, Ohio: Examination and survey----------------- ----------- --- 1709 Improvement-_----------------------- 1633 Los Angeles, Calif. : Engineering district _------------------------------- ----- 1710 Examination and survey of harbor__________-__ 1725 Improvement of harbor- - -- -- ------------- 1715 Review of reports----- ------------------ ---------- 1725 Louisiana and Texas intracoastal waterway: Examination and survey from Corpus Christi to the Rio Grande Valley- --- -- _ _..... _- -- ----- - 1126 Improvement, Mississippi River to Corpus Christi_____ - -_ 994, 1036 INDEX Page Louisiana, State of, removal of water hyacinths from,-------------- 1018 Louisville and Portland Canal, Ky.: Enlargement---------------- ---- -------------------------- 1309 Operating and care--------------------------------------- 1321 Louisville, Ky., engineering district-____...... _1378 Lower Chipola River, Fla., improvement----------------- 849 Luidington Harbor, Mich., improvement------- 1514 Lumber and Little Peedee Rivers, S. C., examination_,-----------------704 Lynches River, S. C., examinatibn -__--__.- -------------- -704 Lynn Harbor, Mass.: Improvement ------------ ----------------------------------- 57 Review of reports----- -------------------------------------- 92 M Mabel Bay and Lake, Fla.: Examination and survey of waterway to Caloosahatchee River------ 839 Improvement of Hollywood Harbor----------------------- ------ 775 Machipongo (Great) Inlet to Hog Island, Va., examination and survey of channel------------------------------------------ 456 Machipongo (Little River, Va.: Examination and survey- - __-------------------- 455 Improvement 41-------------- McClellanville, S. C., improvement of waterway to Charleston-----------681 Mackay Creek, N. C., improyement------------ ------------------- 602 Mackinac Island, Mich., examination and survey of harbor ---------- 1621 Mackinac Harbor, Mich., improvement___ -- -- ----------- 1589 MaCon Bayou, La., improvement---- ------------ --- 1138 Mahoning River, Pa. and Ohio, examination and survey--------------- 1353 Main ship channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement _______--- 222 Malden River, Mass., improvement-_.-------- -------------- 63 Mamaroneck Harbor, N. Y., improvement_- - ______----------169 Manasquan Inlet and River, N. J., improvement____----------- 348 Manatee River, Fla.: Examination and survey- -__ - - 8---------------- 838 Improvement--- -------------------- 805 Manchac Bayou, La.: Examination and survey of waterway via --------------------- 1022 Improvement--- ------------------------------------------ 971 Manchac Pass, La.: Examination and survey of waterway via- ________-___------ 1022 Improvement-------------------------------------------- 970 Manhasset Bay., N. Y., improvement------------------- ----------- 191 Manistee Harbor and River, Mich., improvement--------------------- 1517 Examination and survey of harbor__---------------------- 1534 Improvement --------------------- 1517 1------------------ Review of reports-----------------------------------------1534 Manistique Harbor, Mich., improvement---------------------------1434 Manitowoc Harbor, Wis.: Examination and survey ______- __- __----- --- 1534 Improvement----------------------------------------------1469 Manteo Bay, N. C., improvement______----------------- ----------------- 600 Mantua Creek, N. J., improvement____ _________-- ___ - 391 Maps and charts, northern and northwestern lakes___-- ------------- 2224 Mare Island Strait, Calif., improvement ---------------------------- 1747 Marion Harbor, Mass., examination and survey---------------------- 163 Marquette Bay and Harbor, Mich.: Construction of harbor of refuge in bay ___________ 1419 Examination and survey_____-------___ _--_------- 1433 Improvement of harbor---------------- 1------- 1421 Matagorda Bay, Tex., examination and survey of channel via------___ 1126 Matanzas River, Fla., improvement of intracoastal waterway, Jackson- ville to Miami, Fla., via------------------------------------- 766 Matawan Creek, N. J.: Improvement ----------------------------------------- ___ 342 Improvement of Keyport Harbor-- ---- 339 _....---- INDEX . 2287 Page- Mattaponi River, Va., improvement- .....--- ------------------ 523 Mattituck Harbor, N. Y., improvement-- .. - -- ---------------- 203. Maumee Bay and River, Ohio: Examination and survey of river_____ __------------------- 1621 Examination and survey of waterway via--- -------------------- 1395. Improvement of Toledo Harbor___------------------------ 1613. Maurapas Lake, La., examination and survey of waterway via---------1022, Maurice River, N. J.: Examination and survey---- ------------------ 456, Imhprovem nt ------------------------ ---- 404 Mayaguez Harbor, P. R., examination and survey 9990 1------------------ Mayfleld Creek, Ky., examination--- ---------------------------- 1188 Maynes Point to Deals Island, Md., Upper Thoroughfare, examination and survey of channel from 94 4----------------- Meherrin River, N. C., improvement--------- --- ------------------- 588. Memphis Harbor, Tenn., improvement by Mississippi River Commission_ 2021 Memphis, Tenn., engineering district___------- _______-----------1162r Memphremagog Lake, Vt., operations of International Board for Inves- tigation of Levels_------------- ----- 2235 Menominee Harbor and River, Mich. and Wis., improvement---------- 1437 Menominee River, Wis., improvement of Milwaukee inner harbor___-- __ 1478 Mermentau River, La.: Improvement, including tribuitaries --------------------------- 1011 Improvement of intracoastal waterway_ ------------------------ 994 Improvement of waterway to Sabine River _________ ___---- 994 Merrimack River, N. H. and Mass., examination and survey --------- 92, Miami and Erie Canal, Ohio, examination and survey ____________ _ 1378 Miami (Great) River, Ohio, examination and survey 378: _ 1____________ Miami Harbor and River, Fla.: Examinations and surveys __________ ______------ 839 Improvement of harbor-------------------------------------776 Improvement of intracoastal waterway to Jacksonville, Fla .----- - 76g. Improvement of river---- --------------------------------- 782 Review of reports----- ------------------------------------- 840, Michigan City Harbor, Ind.:. Examination and survey ----------- ----------- 1_____---- 1563: Improvement 1558 Review of reports------------------------------------------ 1564 Michigan Lake: Canal to Sturgeon Bay, improvement ________-------_ 1455. Channels in waters connecting Great Lakes, improvement --------- 1564. Discharge ------------------------------------------------ 2230. Elevation ----------------------- ------------------------ 2230 Examination and survey of waterways to Ohio River --------- 1378,1395. Examination and survey of waterway to Mississippi River_________ 1534- Illinois and Mississippi Canal, operating and care_____________ 1216. Surveys, charts, etc -------- ----------------------------- 2224- Water levels --------------------------------------------- 2230 Middle Neebish Channel, St. Marys River, Mich., improvement----------1564- Middle River, Calif. : Examination and survey- ---------------------- 1-------- 1803. Improvement ____,____--------------------- -- 1801 Milford Harbor, Conn., improvement ------------------------------- 142 Mill Creek and South Slough, Ill.: Improvement -------------------------------------- ------- 1221 Review of report---------------------------------- 1224: Mill Creek or River, Conn.: Improvement of New Haven Harbor----_______________ __________ 137 Improvement of Southport Harbor------------------------------- 150. Improvement of Stamford Harbor____________-------------- -_ 155. Mill Creek, N. C., examination and survey-------------------------- 670 Milton Harbor, N. Y., review of reports_______ -- ___-- - ----- ___ 31 Milwaukee, Wis.: Engineering district_____ _------------1434- Examination and survey --------------------------------- 1534 Improvement of inner and outer harbors----- -1478 11714-30--ENG 1930---144 Page bMinim Creek-Estherville Canal, S. C., improvement-------------------- 681 Mining, hydraulic, in California---------------------------------- 2004 Minneapolis Harbdr, Minn., review of reorts--- --------------- 1231 Minnesota River, Minn.: Examination and survey -------------- 1231 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 228 Operating snag and dredge boats-------------- --------------- 1214 Miscellaneous civil works: Appropriations -------- ----------. 2182 Duties---------------------------------- 2181 Estimates for_------------------------------------------ 2183 Bpedituisres ------- ---------- 21882-------------- General statement regarding- 7-------------- Mispillion River, Del., improvement -------------------------------- 443 Mississippi River: Electrical power development between St. Paul and Minneapolis .. 1204 Examinations and surveys- Brainerd to Minneapolis, Minn---___--- ____---- ----------- 1231 Hamilton, Ill., in vicinity of------------------------------1224 Head of Passes to headwaters (Mississippi River Commission) 2021 Illinois & Mississippi Canal----------------------- 1224 Minneapolis, Minn., in vicinity of -------------------- 1231 Missouri River to Minneapolis, Minn----------------,----- -1208 New Orleans, La., to Apalachicola River, Fla., waterway------ 1023 South Pass ------------------------- 958 Waterway from Colona, Ill., to Moline pool- -1224 Waterway to Cumberland Sound, Ga 743 Waterway to Lake Michigan 1------------------- Flood control- Emergency work on tributaries --------------- 2034 Investigations -------------------------------------------- 5 Gaging, including tributaries, at or near St. Paul, Minn ----------- 1225 Improvements-- Baton Rouge to New Orleans, La------__- 960 Cubits Gap to Head of Passes 947 Hastings lock and dam ---------------- ..------------------ 1188 Head of Passes to Ohio River (Mississippi River Commission)__ Leech and Mississippi Rivers_ ---------- .-------- ___ 1204 '2021 Memphis Harbor, Miss. (Mississippi River Commission) -_----- 2021 Minneapolis to mouth of Wisconsin River--------------------1188 Missouri River to Illinois River_----- -------------- 1188 Missouri River to Ohio River_______------------- -------- 1188 New Orleans, La., to Corpus Christi, Tex., intracoastal water- way -------------- ----------------------------- 994, 1036 Ohio River to Minneapolis, Minn------- -------------------- 1188 Passes- Head of, to Ohio River ___ -______ - ___-_______ - 2021 South Pass,------------------------------------------ 954 Southwest Pass, including shoals between Cubits Gap and Head of Passes, and dredging construction -___________ 947 Reservoir dams at headwaters_---- -____- ---- __ - -_____-_ 1204 Sabine River, waterway to-- __- _____________-________--994 Waterway to intracoastal waterway via Bayou Manchac------- 1022 Wisconsin River to Illinois River____________________ ___ - 1188 Levees, Head of Passes to Cape Girardeau, Mo- -___________ ___ 2021 Operating and care- Illinois and Mississippi Canal---------------------------- 1216 Keokuk Lock and Dry Dock------------------------------ 1202 Le Claire Canal, Iowa__ ______________________-_______ 1202 Locks and dams above Cairo -- -- 1_____________ Moline, Ill., lock and dam at__ --------. __-__ Reservoir dams at headwaters---------------------------- 1207 __-___ _- 1202 Snag and dredge boats above Missouri River--- 1214, 1267 Snag boats below Missouri River__ __-----_- -_ 1209 Twin City Lock and Dam-_ ----- __-----___-- _ 1202 .Nex 2289 Mississippi River-Continued. Review of reports- Page Illinois and Mississippi Rivers --------------------------- 1213 Minneapolis Harbor, Minn ------------------------------ 1231 Outlet to deep water in Gulf of Mexico--------------------1023 Towboats, experimental, for use on _____----------------- __ 2178 .Mississippi River Commission: Flood protection by------------ ---------------- 2021 Improvement of Mississippi River by ------------------------ 2021 Mississippi Sound, Miss., and Ala.: Examination and survey of waterway to New Orleans Industrial Canal----------------------------- -------- -------- 1022 Gulfport Ship Island Channel and Ship Island Pass, improvement__, 928 Horn Island Harbor, improvement---------------------------- 924 Horn Island Pass, Miss., improvement------------------------- 924 Improvement of channel to Mobile Bay -------------------- 906 Mississippi, State of, removal of water hyacinths from waters of- --- - 1018 Missouri River: Examinations and surveys -------------------------------- 1255 Improvement- At Niobrara, Nebr., and Yankton, S. Dak., flood control-------- 1246 Contributions from private agencies for-------------------- 1234 General ---------------------------------------------- 1232 Kansas City to mouth______ 1233 Kansas City to Sioux City------------------------------- 1239 St. Charles to the mouth------- 1232 Sioux City to Fort Benton 12----43---------- 1243 Mobile, Ala., engineering district--------------------- 901 Mobile Bay and Harbor, Ala.: Examination and survey of intracoastal waterway from, to New Orleans ----- ----------------------------------------- 1023 Improvement of channel to Mississippi Sound___ -------------- - 906 Improvement of harbor and bar _-------- 901 Improvement of intracoastal waterway to New Orleans, La--------- 909 Improvement of intracoastal waterway to Pensacola Bay, Fla-------- 888 Review of reports on harbor _____- - 946 Mobile River, Ala.: Examination and survey------ _..____ --------------- - 946 Removing the water hyacinths in river and tributaries-------------- 942 Mokelumne River, Calif., improvement ------------------------------ 1789 Moline Harbor, Ill.: Improvement of Mississippi River between Wisconsin River and Illinois River _____--------_ _ 1188 Operating and care of lock ______ -____-----__-_ Monhegan Harbor, Me., examination and survey-----------------------92 _ 1202 Monongahela River, W. Va. and Pa.: Improvement------------------ 1332 Operating and care of locks and dams----------- -------------- 1337 Survey with a view to control of the floods_ ----------- 1353 Monroe Bay and Creek, Va., improvement- -------------- ------- 508 Monroe Harbor, Mich.: Improvement -__- ------------- -1611 Review of reports----------- -------------- 1621 Monroe Lake, St. Johns River, Fla., improvement ------------------- 755 Monterey Harbor, Calif.: Improvement ------------------------------- 1763 Review of reports----------- ----------------------------- 1776 Montesano, Wash., improvement of Chehalis River at---_----- 1910 Montgomery, Ala., engineering district----------8------------------- 41 Monument and wharf at Wakefield, Va., birthplace of George Washington- 2222 Moosabec Bar, Jonesport, Me., improvement-- - 27 Morehead City Harbor, N. C., improvement--- ..... --- __ ---____- 644 Mormon Channel, San Joaquin River, Calif.: Examination and survey ------------------------------------ 1803 Improvement ___-_--------------_-------1786 SMorris Cove, New Haven Harbor, Conn., improvement- ..... - - 137 2290 INDEX Page Morristown Harbor, N. Y., improvement_ --------- ----------------- 1701 Morro Bay, Calif., review of reports--------------- ------------- 1726 Mosquito Creek, Va., examination and survey------------------------ 530 Mosquito Inlet, Fla., review of reports ______-------------------- 841 Mosquito Lagoon, Fla., improvement of intracoastal waterway, Jackson- ville to Miami, Fla., via-----_ ------------- ___ 766 Mount Desert Island, Bar Harbor, Me., construction of breakwater-____ 28 Mount Desert Narrows, Me., examination and survey between Western Bay and Eastern Bay----------------------------------------- 92 Mount .Iope Bay, Mass., improvement ----- ------------------------ 102 Mouse River, N. Dak., examination---------------------- --------- 1231 Moussam River, Me., examination and survey at Kennebunkport ------ - 92' Mud Creek, Ky., examination_ _____--___-- _ --------------------- 1395 Mud Lake, Mermentau River, La., improvement_________--------- 1011 Mud River, Ga., improvement of waterway via_-__-- ------- 717 Mud River, Ky., examination and survey--------- 1395 Mud River, S. C., improvement of waterway via - _____-- -- __---717 Mulberry Creek, Va., improvement --------------------------------- 515 Multnomah Channel, Oreg., examination and survey------------------ 1902 Murderkill River, Del.: Improvement --------------------------------------------- 440 Review of reports------- ------------------------------------ 456 Muscle Shoals, Tennessee River, Ala.: Dam No. 2 (Wilson Dam), improvement and maintenance, including hydroelectric development --- -------------------------- 1282, 1301 Operating and care of canal__-- ---- ----- ----- 129a Operating and care of Lock and Dam No. 2 (Wilson Dam)---------- 1296 Muskegon Harbor and River, Mich., improvement ____- -- ___-----1507 Muskingum River, Ohio, operating and care of locks and dams---------- 1354 Mystic River, Conn., improvement________________ ________ 120, Mystic River, Mass.: Examination ° and survey -------------------------------------- 92 _ _ luniivemeit ------- ------------------ 60 N Nagai Island, Alaska, examinat:on and survey of Wedge Cape-----------1972 Nandua Creek, Va.: Examination and survey_ __--__-- -________ ______---- - 606 Improvement ---------------------------- ------------------ 565 Nansemond River, Va., improvement__ ---- ---------- 559 Nantasket Beach Channel, Mass., improvement_- - -__ -_____---- 64 Nantucket Harbor and Sound, Mass.: Construct on of harbor of refuge---------- -------------- - 96 Examination and survey of harbor___-----------------------------163 Improvement of- Cross Rip Shoals ------------------------------------ 98 Pollock Rip Channel__ 93 Napa River, Calif: Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 1756 Review of reports___ -1777 Narragansett Bay, R. I., improvement __________________ _____ __ 107 Narrows of Lake Champlain, N. Y. and Vt., improvement------_____- ___ 300 Nasel R:ver, Wash., improvement-___ 1903 Nashville, Tenn., engineering district ---- ------------------------- 1270 Nassau Sound, improvement of waterway via__-______ _______ - 717 Natalbany River, La., improvement -------------------------------- 970 Navesink (North Branch of Shrewsbury) River, N. J., improvement-_-- 345. Navigable waters. See Bridges; Rivers and harbors; Wrecks; and Regu- lations. Navigation, Congresses of, Permanent International Association--------- 2176 Navigation, surveys for ---------------------------------------- 1999 Nawiliwili Harbor, Hawaii, improvement_ 1984 Neah Bay, Wash., examination and survey- ---------- -__1957 Neales Creek, lMId., examination and survey,_- -------- - 530 INDEX 2291 Neches River, Tex.: Page Examination and survey of Sabine-Neches waterway, Tex-- ------- 1126 Improvement of Sabine-Neches Canal___-- _____--____-_______ 1024 Review of reports on Port Arthur Canal, Tex., and waterway 1127 ------ Neebish Channels, St. Marys River, Mich., improvement---------------1564 Nehalem River, Oreg., bar and entrance, examination and survey-------- 1902 Nemadji River, Wis., improvement of Duluth-Superior Harbor--------- 1401 Neponset River, Mass., improvement_________------------------72 Neuse River, N. C.: Examination and survey _______________------------670 Improvement ------------ ---------------------------------- 619 Newagen Harbor, Me., examination and survey----------------------- 92 Newark Bay, N. J.: Examination and survey___ --- __--- - ------------- 353 Improvement--------------------- 314, 323 Review of reports ------------------------------------------ 354 New Bedford Harbor, Mass.: Examination and survey of harbor and approaches thereto----------163 Improvement---- ----------------------------------------- 100 Newburyport Harbor, Mass., improvement-------------------------- 48 New Hampshire coast, examination and survey between Rye Beach and Fox Head Point--------------------------------------------- 92 New Haven Harbor, Conn.: Construction of breakwaters 42 1----------------- Examination and survey__--- 1_______-----_ 163 Improvement by dredging, etc----- e --------------- 1,37 New Jersey and New York Channels: Examination and survey--- ------ ---------------------------- - 353 Improvement...------------------- --------------------- 323. Review of reports ------------------------------------------ 353 New Jersey-Staten Island Channels, N. Y. and N. J., improvement-- __- 323 New London Harbor, Conn.: Examination and survey------------------------------------- 63 Improvement---------------- 121 Review of reports--- ------------------------------------ 163 New Orleans, La.: Engineering district----------- ---------------------------- 946 Examination and survey of waterway to the Apalachicola River, Fla_ 1023 Examination and survey of. waterway from Industrial Canal to Mississippi Sound----------- -------------- --------- 1022 Examination and survey of waterway to Mobile Bay, AlaAAAAAAAAA 1023 Improvement of intracoastal waterway in Louisiana and Texas, ex- tending to Corpus Christi, Tex__------------------------- 994, 1036 Improvement of intracoastal waterway to New Orleans, La-------- 909 Newport Bay, Calif., examination and survey------------------- ---- 1725 Newport Harbor, R. I., improvement --------------- ________ _ 106 Newport News, Va., improvement of channels to--------------------- 542 Newport River, N. C.: Examination and .survey ------ ------ ----.--- 0670 Improvement of waterways between-,Beatifort and New River 37 6--------- Newport (South) River, Ga., examination and survy ----- 7______- 742 .New River, Fla.: Examination and survey------------------------------------- 839 Improvement of intracoastal waterway, Jacksonville to Miami, Fla., via--------------------------------------- ------------- 766 New River, N. C.: Examination and survey----__------------------------ __ 670 Improvement -------------------------------------------- 637 Improvement of waterways to Swansboro and Beaufort_ _____-__ 637 New Rochelle Harbor, N. Y.: Examination and survey------------------------------------312 Improvement ------- --------------------------------------- 175 Newtown Creek, N. Y.: Improvement _----------- ---------- . - 257 Review of reports ---- --- ----------------------- 312 New Whatcom (Bellingham) Harbor, Wash., improvement of Whatcom Creek waterway ------------------------- - -1953 2292 INEX New York and New Jersey Channels: Page Examination and survey ----------------------------------- 353 Improvement ----------- --- ------------ -------- 323 Review of reports----- ------------------------------------- 353 New York Bay and Harbor, N. Y.: Ambrose Channel, improvement_---------------------------- 222 Anchorage Channel- Improvement --------------- -------------------- ------------- 222 Review of reports------------------------------------- 312 Arthur Kill, improvement----------------------------------- 323 Battery, the removal of shoal in Hudson River off Pier A----------- 267 Bay Ridge Channel- Improvement --- --------------------------------- ---- 234 Review of reports--- ---------------------- .313 Bayside Channel, improvement-___-222 Bronx River, improvement------_ ---------------------- 184 Buttermilk Channel, improvement-----------------------238 Channel, Staten Island-Hoffman and Swinburne Islands-----------222 Coenties Reef, removal--_ --------- 245 Coney Island Channel, improvement ------------- 231 Constable Hook to-Ellis Island,: examination and survey---------- 353 Craven Shoal, improvement- -- ----------- -------------------- 22 Drift, collection and removal. ----------------------------- 74, 2191 East (Ambrose) .Channel, improvement--------------------- --- 222 East Chester Creek-- Examination and survey 312 Imprvement-- ---------------- ---------------- 177 Review of reports--------------------------------- --- 312 East River, improvement, including Coenties Reef 245 Examinations and surveys -- ------------ 312. 353 Flushing Bay-- Improvement---------188 Review of reports-- ---------------------------- 313 Gedney Channel, improvement- -------------- 222 Gowanus Creek -Channel, improvement -------- 2----------- 242 Great Kills, Staten Island, improvement-------------------______ -333 Harlem River, improvement- -------------------------- 2------ Hell Gate, East River, improvement_- 245 Hudson River Channel- Examination and survey------------------------------ -- 312 Improvement- - - -67 2----------------- Hutchinson River (East Chester Creek), improvement 177 Intracoastal waterway to Delaware River- Examination. and surey -------- -- 353 Review of reports --------- 54 ill Vanrr Kull, improvement------ ------------------------- 323 Main Ship Channel, improvement ------------------------------ 22 Narrows to the sea, improvement- ----------- __ - 222 New Jersey-Staten Island Channels, impriovement ----- - 323 Newtown Creek, N. Y., improvement___ 257 North (Hudson) River, improvement___- -- --- -. - -288 Oil pollution, New York Harbor -_- ---- 2195 Red .ook Channel- Improvement_ ___ -_ -234 Review of reports__- - -- - ----- 313 Shooters Island Channel, improvement 323 Spuyten Duyvil Creek, improvement--------------------------262 Staten Island-Hoffman Island-Swinburne Island Channel---------- 222 Staten Isla, d-New Jersey Channels, improvement 323 Staten Island Sound, improvement. --- 323 Supervision, to prevent destructive or injurious depoits --------- 2188 New York engineering districts: ....------ First--- - __-________ - ___ -164 Second_- - - -- ____ - -- ____ - -- --- --- 313 New York State Canal, surveys and charting of natural navigable waters__ --- -- __ ------------ 2224 INDEX 2293 Nezpique Bayou, La.: Page Improvement--------------------------- .- -- 1011 Review of reports---- ------------------------- ----------- 1023 Niagara Control Board, operations of----------------------------- 2236 Niagara Falls : Operations of Niagara Control Board to measure and supervise diversions of water_____--- __------ --------------- -------- 2236 Preservation- of Falls and permits for water-power diversions___. 2236 S pevision :.for the .Federal Power Commission--__------------ 2238 Supervision of power companies_ ----------------------------- 2237 Niagara River, N. Y. Black Rock Channel and Tonawanda Harbor, improvement-----_- 1668 Buffalo Harfor, improvement --------- 1660 Control and regulation of water of, and preservation of the Falls .... 2236 Examination and survey ----------------------- 1709 Imprpvemnent_______-- ----------- 1676 Supervision of power companies at the Falls________------------- 2238 Surveys, etc _...__-- __--_ ._-- 2224 Nicaraguan Canal, survey _ -------- --- 2177 Nicolet Lake (Hay Lake) Channel, St. Marys River, Mich., improvements_ 1564 Nitrate plants, Muscle Shoals, Tennessee River-___---- ---- 1296 Nolin River, Ky.: Examination and survey_-_ 1395 Improvement__, -------------------- _ --- 1384 Nome Harbor, Alaska: Examination and survey--- -------------- -- 1972 Improvement _---- __ ----- ----------------------- 1959 Nonconnah River, Tenn., examination and survey--------------------1188 Nooksack River, Wash.: Examinations and survey------------_____------- 1957, 19[8 Improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries - 191 Norfolk Harbor, Va.: Examinations and surveys --------------------- 607 General improvement, including main channel of Elizabeth River and portions of Southern, Eastern, and Western Branches_ 5- Improvement of channels to Newport News __________-_----------42 Improvement of Scotts Creek, Va-----_____-- _--- ------------- 531 Improvement of Thimble Shoal_-- --------- -------------- 5------40 Improvement of waterway to Beaufort Inlet_- --------- 5-- 7 Improvement of waterway to sounds of North Carolina (to Pamlico Sound) via Pasquotank River______________--------------.- 5$8 Operating and care of waterways to Beaufort Inlet, N. C--------- 580 Review of reports, waterway to-Beaufort Inlet, N. C_607 Norfolk, Va., engineering district- -------------- ---- :-- 531 North Carolina Cut, N. C., improvement of waterways via______---- 572 North Carolina sounds: Examination and survey of waterway to Norfolk, Va-------- 607 6--- Improvemertof waterway to Norfolk; Va--------------------_ - 568 Northeast River, N. C.: Examination and survey _-- 670 Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 660 North Edisto River, S. C., improvement of waterway via --------------- 700 Northern and northwestern lakes: Channels in waters connecting Great Lakes, improvement --------- _ 1564 Commercial statistics, Sault Ste. Marie Canals, Mich_--....---.. 1572 Control and regulation of waters of Niagara River and preservation of Niagara Falls----- ----------------------------------- 2236 Discharge----------------- ------------------------------- 2230 Elevation------------------------------------------------ 2230 Surveys, charts, etc------------------------ 2224 Water levels- ---------------------------------------------- 2230 North Fork, Canadian River, Tex. and Okla., examination with a view to control of the floods _------------------------- - 1188 -__ North Landing River, Va. and N. C., improvement of waterway via___ 572 North River, Fla., improvement of intracoastal waterway, Jacksonville to Miami, via- ...... _- _-____-_--__-_-_-_-___ _- 766 2294 INDEX North River, N. C.: Page Examination and survey----- -------------------------------- 670 Examination and survey of channel to Lighthouse Bay, N. C., via Back Sound------------------------------------------------------- 670 Improvement of waterway via .------------------------------- 572 -North (Hudson) River, N. Y., improvement _ _-------------_-_________ 288 -North River, Wash., improvement___------------------------------ 1903 Norwalk Harbor, Conn., improvement___________----------------- _ 153 Norwich Harbor, Conn., improvement of Thames River____-----_ Noyo River, Calif.: - 124 Improvement---------__ ---------------------------------- 1772 Review of reports--- -- ----------------------------------- 1776 0 "Oak Bay to Port Townsend Bay, Wash., waterway, improvement------ -- 1919 ~akland Harbor, Calif.: Improvement------ ---------------------------------------- 1734 Review of reports------- ---------------------------------- 1776 'Occohannock Creek, Va.: Examination and survey-- -------------- 6---------- 606 Improvement----------------------------------------------- 567 OOccoquan Creek, Va., improvement__ 506 Ocean City Harbor and Inlet, Md., examination and survey--- 456 -Ocmulgee River, Ga.: Examinations and surveys__-- 7----------------------- 742, 743 Improvement------- ------------------- 724 'Oconee River, Ga.: Examination and survey--- --------------------------------- 742 Improvement --------------------------- 724 ,Oconto Harbor, Wis., examination and survey---------------------- 1534 Ocracoke Inlet and Island, N. C.: Examination and survey of channel from Core Sound to Inlet------- 670 Improvement of Silver Lake Harbor__...------------- -- 618 'Offatts Bayou, Tex., examination and survey 1126 Ogdensburg Harbor, N. Y.: Examination and survey------------------------------- 1709 Improvement------ ---------------------------------------- 1703 ,Ogeechee River, Ga., examination and survey ---------------- -- 742 'Ogunquit Harber, Me., examination and surve------------------------ 92 'Ohio River: Dashields Dam, Pa.-- Construction ..---------------- ------------------------ --- 1309 Operating and care--..........--------------------------- -------- 1321 :Emsworth Dam, Pa., operating and care----- -------------- 1321 Examinations and surveys of waterways to Lakes Erie and Michigan---------....------------------ --------------- 1378,1395 Examination and survey of Miami and Erie Canal, etc 1378 ...---------- :Examinations and surveys at other localities--------------------- 1378 Falls at Louisville, Ky., improvement at ------------------- 1309 -General improvement (open-channel work) -__- _____ 1325 -Ice piers------------ ------------------------------------- 1325 Locks and dams, construction__--------- ___1308 Locks and dams, operating and care--------------------------- 1321 Louisville and Portland Canal, Ky., enlargement- - __ 1309 Louisville and Portland Canal, Ky., operating and care____ -____ 1321 Snag boats, operationn ----------------------------- -1330 Surveys- ------ ___-- 1309 Oil pollution----- -- --------------------------------------- 2195 Okeechobee Lake drainage area: Examination and survey of lake------______--------___ __ 839 Improvement------ --------------------------------------- 790 Review of reports---- -------------------------------------- 840 Oklawaha River, Fla.: Examination and survey ----- -- -838 Improvement-- --------------- -- 760 Operating and care of lock and dam at Moss Bluff, Fla----------- 765 INDEX 2295 Olcott Harbor, N. Y.: Page Examination and survey------------------------------------ 1709 Improvement--------------------------------------------- 1679 Oldmans Creek, N. J., improvement ---------------------------- 396 Old River, Fla. and Ala., improvement of intracoastal waterway via .__ 888 Old River (present mouth of Red River), La., removing snags and wrecks -------------- -------------------------------------- 1209 Old River, Ohio, examination and survey_______________--------------- 17094 Old River, Wash., improvement_ --------------------------------- 1941 Old Warwick Cove, R. I., examination and survey --------------- 163 Olympia Harbor, Wash.: Improvement--------------------------------------------- 1922 Review of reports-- ------------------------------------ 1958, Onancock River, Va., improvement_----____- --------- ------- 563- Onosohatchee River, Fla., examination and survey------ ------------ 838 Ontario Lake: Channels in waters connecting Great Lakes, improvement -------- 1564: Discharge--------------- --- -- -------------------------- 2230 Elevation----------------------------------------------------- 2230 Improvement of St. Lawrence River to Ogdensburg, N. Y -------- 1699% Surveys, charts, etc-___--------------------------------- 2224 Water levels--_---------- -------------------------------- 2230 Ontonagon Harbor and River, Mich., improvement ____________ ---- 1411 Orange Mills Flats, St. Johns River, Fla., improvement 52 7--------------- Orange River, Fla., improvement___ ---------------------------------- 797 Oregon City, Oreg., examination and survey of locks------------------ 1901 Organization of river and harbor works------------------------------ 8 Osage River, Mo.: Improvement- ______-------------- 1246 Operating and care of lock and dam______----------- --- _ 1250. Oswego Harbor, N. Y.: Examination and survey 709 1------------------ Improvement 1------------------ Review of reports ------------------------------- 709~ 1-------- Ottawa River and tributaries, Ohio, examination ___----....-___-- 1621 Ouachita River, Ark. and La.: Improvement ----------------------------------------- 1131 Operating and care of locks and dams-------------------- 1136" Oyster Creek, Tex., improvement----------- ---------------------- 1091 Oyster, Va., examination and survey of channel to Atlantic Ocean------ 456 P Padre Island, Tex., examination and survey of waterway via----------- 1126 Pagan River, Va., improvement------------------- --------------- 557 Palacios, Tex., examination and survey of channel to the intracoastal waterway -------------------------------------------------- 112 Pamlico River, N. C.: Improvement ---------------- ------------------------------ 612 Review of reports-------- ---------------------------------- 670' Pamlico Sound, N. C.: Examinations and surveys------------------------------------- 670 Improvement of waterway to Beaufort Inlet--------- 57Z Improvement of waterway to Norfolk, Va-- ----------- 568 Pamunkey River, Va., improvement-------------- 526 Panama Canal, survey--------------- ------------------------- 2177 Pantego Creek, N. C., improvement of Belhaven Harbor .____________ 610 Paradise Creek, Va., examination and survey_---------______________ 67 Parish Creek, Md., examination and survey__-- ______________ 494 Parting Creek, Va., improvement____-------------------------------- 451 Pascagoula Harbor and River, Miss.: Improvement of harbor__ _______-------------------_ 924 Improvement of river above mouth of Dog River--__---- _______ _ 932 Pasquetank River, Va., improvement of waterway via --------- 568 Passaic River, N. J.: Examination and survey ----------------------- 35Z - Improvement-.......... - ---- _314 2296 INDEX Page Pass Cavalld, Tex., improvement of channel to Port Lavaca------------- 1105 Passes of Mississippi River, improvement--------------------------- 947 Pass Manchac, La.: Examination and survey of waterway via------------------------ 1022 Improvement----------------------------------------------- 970 Patapsco River, Md., improvement of Baltimore Harbor and Channels-- 458 Patchogue River, N. Y., improvement_ ..... __-__-...._____ ___-- 205 Pawcatuck River, R. I. and Conn., improvement ___-----------------117 Pawtucket (Seekonk) River, R. I.: Examination and survey--- ___--- ------------------------- 163 Improvement 111 _---------------------- Peace River, Fla: Examination and survey___ 8------------839 Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 798 Pearl River, Miss.: Examination and survey -------------- __ -___ 946' Improvement of East Pearl River____ -_______---------------- 939 Peedee, Great, River, S. C., improvement 78 6---------------- Peedee, Little, River, S. C., examination-__--. ______------ - 704 Peekskill Harbor, N. Y., improvement-____- - -__ 278 Pensacola Bay and Harbor, Fla.: Examinations and surveys------- ----------------------------- 900 Improvement of harbor -------------------------------------- 84 Improvement of intracoastal waterway from bay to Mobile Bay, Ala 888 Perdido Bay, Fla. and Ala., improvement of intracoastal waterway via__ 888 Pere Marquette Lake, Ludington Harbor, Mich., improvement ------- 1514 Perkins Cove, Me., examination and survey_-- --- --- -_,- 92 Permanent International Association of Congresses of Navigation------ 2176 Permits: For construction of bridges_-----__ 2186 For diversion of water from Niagara River, N. Y___ ________2236, 2238 For private structures and operations in navigable waters--------- 2187 Perth Amboy, N. J., examination and survey of cut-off channel off ----- 353 Petaluma Creek, Calif., improvement______--- ______ __- __ 1758 Petersburg Harbor, Alaska, examination and survey- -- ______-__ 1972 Petersburg, Va., improvement of Appomattox River- 553 Petit Anse Bayou, La., examination and survey ----_____ _____ __ 1022 Petoskey Harbor, Mich.: Examination and survey.------------------ 1534 Improvement 530 1------------------ Philadelphia, Pa. : Engineering district ----------------------------------- ------ 354 Improvement of Delaware River at---------- _____-- -- _ 354, 361, 373 Phoebus, Va., to deep water in Hampton Roads, examination and survey of channel from- ---------------- -------- ----- - 607 Pierhead lines, establishment ---....-- ---------- 2187 Pierre, Fort, S. Dak., improvement of Missouri River at- 1243 Piers, permits for construction- ------ - _ -- _ - -- 2187 Pigeon Bayous, La., improvement - -- - -- _----- - - - 981 Pigeon (Little) and French Broad Rivers, Tenn., improvement------- 1303 Pine Bluff, Ark., improvement of Arkansas River at--------______ 1163 Pine Lake and River (Charlevoix Harbor), Mich., improvement-------- 1527 Pine River Reservoir, Minn.: Construction opertionand - care and --- - -- -- ___1__-____207 - - ---------------------------------------- 1204 1207 Operation care Pithlachascotee River, Fla., examination and survey-------------- 838, 839 Pittsburgh, Pa., engineering district________ _______-________-_ 1331 Plaquemine Bayou, La: Improvement__ ------------ 1015 Improvement of intracoastal waterway via___ ____-- - -_______- 994 Operating and care of lock and dam in__ _______989 Plaquemine Brule' Bayou, La.: Examination and survey- ---- - - - - - - 1022 Improvement ----------- ---- ---- -1015 Plattsburg Harbor, N. Y., improvement --- - - -- - -- -306 Pleasant River, Me., examination and survey ----------- 92 INDEX 2297 Page Plymouth Harbor, Mass., improvement ------------------------------ 81 Point Arena Harbor, Calif., examination and survey----------------1776 Point Isabel, Tex.: Examination and survey of waterway to Corpus Christi, Tex-------- 1025 Improvement of Brazos Island Harbor_ ----- ---------------- 1114 Point Judith Pond, R. I., examination and survey of entrance to chan- nel of-------------------------------------------------- 153 Point Judith, R. I., construction of harbor 'of refuge------------------- 113 Point Lookout, Mich., examination and survey--------------------- 1621 Poke~ma Reservoir, Minn.: Construction-- ----------------- -------------------------- 1204 Operating and care-- ------------------------------------ 1207 Pokomoke River, Md., examination and survey------------------ 494 Pollock Rip Channel, Mass., improvement--------------------------- 93 Pollution of navigable waters, New York Harbor ------------------ 2195 Ponce de Leon Inlet, Fla., examination and survey _--------------__ 839 Ponce Harbor, P. R., improvement-- ---------------------------- 1993 Ponchatoula River, La., improvement of Tickfaw River--____- ---- _ 970 Pontchartrain Lake, La., improvement___ ________-__________--- 962 Poquonock River, Conn., improvement-----------------------------146 Porcupine Island, Bar Harbor, Me., construction of breakwater-------- 28 Portage Canal, Wis., examination and survey of waterway via _______ 1534 Portage Creek, Ala., improvement of intracoastal waterway via-------- 888 Portage Lake and Lake Superior Canals, Houghton County, Mich., improvement __----------------------------------------------- 1414 Portage Lake harbor of refuge, Mich., improvement -__---- 1521 Portage River, Ohio, improvement of Port Clinton Harbor ------------- 1617 Port Alexander, Alaska, improvement__ _____ ___---__ _-1968 Port Allen, Hawaii, examination and survey______ _______----- ------ 1988 Port Aransas, Tex.: Improvement--------------- ----------------------------- 1108 Improvement of Harbor Island Harbor- 1108 Port Arthur Canal, Tex. : Improvement --------------------------------- __ 1024 Review of reports on Sabine-Neches waterway and_________________ 1127 Port Austin Harbor, Mich., examination and survey------------------1621 Port Bolivar, Tex., improvement of channel to-------- --- 1058 Port Chester Harbor, N. Y., improvement----------------------- 165 Port Clinton Harbor, Ohio, improvement-------------------------- 1617 Port Everglades, Fla.: Examination and survey ------------------------------------ 839 Improvement___-- ___________------- 775 Port Gamble Harbor, Wash. : E amidnation and survey------------------ 1957 Improvement ------------------------- 1921 1------------------ Port Henry Harbor, N. Y., improvement_- ------ __ ----- ___ 309 Port Huron, Mich., improvement of Black River at------------------1603 Port Jefferson Harbor, N. Y., improvement--------------------------200 Portland and Louisville Canal, Ky.: Enlargement--------------- ------------------------------- 1309 Operating and care ---------------------------------------- 1321 Portland Harbor, Me.: Examination and survey ----- ------------------- 92 Improvement---------------- ------------------------------- 36 Portland, Oreg., engineering district----------------------------- 1804 Port Lavaca, Tex.: Examination and survey of channel to the intracoastal waterway__ 1126 Improvement of channel to Pass Cavallo ... ____________--_____ 1105 Port Ludlow Harbor, Wash., examination and survey--- ____- - - 1957 Pdrt :O'Otonnor, Tex., -examination and survey of channel to the intra- coastal waterway-- ------------------------------------- 1126 Port Orford, Oreg., examination and survey ______-----____ 1902 Porto Rico: Engineering district_ --------------- -------------------- 1989 Improvement of San Juan Harbor, ------ ---------- 1989 2298 rINDEX Page Port Royal Harbor, S. C., review of reports--------------------- 742 Port Royal (Beaufort) River, S. C., waterway between Beaufort, S. C., and Savannah, improvement ----------------------------------- 717 Port Series Reports .......--------------------------------------------- 25 Port Townsend Bay to Oak Bay, Wash., waterway improvement -------- 1919 Port Washington Harbor, Wis.: Examination and survey__,------------------------ ----------- 1534 Improvement ------- -------------------------------------- 1475 Potomac River: Examination and survey at Washington, D. C-------------------- 530 Improvement at Alexandria, Va ------------------------------ 502 Improvement at Washington, D. C_--- -------------- 495 Improvement below Washington, D. C ------------------------- 504 Power companies at Niagara Falls, N. Y., supervision of --- __----- 2237 Power, water : Black Warrior River, Ala., at Dam 17------------------------- 910 Mississippi River Dam between St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minn__- 1204 Niagara River, N. Y., control and regulation__, --------- 2237-2239 Surveys for ---------------------------------------- --- 1999 Presque Isle Harbor, Marquette, Mich., improvement------ -------- -- 1419 Presque Isle Peninsula, Erie, Pa., improvement_-__. _____------ - 1652, Private structures and operations in navigable waters, permits for------- 2187 Providence Harbor and River, R. I.: Improvement ------ ---------------------------------------- 107 Improvement of Pawtucket (Seekonk) River- -- __- -_______- 111 Removal of Green Jacket Shoal ____ - 1---------------- 107 Providence, R. I., engineering district----______________ 93 Provincetown Harbor, Mass., improvement --------------------------- 89 Puget Sound, Wash.: Examination and surveys __---------_______ __ _____ 1957 Improvement of, and tributaries------------------------------ 1916 Improvement of Lake Washington Canal----------------------- 1934 Operating and care of Lake Washington Canal------- __- 1939 Pultneyville Harbor, N. Y., examination and survey__- --- __----- 1709 Punaluu Harbor, Hawaii, examination and survey-------------- -- 1988 Pungo and Alligator Rivers, N. C., inland waterway, examination and sur- vey of canal to Fairfield, N. C------ ----- 607 Pungo River, N. C., improvement of Bellhaven Harbor ____________ 610 Pungoteague Creek, Va., examination and survey 606 Purification of water supply at Washington, D. C_---- --- _____- 2206 Puyallup River, Wash.: Examination and survey------------------------------------1957 Improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries_-...--- ----- 1916 Improvement of Tacoma Harbor--__ - - - - - - 1925 Review of reports on Hylebos Waterway-----------------------1958 Q Queenstown Harbor, Md., improvement------ . ------------- ____ - 471 Queue de Tortue Bayou, La., improvement __ ------------------- 1015 Quillayute River, Wash: Examination and survey --------------------------------- 1956 Improvement, -------------------------------------------- 1915 Quiner River, Miss., examination and survey 1162 Quinnipiac River, New Haven, Conn., improvement---------------- --- 13T R Raccoon Creek, N. J., improvement_ ------------------- __ 394 Racine Harbor, Wis., improvement_ __ -------------- __ 1484 Rahway River, N. J., examination and survey----------------------- 353 Rainy Lake reference, investigations for International Joint Commission- 2245 Raisin River, Mich., improvement of Monroe Harbor- ---------- 1611 Irappahannock River, Va., improvement--- -- --------- 512 r ix 2299 Raritan Bay and River, N. J.: Page Examinations and surveys------ __--------------------------- 353 Improvement of bay--------------------------------------- 323 Improvement of river-- ------------------------------------- 333 Review of reports of river---------------------------------- 353 Red Hook Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y.: Improvement------ -------------------------------------- 234 Review of reports-------------------------- --------------- 313 Red River, La., Ark., Tex., and Okla.: Cypress Bayou and lakes to Jefferson, Tex., improvement------ ---- 1120 Examinations and surveys -------------- ------- 1162, 2176 Improvement above Fulton, Ark., to mouth of Washita River-...... 1120 Imnrovement below Fulton, Ark------------------- -------- 1128 Jefferson-Shreveport waterway improvement_ ....... -__-___ 1120 Rectification of mouth by Mississippi River Commission----------- 2021 Redwood Creek, Calif., improvement _---_-_---------.....---___ 1732 Regulations and rules: For anchorage grounds--------------------------------- 2184 For navigable waters----------------- --------------------- 2183 For navigation of canals -----------------------------------2183 For openings of drawbridges...,___ 2185 For target practice ---------------------------------------- 2184 Rehoboth Bay, Del., waterway to Delaware Bay, improvement ---------- 447 Reservoirs : Mississippi River headwaters-- Construction _ __ __ __ _ ______1204 Consructon-------------------------------------120 Operating and care ------------------------------------ 1207 Tidal Reservoir, Potomac River, D. C_---__O-____-__ -___- 495 Washington Aqueduct, D. C____ ____________- -___ -___ 2206 Rhodes Point to Tylerton, Smiths Island, Md., examination and survey of channel from --------------------------------------------- 494 Richardson Creek, Ga., examination and survey- ___________--- 742 Richmond Harbor, Calif., improverient ----------------------------1742 Richmond Harbor, Va., improvement of James River----------------- 546 Rigault Bayou, La., improvement__ ------------------------------ 973 Rigoletes, La., examination and survey of waterway via the------------1022 Rivers and harbors: Allotments and transfers under War Department appropriation acts of Apr. 15, 1926, Feb. 23, 1927, and Mar. 23, 1928-__,_ ------- - -13 Appropriations for operations during the past year-.____-_____-- - 8 Board of engineers for---------------------------------------23 Bridges, construction and alteration--------------------,, __ 2183 Bridges, regulations for opening of draws____________________ 2185 Contributed funds for improvement of-______------- 9 Estimate of appropriations for -------------------------------- 22 Expenditures during the past year_ ___ __- -- _________ 9 Harbor lines, establishment--------------------------------- 2187 Organization of works on ____________----8__________ Regulations for establishment of anchorage grounds-------------2184 Regulations for navigation of canals__--__- ____2183 Regulations for opening of drawbridges __-__- ___ -_______ - 2185 Regulations for target practice----------------------------- 2184 Structures other than bridges, permits for erection-.._________ 2186 Roads in Alaska, Board of Commissioners for----- 2248 Roanoke River, N. C.: Examination ---------------------------------------------- 606 Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 594 Rochester (Charlotte) Harbor, N. Y.: Examination and survey_-------- ___ _ --- ----------------- 1709 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 1682 Rockhole Creek and Herring Bay, Md.: Improvement--- ------------------------------------------- 491 Review of reports--------------- -------------------------- 495 Rock Island. Ill., engineering district ------------- 1213 Rockland Harbor, Me., improvement------------------------------- 31 2300 INDEX Rock River, Ill. and Wis.: Page Examination and survey ------------------------------------ 1224 Illinois and Mississippi Canal, operating and care----------------1216 Operating snag boats and dredge boats _--- ------------- -___ 1214 Rogue River, Oreg., examination and survey 1------------------ Rollinson Channel, N. C., examination and survey --------------------- 670 Rotnerly Marsh, Ga., improvement of waterway via-...-- _ ------- -717 Rondout Harbor, N. Y., improvement-- 2----------------- Root River, Wis., improvement of Racine Harbor--------------------1484 Rouge River, Mich.: Examination and surveys-- 16----------------- Improvement --------------------------------------------- 1607 Rough River, Ky.: Examination ---------------------------------------------- 1395 Operating and care of lock and dam_--...... ___ -___-- 1389 Round Lake, Charlevoix, Mich., improvement_.____ _-___-- 1527 Royal River, Me., examination and survey---------------------------92 Rules and regulations: For anchorage grounds------------------- -- 2184 For navigation of canals ___-------------____-2183 For opening of drawbridges__ ------------------- __ -_ 2185 For target practice___--- ------------ 2184 Runyon Creek, N. C., examination and survey___---- 670 Russell Creek, S. C., examination and survey ___ _-___ __-___- 704 Rye Harbor, N. H., examination and survey __-------_____ - 92 S Sabine-Neches Canal, Tex.: Contributions for improvement ------------------------------- 1027 Examination and survey-----------------__-------------- 1126 Improvement ------- -- ---------------------------------- 024 Improvement of intracoastal waterway via -------------------- 1038 Review of reports on Port Arthur Canal, Tex., and ---------- 1127 Sabine River, La. and Tex.: Improvement of intracoastal waterway to Corpus Christi, Tex - o 1036 Improvement of intracoastal waterway to New Orleans, La-------- 994 Improvement of Sabine-Neches Canal 1----------_------- 1024 Improvement of Sabine Pass Harbor.---------------------------024 Improvement of waterway to Calcasieu River, La ____.---_ 994 Improvement of waterway to Mermentau River, La---------------994 Saco River, Me., improvement_--_-_--_ 409 Sacramento, Calif., engineering district_.. __________ ____ __ 1777 Sacramento River, Calif.: Alleviation of debris by California Debris Commission------------2012 Flood control by California Debris Commission-------- 2012 Hydraulic mining---- ------------ ----------------------- 2004 Improvement--- ----------------------------------- 1792,2012 Saginaw River, Mich.: Improvement 1------------------ 596 Review of reports--------------- 1------------------ 1622 St. Andrews Bay, Fla.: Examinations and surveys___----------------------------------900 Improvement of bay------------------------------------------- 86 Improvement of channel to Apalachicola River--__-__- __------ 861 St. Clair Flats Canal, Lake, and River, Mich.: Examination and survey of lake 621 1------------------ Improvement of channels in Lake St. Clair--------------------- 579 Improvement of channels in waters connecting the Great Lakes.-- 1564 Improvement of St. Clair River__ _-------_----------__-_____ 1576 St. Croix River, Me. and New Brunswick,, operations of 'International Board of Control-------- ----------------- -- ------ 2233 St. Croix River, Wis. and Minn.: Examination and survey ------- ------- 1231 Improvement --- ___---------- ---- 1224 Operating snag boats and dredge boats --- ----- 1214 -------------------------------- 973 St. Denis Bayou, La., improvement___ INDEX 2301 St. Francis River, Ark.: Page Examination and survey- ------------------------ ------ 1187 Improvement ------------- -------------------------------- 1177 St. George Sound, Fla., improvement of Carrabelle Harbor------------- 843 St. Ignace, Mich., examination and survey of harbor at ---- _----1621 St. John Bayou, La., examination and survey ---------------------- 1022 St. Johns River, Fla: Examinations and surveys-----------------------------------839 Improvement at Jacksonville----------------------------- 744 Improvement between Jacksonville and Palatka, including Orange Mills Flats and Deep Creek ---------------------------- 752 Improvement between Palatka and Lake Harney ____--__ -___ 755 Improvement of intracoastal waterway, Jacksonville to Miami, via__ 766 Improvement, Jacksonville to the ocean ______________________ 744 Improvement of Volusia Bar and between Volusia Bar and Lake Monroe ------- ----------------- ---------------- ---- 755 Improvement of waterway to Beaufort, S. C.----- -- 717 Improvement of waterway to Cumberland Sound________________ 717 Review of reports, Jacksonville to Palatka______________________ 841 St. Jones River, Del., improvement_------------------------------- ___ 438 St. Joseph Harbor, Mich: Examination and survey of waterway via ---------------------- 1395 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 1490 St. Josephs Bay, Fla., improvement of entrance-____ 864 St. Lawrence River : Board of- control to control the operation of the St. Lawrence Power Co., near Massena, N. Y ---------------------------------- 2240 Improvement between Ogdensburg, N. Y., and Lake Ontario------ 1699 St. Louis Bay and River, Minn., and Wis., improvement___--------------_ 1401 St. Louis, Mo., engineering district_______ __________________ _ 1208 St. Lucie Canal, Inlet, and River, Fla.: Examinations and surveys ------------ 838, 839 Improvement of canal and river------------------------------ 790 Improvement of inlet--------------------------------------- 772 St. Marks River, Fla., improvement______________ __ ________ _..841 St. Marys River and St. Marys Falls Canal, Mich.: Channels and waters connecting the Great Lakes, improvement ._ 1564 Commercial statistics_ -------------------------------------- 1572 Examination and survey___ ----------------------------------- 1621 Improvement of river at the falls, including Hay Lake (Nicolet Lake) and Neebish Channels ------------------------------ _ 1564 Operating and care of canal_ -------------------------------- 1574 Surveys, etc--------- ------------------------------------ 2224 St. Marys River, Ga. and Fla.: Examination and survey of waterway to proposed Gulf intra- coastal waterway__---------------------------------------- 743 mprvement-------------- _____ Improvement ____ ______ ----------------------------- 73 73 St. Marys River, Ohio: Examination and survey of waterway via---------------------- 1395 Improvement___ ------- ------------------ 1621 St. Paul, Minn.: Engineering district --------- ------------------------------ 1225 Gaging Mississippi River at------------- ----------- --- 1225 St. Petersburg Harbor, Fla.: Examination and survey------------------------------------ Improvement -------------------------- 839 --------------- 816 Salem Harbor, Mass., improvement____________________________ Salem River, 55 N. J., SalemRive, improvement, N.J., mproemen --------------------------------- __ ______._________. 39 398 Saline River, Ark., improvement____ - 1145 Salkehatchie (Big) River, S. C., examination and survey----------- Saleht----Bg)----------,-------------- 704 1145- Salliers Bay, N. C., examination and survey of waterway via---------____ Salmon Bay, Wash.: 670 Improvement of Lake Washington Canal__----------------------_ 1934 Operating and care of Lake Washington Canal_ _ ___________ _ 1939 Salmon River, Alaska, examination_ ________________-____- _ _1972 Salt Pond, R. I., examination and survey of entrance to channel of .-- 163 23 2 INDEX BSampit River, S. C.: Page Examination and survey of upper river ---------------------- 04 7-- Improvement of Georgetown Harbor--------------------------- 671 ,anborn Harbor, Alaska, examination and survey---- ____ -_,_---- 1972 Sandbeach (Harbor Beach), Mich., improvement of harbor of refuge ... 1600 San Bernard River, Tex., examination and survey------------- 1126 :San Carlos Bay, Fla., examination and survey of channel in _ 839 "San Diego Harbor, Calif.: Examination and survey- --- - _______ - _______ -- 1725 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 1710 Review of reports _ ------------------------------------- 1725 :Sandusky Harbor, Ohio, improvement ______---____ ___------1622 :Sandy Lake Reservoir, Minn.: Construction -------------------- -------------- ------------ 1204 Operating and care---------------------------------------- 1207 San Francisco Bay and Harbor, Calif.: Examinations and surveys in bay____----------------- 1776 Improvement by removal of rocks ---------------------------- 1726 Improvement of Oakland Harbor---------------------------- 1734 San Francisco, Calif., engineering district ___ __---------------- 1726 San Jacinto River, Tex., improvement of waterway via__-----------1061 San Joaquin River, Calif.: Examination and survey of Mormon Channel -------------- __ 1803 Hydraulic mining------------ --------------------- 2004 Improvement --------------------------- ---------- --------- 1777 Improvement of Stockton and Mormon Channels-- 786 1--------------- Work of California Debris Commission-------------------------2003 Ban Juan Harbor, P. R.: Examination and survey_-_-______-___- -_ 1998 Improvement ____________--------------------------------------------- 1989 :San Leandro Bay, Oakland Harbor, Calif., improvement_ 1--------- -1734 :.an Luis Obispo Harbor, Calif., improvement___--- ---------------- 1723 ;an Pablo Bay, Calif., improvement_________-------------------- 1747 San Pedro Bay and Harbor, Calif.: Construction of deep-water harbor----------------------------1715 Improvement of Wilmington inner harbor __.---------------- - 1715 .San Rafael Creek, Calif., improvement___------- - -- -_______ -1761 Santa Fe Lake (Little) to Lake Alto, and thence to Waldo, Fla., canal, review of report----------------------------------------------840 Santa Rosa, Fla.: Examination and survey of channel to Choctawhatchee Bay, Fla_. 900 Improvement of narrows in sound _____------- --------------- 877 ,Santee River, S. C.: Examination and survey of waterway to upper Sampit River--------704 Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 684 :Sapelo Bar, Harbor, and Sound, Ga.: Examinations and surveys ___ 742 Improvement of bar and harbor___ -__________------ - _____ 722 Sarasota Bay, Fla.: Examination and survey---- --------------- 839 Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 802 Satilla River, Ga.: Examination and survey 42 7----------------- Improvement ----------------------------------------------734 Review of reports to Dover Creek, Ga., cut between Baileys Cut_ __ 743 Saugatuck Harbor, Mich., improvement_____---- ----- __ -___ 1496 Saugatuck River, Conn., improvement--------------- --------------- 152 Saugerties Harbor, N. Y., improvement_-----------------------------25 'Saugus River, Lynn Harbor, Mass., improvement _____--- ____-__ 57 Savannah, Ga., engineering district __...__________ ___-- ____ 705 .Savannah Harbor and River, Ga.: Examinations and surveys ---------------------------------- 742 Improvement of harbor------------------------------------- 705 Improvement of river above Augusta- .- 716 Improvement of river at Augusta---- 716 Improvement of river below Augusta-----------_, 712 INDEX 2303 Savannah Harbor and River, Ga.--Continued. Page Improvement of waterway to Beaufort, S. C------------- ,,-- --- 717 Improvement of waterway to Fernandina, Fta-__-----------------717 Review of reports on harbor.------------------_------------ 743 Saybrook Harbor, Connecticut River, Conn., improvement-------------- 129 Sclhooner ayou, La.: Improvement of intracoastal waterway via----------------------994 Operating and care of lock ---------------------------------- 1007 Schuykill River, Pa.: Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 376 Review of reports-------- --------------------------------- 384 Scituate Harbor, Mass,, improvement------------------------------- Scott Point, Tennessee River, Ala., lock and dam at Hales Bar, operating and care 1------------------ Scotts. reek, Va., improvement of Norfoik Harbor .------ --------- 531 Scuppernong River, N. C., improvement_---------------------------- 597 Seabrook, N. H., examination and survey of harbor- ------- - ------- 92 Searcy Creek, Fla., inmprovement of waterway via------------------- 861 Seattle Harbor, Wash.: Examinations and surveys--------- ------------- ------ 1957 Improvement of Duwamish River and east and west waterways-... 1929 Seattle, Wash., engineering district------ ------------------------ 1903 Seddon Island Channel, Fla., improvement of Tampa Harbor------------ 807 Seekonk (Pawtucket) River, R. I., improvement- --- -- ---- 111 Sennette Bayou, La., examination and survey----------------1022 Seward, Alaska, construction of harbor of refuge---- -------------- 1969 Shallotte River, N. C., improvement___--- ----------------- 666 Shallowbag Bay, N. C.: Examination and survey------------------------------------ 607 Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 600 Shark River, N. J., examination and survey--- ----- __ _____ -- -___- 353 Shaws Cove, New London, Conn., improvement-........---- - ------- 121 Sheboygan Harbor, Wis., improvement ----------------------------1472 Sheepshead Bay, N. Y., improvement- - ___------._____ _ 219 Sheffield Island Harbor, Conn., improvement of Norwalk Harbor-------- 153 Shem Creek, S. C., examination and survey ------ ----- __ _---- 704 Shenango River, Pa., examination and survey ---------------------- 1353 Shilshole Breakwater and Bay, Wash., examination and survey--------.. 1957 Ship Island Harbor and Pass, Miss., improvement of pass and channel to Gulfport------------------------------------------- 928 Shipyard Creek, S. C., improvement------------------------------- 698 Shipyard River, S. C., review of reports-,---------------------------- 704 Shoal Harbor, N. J., improvement------------------------------------ 342 Shoalwater Bay, Wash., examination and survey of waterway via -_ 1957 Shooters Island Channel, N. Y. and N. J.: Examination and survey .------------------------------------ 353 Improvement ------------------------ SShreveport, La., to Jefferson, Tex., improvement of waterway ---------- 1120 Shrewsbury River, N. J.: Examination and survey--------------------------------------- 352,353 Improvement----------------------------------------------- 34 Siletz River, Oreg., examination and survey------------------------ 1902 Silver Lake Harbor, N. C --------------------------------------- 618 Silver Springs Run, Fla., improvement___-----------------------------, 760 Sihepuxent Bay, Md., examination and survey-------------------- -- 456 Siskiwit River, Wis., examination and survey _________ _________ 1433 Sitaters Creek, Ela., improvement of waterways via--------------------- 717 Sitka Harbor, Alaska, examination and survey------------------ 1971 Siuslaw River, Oreg., improvement_________ _____ ___ ______ 1826 Skagit River, Wash.: Improvement --------------------------------------------- 945 Improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries ____----...-1916 Skamokawa Creek, Wash., improvement___------------------ . .1893 Skamokawa Slough, Wash., improvement _____ 1892 Skidaway Narrows, Ga., improvement of waterways via-----------.. 717 Skipanon Channel, Oreg., improvement-- - 1847 _...........- 11714---30--ENG 1930--145 2304 EX Skykomish River, Wash.: Page SExamination ----------------------------------------------- : 1958 Improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries__-----------------_- 1916 $lack-water systems. Bee Canals and Waterways. Slaughter Creek, Md., improvement---------------.. Smith Creek, Md., improvement.....-------------------------------- -- 510 ---------------- 479 ,Smith Creek, N. C.: ,1.. Improvement ---------------.---.--.----------- -- ----- 622 Review of reports on inland waterway from Norfolk, Va., to Beau- fort Inlet, N. C., via--------------------------------------607 Smith River, Oreg., examination and survey __----------- -------- 1902 Smiths Creek, N. J., examination and survey,------------------------ 353 Smiths Island, Md., examination and survey of channel from Rhodes Point to Tylerton----.....---------------------------------------- 494 Smyrna River, Del., improvement--------------------------------- 433 Snake River, Idaho, Oreg., and Wash.: Examination and survey -------- ----------------------------- 1902 Improvement------------ -------------------------------- 1880 Snohomish River, Wash.: Examinations and surveys ----------------------------- 1957, 1958 Improvement 1------------------ Improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries_ ------------ 1916 :Snoqualmie River, Wash.: Examination --- ---- 1958 Improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries----_ _--_--------1916 iSocastee Creek, S. C., improvement of water via-..-. ------------ 643 'South Soda Lake, La., improvement of waterway via_ Chicago Harbor, Ill., improvement -------------------- _------- South Edisto River, S. C., examination and survey_------------------ --- _-1548---- 1120 704 Southern Branch, Elizabeth River, Va.: Examination and survey__--------------------- -------------- 07 Improvement ----------------- ---------------------------- 531 South Haven Harbor, Mich., improvement_ -__ ------------------ 1493 South Newport River, Ga., examination and survey- ----------- 742 South Pass, Mississippi River: Examinations and surveys------- ---- 958 Maintenance of channel------ -------------------------- 954 Southport Harbor, Conn., improvement------------------------------ 150 South River, N. C., improvement ___,----- --. ------------------ 616 .South River, N. J., improvement------------- -------------------- 36 South Slough and Mill Creek, Ill.: Improvement . ... - .------------------- ----------------------- 1221 Review of report-------------------------------------- 1224 Southwest Baltimore, Md., improvement at Spring Garden---------.... 458 Southwest Pass, Mississippi River, improvement, including shoals be- tween Cubits Gap and Head of Passes, and dredge construction-----... 947 Sparkill Creek, N. Y., examination and survey_-------------------. 812 Sparkman Bay Channel, Fla., improvement of Tampa Harbor-----------.. 807 Spring Garden, Baltimore, Md., improvement of harbor at..........------------ 458 Spuyten Duyvil Creek, N. Y., improvement------------------------- 262 Stamford Harbor, Conn., improvement------------------------------- Starlings Creek, Va., examination and survey_---------------------- 155 494 Staten Island-New Jersey Channels, improvement.-------------------3_ ,23 Staten Island Sound (Arthur Kill), N. Y. and N. J.: Examination and survey-------------------------------------353 Improvement -------------------------------------------- 323 Staunton River, Va., examination- -_-----. -_-_------------ -606 Steamboat Slough, Wash., improvement ..------------------- 1892 Steele Bayou, Miss.: Examination and survey------------------------------------- 1162 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 1157 Steinhatchee River into Deadmans Bay, Fla., examination and survey___ 839 Stikine River, Alaska, examination and survey---------------------- 1958 Stilaguamish River, Wash.: Examination ---------------------------------- 1958 Improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries--------- --------- 1916 Stillwater Harbor, Minn., improvement of St. Croix River-------------- 1226 INDEX 2305 Stockton Channel, San Joaquin River, Calif.: Page Examination and survey of Mormon Channel.,-- ---------- 1803 Improvement--- -------------------------------------- 1786 Stonington Harbor, Conn---------------------_----- ---- 119 Stono River, S. C., improvement of waterway via ....---- __--_----- 700 Structures in navigable waters, permits for private structures and opera- tions-_ -------------------------------------------------- 2187 Stuart, Fla., examination and survey of inland waterway to Gulf of Mexico -------------------------------------------------- 839 Stumpy Point, N. C., examination and survey of channel in Pamlico Sound. --------------------------------------- ---------- 670 Sturgeon Bay and Lake Michigan Canal, Wis., improvement- --------. 1455 Suisun Bay Channel, Calif.: Improvement ----------------- ---------------------------- 1751 Review of reports- --------------------------------- 1776 Suisun Creek or Channel, Calif., improvement-------....------------ 1754 Sunflower River (Big), Miss.: Examination and survey__---- ------------------------- --- 1162 Improvement ----- ---------------------------------------- 1153 Operating and care of lock and dam-------- ____________________ 1156 Sunken craft, removal of--- ---------------------------- ----- 2188 Superior-Duluth Harbor, Wis. : .. Examination and survey- -- --.------------------ .1433 -- Improvement --------- ----------------------------------- 1401 Review of reports---- ----------------------------------- 1433 Superior Lake: Channels in waters connecting Great Lakes, improvements---------- 1564 Discharge ------------------------------------------------ 2230 Elevation----------------- ------------------------------ 2230 Examination and survey of south shore----------------------- 1433 Keweenaw Bay-Lake Superior waterway, Mich., improvement ------- 1414 Surveys, charts, etc-------------------- -------------- ---- 2224 Water levels--- ---------- ------------------------------- 2230 Supervision of New York Harbor, N. Y., to prevent destructive or in- jurious deposits---------------------------------------- ----- 2188 Surface levels. See Water levels. Surveys : General statement regarding---- ..--- - __------ 7 International boundary waters ------------------------------ 2233 Navigation, flood control, power, and irrigation- ---__--------- - 1999 Of northern and northwestern lakes_- ........--------....-.. 2224 Ohio River------ ------------------------------------ 1309 Susquehanna River, Pa., and Md.: Examination of west branch--___------------------ 494 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 465 Suwannee River, Fla., improvement------- ------..-------- - 832 Swan Point, N. C., examination and survey of waterway via-........... .670 Swan Quarter Bay and Canal, N. C.: Examinations and surveys-___ -- __---- __-__--- -- --------- 670 Improvement of waterway from Deep Bay, N. C., to Bay---------- 608 Swansboro, N. C., waterway to New River and Beaufort, improvement___ 637 Swift Creek, N. C., improvement ..------.------ ---- __ _ 623 Swinomish Slough, Wash., improvement____-----.---------------- - 1948 T Tacoma Harbor, Wash.: Examination and survey -------------------- --------------- 1958 Improvement __ Improement--------- __ --------------------------------- 1925 ____12 Review of reports on Hylebos waterway 958 1------------------ Tallahatchie River, Miss., improvement_---------------------------.1151 Tampa Bay and Harbor, Fla.: Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 807 Improvement of channel to Clearwater Harbor------------ -- . 820 Improvement of Hillsboro Bay and River --------------- 807 Review of reports-------- ---- __-_- -------- - 841 Tanana River, Alaska, examination and survey---------- - - -.1972 Tangier Channel, Va., improvement----------------------------- 410 Tangier Sound, Va.: Page Examination and survey of channel at south end of Taiier Island__ 494 Examination and survey of waterway to Chesapeake Bay, via twll, Md-------------------------------------------------------494 tar Bay, Md., examination and survey -- ....---------------- 494 Target practice, regul tions for the protection of life and property in_--- 2184 Tar River, N. C.: Improveent---------------------------------------------612 Review of reports---------- -------------------------------- 71 Tarrytown Harbor, N. Y.: Examination and survey---------------------- ------------ 312 Improvement ------------------- 276 Taunton River, Mass.: Examination and survey------ ---------------------------- 163 Improvement-------- ---- --------------------- ------ 104 Tawas River, Mich., examination and survey_-- ----------- 1621 Taylor Creek, Fla.: Examination and survey----------------------------- 838 Improvement----------------------------------------------- 790 Taylors Bayou, Tex., improvement of intracoastal waterway via-------. 1036 Taylors Creek Cut, N. C., examination and survey of waterway via------ 670 Teche Bayou, La.: IExaminations and surveys-------- ---------------------- 1022, 1023 Improvement---- ----------------- ------------------------- 985 Operating and care of Keystone Lock- -..---- - -------- 991 Operating and care of waterway to Mississippi River, Harvey Canals ------------------------------------------------- 1002 Tennessee River: Above Chattanooga, improvement---------------------- ------- 1282 Below Riverton, Ala., improvement ___------------------------ 1282 Browns Island to Florence, improvement_______-- ---- 1282 Browns Island to Riverton, improvement --------- ___ 1282 Chattanooga to Hales Bar, improvement____--------,_ 1282 Chattanooga to Browns Island, improvement --- ____ - 1282 Colbert Shoals Canal, operating and care______----------------------- 1296 Colbert Shoals to Riverton, improvement-__- ---- __ 1282 Dam No. 2, Muscle Shoals, improvement and maintenance, including hydroelectrical development--------------------------- 1282, 1301 Dam No. 2, Muscle Shoals, operating and care------------------- 1296 Dam No. 2 to Florence Bridge, Al..- Improvement of Dam No. I--1- ------------------------- 1282 Operating and care of Dam No. I ------ - 1296 Florence to Colbert Shoals, improvement------ ,-- -- --- -__ 1282 Hales Bar Lock and Dam, operating and care_--,--------- -__- 1296 Hales Bar to Browns Island, improvement---------------------- 1282 Muscle Shoals Canal, operating and care .------------------ 1296 Muscle Shoals nitrate plants-------------- . 127 Widows Bar Lock and Dam, operating and care------------------ 1296 Tensas River, La., improvement. ---------------------------------- 1138 Terra Ceia Cut-Off, Tia., improvement---------------------------- 805 Terre au Boeuf Bay6n and Delacroix Island, La.: Examination and survey- -------------------------------- 1022 Review of reports---------- 023 1------------------- Terrebonne Bayou, La., improvement ------------------ 979 Texas and Louisiana intracoastal waterway: Examination and survey, Corpus Christi to the Rio Grande Valley__ 1126 Improvement, Mississippi River to Corpus Christi--___- -__ 994, 1036 Texas City Harbor, Tex: Examination and survey-- ------------------------------ 1124 Improvement of channel to Galveston _----__---------- 1054 Texas, State of, removal of water hyacinths from waters of ----------- 1018 Thames River, Conn.: Improvement -------------------------------------- --- 124 Improvement of New London Harbor .... ------------- ----- 121 Review of reports------------------------------------------------ 63 Thimble Shoal, Chesapeake Bay, Va., improvement------------------ 540 INDEX 23.7 Thoroughfare Bay and Cut, N. C.: Ps" Examination and survey of waterway via...--. ------------------ 670 Improvement of waterway to Cedar Bay, N. C------------------- 630 Three Mile Creek, Ala., examination and survey-------------------- 946 Threemile Rapids, Columbia River, Oreg. and Wash., improvement------1873 Thunder Bay Harbor and Rivey, Mich., improvement---------------- 1593 Thunderbolt, Ga., examination and survey of inland waterway at ----- 742 Tickfaw River, La., ilnprovement of, including tributaries-------- 970 Tigre Bayou, La., examination and survey----------------------- 1022 Tillamook Bay, Bar, and entrance, Oreg.: Examination and survey of bay and entrance__ -------------- --- 1901 Improvement of bay and bar------------------------------ 1838 Tohopekaliga Lake, Fla., waterway via, examination and survey ------ 88 Toledo Harbor, Ohio: Examinations and surveys-- ------------------------------- 1621 Improvement------ --------------------------------------- 1613 Review of reports - -------------------------- 1--------- 1622 Tolovana River, Alaska, improvement_--------- 1966 Tombigbee River, Ala. and Miss.: Demopolis, Ala., improvement below (construction of locks and, dams)-------------------------------------------------- 910 Demopolis, Ala., to Walkers Bridge, Miss., improvement ------------ 917 Examination and survey __ ___________ 946 Operating and care of locks and dams-....... __0--- -------- 920 Toms River, N. J., improvement- 414 Tonawaw 4 Ha bor, N .: Examination and survey- _ 1------------------- Improvement--------1------------------------------------ 668 Toptuskey Creek, Va., examination and survey----------------------- 530 Towboats, experimental, for use on Mississippi River----------------- 2178 Tradewater River, jy., ipporoeent---- ------------------------ 1328 Trail Creek, MpihIgan City garbo~, Ind., improvement --- ---- Traps, fish, permits for construction ..... __ -- __---- 2187 Tred Avon River, Md., improvement _____ -_____- _ 474 Trent River, N. C.: Examination and survey ----------------------- --------- 670 Improvement-------------------------------------------- 27 Review of reports on inland waterway from Norfolk, Va., to Beau- fort Inlet, N. C., via-------------------------------------- 607 Trinidad Bay, Calif., examination and survey_----_- --- _______ - 1775 Trinity River, Tex.: Eraiililoons and: sueys------------------- --------- 1125, 1126 Improvement above intouth --- ----------- "-----1079 Improvement of mouth------------------------------- --- 1078 Review of reports--------------------------------------- 1127 Troy aock and Dam, Hudson River, N. Y., operating and care---------- 298 TUckerton Creek, N. J., improvement----- ------------------------- 412 Tug Fork, Big Sandy River, W. Va. and Ky.: Examination and survey_ ---------------------------- 1372 Improvement --------------- -------------- -------------- Operating and care of locks and dams--- ---------------------- 137 Turner Cut, Calif., examination and survey---------------_______ 180 Turners Cut, N. C., improvement of waterways via-___--- . _______- 568 Turtle Bayou, Tex.: Examination and survey----- -------------------------------112 Improvement .. 107---------------- Turtle Cove, Tex., improvement of waterway via--- -------- __---- 1100 iurtle River, Brunswick Harbor, Ga.: Examination and survey------ ----------------------------- 742 Improvement --------- ---------------------------------- 729 TWelvemile Bayou, La., improvement of waterway via---------------112 Twin City Lock and Dam, MisSissippi River, operating and care--- .----- 12 Twin Rivers, Wis., improvement of Two Rivers Harbor------- - 1465 Twitch Cove, Md.: Examination and survey----- ,_-- _------_-_-_ _ _494 -- Improvement- _-___-___-.-_-- __-__ -_ 488 2308INDEX Two Rivers Harbor, Wis.: Examination and survey- ------------------------------------ Page 1534 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 1465 'Tylerton to Rhodes Point, Smiths Island, Md., examination and survey of channel from------------------------------------------------ 494 U Umpqua River, Oreg.: Improvement------ --------------------------------------- 1821 Review of reports------ ------------------ ----------------- 1903 Union Lake, Wash., improvement of waterways via-__-- -- 1934 Union River, Me., examination and survey---------------------- 92 Upper Chipola River, Fla., improvement ------------------------- 852 Upper Sampit River, S. C., examination and survey of waterway to North Santee River----- ------------ ------------------------- 704 Upper Thoroughfare, examination and survey of channel from Deals Island, Md., to Maynes Point of the---------------------- 494 Upper White River, Ark., operation of locks and dams- --.- ------ 1182 Urbanna Creek, Va.: Examination and survey ---------------- 530 Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 516 V Verdigris River, Okla., examination with a view to control of the floods-- 1188 Vermilion Bay and River, La.: Examination and survey of river ------------------------------ 1023 Improvement ----- -------------------- 1009 Improvement of intracoastal waterway via- -- __------994 Vermilion Bayou, La., improvement of channel, bay, and passes--------- 1000 Vermilion, Clay County, S. Dak., bank revetment on Missouri River-at__ 1243 Vermilion Harbor, Ohio, improvement------ .-..-- ---- 1631 Vicksburg, Miss., engineering district- -- ___-_-------------- 1127 Victoria, Tex., improvement of channel to Aransas Pass_------------ 1107 Virginia coast waterway improvement___ -....__-----...--. _453 Volusia Bar, St. Johns River, Fla., improvement---- ------------------ 755 W Wabash River, Ind. and Ill.: Examination and survey of waterway via_--------------- 1396 Operating and care of lock and dam at Grand Rapids ----------- 1382 Removal of lock and dam-----------------.------------ 1378 Waccamaw River, N. C. and S. C.: Improvement of river -------------- -------------------- 675 Improvement of waterway via- ------- -------------- --..... 643 Wacissa River, Fla., examination and survey------------------------ 839 Waddington Harbor, N. Y., iprovement-- . ----- __----- -_ -1706 Wadmelaw River, S. C., improvement of waterway via---------------- 700 Wainwright Channel, N. C., examination and survey of channel via-___ 670 Wakefield, Va., monument and wharf at ----------------------- 2222 Waldo Canal, Fla., into Lake Alto, thence to Little Lake Santa Fe, review of report --------------------------------------------- 840 Wallabout Channel, N. Y., improvement-... ----------------- 255 Walnut Harbor, Md., examination and survey----- 494 Wappinger Creek, N. Y., improvement ------------------ 280 Wappoo Cut, S. C., improvement ---------------------------------- 700 Warrior River, Ala.: Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 910 Operating and care of locks and dams on Black Warrior River-.... -920 Warroad Harbor and River, Minn., improvement -------------------- 1426 Warwick (Old) Cove, R. I., examination and survey------------------- 163 Warwick River, Md., improvement- 477 Washington Bayou and Lake, Miss., improvement -------------------- 1157 Washington Canal, N. J., improvement----.. ---------- -- 336 INDEX 2309 Washington, D. C.: Page Anacostia Park _---------------------------- ----- 2200 Anacostia River, reclamation of flats--------------------------2200 Aqueduct, increasing water supply------ ---------------------- 2218 Aqueduct, maintenance and repair---------------------------- 2206 Engineering district---- ------------------------------------ .495 Examination and survey of Potomac River at------------------ 530 Government buildings, consumption of water in------------------ 2210 Improvement of Potomac River at_ 95 4----------------- Water supply, increase------------------------------------ 2218 Washington, George, monument and wharf at birthplace of, Wake- field, Va---------- ---------------------------------------- 2222 Washington Lake, Miss., improvement_ _ ------- -------------- 1157 Washington Lake, Wash.: Improvement of waterway to Puget Sound--------- ----------- 1934 Operating and care of waterway to Puget Sound__----------------1939 Washita (Ouachita) River, Ark. and La.: Improvement------------------------------------------1131 Operating and care of locks and dams----------------------- 1136 Water consumption: District of Columbia------------------------------------2209 Government buildings, District of Columbia----------- --- 2210 Water hyacinths, removal of: From Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas waters-------- 942, 1018 From Florida waters-____________________------- 835, 1018 Water levels: Mississippi River and principal tributaries, gaging---------------1225 Northern and northwestern lakes, levels, etc-------------------- 2230 Water power : Black Warrior River, Ala., at Dam 17_______________ 910 Investigations for Federal Power Commission --------- 2179 Mississippi River, dam between Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minn--... 1202 Niagara River, N. Y., control and regulation of- ---______------2239 St. Marys River, Mich _______ __________-- ______ - _ 1564 Surveys for --------------------------------------------- 1999 Tennessee River, Wilson (No. 2) Dam- -_____.___.____-_ Waters, navigable. See Bridges, rivers and harbors, and Wrecks. 1282,1301 Water supply, Washington, D. C --------------------------------- 2209 Waterways: See also Canals. Alligator Creek, N. C. to inland waterway,examination and survey_- 607 Aransas Pass to Intracoastal Waterway, review of reports on------- 1T2 Beaufort, N. C.- Improvement of waterway to Cape Fear River, including water- way to Jacksonville, N. C-- --------------------------- 637 Improvement of waterway to Core Sound------ 35 6--------- Improvement of waterways to New River -------------- 637 Beaufort, S. C., to St. Johns River, Fla., improvement -----------. 717 Beaufort to Jacksonville, N. C.; improvement---- __-- 637 Cape Fear River, N. C.- To Georgetown, S. C., examination and survey __________ _ 669 To Winyah Bay, S. C., improvement______-.. ___...-- - - 643 Charleston, S. C.- Improvement of waterway to Beaufort--------------------- 700 Improvement of waterway to Winyah Bay----------------__ 681 Chesapeake Bay to Delaware River, Del. and Md. (Chesapeake and Delaware Canal)- Examination and survey------------- - -------------- 456 Improvement------------------------------------ 423 Operating and care of canal and locks__ ------------------ 429 Review of reports -------- ------------------------------ 457 Chesapeake Bay to Tangler Sound, via Ewell, Md., examination and survey---- ------------------------494 Chien Lake, La., to intracoastal waterway, examination and survey._ 1022 Clearwater Harbor to Tampa Bay, Fla., improvement----- ------- _ 820 Core Sound to Beaufort Harbor, N. C., improvement.--------- 635 Corpus Christi to Point Isabel, Tex., examination and survey... . 1125 Cumberland Sound, Ga., and Fla., to Mississippi River, survey .... - 743 24-10 INDEX Waterways--Continued. Delaware Bay, Del.- Waterway to Chincoteague Bay, Va.- Page Improvement --------------------------------------- 449 Review of reports----------------- -------.-------- 456 Waterway to Rehoboth Bay, Del., improvement---------------- 447 Erie Harbor, Pa., to Ohio River, via French Creek and Allegheny River, , eminaton and survey----------------------------- 1378 Florida East Coast Canal, examination and survey__---_______-- 838, 900 Florida (northern), examination and survey of waterways across, to connect the Atlantic intracoastal waterway with the proposed Gulf intracoastal waterway ------------------------------------- 743 Galveston to Houston, Tex.- Examination and survey --------------------------------- 1125 Improvement----- ----------------------------------- 1061 Georgia (southern), examination and survey of waterway across, to connect the Atlantic intracoastal waterway with the proposed Gulf intracoastal waterway ------------------------------------- 743 Great Lakes-Atlantic tidewaters deeper waterway, review of reports- 1710 Great Lakes to Hudson River deeper waterway, review of reports___ 1710 Interoceanic Canal, survey_-______ ------------------- 2177 Jacksonville, Fla., to Miami, Fla.- Improvement ------------------------------------------- 766 Review of reports------ ------------------------ 840 Jamaica Bay:to .Grayesend Bay,, N. Y., watvrway, improvement--___ 218 Jefferson, Tex., to Shreveport, :., improvement---------------it-- 1120 Keweenaw Bay to Lake Superior, Mich., improvement------------- 1414 Lakes Erie and Michigan to the Ohio River, examination and surveys of waterways from---- ------------ 1378, 1395 Lake Michigan to Mississippi River, examination and survey of waterway 534 1------------------- Louisiana and Texas intracoastal waterway- Examination and survey, Corpus Christi to the Rio Grande Valley-------------------------- 1126 Improvement, Mississippi River to Corpus Christi---------- 994, 1036 Miami and Erie Canal, Ohio, and branch canal to Lake Michigan, and other routes between Lakes Erie and Michigan and the Ohio River, examination and survey------__ 1-------------- -- 1378, 1395 Miami, Fla., to Gulf of Mexico, examination and survey of inland waterway 839 Mississippi River, La., improvement of intracoastal waterway to Corpus Christi, Tex-- ------------------------------ 94, 1036 Mississippi River to intracoastal waterway via Bayou Manehac, ex- anmiaftion ;isuIey---------------- ------------------- 1022 Ml"iippli River to Sabine River, La. and Tex_-------------- ---- 994 Mobile Bay, Ala., to New Orleans, La.--- Examination and survey------------------ --------------- 1023 Improvement --------------------------------------- 909 New Orleans Industrial Canal, La., to Mississippi Sound, examination and survey ---------------------------------------- -- 1022 New Orleans, La., to Appalachicola River, Fla., examination and survey ----------------- -------------------------------- 1023 New River, N. C., to Swansboro and Beaufort, improvement ------ 37 New York.and New Jersey Channels, improvement-----------------323 New York Bay to Delaware River section of the intracoastal water- way, review of reports __- ___________ - -- -- -_____.__ . 353 Norfolk, Va., to Beaufort Inlet, N. C.- Improvement ------- ------------------------------------ 572 Operating and care------------------------ ------------- 580 Review of reports ---- 607 Norfolk, Va., to sounds of North Carolina, improvement------------- 568 Ocmulgee River to Flint Rive', Ga., examination and survey -------- 743 Oklawaha River to Kissimmee River, Fla., through Lake Tohopeka- liga and Lake Apopka, examination and survey-- ------------- 838 Pamlico Sound, N. C., to Beaufort Inlet, improvement_---__ - 572 Penacola Bay to Catoldoahitt'chee River Fla., exaillnation and sprvey of waterway- - - --- _ _--_-_ _-_- -- - -900 Pensacola Bay, Fla., to Mobile Bay, Ala.,, improvement-_-- 888 INDEX 2311 Waterways-Continued. Page Port Townsend Bay to Oak Bay, Wash., improvement----------- -- 1919 Puget Sound to Lake Washington- Improvement -------------------------------------------- 1934 Operating and care------------ ------------------------ 1939 Sabine-Neches waterway, Tex.- Contributions for improvement--------------------------- 1027 Improvement----------- ------------------------- 1024 Improvement of intracoastal waterway via----------------- 1036 Review of reports on Port Arthur Canal, Tex., and------------1127 St. Marys River, Fla., to proposed Gulf intracoastal waterway, exam- ination and survey7---------------------43 Savannah, Ga., to Beaufort, S. C., improvement ------------------ 717 Savannah, Ga., to Fernandina, Fla., improvement---------------- 717 Stuart, Fla., to Gulf of Mexico, examination and survey of inland waterway------------ ------------------- 839 Swan Quarter Bay to Deep Bay, N. C., improvement-------- ------- 608 Teche Bayou, La., to intracoastal waterway via the Iberia Commer- cial Canal, examination and survey--------------------------1022 Texas and Louisiana intracoastal waterway, Corpus Christi, Tex., to - the Mississippi River, improvement__ 94, 1036 9---------------------- Virginia coast waterway, improvement 53 4----------------- Waukegan Harbor, Ill.: Examination and survey------------------------------------ 1564 Improvement-- ----------------------------------------- 1535 Wedge Cape, Nagai Island, Alaska, examination and survey------------ 1972 Weirs, permits for construction ___ _-------------------2187 West Bay, Fla., examination and survey of waterway to Choctawhatchee Bay, Fla------ ------------------------------------------ 900 Westchester Creek, N. Y., improvement_ _-_--- ----------------- 181 Western Branch, Elizabeth River, Va., improvement_____ __- ___------531 West (Hay) Harbor, Fishers Island, N. Y.: Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 160 Review of reports------------------------------------------ 164 Westport Harbor, Conn., improvement __ -------------- ____ - -- 152 West River, Conn., improvement-... __________-_ 137 Weymouth Back River, Mass.: Examination and survey________________--- ------- 92 Improvement------------------------------------78 Weymouth Fore River, Mass.: Examination and survey__-------------------------------------92 Improvement----------------------------------------------- 75 Wharves, permits for construction___- - -- ---- --- ____-2187 Whiskey Slough, Calif., examination and survey__________ __________ 1803 Whatcom (Bellingham) Harbor, Wash., improvement of Whatcom Creek waterway-- ------------------------------------------------ 1953 Whitehall Harbor, N. Y., Narrows to Lake Champlain, improvement----- 300 White Lake Harbor, Mich., improvement___________________________ 1511 White River, Ark.: Improvement by open-channel work_---_--------___ __________ 1167 Operating and care of locks and dams------------------------ 1182 i Wicomico River, Md., improvement------------------------------- 482 Widows Bar Lock and Dam, Tennessee River, operating and care-------- 1296 Willamette River, Oreg.: Examinations and surveys---------------------------- 1901,1902 Improvement above Portlaid______------------------------------- 1859 Improvement below Portland_---- ------------ ____ __---- 1849 Operating and care of canal and locks at Willamette Falls-------- 1865 Review of reports ----------------------------------------- 1903 Willapa Harbor and River, Wash., improvement___ ------------ 1903 Willoughby Channel, Va., improvement -- -------- _.........--- -552 Wilmington, Calif., improvement of inner harbor--------------------1715 Wilmington, Del., engineering district-----------------------------385 Wilmington Harbor, Del.: Improvement- - -418 - Review of reports on Christiana River- --------- -___457 Wilmington, N. C., engineering district .--....... _... ___- _ _- 607 2312 INDEX Wilson (No. 2) Dam, Muscle Shoals, Tennessee River, Ala.: Page Improvement and maintenance, including hydroelectrical develop- ment------------------------------------ 1282, 1301 Operating and care------------ ---------------------------- 1297 Wilson Harbor, N. Y., examination and survey --------------------- 1709 Windmill Point Creek, Va., examination and survey-- ---- --- --... 530 Winnebago Lake, Wis., improvement of Fox River ------------------- 445 Winnepesaukee Lake, N. H., improvement of outlet of___-____ ----- 46 Winnibigoshish Reservoir, Minn.: Construction -------------------------------------------- 1204 Operating and care--------- -------------------------------- 1207 Winthrops Cove, New London, Conn., improvement_ ----------- 121 Winyah Bay, S. C.: Improvement---.-- ------------------------------------------ 671 Improvement of waterway to Cape Fear River, N. C---------------- 643 Improvement of waterway to Charleston__ - __---------681 Wisconsin River, Wis., operating snag and dredge boats_ -------- 1214 Withlacoochee River, Fla.: Examination and survey---------------------------- 839 Improvement ------------ ------------------------------ 826 Wohoa Bay, Me., examination and survey------ -------- --- 92 Wolf Bay, Ala., improvement of intracoastal waterway via ------ --- 888 Wolf River, Miss., improvement---- ------------------ 937 Wolf River, Tenn., examination and survey ------------------------ 1188 Wolf River (tributary of the Fox), Wis., improvement-----_---...- 1445 Woodbridge Creek, N. J., improvement--------------------------------330 Woodbury Creek, N. J., improvement-----------------------------. 389 Woods Hole Channel, Mass., examination and survey--- - 163 Wrangell Harbor and Narrows, Alaska: Examination and survey of harbor ..--------------. ____-___ 1972 Improvement of harbor- - - ------------------------ 1963 Improvement of narrows ------------------------------------- 1964 Wrecks : Appropriations ------------------------------- 2184 Expenditures during the year 9, 2188 Permanent appropriation for_ __ __--------------------------- 9 Removal of ----------------------------------------------- 2188 Y Yamhill River, Oreg.: Improvement--------- -------------------------------- 1859 Operating and care of lock and dam--_.-- --------- -__- -____ 1868 Yantic River, Conn., examination and survey_____-_____-- -____- 163 Yaquina Bay, Harbor, and River, Oreg.: Examination and, survey of bay, river, and entrance___ -_____ 1902 Improvement of bay and harbor------------------------------ 1834 Improvement of river_--___---------------------------- 1830 Review of reports from Toledo to bay------------------------ 1902 Yazoo River, Miss.: Improvement above mouth_----------_______________ ____ 1148 Improvement of mouth, including Vicksburg Harbor- ____-____ 1159 Ybor Estuary Channel, Fla., improvement of Tampa Harbor------------807 Yellow Mill Pond, Bridegport, Conn., improvement____________.._ 146 Yellowstone River, Mont., examination ________ __---------- 1255 York Harbor, Me., examination and survey-------------------------92 York River, Va., improvement ________- -__ _ 521 York Spit, Chesapeake Bay, Va., shoals opposite, removal 458 Youghiogheny River, Pa.: Examination and survey __ _____----------------------------------- 1353 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 1349 Youngs Bay and River, Oreg., examination and survey--- --- --- 1902 Ysclosky Bayou, La., examination and survey------------------- 1022 Yuba River, Calif., construction of restraining dams------------------ 2007 0